US20050242964A1 - Miniature radio frequency transceiver - Google Patents
Miniature radio frequency transceiver Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20050242964A1 US20050242964A1 US11/175,803 US17580305A US2005242964A1 US 20050242964 A1 US20050242964 A1 US 20050242964A1 US 17580305 A US17580305 A US 17580305A US 2005242964 A1 US2005242964 A1 US 2005242964A1
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- Prior art keywords
- chip
- label
- rfid
- stamp
- thin flat
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/74—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems
- G01S13/75—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems using transponders powered from received waves, e.g. using passive transponders, or using passive reflectors
- G01S13/751—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems using transponders powered from received waves, e.g. using passive transponders, or using passive reflectors wherein the responder or reflector radiates a coded signal
- G01S13/758—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems using transponders powered from received waves, e.g. using passive transponders, or using passive reflectors wherein the responder or reflector radiates a coded signal using a signal generator powered by the interrogation signal
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/74—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems
- G01S13/76—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems wherein pulse-type signals are transmitted
- G01S13/767—Responders; Transponders
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
- G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
- G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
- G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
- G06K19/0701—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips at least one of the integrated circuit chips comprising an arrangement for power management
- G06K19/0702—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips at least one of the integrated circuit chips comprising an arrangement for power management the arrangement including a battery
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
- G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
- G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
- G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
- G06K19/0723—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
- G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
- G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
- G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
- G06K19/0723—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs
- G06K19/0728—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs the arrangement being an optical or sound-based communication interface
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
- G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
- G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
- G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
- G06K19/073—Special arrangements for circuits, e.g. for protecting identification code in memory
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
- G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
- G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
- G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
- G06K19/077—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
- G06K19/07749—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
- G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
- G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
- G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
- G06K19/077—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
- G06K19/07749—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card
- G06K19/07758—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card arrangements for adhering the record carrier to further objects or living beings, functioning as an identification tag
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
- G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
- G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
- G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
- G06K19/077—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
- G06K19/07749—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card
- G06K19/07758—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card arrangements for adhering the record carrier to further objects or living beings, functioning as an identification tag
- G06K19/0776—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card arrangements for adhering the record carrier to further objects or living beings, functioning as an identification tag the adhering arrangement being a layer of adhesive, so that the record carrier can function as a sticker
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
- G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
- G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
- G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
- G06K19/077—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
- G06K19/07749—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card
- G06K19/07773—Antenna details
- G06K19/07786—Antenna details the antenna being of the HF type, such as a dipole
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L61/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
- H04L61/50—Address allocation
- H04L61/5038—Address allocation for local use, e.g. in LAN or USB networks, or in a controller area network [CAN]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L61/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
- H04L61/50—Address allocation
- H04L61/5046—Resolving address allocation conflicts; Testing of addresses
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L61/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
- H04L61/50—Address allocation
- H04L61/5084—Providing for device mobility
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07B—TICKET-ISSUING APPARATUS; FARE-REGISTERING APPARATUS; FRANKING APPARATUS
- G07B17/00—Franking apparatus
- G07B17/00459—Details relating to mailpieces in a franking system
- G07B17/00508—Printing or attaching on mailpieces
- G07B2017/00612—Attaching item on mailpiece
- G07B2017/00629—Circuit, e.g. transponder
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L2101/00—Indexing scheme associated with group H04L61/00
- H04L2101/60—Types of network addresses
- H04L2101/604—Address structures or formats
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L2101/00—Indexing scheme associated with group H04L61/00
- H04L2101/60—Types of network addresses
- H04L2101/618—Details of network addresses
- H04L2101/622—Layer-2 addresses, e.g. medium access control [MAC] addresses
Definitions
- This invention relates generally to electrically powered postage stamps and mailing labels which operate to transmit radio frequency (RF) identification signals to an interrogator either at the point of shipment origin, in transit, or upon reaching a point of destination. More particularly, this invention relates to such stamps and labels having an integrated circuit therein powered by a thin flat battery cell.
- RF radio frequency
- RFID radio frequency identification
- tags include, among other things, an integrated circuit (IC) chip having transmitter, receiver, memory and control logic sections therein which together form an IC transceiver capable of being powered by either a small battery or by a capacitor charged from a remote RF source.
- the IC chip including the RF transmitter and receiver sections operates to provide for the RF signal transmission and reception to and from remote sources, and a thin film antenna is also constructed within the above small area.
- the above novel RFID system operates to receive, store, and transmit article-identifying data to and from the memory within the IC chip. This data is stored within the IC chip memory stage and may be subsequently called up and transmitted to an interrogating party at the above point of origin, points along a given shipment route, and then upon reaching a point of destination.
- This co-pending application is assigned to the present assignee and is incorporated herein by reference.
