US20050170722A1 - Non-curling reinforced composite membranes with differing opposed faces, methods for producing and their use in varied applications - Google Patents
Non-curling reinforced composite membranes with differing opposed faces, methods for producing and their use in varied applications Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20050170722A1 US20050170722A1 US11/056,906 US5690605A US2005170722A1 US 20050170722 A1 US20050170722 A1 US 20050170722A1 US 5690605 A US5690605 A US 5690605A US 2005170722 A1 US2005170722 A1 US 2005170722A1
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- composite
- reinforcement
- perfluoropolymer
- exposed face
- belt
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
- C08J5/0405—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with inorganic fibres
- C08J5/043—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with inorganic fibres with glass fibres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/0007—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding involving treatment or provisions in order to avoid deformation or air inclusion, e.g. to improve surface quality
- B32B37/0015—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding involving treatment or provisions in order to avoid deformation or air inclusion, e.g. to improve surface quality to avoid warp or curl
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
- B65G15/00—Conveyors having endless load-conveying surfaces, i.e. belts and like continuous members, to which tractive effort is transmitted by means other than endless driving elements of similar configuration
- B65G15/30—Belts or like endless load-carriers
- B65G15/32—Belts or like endless load-carriers made of rubber or plastics
- B65G15/34—Belts or like endless load-carriers made of rubber or plastics with reinforcing layers, e.g. of fabric
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J7/00—Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances
- C08J7/04—Coating
- C08J7/0427—Coating with only one layer of a composition containing a polymer binder
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
- D06N3/04—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06N3/047—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds with fluoropolymers
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
- D06N3/12—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. gelatine proteins
- D06N3/128—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. gelatine proteins with silicon polymers
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
- D06N3/18—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with two layers of different macromolecular materials
- D06N3/183—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with two layers of different macromolecular materials the layers are one next to the other
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
- D06N3/18—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with two layers of different macromolecular materials
- D06N3/186—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with two layers of different macromolecular materials one of the layers is on one surface of the fibrous web and the other layer is on the other surface of the fibrous web
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2305/00—Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
- B32B2305/08—Reinforcements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2319/00—Synthetic rubber
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2327/00—Polyvinylhalogenides
- B32B2327/12—Polyvinylhalogenides containing fluorine
- B32B2327/18—PTFE, i.e. polytetrafluoroethylene
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2433/00—Closed loop articles
- B32B2433/02—Conveyor belts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
- B65G2201/00—Indexing codes relating to handling devices, e.g. conveyors, characterised by the type of product or load being conveyed or handled
- B65G2201/02—Articles
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2327/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2327/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08J2327/12—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
- C08J2327/18—Homopolymers or copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2483/00—Characterised by the use of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Derivatives of such polymers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
- Y10T442/2041—Two or more non-extruded coatings or impregnations
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
- Y10T442/2041—Two or more non-extruded coatings or impregnations
- Y10T442/2049—Each major face of the fabric has at least one coating or impregnation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
- Y10T442/2041—Two or more non-extruded coatings or impregnations
- Y10T442/2049—Each major face of the fabric has at least one coating or impregnation
- Y10T442/2057—At least two coatings or impregnations of different chemical composition
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
- Y10T442/2041—Two or more non-extruded coatings or impregnations
- Y10T442/2049—Each major face of the fabric has at least one coating or impregnation
- Y10T442/2057—At least two coatings or impregnations of different chemical composition
- Y10T442/2066—Different coatings or impregnations on opposite faces of the fabric
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
- Y10T442/2041—Two or more non-extruded coatings or impregnations
- Y10T442/2098—At least two coatings or impregnations of different chemical composition
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
- Y10T442/2311—Coating or impregnation is a lubricant or a surface friction reducing agent other than specified as improving the "hand" of the fabric or increasing the softness thereof
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
- Y10T442/2311—Coating or impregnation is a lubricant or a surface friction reducing agent other than specified as improving the "hand" of the fabric or increasing the softness thereof
- Y10T442/232—Fluorocarbon containing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
- Y10T442/2344—Coating or impregnation is anti-slip or friction-increasing other than specified as an abrasive
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
- Y10T442/2361—Coating or impregnation improves stiffness of the fabric other than specified as a size
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- Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
- Y10T442/2369—Coating or impregnation improves elasticity, bendability, resiliency, flexibility, or shape retention of the fabric
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
- Y10T442/2402—Coating or impregnation specified as a size
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- Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
- Y10T442/2926—Coated or impregnated inorganic fiber fabric
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- Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
- Y10T442/2926—Coated or impregnated inorganic fiber fabric
- Y10T442/2992—Coated or impregnated glass fiber fabric
Definitions
- This invention relates to new and useful reinforced composite membranes for use in conveying, material handling, surface modifying, surface protection, and barrier applications, in which the two opposing faces of the membrane differ significantly in composition and physical characteristics, each face being constructed to perform independent functions in a given single application, thereby optimizing overall performance.
- this invention relates to reinforced composite membranes in which one face is a perfluoropolymer, such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and the other face is an elastomer.
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- silicone rubber is the preferred elastomeric component.
- Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) coated fiberglass fabrics and silicone rubber coated fiberglass fabrics are examples of reinforced composite membranes commonly used in many of the applications mentioned above.
- the two materials share several unique and valuable physical properties: flexibility, thermal stability in operating environments exceeding 350° F., and low-energy surfaces providing easy release to sticky, viscous, or adhesive materials.
- PTFE has one of the lowest coefficients of friction possessed by any common material and exhibits minimal “stick-slip” behavior.
