US20050282493A1 - Satellite based data transfer and delivery system - Google Patents
Satellite based data transfer and delivery system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20050282493A1 US20050282493A1 US11/198,645 US19864505A US2005282493A1 US 20050282493 A1 US20050282493 A1 US 20050282493A1 US 19864505 A US19864505 A US 19864505A US 2005282493 A1 US2005282493 A1 US 2005282493A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- wau
- data
- wireless
- services
- satellite
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K13/00—Conveying record carriers from one station to another, e.g. from stack to punching mechanism
- G06K13/02—Conveying record carriers from one station to another, e.g. from stack to punching mechanism the record carrier having longitudinal dimension comparable with transverse dimension, e.g. punched card
- G06K13/08—Feeding or discharging cards
- G06K13/0806—Feeding or discharging cards using an arrangement for ejection of an inserted card
- G06K13/0825—Feeding or discharging cards using an arrangement for ejection of an inserted card the ejection arrangement being of the push-push kind
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/18578—Satellite systems for providing broadband data service to individual earth stations
- H04B7/1858—Arrangements for data transmission on the physical system, i.e. for data bit transmission between network components
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/18578—Satellite systems for providing broadband data service to individual earth stations
- H04B7/18591—Arrangements for interconnecting multiple systems
Definitions
- This invention relates to bi-directional communication systems and methods, and in particular, to an integrated satellite based data communication system.
- PCs personal computers
- workstations As used herein, PCs will be understood to include personal computers, workstations and other similar data acquisition and/or origination terminals.
- One problem with existing terrestrial systems is that the data transfer rate is relatively slow or alternatively is expensive. With current methods, data transfer is typically slow, resulting in long data-download times.
- Satellite based systems are under construction or are proposed which will make high data rate/low delay information transfer widely available.
- satellite systems require an expensive satellite transceiver and directional antenna at each user.
- What is needed are low cost software configurable satellite interfaces that leverage existing consumer equipment (e.g., laptop, palmtop, and desktop computers).
- consumer equipment e.g., laptop, palmtop, and desktop computers.
- at least one proposed system requires that each business and each residence have a stationary direct satellite link for the exchange of high speed data including multimedia data.
- terrestrial data sources or sites with which it is desirable to have high speed data access. Such sites vary in the number of data consumers over the course of time. Hence, data demand can vary as customers enter or leave service areas.
- FIG. 1 is an overall system diagram of a system in accordance with the principles of the invention
- FIG. 2 illustrates a portion of the system of FIG. 1 in greater detail
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a subsystem utilized in the system portion of FIG. 2 ;
- FIG. 4 illustrates different payload data which are utilized in the system of FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 5 is a system block diagram illustrating the access of a number of subscribers to the subsystem of FIG. 3 ;
- FIG. 6 illustrates a data frame structure utilized in the system of FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 7 is a joint time-frequency diagram illustrating dynamic allocation of unused and/or underused spectrum
- FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating a system having a spectrum scanning mode in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a spectrum diagram illustrating a possible spectrum for a system implementing a frequency hopping/direct sequence spread spectrum approach in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a block diagram illustrating a communications system utilizing a frequency hopping/direct sequence spread spectrum approach in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
- a system in which high data rate, low delay wireless data communication is provided to pluralities of users.
- Each plurality of users is served from a single, central wireless access unit (WAU).
- the WAU in accordance with the invention, provides centralized wireless access for a plurality of users to satellite data communications and in addition, provides access to other high data rate services which may be wireless or wired.
- the invention advantageously provides for wireless communication between each data utilization device or PC and the WAU thereby permitting users to access the high data rate, low delay data from substantially any location within the range of the WAU.
- a system in accordance with the invention provides that a plurality of users may access satellite transferred data and wired data services, via one or more WAU devices, thereby allowing wireless bi-directional interchange of data.
- a plurality of users of high data rate, low delay wireless data access a proximity WAU which in turn accesses a satellite link or another WAU, or one or more of a number of wired and wireless services available within proximity of the WAU.
- each user may also transfer data in a distributed peer-to-peer fashion.
- a Wireless Information Technology System which interfaces to multiple information sources and extends these services via wireless links, to users while providing self-forming network adaptability, frequency adaptability, modulation adaptability, interference suppression adaptability, overlay adaptability, and bandwidth adaptability.
- the system performs a seamless protocol transformation of subscriber data, providing a near transparent interface between consumer and desired information sources.
- a system in accordance with the principles of the invention provides for high data rate wireless information exchange to a plurality of users from a satellite antenna and associated satellite communication system, other terrestrial wireless systems or wired bi-directional data systems and sources.
- the term “high data rate” is typically used to refer to data rates exceeding, for example, 400 kilobits per second (kbps).
- the WAU provides the ability to access information by wireless methods, thereby providing freedom of movement for users and elimination of the cost of a wired infrastructure between each user and the data communication services.
- a plurality of users located within wireless range of the WAU can access the high speed satellite, terrestrial microwave and cellular data services via the WAU. Access to multiple information sources and extension of these services via wireless links to the PC users is possible with the system in accordance with the invention.
- Each WAU and its associated users forms a cell within which users have wireless access to data services via the WAU. Since users can be mobile, one embodiment of the invention includes self-forming network adaptability whereby mobile nodes are “affiliated” with a nearby WAU automatically.
- a single WITS WAU satellite transceiver microwave and cellular data subsystem or interface can service multiple users whether the users are mobile or stationary.
- wired services may be provided to those same users without the expense or difficulty of providing a wired connection to each user.
- the system includes one or more satellites 101 which are part of a constellation of satellites.
- the constellation may be any one of several satellite constellations, such as a constellation of low earth orbit (LEO) satellites or of high earth orbit (HEO) satellites, which includes middle earth orbit (MEO) and geosynchronous earth orbit (GEO) satellites, or a constellation comprising both LEO and HEO satellites such as in the CelestriTM system developed by the assignee of the present invention.
- Satellite, or platform, 101 may have an intersatellite link (ISL), or interplatform link, 102 to one or more additional satellites 101 a which forms part of a satellite constellation.
- ISL intersatellite link
- interplatform link interplatform link
- Satellite 101 also has satellite links 110 to a ground antenna 111 which is coupled to optional gateway 104 .
- Gateway 104 may be a satellite gateway of a type well known to those skilled in the art to provide access to various information sources, such as IP or PSTN/ISDN, for example.
- Satellite 101 may be accessed by a plurality of cells 103 that performs seamless protocol transformation and multi-port distribution to a plurality of users 105 .
- cells 103 Although only six cells 103 are shown, it should be appreciated that a larger or smaller number of terrestrial cells may be accessible by the satellite constellation. What is needed are cell-specific applications, whereby each cell will have a different type of data service tailored to the user requirements of each cell population. For example, medical campus requirements will use the invention for data transfer services that include: patient records, outpatient data, X-rays, CAT scans, MRI scans, provider consult data, insurance data links, transcription data, telemedicine services, billing, medical order transfer, medical research, and real time audiovisual medivac data.
- University campus services can use the invention for: records maintenance (e.g., transcripts, billing, etc.), library access, internet access, virtual professorships, research, remote audiovisual class attendance, inter campus housing, and inter university LANs.
- Neighborhood applications for the invention include: DSS delivery, movies on demand, internet access, telephony services, video telephone services, high-definition television (HDTV) services, real time on-demand CD audio, home shopping, home banking, profile based information delivery, and remote home environment management.
- Industrial campus applications of the invention include: wireless LANs, shop assembly and parts coordination, paging services, inventory control and RF tag services, telecommuting services, and remote sensor applications for electric, oil, gas, water, and other similar utilities.
- Commercial and retail campus services provided by the invention include: billing services, real time inventory control, real time shopping services, advertisement applications, real time delivery tracking, audiovisual customer service, reservation services, staff management and tracking, and security applications.
- Mobile applications of the invention include: vehicle tracking, real time location information, real time map delivery, and high speed passenger internet access.
- data utilization device 205 is understood to be a general purpose, software configurable appliance which is uniquely and dynamically tailored to user data requirements and cell populations.
- Each cell 103 has a WAU 201 and a corresponding group of users 105 . Accordingly, each of the users 105 are able to communicate with satellite 101 , or other high data rate services that are processed through gateway 104 , by transferring data to and from WAU 201 . This avoids the need for each user 105 to communicate directly with satellite 101 , which would require a separate high cost transceiver and associated satellite antenna with proper placement for satellite visibility.
- Each cell 103 includes a satellite antenna 200 coupled to a WITS WAU 201 .
- the WITS WAU 201 typically includes a transceiver for transferring information between WAU 201 and the users associated with the cell 103 , as will be described in more detail when discussing FIG. 3 .
- WITS WAU 201 is preferably located at a high point in the cell region, such as on top of a utility pole, an antenna tower, or on top of a building. In general, it is desirable to mount the WAU 201 to a preexisting structure within the 103 to reduce WITS implementation costs.
- the WAU 201 is implemented in a relatively compact, lightweight package that can be easily mounted by a single installer.
- the package can include, for example, a clamp for fastening the WAU 201 to a pole or other structure.
- the compact, lightweight package also facilitates maintenance of the WAU 201 . That is, the WAU 201 may be easily removed for periodic servicing and/or replacement.
- the position of WAU 201 within the cell 103 is a factor in determining the area or range of operation in which users may access WAU 201 .
- the higher the WAU 201 is mounted within the cell the greater the possible range of coverage.
- relatively small cells having relatively few users per cell are used.
- the WAU 201 can be mounted lower in the cell 103 , such as on the top of a street light post 210 .
- the nominal range of each WAU 201 will be in excess of one mile.
- High density dwelling conditions such as in high rise office and apartment buildings, typically prevent use of satellite tracking antennas by each resident.
- the use of a WITS WAU 201 in accordance with the invention addresses this limitation by allowing users to access data from satellites via the WITS WAU 201 which is located in a position for tracking and communicating with the satellites.
- the satellite access antenna may be of dish type, or, for more flexible satellite access, a phased array antenna.
- Each user in the cell 103 typically has a data utilization device 205 which, for example, can take the form of a personal computer (PC) 203 .
- WITS WAU 201 provides wireless access and distribution of high speed data services from satellites, for example, to a plurality of data utilization devices 205 , typically including PC units 203 in a high density complex, and eliminates the need for wiring each building unit with satellite antenna capability.
- WITS WAU 201 will also incorporate an omnidirectional antenna for data transfer to/from user terminals, although other antenna configurations may also be appropriate.
- Each PC 203 is a platform that accepts software files designed to program and interact with a subscriber interface module (SIM) 204 .
- SIM 204 may take the form of, or be included within, a PCMCIA type card. In an alternate embodiment, SIM 204 may be a separate portable device that connects using a PCMCIA bus slot of PC 203 .
- SIM 204 includes a transceiver 207 to provide the wireless connection to WITS WAU 201 for data services.
- SIM 204 includes (or can be connected to) an antenna 206 of conventional design for the frequency band of interest and desired polarization (e.g., circular polarization) or sectored antennas.
- Transceiver 207 performs all modulation and demodulation functions for transmit and receive communications to the WITS WAU 201 .
- SIM 204 can, in one embodiment, receive commands and/or configuration data from the PC 203 for use in processing any of a number of different waveforms.
- transceiver 207 is a spread spectrum transceiver or high data rate transceiver, both with multiple access capability.
- PC 203 may also include drive 208 for receiving one or more disks 210 having specific wireless application software stored thereon. This allows the PC 203 to be upgraded to higher capacity and more bandwidth efficient waveforms.
- drive 208 and disks 210 also provide functionality specific to the type of data service being utilized by the consumer.
- WITS WAU 201 includes a satellite antenna 200 coupled to a satellite communication (satcom) transceiver subsystem 303 .
- Satellite antenna 200 may be a dish type, or, for more flexible satellite access, a phased array antenna.
- Satcom transceiver subsystem 303 is coupled to a satcom wired infrastructure interface 305 .
- Satcom wired infrastructure interface 305 can be coupled to various wired data services available in the vicinity of WITS WAU 201 and which are collectively identified as wired services 212 .
- Wired services 212 may also be accessed via wireless WAU link 213 , which communicates with other WAU devices in a peer-to-peer fashion.
- Wireless WAU link 213 may be a separate antenna or, alternatively may be included in the functionality of satellite antenna 200 .
- wired services include, but are not limited to, ISDN, cable and fiber optic accessible services.
- Satcom wired infrastructure interface 305 can also be coupled to various terrestrial wireless services 214 . These services can include, but are not limited to, terrestrial microwave links, cellular, and land mobile radio services.
- a seamless protocol transformation processor 307 is utilized to provide for protocol transformations between data protocols from: (i) satcom transceiver subsystem 303 , (ii) wired services 212 , (iii) terrestrial wireless services, (iv) terrestrial microwave services, and (v) cellular/land mobile services and the data protocols used to link to user PCs 203 with wireless signals.
- a wireless modem distribution processor (WDP) 309 is coupled between protocol transformation processor 307 and RF modules 317 and 319 which are in turn coupled to antenna 321 .
- a processor 325 is coupled via bus 323 to satcom wired infrastructure interface 305 , seamless protocol transformation processor 307 , wireless modem distribution processor 309 , and RF modules 317 and 319 .
- Processor 325 includes associated memory which is not shown, but which is familiar to those skilled in the art.
- FIG. 3 illustrates various blocks, the individual blocks may be implemented in either hardware or software and the bus structure 323 , as well as the various connections between blocks, are intended to indicate functional interconnection rather than to indicate actual physical connections.
- WITS WAU 201 may be implemented in one or more actual processors.
- Processor 325 may be a commercially available processor, such as microprocessors available from Motorola, Inc., the assignee of the present invention.
- This host processor and bus structure is capable of sending status messages describing WAU utilization, node command, spectral conflicts, special requests, and relative software uploads, failures, need for network restart, and power loss.
- WITS WAU 201 also included encryption processor 326 which provides wireless transfer security.
- Satellite antenna 200 is used to establish and maintain the link to a satellite 101 .
- Antenna 200 is coupled in conventional fashion to the satcom transceiver subsystem 303 .
- Satcom transceiver 303 is of conventional design and provides a high data rate bi-directional link to satellite constellation 101 via antenna 200 .
- WITS WAU 201 is interfaced with wired services 212 via satcom wired infrastructure interface 305 and wireless WAU link 213 .