- the RFID device disclosed and claimed in my above identified co-pending application represents not only a fundamental breakthrough in the field of RF identification generally, but also represents significant specific advances over the prior art described in some detail in this co-pending application.
- This prior art includes relatively large hybrid electronic packages which have been affixed to railroad cars to reflect RF signals in order to monitor the location and movement of such cars.
- This prior art also includes smaller passive RFID packages which have been developed in the field of transportation and are operative for tracking automobiles. These reflective passive RFID packages operate by modulating the impedance of an antenna, but are generally inefficient in operation, require large amounts of power to operate, and have a limited data handling capability.
- the general purpose and principal object of the present invention is to provide still further new and useful improvements in the field of radio frequency identification (RFID) generally and improvements which are particularly adapted and well-suited for operation with electrically powered postage stamps and mailing labels.
- RFID radio frequency identification
- an electrically powered postage stamp and an electrically powered mailing label each of which include, in combination, an integrated circuit chip having an RF transceiver constructed therein; a thin flat battery cell connected to the IC chip for providing power thereto; and a thin film RF antenna connected to the IC chip for transmitting data to and from the IC chip.
- All of the above components are connected in a very thin array and mounted between opposing major facing surfaces of either a postage stamp or a larger mailing or shipping label in a substantially two dimensional planar configuration. These components are operative to store data in the IC chip memory, which data includes such things as the destination address, return address, and descriptions of the contents of the article being mailed or shipped.
- These components are further operative in a novel system combination to transmit the stored data to an interrogating party upon receipt of RF interrogation signals transmitted to the stamp or label, or to receive data from same.
- Another object of this invention is to provide a new and improved electronically powered stamp or label of the type described and process for making the stamp or label which employs certain novel, thin film fabrication techniques capable of producing device thicknesses on the order of a fraction of a millimeter. These thicknesses are typically within the range of one to five mils, thereby being extremely well suited and adapted for use with corresponding postage stamp or mailing label thickness dimensions.
- a further object of this invention is to provide a new and improved electronically powered postage stamp or mailing label of the type described including RFID integrated circuitry which is operatively powered by a flat and very thin battery and imparts a high and sophisticated degree of RF communication capability to these stamps or labels without significantly increasing the overall size and volume of the stamps or labels.
- FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of the electrically powered mailing or shipping label embodiment of the invention, including the novel radio frequency identification system mounted on the label base member.
- the label cover and label base members shown in FIG. 1 apply equally as well to the smaller stamp cover or stamp base members which, for sake of brevity, have not been shown in the drawings.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged perspective view of an RFID device and label or stamp package constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a plan view showing the conductive patterns on the base and cover members used in FIG. 2 , including dotted line outlines for the locations of the IC chip and batteries which form the FIG. 2 structure.
- FIGS. 4A through 4D are cross sectional views taken along lines 4 - 4 of FIG. 3 showing the four (4) major processing steps which are used in constructing the RFID device and system array in accordance with a preferred process embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 5 is a greatly enlarged perspective view of one suitable, very thin lithium/vanadium-oxide/copper battery or cell useful in the label and stamp embodiments and perspective views shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 above.
- FIG. 6 is a functional block diagram showing the major signal processing stages within the RFID integrated circuit chip described herein and shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 above. These major signal processing stages are also used within the interrogation unit (not shown) which is operative to interrogate the IC chip shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 above.
- the electrically powered, RF operative label or stamp includes a cover member 10 and a base member 12 upon which a radio frequency identification system has been constructed using thin film deposition techniques of the type described in my above identified co-pending application Ser. No. (71-579) filed Jun. 17, 1992.
- the RFID system 14 will include one or more thin flat battery cells 16 and 18 which are connected in series as indicated by line 20 and are both connected via line 22 to drive an integrated circuit transceiver chip 24 .
- the IC transceiver chip 24 will preferably be connected to a dipole antenna consisting of thin film antenna strips 26 and 28 , and the dipole antenna 26 and 28 is operative to both transmit RF signals from the IC chip 24 to a controller and to receive incoming RF signals from an external RF source controller and operative to encode this data in IC chip memory in a manner more particularly described below with reference to FIG. 6 .
- This data will typically include information on the article to which the label or stamp are affixed, such as an identification number, the sender's name, point of origin, weight, size, route, destination, and the like.
- the RFID system 14 may be used to automatically RF communicate with postage meters and with automatic sorting machines to thereby completely eliminate the need for human intervention for such automatic sorting, thereby greatly reducing automatic mail sorting costs while simultaneously greatly increasing the speed and accuracy of the mail sorting process.
- the thin flat battery cells 16 and 18 can be made of various materials and typically include an anode, a collector, a cathode material, and a battery separator including a polymer and electrolytes of the type described below so as to not exceed a total battery thickness of 1 to 10 mils, while simultaneously being flexible and in some cases rechargeable. Furthermore, imminent commercialization of solid thin flat batteries having useful current levels at low temperatures makes the present invention commercially viable.