- silicone rubber depending on its composition, finish, and hardness (durometer), often has the high coefficient of friction and pronounced stick-slip behavior or “grabby” quality typically associated with elastomeric materials.
- a membrane with the frictional and related surface characteristics of PTFE on one face and those of an elastomer on the other face may be needed.
- efforts have been made to combine the two materials in a double-faced membrane, with PTFE on one face and silicone rubber on the opposite face.
- these attempts have yielded materials with a strong tendency to curl, making their handling extremely difficult and limiting their usefulness.
- the curling tendency is due to imbalanced stresses generated in manufacturing these composites, the result of differences in the curing characteristics, thermal coefficients of expansion, and modulae of the two components. It is the object of this invention to produce double-faced PTFE-elastomer reinforced composite membranes with curling tendency controlled to the extent that their handling characteristics and usefulness remain uncompromised.
- the invention achieves a double-faced PTFE-silicone rubber reinforced composite with curling tendency controlled by coating one side of a balanced PTFE-coated glass composite with liquid silicone rubber.
- the composite comprises two opposing faces, wherein one face is composed of a perfluoropolymer, such as PTFE, and the other face is composed of an elastomer, such as silicone rubber.
- the composite consequently can perform independent functions in a single application, thereby optimizing performance.
- FIG. 1 shows a perspective and cut away view of an exemplary composite of the invention.
- a continuous web of a glass fabric-reinforced composite, with PTFE on one face and silicone rubber on the opposite face is produced by dip-coating, knife-over-roll coating, metering and/or wiping, and thermal curing processes.
- woven reinforcement which may comprise fiberglass, aramid, or other fiber able to tolerate PTFE processing temperatures and suited to the end use of the membrane, is paid off a roll and saturated and/or coated with PTFE by dipping through an aqueous dispersion or latex of the resin, removing the excess dispersion by wiping or metering, drying to remove the water, baking to remove most of the surfactant, and finally heating sufficiently to sinter or fuse the PTFE.
- the coating operation will be repeated several times in order to apply the desired amount of PTFE free of cracks and other defects.
- the fusing step is eliminated in the first several passes, and the multiple layers of unfused PTFE resin applied thus are smoothed and consolidated by passing the web through a calendar machine, prior to fusing and the application of one or more subsequent layers of fused PTFE resin to complete the composite.
- the PTFE resin is applied in such a way as to “balance” the mechanical forces or residual stresses within the PTFE resin on each coating face so that the composite lies flat and does not tend to curl.
- One way of achieving a balanced-coating is to apply equal amounts of PTFE to both faces and subject the faces to the same processing conditions.
- the coating of PTFE should be as thin as possible, while sufficient to achieve the desired function.
- a coating thickness of about 1-5 mils (1 mil equals 0.001 in.) is preferred. All the technology involved is familiar to those skilled in the art of producing PTFE coated fabric reinforced composites, described for example in U.S. Pat. No. 5,141,800 to Effenberger et al., incorporated herein by reference.
- one face of the PTFE/glass composite is rendered bondable by coating with a mixture of a colloidal silica dispersion, for example DuPont Ludox® 40, and a perfluorinated copolymer resin dispersion, such as fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) or perfluoroalkoxy-modified tetrafluoroethylene (PFA).
- a colloidal silica dispersion for example DuPont Ludox® 40
- a perfluorinated copolymer resin dispersion such as fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) or perfluoroalkoxy-modified tetrafluoroethylene (PFA).
- FEP fluorinated ethylene propylene
- PFA perfluoroalkoxy-modified tetrafluoroethylene
- one face may be rendered bondable by treatment, under appropriate conditions and with appropriate pre- and post-treatment processing, with a mixture of sodium metal, naphthalene, and a glycol ether, or alternately, a mixture of sodium metal and anhydrous ammonia.
- a mixture of sodium metal, naphthalene, and a glycol ether or alternately, a mixture of sodium metal and anhydrous ammonia.
- other means of rendering the PTFE surface bondable for example corona treatment in special atmospheres, chemical and electrochemical treatments, metal sputtering, and vacuum deposition of metals or metal oxides, might be employed.
- the face of the PTFE/glass composite rendered bondable in the previous step is coated with a controlled amount of a relatively low viscosity (ca. 10,000 to 200,000 centipoises) platinum catalyzed, addition cure, 100 percent solids, solventless, liquid silicone rubber (LSR) formulation.
- LSR coating should be as thin as possible, only as thick as necessary to achieve the desired function. Although a variety of coating thicknesses of silicone rubber to serve a variety of functions are contemplated by the invention, a coating thickness of about 2-50 mils is preferred.
- the LSR formulation is composed of commercially available A and B components that are mixed in a specified ratio, typically 1:1 or 10:1.
- Each component contains vinyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane polymers and may contain fumed silica as a reinforcing filler, and/or extending fillers.
- one component for instance the A component, contains the catalyst and the B component contains a crosslinking agent and an inhibitor that is removed by heating to allow the LSR to cure into a solid rubber.
- the LSR formulation may incorporate pigments and/or other additives. The membrane thus coated is completed by passing it through a coating oven or other heating device, raising the temperature of the coating sufficiently to drive off or decompose the inhibitor allowing the LSR to cure into a solid rubber.
- the web may be coated with a silicone rubber incorporating an organic peroxide catalyst (“heat-curable” silicone) which may be applied from a solvent solution, dried if necessary to remove the solvent and heated appropriately to effect a cure, or with silicone rubber incorporating an atmospheric-moisture-activated acetoxy cure system (“one-package” RTV), once again perhaps from a solvent solution, dried if necessary to remove the solvent and allowed to remain exposed to moist air sufficiently long to effect a cure, perhaps being heated to accelerate the process.
