US20050125212A1 - System and method for designing a logical model of a distributed computer system and deploying physical resources according to the logical model - Google Patents
System and method for designing a logical model of a distributed computer system and deploying physical resources according to the logical model Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20050125212A1 US20050125212A1 US11/008,730 US873004A US2005125212A1 US 20050125212 A1 US20050125212 A1 US 20050125212A1 US 873004 A US873004 A US 873004A US 2005125212 A1 US2005125212 A1 US 2005125212A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- module
- instances
- computer
- application
- model
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
- H04L41/06—Management of faults, events, alarms or notifications
- H04L41/069—Management of faults, events, alarms or notifications using logs of notifications; Post-processing of notifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
- H04L67/1001—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network for accessing one among a plurality of replicated servers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
- H04L41/08—Configuration management of networks or network elements
- H04L41/0893—Assignment of logical groups to network elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
- H04L41/08—Configuration management of networks or network elements
- H04L41/0894—Policy-based network configuration management
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
- H04L67/1001—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network for accessing one among a plurality of replicated servers
- H04L67/1029—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network for accessing one among a plurality of replicated servers using data related to the state of servers by a load balancer
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
- H04L67/1001—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network for accessing one among a plurality of replicated servers
- H04L67/1031—Controlling of the operation of servers by a load balancer, e.g. adding or removing servers that serve requests
Definitions
- This invention relates to distributed computer systems, such as Internet-based Services or Websites. More particularly, this invention pertains to a way to convert a logical, scale-independent model of an application for a distributed computer system to an actual physical configuration.
- IDC Internet data center
- Webfarms and “server farms”
- IDCs typically house hundreds to thousands of computers in climate-controlled, physically secure buildings. These computers are interconnected to run one or more programs supporting one or more Internet services or Websites. IDCs provide reliable Internet access, reliable power supplies, and a secure operating environment.
- FIG. 1 shows an Internet data center 100 . It has many server computers 102 arranged in a specially constructed room. The computers are general-purpose computers, typically configured as servers.
- An Internet data center may be constructed to house a single site for a single entity (e.g., a data center for Yahoo! or MSN), or to accommodate multiple sites for multiple entities (e.g., an Exodus center that host sites for multiple companies).
- the IDC 100 is illustrated with three entities that share the computer resources: entity A, entity B, and entity C. These entities represent various companies that want a presence on the Web.
- entity A entity A
- entity B entity B
- entity C entity C
- the IDC 100 has a pool of additional computers 104 that may be used by the entities at times of heavy traffic. For example, an entity engaged in online retailing may experience significantly more demand during the Christmas season. The additional computers give the IDC flexibility to meet this demand.
- Website While there are often many computers, an Internet service or Website may only run a few programs. For instance, one Website may have 2000-3000 computers that run only 10-20 distinct software components. Computers may be added daily to provide scalability as the Website receives increasingly more visitors, but the underlying programs change less frequently. Rather, there are simply more computers running the same software in parallel to accommodate the increased volume of visitors.
- a system facilitates the design and implementation of large-scale distributed computer applications, such as Internet Services and Websites.
- the applications are implemented as software distributed over many interconnected computer nodes, such as server data centers, Internet data centers (IDCs), Web farms, and the like.
- IDCs Internet data centers
- Web farms and the like.
- the system has a modeling system and a deployment system.
- the modeling system permits developers to architect the hardware and software used to implement the applications in an abstract manner.
- the modeling system defines a set of components used to describe the functionality of an application in a logical, scale-independent manner.
- the modeling system defines several model components: a module, a port, and a wire.
- the model also admits an unlimited set of model extensions including, but not limited to stores, event sources, event sinks, and event wires.
- the module is the basic functional unit and represents a container of behavior that may be implemented by one or more computers running one or more software programs. For instance, in the context of a Website, one module might represent a front end that renders HTML pages, another module might represent a login database, and another module might represent a mailbox program.
- a port is a service access point for the module. All communications into and out of the module go through a port.
- a wire is the logical binding that defines an allowed communication route between two ports.
- a store is a basic unit of storage and a specialization of the module.
- a store represents a logical amount of storage, which may be implemented by any number of physical disks or other storage media.
- the store represents behavior, in this case, the ability to save and retrieve data.
- the store can communicate with other modules and stores through ports and wires.
- a store differs from a module in that it is labeled with additional attributes such as the amount of storage required, required access speed, or a minimum number of outstanding storage requests. The store extends the model by adding a specialized type of module with additional semantic information.
- the model can be further augmented with ports extensions.
- an event source and an event sink are used for discrete semantic messaging between modules and module extensions, such as stores.
- Event sinks are specialized ports in that they are communication access points between model components, but with additional semantics, namely the specific events.
- the model can also be augmented with wires extensions.
- an event wire is a logical connection between event sources and event sinks, and carries event messages used to inform modules and implement policy. While most wire extensions allow communication at run time, it is possible for some wire extensions to transfer data only at compile or initialization time.
- the model components are arranged and interconnected to form a scale-independent model of the application. Each component specifies some functionality of the application.
- the deployment system uses the logical model to automatically deploy various computer/software resources to implement the application.
- the deployment system converts each of the model components into one or more instances that correspond to physical resources.
- the resources correspond to computer nodes of a distributed computer system that are loaded with specific types of software to implement the function represented by the model components.
- the deployment system initially installs the application and then dynamically and automatically modifies the resources used to implement the application in an ongoing basis as the operating parameters of the application change.
- the deployment system includes a service running state to store the logical model and track instances of the model components as they are created (or destroyed).
- a resource manager tracks the computer nodes available for allocation and tracks the nodes as they are allocated to correlate the nodes with the instances.
- the deployment system further includes a loader to load software onto newly allocated computer nodes to implement the logical functions represented by the model components.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a conventional Internet data center (IDC).
- IDC Internet data center
- FIG. 2 illustrates a set of model components that form the building blocks for modeling an Internet Service, along with the associated schema.
- FIG. 3 illustrates a database application for an Internet Service that is modeled in terms of the components.
- FIG. 4 illustrates an Internet-based email Internet Service.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a computer that may be used to implement the modeling software for modeling an Internet Service.
- FIG. 6 is a flow diagram of a process for modeling an Internet Service.
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a deployment system that converts a logical model to a fully functioning physical implementation
- FIG. 8 illustrates a translation of the logical model into real-world instances.
- FIG. 9 illustrates exemplary data records of an instance database used to store the real-world instances.
- FIG. 10 is a flow diagram of a process for deploying resources for the application based on the logical model.
- a design system for designing applications of distributed computer systems includes a modeling system and a deployment system.
- the modeling system permits developers of applications for distributed computer systems (e.g., server data centers, Internet data centers (IDCs), Web farms, and the like) to architect the hardware and software in an abstract manner.
- the modeling system defines a set of components used to describe the functionality of an application in a logical, scale-independent manner.
- An “application” within this context refers to an entire service hosted on the distributed computers.
- an Internet data center may host a Website for an online retailer, where the application entails the entire software and hardware configuration that implements the online retailer's Internet presence.
- the application might include, for example, a front end to handle client requests, an order processing system, a billing system, an inventory system, and a database system.
- the model components are arranged and interconnected to form a scale-independent model of the application. Each component specifies some functionality of the application.
- the model can then be used to construct a scalable physical blueprint in terms of which machines run which pieces of software to form the application.
- the deployment system uses the logical model to deploy various computer/software resources in real-time as the applications need them.
- the deployment system converts each of the model components into one or more instances that correspond to physical resources.
- the deployment system tracks the instances and all available resources.
- the deployment system decides when resources should be added (or removed) and monitors the current state of implementation.
- the deployment system installs the application and then dynamically and automatically modifies the resources used to implement the application in an ongoing basis as the operating parameters of the application change.
- the design system is described in the context of Internet Services and Websites, such as might be deployed in Internet data centers, because modeling Internet Services represents one suitable use of the system.
- the design system may be implemented to model other large size and scalable applications for computer systems. Accordingly, the design system can be implemented in a wide variety of ways, including Internet-based implementations and non-Internet-based implementations.
- the modeling system defines several model components that form the building blocks of a logical, scale-independent application: a module, a port, and a wire. It also defines a set of model extensions including, but not limited to: a store, an event source, an event sink, and an event wire.
- the components are represented pictorially as graphical elements or symbols that may be arranged and interconnected to create scale-independent models of Website applications.
- the graphical elements have an associated schema that dictates how the functional operations being represented by the graphical elements are to be specified.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a set of model components 200 that form the building blocks of logical, scale-independent Internet Services.
- the components include a module, as represented by modules 202 (A)- 202 (C), ports 206 , wires 208 , and extensions such as a store 204 , event sources 210 , event sinks 212 , and event wires 214 .
- the components 200 are arranged in a no particular manner other than to foster discussion of their individual traits.
- a module 202 represents a basic unit of functionality for the Internet Service. It is a logical entity that represents some portion of the application as might be deployed at the IDC, but it does not necessarily have a physical manifestation.
- the module often corresponds to a software program that handles a logical set of tasks for the Service. For instance, one module might represent a front end for a Website, another module might represent a login database, and another module might represent an electronic mail program.
- Each module 202 is a container of behavior.
- a simple module is indivisible and has associated a unique identifier. Modules can be nested into a hierarchy of modules to form more complex behaviors. In a module hierarchy, the leaf modules are simple modules, and the non-leaf modules are compound modules.
- Each module 202 defines a unit of scaling. While one module logically represents a functional operation of the Service, the module may be deployed to any number of computers when actually implemented. In this way, the module is scale-independent, allowing the number of underlying computers used to implement the module to change at over time.
- module instances When converted to a physical implementation, “module instances” are created from the modules. The module instances are assigned a unique identifier and maintain ancestral data regarding which module created them. The module instances of simple modules are often called “engines”, which are software programs that run on an individual computer.
- Extensions to the model are additional components that specialize the role, behavior, and possibly graphical representation of the base components.
- Exemplary extensions include, but are not limited to, store 204 , event source 210 , event sink 212 , and event wire 214 .
- a store 204 is the most basic unit of storage. It represents a logical storage partition, which may be implemented by any number of physical disks or other storage media.
- a port 206 is a service access point (SAP) for a module 202 or store 204 . All service-related communications into and out of a module go through a port 206 .
- SAP service access point
- Each port 206 has a “type”, which is a set of attributes describing format, semantics, protocol, and so forth.
- the port represents a set of physical ports associated with the instantiated engines of the modules. Note that a given module might have any number of ports representing different services or functionality provided by the module.
- a wire 208 is the logical binding that defines an allowable communication route between two ports 206 .
- Each wire 208 can be type-checked (i.e., with respect to protocols, roles) and defines protocol configuration constraints (e.g., HTTP requires TCP, TCP requires IP, etc.).
- Event sources 210 and event sinks 212 are used for discrete semantic messaging between modules and module extensions, such as stores.
- An event wire 214 is a logical connection between sources and sinks, and carries event messages used to inform modules or module extensions and implement policy (e.g., scaling, fail-over, monitoring, application processes, etc.).
- the event sources 210 and event sinks 212 together with the ports 206 , collectively form interfaces for communications to and from the modules 202 and module extensions, such as stores 204 .
- the event sources and sinks may be implemented as ports that are configured for message handling.
- the model components 200 are depicted as graphical icons or symbols that may be selected and interconnected using a modeling system (described below in more detail).
- the modules 202 are depicted as blocks
- the store 204 is depicted as a disk storage icon
- the ports 206 are depicted as spherical knobs projecting from the modules or module extensions, such as stores.
- the wires 208 are depicted as bold lines
- the event sources 210 are depicted as triangles pointing away from the module or module extension
- the event sinks 212 are depicted as triangles pointing toward the module or module extension
- the event wire 214 is depicted as a dashed line.
- the graphical icons have an associated schema that dictates how the functional operations being represented by the icons are to be specified.
- a module icon may have a predefined schema that specifies the hardware and software resources used to implement the functionality represented by the module.
- a module for a database function might have characteristics pertaining to the kind of database (e.g., relational), the data structure (e.g., tables, relationships), software (e.g., SQL), software version, and so forth.
- FIG. 2 also illustrates the schema underlying the graphical elements as exemplary data structures associated with the model components.
- Module 202 (A) has an associated structure 220 that contains various characteristics for the module, such as functionality, processing requirements, software, and so forth.
- Modules 202 (B) and 202 (C) have similar structures (not shown).
- Model extensions also have associated structures.
- the store 204 has a corresponding structure 222 that defines the requirements for storage.
- the store schema structure 222 might include, for example, the kind of storage (e.g., disk), the storage format, and so on.
- Each port 206 has a schema structure, as represented by structure 224 , which dictates the port's type.
- Each wire 208 is also associated with a schema structure, such as structure 226 , which outlines the protocols implemented by the connection. Similar schema structures may also be provide for event sources event sinks, and event wires.
- a developer can logically describe and configure scale-independent Internet Service prior to physically laying them out in Internet data centers.
- the developer drafts a model using a user interface to select and interconnect the model components.
- the modeling software Once constructed, the modeling software generates the Internet Service based on the depicted model and the underlying schema.
- the Service may subsequently be converted into a physical blueprint that details the computers and software needed to implement the Service for a specified number of clients.
- the scale-invariant nature of the modeling system allows Internet Service developers to focus only on designing software for a specific functional task (e.g., front end, login database, email program, etc.). All external communications can then be expressed in terms of transmitting to and receiving from one or more associated ports. In this manner, the Service developers need not worry about how many machines will be used to run the module, or how other modules of the scale-independent Internet Service are being configured.
- FIG. 3 shows a fault-tolerant SQL (structure query language) database module 300 to demonstrate how the model components may be organized and connected to represent a portion of an application.
- the database module 300 represents a SQL database that may be used independently or as a component in a larger application.
- the SQL database module 300 has a module interface composed of a single port 302 that implements the TDS (Tabular Data Stream) protocol.
- the SQL database module 300 is a compound module made up of three simple modules: a fail-over policy module 310 , a primary SQL module 312 , and a secondary SQL module 314 .
- the primary and secondary SQL modules represent dual programs that operate in parallel so that, in the event that the primary module 312 crashes, the secondary module 314 can assume the role without loss of service.
- the database module 300 also has a data store 316 that represents the memory storage for the SQL database module.
- the primary SQL module 312 has a module interface that includes a first port 320 for communicating with the compound module port 302 and a second port 322 for communicating with the store 316 .
- the primary SQL module 312 also has an event source 324 and an event sink 326 for handling event messages from the fail-over policy module 310 .
- the secondary SQL module 314 has a module interface with a first port 330 for communicating with the compound module port 302 , a second port 332 for communicating with the store 316 , and an event sink 334 for receiving events from the fail-over policy module 310 .
- a wire 336 interconnects the external compound module port 302 with the ports 320 and 330 of the primary and secondary SQL modules, respectively.
- the store 316 has a port 340 to communicate with the primary 312 and secondary 314 SQL modules and an event sink 342 to receive event messages from the fail-over policy module 310 .
- a wire 344 interconnects the store port 340 with the ports 322 and 332 of the primary and secondary SQL modules, respectively.
- the fail-over policy module 310 has a module interface that includes three event sources and one event sink.
- An event sink 350 receives a “fail” event from the event source 324 of the primary SQL module 312 via an event wire 352 when the primary SQL module experiences some failure.
- the fail-over policy module 310 concurrently issues a first event to stop the failed primary module 312 , another event to assign the secondary module 314 as the new owner of the store 316 , and a third event to start the secondary module 314 .
- the “stop” event is issued via an event source 354 over an event wire 356 to the event sink 326 of the primary SQL module 312 .
- the “stop” event directs the primary SQL module 312 to halt operation.
- the fail-over policy module 310 issues an “assign owner” (AO) event from an event source 358 , over the event wire 360 to the event sink 342 of the store 316 .
- the assign owner event directs the storage mechanisms to switch to allowing access by the secondary SQL module 314 , rather than the primary SQL module 312 .
- the fail-over policy module 310 also issues a “start” event from event source 362 over event wire 364 to the event sink 334 of the secondary module 314 .
- the start event directs the secondary SQL module to start operation in place of the primary SQL module.
- the SQL database module 300 illustrates how the base model components and exemplary model extensions-modules, ports, wires, stores, event sources, event sinks, and event wires-may be arranged and interconnected to form a complex module.
- the developer specifies the characteristics associated with each component according to the prescribed schema.
- the complex module may in turn be added to other simple or complex modules to form other complex modules.
- the largest complex module becomes the Internet Service, which may then be used to form a blueprint for deploying to the data center.
- FIG. 4 shows a simplified application 400 for an online retailer.
- the application 400 includes a front end module 402 , a catalog module 404 , an order processing module 406 , and a fulfillment module 408 .
- the application 400 also includes a customer database 410 and the fault-tolerant SQL database module 300 . Notice that the SQL database module 300 is the same as that shown in FIG. 3 to illustrate how complex modules can be nested into even greater complex modules to form an application.
- the front end module 402 handles requests from clients who wish to shop with the online retailer.
- the front end module 402 has a port 420 that accommodates communications with external clients using the TCP/IP protocol over the Internet.
- the front end module 402 also has an order port 422 to define a communication exchange with the order processing module 406 and a catalog port 424 for communication flow to the catalog module 404 .
- the ports 422 and 424 may be configured according to any of a variety of types, which support any of a number of protocols including SOAP, TCP, or UDP.
- An event sink 426 is also provided to receive a “new product” message from the catalog module 404 when a new product has been added to the catalog.
- the catalog module 404 provides catalog information that may be served by the front end to the requesting clients.
- the catalog module 404 has a front end port 430 connected via a wire 432 to the catalog port 424 of the front end module 402 .
- the front end port 430 has a type that matches the catalog port 424 .
- the catalog module 404 also has an event source 434 for communicating the “new product” messages over wire 436 to the event sink 426 of the front end module 402 .
- a SQL port 438 interfaces the catalog module 404 with the SQL database module 300 .
- the SQL port 438 has a type that utilizes the TDS protocol for the communication exchange with the external port 302 of the SQL database 300 .
- the order processing module 406 has a front end port 440 to define a communication interface with the front end module 402 via a wire 442 .
- the order processing module 406 also has a fulfillment port 444 to facilitate communication with the fulfillment module 408 over wire 446 and a database port 448 to facilitate communication with the customer database 410 via wire 450 .
- An event source 452 is provided at the order processing module 406 to pass “order complete” events to the fulfillment module 408 via wire 454 . These events inform the fulfillment module 408 that an order is complete and ready to be filled.
- a second event source 456 passes “new account” events to the customer database 410 via wire 458 whenever a new customer orders a product.
- the fulfillment module 408 has an order port 460 to provide access to the wire 446 to the order processing module 406 and a database port 462 to interface with the customer database 410 .
- the fulfillment module 408 also has an event sink 464 to receive the “order complete” events from the order processing module 406 .