- the IC chip 24 can also be made of thicknesses of no greater than 8 mils and since the thin film metal dipole antenna strips 26 and 28 may be held to thicknesses less than 1 to 2 mils, it is seen that the total added thickness between the label cover and base layers 10 and 12 will be negligible and not significantly affecting the bulk or the volume of the stamp or label into which the RFID system 14 is incorporated.
- the RFID tag includes a base support layer 30 upon which an integrated circuit chip 32 is disposed on the near end of the layer 30 and connected to a dipole antenna consisting of a pair of conductive strips 34 and 36 extending laterally from the chip 32 .
- These conductive strips 34 and 36 will typically be screen printed on the upper surface of the base support layer 30 .
- a pair of rectangularly shaped batteries 38 and 40 are positioned as shown adjacent to the IC chip 32 and are also disposed on the upper surface of the base support member 30 .
- the two rectangular batteries 38 and 40 are electrically connected in series to power the IC chip 32 in a manner more particularly described below.
- the device or package shown in FIG. 2 is then completed by the folding over of an outer or upper cover member 42 which is sealed to the exposed edge surface portions of the base member 30 to thereby provide an hermetically sealed and completed package.
- the contact 50 which is attached to batteries 38 and 40 using conductive epoxy, provides the back side series electrical connection for the two batteries 38 and 40 .
- the integrated circuit chip 32 has transmitter, memory, control, logic, and receiver stages therein and is powered by the two batteries 38 and 40 during the transmission and reception of data to and from an interrogator to provide the interrogator with the various above information and identification parameters concerning the article, animal or person to which the RFID tag is attached.
- FIG. 3 there is shown a plan view of the geometry of the base support member 30 and the cover member 42 which, during the initial manufacturing stage for the RFID device, are joined at an intersecting line 44 .
- the dipole antenna strips 34 and 36 are shown positioned on each side of the IC chip 32 , and the two conductive strips 46 and 48 serve to connect the tops of the batteries 38 and 40 into the IC chip 32 .
- a conductive strip 50 is provided on the upwardly facing inside surface of the top cover 42 , so that when the cover 42 is folded by 180.degree. at intersecting line 44 , its outer boundary 52 is ready to be sealed with the outer boundary 54 of the base support member 30 .
- the conductive strip 50 bonded by the conductive epoxy to the batteries 38 and 40 completes the series electrical connection used to connect the two batteries 38 and 40 in series with each other and further in the series circuit with the integrated circuit chip 32 through the two conductors 46 and 48 .
- FIG. 4A shows in cross section view the IC chip 32 bonded to the base support member 30 by means of a spot or button of conductive epoxy material 56 .
- the conductive strip 48 is shown in cross section on the upper surface of the base support member 30 .
- the battery 40 is aligned in place as indicated earlier in FIG. 2 and has the right hand end thereof bonded and connected to the upper surface of the conductive strip 48 by means of a spot of conductive epoxy applied to the upper surface of the conductive strip 48 , but not numbered in this figure.
- a stiffener material 58 is applied as shown over the upper and side surfaces of the IC chip 32 , and the stiffener material will preferably be an insulating material such as “glob-top” epoxy to provide a desired degree of stiffness to the package and protection for the integrated circuit as completed.
- FIG. 5 there is shown in a greatly enlarged perspective view a lithium/vanadium-oxide/copper battery including a lithium anode 60 as a top plate for the battery, an intermediate polymerized vanadium oxide electrolyte and separator layer 62 and a copper collector 64 .
- the layer 62 is not limited to the use of vanadium oxide (V 2 O 5 or V 6 O 13 ), but may use other oxides such as magnesium oxide, MnO 2 .
- the intermediate layer 62 is formed and polymerized on the upper surface of the copper collector 64 and may be obtained from outside manufacturers or vendors as a one piece sheet ( 62 , 64 ) and then assembled in house with lithium top anode sheets.
- the thickness of these thin flat batteries will typically be in the range of 1 to 10 mils, and as previously indicated may be made as thin as a fraction of a mil.
- the components are assembled in an argon or other inert dry atmosphere using state of the art thin dry cell fabrication techniques.
- the use of conductive polymer layers as separators in thin flat battery cells is generally known in the art and is described, for example, in an article by M. G. Kanatzibis entitled “Conductive Polymers”, Chemical and Engineering News—American Chemical Society, Dec. 3, 1990, incorporated herein by reference.
- the rectangular outer boundary 66 in this figure defines the active area on the integrated circuit chip (e.g. 24 in FIG. 1 ) in which the novel integrated circuit transceiver has been formed using state of the art MOS planar processing techniques.
- MOS planar processing techniques are well known in the art and are, therefore, not described in detail herein.
- an RF receiver stage 68 and an RF transmitter stage 70 both connected through a common line or connection 72 to an off-chip antenna 74 of any planar type.
- a sleep/wake up circuit 76 is also connected via line 78 to the antenna 74 and operates in response to signals received from the antenna 74 to activate the necessary remaining circuitry and stages on the IC chip 66 described below.
- the receiver 68 is connected through a line 80 to a control logic stage 82 , and a first output line 84 from the control logic stage 82 is connected as an input to the memory stage 86 .
- a return output line 88 from the memory stage 86 connects back to the control logic stage 82 , and a second output line 90 from the control logic stage 82 connects as a second input to the transmitter 70 for providing memory or stored input data to the transmitter 70 via the control logic stage 82 .
- the data received concerning ID number, name, route, destination, size, weight, etc. is processed through the receiver 68 and through the control logic stage 82 and encoded into the memory stage 86 .
- a data call-up operation when the RFID package in the above figures is placed on the outside surface of a piece luggage by the airlines or on a package for shipment by the postal service, either the airline agent or the postal worker will transmit information to the receiver 68 via an RF communication link concerning data such as the owner's name ID number, point of origin, weight, size, route, destination, and the like.
- This information received at the receiver stage 68 is then transmitted over line 80 and through the appropriate control logic stage 82 which sorts this information out in a known manner and in turn transmits the data to be stored via lines 84 into a bank of memory 86 .
- This data is stored here in memory 86 until such time that it is desired to call up the data at one or more points along the shipment route.
- an interrogator may want to call up this data and use it at the point of destination for insuring that the item of shipment or luggage is most ensuredly and efficiently put in the hands of the desired recipient at the earliest possible time.
- an interrogator at the destination point will send interrogation signals to the RFID chip 66 where they will be received at the antenna 74 and first processed by a sleep/wake up circuit 76 which operates to bring the FIG. 6 circuitry out of the sleep mode and allow the receiver stage 68 to process this received data to the control logic stage 82 via line 80 .
- the requester will be operating an interrogation electronic unit having therein the same circuitry as that shown in FIG. 6 , less the sleep/wake up circuit 76 .
- the memory stage 86 will produce the above six pieces of information relating to the shipped article and generate this data on line 88 and back through the control logic stage 82 into the transmitter 70 so that the transmitter 70 can now transmit this data to the interrogator.
- the receiver and transmitter sections 68 and 70 in FIG. 6 will preferably be operated in one of the well known spread spectrum (SS) modes using one of several available SS types of modulation which include: (1) direct sequence, (2) frequency hopping, (3) pulsed FM or chirped modulation, (4) time hopping, or time-frequency hopping used with pulse amplitude modulation, simple pulsed amplitude modulation or binary phase shift keying.
- SS spread spectrum
- the spread spectrum mode of operation per se is generally well known in the art and must conform to the frequency band separation requirements of the FCC Regulations, Part 15, incorporated herein by reference.
- the circuitry for the interrogation unit (not shown) will be similar to the functional system shown in FIG. 6 as will be understood by those skilled in the art, and therefore the interrogation unit will not be described herein.
- the present invention is not limited to the use of any particular types of thin flat battery cells or materials or cell fabrication processes, nor is it limited to the particular preferred fabrication technique for the RFID system as shown in FIGS. 2, 3 , and 4 above.
- the present invention is not strictly limited to the use of radio frequency communication and may, in environments where RF signals are not allowed, be modified so that the IC chip transceiver is capable of communicating with light waves using certain state of the art electro-optical coupling techniques which are not described herein, but are clearly within the scope of the following appended claims.
- the present invention also includes forming an optical detector on the IC chip as a means of receiving and detecting signals carried by light and also as a means of powering the RFID transceiver as an alternative to using a battery. Accordingly, these and other systems and constructional modifications are clearly within the scope of the broad claims filed herein.
Abstract
Description
- This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 09/481,807 filed Jan. 11, 2000, which is a divisional of application Ser No. 08/934,701 filed Sep. 22, 1997, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,013,949; which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/610,236 filed Mar. 4, 1996, now abandoned; which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/168,909 filed Dec. 17, 1993, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,497,140; which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 07/928,899 filed Aug. 12, 1992, now abandoned.
- This invention relates generally to electrically powered postage stamps and mailing labels which operate to transmit radio frequency (RF) identification signals to an interrogator either at the point of shipment origin, in transit, or upon reaching a point of destination. More particularly, this invention relates to such stamps and labels having an integrated circuit therein powered by a thin flat battery cell.
- In my co-pending application Ser. No. (71-579) entitled “Radio Frequency Identification Device and Method of Manufacture, Including an Electrical Operating System and Method”, filed Jun. 17, 1992, there are disclosed and claimed new and improved radio frequency identification (RFID) tags which may be affixed to various articles (or persons) so that these articles, when shipped, may be easily tracked from the point of shipment origin, then along a given route, and then readily located upon reaching a point of destination. These RFID tags are constructed within a small area on the order of one inch (1″) square or less and of a thickness on the order of 30 mils. These tags include, among other things, an integrated circuit (IC) chip having transmitter, receiver, memory and control logic sections therein which together form an IC transceiver capable of being powered by either a small battery or by a capacitor charged from a remote RF source. The IC chip including the RF transmitter and receiver sections operates to provide for the RF signal transmission and reception to and from remote sources, and a thin film antenna is also constructed within the above small area. The above novel RFID system operates to receive, store, and transmit article-identifying data to and from the memory within the IC chip. This data is stored within the IC chip memory stage and may be subsequently called up and transmitted to an interrogating party at the above point of origin, points along a given shipment route, and then upon reaching a point of destination. This co-pending application is assigned to the present assignee and is incorporated herein by reference.
- The RFID device disclosed and claimed in my above identified co-pending application represents not only a fundamental breakthrough in the field of RF identification generally, but also represents significant specific advances over the prior art described in some detail in this co-pending application. This prior art includes relatively large hybrid electronic packages which have been affixed to railroad cars to reflect RF signals in order to monitor the location and movement of such cars. This prior art also includes smaller passive RFID packages which have been developed in the field of transportation and are operative for tracking automobiles. These reflective passive RFID packages operate by modulating the impedance of an antenna, but are generally inefficient in operation, require large amounts of power to operate, and have a limited data handling capability.
- The above mentioned prior art still further includes bar code identification devices and optical character recognition (OCR) devices which are well known in the art. However, these bar code identification and OCR devices require labor intensive operation and tend to be not only very expensive, but highly unreliable. However, all of the above mentioned prior art devices described in my above co-pending application are only remotely related to the present invention as will become more readily apparent in the following description thereof.
- The general purpose and principal object of the present invention is to provide still further new and useful improvements in the field of radio frequency identification (RFID) generally and improvements which are particularly adapted and well-suited for operation with electrically powered postage stamps and mailing labels. These new and useful improvements are made both with respect to the novel devices and processes described and claimed in my above identified co-pending application, and also with respect to all of the prior art described therein.
- To accomplish the above purpose and object, there have been developed both an electrically powered postage stamp and an electrically powered mailing label, each of which include, in combination, an integrated circuit chip having an RF transceiver constructed therein; a thin flat battery cell connected to the IC chip for providing power thereto; and a thin film RF antenna connected to the IC chip for transmitting data to and from the IC chip. All of the above components are connected in a very thin array and mounted between opposing major facing surfaces of either a postage stamp or a larger mailing or shipping label in a substantially two dimensional planar configuration. These components are operative to store data in the IC chip memory, which data includes such things as the destination address, return address, and descriptions of the contents of the article being mailed or shipped. These components are further operative in a novel system combination to transmit the stored data to an interrogating party upon receipt of RF interrogation signals transmitted to the stamp or label, or to receive data from same.
- Accordingly, it is another object of this invention to provide a new and improved RFID stamp or label of the type described which is uniquely constructed in an essentially two dimensional configuration which is easily scalable to the two dimensional major surface area of either a postage stamp or a mailing label.
- Another object of this invention is to provide a new and improved electronically powered stamp or label of the type described and process for making the stamp or label which employs certain novel, thin film fabrication techniques capable of producing device thicknesses on the order of a fraction of a millimeter. These thicknesses are typically within the range of one to five mils, thereby being extremely well suited and adapted for use with corresponding postage stamp or mailing label thickness dimensions.
- A further object of this invention is to provide a new and improved electronically powered postage stamp or mailing label of the type described including RFID integrated circuitry which is operatively powered by a flat and very thin battery and imparts a high and sophisticated degree of RF communication capability to these stamps or labels without significantly increasing the overall size and volume of the stamps or labels.
- The above brief summary of the invention, together with its various objects, novel features and attendant advantages, will become more readily apparent in the following description of the accompanying drawings.
-
FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of the electrically powered mailing or shipping label embodiment of the invention, including the novel radio frequency identification system mounted on the label base member. However, it should be understood that there is no basic functional difference in the label and stamp embodiments of the invention, and that the label cover and label base members shown inFIG. 1 apply equally as well to the smaller stamp cover or stamp base members which, for sake of brevity, have not been shown in the drawings. -
FIG. 2 is an enlarged perspective view of an RFID device and label or stamp package constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 3 is a plan view showing the conductive patterns on the base and cover members used inFIG. 2 , including dotted line outlines for the locations of the IC chip and batteries which form theFIG. 2 structure. -
FIGS. 4A through 4D are cross sectional views taken along lines 4-4 ofFIG. 3 showing the four (4) major processing steps which are used in constructing the RFID device and system array in accordance with a preferred process embodiment of the invention. -
FIG. 5 is a greatly enlarged perspective view of one suitable, very thin lithium/vanadium-oxide/copper battery or cell useful in the label and stamp embodiments and perspective views shown inFIGS. 1 and 2 above. -
FIG. 6 is a functional block diagram showing the major signal processing stages within the RFID integrated circuit chip described herein and shown inFIGS. 1 and 2 above. These major signal processing stages are also used within the interrogation unit (not shown) which is operative to interrogate the IC chip shown inFIGS. 1 and 2 above. - Referring now to
FIG. 1 , the electrically powered, RF operative label or stamp includes acover member 10 and abase member 12 upon which a radio frequency identification system has been constructed using thin film deposition techniques of the type described in my above identified co-pending application Ser. No. (71-579) filed Jun. 17, 1992. Functionally speaking, the RFID system 14 will include one or more thinflat battery cells line 20 and are both connected vialine 22 to drive an integratedcircuit transceiver chip 24. TheIC transceiver chip 24 will preferably be connected to a dipole antenna consisting of thinfilm antenna strips dipole antenna IC chip 24 to a controller and to receive incoming RF signals from an external RF source controller and operative to encode this data in IC chip memory in a manner more particularly described below with reference toFIG. 6 . This data will typically include information on the article to which the label or stamp are affixed, such as an identification number, the sender's name, point of origin, weight, size, route, destination, and the like. In addition, the RFID system 14 may be used to automatically RF communicate with postage meters and with automatic sorting machines to thereby completely eliminate the need for human intervention for such automatic sorting, thereby greatly reducing automatic mail sorting costs while simultaneously greatly increasing the speed and accuracy of the mail sorting process. - The thin
flat battery cells IC chip 24 can also be made of thicknesses of no greater than 8 mils and since the thin film metaldipole antenna strips base layers - Referring now to
FIG. 2 , there is shown in a perspective view a preferred device embodiment of the present invention wherein the RFID tag includes abase support layer 30 upon which an integratedcircuit chip 32 is disposed on the near end of thelayer 30 and connected to a dipole antenna consisting of a pair ofconductive strips chip 32. Theseconductive strips base support layer 30. - A pair of rectangularly shaped
batteries IC chip 32 and are also disposed on the upper surface of thebase support member 30. The tworectangular batteries IC chip 32 in a manner more particularly described below. The device or package shown inFIG. 2 is then completed by the folding over of an outer orupper cover member 42 which is sealed to the exposed edge surface portions of thebase member 30 to thereby provide an hermetically sealed and completed package. When thecover member 42 is folded over on the base member, thecontact 50 which is attached tobatteries batteries circuit chip 32 has transmitter, memory, control, logic, and receiver stages therein and is powered by the twobatteries - Referring now to
FIG. 3 , there is shown a plan view of the geometry of thebase support member 30 and thecover member 42 which, during the initial manufacturing stage for the RFID device, are joined at an intersectingline 44. The dipole antenna strips 34 and 36 are shown positioned on each side of theIC chip 32, and the twoconductive strips batteries IC chip 32. Aconductive strip 50 is provided on the upwardly facing inside surface of thetop cover 42, so that when thecover 42 is folded by 180.degree. at intersectingline 44, its outer boundary 52 is ready to be sealed with theouter boundary 54 of thebase support member 30. Simultaneously, theconductive strip 50 bonded by the conductive epoxy to thebatteries batteries integrated circuit chip 32 through the twoconductors - Referring now to
FIGS. 4A through 4D taken at the 4A-4D cross section indicated inFIG. 3 ,FIG. 4A shows in cross section view theIC chip 32 bonded to thebase support member 30 by means of a spot or button of conductive epoxy material 56. Theconductive strip 48 is shown in cross section on the upper surface of thebase support member 30. - Referring now to
FIG. 4B , thebattery 40 is aligned in place as indicated earlier inFIG. 2 and has the right hand end thereof bonded and connected to the upper surface of theconductive strip 48 by means of a spot of conductive epoxy applied to the upper surface of theconductive strip 48, but not numbered in this figure. - Referring now to
FIG. 4C , a stiffener material 58 is applied as shown over the upper and side surfaces of theIC chip 32, and the stiffener material will preferably be an insulating material such as “glob-top” epoxy to provide a desired degree of stiffness to the package and protection for the integrated circuit as completed. - Next, a spot of conductive epoxy is applied to each end of the
conductive strip 50, and then thecover layer material 42 with the conductive epoxy thereon is folded over onto the batteries 38 (ofFIG. 2 ) and 40 and thebase member 30 to cure and heat seal and thus complete and seal the package in the configuration shown inFIG. 4D . This figure corresponds to the remainingstations FIG. 1 . - Referring now to
FIG. 5 , there is shown in a greatly enlarged perspective view a lithium/vanadium-oxide/copper battery including alithium anode 60 as a top plate for the battery, an intermediate polymerized vanadium oxide electrolyte andseparator layer 62 and acopper collector 64. However, thelayer 62 is not limited to the use of vanadium oxide (V2O5 or V6O13), but may use other oxides such as magnesium oxide, MnO2. Theintermediate layer 62 is formed and polymerized on the upper surface of thecopper collector 64 and may be obtained from outside manufacturers or vendors as a one piece sheet (62, 64) and then assembled in house with lithium top anode sheets. Alternatively, the thin flat battery structure shown inFIG. 5 may be obtained as a completed battery cell from outside vendors or manufacturers. The thickness of these thin flat batteries will typically be in the range of 1 to 10 mils, and as previously indicated may be made as thin as a fraction of a mil. The components are assembled in an argon or other inert dry atmosphere using state of the art thin dry cell fabrication techniques. The use of conductive polymer layers as separators in thin flat battery cells is generally known in the art and is described, for example, in an article by M. G. Kanatzibis entitled “Conductive Polymers”, Chemical and Engineering News—American Chemical Society, Dec. 3, 1990, incorporated herein by reference. - Referring now to
FIG. 6 , the rectangularouter boundary 66 in this figure defines the active area on the integrated circuit chip (e.g. 24 inFIG. 1 ) in which the novel integrated circuit transceiver has been formed using state of the art MOS planar processing techniques. These MOS planar processing techniques are well known in the art and are, therefore, not described in detail herein. Within the chipactive area 66 there is provided anRF receiver stage 68 and anRF transmitter stage 70, both connected through a common line orconnection 72 to an off-chip antenna 74 of any planar type. A sleep/wake upcircuit 76 is also connected vialine 78 to theantenna 74 and operates in response to signals received from theantenna 74 to activate the necessary remaining circuitry and stages on theIC chip 66 described below. - The
receiver 68 is connected through aline 80 to acontrol logic stage 82, and afirst output line 84 from thecontrol logic stage 82 is connected as an input to thememory stage 86. Areturn output line 88 from thememory stage 86 connects back to thecontrol logic stage 82, and asecond output line 90 from thecontrol logic stage 82 connects as a second input to thetransmitter 70 for providing memory or stored input data to thetransmitter 70 via thecontrol logic stage 82. In a data encoding operation, the data received concerning ID number, name, route, destination, size, weight, etc. is processed through thereceiver 68 and through thecontrol logic stage 82 and encoded into thememory stage 86. - As an example of a data call-up operation, when the RFID package in the above figures is placed on the outside surface of a piece luggage by the airlines or on a package for shipment by the postal service, either the airline agent or the postal worker will transmit information to the
receiver 68 via an RF communication link concerning data such as the owner's name ID number, point of origin, weight, size, route, destination, and the like. This information received at thereceiver stage 68 is then transmitted overline 80 and through the appropriatecontrol logic stage 82 which sorts this information out in a known manner and in turn transmits the data to be stored vialines 84 into a bank ofmemory 86. This data is stored here inmemory 86 until such time that it is desired to call up the data at one or more points along the shipment route. - For example, upon reaching a point of shipment destination, an interrogator may want to call up this data and use it at the point of destination for insuring that the item of shipment or luggage is most ensuredly and efficiently put in the hands of the desired recipient at the earliest possible time. Thus, an interrogator at the destination point will send interrogation signals to the
RFID chip 66 where they will be received at theantenna 74 and first processed by a sleep/wake upcircuit 76 which operates to bring theFIG. 6 circuitry out of the sleep mode and allow thereceiver stage 68 to process this received data to thecontrol logic stage 82 vialine 80. At the same time, the requester will be operating an interrogation electronic unit having therein the same circuitry as that shown inFIG. 6 , less the sleep/wake upcircuit 76. - With all stages in the
FIG. 6 circuitry now awake, thememory stage 86 will produce the above six pieces of information relating to the shipped article and generate this data online 88 and back through thecontrol logic stage 82 into thetransmitter 70 so that thetransmitter 70 can now transmit this data to the interrogator. - The receiver and
transmitter sections FIG. 6 will preferably be operated in one of the well known spread spectrum (SS) modes using one of several available SS types of modulation which include: (1) direct sequence, (2) frequency hopping, (3) pulsed FM or chirped modulation, (4) time hopping, or time-frequency hopping used with pulse amplitude modulation, simple pulsed amplitude modulation or binary phase shift keying. The spread spectrum mode of operation per se is generally well known in the art and must conform to the frequency band separation requirements of the FCC Regulations, Part 15, incorporated herein by reference. The circuitry for the interrogation unit (not shown) will be similar to the functional system shown inFIG. 6 as will be understood by those skilled in the art, and therefore the interrogation unit will not be described herein. - Various modifications may be made in and to the above described embodiment without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention. For example, various modifications and changes may be made in the antenna configurations, battery arrangements (such as battery stacking), device materials, device fabrication steps, and the system block diagram in
FIG. 6 without departing from the scope of this invention. In addition, the various off chip components such as the antenna, battery, capacitor, and even inductors can be manufactured on-chip within the claims herein. In the case where RF charging is used, a battery will not be required. Accordingly, these and other constructional modifications are within the scope of the following appended claims. - In addition, still other modifications may be made in and to the above described cell fabrication and device fabrication procedures without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention. For example, the present invention is not limited to the use of any particular types of thin flat battery cells or materials or cell fabrication processes, nor is it limited to the particular preferred fabrication technique for the RFID system as shown in
FIGS. 2, 3 , and 4 above. Moreover, the present invention is not strictly limited to the use of radio frequency communication and may, in environments where RF signals are not allowed, be modified so that the IC chip transceiver is capable of communicating with light waves using certain state of the art electro-optical coupling techniques which are not described herein, but are clearly within the scope of the following appended claims. - Finally, it will be understood and appreciated by those skilled in the art that the present invention also includes forming an optical detector on the IC chip as a means of receiving and detecting signals carried by light and also as a means of powering the RFID transceiver as an alternative to using a battery. Accordingly, these and other systems and constructional modifications are clearly within the scope of the broad claims filed herein.
Claims (11)
Priority Applications (2)
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US11/175,803 US20050242964A1 (en) | 1992-08-12 | 2005-07-05 | Miniature radio frequency transceiver |
US11/848,017 US20070290812A1 (en) | 1992-08-12 | 2007-08-30 | Miniature Radio Frequency Transceiver |
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US92889992A | 1992-08-12 | 1992-08-12 | |
US08/168,909 US5497140A (en) | 1992-08-12 | 1993-12-17 | Electrically powered postage stamp or mailing or shipping label operative with radio frequency (RF) communication |
US61023696A | 1996-03-04 | 1996-03-04 | |
US08/934,701 US6013949A (en) | 1992-08-12 | 1997-09-22 | Miniature Radio Frequency Transceiver |
US09/481,807 US6741178B1 (en) | 1992-06-17 | 2000-01-11 | Electrically powered postage stamp or mailing or shipping label operative with radio frequency (RF) communication |
US10/705,685 US7158031B2 (en) | 1992-08-12 | 2003-11-10 | Thin, flexible, RFID label and system for use |
US11/175,803 US20050242964A1 (en) | 1992-08-12 | 2005-07-05 | Miniature radio frequency transceiver |
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US10/705,685 Division US7158031B2 (en) | 1992-08-12 | 2003-11-10 | Thin, flexible, RFID label and system for use |
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US11/206,350 Expired - Fee Related US7265674B2 (en) | 1992-08-12 | 2005-08-18 | Thin flexible, RFID labels, and method and apparatus for use |
US11/585,691 Expired - Fee Related US8018340B2 (en) | 1992-08-12 | 2006-10-24 | System and method to track articles at a point of origin and at a point of destination using RFID |
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US11/848,017 Abandoned US20070290812A1 (en) | 1992-08-12 | 2007-08-30 | Miniature Radio Frequency Transceiver |
US11/848,011 Expired - Fee Related US7746230B2 (en) | 1992-08-12 | 2007-08-30 | Radio frequency identification device and method |
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US11/585,691 Expired - Fee Related US8018340B2 (en) | 1992-08-12 | 2006-10-24 | System and method to track articles at a point of origin and at a point of destination using RFID |
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US11/848,008 Expired - Fee Related US7649463B2 (en) | 1992-08-12 | 2007-08-30 | Radio frequency identification device and method |
US11/848,017 Abandoned US20070290812A1 (en) | 1992-08-12 | 2007-08-30 | Miniature Radio Frequency Transceiver |
US11/848,011 Expired - Fee Related US7746230B2 (en) | 1992-08-12 | 2007-08-30 | Radio frequency identification device and method |
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US20070040685A1 (en) | 2007-02-22 |
US8018340B2 (en) | 2011-09-13 |
US7649463B2 (en) | 2010-01-19 |
US20050285744A1 (en) | 2005-12-29 |
US7583192B2 (en) | 2009-09-01 |
US7265674B2 (en) | 2007-09-04 |
US20040246099A1 (en) | 2004-12-09 |
US20070103316A1 (en) | 2007-05-10 |
US20080129510A1 (en) | 2008-06-05 |
US20070290812A1 (en) | 2007-12-20 |
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