- a silicone rubber incorporating an organic peroxide catalyst (“heat-curable” silicone) which may be applied from a solvent solution, dried if necessary to remove the solvent and heated appropriately to effect a cure, or with silicone rubber incorporating an atmospheric-moisture-activated acetoxy cure system (“one-package” RTV), once again perhaps from a solvent solution, dried if necessary to remove the solvent and allowed to remain exposed to moist air sufficiently long to effect a cure, perhaps being heated to accelerate the process.
- the resulting composite is a durable, two-faced material with one face PTFE and one face silicone rubber.
- the composite exhibits flexural modulus about that of a plain PTFE/glass fabric composite comprising the same reinforcement fabric and percent PTFE, and has little tendency to curl.
- ribs, lugs, cleats, or other protuberances composed of rubber that is the same or similar in composition to the rubber face of the composite may be formed on the relatively smooth rubber face by applying beads of flowable, uncured rubber by the use of robotically controlled applicators or by methods similar to those described in co-pending application Ser. No. 09/608,649, filed Jun. 30, 2000, the subject matter of which is incorporated by reference herein.
- the material applied is then cured, depending on its type, according to the procedures in the paragraphs above.
- the rubber must be sufficiently viscoelastic to permit retention of its shape without flowing excessively during the time required to apply the required number of cleats and transfer the work to an oven or other heating device or other environment in which the cure is effected.
- silicone rubber has low surface energy. Surprisingly, the surface of silicone rubber is tacky when dry, yet very slippery when water is present on the surface. This feature of silicone rubber results in unique advantages and end uses which are contemplated by the invention.
- FIG. 1 shows an exemplary composite of the invention in which a fiberglass reinforcement ( 1 ) is coated on both faces with PTFE ( 2 ).
- a mixture of a colloidal silica dispersion ( 3 ) is applied to one surface of the PTFE-coated fabric.
- the application of the colloidal silica dispersion ( 3 ) renders the surface bondable.
- the PTFE/fiberglass face rendered bondable by dispersion ( 3 ) is coated with silicone rubber ( 4 , 5 ) to achieve a composite with one face PTFE and one face silicone rubber ( 5 ).
- PTFE/glass fabric containing style 2116 glass fabric as a reinforcement and comprised of about 50 percent by weight PTFE resin and 50 percent by weight glass, is rendered bondable by applying a mixture of colloidal silica dispersion (DuPont Ludox® 40), PFA fluoropolymer resin solution (Dupont TE-9946), surfactants, stabilizers, and water; wiping off the excess; drying; baking; and fusing.
- the fabric weighs about 5.4 ounces per square yard (osy) and is about 0.005 inches thick.
- a coating of an LSR formulation composed of 50 parts by weight each of Wacker Silicones Elastosil® LR6289A and LR6289B and about 12 parts by weight of a red iron oxide masterbatch containing about 35 percent iron oxide and about 65 percent vinyl terminated silicone polymer, is applied to the bondable face of the Chemglas Basic 5.
- the tower is operated to provide conditions of time and temperature sufficient to cause the rubber to cure.
- the end result is a composite with a smooth, glossy coating of silicone rubber on one face and a PTFE surface on the opposite face. The whole weighs about 7.5 osy; the silicone rubber coating is about 0.002 inches thick and is strongly adhered. The composite lays flat and can be handled easily without curling.
- the example composite is fabricated into a belt for a combination weighing/packaging machine for meat and other food products.
- the non-working face of the belt i.e., the face that does not contact the product being weighed and wrapped, must slide freely over a heated platen.
- the wrapped package In another section of the machine, the wrapped package must be conveyed up an incline without slipping back.
- An all-PTFE belt slides freely over the heating platen but allows the package to slip back at the incline.
- An all-silicone belt carries the package up the incline without slipping, but does not slide freely over the heated platen.
- the example belt functions optimally in both sections of the machine.
- One face of another roll of the PTFE/glass fabric used in the above example is rendered bondable by treatment with a solution of sodium, naphthalene, and glycol ether. It is coated using the procedure described in Example 1, yielding a composite with physical properties almost identical to those of Example 1.
- Chemltas 64-40916 a Chemfab product comprised of Style number 64 glass fabric saturated/coated with 40 percent by weight PTFE, is rendered bondable by application of the colloidal silica formulation as described in Example 1 and coated with 8 osy. of silicone rubber.
- the resulting product is fabricated into a belt 50 meters long and 1.5 meters wide. It is substituted for a conventional glass-reinforced silicone rubber belt used as a conveyor and release surface in the assembly of plastic wine bags by heat sealing.
- the silicone release surface of the conventional belt performs to the user's satisfaction, but the construction is difficult to drive on the user's equipment due to excessive frictional force generated when the rubber non-working face of the belt, i.e., the face that does not contact the product, slides over stationary components of the machine.
- the PTFE non-working face of the example belt generates minimal frictional force against the machine's stationary surfaces, allowing it to be easily driven, while the working face provides the silicone rubber release surface desired.
- a conveyor belt with raised cleats for use in a fast-food-service toaster in which the bread products being toasted are slid across a heated platen or griddle by means of force transmitted by the moving belt is produced as follows.
- a rectangle or belt “blank” of appropriate size is cut from the composite of Example 1.
- a pattern of many, identically-shaped raised cleats is laid down on the silicone rubber face of the blank.
- the cleats are composed of the same LSR formulation as the face itself.