- the customer database 410 has an order port 470 to provide access to wire 450 and a fulfillment port 472 to facilitate communication with the fulfillment module 408 via wire 474 .
- the customer database 410 further has an event sink 476 to receive the “new account” events from the order processing module 406 .
- the modeling approach illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4 is tremendously beneficial because it allows developers and IDC operators to view the entire Internet Service in terms of functional pieces independent of deployment scale.
- the online retailer Internet Service 400 for example, requires a front end unit, a catalog unit, an order processing unit, and a fulfillment unit regardless of whether the retailer is handling 100 hits a day or 10 million hits per day.
- the scale-independent nature frees the developer to focus on his/her little piece of the Serivce.
- a developer assigned the task of building the front end module 402 need only be concerned with writing software code to facilitate response/reply exchanges.
- Any communication to and from the module is defined in terms of order-related data being passed to the order processing module 406 via the order port 422 and product data being received from the catalog module 404 via the catalog port 424 .
- the developer defines the data flow to and from the order port 422 and the catalog port 424 according to their respective associated protocol types.
- the Internet Service 400 can then be used to construct a computer system that hosts the online retailer.
- the online retailer may not receive very much traffic, especially if launched away from the Christmas season. So, perhaps the front end module 402 deploys initially to only a few computers to handle the light traffic from the Internet. But, suppose that over time the site becomes more popular and the Christmas season is fast approaching. In this situation, the online retailer may authorize the IDC operator to add many more computers for the front end tasks. These computers are equipped with software and configured to accept HTTP requests for product information and to serve Web pages containing the product information. The computers are added (or removed) as needed, without altering the basic description of the Internet Service 400 .
- FIG. 5 shows an exemplary computer system 500 that implements modeling software used to design Internet Services.
- the modeling computer may be implemented as one of the nodes in a Internet Service, or as a separate computer not included as one of the nodes.
- the modeling computer has a processor 502 , volatile memory 504 (e.g., RAM), and non-volatile memory 506 (e.g., ROM, Flash, hard disk, optical, RAID memory, etc.).
- volatile memory 504 e.g., RAM
- non-volatile memory 506 e.g., ROM, Flash, hard disk, optical, RAID memory, etc.
- the modeling computer 500 runs an operating system 510 and modeling system 512 .
- operating system 510 and modeling system 512 are illustrated as discrete blocks stored in the non-volatile memory 506 , although it is recognized that such programs and components reside at various times in different storage components of the computer 500 and are executed by the processor 502 .
- these software components are stored in non-volatile memory 506 and from there, are loaded at least partially into the volatile main memory 504 for execution on the processor 502 .
- the modeling system 512 includes a user interface 514 (e.g., a graphical UI) that presents the pictorial icons of the model components 516 (e.g., modules, ports, sources, sinks, etc.), a component schema database 518 , a logical-to-physical converter 520 , and an instance-tracking database 522 .
- the modeling system 512 allows a developer to design an Internet Service by defining modules, ports, wires, and event message schemes.
- the user interface 514 presents symbols of the components 516 , such as the symbols shown in FIGS. 2-4 , and permits the developer to arrange and interconnect them.
- the UI 514 may even support conventional UI techniques as drag-and-drop operations.
- the symbols depicted on the screen represent an underlying schema 518 that is used to define the model.
- a block-like module symbol is associated with the characteristics of the functionality that the module is to represent in the Internet Service.
- the developer may define a database module that has characteristics pertaining to the kind of database (e.g., relational), the data structure (e.g., tables, relationships), software (e.g., SQL), software version, and so forth. Accordingly, by drafting the model on the UI, the developer is architecting the entire schema that will be used to design the scale-independent Internet Service.
- the logical-to-physical converter 520 converts the Service to a physical blueprint that details the number of computers, software components, physical ports, and so forth.
- the converter takes various parameters-such as how many site visitors are expected, memory requirements, bandwidth requirements, processing capabilities, and the like—and scales the Internet Service according to the schema 518 created by the developer.
- the converter 520 specifies the number of computers needed to implement each module, the number of disks to accommodate the stores, and the types of communications protocols among the modules and stores.
- the identity of every component instance is recorded in an instance-tracking database 522 . Instances in the instance-tracking database 522 include those for modules, port, wires, and instances of model extensions such as stores, event ports, and event wires.
- the developer writes management policy, which issues commands on the schema 518 to create new instances of modules, port, and wires to deploy the Internet Service. Developers may choose to write management policy instead of using fully automatic logical-to-physical converter 520 when they want finer control over the growth and management of the Internet Service.
- the management code issues commands using the namespace defined by the schema 518 , but the commands operate on individual module, port, and wire instances. The commands are still dispatched through the converter 520 , which allocates nodes to the management policy. Whether operating automatically or driven by management policy code, the converter 520 records in the instance-tracking database 522 the individual instances of modules, port, and wires.
- the modeling system changes the development effort from a node-centric approach for architecting Internet Services to an application-centric approach.
- the focus was on the computers and how they were laid out.
- the Internet Service was then loaded onto the nodes in an ad hoc manner.
- the focus is initially on the Internet Service itself.
- the physical nodes used to implement the Internet Service are derived in terms of the Service schema once it is specified.
- the instance-tracking database 522 gives both developers and operators information about how many instances of each module are running at any time and how the modules are connected using port instances and wires instances within the Service schema.
- FIG. 6 shows a method for modeling a scale-independent Internet Service.
- the method 600 may be implemented, for example, by the modeling system 512 executing on the modeling computer 500 .
- the method is implemented in software that, when executed on computer 500 , performs the operations illustrated as blocks in FIG. 6 .
- the modeling system 512 allows the developer to define the modules and extensions, such as stores, that form the functional elements of the Internet Service.
- the UI 514 enables the developer to create modules and extensions, such as stores, and to define their characteristics as prescribed by a predetermined schema. This entry process begins to construct the logical building blocks of the Service.
- the modeling system 512 enables the developer to define the ports for the modules and module extensions, such as stores.
- the developer selects the type of ports.
- the modeling system ensures compatibility of ports that are connected to one another.
- the developer also defines other extensions, such as events that may be passed among modules and module extensions, such as stores. For example, the developer creates event sources and event sinks to accommodate the various events.
- the developer uses the modeling system 512 to interconnect the ports with wires and the port extensions, such as event sources/sinks with wire extensions, such as event wires.
- the modeling system 512 generates an Internet Service using the graphical representation constructed by the developer through its associated schema.
- the modeling system 512 generates the logical specifications associated with the graphical model, including the characteristics of the modules and module extensions, such as stores, as well as the types of the ports and port extensions, such as event sources/sinks.
- the Internet Service provides a complete logical representation of the Service that will eventually be implemented at the Internet data center.
- the Internet Service description may be stored on disk or some other form of computer-readable medium (block 612 ).
- the modeling system 512 converts the Internet Service description to a physical blueprint that specifies the computers, the software run by each of the computers, and the interconnections among the computers. This physical blueprint may be used by the operator to install and manage the Internet Service.
- an automatic computer-based deployment system uses the logical model to deploy various computer/software resources to implement the Internet Service.
- the deployment system converts each of the model components into one or more instances that correspond to physical resources, such as nodes of a distributed computer system that are loaded with specific types of software to implement the function represented by the model components.
- the deployment system initially installs an Internet Service in the physical resources according to the logical model. It then dynamically and automatically modifies the resources used to implement the Internet Service in an ongoing basis as the operating parameters of the application change.
- the deployment system installs an Internet Service under the direction of management policy code authored by the Service developers.
- the deployment system When operated under the direction of management code, the deployment system creates instances as instructed by the management code.
- the management code assumes partial or complete responsibility for monitoring the Service and determining when instances should be created and destroyed.
- FIG. 7 shows a deployment system 700 that converts the logical model to a fully functioning physical implementation.
- the deployment system 700 includes management policy 702 , a core logical-to-physical converter 704 , and hardware/software resources 706 that are all interconnected via a wireless and/or wire-based communication network 708 (e.g., a LAN, a WAN, intranet, Internet, combinations thereof, etc.).
- the hardware/software resources are illustrated as computer nodes of a distributed computer system, as represented by computers 706 ( 1 ), 706 ( 2 ), . . . , 706 (N).
- the management policy 702 and core converter 704 may be implemented on one or more computers, which may or may not be part of the nodes in the distributed computer system.
- the deployment system 700 is described in the context of an Internet Service that is executed at an Internet data center having an abundance of generic computer nodes.
- the nodes can be allocated to one or more Internet Services from a reserve pool of nodes, as illustrated in FIG. 1 .
- the management policy 702 implements one or more policies devised by the developer or operator of the Internet Service.
- the policies specify when instances derived from the logical model should be created, manipulated, and destroyed.
- the management policy monitors various events generated by the nodes and implements policy decisions regarding how to handle the events. By specifying when and which instances should be created (or destroyed), the management policy 702 effectively dictates when hardware/software resources 706 should be added (or removed) to support the changing demands of the Internet Service.
- the core converter 704 implements the policy decisions made by the management policy 702 .
- the runtime converter 704 has a service running state 710 that tracks all instances of the model components currently in existence. That is, the service running state 710 tracks the elements in the physical world with respect to the logical model.
- the service running state 710 maintains a copy of the logical model, such as online retailing model 400 of FIG. 4 .
- the logical model is created by the modeling system described above with respect to FIGS. 5 and 6 .
- the current instances are maintained in the instance-tracking database 522 .
- the records in instance-tracking database 522 include such information as identity of the instance, the name of the logical component from which it is derived, the node on which it is running, the network addresses representing the ports of the modules and module extensions, such as stores, type of software loaded on the node, various protocols supported by the instance, and so forth.
- the instance-tracking database 522 tracks not only module instances, but also port instances, wire instances, and can also track instances of extensions such as stores, event ports, and event wires.
- the instances are derived from the logical model.
- the management policy 702 articulates the number of instances of each model component used to implement the Internet Service at any given time. For example, suppose the Internet Service requires one hundred computers to effectively implement a front end that handles site traffic at 99.9% efficiency with each computer running at 70% utilization. The management policy 702 might further specify that more computers should be added if some policy threshold is met (e.g., efficiency rating drops below some threshold or computer utilization rises above some threshold) or removed if another threshold is met.
- some policy threshold e.g., efficiency rating drops below some threshold or computer utilization rises above some threshold
- a resource manager 716 tracks all of the physical resources available to the Internet Service. These resources include computer nodes, storage, software, and so forth. Records identifying all of the resources are kept in the resource database 718 . For instance, there might be one record for each computer node, storage device, and software module in the Internet data center. The records contain such information as the identity of the allocated nodes, computing characteristics and capabilities, the application(s) to which they are allocated, the date and time of allocation, and so forth.
- the resource manager 716 allocates the resources as needed or requested by the Internet Service according to the policy implemented by the policy manager 702 . The allocation depends upon the availability of resources at the time of request. The resource manager 716 may also recover resources that are no longer needed by the Internet Service and return the resources to the pool of available resources.
- the resource manager 716 Upon allocation (or recovery) of a resource, the resource manager 716 posts a record to the resource database 718 reflecting which resource is allocated to (or recovered from) which Internet Service. As an example, when an Internet Service desires more nodes for the front end tasks, the resource manager 716 allocates one or more free nodes from the pool of resources to the Internet service.
- the core logical-to-physical converter 704 manages the creation of new instances in the physical world from the model components specified in the logical model 400 through a loader 722 .
- a loader 722 carries out the configuration of newly allocated resources to the functions dictated by the new instances.
- the management policy 720 communicates with the resource manager 716 to allocate a node from the resource pool and with the loader 722 to load the appropriate software programs onto the node.
- the node loader 732 performs the actual loading tasks specified by the loader 722 in the core converter 704 . It is the local code on an otherwise generic node to which the runtime loader 722 may communicate when configuring the node.
- FIG. 8 shows an example of a portion of the logical model 400 of FIG. 4 being converted into actual instances.
- the front end module 402 and the order processing module 406 are extracted from the online retailer service application 400 ( FIG. 4 ).
- a wire 442 interconnects the two modules by logically coupling the ports 422 and 440 .
- the front end module 402 in the logical model translates to one or more computer nodes in the physical world that runs software for handling client queries. These physical instances are represented diagrammatically by the rectangles with ovals.
- the front end module 402 is converted into multiple front end instances 800 ( 1 ), 800 ( 2 ), 800 ( 3 ), . . . , 800 (J), which each corresponds in one-to-one fashion with a computer node loaded with software used to implement the front end of the service.
- the order processing module 406 translates to one or more computer nodes that run a program for processing client orders. In FIG. 8 , the order processing module 406 is converted into plural order processing instances 802 ( 1 ), 802 ( 2 ), . . . , 802 (K).
- the ports 422 and 440 represent network ports with protocols and roles within protocols in the logical world. They translate to the physical world as a set of network addresses used to communicate with the software at the respective modules. For instance, the physical translation of a logical port 422 might be IP Port 804 ( n ), using HTTP (hypertext transport protocol). In FIG. 8 , one logical port in the logical model is converted to a port address for each instance of the module. Logical port 422 converts into physical address ports 804 ( 1 )- 804 (J) and logical port 440 converts into physical ports 806 ( 1 )- 806 (K).
- the wire 442 represents a set of ports with allowable communication connections. It translates to a physical mesh of all possible communication wires between the instances of each port.
- the maximum number of physical lines created from one wire 442 is determined as the cross product of the number of instances of each port.
- the wire 442 can convert to a physical connection between every port instance 804 ( 1 )- 804 (J) of the front end module 402 and every port instance 806 ( 1 )- 806 (K) of the order processing module 406 .
- the number of actual physical connections created from the wire 442 is determined by the management policy 702 .
- FIG. 9 illustrates exemplary records 900 in the instance-tracking database 522 that tracks the instances derived from the logical model 400 .
- the database is a relational database that stores records in tables, and the records may be linked to one another via relationships.
- Each table holds one record for a corresponding instance of the logical model.
- Each record has a number of fields relating to the type of information that is being tracked for each instance.
- the module table 902 tracks instances of modules in the logical model. There is one record for each module instance. Thus, with respect to the front end module of FIG. 8 , there are “J” records in the module table 902 corresponding to the “J” front end instances 800 ( 1 )- 800 (J). Each record in the module table 902 contains an instance ID to identify the individual instance, an identity of the module component from which the instance is derived, a node ID to identify the computer node to which the instance is associated, the type of software loaded on the node to implement the module functionality, a software ID, an identity of the various ports to the modules, and various protocols supported by the module instance. It is noted that other implementations may include additional fields or fewer fields than those illustrated.
- the port table 904 tracks instances of the port in the logical model, such as ports 422 and 440 in FIG. 8 .
- a record from this table includes such information as the port ID, the model component identity, a node ID, the network address represented by the port, the instance ID of the corresponding instance, the protocol used by the port, and an ID of the wire to which the port is connected. Again, more or fewer fields may be used in other implementations.
- the wire table 906 tracks instances of the wires in the logical model, such as wire 442 in FIG. 8 .
- a record in the wire table includes a wire ID, a model component identity, the protocol supported by the wire, and information to identify each of the ports on the wire, such as a node ID, a port ID, and an instance ID.
- the three tables can be correlated with one another via various relationships.
- the module table 902 and the port table 904 are related by various data fields, such as the port ID field and the instance ID field.
- the wire table 906 correlates with the port table 904 via wire ID and port ID and with the module table 902 via instance ID.
- the tables have a node ID field that provides a reference into the resource database by identifying which node the instance is associated with.
- FIG. 10 shows a method 1000 for deploying resources for an Internet Service based on the logical model.
- the method 1000 is implemented by the deployment system 700 of FIG. 7 and hence can be embodied as software that, when executed on one or more computers, performs the operations illustrated as blocks in FIG. 10 .
- the management policy 702 monitors various operating parameters and listens for events from the individual nodes 706 or the core logical-to-physical converter 704 .
- the management policy 702 evaluates the parameters and events against the policy backdrop to determine whether the current physical implementation is satisfactorily supporting the Internet Service, or whether a new instance of some component should be added (block 1004 ). It is noted that the continuing process is described in the context of adding a new instance. However, the policy may alternatively dictate that one or more instances should be removed. Removal of instances is somewhat easier in that instances are deleted from the instance-tracking database 522 and the computer nodes are returned to the additional pool for reallocation.
- the management policy 702 consults the service running state 710 to understand the current number and arrangement of instances (block 1006 ).
- the management policy 702 can request various types of information of the service running state 710 , such as:
- the management policy 702 can request information on a particular module in the logical model 400 . For example, assume that an event has been received from a front end node indicating that the utilization has risen to above 90%. In response, a policy specifying the addition of another instance at such utilization levels is triggered. The management policy 702 asks the service running state 710 how many instances of the front end module currently exist, and information regarding how to specify an instance for the front end module.
- the management policy 702 calls the resource manager 716 to request allocation of a new node (assuming one is available).
- the resource manager 716 examines the resources using data from the resource database 718 and allocates a new node that is currently available from a pool of free nodes.
- the resource manager 716 records the allocation in the resource database 718 , identifying which node is allocated, what application it is being allocated to, the date and time that it is allocated, and so forth.
- the management policy 702 calls the loader 722 to install software onto the allocated node and configure the node to perform the functions represented by the logical module from which the instance is created.
- the loader 722 initializes the node by communicating with the node loader 732 of the new node via the network 708 to install the appropriate software; such an operation might install an image of an operating system (e.g., Windows NT server operating system from Microsoft Corporation).
- the loader 722 then loads the appropriate software and configures the node to perform the functions represented by the logical model component from which the instance is derived. For example, for an instance of an SQL module in the logical model 400 , the node loader 732 loads SQL server software.
- the loader 722 registers the physical port addresses with the service running state 710 , which records the new instance in the instance-tracking database 522 .
- the service running state 710 is notified when the newly allocated and configured node is up and running.
- the service running state 710 records a new instance of the logical model in the instance-tracking database 522 .
- the record reflects an ID of the instance, the name of the logical component from which it is derived, the allocated node, the network addresses of the node, software type and IDs, various protocols supported by the instance, and so on.
- the management policy 702 is notified by the core logical-to-physical converter 704 that a new instance is up and running.
- the new instance should relieve the event or operating condition to bring operation back into compliance with the policy.
Abstract
Description
- This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/696,707, filed on Oct. 24, 2000, entitled “System and Method for Designing a Logical Model of a Distributed Computer System and Deploying Physical Resources According to the Logical Model” and naming Robert Welland, Galen Hunt, Aamer Hydrie, Steven Levi, Jakob Rehof and Bassam Tabbara as inventors, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference.
- This invention relates to distributed computer systems, such as Internet-based Services or Websites. More particularly, this invention pertains to a way to convert a logical, scale-independent model of an application for a distributed computer system to an actual physical configuration.
- It is no secret that Internet usage has exploded over the past few years and continues to grow rapidly. People have become very comfortable with many services offered on the World Wide Web (or simply “Web”), such as electronic mail, online shopping, gathering news and information, listening to music, viewing video clips, looking for jobs, and so forth. To keep pace with the growing demand for Internet-based services, there has been tremendous growth in the computer systems dedicated to hosting Websites, providing backend services for those sites, and storing data associated with the sites.
- One type of distributed computer system is an Internet data center (IDC), which is a specifically designed complex that houses many computers for hosting Internet-based services. IDCs, which also go by the names “Webfarms” and “server farms”, typically house hundreds to thousands of computers in climate-controlled, physically secure buildings. These computers are interconnected to run one or more programs supporting one or more Internet services or Websites. IDCs provide reliable Internet access, reliable power supplies, and a secure operating environment.
-
FIG. 1 shows anInternet data center 100. It hasmany server computers 102 arranged in a specially constructed room. The computers are general-purpose computers, typically configured as servers. An Internet data center may be constructed to house a single site for a single entity (e.g., a data center for Yahoo! or MSN), or to accommodate multiple sites for multiple entities (e.g., an Exodus center that host sites for multiple companies). - The IDC 100 is illustrated with three entities that share the computer resources: entity A, entity B, and entity C. These entities represent various companies that want a presence on the Web. The IDC 100 has a pool of
additional computers 104 that may be used by the entities at times of heavy traffic. For example, an entity engaged in online retailing may experience significantly more demand during the Christmas season. The additional computers give the IDC flexibility to meet this demand. - While there are often many computers, an Internet service or Website may only run a few programs. For instance, one Website may have 2000-3000 computers that run only 10-20 distinct software components. Computers may be added daily to provide scalability as the Website receives increasingly more visitors, but the underlying programs change less frequently. Rather, there are simply more computers running the same software in parallel to accommodate the increased volume of visitors.
- Today, there is no conventional way to architect Internet Services in a way that abstracts the functionality of the Service from the underlying physical deployment. Little thought has gone into how to describe a complete Internet Service in any manner, let alone a scale-invariant manner. At best, Internet Service operators might draft a document that essentially shows each and every computer, software program, storage device, communication link, and operational relationship in the Website as of a specific time and date. The downside with such physical schematics is, of course, that the document is always out of date, must be updated as the Service grows in physical resources and hence, it is of limited usefulness as a management tool. Furthermore, while a human may understand such a document, it holds no meaning to a computer.
- Moreover, managing the physical resources of the distributed computer system for an Internet Service is difficult today. Decisions such as when to add (or remove) computers to carry out portions of the Internet Service are made by human operators. Often times, these decisions are made based on the operators' experience in running the Internet Service. Unfortunately, with the rapid growth of services, there is a shortage of qualified operators who can make real-time decisions affecting the operation of a Website. Accordingly, it would be beneficial if some of the managerial aspects of running a Internet service could be automated.
- A system facilitates the design and implementation of large-scale distributed computer applications, such as Internet Services and Websites. The applications are implemented as software distributed over many interconnected computer nodes, such as server data centers, Internet data centers (IDCs), Web farms, and the like.
- The system has a modeling system and a deployment system. The modeling system permits developers to architect the hardware and software used to implement the applications in an abstract manner. The modeling system defines a set of components used to describe the functionality of an application in a logical, scale-independent manner. In the described implementation, the modeling system defines several model components: a module, a port, and a wire. The model also admits an unlimited set of model extensions including, but not limited to stores, event sources, event sinks, and event wires.
- The module is the basic functional unit and represents a container of behavior that may be implemented by one or more computers running one or more software programs. For instance, in the context of a Website, one module might represent a front end that renders HTML pages, another module might represent a login database, and another module might represent a mailbox program. A port is a service access point for the module. All communications into and out of the module go through a port. A wire is the logical binding that defines an allowed communication route between two ports.
- While the model consists of the three basic components described above (namely modules, ports, and wires), the model can be augmented with numerous extensions, specializations of the basic components. For example, a store is a basic unit of storage and a specialization of the module. A store represents a logical amount of storage, which may be implemented by any number of physical disks or other storage media. Like the module, the store represents behavior, in this case, the ability to save and retrieve data. Also like the module, the store can communicate with other modules and stores through ports and wires. A store differs from a module in that it is labeled with additional attributes such as the amount of storage required, required access speed, or a minimum number of outstanding storage requests. The store extends the model by adding a specialized type of module with additional semantic information.
- The model can be further augmented with ports extensions. For example, an event source and an event sink are used for discrete semantic messaging between modules and module extensions, such as stores. Event sinks are specialized ports in that they are communication access points between model components, but with additional semantics, namely the specific events.
- The model can also be augmented with wires extensions. For example, an event wire is a logical connection between event sources and event sinks, and carries event messages used to inform modules and implement policy. While most wire extensions allow communication at run time, it is possible for some wire extensions to transfer data only at compile or initialization time.
- The model components are arranged and interconnected to form a scale-independent model of the application. Each component specifies some functionality of the application.
- Once a logical model is created, the deployment system uses the logical model to automatically deploy various computer/software resources to implement the application. The deployment system converts each of the model components into one or more instances that correspond to physical resources. As one example, the resources correspond to computer nodes of a distributed computer system that are loaded with specific types of software to implement the function represented by the model components. The deployment system initially installs the application and then dynamically and automatically modifies the resources used to implement the application in an ongoing basis as the operating parameters of the application change.
- In one implementation, the deployment system includes a service running state to store the logical model and track instances of the model components as they are created (or destroyed). A resource manager tracks the computer nodes available for allocation and tracks the nodes as they are allocated to correlate the nodes with the instances. The deployment system further includes a loader to load software onto newly allocated computer nodes to implement the logical functions represented by the model components.
-
FIG. 1 illustrates a conventional Internet data center (IDC). -
FIG. 2 illustrates a set of model components that form the building blocks for modeling an Internet Service, along with the associated schema. -
FIG. 3 illustrates a database application for an Internet Service that is modeled in terms of the components. -
FIG. 4 illustrates an Internet-based email Internet Service. -
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a computer that may be used to implement the modeling software for modeling an Internet Service. -
FIG. 6 is a flow diagram of a process for modeling an Internet Service. -
FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a deployment system that converts a logical model to a fully functioning physical implementation -
FIG. 8 illustrates a translation of the logical model into real-world instances. -
FIG. 9 illustrates exemplary data records of an instance database used to store the real-world instances. -
FIG. 10 is a flow diagram of a process for deploying resources for the application based on the logical model. - A design system for designing applications of distributed computer systems includes a modeling system and a deployment system. The modeling system permits developers of applications for distributed computer systems (e.g., server data centers, Internet data centers (IDCs), Web farms, and the like) to architect the hardware and software in an abstract manner. The modeling system defines a set of components used to describe the functionality of an application in a logical, scale-independent manner. An “application” within this context refers to an entire service hosted on the distributed computers. For instance, an Internet data center may host a Website for an online retailer, where the application entails the entire software and hardware configuration that implements the online retailer's Internet presence. The application might include, for example, a front end to handle client requests, an order processing system, a billing system, an inventory system, and a database system.
- The model components are arranged and interconnected to form a scale-independent model of the application. Each component specifies some functionality of the application. The model can then be used to construct a scalable physical blueprint in terms of which machines run which pieces of software to form the application.
- The deployment system uses the logical model to deploy various computer/software resources in real-time as the applications need them. The deployment system converts each of the model components into one or more instances that correspond to physical resources. The deployment system tracks the instances and all available resources. The deployment system decides when resources should be added (or removed) and monitors the current state of implementation. The deployment system installs the application and then dynamically and automatically modifies the resources used to implement the application in an ongoing basis as the operating parameters of the application change.
- The design system is described in the context of Internet Services and Websites, such as might be deployed in Internet data centers, because modeling Internet Services represents one suitable use of the system. However, the design system may be implemented to model other large size and scalable applications for computer systems. Accordingly, the design system can be implemented in a wide variety of ways, including Internet-based implementations and non-Internet-based implementations.
- Model Components and Schema
- The modeling system defines several model components that form the building blocks of a logical, scale-independent application: a module, a port, and a wire. It also defines a set of model extensions including, but not limited to: a store, an event source, an event sink, and an event wire. In a design tool, the components are represented pictorially as graphical elements or symbols that may be arranged and interconnected to create scale-independent models of Website applications. The graphical elements have an associated schema that dictates how the functional operations being represented by the graphical elements are to be specified.
-
FIG. 2 illustrates a set ofmodel components 200 that form the building blocks of logical, scale-independent Internet Services. The components include a module, as represented by modules 202(A)-202(C),ports 206,wires 208, and extensions such as astore 204,event sources 210, event sinks 212, andevent wires 214. Thecomponents 200 are arranged in a no particular manner other than to foster discussion of their individual traits. - A
module 202 represents a basic unit of functionality for the Internet Service. It is a logical entity that represents some portion of the application as might be deployed at the IDC, but it does not necessarily have a physical manifestation. The module often corresponds to a software program that handles a logical set of tasks for the Service. For instance, one module might represent a front end for a Website, another module might represent a login database, and another module might represent an electronic mail program. - Each
module 202 is a container of behavior. A simple module is indivisible and has associated a unique identifier. Modules can be nested into a hierarchy of modules to form more complex behaviors. In a module hierarchy, the leaf modules are simple modules, and the non-leaf modules are compound modules. - Each
module 202 defines a unit of scaling. While one module logically represents a functional operation of the Service, the module may be deployed to any number of computers when actually implemented. In this way, the module is scale-independent, allowing the number of underlying computers used to implement the module to change at over time. When converted to a physical implementation, “module instances” are created from the modules. The module instances are assigned a unique identifier and maintain ancestral data regarding which module created them. The module instances of simple modules are often called “engines”, which are software programs that run on an individual computer. - Extensions to the model are additional components that specialize the role, behavior, and possibly graphical representation of the base components. Exemplary extensions include, but are not limited to,
store 204,event source 210,event sink 212, andevent wire 214. - A
store 204 is the most basic unit of storage. It represents a logical storage partition, which may be implemented by any number of physical disks or other storage media. - A
port 206 is a service access point (SAP) for amodule 202 orstore 204. All service-related communications into and out of a module go through aport 206. Eachport 206 has a “type”, which is a set of attributes describing format, semantics, protocol, and so forth. At runtime, the port represents a set of physical ports associated with the instantiated engines of the modules. Note that a given module might have any number of ports representing different services or functionality provided by the module. - A
wire 208 is the logical binding that defines an allowable communication route between twoports 206. Eachwire 208 can be type-checked (i.e., with respect to protocols, roles) and defines protocol configuration constraints (e.g., HTTP requires TCP, TCP requires IP, etc.). -
Event sources 210 and event sinks 212 are used for discrete semantic messaging between modules and module extensions, such as stores. Anevent wire 214 is a logical connection between sources and sinks, and carries event messages used to inform modules or module extensions and implement policy (e.g., scaling, fail-over, monitoring, application processes, etc.). - The event sources 210 and event sinks 212, together with the
ports 206, collectively form interfaces for communications to and from themodules 202 and module extensions, such asstores 204. The event sources and sinks may be implemented as ports that are configured for message handling. - The
model components 200 are depicted as graphical icons or symbols that may be selected and interconnected using a modeling system (described below in more detail). In the illustrated example, themodules 202 are depicted as blocks, thestore 204 is depicted as a disk storage icon, and theports 206 are depicted as spherical knobs projecting from the modules or module extensions, such as stores. Additionally, thewires 208 are depicted as bold lines, theevent sources 210 are depicted as triangles pointing away from the module or module extension, the event sinks 212 are depicted as triangles pointing toward the module or module extension, and theevent wire 214 is depicted as a dashed line. - The graphical icons have an associated schema that dictates how the functional operations being represented by the icons are to be specified. For instance, a module icon may have a predefined schema that specifies the hardware and software resources used to implement the functionality represented by the module. Thus, a module for a database function might have characteristics pertaining to the kind of database (e.g., relational), the data structure (e.g., tables, relationships), software (e.g., SQL), software version, and so forth.
-
FIG. 2 also illustrates the schema underlying the graphical elements as exemplary data structures associated with the model components. Module 202(A) has an associatedstructure 220 that contains various characteristics for the module, such as functionality, processing requirements, software, and so forth. Modules 202(B) and 202(C) have similar structures (not shown). Model extensions also have associated structures. Thestore 204 has acorresponding structure 222 that defines the requirements for storage. Thestore schema structure 222 might include, for example, the kind of storage (e.g., disk), the storage format, and so on. - Each
port 206 has a schema structure, as represented bystructure 224, which dictates the port's type. Eachwire 208 is also associated with a schema structure, such asstructure 226, which outlines the protocols implemented by the connection. Similar schema structures may also be provide for event sources event sinks, and event wires. - Using the model components, a developer can logically describe and configure scale-independent Internet Service prior to physically laying them out in Internet data centers. The developer drafts a model using a user interface to select and interconnect the model components. Once constructed, the modeling software generates the Internet Service based on the depicted model and the underlying schema. The Service may subsequently be converted into a physical blueprint that details the computers and software needed to implement the Service for a specified number of clients.
- The scale-invariant nature of the modeling system allows Internet Service developers to focus only on designing software for a specific functional task (e.g., front end, login database, email program, etc.). All external communications can then be expressed in terms of transmitting to and receiving from one or more associated ports. In this manner, the Service developers need not worry about how many machines will be used to run the module, or how other modules of the scale-independent Internet Service are being configured.
- Exemplary Module and Application
-
FIG. 3 shows a fault-tolerant SQL (structure query language)database module 300 to demonstrate how the model components may be organized and connected to represent a portion of an application. In this example, thedatabase module 300 represents a SQL database that may be used independently or as a component in a larger application. TheSQL database module 300 has a module interface composed of asingle port 302 that implements the TDS (Tabular Data Stream) protocol. - The
SQL database module 300 is a compound module made up of three simple modules: a fail-overpolicy module 310, aprimary SQL module 312, and asecondary SQL module 314. The primary and secondary SQL modules represent dual programs that operate in parallel so that, in the event that theprimary module 312 crashes, thesecondary module 314 can assume the role without loss of service. Thedatabase module 300 also has adata store 316 that represents the memory storage for the SQL database module. - The
primary SQL module 312 has a module interface that includes afirst port 320 for communicating with thecompound module port 302 and asecond port 322 for communicating with thestore 316. Theprimary SQL module 312 also has anevent source 324 and anevent sink 326 for handling event messages from the fail-overpolicy module 310. Similarly, thesecondary SQL module 314 has a module interface with afirst port 330 for communicating with thecompound module port 302, asecond port 332 for communicating with thestore 316, and anevent sink 334 for receiving events from the fail-overpolicy module 310. Awire 336 interconnects the externalcompound module port 302 with theports - The
store 316 has a port 340 to communicate with the primary 312 and secondary 314 SQL modules and an event sink 342 to receive event messages from the fail-overpolicy module 310. Awire 344 interconnects the store port 340 with theports - The fail-over
policy module 310 has a module interface that includes three event sources and one event sink. Anevent sink 350 receives a “fail” event from theevent source 324 of theprimary SQL module 312 via anevent wire 352 when the primary SQL module experiences some failure. In response to receiving a “fail” event, the fail-overpolicy module 310 concurrently issues a first event to stop the failedprimary module 312, another event to assign thesecondary module 314 as the new owner of thestore 316, and a third event to start thesecondary module 314. The “stop” event is issued via anevent source 354 over anevent wire 356 to theevent sink 326 of theprimary SQL module 312. The “stop” event directs theprimary SQL module 312 to halt operation. - The fail-over
policy module 310 issues an “assign owner” (AO) event from an event source 358, over the event wire 360 to the event sink 342 of thestore 316. The assign owner event directs the storage mechanisms to switch to allowing access by thesecondary SQL module 314, rather than theprimary SQL module 312. The fail-overpolicy module 310 also issues a “start” event from event source 362 overevent wire 364 to theevent sink 334 of thesecondary module 314. The start event directs the secondary SQL module to start operation in place of the primary SQL module. - The
SQL database module 300 illustrates how the base model components and exemplary model extensions-modules, ports, wires, stores, event sources, event sinks, and event wires-may be arranged and interconnected to form a complex module. The developer specifies the characteristics associated with each component according to the prescribed schema. The complex module may in turn be added to other simple or complex modules to form other complex modules. Eventually, the largest complex module becomes the Internet Service, which may then be used to form a blueprint for deploying to the data center. -
FIG. 4 shows asimplified application 400 for an online retailer. Theapplication 400 includes afront end module 402, acatalog module 404, anorder processing module 406, and afulfillment module 408. Theapplication 400 also includes acustomer database 410 and the fault-tolerantSQL database module 300. Notice that theSQL database module 300 is the same as that shown inFIG. 3 to illustrate how complex modules can be nested into even greater complex modules to form an application. - The
front end module 402 handles requests from clients who wish to shop with the online retailer. Thefront end module 402 has aport 420 that accommodates communications with external clients using the TCP/IP protocol over the Internet. Thefront end module 402 also has anorder port 422 to define a communication exchange with theorder processing module 406 and acatalog port 424 for communication flow to thecatalog module 404. Theports event sink 426 is also provided to receive a “new product” message from thecatalog module 404 when a new product has been added to the catalog. - The
catalog module 404 provides catalog information that may be served by the front end to the requesting clients. Thecatalog module 404 has afront end port 430 connected via awire 432 to thecatalog port 424 of thefront end module 402. Thefront end port 430 has a type that matches thecatalog port 424. Thecatalog module 404 also has anevent source 434 for communicating the “new product” messages overwire 436 to theevent sink 426 of thefront end module 402. - A
SQL port 438 interfaces thecatalog module 404 with theSQL database module 300. TheSQL port 438 has a type that utilizes the TDS protocol for the communication exchange with theexternal port 302 of theSQL database 300. - The
order processing module 406 has afront end port 440 to define a communication interface with thefront end module 402 via awire 442. Theorder processing module 406 also has afulfillment port 444 to facilitate communication with thefulfillment module 408 overwire 446 and adatabase port 448 to facilitate communication with thecustomer database 410 viawire 450. - An
event source 452 is provided at theorder processing module 406 to pass “order complete” events to thefulfillment module 408 viawire 454. These events inform thefulfillment module 408 that an order is complete and ready to be filled. Asecond event source 456 passes “new account” events to thecustomer database 410 viawire 458 whenever a new customer orders a product. - The
fulfillment module 408 has anorder port 460 to provide access to thewire 446 to theorder processing module 406 and adatabase port 462 to interface with thecustomer database 410. Thefulfillment module 408 also has anevent sink 464 to receive the “order complete” events from theorder processing module 406. - The
customer database 410 has anorder port 470 to provide access towire 450 and afulfillment port 472 to facilitate communication with thefulfillment module 408 viawire 474. Thecustomer database 410 further has anevent sink 476 to receive the “new account” events from theorder processing module 406. - The modeling approach illustrated in
FIGS. 3 and 4 is tremendously beneficial because it allows developers and IDC operators to view the entire Internet Service in terms of functional pieces independent of deployment scale. The onlineretailer Internet Service 400, for example, requires a front end unit, a catalog unit, an order processing unit, and a fulfillment unit regardless of whether the retailer is handling 100 hits a day or 10 million hits per day. - The scale-independent nature frees the developer to focus on his/her little piece of the Serivce. For instance, a developer assigned the task of building the
front end module 402 need only be concerned with writing software code to facilitate response/reply exchanges. Any communication to and from the module is defined in terms of order-related data being passed to theorder processing module 406 via theorder port 422 and product data being received from thecatalog module 404 via thecatalog port 424. The developer defines the data flow to and from theorder port 422 and thecatalog port 424 according to their respective associated protocol types. - The
Internet Service 400 can then be used to construct a computer system that hosts the online retailer. Initially, the online retailer may not receive very much traffic, especially if launched away from the Christmas season. So, perhaps thefront end module 402 deploys initially to only a few computers to handle the light traffic from the Internet. But, suppose that over time the site becomes more popular and the Christmas season is fast approaching. In this situation, the online retailer may authorize the IDC operator to add many more computers for the front end tasks. These computers are equipped with software and configured to accept HTTP requests for product information and to serve Web pages containing the product information. The computers are added (or removed) as needed, without altering the basic description of theInternet Service 400. - Computer-Based Modeling System and Method
-
FIG. 5 shows anexemplary computer system 500 that implements modeling software used to design Internet Services. The modeling computer may be implemented as one of the nodes in a Internet Service, or as a separate computer not included as one of the nodes. The modeling computer has aprocessor 502, volatile memory 504 (e.g., RAM), and non-volatile memory 506 (e.g., ROM, Flash, hard disk, optical, RAID memory, etc.). Themodeling computer 500 runs anoperating system 510 andmodeling system 512. - For purposes of illustration,
operating system 510 andmodeling system 512 are illustrated as discrete blocks stored in thenon-volatile memory 506, although it is recognized that such programs and components reside at various times in different storage components of thecomputer 500 and are executed by theprocessor 502. Generally, these software components are stored innon-volatile memory 506 and from there, are loaded at least partially into the volatilemain memory 504 for execution on theprocessor 502. - The
modeling system 512 includes a user interface 514 (e.g., a graphical UI) that presents the pictorial icons of the model components 516 (e.g., modules, ports, sources, sinks, etc.), acomponent schema database 518, a logical-to-physical converter 520, and an instance-trackingdatabase 522. Themodeling system 512 allows a developer to design an Internet Service by defining modules, ports, wires, and event message schemes. Theuser interface 514 presents symbols of thecomponents 516, such as the symbols shown inFIGS. 2-4 , and permits the developer to arrange and interconnect them. TheUI 514 may even support conventional UI techniques as drag-and-drop operations. - The symbols depicted on the screen represent an
underlying schema 518 that is used to define the model. For instance, a block-like module symbol is associated with the characteristics of the functionality that the module is to represent in the Internet Service. Thus, the developer may define a database module that has characteristics pertaining to the kind of database (e.g., relational), the data structure (e.g., tables, relationships), software (e.g., SQL), software version, and so forth. Accordingly, by drafting the model on the UI, the developer is architecting the entire schema that will be used to design the scale-independent Internet Service. - Once the Internet Service is created, the logical-to-
physical converter 520 converts the Service to a physical blueprint that details the number of computers, software components, physical ports, and so forth. The converter takes various parameters-such as how many site visitors are expected, memory requirements, bandwidth requirements, processing capabilities, and the like—and scales the Internet Service according to theschema 518 created by the developer. Theconverter 520 specifies the number of computers needed to implement each module, the number of disks to accommodate the stores, and the types of communications protocols among the modules and stores. The identity of every component instance is recorded in an instance-trackingdatabase 522. Instances in the instance-trackingdatabase 522 include those for modules, port, wires, and instances of model extensions such as stores, event ports, and event wires. - In one embodiment, the developer writes management policy, which issues commands on the
schema 518 to create new instances of modules, port, and wires to deploy the Internet Service. Developers may choose to write management policy instead of using fully automatic logical-to-physical converter 520 when they want finer control over the growth and management of the Internet Service. The management code issues commands using the namespace defined by theschema 518, but the commands operate on individual module, port, and wire instances. The commands are still dispatched through theconverter 520, which allocates nodes to the management policy. Whether operating automatically or driven by management policy code, theconverter 520 records in the instance-trackingdatabase 522 the individual instances of modules, port, and wires. - In this manner, the modeling system changes the development effort from a node-centric approach for architecting Internet Services to an application-centric approach. Within conventional node-centric methodology, the focus was on the computers and how they were laid out. The Internet Service was then loaded onto the nodes in an ad hoc manner. With the new application-centric approach, the focus is initially on the Internet Service itself. The physical nodes used to implement the Internet Service are derived in terms of the Service schema once it is specified. The instance-tracking
database 522 gives both developers and operators information about how many instances of each module are running at any time and how the modules are connected using port instances and wires instances within the Service schema. -
FIG. 6 shows a method for modeling a scale-independent Internet Service. Themethod 600 may be implemented, for example, by themodeling system 512 executing on themodeling computer 500. In such an implementation, the method is implemented in software that, when executed oncomputer 500, performs the operations illustrated as blocks inFIG. 6 . - At
block 602, themodeling system 512 allows the developer to define the modules and extensions, such as stores, that form the functional elements of the Internet Service. TheUI 514 enables the developer to create modules and extensions, such as stores, and to define their characteristics as prescribed by a predetermined schema. This entry process begins to construct the logical building blocks of the Service. - At
block 604, themodeling system 512 enables the developer to define the ports for the modules and module extensions, such as stores. The developer selects the type of ports. The modeling system ensures compatibility of ports that are connected to one another. Atblock 606, the developer also defines other extensions, such as events that may be passed among modules and module extensions, such as stores. For example, the developer creates event sources and event sinks to accommodate the various events. Atblock 608, the developer uses themodeling system 512 to interconnect the ports with wires and the port extensions, such as event sources/sinks with wire extensions, such as event wires. By joining the various modules and module extensions, such as stores, the developer effectively forms a logical representation of the Internet Service. - At
block 610, themodeling system 512 generates an Internet Service using the graphical representation constructed by the developer through its associated schema. Themodeling system 512 generates the logical specifications associated with the graphical model, including the characteristics of the modules and module extensions, such as stores, as well as the types of the ports and port extensions, such as event sources/sinks. The Internet Service provides a complete logical representation of the Service that will eventually be implemented at the Internet data center. The Internet Service description may be stored on disk or some other form of computer-readable medium (block 612). - At
block 614, themodeling system 512 converts the Internet Service description to a physical blueprint that specifies the computers, the software run by each of the computers, and the interconnections among the computers. This physical blueprint may be used by the operator to install and manage the Internet Service. - Computer-Based Deployment System and Method
- Once a logical model is created, an automatic computer-based deployment system uses the logical model to deploy various computer/software resources to implement the Internet Service. The deployment system converts each of the model components into one or more instances that correspond to physical resources, such as nodes of a distributed computer system that are loaded with specific types of software to implement the function represented by the model components. The deployment system initially installs an Internet Service in the physical resources according to the logical model. It then dynamically and automatically modifies the resources used to implement the Internet Service in an ongoing basis as the operating parameters of the application change.
- In one embodiment, the deployment system installs an Internet Service under the direction of management policy code authored by the Service developers. When operated under the direction of management code, the deployment system creates instances as instructed by the management code. The management code assumes partial or complete responsibility for monitoring the Service and determining when instances should be created and destroyed.
-
FIG. 7 shows adeployment system 700 that converts the logical model to a fully functioning physical implementation. Thedeployment system 700 includesmanagement policy 702, a core logical-to-physical converter 704, and hardware/software resources 706 that are all interconnected via a wireless and/or wire-based communication network 708 (e.g., a LAN, a WAN, intranet, Internet, combinations thereof, etc.). In this example, the hardware/software resources are illustrated as computer nodes of a distributed computer system, as represented by computers 706(1), 706(2), . . . , 706(N). Themanagement policy 702 andcore converter 704 may be implemented on one or more computers, which may or may not be part of the nodes in the distributed computer system. - For purposes of discussion, the
deployment system 700 is described in the context of an Internet Service that is executed at an Internet data center having an abundance of generic computer nodes. The nodes can be allocated to one or more Internet Services from a reserve pool of nodes, as illustrated inFIG. 1 . - The
management policy 702 implements one or more policies devised by the developer or operator of the Internet Service. The policies specify when instances derived from the logical model should be created, manipulated, and destroyed. The management policy monitors various events generated by the nodes and implements policy decisions regarding how to handle the events. By specifying when and which instances should be created (or destroyed), themanagement policy 702 effectively dictates when hardware/software resources 706 should be added (or removed) to support the changing demands of the Internet Service. - The
core converter 704 implements the policy decisions made by themanagement policy 702. Theruntime converter 704 has aservice running state 710 that tracks all instances of the model components currently in existence. That is, theservice running state 710 tracks the elements in the physical world with respect to the logical model. Theservice running state 710 maintains a copy of the logical model, such asonline retailing model 400 ofFIG. 4 . The logical model is created by the modeling system described above with respect toFIGS. 5 and 6 . The current instances are maintained in the instance-trackingdatabase 522. The records in instance-trackingdatabase 522 include such information as identity of the instance, the name of the logical component from which it is derived, the node on which it is running, the network addresses representing the ports of the modules and module extensions, such as stores, type of software loaded on the node, various protocols supported by the instance, and so forth. The instance-trackingdatabase 522 tracks not only module instances, but also port instances, wire instances, and can also track instances of extensions such as stores, event ports, and event wires. - The instances are derived from the logical model. The
management policy 702 articulates the number of instances of each model component used to implement the Internet Service at any given time. For example, suppose the Internet Service requires one hundred computers to effectively implement a front end that handles site traffic at 99.9% efficiency with each computer running at 70% utilization. Themanagement policy 702 might further specify that more computers should be added if some policy threshold is met (e.g., efficiency rating drops below some threshold or computer utilization rises above some threshold) or removed if another threshold is met. - A
resource manager 716 tracks all of the physical resources available to the Internet Service. These resources include computer nodes, storage, software, and so forth. Records identifying all of the resources are kept in theresource database 718. For instance, there might be one record for each computer node, storage device, and software module in the Internet data center. The records contain such information as the identity of the allocated nodes, computing characteristics and capabilities, the application(s) to which they are allocated, the date and time of allocation, and so forth. - The
resource manager 716 allocates the resources as needed or requested by the Internet Service according to the policy implemented by thepolicy manager 702. The allocation depends upon the availability of resources at the time of request. Theresource manager 716 may also recover resources that are no longer needed by the Internet Service and return the resources to the pool of available resources. - Upon allocation (or recovery) of a resource, the
resource manager 716 posts a record to theresource database 718 reflecting which resource is allocated to (or recovered from) which Internet Service. As an example, when an Internet Service desires more nodes for the front end tasks, theresource manager 716 allocates one or more free nodes from the pool of resources to the Internet service. - The core logical-to-
physical converter 704 manages the creation of new instances in the physical world from the model components specified in thelogical model 400 through aloader 722. Aloader 722 carries out the configuration of newly allocated resources to the functions dictated by the new instances. In this manner, when another instance of a component is desired, the management policy 720 communicates with theresource manager 716 to allocate a node from the resource pool and with theloader 722 to load the appropriate software programs onto the node. - The
node loader 732 performs the actual loading tasks specified by theloader 722 in thecore converter 704. It is the local code on an otherwise generic node to which theruntime loader 722 may communicate when configuring the node. -
FIG. 8 shows an example of a portion of thelogical model 400 ofFIG. 4 being converted into actual instances. To illustrate the conversion, thefront end module 402 and theorder processing module 406 are extracted from the online retailer service application 400 (FIG. 4 ). Awire 442 interconnects the two modules by logically coupling theports - The
front end module 402 in the logical model translates to one or more computer nodes in the physical world that runs software for handling client queries. These physical instances are represented diagrammatically by the rectangles with ovals. Here, based on a policy, thefront end module 402 is converted into multiple front end instances 800(1), 800(2), 800(3), . . . , 800(J), which each corresponds in one-to-one fashion with a computer node loaded with software used to implement the front end of the service. Theorder processing module 406 translates to one or more computer nodes that run a program for processing client orders. InFIG. 8 , theorder processing module 406 is converted into plural order processing instances 802(1), 802(2), . . . , 802(K). - The
ports logical port 422 might be IP Port 804(n), using HTTP (hypertext transport protocol). InFIG. 8 , one logical port in the logical model is converted to a port address for each instance of the module.Logical port 422 converts into physical address ports 804(1)-804(J) andlogical port 440 converts into physical ports 806(1)-806(K). - The
wire 442 represents a set of ports with allowable communication connections. It translates to a physical mesh of all possible communication wires between the instances of each port. The maximum number of physical lines created from onewire 442 is determined as the cross product of the number of instances of each port. InFIG. 8 , thewire 442 can convert to a physical connection between every port instance 804(1)-804(J) of thefront end module 402 and every port instance 806(1)-806(K) of theorder processing module 406. The number of actual physical connections created from thewire 442 is determined by themanagement policy 702. -
FIG. 9 illustratesexemplary records 900 in the instance-trackingdatabase 522 that tracks the instances derived from thelogical model 400. In this example, the database is a relational database that stores records in tables, and the records may be linked to one another via relationships. Here, there are three tables: a module table 902, a port table 904, and a wire table 906. Each table holds one record for a corresponding instance of the logical model. Each record has a number of fields relating to the type of information that is being tracked for each instance. - The module table 902 tracks instances of modules in the logical model. There is one record for each module instance. Thus, with respect to the front end module of
FIG. 8 , there are “J” records in the module table 902 corresponding to the “J” front end instances 800(1)-800(J). Each record in the module table 902 contains an instance ID to identify the individual instance, an identity of the module component from which the instance is derived, a node ID to identify the computer node to which the instance is associated, the type of software loaded on the node to implement the module functionality, a software ID, an identity of the various ports to the modules, and various protocols supported by the module instance. It is noted that other implementations may include additional fields or fewer fields than those illustrated. - The port table 904 tracks instances of the port in the logical model, such as
ports FIG. 8 . A record from this table includes such information as the port ID, the model component identity, a node ID, the network address represented by the port, the instance ID of the corresponding instance, the protocol used by the port, and an ID of the wire to which the port is connected. Again, more or fewer fields may be used in other implementations. - The wire table 906 tracks instances of the wires in the logical model, such as
wire 442 inFIG. 8 . A record in the wire table includes a wire ID, a model component identity, the protocol supported by the wire, and information to identify each of the ports on the wire, such as a node ID, a port ID, and an instance ID. - Notice that the three tables can be correlated with one another via various relationships. For example, the module table 902 and the port table 904 are related by various data fields, such as the port ID field and the instance ID field. The wire table 906 correlates with the port table 904 via wire ID and port ID and with the module table 902 via instance ID. Notice also that the tables have a node ID field that provides a reference into the resource database by identifying which node the instance is associated with.
- It is noted that the illustrated arrangement of the database is merely for discussion purposes. Many other table arrangements with more or fewer tables than illustrated may be used in other implementations.
-
FIG. 10 shows amethod 1000 for deploying resources for an Internet Service based on the logical model. Themethod 1000 is implemented by thedeployment system 700 ofFIG. 7 and hence can be embodied as software that, when executed on one or more computers, performs the operations illustrated as blocks inFIG. 10 . - At
block 1002, themanagement policy 702 monitors various operating parameters and listens for events from theindividual nodes 706 or the core logical-to-physical converter 704. Themanagement policy 702 evaluates the parameters and events against the policy backdrop to determine whether the current physical implementation is satisfactorily supporting the Internet Service, or whether a new instance of some component should be added (block 1004). It is noted that the continuing process is described in the context of adding a new instance. However, the policy may alternatively dictate that one or more instances should be removed. Removal of instances is somewhat easier in that instances are deleted from the instance-trackingdatabase 522 and the computer nodes are returned to the additional pool for reallocation. Assuming that a new instance is desired (i.e., the “yes” branch from block 1004), themanagement policy 702 consults theservice running state 710 to understand the current number and arrangement of instances (block 1006). Themanagement policy 702 can request various types of information of theservice running state 710, such as: -
- How many instances of a given module?
- What nodes are associated with a given model component?
- Which ports are attached to a given wire?
- What is the network address of a node?
- What wire is attached to a port on a given component?
- What components does a given component own?
- Depending upon the event or operating condition, the
management policy 702 can request information on a particular module in thelogical model 400. For example, assume that an event has been received from a front end node indicating that the utilization has risen to above 90%. In response, a policy specifying the addition of another instance at such utilization levels is triggered. Themanagement policy 702 asks theservice running state 710 how many instances of the front end module currently exist, and information regarding how to specify an instance for the front end module. - At
block 1008, themanagement policy 702 calls theresource manager 716 to request allocation of a new node (assuming one is available). Theresource manager 716 examines the resources using data from theresource database 718 and allocates a new node that is currently available from a pool of free nodes. Theresource manager 716 records the allocation in theresource database 718, identifying which node is allocated, what application it is being allocated to, the date and time that it is allocated, and so forth. - At
block 1010, themanagement policy 702 calls theloader 722 to install software onto the allocated node and configure the node to perform the functions represented by the logical module from which the instance is created. In response, theloader 722 initializes the node by communicating with thenode loader 732 of the new node via thenetwork 708 to install the appropriate software; such an operation might install an image of an operating system (e.g., Windows NT server operating system from Microsoft Corporation). Theloader 722 then loads the appropriate software and configures the node to perform the functions represented by the logical model component from which the instance is derived. For example, for an instance of an SQL module in thelogical model 400, thenode loader 732 loads SQL server software. Theloader 722 registers the physical port addresses with theservice running state 710, which records the new instance in the instance-trackingdatabase 522. - At
block 1012, theservice running state 710 is notified when the newly allocated and configured node is up and running. Theservice running state 710 records a new instance of the logical model in the instance-trackingdatabase 522. The record reflects an ID of the instance, the name of the logical component from which it is derived, the allocated node, the network addresses of the node, software type and IDs, various protocols supported by the instance, and so on. - At
block 1014, themanagement policy 702 is notified by the core logical-to-physical converter 704 that a new instance is up and running. The new instance should relieve the event or operating condition to bring operation back into compliance with the policy. - Although the description above uses language that is specific to structural features and/or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the invention defined in the appended claims is not limited to the specific features or acts described. Rather, the specific features and acts are disclosed as exemplary forms of implementing the invention.
Claims (38)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/008,730 US20050125212A1 (en) | 2000-10-24 | 2004-12-09 | System and method for designing a logical model of a distributed computer system and deploying physical resources according to the logical model |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/696,707 US6907395B1 (en) | 2000-10-24 | 2000-10-24 | System and method for designing a logical model of a distributed computer system and deploying physical resources according to the logical model |
US11/008,730 US20050125212A1 (en) | 2000-10-24 | 2004-12-09 | System and method for designing a logical model of a distributed computer system and deploying physical resources according to the logical model |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/696,707 Continuation US6907395B1 (en) | 2000-10-24 | 2000-10-24 | System and method for designing a logical model of a distributed computer system and deploying physical resources according to the logical model |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20050125212A1 true US20050125212A1 (en) | 2005-06-09 |
Family
ID=34550170
Family Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/696,707 Expired - Lifetime US6907395B1 (en) | 2000-10-24 | 2000-10-24 | System and method for designing a logical model of a distributed computer system and deploying physical resources according to the logical model |
US11/008,730 Abandoned US20050125212A1 (en) | 2000-10-24 | 2004-12-09 | System and method for designing a logical model of a distributed computer system and deploying physical resources according to the logical model |
US11/008,685 Expired - Lifetime US7155380B2 (en) | 2000-10-24 | 2004-12-09 | System and method for designing a logical model of a distributed computer system and deploying physical resources according to the logical model |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/696,707 Expired - Lifetime US6907395B1 (en) | 2000-10-24 | 2000-10-24 | System and method for designing a logical model of a distributed computer system and deploying physical resources according to the logical model |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/008,685 Expired - Lifetime US7155380B2 (en) | 2000-10-24 | 2004-12-09 | System and method for designing a logical model of a distributed computer system and deploying physical resources according to the logical model |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (3) | US6907395B1 (en) |
Cited By (31)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20030126202A1 (en) * | 2001-11-08 | 2003-07-03 | Watt Charles T. | System and method for dynamic server allocation and provisioning |
US20050091215A1 (en) * | 2003-09-29 | 2005-04-28 | Chandra Tushar D. | Technique for provisioning storage for servers in an on-demand environment |
WO2007055839A1 (en) * | 2005-11-02 | 2007-05-18 | Microsoft Corporation | Modeling it operations/policies |
US20070233872A1 (en) * | 2004-10-18 | 2007-10-04 | Fujitsu Limited | Method, apparatus, and computer product for managing operation |
US20070234351A1 (en) * | 2004-10-18 | 2007-10-04 | Satoshi Iyoda | Method, apparatus, and computer product for managing operation |
US20070234116A1 (en) * | 2004-10-18 | 2007-10-04 | Fujitsu Limited | Method, apparatus, and computer product for managing operation |
US20080104389A1 (en) * | 2006-10-31 | 2008-05-01 | Jon Duane Warden | Computer system model generation with tracking of actual computer system configuration |
US20080270411A1 (en) * | 2007-04-26 | 2008-10-30 | Microsoft Corporation | Distributed behavior controlled execution of modeled applications |
US20090006063A1 (en) * | 2007-06-29 | 2009-01-01 | Microsoft Corporation | Tuning and optimizing distributed systems with declarative models |
US20090006062A1 (en) * | 2007-06-29 | 2009-01-01 | Microsoft Corporation | Progressively implementing declarative models in distributed systems |
WO2009055755A2 (en) * | 2007-10-26 | 2009-04-30 | Microsoft Corporation | Performing requested commands for model-based applications |
US20090113407A1 (en) * | 2007-10-26 | 2009-04-30 | Microsoft Corporation | Managing software lifecycle |
US20090113379A1 (en) * | 2007-10-26 | 2009-04-30 | Microsoft Corporation | Modeling and managing heterogeneous applications |
US20090112932A1 (en) * | 2007-10-26 | 2009-04-30 | Microsoft Corporation | Visualizing key performance indicators for model-based applications |
US20090112873A1 (en) * | 2007-10-26 | 2009-04-30 | Microsoft Corporation | Processing model-based commands for distributed applications |
US20090327243A1 (en) * | 2008-06-27 | 2009-12-31 | Cbs Interactive, Inc. | Personalization engine for classifying unstructured documents |
US7669235B2 (en) | 2004-04-30 | 2010-02-23 | Microsoft Corporation | Secure domain join for computing devices |
US7684964B2 (en) | 2003-03-06 | 2010-03-23 | Microsoft Corporation | Model and system state synchronization |
US7689676B2 (en) | 2003-03-06 | 2010-03-30 | Microsoft Corporation | Model-based policy application |
US7711121B2 (en) | 2000-10-24 | 2010-05-04 | Microsoft Corporation | System and method for distributed management of shared computers |
US7778422B2 (en) | 2004-02-27 | 2010-08-17 | Microsoft Corporation | Security associations for devices |
US7792931B2 (en) | 2003-03-06 | 2010-09-07 | Microsoft Corporation | Model-based system provisioning |
US7797147B2 (en) | 2005-04-15 | 2010-09-14 | Microsoft Corporation | Model-based system monitoring |
US20100235231A1 (en) * | 2009-01-30 | 2010-09-16 | Cbs Interactive, Inc. | Lead acquisition, promotion and inventory management system and method |
US7814198B2 (en) | 2007-10-26 | 2010-10-12 | Microsoft Corporation | Model-driven, repository-based application monitoring system |
US20110106829A1 (en) * | 2008-06-27 | 2011-05-05 | Cbs Interactive, Inc. | Personalization engine for building a user profile |
US8099720B2 (en) | 2007-10-26 | 2012-01-17 | Microsoft Corporation | Translating declarative models |
US8230386B2 (en) | 2007-08-23 | 2012-07-24 | Microsoft Corporation | Monitoring distributed applications |
US8489728B2 (en) | 2005-04-15 | 2013-07-16 | Microsoft Corporation | Model-based system monitoring |
US8549513B2 (en) | 2005-06-29 | 2013-10-01 | Microsoft Corporation | Model-based virtual system provisioning |
WO2015149673A1 (en) * | 2014-04-02 | 2015-10-08 | Tencent Technology (Shenzhen) Company Limited | Method, server, and system for sharing resource data |
Families Citing this family (130)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6985722B1 (en) * | 1998-09-25 | 2006-01-10 | Soma Networks, Inc. | Telecommunication services |
US7228363B1 (en) * | 2000-04-05 | 2007-06-05 | Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. | Pointbus architecture and automatic sequential addressing |
US7093288B1 (en) | 2000-10-24 | 2006-08-15 | Microsoft Corporation | Using packet filters and network virtualization to restrict network communications |
US6915338B1 (en) * | 2000-10-24 | 2005-07-05 | Microsoft Corporation | System and method providing automatic policy enforcement in a multi-computer service application |
US6907395B1 (en) * | 2000-10-24 | 2005-06-14 | Microsoft Corporation | System and method for designing a logical model of a distributed computer system and deploying physical resources according to the logical model |
US7113900B1 (en) * | 2000-10-24 | 2006-09-26 | Microsoft Corporation | System and method for logical modeling of distributed computer systems |
JPWO2002042920A1 (en) * | 2000-11-22 | 2004-04-02 | 株式会社エヌ・ティ・ティ・ドコモ | Method and apparatus for managing access to a network |
US7243374B2 (en) | 2001-08-08 | 2007-07-10 | Microsoft Corporation | Rapid application security threat analysis |
US7039705B2 (en) * | 2001-10-26 | 2006-05-02 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Representing capacities and demands in a layered computing environment using normalized values |
US7035930B2 (en) * | 2001-10-26 | 2006-04-25 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Method and framework for generating an optimized deployment of software applications in a distributed computing environment using layered model descriptions of services and servers |
US7054934B2 (en) * | 2001-10-26 | 2006-05-30 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Tailorable optimization using model descriptions of services and servers in a computing environment |
US7020586B2 (en) * | 2001-12-17 | 2006-03-28 | Sun Microsystems, Inc. | Designing a data center |
US7703077B2 (en) * | 2002-04-30 | 2010-04-20 | Microsoft Corporation | Programming model to detect deadlocks in concurrent programs |
US7203924B2 (en) * | 2002-04-30 | 2007-04-10 | Microsoft Corporation | Behavioral analysis for message-passing application programs |
US20030217125A1 (en) * | 2002-05-15 | 2003-11-20 | Lucent Technologies, Inc. | Intelligent end user gateway device |
US20030217129A1 (en) * | 2002-05-15 | 2003-11-20 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Self-organizing intelligent network architecture and methodology |
GB0213073D0 (en) * | 2002-06-07 | 2002-07-17 | Hewlett Packard Co | Method of maintaining availability of requested network resources |
US7072960B2 (en) * | 2002-06-10 | 2006-07-04 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Generating automated mappings of service demands to server capacities in a distributed computer system |
US7225118B2 (en) * | 2002-10-31 | 2007-05-29 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Global data placement |
US7072807B2 (en) * | 2003-03-06 | 2006-07-04 | Microsoft Corporation | Architecture for distributed computing system and automated design, deployment, and management of distributed applications |
KR101044173B1 (en) * | 2003-03-06 | 2011-06-24 | 마이크로소프트 코포레이션 | Architecture for distributed computing system and automated design, deployment, and management of distributed applications |
US7797669B1 (en) | 2004-02-13 | 2010-09-14 | Microsoft Corporation | Analysis of distributed software systems via specification substitution |
WO2005122078A2 (en) * | 2004-06-04 | 2005-12-22 | Sap Ag | Consistent set of interfaces derived from a business object model |
US20050283348A1 (en) * | 2004-06-17 | 2005-12-22 | International Business Machines Corporation | Serviceability framework for an autonomic data centre |
US7925727B2 (en) * | 2004-07-29 | 2011-04-12 | Nortel Networks Limited | Method and apparatus for efficient communication of management data in a telecommunications network |
US8433768B1 (en) * | 2004-10-14 | 2013-04-30 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Embedded model interaction within attack projection framework of information system |
US20060235664A1 (en) * | 2005-04-15 | 2006-10-19 | Microsoft Corporation | Model-based capacity planning |
US7802144B2 (en) * | 2005-04-15 | 2010-09-21 | Microsoft Corporation | Model-based system monitoring |
US20070005320A1 (en) * | 2005-06-29 | 2007-01-04 | Microsoft Corporation | Model-based configuration management |
US8327319B2 (en) | 2005-12-30 | 2012-12-04 | Sap Ag | Software model process interaction |
US8676617B2 (en) | 2005-12-30 | 2014-03-18 | Sap Ag | Architectural design for self-service procurement application software |
US8522194B2 (en) * | 2005-12-30 | 2013-08-27 | Sap Ag | Software modeling |
US8396731B2 (en) | 2005-12-30 | 2013-03-12 | Sap Ag | Architectural design for service procurement application software |
US8380553B2 (en) | 2005-12-30 | 2013-02-19 | Sap Ag | Architectural design for plan-driven procurement application software |
US20080275713A9 (en) * | 2005-12-30 | 2008-11-06 | Shai Alfandary | Architectural design for physical inventory application software |
US8321831B2 (en) | 2005-12-30 | 2012-11-27 | Sap Ag | Architectural design for internal projects application software |
US8370794B2 (en) | 2005-12-30 | 2013-02-05 | Sap Ag | Software model process component |
US8402426B2 (en) | 2005-12-30 | 2013-03-19 | Sap Ag | Architectural design for make to stock application software |
US8660904B2 (en) | 2005-12-30 | 2014-02-25 | Sap Ag | Architectural design for service request and order management application software |
US8407664B2 (en) * | 2005-12-30 | 2013-03-26 | Sap Ag | Software model business objects |
US8316344B2 (en) | 2005-12-30 | 2012-11-20 | Sap Ag | Software model deployment units |
US8326703B2 (en) | 2005-12-30 | 2012-12-04 | Sap Ag | Architectural design for product catalog management application software |
US8448137B2 (en) | 2005-12-30 | 2013-05-21 | Sap Ag | Software model integration scenarios |
US8442850B2 (en) | 2006-03-30 | 2013-05-14 | Sap Ag | Providing accounting software application as enterprise services |
US8396761B2 (en) | 2006-03-30 | 2013-03-12 | Sap Ag | Providing product catalog software application as enterprise services |
US8396749B2 (en) | 2006-03-30 | 2013-03-12 | Sap Ag | Providing customer relationship management application as enterprise services |
US8438119B2 (en) | 2006-03-30 | 2013-05-07 | Sap Ag | Foundation layer for services based enterprise software architecture |
US8538864B2 (en) | 2006-03-30 | 2013-09-17 | Sap Ag | Providing payment software application as enterprise services |
US8326702B2 (en) | 2006-03-30 | 2012-12-04 | Sap Ag | Providing supplier relationship management software application as enterprise services |
US7904909B1 (en) * | 2006-03-31 | 2011-03-08 | Emc Corporation | Architecture for using a model-based approach for managing resources in a networked environment |
US8321832B2 (en) * | 2006-03-31 | 2012-11-27 | Sap Ag | Composite application modeling |
US8312416B2 (en) | 2006-04-13 | 2012-11-13 | Sap Ag | Software model business process variant types |
US20070276945A1 (en) * | 2006-05-23 | 2007-11-29 | Microsoft Corporation | Fault-Tolerant Resource Committal |
US20080040455A1 (en) * | 2006-08-08 | 2008-02-14 | Microsoft Corporation | Model-based deployment and configuration of software in a distributed environment |
US8930890B2 (en) * | 2006-12-05 | 2015-01-06 | International Business Machines Corporation | Software model skinning |
US8756561B2 (en) * | 2006-12-05 | 2014-06-17 | International Business Machines Corporation | Software model normalization and mediation |
CN101071409A (en) * | 2007-04-13 | 2007-11-14 | 曲卫晶 | Block-model computer and operating system |
WO2008134831A1 (en) * | 2007-05-03 | 2008-11-13 | Francisco Mathieu | Method for development of applications to interact with internet |
US10339227B1 (en) * | 2007-06-08 | 2019-07-02 | Google Llc | Data center design |
US8150948B2 (en) * | 2007-06-22 | 2012-04-03 | Microsoft Corporation | Complex software deployment |
US8302092B2 (en) * | 2007-06-26 | 2012-10-30 | Microsoft Corporation | Extensible data driven deployment system |
US8898620B2 (en) * | 2007-07-09 | 2014-11-25 | Nolio Ltd. | System and method for application process automation over a computer network |
US8856332B2 (en) * | 2007-10-09 | 2014-10-07 | International Business Machines Corporation | Integrated capacity and architecture design tool |
US8751626B2 (en) * | 2007-10-23 | 2014-06-10 | Microsoft Corporation | Model-based composite application platform |
US20090165021A1 (en) * | 2007-10-23 | 2009-06-25 | Microsoft Corporation | Model-Based Composite Application Platform |
US9003054B2 (en) * | 2007-10-25 | 2015-04-07 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Compressing null columns in rows of the tabular data stream protocol |
US20090113292A1 (en) * | 2007-10-26 | 2009-04-30 | Microsoft Corporation | Flexibly editing heterogeneous documents |
US8046692B2 (en) * | 2007-10-26 | 2011-10-25 | Microsoft Corporation | User interface mapping modules to deployment targets |
US8401936B2 (en) | 2007-12-31 | 2013-03-19 | Sap Ag | Architectural design for expense reimbursement application software |
US20090171811A1 (en) * | 2007-12-31 | 2009-07-02 | Peter Markus A | Architectural Design For Product Catalog Management Application Software |
US8447657B2 (en) | 2007-12-31 | 2013-05-21 | Sap Ag | Architectural design for service procurement application software |
US8671033B2 (en) * | 2007-12-31 | 2014-03-11 | Sap Ag | Architectural design for personnel events application software |
US8315900B2 (en) | 2007-12-31 | 2012-11-20 | Sap Ag | Architectural design for self-service procurement application software |
US8671032B2 (en) | 2007-12-31 | 2014-03-11 | Sap Ag | Providing payment software application as enterprise services |
US8510143B2 (en) | 2007-12-31 | 2013-08-13 | Sap Ag | Architectural design for ad-hoc goods movement software |
US8671034B2 (en) | 2007-12-31 | 2014-03-11 | Sap Ag | Providing human capital management software application as enterprise services |
US8893141B2 (en) * | 2008-01-28 | 2014-11-18 | Microsoft Corporation | System and method for describing applications for manageability and efficient scale-up deployment |
US7860973B2 (en) * | 2008-06-27 | 2010-12-28 | Microsoft Corporation | Data center scheduler |
US9324173B2 (en) | 2008-07-17 | 2016-04-26 | International Business Machines Corporation | System and method for enabling multiple-state avatars |
US8957914B2 (en) | 2008-07-25 | 2015-02-17 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method for extending a virtual environment through registration |
US10166470B2 (en) | 2008-08-01 | 2019-01-01 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method for providing a virtual world layer |
US8326706B2 (en) | 2008-09-18 | 2012-12-04 | Sap Ag | Providing logistics execution application as enterprise services |
US8818884B2 (en) | 2008-09-18 | 2014-08-26 | Sap Ag | Architectural design for customer returns handling application software |
US20100070395A1 (en) * | 2008-09-18 | 2010-03-18 | Andreas Elkeles | Architectural design for payroll processing application software |
US8380549B2 (en) | 2008-09-18 | 2013-02-19 | Sap Ag | Architectural design for embedded support application software |
US8401928B2 (en) | 2008-09-18 | 2013-03-19 | Sap Ag | Providing supplier relationship management software application as enterprise services |
US8374896B2 (en) | 2008-09-18 | 2013-02-12 | Sap Ag | Architectural design for opportunity management application software |
US8595077B2 (en) | 2008-09-18 | 2013-11-26 | Sap Ag | Architectural design for service request and order management application software |
US8386325B2 (en) | 2008-09-18 | 2013-02-26 | Sap Ag | Architectural design for plan-driven procurement application software |
US8359218B2 (en) | 2008-09-18 | 2013-01-22 | Sap Ag | Computer readable medium for implementing supply chain control using service-oriented methodology |
US8321250B2 (en) | 2008-09-18 | 2012-11-27 | Sap Ag | Architectural design for sell from stock application software |
US8315926B2 (en) | 2008-09-18 | 2012-11-20 | Sap Ag | Architectural design for tax declaration application software |
US8352338B2 (en) | 2008-09-18 | 2013-01-08 | Sap Ag | Architectural design for time recording application software |
US8424059B2 (en) * | 2008-09-22 | 2013-04-16 | International Business Machines Corporation | Calculating multi-tenancy resource requirements and automated tenant dynamic placement in a multi-tenant shared environment |
US8311904B2 (en) | 2008-12-03 | 2012-11-13 | Sap Ag | Architectural design for intra-company stock transfer application software |
US8738476B2 (en) * | 2008-12-03 | 2014-05-27 | Sap Ag | Architectural design for selling standardized services application software |
US8401908B2 (en) | 2008-12-03 | 2013-03-19 | Sap Ag | Architectural design for make-to-specification application software |
US8321308B2 (en) | 2008-12-03 | 2012-11-27 | Sap Ag | Architectural design for manual invoicing application software |
US8321306B2 (en) | 2008-12-03 | 2012-11-27 | Sap Ag | Architectural design for selling project-based services application software |
US8589863B2 (en) * | 2008-12-11 | 2013-11-19 | International Business Machines Corporation | Capturing information accessed, updated and created by services and using the same for validation of consistency |
US8671035B2 (en) | 2008-12-11 | 2014-03-11 | Sap Ag | Providing payroll software application as enterprise services |
US8635585B2 (en) * | 2009-02-14 | 2014-01-21 | International Business Machines Corporation | Capturing information accessed, updated and created by processes and using the same for validation of consistency |
US9497039B2 (en) | 2009-05-28 | 2016-11-15 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Agile data center network architecture |
US8178997B2 (en) | 2009-06-15 | 2012-05-15 | Google Inc. | Supplying grid ancillary services using controllable loads |
US20110106501A1 (en) * | 2009-10-29 | 2011-05-05 | Christian Thomas W | Automated design of an it infrastructure |
US8627309B2 (en) * | 2010-02-25 | 2014-01-07 | Microsoft Corporation | Automated deployment and servicing of distributed applications |
US9391716B2 (en) * | 2010-04-05 | 2016-07-12 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Data center using wireless communication |
US8396949B2 (en) | 2010-06-03 | 2013-03-12 | Microsoft Corporation | Metadata driven automatic deployment of distributed server systems |
US8745577B2 (en) | 2010-09-29 | 2014-06-03 | International Business Machines Corporation | End to end automation of application deployment |
US20120200206A1 (en) * | 2011-02-07 | 2012-08-09 | Dell Products L.P. | System and method for designing a configurable modular data center |
US9778915B2 (en) | 2011-02-28 | 2017-10-03 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Distributed application definition |
US9990184B2 (en) * | 2011-03-25 | 2018-06-05 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Distributed component model |
US20120254109A1 (en) * | 2011-03-28 | 2012-10-04 | Microsoft Corporation | Distributed component runtime |
US9465589B2 (en) | 2011-04-05 | 2016-10-11 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Stateful component authoring and execution |
US8789179B2 (en) | 2011-10-28 | 2014-07-22 | Novell, Inc. | Cloud protection techniques |
US11164122B2 (en) * | 2011-11-28 | 2021-11-02 | Cyber Observer Ltd. | Controlling system and method |
US9009500B1 (en) | 2012-01-18 | 2015-04-14 | Google Inc. | Method of correlating power in a data center by fitting a function to a plurality of pairs of actual power draw values and estimated power draw values determined from monitored CPU utilization of a statistical sample of computers in the data center |
US8713152B2 (en) | 2012-03-02 | 2014-04-29 | Microsoft Corporation | Managing distributed applications using structural diagrams |
US9229771B2 (en) | 2012-03-08 | 2016-01-05 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Cloud bursting and management of cloud-bursted applications |
CN102833096B (en) * | 2012-08-06 | 2016-06-29 | 杭州华三通信技术有限公司 | The high-availability system of a kind of low cost realizes method and device |
US9444896B2 (en) | 2012-12-05 | 2016-09-13 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Application migration between clouds |
WO2014120227A1 (en) * | 2013-01-31 | 2014-08-07 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Remotely executing operations of an application using a schema that provides for executable scripts in a nodal hierarchy |
US9417896B2 (en) * | 2014-05-19 | 2016-08-16 | International Business Machines Corporation | Allocating hypervisor resources |
WO2016008086A1 (en) | 2014-07-15 | 2016-01-21 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Data model indexing for model queries |
EP3170100A4 (en) | 2014-07-15 | 2017-12-06 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, LLC | Data model change management |
WO2016008088A1 (en) | 2014-07-15 | 2016-01-21 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Data retrieval across multiple models |
CN105518671B (en) * | 2014-07-15 | 2019-09-03 | 微软技术许可有限责任公司 | Multiple data models are managed on data-storage system |
US9985953B2 (en) * | 2014-11-10 | 2018-05-29 | Amazon Technologies, Inc. | Desktop application fulfillment platform with multiple authentication mechanisms |
US9954751B2 (en) | 2015-05-29 | 2018-04-24 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Measuring performance of a network using mirrored probe packets |
US10585710B2 (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2020-03-10 | Box, Inc. | Dynamic code component deployment in cloud-based service platforms |
Citations (93)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4200770A (en) * | 1977-09-06 | 1980-04-29 | Stanford University | Cryptographic apparatus and method |
US4424414A (en) * | 1978-05-01 | 1984-01-03 | Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Exponentiation cryptographic apparatus and method |
US5490276A (en) * | 1991-03-18 | 1996-02-06 | Echelon Corporation | Programming language structures for use in a network for communicating, sensing and controlling information |
US5499357A (en) * | 1993-05-28 | 1996-03-12 | Xerox Corporation | Process for configuration management |
US5724508A (en) * | 1995-03-09 | 1998-03-03 | Insoft, Inc. | Apparatus for collaborative computing |
US5867706A (en) * | 1996-01-26 | 1999-02-02 | International Business Machines Corp. | Method of load balancing across the processors of a server |
US5872928A (en) * | 1995-02-24 | 1999-02-16 | Cabletron Systems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for defining and enforcing policies for configuration management in communications networks |
US5872914A (en) * | 1995-08-31 | 1999-02-16 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method and apparatus for an account managed object class model in a distributed computing environment |
US5895499A (en) * | 1995-07-03 | 1999-04-20 | Sun Microsystems, Inc. | Cross-domain data transfer using deferred page remapping |
US6012113A (en) * | 1994-03-24 | 2000-01-04 | Multi-Tech Systems, Inc. | Method for connecting a plurality of communication applications with an actual communication port by emulating a plurality of virtual modems |
US6041054A (en) * | 1997-09-24 | 2000-03-21 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson | Efficient transport of internet protocol packets using asynchronous transfer mode adaptation layer two |
US6047325A (en) * | 1997-10-24 | 2000-04-04 | Jain; Lalit | Network device for supporting construction of virtual local area networks on arbitrary local and wide area computer networks |
US6049528A (en) * | 1997-06-30 | 2000-04-11 | Sun Microsystems, Inc. | Trunking ethernet-compatible networks |
US6052469A (en) * | 1996-07-29 | 2000-04-18 | International Business Machines Corporation | Interoperable cryptographic key recovery system with verification by comparison |
US6178529B1 (en) * | 1997-11-03 | 2001-01-23 | Microsoft Corporation | Method and system for resource monitoring of disparate resources in a server cluster |
US6182275B1 (en) * | 1998-01-26 | 2001-01-30 | Dell Usa, L.P. | Generation of a compatible order for a computer system |
US6185308B1 (en) * | 1997-07-07 | 2001-02-06 | Fujitsu Limited | Key recovery system |
US6192401B1 (en) * | 1997-10-21 | 2001-02-20 | Sun Microsystems, Inc. | System and method for determining cluster membership in a heterogeneous distributed system |
US6208649B1 (en) * | 1998-03-11 | 2001-03-27 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | Derived VLAN mapping technique |
US6209099B1 (en) * | 1996-12-18 | 2001-03-27 | Ncr Corporation | Secure data processing method and system |
US6215877B1 (en) * | 1998-03-20 | 2001-04-10 | Fujitsu Limited | Key management server, chat system terminal unit, chat system and recording medium |
US6215878B1 (en) * | 1998-10-20 | 2001-04-10 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | Group key distribution |
US6336138B1 (en) * | 1998-08-25 | 2002-01-01 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Template-driven approach for generating models on network services |
US6336171B1 (en) * | 1998-12-23 | 2002-01-01 | Ncr Corporation | Resource protection in a cluster environment |
US6338112B1 (en) * | 1997-02-21 | 2002-01-08 | Novell, Inc. | Resource management in a clustered computer system |
US6341356B1 (en) * | 1999-03-25 | 2002-01-22 | International Business Machines Corporation | System for I/O path load balancing and failure which can be ported to a plurality of operating environments |
US20020010771A1 (en) * | 2000-05-24 | 2002-01-24 | Davide Mandato | Universal QoS adaptation framework for mobile multimedia applications |
US20020009079A1 (en) * | 2000-06-23 | 2002-01-24 | Jungck Peder J. | Edge adapter apparatus and method |
US20020022952A1 (en) * | 1998-03-26 | 2002-02-21 | David Zager | Dynamic modeling of complex networks and prediction of impacts of faults therein |
US6351685B1 (en) * | 1999-11-05 | 2002-02-26 | International Business Machines Corporation | Wireless communication between multiple intelligent pickers and with a central job queue in an automated data storage library |
US6360265B1 (en) * | 1998-07-08 | 2002-03-19 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Arrangement of delivering internet protocol datagrams for multimedia services to the same server |
US20020038421A1 (en) * | 2000-09-27 | 2002-03-28 | Nec Corporation | Encrypted file system, encrypted file retrieval method, and computer-readable medium |
US6505244B1 (en) * | 1999-06-29 | 2003-01-07 | Cisco Technology Inc. | Policy engine which supports application specific plug-ins for enforcing policies in a feedback-based, adaptive data network |
US20030009559A1 (en) * | 2001-07-09 | 2003-01-09 | Naoya Ikeda | Network system and method of distributing accesses to a plurality of server apparatus in the network system |
US20030008712A1 (en) * | 2001-06-04 | 2003-01-09 | Playnet, Inc. | System and method for distributing a multi-client game/application over a communications network |
US20030014644A1 (en) * | 2001-05-02 | 2003-01-16 | Burns James E. | Method and system for security policy management |
US6510509B1 (en) * | 1999-03-29 | 2003-01-21 | Pmc-Sierra Us, Inc. | Method and apparatus for high-speed network rule processing |
US6510154B1 (en) * | 1995-11-03 | 2003-01-21 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | Security system for network address translation systems |
US20030028770A1 (en) * | 2001-04-18 | 2003-02-06 | Litwin Louis Robert | Method for providing security on a powerline-modem network |
US20030028642A1 (en) * | 2001-08-03 | 2003-02-06 | International Business Machines Corporation | Managing server resources for hosted applications |
US6519615B1 (en) * | 1996-10-11 | 2003-02-11 | Sun Microsystems, Inc. | Method and system for leasing storage |
US20030041159A1 (en) * | 2001-08-17 | 2003-02-27 | David Tinsley | Systems and method for presenting customizable multimedia presentations |
US20030041139A1 (en) * | 2001-08-14 | 2003-02-27 | Smartpipes, Incorporated | Event management for a remote network policy management system |
US6529953B1 (en) * | 1999-12-17 | 2003-03-04 | Reliable Network Solutions | Scalable computer network resource monitoring and location system |
US20030046615A1 (en) * | 2000-12-22 | 2003-03-06 | Alan Stone | System and method for adaptive reliability balancing in distributed programming networks |
US20040002878A1 (en) * | 2002-06-28 | 2004-01-01 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method and system for user-determined authentication in a federated environment |
US6678835B1 (en) * | 1999-06-10 | 2004-01-13 | Alcatel | State transition protocol for high availability units |
US6678821B1 (en) * | 2000-03-23 | 2004-01-13 | E-Witness Inc. | Method and system for restricting access to the private key of a user in a public key infrastructure |
US6684335B1 (en) * | 1999-08-19 | 2004-01-27 | Epstein, Iii Edwin A. | Resistance cell architecture |
US6691165B1 (en) * | 1998-11-10 | 2004-02-10 | Rainfinity, Inc. | Distributed server cluster for controlling network traffic |
US6691168B1 (en) * | 1998-12-31 | 2004-02-10 | Pmc-Sierra | Method and apparatus for high-speed network rule processing |
US6691148B1 (en) * | 1998-03-13 | 2004-02-10 | Verizon Corporate Services Group Inc. | Framework for providing quality of service requirements in a distributed object-oriented computer system |
US6694436B1 (en) * | 1998-05-22 | 2004-02-17 | Activcard | Terminal and system for performing secure electronic transactions |
US6701363B1 (en) * | 2000-02-29 | 2004-03-02 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method, computer program product, and system for deriving web transaction performance metrics |
US20040049365A1 (en) * | 2002-09-11 | 2004-03-11 | International Business Machines Corporation | Methods and apparatus for impact analysis and problem determination |
US20040049509A1 (en) * | 2002-09-11 | 2004-03-11 | International Business Machines Corporation | Methods and apparatus for managing dependencies in distributed systems |
US20040054791A1 (en) * | 2002-09-17 | 2004-03-18 | Krishnendu Chakraborty | System and method for enforcing user policies on a web server |
US20040059812A1 (en) * | 2000-12-14 | 2004-03-25 | Shmuel Assa | Topology information system for a managed world |
US6845160B1 (en) * | 1998-11-12 | 2005-01-18 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Apparatus and method for depositing encryption keys |
US20050021742A1 (en) * | 2003-03-31 | 2005-01-27 | System Management Arts, Inc. | Method and apparatus for multi-realm system modeling |
US6853841B1 (en) * | 2000-10-25 | 2005-02-08 | Sun Microsystems, Inc. | Protocol for a remote control device to enable control of network attached devices |
US6854069B2 (en) * | 2000-05-02 | 2005-02-08 | Sun Microsystems Inc. | Method and system for achieving high availability in a networked computer system |
US6862613B1 (en) * | 2000-01-10 | 2005-03-01 | Sun Microsystems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for managing operations of clustered computer systems |
US20050055435A1 (en) * | 2003-06-30 | 2005-03-10 | Abolade Gbadegesin | Network load balancing with connection manipulation |
US6868454B1 (en) * | 1999-05-06 | 2005-03-15 | Fujitsu Limited | Distributed-object development system and computer-readable recording medium recorded with program for making computer execute distributed-object development |
US6868062B1 (en) * | 2000-03-28 | 2005-03-15 | Intel Corporation | Managing data traffic on multiple ports |
US6983317B1 (en) * | 2000-02-28 | 2006-01-03 | Microsoft Corporation | Enterprise management system |
US6986135B2 (en) * | 2001-09-06 | 2006-01-10 | Cognos Incorporated | Deployment manager for organizing and deploying an application in a distributed computing environment |
US6985956B2 (en) * | 2000-11-02 | 2006-01-10 | Sun Microsystems, Inc. | Switching system |
US6990666B2 (en) * | 2002-03-18 | 2006-01-24 | Surgient Inc. | Near on-line server |
US20060025985A1 (en) * | 2003-03-06 | 2006-02-02 | Microsoft Corporation | Model-Based system management |
US20060025984A1 (en) * | 2004-08-02 | 2006-02-02 | Microsoft Corporation | Automatic validation and calibration of transaction-based performance models |
US20060034263A1 (en) * | 2003-03-06 | 2006-02-16 | Microsoft Corporation | Model and system state synchronization |
US7003574B1 (en) * | 2000-11-01 | 2006-02-21 | Microsoft Corporation | Session load balancing and use of VIP as source address for inter-cluster traffic through the use of a session identifier |
US7003562B2 (en) * | 2001-03-27 | 2006-02-21 | Redseal Systems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for network wide policy-based analysis of configurations of devices |
US20060048017A1 (en) * | 2004-08-30 | 2006-03-02 | International Business Machines Corporation | Techniques for health monitoring and control of application servers |
US7012919B1 (en) * | 2000-04-19 | 2006-03-14 | Caspian Networks, Inc. | Micro-flow label switching |
US7013462B2 (en) * | 2001-05-10 | 2006-03-14 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Method to map an inventory management system to a configuration management system |
US7016950B2 (en) * | 2000-10-24 | 2006-03-21 | Microsoft Corporation | System and method for restricting data transfers and managing software components of distributed computers |
US20070006177A1 (en) * | 2005-05-10 | 2007-01-04 | International Business Machines Corporation | Automatic generation of hybrid performance models |
US7162509B2 (en) * | 2003-03-06 | 2007-01-09 | Microsoft Corporation | Architecture for distributed computing system and automated design, deployment, and management of distributed applications |
US7181731B2 (en) * | 2000-09-01 | 2007-02-20 | Op40, Inc. | Method, system, and structure for distributing and executing software and data on different network and computer devices, platforms, and environments |
US7188335B1 (en) * | 2001-12-28 | 2007-03-06 | Trilogy Development Group, Inc. | Product configuration using configuration patterns |
US7191429B2 (en) * | 2001-09-28 | 2007-03-13 | Manyeta Informatique Inc. | System and method for managing architectural layers within a software model |
US7194439B2 (en) * | 2001-04-30 | 2007-03-20 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method and system for correlating job accounting information with software license information |
US7194616B2 (en) * | 2001-10-27 | 2007-03-20 | International Business Machines Corporation | Flexible temporary capacity upgrade/downgrade in a computer system without involvement of the operating system |
US7197418B2 (en) * | 2001-08-15 | 2007-03-27 | National Instruments Corporation | Online specification of a system which compares determined devices and installed devices |
US7315801B1 (en) * | 2000-01-14 | 2008-01-01 | Secure Computing Corporation | Network security modeling system and method |
US7333000B2 (en) * | 2004-11-12 | 2008-02-19 | Afco Systems Development, Inc. | Tracking system and method for electrically powered equipment |
US20080059214A1 (en) * | 2003-03-06 | 2008-03-06 | Microsoft Corporation | Model-Based Policy Application |
US7349891B2 (en) * | 2001-09-07 | 2008-03-25 | International Business Machines Corporation | Site integration management system for operational support service in an internet data center |
US7350068B2 (en) * | 2005-04-22 | 2008-03-25 | International Business Machines Corporation | Server blade network boot method that minimizes required network bandwidth |
US7350186B2 (en) * | 2003-03-10 | 2008-03-25 | International Business Machines Corporation | Methods and apparatus for managing computing deployment in presence of variable workload |
Family Cites Families (77)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5031089A (en) * | 1988-12-30 | 1991-07-09 | United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator, National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Dynamic resource allocation scheme for distributed heterogeneous computer systems |
JPH0488489A (en) | 1990-08-01 | 1992-03-23 | Internatl Business Mach Corp <Ibm> | Character recognizing device and method using generalized half conversion |
JPH04287290A (en) | 1990-11-20 | 1992-10-12 | Imra America Inc | Hough transformation picture processor |
DE69228621T2 (en) | 1991-02-25 | 1999-07-22 | Hewlett Packard Co | Object-oriented distributed computer system |
US6115393A (en) | 1991-04-12 | 2000-09-05 | Concord Communications, Inc. | Network monitoring |
US5801970A (en) | 1995-12-06 | 1998-09-01 | Martin Marietta Corporation | Model-based feature tracking system |
US5898830A (en) | 1996-10-17 | 1999-04-27 | Network Engineering Software | Firewall providing enhanced network security and user transparency |
US5768271A (en) * | 1996-04-12 | 1998-06-16 | Alcatel Data Networks Inc. | Virtual private network |
US5748958A (en) | 1996-04-30 | 1998-05-05 | International Business Machines Corporation | System for utilizing batch requests to present membership changes to process groups |
US5948055A (en) * | 1996-08-29 | 1999-09-07 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Distributed internet monitoring system and method |
US5845277A (en) | 1996-12-19 | 1998-12-01 | Mci Communications Corporation | Production of statistically-based network maps |
JPH10208056A (en) | 1997-01-16 | 1998-08-07 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Line detection method |
US5826015A (en) * | 1997-02-20 | 1998-10-20 | Digital Equipment Corporation | Method and apparatus for secure remote programming of firmware and configurations of a computer over a network |
US6266721B1 (en) * | 1997-05-13 | 2001-07-24 | Micron Electronics, Inc. | System architecture for remote access and control of environmental management |
US6070243A (en) | 1997-06-13 | 2000-05-30 | Xylan Corporation | Deterministic user authentication service for communication network |
US6389464B1 (en) | 1997-06-27 | 2002-05-14 | Cornet Technology, Inc. | Device management system for managing standards-compliant and non-compliant network elements using standard management protocols and a universal site server which is configurable from remote locations via internet browser technology |
US6108699A (en) | 1997-06-27 | 2000-08-22 | Sun Microsystems, Inc. | System and method for modifying membership in a clustered distributed computer system and updating system configuration |
US5960371A (en) | 1997-09-04 | 1999-09-28 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Method of determining dips and azimuths of fractures from borehole images |
US6141749A (en) | 1997-09-12 | 2000-10-31 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Methods and apparatus for a computer network firewall with stateful packet filtering |
US6377993B1 (en) * | 1997-09-26 | 2002-04-23 | Mci Worldcom, Inc. | Integrated proxy interface for web based data management reports |
EP0907145A3 (en) | 1997-10-03 | 2003-03-26 | Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation | Method and equipment for extracting image features from image sequence |
US5999712A (en) | 1997-10-21 | 1999-12-07 | Sun Microsystems, Inc. | Determining cluster membership in a distributed computer system |
US6125447A (en) | 1997-12-11 | 2000-09-26 | Sun Microsystems, Inc. | Protection domains to provide security in a computer system |
US6484261B1 (en) | 1998-02-17 | 2002-11-19 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | Graphical network security policy management |
US6496187B1 (en) | 1998-02-17 | 2002-12-17 | Sun Microsystems, Inc. | Graphics system configured to perform parallel sample to pixel calculation |
WO1999052237A1 (en) | 1998-04-03 | 1999-10-14 | Vertical Networks Inc. | System and method for transmitting voice and data using intelligent bridged tdm and packet buses |
US6208345B1 (en) | 1998-04-15 | 2001-03-27 | Adc Telecommunications, Inc. | Visual data integration system and method |
US6311144B1 (en) | 1998-05-13 | 2001-10-30 | Nabil A. Abu El Ata | Method and apparatus for designing and analyzing information systems using multi-layer mathematical models |
US6259448B1 (en) | 1998-06-03 | 2001-07-10 | International Business Machines Corporation | Resource model configuration and deployment in a distributed computer network |
IL124770A0 (en) | 1998-06-04 | 1999-01-26 | Shunra Software Ltd | Apparatus and method for testing network applications |
US6311217B1 (en) | 1998-06-04 | 2001-10-30 | Compaq Computer Corporation | Method and apparatus for improved cluster administration |
US6427163B1 (en) | 1998-07-10 | 2002-07-30 | International Business Machines Corporation | Highly scalable and highly available cluster system management scheme |
US6466932B1 (en) | 1998-08-14 | 2002-10-15 | Microsoft Corporation | System and method for implementing group policy |
US6266707B1 (en) | 1998-08-17 | 2001-07-24 | International Business Machines Corporation | System and method for IP network address translation and IP filtering with dynamic address resolution |
US6717949B1 (en) | 1998-08-31 | 2004-04-06 | International Business Machines Corporation | System and method for IP network address translation using selective masquerade |
US6324571B1 (en) | 1998-09-21 | 2001-11-27 | Microsoft Corporation | Floating single master operation |
US6230312B1 (en) | 1998-10-02 | 2001-05-08 | Microsoft Corporation | Automatic detection of per-unit location constraints |
US6728885B1 (en) | 1998-10-09 | 2004-04-27 | Networks Associates Technology, Inc. | System and method for network access control using adaptive proxies |
US6286052B1 (en) | 1998-12-04 | 2001-09-04 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | Method and apparatus for identifying network data traffic flows and for applying quality of service treatments to the flows |
US6212559B1 (en) | 1998-10-28 | 2001-04-03 | Trw Inc. | Automated configuration of internet-like computer networks |
US6393456B1 (en) * | 1998-11-30 | 2002-05-21 | Microsoft Corporation | System, method, and computer program product for workflow processing using internet interoperable electronic messaging with mime multiple content type |
US6393474B1 (en) | 1998-12-31 | 2002-05-21 | 3Com Corporation | Dynamic policy management apparatus and method using active network devices |
US6564261B1 (en) * | 1999-05-10 | 2003-05-13 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Distributed system to intelligently establish sessions between anonymous users over various networks |
US6470332B1 (en) * | 1999-05-19 | 2002-10-22 | Sun Microsystems, Inc. | System, method and computer program product for searching for, and retrieving, profile attributes based on other target profile attributes and associated profiles |
US6957186B1 (en) | 1999-05-27 | 2005-10-18 | Accenture Llp | System method and article of manufacture for building, managing, and supporting various components of a system |
US6631141B1 (en) | 1999-05-27 | 2003-10-07 | Ibm Corporation | Methods, systems and computer program products for selecting an aggregator interface |
US6968371B1 (en) | 1999-06-23 | 2005-11-22 | Clearwire Corporation | Design for scalable network management systems |
US6466984B1 (en) | 1999-07-02 | 2002-10-15 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | Method and apparatus for policy-based management of quality of service treatments of network data traffic flows by integrating policies with application programs |
US6549516B1 (en) | 1999-07-02 | 2003-04-15 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | Sending instructions from a service manager to forwarding agents on a need to know basis |
US6584499B1 (en) | 1999-07-09 | 2003-06-24 | Lsi Logic Corporation | Methods and apparatus for performing mass operations on a plurality of managed devices on a network |
US6480955B1 (en) | 1999-07-09 | 2002-11-12 | Lsi Logic Corporation | Methods and apparatus for committing configuration changes to managed devices prior to completion of the configuration change |
US6466978B1 (en) | 1999-07-28 | 2002-10-15 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Multimedia file systems using file managers located on clients for managing network attached storage devices |
US6587876B1 (en) | 1999-08-24 | 2003-07-01 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company | Grouping targets of management policies |
US6370573B1 (en) | 1999-08-31 | 2002-04-09 | Accenture Llp | System, method and article of manufacture for managing an environment of a development architecture framework |
US6487622B1 (en) | 1999-10-28 | 2002-11-26 | Ncr Corporation | Quorum arbitrator for a high availability system |
US6609148B1 (en) | 1999-11-10 | 2003-08-19 | Randy Salo | Clients remote access to enterprise networks employing enterprise gateway servers in a centralized data center converting plurality of data requests for messaging and collaboration into a single request |
US6615256B1 (en) | 1999-11-29 | 2003-09-02 | Microsoft Corporation | Quorum resource arbiter within a storage network |
US6769008B1 (en) | 2000-01-10 | 2004-07-27 | Sun Microsystems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for dynamically altering configurations of clustered computer systems |
US6493715B1 (en) | 2000-01-12 | 2002-12-10 | International Business Machines Corporation | Delivery of configuration change in a group |
US6754716B1 (en) * | 2000-02-11 | 2004-06-22 | Ensim Corporation | Restricting communication between network devices on a common network |
JP3790655B2 (en) | 2000-03-06 | 2006-06-28 | 富士通株式会社 | Label switch network system |
US6601101B1 (en) | 2000-03-15 | 2003-07-29 | 3Com Corporation | Transparent access to network attached devices |
US6748447B1 (en) | 2000-04-07 | 2004-06-08 | Network Appliance, Inc. | Method and apparatus for scalable distribution of information in a distributed network |
US6904458B1 (en) | 2000-04-26 | 2005-06-07 | Microsoft Corporation | System and method for remote management |
US7054943B1 (en) | 2000-04-28 | 2006-05-30 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method and apparatus for dynamically adjusting resources assigned to plurality of customers, for meeting service level agreements (slas) with minimal resources, and allowing common pools of resources to be used across plural customers on a demand basis |
US6801937B1 (en) | 2000-05-31 | 2004-10-05 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method, system and program products for defining nodes to a cluster |
US7418489B2 (en) | 2000-06-07 | 2008-08-26 | Microsoft Corporation | Method and apparatus for applying policies |
US6718379B1 (en) | 2000-06-09 | 2004-04-06 | Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. | System and method for network management of local area networks having non-blocking network switches configured for switching data packets between subnetworks based on management policies |
US6609213B1 (en) * | 2000-08-10 | 2003-08-19 | Dell Products, L.P. | Cluster-based system and method of recovery from server failures |
US6907395B1 (en) * | 2000-10-24 | 2005-06-14 | Microsoft Corporation | System and method for designing a logical model of a distributed computer system and deploying physical resources according to the logical model |
US7069337B2 (en) | 2001-03-20 | 2006-06-27 | Mci, Inc. | Policy-based synchronization of per-class resources between routers in a data network |
US7159125B2 (en) | 2001-08-14 | 2007-01-02 | Endforce, Inc. | Policy engine for modular generation of policy for a flat, per-device database |
US7188364B2 (en) | 2001-12-20 | 2007-03-06 | Cranite Systems, Inc. | Personal virtual bridged local area networks |
US7506058B2 (en) | 2001-12-28 | 2009-03-17 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method for transmitting information across firewalls |
US8611363B2 (en) | 2002-05-06 | 2013-12-17 | Adtran, Inc. | Logical port system and method |
US6801528B2 (en) | 2002-07-03 | 2004-10-05 | Ericsson Inc. | System and method for dynamic simultaneous connection to multiple service providers |
US20040078787A1 (en) | 2002-07-19 | 2004-04-22 | Michael Borek | System and method for troubleshooting, maintaining and repairing network devices |
-
2000
- 2000-10-24 US US09/696,707 patent/US6907395B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2004
- 2004-12-09 US US11/008,730 patent/US20050125212A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-12-09 US US11/008,685 patent/US7155380B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (99)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4200770A (en) * | 1977-09-06 | 1980-04-29 | Stanford University | Cryptographic apparatus and method |
US4424414A (en) * | 1978-05-01 | 1984-01-03 | Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Exponentiation cryptographic apparatus and method |
US6353861B1 (en) * | 1991-03-18 | 2002-03-05 | Echelon Corporation | Method and apparatus for treating a logical programming expression as an event in an event-driven computer environment |
US5490276A (en) * | 1991-03-18 | 1996-02-06 | Echelon Corporation | Programming language structures for use in a network for communicating, sensing and controlling information |
US5499357A (en) * | 1993-05-28 | 1996-03-12 | Xerox Corporation | Process for configuration management |
US6012113A (en) * | 1994-03-24 | 2000-01-04 | Multi-Tech Systems, Inc. | Method for connecting a plurality of communication applications with an actual communication port by emulating a plurality of virtual modems |
US5872928A (en) * | 1995-02-24 | 1999-02-16 | Cabletron Systems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for defining and enforcing policies for configuration management in communications networks |
US5724508A (en) * | 1995-03-09 | 1998-03-03 | Insoft, Inc. | Apparatus for collaborative computing |
US6195091B1 (en) * | 1995-03-09 | 2001-02-27 | Netscape Communications Corporation | Apparatus for collaborative computing |
US5895499A (en) * | 1995-07-03 | 1999-04-20 | Sun Microsystems, Inc. | Cross-domain data transfer using deferred page remapping |
US5872914A (en) * | 1995-08-31 | 1999-02-16 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method and apparatus for an account managed object class model in a distributed computing environment |
US6510154B1 (en) * | 1995-11-03 | 2003-01-21 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | Security system for network address translation systems |
US5867706A (en) * | 1996-01-26 | 1999-02-02 | International Business Machines Corp. | Method of load balancing across the processors of a server |
US6052469A (en) * | 1996-07-29 | 2000-04-18 | International Business Machines Corporation | Interoperable cryptographic key recovery system with verification by comparison |
US6519615B1 (en) * | 1996-10-11 | 2003-02-11 | Sun Microsystems, Inc. | Method and system for leasing storage |
US6209099B1 (en) * | 1996-12-18 | 2001-03-27 | Ncr Corporation | Secure data processing method and system |
US6353898B1 (en) * | 1997-02-21 | 2002-03-05 | Novell, Inc. | Resource management in a clustered computer system |
US6338112B1 (en) * | 1997-02-21 | 2002-01-08 | Novell, Inc. | Resource management in a clustered computer system |
US6049528A (en) * | 1997-06-30 | 2000-04-11 | Sun Microsystems, Inc. | Trunking ethernet-compatible networks |
US6185308B1 (en) * | 1997-07-07 | 2001-02-06 | Fujitsu Limited | Key recovery system |
US6041054A (en) * | 1997-09-24 | 2000-03-21 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson | Efficient transport of internet protocol packets using asynchronous transfer mode adaptation layer two |
US6192401B1 (en) * | 1997-10-21 | 2001-02-20 | Sun Microsystems, Inc. | System and method for determining cluster membership in a heterogeneous distributed system |
US6047325A (en) * | 1997-10-24 | 2000-04-04 | Jain; Lalit | Network device for supporting construction of virtual local area networks on arbitrary local and wide area computer networks |
US6178529B1 (en) * | 1997-11-03 | 2001-01-23 | Microsoft Corporation | Method and system for resource monitoring of disparate resources in a server cluster |
US6182275B1 (en) * | 1998-01-26 | 2001-01-30 | Dell Usa, L.P. | Generation of a compatible order for a computer system |
US6208649B1 (en) * | 1998-03-11 | 2001-03-27 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | Derived VLAN mapping technique |
US6691148B1 (en) * | 1998-03-13 | 2004-02-10 | Verizon Corporate Services Group Inc. | Framework for providing quality of service requirements in a distributed object-oriented computer system |
US6215877B1 (en) * | 1998-03-20 | 2001-04-10 | Fujitsu Limited | Key management server, chat system terminal unit, chat system and recording medium |
US20020022952A1 (en) * | 1998-03-26 | 2002-02-21 | David Zager | Dynamic modeling of complex networks and prediction of impacts of faults therein |
US6694436B1 (en) * | 1998-05-22 | 2004-02-17 | Activcard | Terminal and system for performing secure electronic transactions |
US6360265B1 (en) * | 1998-07-08 | 2002-03-19 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Arrangement of delivering internet protocol datagrams for multimedia services to the same server |
US6336138B1 (en) * | 1998-08-25 | 2002-01-01 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Template-driven approach for generating models on network services |
US6215878B1 (en) * | 1998-10-20 | 2001-04-10 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | Group key distribution |
US6691165B1 (en) * | 1998-11-10 | 2004-02-10 | Rainfinity, Inc. | Distributed server cluster for controlling network traffic |
US6845160B1 (en) * | 1998-11-12 | 2005-01-18 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Apparatus and method for depositing encryption keys |
US6336171B1 (en) * | 1998-12-23 | 2002-01-01 | Ncr Corporation | Resource protection in a cluster environment |
US6691168B1 (en) * | 1998-12-31 | 2004-02-10 | Pmc-Sierra | Method and apparatus for high-speed network rule processing |
US6341356B1 (en) * | 1999-03-25 | 2002-01-22 | International Business Machines Corporation | System for I/O path load balancing and failure which can be ported to a plurality of operating environments |
US6510509B1 (en) * | 1999-03-29 | 2003-01-21 | Pmc-Sierra Us, Inc. | Method and apparatus for high-speed network rule processing |
US6868454B1 (en) * | 1999-05-06 | 2005-03-15 | Fujitsu Limited | Distributed-object development system and computer-readable recording medium recorded with program for making computer execute distributed-object development |
US6678835B1 (en) * | 1999-06-10 | 2004-01-13 | Alcatel | State transition protocol for high availability units |
US6505244B1 (en) * | 1999-06-29 | 2003-01-07 | Cisco Technology Inc. | Policy engine which supports application specific plug-ins for enforcing policies in a feedback-based, adaptive data network |
US6684335B1 (en) * | 1999-08-19 | 2004-01-27 | Epstein, Iii Edwin A. | Resistance cell architecture |
US6351685B1 (en) * | 1999-11-05 | 2002-02-26 | International Business Machines Corporation | Wireless communication between multiple intelligent pickers and with a central job queue in an automated data storage library |
US6529953B1 (en) * | 1999-12-17 | 2003-03-04 | Reliable Network Solutions | Scalable computer network resource monitoring and location system |
US6862613B1 (en) * | 2000-01-10 | 2005-03-01 | Sun Microsystems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for managing operations of clustered computer systems |
US7315801B1 (en) * | 2000-01-14 | 2008-01-01 | Secure Computing Corporation | Network security modeling system and method |
US6983317B1 (en) * | 2000-02-28 | 2006-01-03 | Microsoft Corporation | Enterprise management system |
US6701363B1 (en) * | 2000-02-29 | 2004-03-02 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method, computer program product, and system for deriving web transaction performance metrics |
US6678821B1 (en) * | 2000-03-23 | 2004-01-13 | E-Witness Inc. | Method and system for restricting access to the private key of a user in a public key infrastructure |
US6868062B1 (en) * | 2000-03-28 | 2005-03-15 | Intel Corporation | Managing data traffic on multiple ports |
US7012919B1 (en) * | 2000-04-19 | 2006-03-14 | Caspian Networks, Inc. | Micro-flow label switching |
US6854069B2 (en) * | 2000-05-02 | 2005-02-08 | Sun Microsystems Inc. | Method and system for achieving high availability in a networked computer system |
US20020010771A1 (en) * | 2000-05-24 | 2002-01-24 | Davide Mandato | Universal QoS adaptation framework for mobile multimedia applications |
US20020009079A1 (en) * | 2000-06-23 | 2002-01-24 | Jungck Peder J. | Edge adapter apparatus and method |
US7181731B2 (en) * | 2000-09-01 | 2007-02-20 | Op40, Inc. | Method, system, and structure for distributing and executing software and data on different network and computer devices, platforms, and environments |
US20020038421A1 (en) * | 2000-09-27 | 2002-03-28 | Nec Corporation | Encrypted file system, encrypted file retrieval method, and computer-readable medium |
US7016950B2 (en) * | 2000-10-24 | 2006-03-21 | Microsoft Corporation | System and method for restricting data transfers and managing software components of distributed computers |
US6853841B1 (en) * | 2000-10-25 | 2005-02-08 | Sun Microsystems, Inc. | Protocol for a remote control device to enable control of network attached devices |
US7003574B1 (en) * | 2000-11-01 | 2006-02-21 | Microsoft Corporation | Session load balancing and use of VIP as source address for inter-cluster traffic through the use of a session identifier |
US6985956B2 (en) * | 2000-11-02 | 2006-01-10 | Sun Microsystems, Inc. | Switching system |
US20040059812A1 (en) * | 2000-12-14 | 2004-03-25 | Shmuel Assa | Topology information system for a managed world |
US20030046615A1 (en) * | 2000-12-22 | 2003-03-06 | Alan Stone | System and method for adaptive reliability balancing in distributed programming networks |
US7003562B2 (en) * | 2001-03-27 | 2006-02-21 | Redseal Systems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for network wide policy-based analysis of configurations of devices |
US20030028770A1 (en) * | 2001-04-18 | 2003-02-06 | Litwin Louis Robert | Method for providing security on a powerline-modem network |
US7194439B2 (en) * | 2001-04-30 | 2007-03-20 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method and system for correlating job accounting information with software license information |
US20030014644A1 (en) * | 2001-05-02 | 2003-01-16 | Burns James E. | Method and system for security policy management |
US7013462B2 (en) * | 2001-05-10 | 2006-03-14 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Method to map an inventory management system to a configuration management system |
US20030008712A1 (en) * | 2001-06-04 | 2003-01-09 | Playnet, Inc. | System and method for distributing a multi-client game/application over a communications network |
US20030009559A1 (en) * | 2001-07-09 | 2003-01-09 | Naoya Ikeda | Network system and method of distributing accesses to a plurality of server apparatus in the network system |
US7174379B2 (en) * | 2001-08-03 | 2007-02-06 | International Business Machines Corporation | Managing server resources for hosted applications |
US20030028642A1 (en) * | 2001-08-03 | 2003-02-06 | International Business Machines Corporation | Managing server resources for hosted applications |
US20030041139A1 (en) * | 2001-08-14 | 2003-02-27 | Smartpipes, Incorporated | Event management for a remote network policy management system |
US7197418B2 (en) * | 2001-08-15 | 2007-03-27 | National Instruments Corporation | Online specification of a system which compares determined devices and installed devices |
US20030041159A1 (en) * | 2001-08-17 | 2003-02-27 | David Tinsley | Systems and method for presenting customizable multimedia presentations |
US6986135B2 (en) * | 2001-09-06 | 2006-01-10 | Cognos Incorporated | Deployment manager for organizing and deploying an application in a distributed computing environment |
US7349891B2 (en) * | 2001-09-07 | 2008-03-25 | International Business Machines Corporation | Site integration management system for operational support service in an internet data center |
US7191429B2 (en) * | 2001-09-28 | 2007-03-13 | Manyeta Informatique Inc. | System and method for managing architectural layers within a software model |
US7194616B2 (en) * | 2001-10-27 | 2007-03-20 | International Business Machines Corporation | Flexible temporary capacity upgrade/downgrade in a computer system without involvement of the operating system |
US7188335B1 (en) * | 2001-12-28 | 2007-03-06 | Trilogy Development Group, Inc. | Product configuration using configuration patterns |
US6990666B2 (en) * | 2002-03-18 | 2006-01-24 | Surgient Inc. | Near on-line server |
US20040002878A1 (en) * | 2002-06-28 | 2004-01-01 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method and system for user-determined authentication in a federated environment |
US20040049509A1 (en) * | 2002-09-11 | 2004-03-11 | International Business Machines Corporation | Methods and apparatus for managing dependencies in distributed systems |
US20040049365A1 (en) * | 2002-09-11 | 2004-03-11 | International Business Machines Corporation | Methods and apparatus for impact analysis and problem determination |
US20040054791A1 (en) * | 2002-09-17 | 2004-03-18 | Krishnendu Chakraborty | System and method for enforcing user policies on a web server |
US7162509B2 (en) * | 2003-03-06 | 2007-01-09 | Microsoft Corporation | Architecture for distributed computing system and automated design, deployment, and management of distributed applications |
US20080059214A1 (en) * | 2003-03-06 | 2008-03-06 | Microsoft Corporation | Model-Based Policy Application |
US20060034263A1 (en) * | 2003-03-06 | 2006-02-16 | Microsoft Corporation | Model and system state synchronization |
US20060037002A1 (en) * | 2003-03-06 | 2006-02-16 | Microsoft Corporation | Model-based provisioning of test environments |
US20060031248A1 (en) * | 2003-03-06 | 2006-02-09 | Microsoft Corporation | Model-based system provisioning |
US20060025985A1 (en) * | 2003-03-06 | 2006-02-02 | Microsoft Corporation | Model-Based system management |
US7350186B2 (en) * | 2003-03-10 | 2008-03-25 | International Business Machines Corporation | Methods and apparatus for managing computing deployment in presence of variable workload |
US20050021742A1 (en) * | 2003-03-31 | 2005-01-27 | System Management Arts, Inc. | Method and apparatus for multi-realm system modeling |
US20050055435A1 (en) * | 2003-06-30 | 2005-03-10 | Abolade Gbadegesin | Network load balancing with connection manipulation |
US20060025984A1 (en) * | 2004-08-02 | 2006-02-02 | Microsoft Corporation | Automatic validation and calibration of transaction-based performance models |
US20060048017A1 (en) * | 2004-08-30 | 2006-03-02 | International Business Machines Corporation | Techniques for health monitoring and control of application servers |
US7333000B2 (en) * | 2004-11-12 | 2008-02-19 | Afco Systems Development, Inc. | Tracking system and method for electrically powered equipment |
US7350068B2 (en) * | 2005-04-22 | 2008-03-25 | International Business Machines Corporation | Server blade network boot method that minimizes required network bandwidth |
US20070006177A1 (en) * | 2005-05-10 | 2007-01-04 | International Business Machines Corporation | Automatic generation of hybrid performance models |
Cited By (69)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7739380B2 (en) | 2000-10-24 | 2010-06-15 | Microsoft Corporation | System and method for distributed management of shared computers |
US7711121B2 (en) | 2000-10-24 | 2010-05-04 | Microsoft Corporation | System and method for distributed management of shared computers |
US20070250608A1 (en) * | 2001-11-08 | 2007-10-25 | Watt Charles T | System and method for dynamic server allocation and provisioning |
US7213065B2 (en) * | 2001-11-08 | 2007-05-01 | Racemi, Inc. | System and method for dynamic server allocation and provisioning |
US20030126202A1 (en) * | 2001-11-08 | 2003-07-03 | Watt Charles T. | System and method for dynamic server allocation and provisioning |
US7684964B2 (en) | 2003-03-06 | 2010-03-23 | Microsoft Corporation | Model and system state synchronization |
US7890543B2 (en) | 2003-03-06 | 2011-02-15 | Microsoft Corporation | Architecture for distributed computing system and automated design, deployment, and management of distributed applications |
US7689676B2 (en) | 2003-03-06 | 2010-03-30 | Microsoft Corporation | Model-based policy application |
US7890951B2 (en) | 2003-03-06 | 2011-02-15 | Microsoft Corporation | Model-based provisioning of test environments |
US7886041B2 (en) | 2003-03-06 | 2011-02-08 | Microsoft Corporation | Design time validation of systems |
US7792931B2 (en) | 2003-03-06 | 2010-09-07 | Microsoft Corporation | Model-based system provisioning |
US8122106B2 (en) | 2003-03-06 | 2012-02-21 | Microsoft Corporation | Integrating design, deployment, and management phases for systems |
US20050091215A1 (en) * | 2003-09-29 | 2005-04-28 | Chandra Tushar D. | Technique for provisioning storage for servers in an on-demand environment |
US7778422B2 (en) | 2004-02-27 | 2010-08-17 | Microsoft Corporation | Security associations for devices |
US7669235B2 (en) | 2004-04-30 | 2010-02-23 | Microsoft Corporation | Secure domain join for computing devices |
US7971089B2 (en) * | 2004-10-18 | 2011-06-28 | Fujitsu Limited | Switching connection of a boot disk to a substitute server and moving the failed server to a server domain pool |
US8224941B2 (en) | 2004-10-18 | 2012-07-17 | Fujitsu Limited | Method, apparatus, and computer product for managing operation |
US20070234351A1 (en) * | 2004-10-18 | 2007-10-04 | Satoshi Iyoda | Method, apparatus, and computer product for managing operation |
US20070233872A1 (en) * | 2004-10-18 | 2007-10-04 | Fujitsu Limited | Method, apparatus, and computer product for managing operation |
US20070234116A1 (en) * | 2004-10-18 | 2007-10-04 | Fujitsu Limited | Method, apparatus, and computer product for managing operation |
US8387013B2 (en) | 2004-10-18 | 2013-02-26 | Fujitsu Limited | Method, apparatus, and computer product for managing operation |
US8489728B2 (en) | 2005-04-15 | 2013-07-16 | Microsoft Corporation | Model-based system monitoring |
US7797147B2 (en) | 2005-04-15 | 2010-09-14 | Microsoft Corporation | Model-based system monitoring |
US8549513B2 (en) | 2005-06-29 | 2013-10-01 | Microsoft Corporation | Model-based virtual system provisioning |
US9317270B2 (en) | 2005-06-29 | 2016-04-19 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Model-based virtual system provisioning |
US9811368B2 (en) | 2005-06-29 | 2017-11-07 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Model-based virtual system provisioning |
US10540159B2 (en) | 2005-06-29 | 2020-01-21 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Model-based virtual system provisioning |
WO2007055839A1 (en) * | 2005-11-02 | 2007-05-18 | Microsoft Corporation | Modeling it operations/policies |
JP2009515252A (en) * | 2005-11-02 | 2009-04-09 | マイクロソフト コーポレーション | IT operation / policy modeling method |
US7941309B2 (en) | 2005-11-02 | 2011-05-10 | Microsoft Corporation | Modeling IT operations/policies |
US20080104389A1 (en) * | 2006-10-31 | 2008-05-01 | Jon Duane Warden | Computer system model generation with tracking of actual computer system configuration |
US7743244B2 (en) * | 2006-10-31 | 2010-06-22 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Computer system model generation with tracking of actual computer system configuration |
US8024396B2 (en) | 2007-04-26 | 2011-09-20 | Microsoft Corporation | Distributed behavior controlled execution of modeled applications |
US20080270411A1 (en) * | 2007-04-26 | 2008-10-30 | Microsoft Corporation | Distributed behavior controlled execution of modeled applications |
US20090006063A1 (en) * | 2007-06-29 | 2009-01-01 | Microsoft Corporation | Tuning and optimizing distributed systems with declarative models |
JP2010532532A (en) * | 2007-06-29 | 2010-10-07 | マイクロソフト コーポレーション | Staged implementation of declarative models in distributed systems |
US8099494B2 (en) * | 2007-06-29 | 2012-01-17 | Microsoft Corporation | Tuning and optimizing distributed systems with declarative models |
US8239505B2 (en) | 2007-06-29 | 2012-08-07 | Microsoft Corporation | Progressively implementing declarative models in distributed systems |
US20090006062A1 (en) * | 2007-06-29 | 2009-01-01 | Microsoft Corporation | Progressively implementing declarative models in distributed systems |
US7970892B2 (en) * | 2007-06-29 | 2011-06-28 | Microsoft Corporation | Tuning and optimizing distributed systems with declarative models |
US20110179151A1 (en) * | 2007-06-29 | 2011-07-21 | Microsoft Corporation | Tuning and optimizing distributed systems with declarative models |
US8230386B2 (en) | 2007-08-23 | 2012-07-24 | Microsoft Corporation | Monitoring distributed applications |
US20090112873A1 (en) * | 2007-10-26 | 2009-04-30 | Microsoft Corporation | Processing model-based commands for distributed applications |
US8181151B2 (en) | 2007-10-26 | 2012-05-15 | Microsoft Corporation | Modeling and managing heterogeneous applications |
WO2009055755A2 (en) * | 2007-10-26 | 2009-04-30 | Microsoft Corporation | Performing requested commands for model-based applications |
US7926070B2 (en) | 2007-10-26 | 2011-04-12 | Microsoft Corporation | Performing requested commands for model-based applications |
US8099720B2 (en) | 2007-10-26 | 2012-01-17 | Microsoft Corporation | Translating declarative models |
US20090113407A1 (en) * | 2007-10-26 | 2009-04-30 | Microsoft Corporation | Managing software lifecycle |
US20090113379A1 (en) * | 2007-10-26 | 2009-04-30 | Microsoft Corporation | Modeling and managing heterogeneous applications |
US8306996B2 (en) | 2007-10-26 | 2012-11-06 | Microsoft Corporation | Processing model-based commands for distributed applications |
US20090112932A1 (en) * | 2007-10-26 | 2009-04-30 | Microsoft Corporation | Visualizing key performance indicators for model-based applications |
US7814198B2 (en) | 2007-10-26 | 2010-10-12 | Microsoft Corporation | Model-driven, repository-based application monitoring system |
US8225308B2 (en) | 2007-10-26 | 2012-07-17 | Microsoft Corporation | Managing software lifecycle |
WO2009055755A3 (en) * | 2007-10-26 | 2009-06-11 | Microsoft Corp | Performing requested commands for model-based applications |
US8443347B2 (en) | 2007-10-26 | 2013-05-14 | Microsoft Corporation | Translating declarative models |
US7974939B2 (en) * | 2007-10-26 | 2011-07-05 | Microsoft Corporation | Processing model-based commands for distributed applications |
US20100131507A1 (en) * | 2008-06-27 | 2010-05-27 | Cbs Interactive, Inc. | Personalization engine for building a dynamic classification dictionary |
US20090327243A1 (en) * | 2008-06-27 | 2009-12-31 | Cbs Interactive, Inc. | Personalization engine for classifying unstructured documents |
US8234263B2 (en) | 2008-06-27 | 2012-07-31 | Cbs Interactive Inc. | Personalization engine for building a dynamic classification dictionary |
US8214346B2 (en) * | 2008-06-27 | 2012-07-03 | Cbs Interactive Inc. | Personalization engine for classifying unstructured documents |
US9268843B2 (en) | 2008-06-27 | 2016-02-23 | Cbs Interactive Inc. | Personalization engine for building a user profile |
US8140515B2 (en) * | 2008-06-27 | 2012-03-20 | Cbs Interactive Inc. | Personalization engine for building a user profile |
US9619467B2 (en) | 2008-06-27 | 2017-04-11 | Cbs Interactive Inc. | Personalization engine for building a dynamic classification dictionary |
US20110066615A1 (en) * | 2008-06-27 | 2011-03-17 | Cbs Interactive, Inc. | Personalization engine for building a user profile |
US20110106829A1 (en) * | 2008-06-27 | 2011-05-05 | Cbs Interactive, Inc. | Personalization engine for building a user profile |
US20100235231A1 (en) * | 2009-01-30 | 2010-09-16 | Cbs Interactive, Inc. | Lead acquisition, promotion and inventory management system and method |
WO2015149673A1 (en) * | 2014-04-02 | 2015-10-08 | Tencent Technology (Shenzhen) Company Limited | Method, server, and system for sharing resource data |
CN104980454A (en) * | 2014-04-02 | 2015-10-14 | 腾讯科技(深圳)有限公司 | Method, server and system for sharing resource data |
US10455003B2 (en) | 2014-04-02 | 2019-10-22 | Tencent Technology (Shenzhen) Company Limited | Method, server, and system for sharing resource data |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US7155380B2 (en) | 2006-12-26 |
US6907395B1 (en) | 2005-06-14 |
US20050102538A1 (en) | 2005-05-12 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US7155380B2 (en) | System and method for designing a logical model of a distributed computer system and deploying physical resources according to the logical model | |
US6915338B1 (en) | System and method providing automatic policy enforcement in a multi-computer service application | |
US7574343B2 (en) | System and method for logical modeling of distributed computer systems | |
US11481244B2 (en) | Methods and systems that verify endpoints and external tasks in release-pipeline prior to execution | |
US6976262B1 (en) | Web-based enterprise management with multiple repository capability | |
US7590623B2 (en) | Automated management of software images for efficient resource node building within a grid environment | |
Kosar et al. | A framework for reliable and efficient data placement in distributed computing systems | |
US7533170B2 (en) | Coordinating the monitoring, management, and prediction of unintended changes within a grid environment | |
US7793308B2 (en) | Setting operation based resource utilization thresholds for resource use by a process | |
CN100530160C (en) | Architecture for distributed computing system and automated design, deployment, and management of distributed applications | |
US7490265B2 (en) | Recovery segment identification in a computing infrastructure | |
EP1107108A1 (en) | System and method for managing the configuration of hierarchically networked data processing devices | |
JP2007500383A (en) | Application start protocol | |
JP2007518169A (en) | Maintaining application behavior within a sub-optimal grid environment | |
US8065346B1 (en) | Graphical user interface architecture for namespace and storage management | |
US7877695B2 (en) | Tailored object | |
US20170161101A1 (en) | Modularized automated-application-release-management subsystem | |
US7590618B2 (en) | System and method for providing location profile data for network nodes | |
US7979870B1 (en) | Method and system for locating objects in a distributed computing environment | |
US20240036910A1 (en) | Meta-level management system that aggregates information and functionalities of computational-resource management systems and that provides new management functionalities | |
US20240037495A1 (en) | Meta-level management system that aggregates information and functionalities of computational-resource management systems and that provides new management functionalities | |
Talwar et al. | Scalable management | |
Woo et al. | DOVE-G: Design and Implementation of Distributed Object-Oriented Virtual Environment on Grid | |
JP2003084992A (en) | Rpc connection program between client server |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: MICROSOFT TECHNOLOGY LICENSING, LLC, WASHINGTON Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:MICROSOFT CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:034766/0001 Effective date: 20141014 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: SERVICENOW, INC., CALIFORNIA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:MICROSOFT TECHNOLOGY LICENSING, LLC;REEL/FRAME:047681/0916 Effective date: 20181115 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: SERVICENOW, INC., CALIFORNIA Free format text: CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE RECORDAL TO REMOVE INADVERTENTLY RECOREDED PROPERTIES SHOWN IN ATTACHED SHEET PREVIOUSLY RECORDED AT REEL: 047681 FRAME: 0916. ASSIGNOR(S) HEREBY CONFIRMS THE ASSIGNMENT;ASSIGNOR:MICROSOFT TECHNOLOGY LICENSING, LLC;REEL/FRAME:049797/0119 Effective date: 20181115 |