- Processor 325 includes selection capability to select a data route via satellite, terrestrial microwave, cellular data, WAU peer-to-peer, or the various wired services 212 based on cost, information content, and delay profiles selected and transferred to the WITS WAU 201 by means of automatic user node affiliation, and maintained in WITS WAU memory.
- software in the WITS WAU 201 can automatically select one service from multiple choices based upon predetermined parameters or algorithms.
- the software can also provide adaptive functionality for waveforms transmitted via antenna 321 and wireless WAU link 213 including, but not limited to, frequency, modulation and bandwidth.
- WITS WAU 201 supports software configurable modem technology that provides a family of wireless signals such as DSPN/CDMA, QAM/TDMA, PSK/OFDM, FH/CDMA, and other wireless multiple access techniques that are compatible with the local data utilization devices. Further, various wireless interfaces may be provided through the use of programmable modem modules 311 , 313 , 315 , and 316 . Modem modules 311 - 315 are typical examples of how WDP 309 may be programmed (i.e., to support, for example, code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), and frequency division multiple access (FDMA)). It should be understood that other wireless multiple access schemes are also possible as needed.
- CDMA code division multiple access
- TDMA time division multiple access
- FDMA frequency division multiple access
- hybrid spread spectrum modulation is used via hybrid SS module 316 .
- hybrid modulation includes both frequency hop (FH) and direct sequence (DS) methods in order to minimize WITS service impact on existing wireless services, while simultaneously reducing the interference impact of these existing services on the WITS-delivered data.
- FIG. 9 illustrates an example FH/DS hybrid spectrum 300 , including typical interference sources, such as fading 302 , pilot tone interference 304 , noise interference 306 , and bauded co-channel interference 308 .
- Each hop frequency fn is spread over a corresponding channel consisting of bandwidth WsN, for a total spreading bandwidth of Wt. Although four hopping bands are shown in the FIG.
- the actual number of hopping frequencies will vary depending upon the environment and spectrum availability.
- spreading the hop impulse in this manner results in a spectral distribution that minimizes the WITS interference impact on existing wireless services, while allowing for the application of interference suppression algorithms at data utilization device 205 .
- reduced hop bandwidths may be implemented to lower hop rates which are less than the current state-of-the-art. These lower hop rates and bandwidths will enable simplified transceiver implementations.
- the invention further includes the ability to adjust the hop bandwidths and spreading sequences depending on the contiguous spectrum availability and existing service density and sensitivity requirements.
- DSPN is applied primarily for the purposes of impulse concealment and interference rejection functionality, power control issues are less problematic.
- a small number of spreading sequences may be used primarily to prevent the damaging effects of hop collisions between sub-nets (e.g., adjacent WITS cells).
- FIG. 10 illustrates one embodiment of the FH/DS approach showing a transmitter 310 , a receiver 312 , and corresponding channel interference sources 314 , 315 .
- the figure shows in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) data being spread by a pseudo-noise (PN) spreading sequence 316 and shifted via a hop sequence 318 and direct digital synthesizer (DDS) prior to channel transmission.
- PN pseudo-noise
- DDS direct digital synthesizer
- Any modulation source may be used, for example, a QPSK source may be implemented for the I,Q data stream with a sufficient DS processing gain, for example, 24-33 dB.
- the channel interference sources include a fading component, H(s). Frequency selective fades may be mitigated via adaptive signal processing.
- channel coding can provide sufficient gain to close the link, albeit at a reduction in data throughput.
- the receiver 312 tunes each WsN 340 corresponding to the hop sequence 342 , with timing given by tref supplied by, for example, stable oscillators or GPS data.
- the corrupted data is then passed to an adaptation processor 320 , which may be located on either SIM 204 or data utilization device 205 .
- the adaptation processor 320 which performs periodic state estimation 322 , stores the state information to interference state memory 324 , and, in parallel, performs interference countermeasures 326 corresponding to the prior interference state.
- WITS WAU 201 also includes one or more common software based WDPs 309 that supply programmable data rates and waveform modes appropriate to communicate with data utilization devices 205 .
- Satcom transceiver subsystem (STS) 303 has the capability to acquire, track, demodulate, and maintain contact to LEO and HEO satellites, and/or other platforms, which may include Geosynchronous Earth Orbiting (GEO) satellite up/downlinks.
- STS 303 is of conventional design.
- Interface 305 comprises conventional interfaces to STS 303 , terrestrial microwave and cellular data services, and to the ISDN, cable and fiber networks.
- WITS WAU 201 may operate with a variety of service-dependent protocols. Accordingly, to facilitate the flexibility of operating with the various protocols, WITS WAU 201 includes a seamless protocol transformation (SPT) processor 307 for providing a seamless protocol transformation such that whatever signal protocol is received from the sources coupled to interface 305 is transformed to the proper data link layer format for wireless transmission to the users 105 of WAU 201 .
- SPT processor 307 receives a satcom, microwave, cellular, or wired signal from the appropriate transceiver interfaces 305 and 307 and transforms it up the open signaling interface (OSI) protocol stack layer to provide a multiple access system that allows connectivity to many users.
- OSI open signaling interface
- SPT processor 307 performs bi-directional physical and upper layer mapping and transformations to provide compatibility with the final stage media transmission with appropriate mobile identification.
- the functionality of SPT processor 307 includes ATM (asynchronous transfer mode)-to-wireless, ISDN-to-wireless, Cable-to-wireless, fiber optic-to-wireless, terrestrial wireless-to-wireless, and other protocol transformations.
- SPT processor 307 provides transformation between the WDP 309 and interface 305 .
- WDP 309 is a software configurable modem for providing a family of wireless signals, such as frequency hop (FH)/CDMA, DSPN/CDMA 311 , QAM/TDMA 313 , PSK/OFDM 315 and other multiple access techniques.
- the various signals are utilized to provide modulation signals information to a transceiver comprising RF modules 317 , 319 which are operable in various modulation arrangements, such as PSK-OFDM, SSPN, SSFH, and other high data rate modes.
- Spread spectrum techniques allow operation in areas of the spectrum that are already occupied by other systems, without interfering with the other systems.
- Modulation formats are software selectable within WITS WAU 201 and are remotely programmable as well as field programmable.
- FIG. 4 illustrates the operation of the SPT processor 307 with respect to a plurality of different payload data, whereby each data payload has certain attributes associated therewith.
- data payload 401 includes data that is characteristic of fiber optic data.
- SPT processor 307 provides the transformation from the specific protocols associated with wired protocols 401 , 403 , 405 , satcom payload 407 , terrestrial microwave protocol 409 , cellular protocol 411 , and wireless distribution protocol 413 to RF modules 317 and 319 . Subsequently, the information is transferred to and from cell users 105 .
- WITS WAU 201 provides high data rate satellite signals and information to its local area with minimum interference to existing terrestrial voice and data services.
- WDP 309 and RF modules 317 and 319 facilitate spread spectrum signals, including for example, frequency hopped signals, direct sequence signals, or hybrid signals, whereby spread spectrum signal technology is utilized to allow existing narrowband signals for cellular and land mobile radio (LMR) traffic, among others, to occupy the same frequency bands without impact on these services.
- Spread spectrum signals support multiple access schemes to increase user density on each channel and improve spectrum reuse. Spread spectrum signals are especially effective in overcoming frequency selective fading, common to urban mobile environments.
- a high data rate capability facilitates transfer of video and other large files with low delay to the end user.
- Processor 325 of FIG. 3 provides for storing, in memory, various user specific profiles 501 - 505 for each user PC 203 (of FIG. 2 ) whereby PC 203 forwards this information to WITS WAU 201 .
- a specific user profile is established, whereby representative user profiles 501 , 503 and 505 are shown in FIG. 5 .
- Each user profile may, for example, indicate the users wireless interface capability to the WITS WAU (e.g., bandwidth allocation). Further, each user profile may be used to identify the service to which the user subscribes as well as providing cost limits on what the user is willing to pay for service.
- the user profile may include limits of the hardware and limits on the data rates.
- Profile information can include specifying information types, time of day or date-based delivery, and the type of data services that the user would like to receive. Profiles may also specify time delay limits on delivery. Profile information can also identify specified types of data such as advertising which the user would like to reject as well as preferred data sources for scanning user-provided keywords.
- WITS WAU 201 When a user initiates contact to WITS WAU 201 , profile information is provided in a wireless segment or packet and received by WITS WAU 201 .
- Processor 325 of FIG. 3 forwards profile information to SPT 307 which stores profile information and operates as an intelligent agent. SPT 307 then is operable to filter the data to and from each of the users.
- FIG. 6 illustrates a frame format for a typical signal that comes in to WITS WAU 201 from one of the plurality of data payloads 401 - 413 .
- the format is illustrated for a wire to wireless signal, such as cable. That signal enters the WITS WAU 201 via wire line.
- the signal has a frame structure or protocol that includes synchronization bits 601 , control bits 602 , sorting agent bits 603 , and data bits 605 . Synchronization bits 601 are utilized to provide coherence between WAU 201 and the payloads.
- Control bits 602 are utilized to set various control parameters between WAU 201 and the payloads, such as: 1) multiple access modulation type/rate, 2) message source/destination, 3) message type-length, 4) error coding type, 5) power level, 6) source destination routing tree, 7) time priority and 8) data loss.
- Sorting agent bits, or sorting fields, 603 are utilized for determining whether data is for a particular user based on its user profile and the type of information that the user desires to receive.
- data bits, or data field, 605 includes the data to be transferred.
- SPT 307 utilizes intelligent agent information segment 602 and decides whether this information is valid and should be forwarded on. If it is not valid, SPT 307 does not load that application for retransmittal. If SPT 307 determines that the data is valid for a particular user, that data is then decoded, error corrected, and reformatted into the appropriate wireless access protocol for the specified user.
- WITS WAU 201 is capable of automatic spectral awareness and management for the frequency channels used in the wireless distribution of information to each user.
- Processor 325 operates in cooperation with RF modules 317 and 319 to search for the unoccupied spectrum when operating in areas that will not allow fixed or preassigned operating bands and channels. The designated operating bands are scanned and spectral activity estimates of this possible channel space are developed. Decision criteria are applied by processor 325 to select the proper operating center frequencies and to periodically assess and reallocate to new bands as the background wireless systems dictate.
- the unique spectral awareness capabilities of the WITS WAU 201 allow selection of the operating bands within the coverage of the SIM 204 . This reduces interference on the existing wireless systems not related to WITS WAU 201 . Dynamic spectrum awareness knowledge of transmission activity occurring simultaneously on other channels is used to prevent interference.
- ASE adaptive spectrum exploitation
- FIG. 7 illustrates the JTF signal plane, whereby a data signal 450 is dynamically allocated to unused or under-used portions of the spectrum.
- the spectrum scanning is performed by a single programmable WITS WAU, which controls a distributed network of data utilization devices 205 within a given cell. In this manner, the controlling WITS WAU within the cell is assigned the task of spectrum scanning, analysis, and coordination.
- FIG. 8 illustrates a conceptual block diagram of this function within a system 460 having a WITS WAU 462 and a utilization device 464 . In this embodiment, the system 460 uses a frequency hopping spectral adaptation approach.
- the WITS WAU 462 scans the available spectrum to find the under-used portions of the spectrum.
- Adaptation is performed in two distinct modes of operation for sparse vs. non-sparse spectra. Methods include radiometric analysis, signal parameter extraction, traffic pattern analysis, and channel activity prediction. In this dynamic environment, issues of rate adaptation, modulation adaptation (i.e., M-ary constellation order), and total bandwidth adaptation are considered.
- FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 illustrate a pure frequency hop approach, hybrid methods which conceal the hop impulse (e.g., FH/DSPN hybrid) may also be considered for applications requiring further signal concealment protection.
- Feature plane transformations such as amplitude projections, phase projections, time projections, detection information, and signal correlation data. These transformations are analyzed to provide information specific to each discrete signal within the analysis bandwidth, such as type, frequency range, transmit probabilities, and signal strength.
- the feature plane transformations are computed from the JTF matrix H of order n, m, where n represents a contiguous time index and m represents a contiguous spectral index, as is indicated by Equation 1.
- H [ h ⁇ ( 0 , 0 ) h ⁇ ( 1 , 0 ) h ⁇ ( 2 , 0 ) ⁇ ... h ⁇ ( m - 1 , 0 ) h ⁇ ( 0 , 1 ) h ⁇ ( 0 , 2 ) . . . . . h ⁇ ( 0 , n - 1 ) . . h ⁇ ( m - 1 , n - 1 ) ] Eq . ⁇ 1
- Parameter extraction algorithms well within the capabilities of programmable radios are used to compute a snapshot of spectral activity corresponding to H.
- the following structure comprises a candidate parameter set for one embodiment of the invention: fm_dev % Instantaneous frequency bandwidth fm_modes Discrete frequency steps fm_center Center frequency am_dev % Amplitude Excursion am_modes Discrete amplitude steps am_center Mean amplitude pm_dev % Discriminator width pm_modes Discrete phase modes pm_center Mean discriminant value pk_ave Peak signal envelope to mean value pk_rms Peak signal envelope to rms value bd_rate Signal baud rate dt_cycle Duty cycle cr_line Chip rate line.
- signals within the band of interest may be identified and tagged such as military, cellular, satcom, broadcast, global positioning system (GPS), and pager.
- Data of interest may also include TDOA estimates and network identification tags.
- This emitter analysis mode will provide network managers with expanded spectral awareness for each cell in the network. This information is communicated via the satellite/platform or wireline links shown in FIG. 2 .
- the spectral planning may allow the WITS WAU in the cell to access the spectrum in a uniform distribution.
- the MAI characteristics will depend primarily on the number of users accessing the selected bandwidth.
- higher frequency propagation loss characteristics will result in smaller cells with fewer users per cell, while increased bandwidths will enhance system robustness to interference.
- the transmission characteristics will include both frequency hopping and pulse concealment methods in order to avoid interference with fixed communication systems.
- WITS WAU 201 solves the difficult problem of interpreting one protocol down to a critical OSI layer and inserting another protocol layer for the new transmission format without affecting the message information content.
- WITS WAU 201 combines the signal processing and signal protocols associated with STS 303 , WDP 309 , and the SPT processor 307 with a common bus and hardware/software platform to reduce delay, maintain the high data rates and multiple access capability, and choose the proper cost method.