- Each cleat is about 0.8 inches long and roughly simicircular in cross section, about 0.2 inches wide at the base and 0.04 inches high at the highest point.
- the longitudinal centerline of the cleat is a straight line oriented perpendicular to the direction of travel of the finished conveyor belt.
- the LSR forming the cleats has viscoelasticity that allows it to retain its shape during the time it takes to apply the entire pattern of cleats. After the pattern is applied, the blank is placed in an oven operating at 500° F. and allowed to remain for two minutes. When the blank is removed from the oven the silicone rubber surface bears a pattern of durable rubber cleats strongly adhered to the surface.
- the belt is completed by attaching lacings on two opposite ends. When installed on the toaster the cleats contacting the bread products being toasted, for example hamburger rolls, are found to drive the rolls more reliably, with less slippage, than a smooth-faced belt made of similar material.
Abstract
A double-faced PTFE-silicone rubber reinforced composite with curling tendency controlled is achieved by coating one side of a balanced PTFE/glass composite with liquid silicone rubber. Each face of the composite can perform independent functions in a single application, thereby optimizing performance.
Description
- This invention relates to new and useful reinforced composite membranes for use in conveying, material handling, surface modifying, surface protection, and barrier applications, in which the two opposing faces of the membrane differ significantly in composition and physical characteristics, each face being constructed to perform independent functions in a given single application, thereby optimizing overall performance.
- More specifically, this invention relates to reinforced composite membranes in which one face is a perfluoropolymer, such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and the other face is an elastomer. Although the use of elastomeric materials of varied compositions is contemplated, silicone rubber is the preferred elastomeric component.
- Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) coated fiberglass fabrics and silicone rubber coated fiberglass fabrics are examples of reinforced composite membranes commonly used in many of the applications mentioned above. The two materials share several unique and valuable physical properties: flexibility, thermal stability in operating environments exceeding 350° F., and low-energy surfaces providing easy release to sticky, viscous, or adhesive materials. On the other hand, they may differ markedly in surface hardness, finish, frictional characteristics, and surface qualities difficult to specify but related to the way the surface adheres to other surfaces. PTFE has one of the lowest coefficients of friction possessed by any common material and exhibits minimal “stick-slip” behavior. On the other hand, silicone rubber, depending on its composition, finish, and hardness (durometer), often has the high coefficient of friction and pronounced stick-slip behavior or “grabby” quality typically associated with elastomeric materials.
- The choice of whether to use a PTFE or a silicone rubber composite in a given application sometimes involves consideration of the materials' frictional and related surface characteristics. Certain applications may require a material with a low coefficient of friction, in which case PTFE composites would be expected to perform very well, while silicone rubber constructions would not. In other applications, a material with a high coefficient of friction or stick-slip characteristics may be required, in which cases a silicone rubber material would answer readily, while a PTFE construction would not.
- However, in some applications, a membrane with the frictional and related surface characteristics of PTFE on one face and those of an elastomer on the other face may be needed. To address this need, efforts have been made to combine the two materials in a double-faced membrane, with PTFE on one face and silicone rubber on the opposite face. In the past, these attempts have yielded materials with a strong tendency to curl, making their handling extremely difficult and limiting their usefulness. The curling tendency is due to imbalanced stresses generated in manufacturing these composites, the result of differences in the curing characteristics, thermal coefficients of expansion, and modulae of the two components. It is the object of this invention to produce double-faced PTFE-elastomer reinforced composite membranes with curling tendency controlled to the extent that their handling characteristics and usefulness remain uncompromised.
- The invention achieves a double-faced PTFE-silicone rubber reinforced composite with curling tendency controlled by coating one side of a balanced PTFE-coated glass composite with liquid silicone rubber. The composite comprises two opposing faces, wherein one face is composed of a perfluoropolymer, such as PTFE, and the other face is composed of an elastomer, such as silicone rubber. The composite consequently can perform independent functions in a single application, thereby optimizing performance.
-
FIG. 1 shows a perspective and cut away view of an exemplary composite of the invention. - In accordance with one embodiment the invention, a continuous web of a glass fabric-reinforced composite, with PTFE on one face and silicone rubber on the opposite face, is produced by dip-coating, knife-over-roll coating, metering and/or wiping, and thermal curing processes.
- To produce the membrane in a continuous process, woven reinforcement, which may comprise fiberglass, aramid, or other fiber able to tolerate PTFE processing temperatures and suited to the end use of the membrane, is paid off a roll and saturated and/or coated with PTFE by dipping through an aqueous dispersion or latex of the resin, removing the excess dispersion by wiping or metering, drying to remove the water, baking to remove most of the surfactant, and finally heating sufficiently to sinter or fuse the PTFE. Typically, the coating operation will be repeated several times in order to apply the desired amount of PTFE free of cracks and other defects. Alternately, the fusing step is eliminated in the first several passes, and the multiple layers of unfused PTFE resin applied thus are smoothed and consolidated by passing the web through a calendar machine, prior to fusing and the application of one or more subsequent layers of fused PTFE resin to complete the composite. In any case, the PTFE resin is applied in such a way as to “balance” the mechanical forces or residual stresses within the PTFE resin on each coating face so that the composite lies flat and does not tend to curl. One way of achieving a balanced-coating is to apply equal amounts of PTFE to both faces and subject the faces to the same processing conditions. The coating of PTFE should be as thin as possible, while sufficient to achieve the desired function. Although a variety of coating thicknesses of PTFE to serve a variety of functions are contemplated by the invention, a coating thickness of about 1-5 mils (1 mil equals 0.001 in.) is preferred. All the technology involved is familiar to those skilled in the art of producing PTFE coated fabric reinforced composites, described for example in U.S. Pat. No. 5,141,800 to Effenberger et al., incorporated herein by reference.
- In the next step in the process, one face of the PTFE/glass composite is rendered bondable by coating with a mixture of a colloidal silica dispersion, for example DuPont Ludox® 40, and a perfluorinated copolymer resin dispersion, such as fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) or perfluoroalkoxy-modified tetrafluoroethylene (PFA). This is applied by dipping, wiping, drying, baking, and fusing, essentially as the PTFE dispersions were applied. Alternately, one face may be rendered bondable by treatment, under appropriate conditions and with appropriate pre- and post-treatment processing, with a mixture of sodium metal, naphthalene, and a glycol ether, or alternately, a mixture of sodium metal and anhydrous ammonia. If applicable, other means of rendering the PTFE surface bondable, for example corona treatment in special atmospheres, chemical and electrochemical treatments, metal sputtering, and vacuum deposition of metals or metal oxides, might be employed. Once again, the technology involved in applying bondable treatments to PTFE surfaces is thoroughly described in the literature and is familiar to those skilled in the art of processing PTFE films, articles, and composites of all kinds.
- In the final step, the face of the PTFE/glass composite rendered bondable in the previous step is coated with a controlled amount of a relatively low viscosity (ca. 10,000 to 200,000 centipoises) platinum catalyzed, addition cure, 100 percent solids, solventless, liquid silicone rubber (LSR) formulation. The LSR coating should be as thin as possible, only as thick as necessary to achieve the desired function. Although a variety of coating thicknesses of silicone rubber to serve a variety of functions are contemplated by the invention, a coating thickness of about 2-50 mils is preferred. The LSR formulation is composed of commercially available A and B components that are mixed in a specified ratio, typically 1:1 or 10:1. Each component contains vinyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane polymers and may contain fumed silica as a reinforcing filler, and/or extending fillers. Typically, one component, for instance the A component, contains the catalyst and the B component contains a crosslinking agent and an inhibitor that is removed by heating to allow the LSR to cure into a solid rubber. The LSR formulation may incorporate pigments and/or other additives. The membrane thus coated is completed by passing it through a coating oven or other heating device, raising the temperature of the coating sufficiently to drive off or decompose the inhibitor allowing the LSR to cure into a solid rubber.
- Alternately, the web may be coated with a silicone rubber incorporating an organic peroxide catalyst (“heat-curable” silicone) which may be applied from a solvent solution, dried if necessary to remove the solvent and heated appropriately to effect a cure, or with silicone rubber incorporating an atmospheric-moisture-activated acetoxy cure system (“one-package” RTV), once again perhaps from a solvent solution, dried if necessary to remove the solvent and allowed to remain exposed to moist air sufficiently long to effect a cure, perhaps being heated to accelerate the process.
- The resulting composite is a durable, two-faced material with one face PTFE and one face silicone rubber. The composite exhibits flexural modulus about that of a plain PTFE/glass fabric composite comprising the same reinforcement fabric and percent PTFE, and has little tendency to curl.
- Should it be desirable, ribs, lugs, cleats, or other protuberances composed of rubber that is the same or similar in composition to the rubber face of the composite may be formed on the relatively smooth rubber face by applying beads of flowable, uncured rubber by the use of robotically controlled applicators or by methods similar to those described in co-pending application Ser. No. 09/608,649, filed Jun. 30, 2000, the subject matter of which is incorporated by reference herein. The material applied is then cured, depending on its type, according to the procedures in the paragraphs above. The rubber must be sufficiently viscoelastic to permit retention of its shape without flowing excessively during the time required to apply the required number of cleats and transfer the work to an oven or other heating device or other environment in which the cure is effected.
- Unlike other elastomers, silicone rubber has low surface energy. Surprisingly, the surface of silicone rubber is tacky when dry, yet very slippery when water is present on the surface. This feature of silicone rubber results in unique advantages and end uses which are contemplated by the invention.
-
FIG. 1 shows an exemplary composite of the invention in which a fiberglass reinforcement (1) is coated on both faces with PTFE (2). A mixture of a colloidal silica dispersion (3) is applied to one surface of the PTFE-coated fabric. The application of the colloidal silica dispersion (3) renders the surface bondable. The PTFE/fiberglass face rendered bondable by dispersion (3) is coated with silicone rubber (4,5) to achieve a composite with one face PTFE and one face silicone rubber (5). - One face of a roll of commercially available PTFE/glass fabric (Chemfab Chemglas® Basic 5), containing style 2116 glass fabric as a reinforcement and comprised of about 50 percent by weight PTFE resin and 50 percent by weight glass, is rendered bondable by applying a mixture of colloidal silica dispersion (DuPont Ludox® 40), PFA fluoropolymer resin solution (Dupont TE-9946), surfactants, stabilizers, and water; wiping off the excess; drying; baking; and fusing. The fabric weighs about 5.4 ounces per square yard (osy) and is about 0.005 inches thick.
- Using conventional PTFE tower-coating equipment, a coating of an LSR formulation composed of 50 parts by weight each of Wacker Silicones Elastosil® LR6289A and LR6289B and about 12 parts by weight of a red iron oxide masterbatch containing about 35 percent iron oxide and about 65 percent vinyl terminated silicone polymer, is applied to the bondable face of the
Chemglas Basic 5. The tower is operated to provide conditions of time and temperature sufficient to cause the rubber to cure. The end result is a composite with a smooth, glossy coating of silicone rubber on one face and a PTFE surface on the opposite face. The whole weighs about 7.5 osy; the silicone rubber coating is about 0.002 inches thick and is strongly adhered. The composite lays flat and can be handled easily without curling. - The example composite is fabricated into a belt for a combination weighing/packaging machine for meat and other food products. In the heat-sealing section of the machine, the non-working face of the belt, i.e., the face that does not contact the product being weighed and wrapped, must slide freely over a heated platen. In another section of the machine, the wrapped package must be conveyed up an incline without slipping back. An all-PTFE belt slides freely over the heating platen but allows the package to slip back at the incline. An all-silicone belt carries the package up the incline without slipping, but does not slide freely over the heated platen. The example belt functions optimally in both sections of the machine.
- One face of another roll of the PTFE/glass fabric used in the above example is rendered bondable by treatment with a solution of sodium, naphthalene, and glycol ether. It is coated using the procedure described in Example 1, yielding a composite with physical properties almost identical to those of Example 1.
- One face of a length of Chemltas 64-40916, a Chemfab product comprised of Style number 64 glass fabric saturated/coated with 40 percent by weight PTFE, is rendered bondable by application of the colloidal silica formulation as described in Example 1 and coated with 8 osy. of silicone rubber. The resulting product is fabricated into a belt 50 meters long and 1.5 meters wide. It is substituted for a conventional glass-reinforced silicone rubber belt used as a conveyor and release surface in the assembly of plastic wine bags by heat sealing. The silicone release surface of the conventional belt performs to the user's satisfaction, but the construction is difficult to drive on the user's equipment due to excessive frictional force generated when the rubber non-working face of the belt, i.e., the face that does not contact the product, slides over stationary components of the machine. The PTFE non-working face of the example belt generates minimal frictional force against the machine's stationary surfaces, allowing it to be easily driven, while the working face provides the silicone rubber release surface desired.
- A conveyor belt with raised cleats for use in a fast-food-service toaster in which the bread products being toasted are slid across a heated platen or griddle by means of force transmitted by the moving belt, is produced as follows. A rectangle or belt “blank” of appropriate size is cut from the composite of Example 1. Using a robotic applicator, a pattern of many, identically-shaped raised cleats is laid down on the silicone rubber face of the blank. The cleats are composed of the same LSR formulation as the face itself. Each cleat is about 0.8 inches long and roughly simicircular in cross section, about 0.2 inches wide at the base and 0.04 inches high at the highest point. The longitudinal centerline of the cleat is a straight line oriented perpendicular to the direction of travel of the finished conveyor belt. The LSR forming the cleats has viscoelasticity that allows it to retain its shape during the time it takes to apply the entire pattern of cleats. After the pattern is applied, the blank is placed in an oven operating at 500° F. and allowed to remain for two minutes. When the blank is removed from the oven the silicone rubber surface bears a pattern of durable rubber cleats strongly adhered to the surface. The belt is completed by attaching lacings on two opposite ends. When installed on the toaster the cleats contacting the bread products being toasted, for example hamburger rolls, are found to drive the rolls more reliably, with less slippage, than a smooth-faced belt made of similar material.
Claims (40)
1. A fiber-reinforced flexible composite comprising:
a reinforcement material;
a first exposed face on a first side of the reinforcement material, the first exposed face formed from a first material, the first material having,
a low coefficient of friction, and
thermal stability in operating environments exceeding 350° F.; and
a second exposed face on a second side of the reinforcement material opposing the first exposed face, the second exposed face formed from a second material, the second material having,
a high coefficient of friction, and
thermal stability in operating environments exceeding 350° F.;
wherein the flexible composite lies flat and does not tend to curl.
2. The composite of claim 1 , wherein the composite comprises about a same flexural modulus when it includes the second material that it comprises when it does not include the second material.
3. The composite of claim 1 , wherein the second material is a portion of a first layer having a thickness of up to about 50 mil.
4. The composite of claim 3 , wherein the first layer has a thickness of at least about 2 mil.
5. The composite of claim 1 , wherein the first material is present on the second side of the reinforcement material.
6. The composite of claim 5 , wherein the first material is only located on the first side of the reinforcement material.
7. The composite of claim 1 , wherein
the flexible composite comprises two compositionally distinct opposing faces;
the reinforcement material consists essentially of glass fibers;
the first material comprises a perfluoropolymer material,
the first material being located on each side of the reinforcement material,
the perfluoropolymer in a balanced state having mechanical forces within the perfluoropolymer equal on each side of the reinforcement such that it helps to prevent the membrane from curling; and
the second material comprises an elastomer disposed over the first material on one side of the reinforcement.
8. The composite of claim 1 , wherein
the composite comprises two compositionally distinct opposing faces;
the first material comprises perfluoropolymer;
the composite comprises a first layer comprising the first material and a second layer of perfluoropolymer material;
the reinforcement material is a fibrous reinforcement material and is intermediate the first and second layers;
the second material comprises an elastomer;
the second material is disposed over the second layer of perfluropolymer material; and
the first and second layers have a thickness sufficient to inhibit the composite from curling.
9. The composite of claim 1 , wherein
the composite comprises,
two compositionally distinct opposing faces;
a fibrous reinforcement material; and
a perfluoropolymer material coating on each side of the fibrous reinforcement material;
the first material comprises a perfluropolymer material;
the perfluoropolymer material coating on each side of the fibrous reinforcement material is in a balanced state having mechanical forces within the perfluoropolymer equal on each side of the reinforcement to prevent the membrane from curling;
the second material comprises an elastomer;
the second material is disposed over the perfluoropolymer material on one side of the fibrous reinforcement material; and
the second material has a thickness of about 2 to about 50 mils.
10. The composite of claim 1 , wherein
the composite comprises,
two compositionally distinct opposing faces;
a fibrous reinforcement material; and
a perfluoropolymer material coating on each side of the fibrous reinforcement material;
the first material comprises a perfluropolymer material;
the perfluoropolymer material coating on each side of the fibrous reinforcement material is in a balanced state having mechanical forces within the perfluoropolymer equal on each side of the reinforcement to prevent the membrane from curling;
the second material comprises an elastomer;
the second material is disposed over the perfluoropolymer material on one side of the fibrous reinforcement material; and
the weight ratio of the reinforcement to the perfluoropolymer coating is 50:50.
11. The composite of claim 1 , wherein the first material comprises a first layer having a thickness of at least 1 mil.
12. The composite of claim 11 , wherein the first layer has a thickness of up to about 5 mil.
13. The composite of claim 1 , wherein the first material comprises a layer having a thickness of up to 5 mil.
14. The composite of claim 1 , wherein the first material and the second material both have low surface energies.
15. The composite of claim 1 , wherein the second face is slippery when water is present and tacky when dry.
16. The composite of claim 1 , wherein the second face has pronounced stick-slip and the first face has minimal stick-slip.
17. The composite of claim 1 , comprising protuberances raised above the second exposed face.
18. The composite of claim 1 , wherein the composite has a weight of about 7.5 ounces per square inch (osy).
19. The composite of claim 1 , wherein the reinforcement member consists essentially of glass fiber.
20. The composite of claim 1 , wherein the first material comprises a perfluoropolymer and the second material comprises an elastomer.
21. An article for modifying surface, comprising:
a flexible composite comprising
a reinforcement material;
a first exposed face on a first side of the reinforcement material, the first exposed face formed from a first material, the first material having,
a low coefficient of friction, and
thermal stability in operating environments exceeding 350° F.; and
a second exposed face on a second side of the reinforcement material opposing the first exposed face, the second exposed face formed from a second material, the second material having,
a high coefficient of friction, and
thermal stability in operating environments exceeding 350° F.;
wherein the flexible composite lies flat and does not tend to curl; and
wherein the article is configured to be placed on the surface such that the properties of the face of the material not in contact with the surface are different than the properties of the surface.
22. The article of claim 21 , wherein the first surface of the flexible composite is configured to be placed in contact with the surface such that the first face is not in contact with the surface.
23. The article of claim 21 , wherein the first material is formed on the first surface in a layer at least about 1 mil thick.
24. The article of claim 21 , wherein the second material is formed on the second surface in a layer up to about 50 mil thick.
25. The article of claim 21 , wherein the first material consists essentially of polyfluoropolymer and the second material consists essentially of elastomer.
26. The article of claim 21 , wherein the first material is also disposed on the second side of the reinforcement material.
27. The article of claim 21 , wherein
the first material comprises polyfluoropolymer and the second material comprises elastomer;
the first material is also disposed on the second side of the reinforcement material; and
the second material is not disposed on the first side of the reinforcement material.
28. The article of claim 27 , wherein
the first material is formed on the first surface in a layer at least about 1 mil thick; and
the second material is formed on the second surface in a layer up to about 50 mil thick.
29. A flexible composite based belt, the belt comprising:
a reinforcement material;
a first exposed face on a first side of the reinforcement material, the first exposed face formed from a first material, the first material having,
a low coefficient of friction, and
thermal stability in operating environments exceeding 350° F.; and
a second exposed face on a second side of the reinforcement material opposing the first exposed face, the second exposed face formed from a second material, the second material having,
a high coefficient of friction, and
thermal stability in operating environments exceeding 350° F.;
wherein the belt lies flat and does not tend to curl.
30. The belt of claim 29 , wherein
the flexible composite comprises two compositionally distinct opposing faces;
the reinforcement material consists essentially of glass fibers;
the first material comprises a perfluoropolymer material,
the first material being located on each side of the reinforcement material,
the perfluoropolymer in a balanced state having mechanical forces within the perfluoropolymer equal on each side of the reinforcement such that it helps to prevent the membrane from curling; and
the second material comprises an elastomer disposed over the first material on one side of the reinforcement.
31. The belt of claim 29 , wherein
the composite comprises two compositionally distinct opposing faces;
the first material comprises perfluoropolymer;
the composite comprises a first layer comprising the first material and a second layer of perfluoropolymer material;
the reinforcement material is a fibrous reinforcement material and is intermediate the first and second layers;
the second material comprises an elastomer;
the second material is disposed over the second layer of perfluropolymer material; and
the first and second layers have a thickness sufficient to inhibit the composite from curling.
32. The belt of claim 29 , wherein
the composite comprises,
two compositionally distinct opposing faces;
a fibrous reinforcement material; and
a perfluoropolymer material coating on each side of the fibrous reinforcement material;
the first material comprises a perfluropolymer material;
the perfluoropolymer material coating on each side of the fibrous reinforcement material is in a balanced state having mechanical forces within the perfluoropolymer equal on each side of the reinforcement to prevent the membrane from curling;
the second material comprises an elastomer;
the second material is disposed over the perfluoropolymer material on one side of the fibrous reinforcement material; and
the second material has a thickness of about 2 to about 50 mils.
33. The belt of claim 29 , wherein
the composite comprises,
two compositionally distinct opposing faces;
a fibrous reinforcement material; and
a perfluoropolymer material coating on each side of the fibrous reinforcement material;
the first material comprises a perfluropolymer material;
the perfluoropolymer material coating on each side of the fibrous reinforcement material is in a balanced state having mechanical forces within the perfluoropolymer equal on each side of the reinforcement to prevent the membrane from curling;
the second material comprises an elastomer;
the second material is disposed over the perfluoropolymer material on one side of the fibrous reinforcement material; and
the weight ratio of the reinforcement to the perfluoropolymer coating is 50:50.
34. The belt of claim 29 , wherein the belt comprises about a same flexural modulus when it includes the second material that it comprises when it does not include the second material.
35. An apparatus comprising:
a machine; and
a belt capable of being driven by the machine, the belt comprising,
a reinforcement material;
a first exposed face on a first side of the reinforcement material, the first exposed face formed from a first material, the first material having,
a low coefficient of friction, and
thermal stability in operating environments exceeding 350° F.; and
a second exposed face on a second side of the reinforcement material opposing the first exposed face, the second exposed face formed from a second material, the second material having,
a high coefficient of friction, and
thermal stability in operating environments exceeding 350° F.;
wherein the belt lies flat and does not tend to curl.
36. The apparatus of claim 35 , wherein
the machine comprises a heated platen;
the machine and belt are configured such that the first exposed face will move across the heated platen and the second exposed face will be in contact with objects.
37. The apparatus of claim 35 , wherein the machine and belt are configured such that the second exposed face will be in contact with objects and the belt will move the objects along an incline.
38. A fiber-reinforced flexible composite comprising:
a fibrous reinforcement material;
a first exposed face on a first side of the fibrous reinforcement material, the first exposed face formed from a first material comprising perfluropolymer, the first material having,
a low coefficient of friction,
thermal stability in operating environments exceeding 350° F.,
minimal stick-slip, and
a low surface energy; and
a layer on a second side of the fibrous reinforcement material, the layer formed from a second material comprising a perfluoropolymer, the second material having,
a low coefficient of friction,
thermal stability in operating environments exceeding 350° F., and
a low surface energy; and
a second exposed face, on the second side of the reinforcement material, opposing the first exposed face, the second exposed face formed from a third material comprising an elastomer, the third material having,
a high coefficient of friction,
thermal stability in operating environments exceeding 350° F.,
pronounced stick-slip, and
a low surface energy;
wherein the flexible composite lies flat and does not tend to curl;
wherein the composite comprises about a same flexural modulus when it includes the second material that it comprises when the composite does not include the second material; and
wherein the composite comprises two compositionally distinct opposing faces.
39. The composite of claim 38 , wherein
the third material is not located on the first side of the reinforcement material;
the third material is a portion of a layer having a thickness of up to 50 mil; and
the first material is present on the first side with a thickness of 1 mil to 5 mil.
40. The composite of claim 38 , wherein the first material and the second material are a same type of material and the third material is bonded to the second material.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/056,906 US20050170722A1 (en) | 2000-01-19 | 2005-02-11 | Non-curling reinforced composite membranes with differing opposed faces, methods for producing and their use in varied applications |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US17677900P | 2000-01-19 | 2000-01-19 | |
US09/765,695 US6930063B2 (en) | 2000-01-19 | 2001-01-18 | Non-curling reinforced composite membranes with differing opposed faces, methods for producing and their use in varied applications |
US11/056,906 US20050170722A1 (en) | 2000-01-19 | 2005-02-11 | Non-curling reinforced composite membranes with differing opposed faces, methods for producing and their use in varied applications |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US09/765,695 Continuation US6930063B2 (en) | 2000-01-19 | 2001-01-18 | Non-curling reinforced composite membranes with differing opposed faces, methods for producing and their use in varied applications |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20050170722A1 true US20050170722A1 (en) | 2005-08-04 |
Family
ID=22645777
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US09/765,695 Expired - Fee Related US6930063B2 (en) | 2000-01-19 | 2001-01-18 | Non-curling reinforced composite membranes with differing opposed faces, methods for producing and their use in varied applications |
US11/056,906 Abandoned US20050170722A1 (en) | 2000-01-19 | 2005-02-11 | Non-curling reinforced composite membranes with differing opposed faces, methods for producing and their use in varied applications |
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US09/765,695 Expired - Fee Related US6930063B2 (en) | 2000-01-19 | 2001-01-18 | Non-curling reinforced composite membranes with differing opposed faces, methods for producing and their use in varied applications |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
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US (2) | US6930063B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1261480B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2003520145A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE280039T1 (en) |
BR (1) | BR0107915A (en) |
DE (1) | DE60106570T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2225469T3 (en) |
MX (1) | MXPA02007051A (en) |
PT (1) | PT1261480E (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001053073A1 (en) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE60106570T2 (en) | 2006-02-02 |
EP1261480B1 (en) | 2004-10-20 |
US6930063B2 (en) | 2005-08-16 |
DE60106570D1 (en) | 2004-11-25 |
EP1261480A1 (en) | 2002-12-04 |
US20010034170A1 (en) | 2001-10-25 |
PT1261480E (en) | 2005-02-28 |
MXPA02007051A (en) | 2003-01-28 |
WO2001053073A1 (en) | 2001-07-26 |
BR0107915A (en) | 2002-11-05 |
JP2003520145A (en) | 2003-07-02 |
ES2225469T3 (en) | 2005-03-16 |
ATE280039T1 (en) | 2004-11-15 |
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AS | Assignment |
Owner name: SAINT-GOBAIN PERFORMANCE PLASTICS CORPORATION, NEW Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:KEESE, FRANK M.;REEL/FRAME:016271/0517 Effective date: 20010117 |
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STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |