US20050064173A1 - Transparent glazing and use thereof in a chilling chamber door comprising in particular a glazing under vacuum - Google Patents

Transparent glazing and use thereof in a chilling chamber door comprising in particular a glazing under vacuum Download PDF

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Publication number
US20050064173A1
US20050064173A1 US10/981,569 US98156904A US2005064173A1 US 20050064173 A1 US20050064173 A1 US 20050064173A1 US 98156904 A US98156904 A US 98156904A US 2005064173 A1 US2005064173 A1 US 2005064173A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
door
glazing
glazing unit
layer
insulating glazing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US10/981,569
Inventor
Rino Messere
Anne-Sophie Hebert
Jean-Michel Florentin
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Saint Gobain Vitrage SA
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Saint Gobain Vitrage SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saint Gobain Vitrage SA filed Critical Saint Gobain Vitrage SA
Priority to US10/981,569 priority Critical patent/US20050064173A1/en
Publication of US20050064173A1 publication Critical patent/US20050064173A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47FSPECIAL FURNITURE, FITTINGS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR SHOPS, STOREHOUSES, BARS, RESTAURANTS OR THE LIKE; PAYING COUNTERS
    • A47F3/00Show cases or show cabinets
    • A47F3/04Show cases or show cabinets air-conditioned, refrigerated
    • A47F3/0404Cases or cabinets of the closed type
    • A47F3/0426Details
    • A47F3/0434Glass or transparent panels
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03CCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/22Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with other inorganic material
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03CCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/28Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with organic material
    • C03C17/32Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with organic material with synthetic or natural resins
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25DREFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D23/00General constructional features
    • F25D23/02Doors; Covers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25DREFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2201/00Insulation
    • F25D2201/10Insulation with respect to heat
    • F25D2201/14Insulation with respect to heat using subatmospheric pressure
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/913Material designed to be responsive to temperature, light, moisture
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249953Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/26Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/26Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
    • Y10T428/263Coating layer not in excess of 5 mils thick or equivalent
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31551Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31551Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]
    • Y10T428/31645Next to addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31855Of addition polymer from unsaturated monomers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a transparent glazing unit and its use in a door of a refrigerated enclosure and more particularly to a glazed door, the glazed area of which essentially consists of a vacuum glazing unit.
  • transparent glazing covers any type of glazing consisting of at least one glass sheet and/or of at least one sheet of a plastic which are intended for applications in the motor-vehicle industry, the building industry or the domestic electrical appliance industry.
  • the refrigerated enclosure When products preserved in a refrigerated enclosure have to remain visible, as is the case in many current commercial premises, the refrigerated enclosure is equipped with glazed parts which convert it into a refrigerated “display case”, the usual name for which is “refrigerated sales cabinet”.
  • display case the usual name for which is “refrigerated sales cabinet”.
  • the insulation is not perfect and the temperature of the surface of the glass sheet in contact with the ambient atmosphere is often below the temperature of the dew point, which may result in the phenomenon of condensation on this surface, affecting visibility.
  • the structure of such a vacuum insulating glazing unit has the advantage of giving it a stiffness and a strength which are equivalent to those of a single glazing unit of thickness equal to the sum of the thicknesses of the glass sheets, that is to say the glass sheets behave as a single sheet whose thickness is the sum of that of the two glass sheets. In this way, it is not necessary to combine this type of glazing with a support frame. Thus, the overall size is greatly reduced and it is very simple to fit it into the environmental enclosure.
  • Such a door of a refrigerated enclosure essentially consisting of a vacuum insulating glazing unit, makes it possible to solve the problem of condensation on the external surface: this is because the thermal insulation of this glazing unit makes it possible to obtain an external surface at the ambient temperature.
  • this enhanced insulation means that the internal surface of the glazing or of the door is at the temperature of the refrigerated environment, something which accentuates the condensation phenomenon when the door is opened: the temperature of the internal surface is such that, in the case of freezer cabinets, frosting may be seen to form on the said surface.
  • the objective of the invention is thus in particular to produce a door of a refrigerated enclosure which includes a glazed area consisting of an insulating glazing unit, in which the frosting liable to form on the viewing area when the door is opened can be rapidly and inexpensively removed.
  • a transparent glazing unit having at least one viewing area, this area being combined with an antifrosting absorbent layer deposited on at least one surface of the said area.
  • the antifrosting function of the layer means that it inhibits the formation of water crystals.
  • Such a glazing unit especially when it is an insulating glazing unit and more particularly a vacuum insulating glazing unit, can be used in a door of a refrigerated enclosure having at least one viewing area consisting, for example, of the said vacuum insulating glazing unit combined with an absorbent layer advantageously deposited on that surface of the said viewing area which is in contact with the refrigerated environment. It has been shown that such a door, comprising the glazing according to the invention, makes it possible to prevent the frosting phenomenon, or more precisely to delay it or at the very least limit its appearance.
  • the antifrosting absorbent layer is deposited directly on the glass, and more specifically on that surface of the vacuum insulating glazing unit which is in contact with the refrigerated environment. This is the surface in contact with the refrigerated environment when the door is in its closed position.
  • a layer may be deposited by techniques of the sputtering or coating type, especially of the flow-coating or deep-coating type, the deposition being carried out before or after manufacturing of the vacuum glazing unit.
  • an adhesion primer of the silane type is provided; it is either deposited beforehand on the glass or at the same time as the layer is formed, the silanes being introduced into the composition of the antifrosting absorbent layer.
  • the antifrosting absorbent layer is deposited, for example according to one of the abovementioned methods, on a plastic film and the plastic film is itself fastened to the vacuum insulating glazing unit.
  • the plastic film used is advantageously a polycarbonate film preferably having a thickness of less than 3 millimetres; this plastic is especially chosen for its mechanical strength properties.
  • the plastic film is fastened to the glazing in a sealed manner so that no trace of moisture can exist between the glass surface and the plastic film. It may be fastened, for example, by adhesive bonding around the periphery; the air layer possibly existing between the glass and the plastic film must then advantageously not exceed 3 mm.
  • the fastening may also be achieved by means of an aluminium frame combined with a desiccant and an adhesive, similar to that for an insulating glazing unit of conventional construction; advantageously, the air layer between the glass and the plastic film then does not exceed 10 mm.
  • the antifrosting absorbent layer consists of at least one hydrophilic polymer.
  • a polymer may be non-limitingly chosen from the following polymers: a polyvinylpyrrolidone of the poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) or poly(1-vinylpyrrolidone) type, a polyvinylpyridine of the poly(N-vinyl-2-pyridine) type, of the poly(N-vinyl-3-pyridine) type or of the poly(N-vinyl-4-pyridine) type, a polyacrylate of the poly(2-hydroxyethyl acrylate) type, a polyacrylamide of the poly(N′,N-hydroxyacrylamide) type, a polyvinyl acetate, a polyacrylonitrile, a polyvinyl alcohol, a polyacrolein, a polyethylene glycol or a polyoxyethylene. It may also be a copolymer based on two or more of the abovementi
  • the invention specifies that the layer consists of at least one crosslinked hydrophilic polymer.
  • Crosslinking the polymer makes it possible, in particular, to obtain better cohesion of the layer and thus to prevent any risk of the layer being dissolved by water, over the long or short term.
  • the hydrophilic polymer is combined with an organic or inorganic absorbent material, the said absorbent material preferably being porous.
  • An inorganic absorbent material especially improves the mechanical strength of the layer and more particularly prevents the formation of scratches.
  • the inorganic function is advantageously achieved by no depositing a mesoporous material (CPG-MCM 41), such as TiO 2 nanoparticles, or by depositing orthosilicate hydrolysis condensation products, or other silicon derivatives.
  • CPG-MCM 41 mesoporous material
  • An organic absorbent material especially allows retention of the hydrophilic polymer; a polyurethane is used, for example.
  • the inventors have thus been able to demonstrate that the presence of a porous layer which includes a hydrophilic polymer on the surf(ace of the glazed area allows water to be absorbed. This principle prevents the formation of water droplets and thus the formation of a film liable to frost over and affect visibility through the glazed area.
  • the choice of hydrophilic polymer and of the porosity in the case of a porous absorbent material make it possible to control the antifrosting behaviour of the layer. In particular, increasing the porosity allows the rate of water absorption and the water absorptivity, as well as the level of water in microdroplet form, to be controlled.
  • the porosity of the layer is between 0.1 and 1000 cm 3 /g.
  • it is advantageously between 0.1 and 100 cm 3 /g and preferably less than 20 cm 3 /g. It is preferably between 200 and 1000 cm 3 /g in the case of a mesoporous material.
  • the porosity defines the void volume of the pores per unit mass of the layer.
  • the layer has pores whose mean diameter is between 0.05 and 50 microns, preferably between 0.1 and 20 microns and more preferably between 1 and 15 microns.
  • the shapes of the cavities making up the pores are oval or spherical.
  • the antifrosting absorbent layer advantageously has a thickness of less than 100 microns, preferably less than 50 microns and more preferably less than 35 microns and, in some cases, preferably less than 25 microns and more preferably less than 20 microns.
  • a door or a refrigerated sales cabinet was produced. It consists especially of a vacuum insulating glazing unit, in order to form the viewing area and of a door frame, for example made of metal. This frame may especially support all the mechanical systems of the handle and hinge type, as well as the seals which seal against the walls of the refrigerated enclosure.
  • the insulating glazing unit consists of two glass sheets between which a vacuum has been created.
  • the glass sheets are separated from each other by studs distributed over the entire surface of the glazing and are joined together around their periphery by a seal of inorganic adhesive.
  • Such a vacuum insulation glazing unit is, for example, produced according to a technique as described in Patent Application EP 645,516.
  • a polycarbonate film having a thickness of 2 millimetres is fastened to the vacuum insulating glazing unit by means of an adhesive forming a strip with a thickness of 1 millimetre around the periphery of the glazing.
  • an air cavity is formed between the glazing and the completely sealed polycarbonate film.
  • This complex is produced in such a way that the trapped air is dry.
  • the film is fastened to that side of the vacuum insulating glazing unit which is intended to face the inside of the refrigerated enclosure when the door is in its closed position.
  • the polycarbonate film Before attaching it, the polycarbonate film is coated with an antifrosting absorbent layer, this being deposited so as to face the inside of the refrigerated enclosure when the door is in the closed position.
  • the layer thus deposited forms a polymeric porous three-dimensional network based on polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyurethane.
  • the thickness of the layer is equal to 14.5 microns and the pores have a mean diameter varying from 1 to 8 microns.
  • Tests were carried out on various types of doors. These doors are fitted onto refrigerated sales cabinets within which a temperature of ⁇ 28° C. is maintained. The cabinets themselves are placed in an atmosphere at a temperature of 25° C. The tests consist in opening the door for a period of 3 minutes and a period of 12 seconds. The 3-minute period simulates the average time needed for this type of cabinet to be stocked up in the morning. The 12-second duration simulates the average time needed for a consumer to take one or more products.
  • the measured results are the times needed for satisfactory visibility through the door to return, that is to say the times needed to remove the condensation and/or frosting.
  • the first door tested, A has an insulating glazing unit consisting of three glass sheets.
  • the second door tested, B has a vacuum insulating glazing unit.
  • the third door, C is that according to the invention that has just been described.
  • door C produced according to the invention, prevents the formation of frosting.
  • This second example consisted in depositing a layer consisting only of a hydrophilic polymer; this hydrophilic polymer was based on polyvinylpyrrolidone, having a molecular mass of 1,300,000 g/mol and diluted to 10% by mass in ethanol. The composition thus obtained was then deposited on the glass by flow coating.
  • the presence of the absorbent layer therefore prevents the formation of frosting when the door is opened under normal operating conditions.

Abstract

The subject of the invention is a transparent glazing unit having at least one viewing area and its use in a door of a refrigerated enclosure and more particularly a glazed door, the glazed area of which essentially consists of a vacuum glazing unit. According to the invention the viewing area is combined with an antifrosting absorbent layer deposited on at least one surface of the said area.

Description

  • The invention relates to a transparent glazing unit and its use in a door of a refrigerated enclosure and more particularly to a glazed door, the glazed area of which essentially consists of a vacuum glazing unit.
  • The invention will be more particularly described with reference to doors of refrigerated enclosures in which cold or frozen products are displayed, but the invention must not be construed as being limited to products or applications of this type. This is because the expression “transparent glazing” mentioned above covers any type of glazing consisting of at least one glass sheet and/or of at least one sheet of a plastic which are intended for applications in the motor-vehicle industry, the building industry or the domestic electrical appliance industry.
  • When products preserved in a refrigerated enclosure have to remain visible, as is the case in many current commercial premises, the refrigerated enclosure is equipped with glazed parts which convert it into a refrigerated “display case”, the usual name for which is “refrigerated sales cabinet”. There are several alternative forms of these “display cases”. Some of them are in the form of a cabinet and then it is the door itself which is transparent, while others are in the form of chests and it is the horizontal lid which is glazed in order to allow the contents to be seen.
  • In these types of display cases, it is necessary for the merchandise to remain perfectly visible to customers so that it is possible to preselect the merchandise without opening the “display case”.
  • When the usual insulating glazing is used, the insulation is not perfect and the temperature of the surface of the glass sheet in contact with the ambient atmosphere is often below the temperature of the dew point, which may result in the phenomenon of condensation on this surface, affecting visibility.
  • The use of vacuum insulating glazing makes it possible to eliminate this drawback by providing very greatly enhanced insulation. Such insulation also has the advantage of reducing the energy costs.
  • The French patent application filed in the name of Saint-Gobain Vitrage under the number FR 97/09772, describes such a door of a refrigerated enclosure which includes a vacuum glazing unit. It thus proposes a door of a refrigerated enclosure essentially consisting of an insulating panel composed of at least two glass substrates between which a vacuum has been created, which substrates are separated from each other by studs distributed over the entire surface and are joined around their periphery by an inorganic seal. In this way, the conventional insulating glazing units normally used are replaced with one insulating glazing unit consisting of at least two glass sheets between which a vacuum has been created, which we will call hereafter vacuum insulating glazing. This type of vacuum insulating glazing has, for a total thickness markedly less than that of the conventional insulating glazing units, substantially improved thermal insulation properties.
  • Furthermore, the structure of such a vacuum insulating glazing unit has the advantage of giving it a stiffness and a strength which are equivalent to those of a single glazing unit of thickness equal to the sum of the thicknesses of the glass sheets, that is to say the glass sheets behave as a single sheet whose thickness is the sum of that of the two glass sheets. In this way, it is not necessary to combine this type of glazing with a support frame. Thus, the overall size is greatly reduced and it is very simple to fit it into the environmental enclosure.
  • Such a door of a refrigerated enclosure, essentially consisting of a vacuum insulating glazing unit, makes it possible to solve the problem of condensation on the external surface: this is because the thermal insulation of this glazing unit makes it possible to obtain an external surface at the ambient temperature.
  • On the other hand, this enhanced insulation means that the internal surface of the glazing or of the door is at the temperature of the refrigerated environment, something which accentuates the condensation phenomenon when the door is opened: the temperature of the internal surface is such that, in the case of freezer cabinets, frosting may be seen to form on the said surface.
  • The usual techniques for preventing the condensation and/or frosting which forms on the internal surface of the doors consist in blowing heated air over this surface. Whatever the technique used, the energy cost is high; the cost penalty is even greater in the case of a vacuum insulating glazing unit, the time required to remove the condensation and/or the frosting being longer Moreover, this longer time due to the very low temperature of the internal face goes counter to the intended aim which consists in obtaining an almost permanent area of visibility, including after opening the door.
  • The objective of the invention is thus in particular to produce a door of a refrigerated enclosure which includes a glazed area consisting of an insulating glazing unit, in which the frosting liable to form on the viewing area when the door is opened can be rapidly and inexpensively removed.
  • This objective is achieved according to the invention by a transparent glazing unit having at least one viewing area, this area being combined with an antifrosting absorbent layer deposited on at least one surface of the said area.
  • The antifrosting function of the layer means that it inhibits the formation of water crystals.
  • Such a glazing unit, especially when it is an insulating glazing unit and more particularly a vacuum insulating glazing unit, can be used in a door of a refrigerated enclosure having at least one viewing area consisting, for example, of the said vacuum insulating glazing unit combined with an absorbent layer advantageously deposited on that surface of the said viewing area which is in contact with the refrigerated environment. It has been shown that such a door, comprising the glazing according to the invention, makes it possible to prevent the frosting phenomenon, or more precisely to delay it or at the very least limit its appearance.
  • According to a first embodiment, the antifrosting absorbent layer is deposited directly on the glass, and more specifically on that surface of the vacuum insulating glazing unit which is in contact with the refrigerated environment. This is the surface in contact with the refrigerated environment when the door is in its closed position. Such a layer may be deposited by techniques of the sputtering or coating type, especially of the flow-coating or deep-coating type, the deposition being carried out before or after manufacturing of the vacuum glazing unit. Advantageously, an adhesion primer of the silane type is provided; it is either deposited beforehand on the glass or at the same time as the layer is formed, the silanes being introduced into the composition of the antifrosting absorbent layer.
  • According to a second embodiment, the antifrosting absorbent layer is deposited, for example according to one of the abovementioned methods, on a plastic film and the plastic film is itself fastened to the vacuum insulating glazing unit. The plastic film used is advantageously a polycarbonate film preferably having a thickness of less than 3 millimetres; this plastic is especially chosen for its mechanical strength properties. The plastic film is fastened to the glazing in a sealed manner so that no trace of moisture can exist between the glass surface and the plastic film. It may be fastened, for example, by adhesive bonding around the periphery; the air layer possibly existing between the glass and the plastic film must then advantageously not exceed 3 mm. The fastening may also be achieved by means of an aluminium frame combined with a desiccant and an adhesive, similar to that for an insulating glazing unit of conventional construction; advantageously, the air layer between the glass and the plastic film then does not exceed 10 mm.
  • According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the antifrosting absorbent layer consists of at least one hydrophilic polymer. Such a polymer may be non-limitingly chosen from the following polymers: a polyvinylpyrrolidone of the poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) or poly(1-vinylpyrrolidone) type, a polyvinylpyridine of the poly(N-vinyl-2-pyridine) type, of the poly(N-vinyl-3-pyridine) type or of the poly(N-vinyl-4-pyridine) type, a polyacrylate of the poly(2-hydroxyethyl acrylate) type, a polyacrylamide of the poly(N′,N-hydroxyacrylamide) type, a polyvinyl acetate, a polyacrylonitrile, a polyvinyl alcohol, a polyacrolein, a polyethylene glycol or a polyoxyethylene. It may also be a copolymer based on two or more of the abovementioned polymers.
  • Preferably, the invention specifies that the layer consists of at least one crosslinked hydrophilic polymer. Crosslinking the polymer makes it possible, in particular, to obtain better cohesion of the layer and thus to prevent any risk of the layer being dissolved by water, over the long or short term.
  • According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the hydrophilic polymer is combined with an organic or inorganic absorbent material, the said absorbent material preferably being porous.
  • An inorganic absorbent material especially improves the mechanical strength of the layer and more particularly prevents the formation of scratches. The inorganic function is advantageously achieved by no depositing a mesoporous material (CPG-MCM 41), such as TiO2 nanoparticles, or by depositing orthosilicate hydrolysis condensation products, or other silicon derivatives.
  • An organic absorbent material especially allows retention of the hydrophilic polymer; a polyurethane is used, for example.
  • The inventors have thus been able to demonstrate that the presence of a porous layer which includes a hydrophilic polymer on the surf(ace of the glazed area allows water to be absorbed. This principle prevents the formation of water droplets and thus the formation of a film liable to frost over and affect visibility through the glazed area. The choice of hydrophilic polymer and of the porosity in the case of a porous absorbent material make it possible to control the antifrosting behaviour of the layer. In particular, increasing the porosity allows the rate of water absorption and the water absorptivity, as well as the level of water in microdroplet form, to be controlled.
  • According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the porosity of the layer is between 0.1 and 1000 cm3/g. In the case of a polymeric material, it is advantageously between 0.1 and 100 cm3/g and preferably less than 20 cm3/g. It is preferably between 200 and 1000 cm3/g in the case of a mesoporous material. The porosity defines the void volume of the pores per unit mass of the layer.
  • Also preferably, the layer has pores whose mean diameter is between 0.05 and 50 microns, preferably between 0.1 and 20 microns and more preferably between 1 and 15 microns. The shapes of the cavities making up the pores are oval or spherical.
  • Whatever the nature of the antifrosting absorbent layer and the method of producing the latter, it advantageously has a thickness of less than 100 microns, preferably less than 50 microns and more preferably less than 35 microns and, in some cases, preferably less than 25 microns and more preferably less than 20 microns.
  • Further details and advantageous characteristics of the invention will emerge below from the description of illustrative examples of the invention and of tests carried out.
  • As described above, a door or a refrigerated sales cabinet was produced. It consists especially of a vacuum insulating glazing unit, in order to form the viewing area and of a door frame, for example made of metal. This frame may especially support all the mechanical systems of the handle and hinge type, as well as the seals which seal against the walls of the refrigerated enclosure.
  • The insulating glazing unit consists of two glass sheets between which a vacuum has been created. The glass sheets are separated from each other by studs distributed over the entire surface of the glazing and are joined together around their periphery by a seal of inorganic adhesive. Such a vacuum insulation glazing unit is, for example, produced according to a technique as described in Patent Application EP 645,516.
  • According to the invention, a polycarbonate film having a thickness of 2 millimetres is fastened to the vacuum insulating glazing unit by means of an adhesive forming a strip with a thickness of 1 millimetre around the periphery of the glazing. Thus, an air cavity is formed between the glazing and the completely sealed polycarbonate film. This complex is produced in such a way that the trapped air is dry. The film is fastened to that side of the vacuum insulating glazing unit which is intended to face the inside of the refrigerated enclosure when the door is in its closed position.
  • Before attaching it, the polycarbonate film is coated with an antifrosting absorbent layer, this being deposited so as to face the inside of the refrigerated enclosure when the door is in the closed position. The layer thus deposited forms a polymeric porous three-dimensional network based on polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyurethane.
  • Measurements were carried out on the layer in the wet state using transmission electromicroscopy; these measurements allow the thickness of the layer and the size of the pores to be checked. The thickness of the layer is equal to 14.5 microns and the pores have a mean diameter varying from 1 to 8 microns.
  • Tests were carried out on various types of doors. These doors are fitted onto refrigerated sales cabinets within which a temperature of −28° C. is maintained. The cabinets themselves are placed in an atmosphere at a temperature of 25° C. The tests consist in opening the door for a period of 3 minutes and a period of 12 seconds. The 3-minute period simulates the average time needed for this type of cabinet to be stocked up in the morning. The 12-second duration simulates the average time needed for a consumer to take one or more products.
  • The measured results are the times needed for satisfactory visibility through the door to return, that is to say the times needed to remove the condensation and/or frosting.
  • The first door tested, A, has an insulating glazing unit consisting of three glass sheets. The second door tested, B, has a vacuum insulating glazing unit.
  • The third door, C, is that according to the invention that has just been described.
  • The results are given in the table below:
    3-min opening 12-s opening
    A  8 min 20 s 1 min 15 s
    B 31 min 10 s 1 min 40 s
    C 0 s 0 s
  • From these results it is clearly apparent that door C, produced according to the invention, prevents the formation of frosting.
  • Another test was carried out under similar conditions. Only the nature of the layer differs in this second example. This second example consisted in depositing a layer consisting only of a hydrophilic polymer; this hydrophilic polymer was based on polyvinylpyrrolidone, having a molecular mass of 1,300,000 g/mol and diluted to 10% by mass in ethanol. The composition thus obtained was then deposited on the glass by flow coating.
  • Tests such as those described above, consisting in opening the door for a period of 12 seconds and for 3 minutes, were carried out. In both cases, there was no sign of any frosting on the viewing area of the door.
  • The presence of the absorbent layer therefore prevents the formation of frosting when the door is opened under normal operating conditions.

Claims (6)

1-14. Canceled.
15. A refrigerator door comprising a transparent substrate having on at least a portion thereof a coating which prevents the condensation of water thereon when said portion maintained at a temperature of −28° C. is exposed to an atmosphere at a temperature of 25° C. for 12 seconds.
16. The refrigerator door of claim 15, wherein the coating prevents the condensation of water thereon when said portion maintained at a temperature of −28° C. is exposed to an atmosphere at a temperature of 25° C. for 3 minutes.
17. The refrigerator door of claim 15, wherein the coating comprises a polyurethane.
18. A refrigerator door comprising a transparent substrate having on at least a portion thereof a coating which prevents the condensation of water, wherein the coating comprises a polyurethane.
19. The refrigerator door of claim 18, wherein the coating prevents the condensation of water thereon when said portion maintained at a temperature of −28° C. is exposed to an atmosphere at a temperature of 25° C. for 3 minutes.
US10/981,569 1999-05-25 2004-11-05 Transparent glazing and use thereof in a chilling chamber door comprising in particular a glazing under vacuum Abandoned US20050064173A1 (en)

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US10/981,569 US20050064173A1 (en) 1999-05-25 2004-11-05 Transparent glazing and use thereof in a chilling chamber door comprising in particular a glazing under vacuum

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9906586A FR2794225B3 (en) 1999-05-25 1999-05-25 REFRIGERATED ENCLOSURE DOOR WITH VACUUM WINDOWS
FR9906586 1999-05-25
US09/926,609 US7003920B1 (en) 1999-05-25 2000-05-25 Transparent glazing and use thereof in a chilling chamber door comprising in particular a glazing under vacuum
US10/981,569 US20050064173A1 (en) 1999-05-25 2004-11-05 Transparent glazing and use thereof in a chilling chamber door comprising in particular a glazing under vacuum

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US09/926,609 Continuation US7003920B1 (en) 1999-05-25 2000-05-25 Transparent glazing and use thereof in a chilling chamber door comprising in particular a glazing under vacuum
PCT/FR2000/001424 Continuation WO2000071481A1 (en) 1999-05-25 2000-05-25 Transparent glazing and use thereof in a chilling chamber door comprising in particular a glazing under vacuum

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US20050064173A1 true US20050064173A1 (en) 2005-03-24

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US09/926,609 Expired - Lifetime US7003920B1 (en) 1999-05-25 2000-05-25 Transparent glazing and use thereof in a chilling chamber door comprising in particular a glazing under vacuum
US10/981,585 Abandoned US20050064101A1 (en) 1999-05-25 2004-11-05 Transparent glazing and use thereof in a chilling chamber door comprising in particular a glazing under vacuum
US10/981,569 Abandoned US20050064173A1 (en) 1999-05-25 2004-11-05 Transparent glazing and use thereof in a chilling chamber door comprising in particular a glazing under vacuum
US10/981,593 Abandoned US20050100730A1 (en) 1999-05-25 2004-11-05 Transparent glazing and use thereof in a chilling chamber door comprising in particular a glazing under vacuum
US11/302,333 Abandoned US20060159906A1 (en) 1999-05-25 2005-12-14 Transparent glazing and use thereof in a chilling chamber door comprising in particular a glazing under vacuum
US12/122,765 Abandoned US20080218039A1 (en) 1999-05-25 2008-05-19 Transparent glazing and its use in a door of a refrigerated enclosure, especially one having a vacuum glazing unit

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US09/926,609 Expired - Lifetime US7003920B1 (en) 1999-05-25 2000-05-25 Transparent glazing and use thereof in a chilling chamber door comprising in particular a glazing under vacuum
US10/981,585 Abandoned US20050064101A1 (en) 1999-05-25 2004-11-05 Transparent glazing and use thereof in a chilling chamber door comprising in particular a glazing under vacuum

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US10/981,593 Abandoned US20050100730A1 (en) 1999-05-25 2004-11-05 Transparent glazing and use thereof in a chilling chamber door comprising in particular a glazing under vacuum
US11/302,333 Abandoned US20060159906A1 (en) 1999-05-25 2005-12-14 Transparent glazing and use thereof in a chilling chamber door comprising in particular a glazing under vacuum
US12/122,765 Abandoned US20080218039A1 (en) 1999-05-25 2008-05-19 Transparent glazing and its use in a door of a refrigerated enclosure, especially one having a vacuum glazing unit

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US (6) US7003920B1 (en)
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JP (2) JP2003500622A (en)
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AT (1) ATE375326T1 (en)
AU (1) AU4931600A (en)
BR (1) BR0010917B1 (en)
CA (2) CA2756565C (en)
DE (2) DE60036709T2 (en)
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ES (1) ES2295030T3 (en)
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US20060159906A1 (en) * 1999-05-25 2006-07-20 Saint-Gobain Glass France Transparent glazing and use thereof in a chilling chamber door comprising in particular a glazing under vacuum
US8221846B2 (en) 2002-05-02 2012-07-17 Hussmann Corporation Merchandisers having anti-fog coatings and methods for making the same
US8534006B2 (en) 2002-05-02 2013-09-17 Hussmann Corporation Merchandisers having anti-fog coatings and methods for making the same
US20060127586A1 (en) * 2002-05-02 2006-06-15 Hussmann Corporation Merchandisers having anti-fog coatings and methods for making the same
US20050202178A1 (en) * 2002-05-02 2005-09-15 Hussmann Corporation Merchandisers having anti-fog coatings and methods for making the same
US20070003700A1 (en) * 2002-05-02 2007-01-04 Hussmann Corporation Merchandisers having anti-fog coatings and methods for making the same
US20100062152A1 (en) * 2002-05-02 2010-03-11 Hussmann Corporation Merchandisers having anti-fog coatings and methods for making the same
US20100119705A1 (en) * 2002-05-02 2010-05-13 Hussmann Corporation Merchandisers having anti-fog coatings and methods for making the same
US20060265979A1 (en) * 2004-09-20 2006-11-30 Afg Industries, Inc. Anti-fog refrigeration door and method of making the same
US20110165399A1 (en) * 2004-09-20 2011-07-07 Agc Flat Glass North America, Inc. Anti-fog refrigeration door and method of making the same
US7891154B2 (en) 2004-09-20 2011-02-22 Agc Flat Glass North America, Inc. Anti-fog refrigeration door and method of making the same
WO2006034068A2 (en) 2004-09-20 2006-03-30 Afg Industries, Inc. Anti-fog refrigeration door and method of making the same
US8613179B2 (en) 2004-09-20 2013-12-24 Agc Flat Glass North America, Inc. Anti-fog refrigeration door and method of making the same
EP2837606A1 (en) 2004-09-20 2015-02-18 AGC Flat Glass North America, Inc. Anti-fog refrigeration door and method of making the same
CN101316883B (en) * 2005-09-30 2012-01-04 沙伯基础创新塑料知识产权有限公司 Anti-frost film assemblies, method of manufacture, and articles made thereof
US8864251B2 (en) 2012-07-31 2014-10-21 Whirlpool Corporation Hydrophilic structures for condensation management in refrigerator appliances
US8926032B2 (en) 2012-07-31 2015-01-06 Whirlpool Corporation Hydrophilic structure for condensation management on the movable mullion of a refrigerator
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US20050064101A1 (en) 2005-03-24
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FR2794225A1 (en) 2000-12-01
US20060159906A1 (en) 2006-07-20
CA2374636A1 (en) 2000-11-30
JP2003500622A (en) 2003-01-07
EP1198432A1 (en) 2002-04-24
CA2374636C (en) 2011-11-22
PL357269A1 (en) 2004-07-26
FR2794225B3 (en) 2001-06-15
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KR20020003564A (en) 2002-01-12
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US20050100730A1 (en) 2005-05-12
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JP4629705B2 (en) 2011-02-09
CA2756565C (en) 2013-04-09
ATE375326T1 (en) 2007-10-15
US20080218039A1 (en) 2008-09-11
JP2008014630A (en) 2008-01-24
AU4931600A (en) 2000-12-12
DK1198432T3 (en) 2008-02-11
DE60036709T2 (en) 2008-07-17
US7003920B1 (en) 2006-02-28
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PL198560B1 (en) 2008-06-30
EP1198432B1 (en) 2007-10-10

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