- WITS WAU 201 collects and maps the user profile information for best “information contouring.” This feature filters information to reduce the amount of bandwidth or transmission time allocated to a wireless user. This also reduces the information load on the user.
Abstract
A high speed data transfer system includes a WAU (201) which is utilized to provide high speed data access to satellite transferred data. The system is configured such that a plurality of data utilization devices (205) may access the high speed data via wireless links to the WAU (201). Advantageously, high speed data services may be provided to users without the users requiring individual satellite antennas.
Description
- This invention relates to bi-directional communication systems and methods, and in particular, to an integrated satellite based data communication system.
- Business, retail, medical, university, transportation center and residential customers have a need for high data rate media transfer systems that link or interface to data utilization devices, such as personal computers (PCs) and workstations. As used herein, PCs will be understood to include personal computers, workstations and other similar data acquisition and/or origination terminals. A need exists for providing low cost wireless and wired high data rate/low delay information exchange to customer data utilization devices. Currently, no wireless high data rate bi-directional service exists between consumers, satellites, and wireline services. One problem with existing terrestrial systems is that the data transfer rate is relatively slow or alternatively is expensive. With current methods, data transfer is typically slow, resulting in long data-download times. Furthermore, real-time, high fidelity audio/video is often impractical given the current state-of-the-art. To provide high data rate capability to all potential users requires a high cost in capital equipment and assets or fixed-site operation to provide a system with widespread accessibility. So called “wireless” systems can provide significant high data rate transfers and widespread accessibility. However, no system presently exists incorporating inexpensive wireless transfer of satellite, terrestrial backbones, cellular data services, and wireline data which will provide economic access to such wireless and wired data sources. It is also desirable to provide for accessing information by wireless methods thereby providing freedom of movement for users and elimination of the cost of wired infrastructure.
- Satellite based systems are under construction or are proposed which will make high data rate/low delay information transfer widely available. However, as presently planned or proposed such satellite systems require an expensive satellite transceiver and directional antenna at each user. What is needed are low cost software configurable satellite interfaces that leverage existing consumer equipment (e.g., laptop, palmtop, and desktop computers). For instance, at least one proposed system requires that each business and each residence have a stationary direct satellite link for the exchange of high speed data including multimedia data. In addition, there are many terrestrial data sources or sites with which it is desirable to have high speed data access. Such sites vary in the number of data consumers over the course of time. Hence, data demand can vary as customers enter or leave service areas. Therefore, it is further desirable to provide a system which will permit mobile access to high speed data sources and not have high associated costs as are required for existing data transfer systems and apparatus. It is also desirable that these data services provide self forming network services, depending upon spatial proximity of mobile users and data and bandwidth demands of stationary customers. Further, data information sources each use specific protocols for data routing transfer, packetizing, and switching. Therefore, there is a further need for a wireless interface to multiple data sources that provides a seamless, transparent interface between user and data service.
- The invention will be better understood from a reading of the following detailed description in conjunction with the drawing figures in which like reference designators are use to identify like elements, and in which:
-
FIG. 1 is an overall system diagram of a system in accordance with the principles of the invention; -
FIG. 2 illustrates a portion of the system ofFIG. 1 in greater detail; -
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a subsystem utilized in the system portion ofFIG. 2 ; -
FIG. 4 illustrates different payload data which are utilized in the system ofFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 5 is a system block diagram illustrating the access of a number of subscribers to the subsystem ofFIG. 3 ; -
FIG. 6 illustrates a data frame structure utilized in the system ofFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 7 is a joint time-frequency diagram illustrating dynamic allocation of unused and/or underused spectrum; -
FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating a system having a spectrum scanning mode in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 9 is a spectrum diagram illustrating a possible spectrum for a system implementing a frequency hopping/direct sequence spread spectrum approach in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention; and -
FIG. 10 is a block diagram illustrating a communications system utilizing a frequency hopping/direct sequence spread spectrum approach in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. - In accordance with the principles of the invention, a system is provided in which high data rate, low delay wireless data communication is provided to pluralities of users. Each plurality of users is served from a single, central wireless access unit (WAU). The WAU, in accordance with the invention, provides centralized wireless access for a plurality of users to satellite data communications and in addition, provides access to other high data rate services which may be wireless or wired. The invention advantageously provides for wireless communication between each data utilization device or PC and the WAU thereby permitting users to access the high data rate, low delay data from substantially any location within the range of the WAU. Thus, a system in accordance with the invention provides that a plurality of users may access satellite transferred data and wired data services, via one or more WAU devices, thereby allowing wireless bi-directional interchange of data. In a system in accordance with the invention, a plurality of users of high data rate, low delay wireless data access a proximity WAU which in turn accesses a satellite link or another WAU, or one or more of a number of wired and wireless services available within proximity of the WAU. In addition to independent access to one or more WAU devices, each user may also transfer data in a distributed peer-to-peer fashion.
- In accordance with the principles of the invention, a Wireless Information Technology System (WITS) is provided which interfaces to multiple information sources and extends these services via wireless links, to users while providing self-forming network adaptability, frequency adaptability, modulation adaptability, interference suppression adaptability, overlay adaptability, and bandwidth adaptability. The system performs a seamless protocol transformation of subscriber data, providing a near transparent interface between consumer and desired information sources. A system in accordance with the principles of the invention provides for high data rate wireless information exchange to a plurality of users from a satellite antenna and associated satellite communication system, other terrestrial wireless systems or wired bi-directional data systems and sources. As used herein, the term “high data rate” is typically used to refer to data rates exceeding, for example, 400 kilobits per second (kbps).
- In accordance with a further aspect of the invention, the WAU provides the ability to access information by wireless methods, thereby providing freedom of movement for users and elimination of the cost of a wired infrastructure between each user and the data communication services. By permitting wireless access between each PC and the WAU, a plurality of users located within wireless range of the WAU can access the high speed satellite, terrestrial microwave and cellular data services via the WAU. Access to multiple information sources and extension of these services via wireless links to the PC users is possible with the system in accordance with the invention. Each WAU and its associated users forms a cell within which users have wireless access to data services via the WAU. Since users can be mobile, one embodiment of the invention includes self-forming network adaptability whereby mobile nodes are “affiliated” with a nearby WAU automatically. As users move into other WAU cells, the cells perform handoff and affiliation functions for seamless data access. Advantageously, a single WITS WAU satellite transceiver microwave and cellular data subsystem or interface can service multiple users whether the users are mobile or stationary. In addition, wired services may be provided to those same users without the expense or difficulty of providing a wired connection to each user.
- Turning now to
FIG. 1 , a system in accordance with the invention is shown. The system includes one ormore satellites 101 which are part of a constellation of satellites. The constellation may be any one of several satellite constellations, such as a constellation of low earth orbit (LEO) satellites or of high earth orbit (HEO) satellites, which includes middle earth orbit (MEO) and geosynchronous earth orbit (GEO) satellites, or a constellation comprising both LEO and HEO satellites such as in the Celestri™ system developed by the assignee of the present invention. Satellite, or platform, 101 may have an intersatellite link (ISL), or interplatform link, 102 to one or more additional satellites 101 a which forms part of a satellite constellation. Satellite 101 also hassatellite links 110 to aground antenna 111 which is coupled tooptional gateway 104. Gateway 104 may be a satellite gateway of a type well known to those skilled in the art to provide access to various information sources, such as IP or PSTN/ISDN, for example. -
Satellite 101 may be accessed by a plurality ofcells 103 that performs seamless protocol transformation and multi-port distribution to a plurality ofusers 105. Although only sixcells 103 are shown, it should be appreciated that a larger or smaller number of terrestrial cells may be accessible by the satellite constellation. What is needed are cell-specific applications, whereby each cell will have a different type of data service tailored to the user requirements of each cell population. For example, medical campus requirements will use the invention for data transfer services that include: patient records, outpatient data, X-rays, CAT scans, MRI scans, provider consult data, insurance data links, transcription data, telemedicine services, billing, medical order transfer, medical research, and real time audiovisual medivac data. University campus services can use the invention for: records maintenance (e.g., transcripts, billing, etc.), library access, internet access, virtual professorships, research, remote audiovisual class attendance, inter campus housing, and inter university LANs. Neighborhood applications for the invention include: DSS delivery, movies on demand, internet access, telephony services, video telephone services, high-definition television (HDTV) services, real time on-demand CD audio, home shopping, home banking, profile based information delivery, and remote home environment management. Industrial campus applications of the invention include: wireless LANs, shop assembly and parts coordination, paging services, inventory control and RF tag services, telecommuting services, and remote sensor applications for electric, oil, gas, water, and other similar utilities. Commercial and retail campus services provided by the invention include: billing services, real time inventory control, real time shopping services, advertisement applications, real time delivery tracking, audiovisual customer service, reservation services, staff management and tracking, and security applications. Mobile applications of the invention include: vehicle tracking, real time location information, real time map delivery, and high speed passenger internet access. - For any data service provided by the invention, custom software will be provided to an individual user via
disks 210 or directly over the high speed wireless link, once subscription confirmation has been received. This software will provide user access to the type of data desired. Hence,data utilization device 205 is understood to be a general purpose, software configurable appliance which is uniquely and dynamically tailored to user data requirements and cell populations. Eachcell 103 has aWAU 201 and a corresponding group ofusers 105. Accordingly, each of theusers 105 are able to communicate withsatellite 101, or other high data rate services that are processed throughgateway 104, by transferring data to and fromWAU 201. This avoids the need for eachuser 105 to communicate directly withsatellite 101, which would require a separate high cost transceiver and associated satellite antenna with proper placement for satellite visibility. - Turning now to
FIG. 2 , a portion of one of thecells 103 is shown in greater detail. Eachcell 103 includes asatellite antenna 200 coupled to aWITS WAU 201. TheWITS WAU 201 typically includes a transceiver for transferring information betweenWAU 201 and the users associated with thecell 103, as will be described in more detail when discussingFIG. 3 .WITS WAU 201 is preferably located at a high point in the cell region, such as on top of a utility pole, an antenna tower, or on top of a building. In general, it is desirable to mount theWAU 201 to a preexisting structure within the 103 to reduce WITS implementation costs. In one embodiment of the invention, theWAU 201 is implemented in a relatively compact, lightweight package that can be easily mounted by a single installer. The package can include, for example, a clamp for fastening theWAU 201 to a pole or other structure. In addition to providing ease of installation, the compact, lightweight package also facilitates maintenance of theWAU 201. That is, theWAU 201 may be easily removed for periodic servicing and/or replacement. - The position of
WAU 201 within thecell 103 is a factor in determining the area or range of operation in which users may accessWAU 201. In general, the higher theWAU 201 is mounted within the cell, the greater the possible range of coverage. In one approach, relatively small cells having relatively few users per cell are used. Using this approach, theWAU 201 can be mounted lower in thecell 103, such as on the top of astreet light post 210. In the preferred embodiment, the nominal range of eachWAU 201 will be in excess of one mile. - High density dwelling conditions, such as in high rise office and apartment buildings, typically prevent use of satellite tracking antennas by each resident. The use of a
WITS WAU 201 in accordance with the invention addresses this limitation by allowing users to access data from satellites via theWITS WAU 201 which is located in a position for tracking and communicating with the satellites. The satellite access antenna may be of dish type, or, for more flexible satellite access, a phased array antenna. - Each user in the
cell 103 typically has adata utilization device 205 which, for example, can take the form of a personal computer (PC) 203.WITS WAU 201 provides wireless access and distribution of high speed data services from satellites, for example, to a plurality ofdata utilization devices 205, typically includingPC units 203 in a high density complex, and eliminates the need for wiring each building unit with satellite antenna capability. In a preferred embodiment,WITS WAU 201 will also incorporate an omnidirectional antenna for data transfer to/from user terminals, although other antenna configurations may also be appropriate. - Each
PC 203 is a platform that accepts software files designed to program and interact with a subscriber interface module (SIM) 204.SIM 204 may take the form of, or be included within, a PCMCIA type card. In an alternate embodiment,SIM 204 may be a separate portable device that connects using a PCMCIA bus slot ofPC 203.SIM 204 includes atransceiver 207 to provide the wireless connection toWITS WAU 201 for data services.SIM 204 includes (or can be connected to) anantenna 206 of conventional design for the frequency band of interest and desired polarization (e.g., circular polarization) or sectored antennas.Transceiver 207 performs all modulation and demodulation functions for transmit and receive communications to theWITS WAU 201. In this regard,SIM 204 can, in one embodiment, receive commands and/or configuration data from thePC 203 for use in processing any of a number of different waveforms. - In the illustrated embodiment of the invention, data transfers between the
WITS WAU 201 andtransceiver 207 provide minimum interference to existing terrestrial voice and data services by utilizing spread spectrum transmission and/or by utilizing portions of the spectrum that are not currently occupied. Accordingly, in a preferred embodiment,transceiver 207 is a spread spectrum transceiver or high data rate transceiver, both with multiple access capability. -
PC 203 may also includedrive 208 for receiving one ormore disks 210 having specific wireless application software stored thereon. This allows thePC 203 to be upgraded to higher capacity and more bandwidth efficient waveforms. In addition to link-specific software, drive 208 anddisks 210 also provide functionality specific to the type of data service being utilized by the consumer. - Turning now to
FIG. 3 ,WITS WAU 201 is shown in block diagram form.WITS WAU 201 includes asatellite antenna 200 coupled to a satellite communication (satcom)transceiver subsystem 303.Satellite antenna 200 may be a dish type, or, for more flexible satellite access, a phased array antenna.Satcom transceiver subsystem 303 is coupled to a satcom wiredinfrastructure interface 305. Satcom wiredinfrastructure interface 305 can be coupled to various wired data services available in the vicinity ofWITS WAU 201 and which are collectively identified as wiredservices 212.Wired services 212 may also be accessed viawireless WAU link 213, which communicates with other WAU devices in a peer-to-peer fashion. In this manner, only select WAU devices require wired connections towired services 212. Wireless WAU link 213 may be a separate antenna or, alternatively may be included in the functionality ofsatellite antenna 200. As noted above, wired services include, but are not limited to, ISDN, cable and fiber optic accessible services. Satcom wiredinfrastructure interface 305 can also be coupled to variousterrestrial wireless services 214. These services can include, but are not limited to, terrestrial microwave links, cellular, and land mobile radio services. - A seamless
protocol transformation processor 307 is utilized to provide for protocol transformations between data protocols from: (i)satcom transceiver subsystem 303, (ii) wiredservices 212, (iii) terrestrial wireless services, (iv) terrestrial microwave services, and (v) cellular/land mobile services and the data protocols used to link touser PCs 203 with wireless signals. - A wireless modem distribution processor (WDP) 309 is coupled between
protocol transformation processor 307 andRF modules antenna 321. Aprocessor 325 is coupled viabus 323 to satcom wiredinfrastructure interface 305, seamlessprotocol transformation processor 307, wirelessmodem distribution processor 309, andRF modules Processor 325 includes associated memory which is not shown, but which is familiar to those skilled in the art. As will also be understood by those skilled in the art, although the block diagram ofFIG. 3 illustrates various blocks, the individual blocks may be implemented in either hardware or software and thebus structure 323, as well as the various connections between blocks, are intended to indicate functional interconnection rather than to indicate actual physical connections. The various processors indicated in the drawing ofWITS WAU 201 may be implemented in one or more actual processors.Processor 325, as well as the other processors indicated in theFIG. 3 , if separately implemented, may be a commercially available processor, such as microprocessors available from Motorola, Inc., the assignee of the present invention. This host processor and bus structure is capable of sending status messages describing WAU utilization, node command, spectral conflicts, special requests, and relative software uploads, failures, need for network restart, and power loss.WITS WAU 201 also includedencryption processor 326 which provides wireless transfer security. -
Satellite antenna 200 is used to establish and maintain the link to asatellite 101.Antenna 200 is coupled in conventional fashion to thesatcom transceiver subsystem 303.Satcom transceiver 303 is of conventional design and provides a high data rate bi-directional link tosatellite constellation 101 viaantenna 200. -
WITS WAU 201 is interfaced withwired services 212 via satcom wiredinfrastructure interface 305 andwireless WAU link 213.Processor 325 includes selection capability to select a data route via satellite, terrestrial microwave, cellular data, WAU peer-to-peer, or the variouswired services 212 based on cost, information content, and delay profiles selected and transferred to theWITS WAU 201 by means of automatic user node affiliation, and maintained in WITS WAU memory. Alternatively, software in theWITS WAU 201 can automatically select one service from multiple choices based upon predetermined parameters or algorithms. The software can also provide adaptive functionality for waveforms transmitted viaantenna 321 and wireless WAU link 213 including, but not limited to, frequency, modulation and bandwidth. -
WITS WAU 201 supports software configurable modem technology that provides a family of wireless signals such as DSPN/CDMA, QAM/TDMA, PSK/OFDM, FH/CDMA, and other wireless multiple access techniques that are compatible with the local data utilization devices. Further, various wireless interfaces may be provided through the use ofprogrammable modem modules WDP 309 may be programmed (i.e., to support, for example, code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), and frequency division multiple access (FDMA)). It should be understood that other wireless multiple access schemes are also possible as needed. In a preferred embodiment, hybrid spread spectrum modulation is used viahybrid SS module 316. In this preferred embodiment, hybrid modulation includes both frequency hop (FH) and direct sequence (DS) methods in order to minimize WITS service impact on existing wireless services, while simultaneously reducing the interference impact of these existing services on the WITS-delivered data.FIG. 9 illustrates an example FH/DS hybrid spectrum 300, including typical interference sources, such as fading 302,pilot tone interference 304,noise interference 306, and baudedco-channel interference 308. Each hop frequency fn is spread over a corresponding channel consisting of bandwidth WsN, for a total spreading bandwidth of Wt. Although four hopping bands are shown in theFIG. 9 , the actual number of hopping frequencies will vary depending upon the environment and spectrum availability. When operating near or below the ambient noise floor, spreading the hop impulse in this manner results in a spectral distribution that minimizes the WITS interference impact on existing wireless services, while allowing for the application of interference suppression algorithms atdata utilization device 205. Since spreading serves to improve interference immunity, reduced hop bandwidths may be implemented to lower hop rates which are less than the current state-of-the-art. These lower hop rates and bandwidths will enable simplified transceiver implementations. Note that when the DS processing gain is low, the FH/DS hybrid will approach the pure FH system. Hence, in one embodiment, the invention further includes the ability to adjust the hop bandwidths and spreading sequences depending on the contiguous spectrum availability and existing service density and sensitivity requirements. Furthermore, since DSPN is applied primarily for the purposes of impulse concealment and interference rejection functionality, power control issues are less problematic. Hence, a small number of spreading sequences may be used primarily to prevent the damaging effects of hop collisions between sub-nets (e.g., adjacent WITS cells). -
FIG. 10 illustrates one embodiment of the FH/DS approach showing atransmitter 310, areceiver 312, and correspondingchannel interference sources sequence 316 and shifted via ahop sequence 318 and direct digital synthesizer (DDS) prior to channel transmission. Any modulation source may be used, for example, a QPSK source may be implemented for the I,Q data stream with a sufficient DS processing gain, for example, 24-33 dB. Note from the figure that the channel interference sources include a fading component, H(s). Frequency selective fades may be mitigated via adaptive signal processing. For wideband interference sources and shadowing fades, channel coding can provide sufficient gain to close the link, albeit at a reduction in data throughput. Referring again toFIG. 10 , note that thereceiver 312 tunes eachWsN 340 corresponding to thehop sequence 342, with timing given by tref supplied by, for example, stable oscillators or GPS data. The corrupted data is then passed to anadaptation processor 320, which may be located on eitherSIM 204 ordata utilization device 205. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, theadaptation processor 320 which performsperiodic state estimation 322, stores the state information tointerference state memory 324, and, in parallel, performsinterference countermeasures 326 corresponding to the prior interference state. Following theadaptation processor 320, the restored data is correlated 328 against theappropriate PN sequence 330 for despreading, and demodulated 332, producing estimates of the I and Q data streams.WITS WAU 201 also includes one or more common software basedWDPs 309 that supply programmable data rates and waveform modes appropriate to communicate withdata utilization devices 205. - Satcom transceiver subsystem (STS) 303 has the capability to acquire, track, demodulate, and maintain contact to LEO and HEO satellites, and/or other platforms, which may include Geosynchronous Earth Orbiting (GEO) satellite up/downlinks.
STS 303 is of conventional design.Interface 305 comprises conventional interfaces toSTS 303, terrestrial microwave and cellular data services, and to the ISDN, cable and fiber networks. By providing connection to these services atWITS WAU 201, the data services provided by these various high data rate services are provided to all users of theWITS WAU 201 without the necessity of providing connections directly from each satellite antenna or terrestrial wireless systems to each individual user. -
WITS WAU 201 may operate with a variety of service-dependent protocols. Accordingly, to facilitate the flexibility of operating with the various protocols,WITS WAU 201 includes a seamless protocol transformation (SPT)processor 307 for providing a seamless protocol transformation such that whatever signal protocol is received from the sources coupled tointerface 305 is transformed to the proper data link layer format for wireless transmission to theusers 105 ofWAU 201.SPT processor 307 receives a satcom, microwave, cellular, or wired signal from the appropriate transceiver interfaces 305 and 307 and transforms it up the open signaling interface (OSI) protocol stack layer to provide a multiple access system that allows connectivity to many users.SPT processor 307 performs bi-directional physical and upper layer mapping and transformations to provide compatibility with the final stage media transmission with appropriate mobile identification. The functionality ofSPT processor 307 includes ATM (asynchronous transfer mode)-to-wireless, ISDN-to-wireless, Cable-to-wireless, fiber optic-to-wireless, terrestrial wireless-to-wireless, and other protocol transformations.SPT processor 307 provides transformation between theWDP 309 andinterface 305. -
WDP 309 is a software configurable modem for providing a family of wireless signals, such as frequency hop (FH)/CDMA, DSPN/CDMA 311, QAM/TDMA 313, PSK/OFDM 315 and other multiple access techniques. The various signals are utilized to provide modulation signals information to a transceiver comprisingRF modules WITS WAU 201 and are remotely programmable as well as field programmable. -
FIG. 4 illustrates the operation of theSPT processor 307 with respect to a plurality of different payload data, whereby each data payload has certain attributes associated therewith. For example,data payload 401 includes data that is characteristic of fiber optic data.SPT processor 307 provides the transformation from the specific protocols associated withwired protocols satcom payload 407,terrestrial microwave protocol 409,cellular protocol 411, andwireless distribution protocol 413 toRF modules cell users 105. -
WITS WAU 201 provides high data rate satellite signals and information to its local area with minimum interference to existing terrestrial voice and data services.WDP 309 andRF modules - Turning now to
FIG. 5 , the profiling capability of theWITS WAU 201 is illustrated.Processor 325 ofFIG. 3 provides for storing, in memory, various user specific profiles 501-505 for each user PC 203 (ofFIG. 2 ) wherebyPC 203 forwards this information toWITS WAU 201. For each user registered with WITS WAU 201 a specific user profile is established, whereby representative user profiles 501, 503 and 505 are shown inFIG. 5 . Each user profile may, for example, indicate the users wireless interface capability to the WITS WAU (e.g., bandwidth allocation). Further, each user profile may be used to identify the service to which the user subscribes as well as providing cost limits on what the user is willing to pay for service. Also, the user profile may include limits of the hardware and limits on the data rates. Profile information can include specifying information types, time of day or date-based delivery, and the type of data services that the user would like to receive. Profiles may also specify time delay limits on delivery. Profile information can also identify specified types of data such as advertising which the user would like to reject as well as preferred data sources for scanning user-provided keywords. When a user initiates contact toWITS WAU 201, profile information is provided in a wireless segment or packet and received byWITS WAU 201.Processor 325 ofFIG. 3 forwards profile information toSPT 307 which stores profile information and operates as an intelligent agent.SPT 307 then is operable to filter the data to and from each of the users. -
FIG. 6 illustrates a frame format for a typical signal that comes in toWITS WAU 201 from one of the plurality of data payloads 401-413. The format is illustrated for a wire to wireless signal, such as cable. That signal enters theWITS WAU 201 via wire line. The signal has a frame structure or protocol that includessynchronization bits 601,control bits 602, sortingagent bits 603, anddata bits 605.Synchronization bits 601 are utilized to provide coherence betweenWAU 201 and the payloads.Control bits 602 are utilized to set various control parameters betweenWAU 201 and the payloads, such as: 1) multiple access modulation type/rate, 2) message source/destination, 3) message type-length, 4) error coding type, 5) power level, 6) source destination routing tree, 7) time priority and 8) data loss. Sorting agent bits, or sorting fields, 603 are utilized for determining whether data is for a particular user based on its user profile and the type of information that the user desires to receive. Finally, data bits, or data field, 605 includes the data to be transferred.SPT 307 utilizes intelligentagent information segment 602 and decides whether this information is valid and should be forwarded on. If it is not valid,SPT 307 does not load that application for retransmittal. IfSPT 307 determines that the data is valid for a particular user, that data is then decoded, error corrected, and reformatted into the appropriate wireless access protocol for the specified user. - In operation,
WITS WAU 201 is capable of automatic spectral awareness and management for the frequency channels used in the wireless distribution of information to each user.Processor 325 operates in cooperation withRF modules processor 325 to select the proper operating center frequencies and to periodically assess and reallocate to new bands as the background wireless systems dictate. - The unique spectral awareness capabilities of the
WITS WAU 201 allow selection of the operating bands within the coverage of theSIM 204. This reduces interference on the existing wireless systems not related toWITS WAU 201. Dynamic spectrum awareness knowledge of transmission activity occurring simultaneously on other channels is used to prevent interference. - The above-described capabilities facilitate automatic spectrum planning and co-site contention resolution during system setup and service initiation. In this scenario, throughput preservation and system overlay capability is at odds with fixed-frequency paradigms. Growing spectral clutter is evidenced by increasing commercial services, such as PCS, AMPS-IS136, IS-95, GSM, DSS, Iridium, Celestri, and Teledesic. Historically, spectrum utilization has tended toward the lower frequencies occupying a tiny fraction (i.e., ˜1%) of available bandwidth. As commercial spectral usage increases into the next century, communication systems will inevitably face constricting limits on information capacity. Without a means and method for signal coexistence, communication systems will be forced to move to ever higher bands of operation. In a cluttered environment, anywhere from 100 MHz to 2 GHz of bandwidth will be needed to ensure high multimedia throughput and multi-access performance. What is needed are new technologies that overcome the bandwidth limitation problem by adaptively increasing data throughput without adding bandwidth. The system of the present invention solves the bandwidth/throughput problem via adaptive spectrum exploitation (ASE). ASE will enable automatic time sharing of intermittently used or unused spectral regions. Methods used by ASE are well within the capabilities of software programmable radios.
- In a preferred embodiment, adaptive spectrum exploitation is performed using transform domain methods on a joint time frequency (JTF) basis.
FIG. 7 illustrates the JTF signal plane, whereby adata signal 450 is dynamically allocated to unused or under-used portions of the spectrum. In one embodiment, the spectrum scanning is performed by a single programmable WITS WAU, which controls a distributed network ofdata utilization devices 205 within a given cell. In this manner, the controlling WITS WAU within the cell is assigned the task of spectrum scanning, analysis, and coordination.FIG. 8 illustrates a conceptual block diagram of this function within a system 460 having aWITS WAU 462 and autilization device 464. In this embodiment, the system 460 uses a frequency hopping spectral adaptation approach. Note that for this mode of operation, theWITS WAU 462 scans the available spectrum to find the under-used portions of the spectrum. Adaptation is performed in two distinct modes of operation for sparse vs. non-sparse spectra. Methods include radiometric analysis, signal parameter extraction, traffic pattern analysis, and channel activity prediction. In this dynamic environment, issues of rate adaptation, modulation adaptation (i.e., M-ary constellation order), and total bandwidth adaptation are considered. AlthoughFIG. 7 andFIG. 8 illustrate a pure frequency hop approach, hybrid methods which conceal the hop impulse (e.g., FH/DSPN hybrid) may also be considered for applications requiring further signal concealment protection. - Surveillance and monitoring is gained via analysis of the spectrum using feature plane transformations, such as amplitude projections, phase projections, time projections, detection information, and signal correlation data. These transformations are analyzed to provide information specific to each discrete signal within the analysis bandwidth, such as type, frequency range, transmit probabilities, and signal strength. The feature plane transformations are computed from the JTF matrix H of order n, m, where n represents a contiguous time index and m represents a contiguous spectral index, as is indicated by
Equation 1. - Parameter extraction algorithms well within the capabilities of programmable radios are used to compute a snapshot of spectral activity corresponding to H. The following structure comprises a candidate parameter set for one embodiment of the invention:
fm_dev % Instantaneous frequency bandwidth fm_modes Discrete frequency steps fm_center Center frequency am_dev % Amplitude Excursion am_modes Discrete amplitude steps am_center Mean amplitude pm_dev % Discriminator width pm_modes Discrete phase modes pm_center Mean discriminant value pk_ave Peak signal envelope to mean value pk_rms Peak signal envelope to rms value bd_rate Signal baud rate dt_cycle Duty cycle cr_line Chip rate line. - In addition to the adaptive exploitation of spectral “holes”, it may also be desirable to employ the spectrum scanning and analysis in, a tagging mode. In this manner, signals within the band of interest may be identified and tagged such as military, cellular, satcom, broadcast, global positioning system (GPS), and pager. Data of interest may also include TDOA estimates and network identification tags. This emitter analysis mode will provide network managers with expanded spectral awareness for each cell in the network. This information is communicated via the satellite/platform or wireline links shown in
FIG. 2 . - At sufficiently high frequencies with wide bandwidths of operation, the spectral planning may allow the WITS WAU in the cell to access the spectrum in a uniform distribution. In this straightforward mode, the MAI characteristics will depend primarily on the number of users accessing the selected bandwidth. Naturally, higher frequency propagation loss characteristics will result in smaller cells with fewer users per cell, while increased bandwidths will enhance system robustness to interference. In this mode of operation, the transmission characteristics will include both frequency hopping and pulse concealment methods in order to avoid interference with fixed communication systems.
-
WITS WAU 201 solves the difficult problem of interpreting one protocol down to a critical OSI layer and inserting another protocol layer for the new transmission format without affecting the message information content.WITS WAU 201 combines the signal processing and signal protocols associated withSTS 303,WDP 309, and theSPT processor 307 with a common bus and hardware/software platform to reduce delay, maintain the high data rates and multiple access capability, and choose the proper cost method. -
WITS WAU 201 collects and maps the user profile information for best “information contouring.” This feature filters information to reduce the amount of bandwidth or transmission time allocated to a wireless user. This also reduces the information load on the user.
Claims (7)
1-64. (canceled)
65. A wireless access unit (WAU) for use in a wireless communications system having a plurality of data utilization devices located within a first service area, said WAU comprising:
a satellite communication transceiver subsystem for communicating with a satellite via a first wireless channel;
a WAU transceiver subsystem for communicating, via a second wireless channel, with a selected data utilization device in the plurality of data utilization devices, wherein said WAU transceiver subsystem is coupled to said satellite communication transceiver subsystem for enabling communication therebetween; and
a chassis supporting both said satellite communication transceiver subsystem and said WAU transceiver subsystem, wherein said chassis is adapted for mounting within said first service area.
66. The WAU, as claimed in claim 65 , wherein:
said chassis includes means for use in mounting said WAU to a pole.
67. The WAU, as claimed in claim 65 , wherein:
said chassis includes means for use in mounting said WAU to a building.
68. The WAU, as claimed in claim 65 , wherein:
said WAU has a size and weight that allows said WAU to be mounted within said first service area by a single installer.
69. The WAU, as claimed in claim 65 , further comprising:
an infrastructure interface for providing a connection between said WAU and at least one wired communications service, wherein said infrastructure interface is coupled to said WAU transceiver subsystem for communication with said selected data utilization device.
70-75. (canceled)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/198,645 US20050282493A1 (en) | 1998-04-27 | 2005-08-05 | Satellite based data transfer and delivery system |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/066,794 US6591084B1 (en) | 1998-04-27 | 1998-04-27 | Satellite based data transfer and delivery system |
US10/328,451 US20030203717A1 (en) | 1998-04-27 | 2003-01-14 | Satellite based data transfer and delivery system |
US11/198,645 US20050282493A1 (en) | 1998-04-27 | 2005-08-05 | Satellite based data transfer and delivery system |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/328,451 Division US20030203717A1 (en) | 1998-04-27 | 2003-01-14 | Satellite based data transfer and delivery system |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20050282493A1 true US20050282493A1 (en) | 2005-12-22 |
Family
ID=22071753
Family Applications (4)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/066,794 Expired - Lifetime US6591084B1 (en) | 1998-04-27 | 1998-04-27 | Satellite based data transfer and delivery system |
US10/328,451 Abandoned US20030203717A1 (en) | 1998-04-27 | 2003-01-14 | Satellite based data transfer and delivery system |
US11/198,774 Expired - Fee Related US7650165B2 (en) | 1998-04-27 | 2005-08-05 | Satellite based data transfer and delivery system |
US11/198,645 Abandoned US20050282493A1 (en) | 1998-04-27 | 2005-08-05 | Satellite based data transfer and delivery system |
Family Applications Before (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/066,794 Expired - Lifetime US6591084B1 (en) | 1998-04-27 | 1998-04-27 | Satellite based data transfer and delivery system |
US10/328,451 Abandoned US20030203717A1 (en) | 1998-04-27 | 2003-01-14 | Satellite based data transfer and delivery system |
US11/198,774 Expired - Fee Related US7650165B2 (en) | 1998-04-27 | 2005-08-05 | Satellite based data transfer and delivery system |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (4) | US6591084B1 (en) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20070135051A1 (en) * | 2005-01-05 | 2007-06-14 | Dunmin Zheng | Adaptive beam forming with multi-user detection and interference reduction in satellite communication systems and methods |
US20080144563A1 (en) * | 2006-12-19 | 2008-06-19 | Viasat, Inc. | Use of terrestrial channels to augment satellite channels for low latency traffic |
CN102448066A (en) * | 2011-12-22 | 2012-05-09 | 浙江工业大学 | WSN (Wireless Sensor Network)-oriented lightweight intrusion detection method on basis of artificial immunization and mobile agent |
CN102523034A (en) * | 2011-12-22 | 2012-06-27 | 南京中网卫星通信股份有限公司 | Intelligent integrated access device for satellite communication and wireless communication and operating method |
US8649299B2 (en) * | 2000-11-17 | 2014-02-11 | Eimar M. Boesjes | Distributed wireless online access system |
CN107070521A (en) * | 2007-03-15 | 2017-08-18 | 谷歌公司 | The method that feedback is provided in Closed-Loop Transmit Diversity system |
US10277514B2 (en) | 2016-07-21 | 2019-04-30 | Viasat, Inc. | Methods and systems for dynamic policy based traffic steering over multiple access networks |
WO2020154959A1 (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2020-08-06 | 深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司 | Multi-load image transmission method, control system, control terminal, unmanned aerial vehicle, and server |
Families Citing this family (255)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6177964B1 (en) * | 1997-08-01 | 2001-01-23 | Microtune, Inc. | Broadband integrated television tuner |
US6591084B1 (en) * | 1998-04-27 | 2003-07-08 | General Dynamics Decision Systems, Inc. | Satellite based data transfer and delivery system |
US6470055B1 (en) | 1998-08-10 | 2002-10-22 | Kamilo Feher | Spectrally efficient FQPSK, FGMSK, and FQAM for enhanced performance CDMA, TDMA, GSM, OFDN, and other systems |
US7079584B2 (en) * | 1998-08-10 | 2006-07-18 | Kamilo Feher | OFDM, CDMA, spread spectrum, TDMA, cross-correlated and filtered modulation |
US7548787B2 (en) | 2005-08-03 | 2009-06-16 | Kamilo Feher | Medical diagnostic and communication system |
US6757334B1 (en) * | 1998-08-10 | 2004-06-29 | Kamilo Feher | Bit rate agile third-generation wireless CDMA, GSM, TDMA and OFDM system |
US8050345B1 (en) | 1999-08-09 | 2011-11-01 | Kamilo Feher | QAM and GMSK systems |
US7593481B2 (en) * | 1998-08-31 | 2009-09-22 | Kamilo Feher | CDMA, W-CDMA, 3rd generation interoperable modem format selectable (MFS) systems with GMSK modulated systems |
US7415066B2 (en) * | 1998-08-10 | 2008-08-19 | Kamilo Feher | Mis-matched modulation-demodulation format selectable filters |
WO2000013382A1 (en) | 1998-08-31 | 2000-03-09 | Kamilo Feher | Feher keying (fk) modulation and transceivers including clock shaping processors |
US7020441B2 (en) * | 1998-09-03 | 2006-03-28 | Casabyte, Inc. | Test system for remotely testing switches within a telecommunications network |
US9373251B2 (en) | 1999-08-09 | 2016-06-21 | Kamilo Feher | Base station devices and automobile wireless communication systems |
US9813270B2 (en) | 1999-08-09 | 2017-11-07 | Kamilo Feher | Heart rate sensor and medical diagnostics wireless devices |
US7260369B2 (en) | 2005-08-03 | 2007-08-21 | Kamilo Feher | Location finder, tracker, communication and remote control system |
US9307407B1 (en) | 1999-08-09 | 2016-04-05 | Kamilo Feher | DNA and fingerprint authentication of mobile devices |
WO2001017298A1 (en) * | 1999-09-02 | 2001-03-08 | Automated Business Companies | Communication and proximity authorization systems |
US20020022453A1 (en) * | 2000-03-31 | 2002-02-21 | Horia Balog | Dynamic protocol selection and routing of content to mobile devices |
US7395348B1 (en) * | 2000-06-05 | 2008-07-01 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | Network cache-based content routing |
US6859652B2 (en) * | 2000-08-02 | 2005-02-22 | Mobile Satellite Ventures, Lp | Integrated or autonomous system and method of satellite-terrestrial frequency reuse using signal attenuation and/or blockage, dynamic assignment of frequencies and/or hysteresis |
US7450901B2 (en) * | 2000-08-16 | 2008-11-11 | The Boeing Company | Methods and apparatus for path discovery between a mobile platform and a ground segment |
US7792488B2 (en) | 2000-12-04 | 2010-09-07 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Systems and methods for transmitting electromagnetic energy over a wireless channel having sufficiently weak measured signal strength |
US7035585B2 (en) * | 2000-12-11 | 2006-04-25 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | System and method for interfacing satellite communications with aircraft |
US6891813B2 (en) * | 2000-12-12 | 2005-05-10 | The Directv Group, Inc. | Dynamic cell CDMA code assignment system and method |
US20020087401A1 (en) * | 2000-12-29 | 2002-07-04 | Gateway, Inc. | System and method for targeted advertising |
US20020191565A1 (en) * | 2001-06-08 | 2002-12-19 | Sanjay Mani | Methods and systems employing receive diversity in distributed cellular antenna applications |
US7127175B2 (en) * | 2001-06-08 | 2006-10-24 | Nextg Networks | Method and apparatus for multiplexing in a wireless communication infrastructure |
US20030153338A1 (en) | 2001-07-24 | 2003-08-14 | Herz Frederick S. M. | Autoband |
US7463890B2 (en) * | 2002-07-24 | 2008-12-09 | Herz Frederick S M | Method and apparatus for establishing ad hoc communications pathways between source and destination nodes in a communications network |
GB0121491D0 (en) * | 2001-09-05 | 2001-10-24 | Thales Res Ltd | Position fixing system |
US6947736B2 (en) * | 2001-11-20 | 2005-09-20 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Universal broadband home network for scalable IEEE 802.11 based wireless and wireline networking |
US6747577B2 (en) * | 2001-11-26 | 2004-06-08 | The Boeing Company | Methods and systems for air vehicle telemetry |
US20050201342A1 (en) * | 2002-03-27 | 2005-09-15 | Randy Wilkinson | Wireless access point network and management protocol |
US6831921B2 (en) * | 2002-03-27 | 2004-12-14 | James A. Higgins | Wireless internet access system |
US20030204630A1 (en) * | 2002-04-29 | 2003-10-30 | The Boeing Company | Bandwidth-efficient and secure method to combine multiple live events to multiple exhibitors |
US7363055B2 (en) * | 2002-05-09 | 2008-04-22 | Casabyte, Inc. | Method, apparatus and article to remotely associate wireless communications devices with subscriber identities and/or proxy wireless communications devices |
US8060139B2 (en) | 2002-06-24 | 2011-11-15 | Toshiba American Research Inc. (Tari) | Authenticating multiple devices simultaneously over a wireless link using a single subscriber identity module |
US7031837B1 (en) * | 2002-08-01 | 2006-04-18 | Steve Foust | Proactive collision avoidance system |
US7177143B1 (en) * | 2002-08-05 | 2007-02-13 | Communication Associates, Inc. | Molded electronic components |
US7885409B2 (en) | 2002-08-28 | 2011-02-08 | Rockwell Collins, Inc. | Software radio system and method |
US20040198453A1 (en) * | 2002-09-20 | 2004-10-07 | David Cutrer | Distributed wireless network employing utility poles and optical signal distribution |
JP2004175052A (en) * | 2002-11-29 | 2004-06-24 | Sony Corp | Medium to be recorded by ink jetting, ink jet imaging method, and printed matter |
US7352688B1 (en) | 2002-12-31 | 2008-04-01 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | High data rate wireless bridging |
FI20030929A (en) * | 2003-06-19 | 2004-12-20 | Nokia Corp | Procedure and arrangement for conducting wireless information transmission in a means of communication |
US7821984B2 (en) * | 2003-09-29 | 2010-10-26 | Wilson W David | Satellite distributed high speed internet access |
US7324469B2 (en) * | 2003-09-29 | 2008-01-29 | System Services, Inc. | Satellite distributed high speed internet access |
WO2005039116A1 (en) * | 2003-10-17 | 2005-04-28 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Method and system for asymmetric dual-mode radio communications |
ATE331396T1 (en) * | 2003-11-24 | 2006-07-15 | Cit Alcatel | METHOD OF DISPLAYING CONTENT |
US7196594B2 (en) * | 2004-01-29 | 2007-03-27 | Triquint, Inc. | Surface acoustic wave duplexer having enhanced isolation performance |
US7385594B2 (en) * | 2004-02-19 | 2008-06-10 | Au Optronics Corporation | Position encoded sensing device and a method thereof |
US8863277B2 (en) | 2004-04-07 | 2014-10-14 | Fortinet, Inc. | Systems and methods for passing network traffic content |
EP1738602A1 (en) * | 2004-04-21 | 2007-01-03 | Telecom Italia S.p.A. | Subscriber identification card performing radio transceiver functionality for long range applications |
US7525431B2 (en) * | 2004-05-06 | 2009-04-28 | Ut-Battelle Llc | Space charge dosimeters for extremely low power measurements of radiation in shipping containers |
US7394381B2 (en) * | 2004-05-06 | 2008-07-01 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | Marine asset security and tracking (MAST) system |
CA2565817A1 (en) * | 2004-05-06 | 2006-08-10 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | Marine asset security and tracking (mast) system |
JP2005321508A (en) * | 2004-05-07 | 2005-11-17 | Pioneer Electronic Corp | Display device |
US7406199B2 (en) * | 2004-05-12 | 2008-07-29 | Northrop Grumman Corporation | Event capture and filtering system |
US20050271128A1 (en) * | 2004-06-02 | 2005-12-08 | Williams Jeffery D | Distributed SCADA system for remote monitoring and control of access points utilizing an intelligent uninterruptible power supply system for a WISP network |
US7068235B2 (en) * | 2004-07-26 | 2006-06-27 | Row 44, Llc | Antenna system |
US7477597B2 (en) * | 2004-09-08 | 2009-01-13 | Alcatel Lucent | Rural broadband hybrid satellite/terrestrial solution |
US7359449B2 (en) * | 2004-10-05 | 2008-04-15 | Kamilo Feher | Data communication for wired and wireless communication |
US7961828B2 (en) * | 2004-10-06 | 2011-06-14 | Motorola Mobility, Inc. | Sync bursts frequency offset compensation |
DE102004049803A1 (en) * | 2004-10-12 | 2006-04-20 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Method for suppression of spectral sidelobes in transmission systems based on OFDM |
DE102004049802A1 (en) * | 2004-10-12 | 2006-04-20 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Method for suppression of spectral sidelobes in transmission systems based on OFDM |
FI119900B (en) * | 2004-11-17 | 2009-04-30 | Tellog Ag | Base station and communication network |
EP1864236A1 (en) * | 2005-02-17 | 2007-12-12 | Acterna, LLC | Methods and apparatuses to remotely test communications networks using digital fingerprints of content |
US7756490B2 (en) * | 2005-03-08 | 2010-07-13 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Methods, radioterminals, and ancillary terrestrial components for communicating using spectrum allocated to another satellite operator |
US7777492B2 (en) * | 2005-04-01 | 2010-08-17 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Magnetic resonance compatible device and a method of conducting a high frequency power signal between regions of the device |
US7495631B2 (en) * | 2005-04-12 | 2009-02-24 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method, apparatus and computer program product for dynamic display of billboard information |
US8279868B2 (en) * | 2005-05-17 | 2012-10-02 | Pine Valley Investments, Inc. | System providing land mobile radio content using a cellular data network |
US8145262B2 (en) * | 2005-05-17 | 2012-03-27 | Pine Valley Investments, Inc. | Multimode land mobile radio |
US20070008939A1 (en) * | 2005-06-10 | 2007-01-11 | Adc Telecommunications, Inc. | Providing wireless coverage into substantially closed environments |
US7970345B2 (en) * | 2005-06-22 | 2011-06-28 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Systems and methods of waveform and/or information splitting for wireless transmission of information to one or more radioterminals over a plurality of transmission paths and/or system elements |
US10009956B1 (en) | 2017-09-02 | 2018-06-26 | Kamilo Feher | OFDM, 3G and 4G cellular multimode systems and wireless mobile networks |
US7280810B2 (en) * | 2005-08-03 | 2007-10-09 | Kamilo Feher | Multimode communication system |
US7606592B2 (en) * | 2005-09-19 | 2009-10-20 | Becker Charles D | Waveguide-based wireless distribution system and method of operation |
US7752530B2 (en) * | 2005-11-10 | 2010-07-06 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Apparatus and method for a collision-free parallel turbo decoder in a software-defined radio system |
US20070110035A1 (en) * | 2005-11-14 | 2007-05-17 | Broadcom Corporation, A California Corporation | Network nodes cooperatively routing traffic flow amongst wired and wireless networks |
JP4768479B2 (en) * | 2006-03-20 | 2011-09-07 | 富士通株式会社 | Electronics |
EP1845659A1 (en) * | 2006-04-13 | 2007-10-17 | Aastra DeTeWe GmbH | Arrangement comprising at least two radiofields and method of operating |
US7765062B2 (en) * | 2006-04-25 | 2010-07-27 | Honeywell International Inc. | Method and system for autonomous tracking of a mobile target by an unmanned aerial vehicle |
US8179832B2 (en) | 2006-06-05 | 2012-05-15 | Globalstar, Inc. | System and method for providing an improved terrestrial subsystem for use in mobile satellite systems |
US7720506B1 (en) | 2006-07-28 | 2010-05-18 | Rockwell Collins, Inc. | System and method of providing antenna specific front ends for aviation software defined radios |
US7831255B1 (en) | 2006-07-31 | 2010-11-09 | Rockwell Collins, Inc. | System and method of providing automated availability and integrity verification for aviation software defined radios |
US8194682B2 (en) * | 2006-08-07 | 2012-06-05 | Pine Valley Investments, Inc. | Multiple protocol land mobile radio system |
IL182936A (en) * | 2006-09-06 | 2012-03-29 | Alberto Milano | Wireless area network compliant system and method using a phase array antenna |
US8090312B2 (en) * | 2006-10-03 | 2012-01-03 | Raytheon Company | System and method for observing a satellite using a satellite in retrograde orbit |
US8126733B2 (en) * | 2006-10-24 | 2012-02-28 | Medapps, Inc. | Systems and methods for medical data interchange using mobile computing devices |
US8126735B2 (en) * | 2006-10-24 | 2012-02-28 | Medapps, Inc. | Systems and methods for remote patient monitoring and user interface |
US20080097914A1 (en) * | 2006-10-24 | 2008-04-24 | Kent Dicks | Systems and methods for wireless processing and transmittal of medical data through multiple interfaces |
US20080097917A1 (en) * | 2006-10-24 | 2008-04-24 | Kent Dicks | Systems and methods for wireless processing and medical device monitoring via remote command execution |
US20080097550A1 (en) * | 2006-10-24 | 2008-04-24 | Kent Dicks | Systems and methods for remote patient monitoring and command execution |
US8126734B2 (en) * | 2006-10-24 | 2012-02-28 | Medapps, Inc. | Systems and methods for adapter-based communication with a medical device |
US8126729B2 (en) * | 2006-10-24 | 2012-02-28 | Medapps, Inc. | Systems and methods for processing and transmittal of data from a plurality of medical devices |
US20080215360A1 (en) * | 2006-10-24 | 2008-09-04 | Kent Dicks | Systems and methods for medical data interchange interface |
US9543920B2 (en) * | 2006-10-24 | 2017-01-10 | Kent E. Dicks | Methods for voice communication through personal emergency response system |
US8126732B2 (en) * | 2006-10-24 | 2012-02-28 | Medapps, Inc. | Systems and methods for processing and transmittal of medical data through multiple interfaces |
US8954719B2 (en) * | 2006-10-24 | 2015-02-10 | Kent E. Dicks | Method for remote provisioning of electronic devices by overlaying an initial image with an updated image |
US20080097912A1 (en) * | 2006-10-24 | 2008-04-24 | Kent Dicks | Systems and methods for wireless processing and transmittal of medical data through an intermediary device |
US8126730B2 (en) * | 2006-10-24 | 2012-02-28 | Medapps, Inc. | Systems and methods for storage and forwarding of medical data |
US8131566B2 (en) * | 2006-10-24 | 2012-03-06 | Medapps, Inc. | System for facility management of medical data and patient interface |
US8966235B2 (en) * | 2006-10-24 | 2015-02-24 | Kent E. Dicks | System for remote provisioning of electronic devices by overlaying an initial image with an updated image |
US8126728B2 (en) * | 2006-10-24 | 2012-02-28 | Medapps, Inc. | Systems and methods for processing and transmittal of medical data through an intermediary device |
US20080097913A1 (en) * | 2006-10-24 | 2008-04-24 | Kent Dicks | Systems and methods for wireless processing and transmittal of data from a plurality of medical devices |
DE102007034492B4 (en) * | 2007-07-24 | 2013-01-17 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | High-frequency receiving device for a magnetic resonance tomography device and magnetic resonance tomography device |
US20100245170A1 (en) * | 2007-12-21 | 2010-09-30 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Gnss receiver |
US20110164623A1 (en) * | 2008-07-07 | 2011-07-07 | Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation | Parallel packet transmission |
JP5355044B2 (en) * | 2008-11-11 | 2013-11-27 | 株式会社東芝 | Magnetic resonance imaging system |
GB2465262B (en) * | 2008-11-12 | 2010-11-17 | Siemens Ag | Receiver |
US8406168B2 (en) * | 2009-03-13 | 2013-03-26 | Harris Corporation | Asymmetric broadband data radio network |
US8063723B2 (en) * | 2009-07-01 | 2011-11-22 | Spx Corporation | Filter apparatus and method |
JP5481163B2 (en) * | 2009-10-30 | 2014-04-23 | 株式会社東芝 | Magnetic resonance imaging system |
EP2577886A4 (en) * | 2010-05-28 | 2015-08-12 | Telcordia Tech Inc | Context aware adaptive switching in reconfigurable low earth orbit satellite networks |
US8800932B2 (en) * | 2010-07-26 | 2014-08-12 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Medium earth orbit constellation with simple satellite network topology |
US20120026320A1 (en) * | 2010-07-28 | 2012-02-02 | Bryceland Samuel S | Aircraft traffic logging and acquisition system |
US8472579B2 (en) | 2010-07-28 | 2013-06-25 | Adc Telecommunications, Inc. | Distributed digital reference clock |
US8532242B2 (en) | 2010-10-27 | 2013-09-10 | Adc Telecommunications, Inc. | Distributed antenna system with combination of both all digital transport and hybrid digital/analog transport |
EP2464031A1 (en) | 2010-12-08 | 2012-06-13 | SES Astra S.A. | Satellite communication system with sub-distribution architecture |
US8462683B2 (en) | 2011-01-12 | 2013-06-11 | Adc Telecommunications, Inc. | Distinct transport path for MIMO transmissions in distributed antenna systems |
DE102011013737A1 (en) * | 2011-03-11 | 2012-09-13 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | satellite |
US9185152B2 (en) * | 2011-08-25 | 2015-11-10 | Ustream, Inc. | Bidirectional communication on live multimedia broadcasts |
US8929278B2 (en) | 2012-02-06 | 2015-01-06 | Maxlinear, Inc. | Method and apparatus for content protection and billing for mobile delivery of satellite content |
US9577704B2 (en) * | 2012-03-01 | 2017-02-21 | The Boeing Company | Satellite communications management system |
US9042295B1 (en) | 2012-03-01 | 2015-05-26 | The Boeing Company | Transponded anti-jam satellite communications |
US8340902B1 (en) * | 2012-03-15 | 2012-12-25 | Yan-Hong Chiang | Remote vehicle management system by video radar |
US8644413B2 (en) | 2012-05-29 | 2014-02-04 | Magnolia Broadband Inc. | Implementing blind tuning in hybrid MIMO RF beamforming systems |
US8971452B2 (en) | 2012-05-29 | 2015-03-03 | Magnolia Broadband Inc. | Using 3G/4G baseband signals for tuning beamformers in hybrid MIMO RDN systems |
US8619927B2 (en) | 2012-05-29 | 2013-12-31 | Magnolia Broadband Inc. | System and method for discrete gain control in hybrid MIMO/RF beamforming |
US8837650B2 (en) | 2012-05-29 | 2014-09-16 | Magnolia Broadband Inc. | System and method for discrete gain control in hybrid MIMO RF beamforming for multi layer MIMO base station |
US8767862B2 (en) | 2012-05-29 | 2014-07-01 | Magnolia Broadband Inc. | Beamformer phase optimization for a multi-layer MIMO system augmented by radio distribution network |
US8861635B2 (en) | 2012-05-29 | 2014-10-14 | Magnolia Broadband Inc. | Setting radio frequency (RF) beamformer antenna weights per data-stream in a multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) system |
US8811522B2 (en) | 2012-05-29 | 2014-08-19 | Magnolia Broadband Inc. | Mitigating interferences for a multi-layer MIMO system augmented by radio distribution network |
US8842765B2 (en) | 2012-05-29 | 2014-09-23 | Magnolia Broadband Inc. | Beamformer configurable for connecting a variable number of antennas and radio circuits |
US9154204B2 (en) | 2012-06-11 | 2015-10-06 | Magnolia Broadband Inc. | Implementing transmit RDN architectures in uplink MIMO systems |
US9306684B2 (en) * | 2012-08-22 | 2016-04-05 | Maxlinear, Inc. | Method and system for caching content for mobile distribution |
US9014241B2 (en) * | 2012-11-12 | 2015-04-21 | Xilinx, Inc. | Digital pre-distortion in a communication network |
US9343808B2 (en) | 2013-02-08 | 2016-05-17 | Magnotod Llc | Multi-beam MIMO time division duplex base station using subset of radios |
US8797969B1 (en) | 2013-02-08 | 2014-08-05 | Magnolia Broadband Inc. | Implementing multi user multiple input multiple output (MU MIMO) base station using single-user (SU) MIMO co-located base stations |
US8774150B1 (en) | 2013-02-13 | 2014-07-08 | Magnolia Broadband Inc. | System and method for reducing side-lobe contamination effects in Wi-Fi access points |
US20140226740A1 (en) | 2013-02-13 | 2014-08-14 | Magnolia Broadband Inc. | Multi-beam co-channel wi-fi access point |
US8989103B2 (en) | 2013-02-13 | 2015-03-24 | Magnolia Broadband Inc. | Method and system for selective attenuation of preamble reception in co-located WI FI access points |
US9155110B2 (en) | 2013-03-27 | 2015-10-06 | Magnolia Broadband Inc. | System and method for co-located and co-channel Wi-Fi access points |
KR102228617B1 (en) | 2013-02-22 | 2021-03-15 | 콤스코프 테크놀로지스 엘엘씨 | Universal remote radio head |
EP3484060B1 (en) | 2013-02-22 | 2021-04-07 | ADC Telecommunications, Inc. | Master reference for base station network interface sourced from distributed antenna system |
KR102183442B1 (en) * | 2013-04-18 | 2020-11-26 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving signals using multiple modulation and coding schemes in a wireless communication system |
KR102094291B1 (en) * | 2013-04-23 | 2020-03-27 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Display apparauts and channel searching method thereof |
US9100968B2 (en) | 2013-05-09 | 2015-08-04 | Magnolia Broadband Inc. | Method and system for digital cancellation scheme with multi-beam |
US9425882B2 (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2016-08-23 | Magnolia Broadband Inc. | Wi-Fi radio distribution network stations and method of operating Wi-Fi RDN stations |
US9287920B2 (en) * | 2013-07-05 | 2016-03-15 | Broadcom Corporation | Diplexer elimination in microwave point-to-point FDD systems |
US8995416B2 (en) | 2013-07-10 | 2015-03-31 | Magnolia Broadband Inc. | System and method for simultaneous co-channel access of neighboring access points |
US8824596B1 (en) | 2013-07-31 | 2014-09-02 | Magnolia Broadband Inc. | System and method for uplink transmissions in time division MIMO RDN architecture |
US9497781B2 (en) | 2013-08-13 | 2016-11-15 | Magnolia Broadband Inc. | System and method for co-located and co-channel Wi-Fi access points |
US9088898B2 (en) | 2013-09-12 | 2015-07-21 | Magnolia Broadband Inc. | System and method for cooperative scheduling for co-located access points |
US9060362B2 (en) | 2013-09-12 | 2015-06-16 | Magnolia Broadband Inc. | Method and system for accessing an occupied Wi-Fi channel by a client using a nulling scheme |
US9787457B2 (en) | 2013-10-07 | 2017-10-10 | Commscope Technologies Llc | Systems and methods for integrating asynchronous signals in distributed antenna system with direct digital interface to base station |
US9172454B2 (en) | 2013-11-01 | 2015-10-27 | Magnolia Broadband Inc. | Method and system for calibrating a transceiver array |
US8891598B1 (en) | 2013-11-19 | 2014-11-18 | Magnolia Broadband Inc. | Transmitter and receiver calibration for obtaining the channel reciprocity for time division duplex MIMO systems |
US8942134B1 (en) | 2013-11-20 | 2015-01-27 | Magnolia Broadband Inc. | System and method for selective registration in a multi-beam system |
US8929322B1 (en) * | 2013-11-20 | 2015-01-06 | Magnolia Broadband Inc. | System and method for side lobe suppression using controlled signal cancellation |
US9014066B1 (en) | 2013-11-26 | 2015-04-21 | Magnolia Broadband Inc. | System and method for transmit and receive antenna patterns calibration for time division duplex (TDD) systems |
US9294177B2 (en) | 2013-11-26 | 2016-03-22 | Magnolia Broadband Inc. | System and method for transmit and receive antenna patterns calibration for time division duplex (TDD) systems |
US9042276B1 (en) | 2013-12-05 | 2015-05-26 | Magnolia Broadband Inc. | Multiple co-located multi-user-MIMO access points |
US9311762B2 (en) * | 2014-01-15 | 2016-04-12 | Matthew Howard Godley | Vehicle control system |
US9172446B2 (en) | 2014-03-19 | 2015-10-27 | Magnolia Broadband Inc. | Method and system for supporting sparse explicit sounding by implicit data |
US9100154B1 (en) | 2014-03-19 | 2015-08-04 | Magnolia Broadband Inc. | Method and system for explicit AP-to-AP sounding in an 802.11 network |
US9271176B2 (en) | 2014-03-28 | 2016-02-23 | Magnolia Broadband Inc. | System and method for backhaul based sounding feedback |
US9596322B2 (en) | 2014-06-11 | 2017-03-14 | Commscope Technologies Llc | Bitrate efficient transport through distributed antenna systems |
US9590673B2 (en) * | 2015-01-20 | 2017-03-07 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Switched, simultaneous and cascaded interference cancellation |
US9628168B2 (en) * | 2015-02-26 | 2017-04-18 | Space Systems/Loral, Llc | Dynamic link adaption and/or dynamic allocation of communication resources of a communication system based on external interference information received from external interference information sources |
IL238612A (en) | 2015-05-04 | 2016-05-31 | Berejik Zacharia | System and method for mobile communication through geostationary satellites |
US11329683B1 (en) | 2015-06-05 | 2022-05-10 | Life365, Inc. | Device configured for functional diagnosis and updates |
US10185513B1 (en) | 2015-06-05 | 2019-01-22 | Life365, Inc. | Device configured for dynamic software change |
US9974492B1 (en) | 2015-06-05 | 2018-05-22 | Life365, Inc. | Health monitoring and communications device |
US10560135B1 (en) | 2015-06-05 | 2020-02-11 | Life365, Inc. | Health, wellness and activity monitor |
WO2017014753A1 (en) * | 2015-07-21 | 2017-01-26 | Hewlett Packard Enterprise Development Lp | Ring-resonator modulation of an optical signal |
US10388411B1 (en) | 2015-09-02 | 2019-08-20 | Life365, Inc. | Device configured for functional diagnosis and updates |
US10499269B2 (en) | 2015-11-12 | 2019-12-03 | Commscope Technologies Llc | Systems and methods for assigning controlled nodes to channel interfaces of a controller |
CN105631098B (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2019-05-03 | 南阳师范学院 | A kind of General Memory effect wing-rooms on either side of a one-story house nonlinear model of wide band RF power amplifier |
US10044098B2 (en) * | 2016-02-19 | 2018-08-07 | Facebook, Inc. | Modular base station |
EP3442404B1 (en) * | 2016-04-15 | 2022-07-27 | BR Invention Holding, LLC | Mobile medicine communication platform and methods and uses thereof |
JP6758893B2 (en) * | 2016-04-19 | 2020-09-23 | マクセル株式会社 | Work support device and work support system |
US10205216B2 (en) * | 2016-05-06 | 2019-02-12 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Thin film antenna to FAKRA connector |
US9979462B2 (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2018-05-22 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Resilient virtual ground receivers |
US11361127B2 (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2022-06-14 | Nec Corporation | Simulation device, simulation method, and storage medium |
US10666352B2 (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2020-05-26 | Worldvu Satellites Limited | Satellite system comprising satellites in LEO and other orbits |
US9722692B1 (en) | 2016-10-19 | 2017-08-01 | Vector Launch Inc. | Statefulness among clustered satellite platforms |
US10530468B2 (en) | 2016-10-19 | 2020-01-07 | Vector Launch Inc. | State transfer among virtualized nodes in spaceborne or airborne systems |
US10805001B2 (en) | 2016-10-19 | 2020-10-13 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | State transfer among spaceborne and airborne devices |
US9641238B1 (en) | 2016-10-19 | 2017-05-02 | Vector Launch Inc. | Virtualization-enabled satellite platforms |
WO2018080502A1 (en) * | 2016-10-27 | 2018-05-03 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Wireless connection for electronic device |
US9740465B1 (en) | 2016-11-16 | 2017-08-22 | Vector Launch Inc. | Orchestration of software application deployment in a satellite platform |
US10129768B1 (en) * | 2016-11-17 | 2018-11-13 | Sprint Spectrum L.P. | Determining potential interference in a wireless network |
EP3547718A4 (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2019-11-13 | Sony Corporation | Reproducing device, reproducing method, information processing device, information processing method, and program |
US10484082B2 (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2019-11-19 | Haris Corporation | Space asset tracker |
EP3563605B1 (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2021-07-21 | Denso Corporation | System and method for microlocation sensor communication |
CN106685536B (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2022-04-29 | 上海微小卫星工程中心 | High-speed data transmission receiver and data processing method thereof |
CN108632835A (en) | 2017-03-17 | 2018-10-09 | 索尼公司 | Electronic equipment and method for wireless communication |
US10474458B2 (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2019-11-12 | Intel Corporation | Instructions and logic to perform floating-point and integer operations for machine learning |
SG11201907716XA (en) * | 2017-05-03 | 2019-09-27 | Assia Spe Llc | Systems and methods for implementing high-speed waveguide transmission over wires |
US10069935B1 (en) | 2017-07-19 | 2018-09-04 | Vector Launch Inc. | Role-specialization in clustered satellite platforms |
US9998207B1 (en) | 2017-07-19 | 2018-06-12 | Vector Launch Inc. | Orbital network layering in satellite platforms |
US10491710B2 (en) | 2017-07-19 | 2019-11-26 | Vector Launch Inc. | Role-specialization in spaceborne and airborne computing platforms |
US9960837B1 (en) | 2017-07-19 | 2018-05-01 | Vector Launch Inc. | Pseudo-geosynchronous configurations in satellite platforms |
US10757027B2 (en) | 2017-07-19 | 2020-08-25 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Quality of service management in a satellite platform |
US9819742B1 (en) | 2017-07-19 | 2017-11-14 | Vector Launch Inc. | Bandwidth aware state transfer among satellite devices |
CN109286878B (en) * | 2017-07-21 | 2021-08-31 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Signal transmission circuit |
JP6858271B2 (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2021-04-14 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Power system stability analyzers, stabilizers and methods |
US10637561B2 (en) | 2017-11-16 | 2020-04-28 | Spire Global, Inc. | Adaptable space radio |
US10630378B2 (en) | 2018-02-09 | 2020-04-21 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Bandwidth optimizing range adjustments among satellites |
CN108761223B (en) * | 2018-03-09 | 2022-02-01 | 许昌开普检测研究院股份有限公司 | System and method for testing output synchronism of traveling wave protection testing device |
US11063661B2 (en) | 2018-06-06 | 2021-07-13 | Kymeta Corporation | Beam splitting hand off systems architecture |
CN108958705B (en) * | 2018-06-26 | 2021-11-12 | 飞腾信息技术有限公司 | Floating point fusion multiply-add device supporting mixed data types and application method thereof |
US10588089B1 (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2020-03-10 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Mitigation of calibration errors |
CN111200485B (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2022-08-02 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Method and device for extracting broadband error calibration parameters and computer readable storage medium |
US11447152B2 (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2022-09-20 | Cavh Llc | System and methods for partially instrumented connected automated vehicle highway systems |
CN110012559B (en) * | 2019-03-01 | 2022-03-01 | 北京农业信息技术研究中心 | Orchard WSN (wireless sensor network) asymmetric network multi-element factor coupling performance measurement and control method and system |
CN110335736B (en) * | 2019-04-11 | 2021-05-18 | 武汉大学 | Printing heating temperature control packaging device based on magnetic resonance wireless power supply technology and design method |
US10897305B2 (en) | 2019-04-27 | 2021-01-19 | Skylo Technologies, Inc. | Coordinated access to a satellite link using data profiles |
US11297599B2 (en) | 2019-04-27 | 2022-04-05 | Skylo Technologies, Inc. | Simultaneously broadcasting acknowledgements of reception of uplink wireless communication |
CN110086489B (en) * | 2019-05-13 | 2020-06-12 | 福州大学 | Interruption-free super-regenerative receiver frequency calibration circuit and working method |
US10993124B2 (en) | 2019-05-16 | 2021-04-27 | Cth Lending Company, Llc | Beam-steering satellite communication terminal for field environments |
CN110300387B (en) * | 2019-05-24 | 2020-09-15 | 浙江大学 | High-speed anti-interference communication system and method in multi-sensor guide rail connection |
CN110132875B (en) * | 2019-05-27 | 2021-09-10 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Multi-source pulsed laser information fusion-based dispersive medium multi-volume field reconstruction device and method |
CN110208791B (en) * | 2019-06-24 | 2020-02-14 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Pure angle tracking pseudo linear filtering method |
US11515937B2 (en) | 2019-08-22 | 2022-11-29 | Skylo Technologies, Inc. | Hub communication with a satellite network or a terrestrial network |
US11329745B2 (en) | 2019-08-22 | 2022-05-10 | Skylo Technologies, Inc. | Dynamically estimating a propagation time between a first node and a second node of a wireless network |
WO2021058852A1 (en) | 2019-09-23 | 2021-04-01 | Raniot Technologies Oy (Ltd) | Transmission management |
US10999755B1 (en) | 2019-10-19 | 2021-05-04 | Skylo Technologies, Inc. | Data package selection for data reporting of one or more data sources |
US10986646B1 (en) | 2019-10-19 | 2021-04-20 | Skylo Technologies, Inc. | Scheduling virtual preambles for data source reporting |
CN110837232B (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2021-07-13 | 苏州安驰控制系统有限公司 | Flat cable control method, equipment, system and computer storage medium |
CN111030663A (en) * | 2019-11-12 | 2020-04-17 | 京信通信技术(广州)有限公司 | Adaptive gating circuit, method, apparatus and device |
US11316583B2 (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2022-04-26 | Intelligent Fusion Technology, Inc. | Predistorter, predistorter controller, and high power amplifier linearization method |
CN112234276B (en) * | 2020-03-27 | 2022-01-28 | 蜂巢能源科技有限公司 | Battery cell thermal runaway simulation circuit and method |
CN111464419B (en) * | 2020-04-13 | 2021-08-27 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Data transmission control method based on bus network communication |
CN111414998B (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2024-01-19 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Remote sensing satellite resource scheduling algorithm selection method based on deep neural network |
CN111711477B (en) * | 2020-04-26 | 2022-05-10 | 四川润泽经伟信息技术有限公司 | Carrier interference system, method and device based on satellite communication countermeasure system |
US11575407B2 (en) * | 2020-04-27 | 2023-02-07 | Parsons Corporation | Narrowband IQ signal obfuscation |
CN112193415B (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2021-12-17 | 江苏润翔软件技术有限公司 | Combined rescue unmanned aerial vehicle and using method thereof |
US11582029B2 (en) * | 2020-11-18 | 2023-02-14 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Secret key generation for wireless channels |
CN112492866B (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2023-03-31 | 成都锦江电子系统工程有限公司 | Anti-unmanned aerial vehicle group system based on beat wave HPM |
US20220201842A1 (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2022-06-23 | Intel Corporation | Mitigating pdn induced rf interference using a stepped impedance filter |
US11576074B2 (en) | 2021-03-24 | 2023-02-07 | Skylo Technologies, Inc. | Dynamically controlling a local buffer of a modem of a wireless device |
CN113098435A (en) * | 2021-04-06 | 2021-07-09 | 中国科学院上海微系统与信息技术研究所 | Superconducting high-frequency-reducing module and method, superconducting high-frequency testing system and method |
CN113131993B (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2022-06-17 | 中电科航空电子有限公司 | Airborne satellite communication system and satellite link switching method thereof |
CN115442820A (en) * | 2021-06-03 | 2022-12-06 | 中国移动通信集团四川有限公司 | Cell service optimization method and device and electronic equipment |
CN113297704A (en) * | 2021-06-17 | 2021-08-24 | 上海交通大学 | Harmonic reducer power real-time prediction method and system based on hybrid deep neural network |
CN113566848B (en) * | 2021-07-27 | 2023-11-24 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Automatic star calibration method and system for optical measurement equipment based on Loongson platform |
CN113395232B (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2021-11-05 | 深圳捷扬微电子有限公司 | Pulse ultra-wideband multi-antenna delay receiver and method for acquiring incident angle |
CN113839967B (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2022-02-15 | 深圳市聚慧合创信息技术有限公司 | Internet of things equipment fraud prevention and control system based on big data technology |
CN114326386B (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2024-01-23 | 卡斯柯信号有限公司 | Automatic train driving track planning and tracking integrated control method and device |
US20230246601A1 (en) * | 2022-01-31 | 2023-08-03 | Qorvo Us, Inc. | Protection circuit for acoustic filter and power amplifier stage |
CN115037351B (en) * | 2022-05-11 | 2023-05-16 | 军事科学院系统工程研究院网络信息研究所 | Hyperbolic space embedded representation method of satellite communication network |
CN114978285B (en) * | 2022-05-17 | 2023-04-25 | 北京交通大学 | Satellite network route elastic recovery method and system based on centralized control |
CN114671049B (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2022-09-13 | 中国民航大学 | Dynamic reconfigurable aircraft cabin entertainment system integration test method and device |
CN115361058B (en) * | 2022-10-19 | 2023-03-10 | 成都星联芯通科技有限公司 | Satellite portable station satellite-to-satellite method, device, storage medium and satellite portable station |
CN116208278B (en) * | 2023-04-27 | 2023-06-27 | 武汉能钠智能装备技术股份有限公司四川省成都市分公司 | Testing system and method for satellite signal monitoring equipment |
Citations (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5081703A (en) * | 1990-06-27 | 1992-01-14 | Pactel Corporation | Satellite mobile communication system for rural service areas |
US5105444A (en) * | 1989-09-13 | 1992-04-14 | Atlantic Richfield Company | System for high speed data tranmission |
US5327572A (en) * | 1990-03-06 | 1994-07-05 | Motorola, Inc. | Networked satellite and terrestrial cellular radiotelephone systems |
US5345599A (en) * | 1992-02-21 | 1994-09-06 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Increasing capacity in wireless broadcast systems using distributed transmission/directional reception (DTDR) |
US5388101A (en) * | 1992-10-26 | 1995-02-07 | Eon Corporation | Interactive nationwide data service communication system for stationary and mobile battery operated subscriber units |
US5392353A (en) * | 1989-08-07 | 1995-02-21 | Tv Answer, Inc. | Interactive satellite broadcast network |
US5535432A (en) * | 1994-09-14 | 1996-07-09 | Ericsson Ge Mobile Communications Inc. | Dual-mode satellite/cellular phone with a frequency synthesizer |
US5793957A (en) * | 1993-05-25 | 1998-08-11 | Elonex I.P. Holdings, Ltd. | Satellite digital assistant and host/satellite computer system wherein coupling the host and the satellite by a host interface communication system results in digital communication and synchronization of files |
US5812953A (en) * | 1993-11-23 | 1998-09-22 | Bellsouth Corporation | Radio cellular telephone for remotely initiating operation |
US5943606A (en) * | 1996-09-30 | 1999-08-24 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Determination of frequency offsets in communication systems |
US5974312A (en) * | 1997-07-10 | 1999-10-26 | Ericsson Inc. | System and method for updating a memory in an electronic device via wireless data transfer |
US6035178A (en) * | 1996-05-09 | 2000-03-07 | Ericsson Inc. | Satellite communication system for local-area coverage |
US6072768A (en) * | 1996-09-04 | 2000-06-06 | Globalstar L.P. | Automatic satellite/terrestrial mobile terminal roaming system and method |
US6084530A (en) * | 1996-12-30 | 2000-07-04 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Modulated backscatter sensor system |
US6157846A (en) * | 1997-06-17 | 2000-12-05 | Nortel Networks Limited | Method of and apparatus for providing an interface between an analog facsimile device and a wireless network |
US6335953B1 (en) * | 1992-05-08 | 2002-01-01 | Axonn, L.L.C. | Enhanced frequency agile radio |
US6580906B2 (en) * | 1997-12-10 | 2003-06-17 | Intel Corporation | Authentication and security in wireless communication system |
US20050254475A1 (en) * | 1995-10-05 | 2005-11-17 | Kubler Joseph J | Hierarchical data collection network supporting packetized voice communications among wireless terminals and telephones |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5187805A (en) * | 1989-10-02 | 1993-02-16 | Motorola, Inc. | Telemetry, tracking and control for satellite cellular communication systems |
US5553094A (en) | 1990-02-15 | 1996-09-03 | Iris Systems, Inc. | Radio communication network for remote data generating stations |
US5056107A (en) | 1990-02-15 | 1991-10-08 | Iris Systems Inc. | Radio communication network for remote data generating stations |
US5678172A (en) * | 1992-10-26 | 1997-10-14 | Eon Corporation | Simulated voice packet messaging |
JP2901170B2 (en) * | 1993-05-27 | 1999-06-07 | ケイディディ株式会社 | Satellite / land mobile communication system integration method |
US5448230A (en) | 1993-06-25 | 1995-09-05 | Metscan, Incorporated | Remote data acquisition and communication system |
US5515062A (en) * | 1993-08-11 | 1996-05-07 | Motorola, Inc. | Location system and method with acquisition of accurate location parameters |
US5541589A (en) | 1994-12-15 | 1996-07-30 | Delaney; Patrick J. | Power meter data acquisition and control system |
US5594779A (en) * | 1995-01-12 | 1997-01-14 | Bell Atlantic | Mobile audio program selection system using public switched telephone network |
US6038445A (en) * | 1996-08-19 | 2000-03-14 | Ericsson Inc. | Providing service area dependent subscriber data within a mobile telecommunications network |
US6212550B1 (en) * | 1997-01-21 | 2001-04-03 | Motorola, Inc. | Method and system in a client-server for automatically converting messages from a first format to a second format compatible with a message retrieving device |
US6240073B1 (en) * | 1997-11-14 | 2001-05-29 | Shiron Satellite Communications (1996) Ltd. | Reverse link for a satellite communication network |
US6591084B1 (en) * | 1998-04-27 | 2003-07-08 | General Dynamics Decision Systems, Inc. | Satellite based data transfer and delivery system |
US7114105B2 (en) * | 2002-12-05 | 2006-09-26 | Qualcomm, Inc. | System and method for software download to wireless communication device |
-
1998
- 1998-04-27 US US09/066,794 patent/US6591084B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2003
- 2003-01-14 US US10/328,451 patent/US20030203717A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2005
- 2005-08-05 US US11/198,774 patent/US7650165B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-08-05 US US11/198,645 patent/US20050282493A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5392353A (en) * | 1989-08-07 | 1995-02-21 | Tv Answer, Inc. | Interactive satellite broadcast network |
US5105444A (en) * | 1989-09-13 | 1992-04-14 | Atlantic Richfield Company | System for high speed data tranmission |
US5327572A (en) * | 1990-03-06 | 1994-07-05 | Motorola, Inc. | Networked satellite and terrestrial cellular radiotelephone systems |
US5081703A (en) * | 1990-06-27 | 1992-01-14 | Pactel Corporation | Satellite mobile communication system for rural service areas |
US5345599A (en) * | 1992-02-21 | 1994-09-06 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Increasing capacity in wireless broadcast systems using distributed transmission/directional reception (DTDR) |
US6335953B1 (en) * | 1992-05-08 | 2002-01-01 | Axonn, L.L.C. | Enhanced frequency agile radio |
US5388101A (en) * | 1992-10-26 | 1995-02-07 | Eon Corporation | Interactive nationwide data service communication system for stationary and mobile battery operated subscriber units |
US5793957A (en) * | 1993-05-25 | 1998-08-11 | Elonex I.P. Holdings, Ltd. | Satellite digital assistant and host/satellite computer system wherein coupling the host and the satellite by a host interface communication system results in digital communication and synchronization of files |
US5812953A (en) * | 1993-11-23 | 1998-09-22 | Bellsouth Corporation | Radio cellular telephone for remotely initiating operation |
US5535432A (en) * | 1994-09-14 | 1996-07-09 | Ericsson Ge Mobile Communications Inc. | Dual-mode satellite/cellular phone with a frequency synthesizer |
US20050254475A1 (en) * | 1995-10-05 | 2005-11-17 | Kubler Joseph J | Hierarchical data collection network supporting packetized voice communications among wireless terminals and telephones |
US6035178A (en) * | 1996-05-09 | 2000-03-07 | Ericsson Inc. | Satellite communication system for local-area coverage |
US6072768A (en) * | 1996-09-04 | 2000-06-06 | Globalstar L.P. | Automatic satellite/terrestrial mobile terminal roaming system and method |
US5943606A (en) * | 1996-09-30 | 1999-08-24 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Determination of frequency offsets in communication systems |
US6084530A (en) * | 1996-12-30 | 2000-07-04 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Modulated backscatter sensor system |
US6157846A (en) * | 1997-06-17 | 2000-12-05 | Nortel Networks Limited | Method of and apparatus for providing an interface between an analog facsimile device and a wireless network |
US5974312A (en) * | 1997-07-10 | 1999-10-26 | Ericsson Inc. | System and method for updating a memory in an electronic device via wireless data transfer |
US6580906B2 (en) * | 1997-12-10 | 2003-06-17 | Intel Corporation | Authentication and security in wireless communication system |
Cited By (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8923165B2 (en) | 2000-11-17 | 2014-12-30 | Modern Medium Services Llc | Distributed wireless online access system |
US9088964B2 (en) | 2000-11-17 | 2015-07-21 | Modern Medium Services Llc | Distributed wireless online access system |
US8649299B2 (en) * | 2000-11-17 | 2014-02-11 | Eimar M. Boesjes | Distributed wireless online access system |
US7813700B2 (en) * | 2005-01-05 | 2010-10-12 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Adaptive beam forming with multi-user detection and interference reduction in satellite communication systems |
US20070135051A1 (en) * | 2005-01-05 | 2007-06-14 | Dunmin Zheng | Adaptive beam forming with multi-user detection and interference reduction in satellite communication systems and methods |
US8744360B2 (en) | 2005-01-05 | 2014-06-03 | Atc Technologies, Inc. | Adaptive beam forming with multi-user detection and interference reduction in satellite communication systems and methods |
US20080144563A1 (en) * | 2006-12-19 | 2008-06-19 | Viasat, Inc. | Use of terrestrial channels to augment satellite channels for low latency traffic |
CN107070521A (en) * | 2007-03-15 | 2017-08-18 | 谷歌公司 | The method that feedback is provided in Closed-Loop Transmit Diversity system |
CN102523034A (en) * | 2011-12-22 | 2012-06-27 | 南京中网卫星通信股份有限公司 | Intelligent integrated access device for satellite communication and wireless communication and operating method |
CN102448066A (en) * | 2011-12-22 | 2012-05-09 | 浙江工业大学 | WSN (Wireless Sensor Network)-oriented lightweight intrusion detection method on basis of artificial immunization and mobile agent |
US10277514B2 (en) | 2016-07-21 | 2019-04-30 | Viasat, Inc. | Methods and systems for dynamic policy based traffic steering over multiple access networks |
US10855599B2 (en) | 2016-07-21 | 2020-12-01 | Viasat, Inc. | Methods and systems for dynamic policy based traffic steering over multiple access networks |
US11722413B2 (en) | 2016-07-21 | 2023-08-08 | Viasat, Inc. | Steering network traffic over multiple access networks |
WO2020154959A1 (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2020-08-06 | 深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司 | Multi-load image transmission method, control system, control terminal, unmanned aerial vehicle, and server |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6591084B1 (en) | 2003-07-08 |
US20060035669A1 (en) | 2006-02-16 |
US20030203717A1 (en) | 2003-10-30 |
US7650165B2 (en) | 2010-01-19 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US7650165B2 (en) | Satellite based data transfer and delivery system | |
US7911984B2 (en) | System and method for wireless communication in a frequency division duplexing region | |
US6865170B1 (en) | Metropolitan wide area network | |
US6757268B1 (en) | Metropolitan wide area network | |
US7962093B2 (en) | Methods and apparatuses for integration of broadcast transmission with access infrastructure of a public network for mobile communications | |
JPH07336751A (en) | Communication system and operation method therefor | |
JP2005510896A (en) | Wireless mesh network and network nodes | |
JPH10506517A (en) | Mobile Radio Information Distribution Configuration and Protocol | |
KR20010020470A (en) | Metropolitan Wide Area Network | |
EP1228600B1 (en) | Multilayer telecommunications network | |
Rana et al. | VSAT technology, trends, and applications | |
US5751703A (en) | Energy dispersal method for TDMA carrier | |
AU2002251391A1 (en) | Mobile communications network, method and apparatuses | |
US20030076853A1 (en) | Dual channel remote terminal | |
WO2002091632A1 (en) | Point to multi-point hybrid frequency band system architecture | |
WO2002013415A2 (en) | Wireless network | |
Merrett et al. | Wireless local loop | |
Chadwick et al. | Wide area data networks using digital satellite communications | |
HINCHMAN et al. | INTELSAT new services | |
Roy et al. | Ku-band satellite systems for large scale data communications networks | |
Willis et al. | CODENET-network for east/west European collaboration | |
Chandler | The skylink mobile satellite system | |
JP2002084256A (en) | Base station, mobile station, wireless data communication system, wireless data communication network buildup method and computer-readable recording medium |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: GENERAL DYNAMICS C4 SYSTEMS, INC., VIRGINIA Free format text: MERGER;ASSIGNOR:GENERAL DYNAMICS DECISION SYSTEMS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:018806/0928 Effective date: 20041217 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |