US20060002234A1 - Anti-biofouling seismic streamer casing and method of manufacture - Google Patents
Anti-biofouling seismic streamer casing and method of manufacture Download PDFInfo
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- US20060002234A1 US20060002234A1 US10/879,069 US87906904A US2006002234A1 US 20060002234 A1 US20060002234 A1 US 20060002234A1 US 87906904 A US87906904 A US 87906904A US 2006002234 A1 US2006002234 A1 US 2006002234A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- flexible tubing
- silicone elastomer
- tubing
- recited
- coating
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/16—Receiving elements for seismic signals; Arrangements or adaptations of receiving elements
- G01V1/20—Arrangements of receiving elements, e.g. geophone pattern
- G01V1/201—Constructional details of seismic cables, e.g. streamers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/16—Antifouling paints; Underwater paints
- C09D5/1656—Antifouling paints; Underwater paints characterised by the film-forming substance
- C09D5/1662—Synthetic film-forming substance
- C09D5/1675—Polyorganosiloxane-containing compositions
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/38—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for water-covered areas
Abstract
An anti-biofouling seismic streamer casing (100,100′) is provided that is formed by a flexible tubing (110) coated with a layer of a two-part heat cured silicone elastomer (120). The seismic streamer casing (100, 100′) is formed by a method that includes steps of providing a flexible tubing (200) and pre-treating the outer surface of the tubing (210). Two parts of a two-part silicone elastomer are then mixed together (220). The method also includes coating the mixed two-part silicone elastomer on the flexible tubing (230), and heating the flexible tubing to cure the coating (240).
Description
- 1. Field of the Invention
- This invention directs itself to anti-biofouling coatings. In particular, this invention is directed to an anti-biofouling coating for a flexible tubing material to produce seismic streamer casings. Further, this invention is directed to a method forming a seismic streamer casing wherein a two-part, heat cured, silicone elastomer is applied to a flexible tubing that has been pretreated to increase the adhesion of the coating to the flexible tubing.
- 2. Prior Art
- Marine biofouling on the hulls of ships has been a problem for centuries. More recently, as more undersea sensors and robotic systems have been utilized for extended periods of time, the control of biofouling has become more critical. Historically, anti-biofouling coatings utilized biocides that leach out from the coating over time to thereby prevent biofouling settlement by virtue of the biocides toxicity to marine organisms. This method of control has had a number of problems associated therewith. First, the biofouling resistance of the coating decreases with time as the biocides are depleted by their leaching out. Furthermore, the toxic coatings increase the danger of toxic exposure to shipyard workers, create a hazardous waste disposal problem, and have a detrimental environmental impact on marine wildlife.
- The use of some elastomer based coatings resist fouling by presenting a surface that is unsuitable for strong adhesion of the fouling organisms. While silicone coatings have an inherent non-stick nature, it has been possible to provide satisfactory adhesion between silicone coatings and relatively rigid substrates by the use of one or more intermediate primer layers to provide a bond between the substrate, such as a boat hull, and the silicone outer layer. The silicone elastomer that has traditionally been utilized in these systems is of the room temperature vulcanizing type, also known as condensation cured silicone elastomers.
- The best prior art known to the Applicants include U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,986,474; 3,973,510; 3,987,537; 4,025,693; 4,072,769; 4,312,693; 4,844,986; 4,894,254; 5,449,553; 5,691,019; 6,101,973; 6,221,498; 6,348,237; 6,403,105; and, 6,570,821, and published U.S. Patent Applications 2001/0032568 and 2004/0017731. None of the prior art systems disclose a two-part, heat cured silicone elastomer that is applied to a flexible tubing material for providing anti-biofouling. Additionally, the known prior art does not disclose a method for applying a silicone elastomer anti-biofouling coating in a continuous automated process.
- A seismic streamer casing is provided that includes a flexible tubing coated with a layer of a two-part heat cured silicone elastomer to provide anti-biofouling therefore. The seismic streamer casing is formed by a method that includes steps of providing a flexible tubing and mixing together two parts of a two-part silicone elastomer. The method also includes coating the mixed two-part silicone elastomer on the flexible tubing, and heating the cured flexible tubing to cure the coating.
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FIG. 1 is an illustration of a marine seismic exploration system in which the invention of the subject Patent Application may be utilized; -
FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view of the seismic streamer casing of the present invention; -
FIG. 3 is a cross sectional view of another configuration of the seismic streamer casing of the present invention; -
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the method of the present invention; -
FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating the manufacturing processes for manufacturing the present invention; -
FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating the variation of the manufacturing processes for the present invention; and -
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating the method for manufacturing the seismic streamer casing of the present invention. - Referring to
FIG. 1 , there is shown anexploration ship 10 towing aseismic streamer 20. Subsea geologic research and oil exploration is carried out through the use of vessels like theship 10 which use acoustic pulses that are transmitted from the ship and through the water to penetrate the sea floor. The acoustic reflected return signals are received by the one or moreseismic streamers 20 that are towed behindship 10. Typically, a ship would tow an array of seismic streamers consisting of five to eight flexible tubular structures that are filled with an oil or a buoyant solid material and a plurality of sensors for receiving the acoustic return signals. The oil adds buoyancy to the seismic streamer and may also function as a dielectric. - Seismic streamers have a casing that may be formed of one or more layers. An outermost layer of a multilayer construction may be a sheath that is sleeved over an underlying tubular structure during assembly of the streamer. The underlying tubular structure may be an oil filled tube or a solid core with the internal electronic assemblies are molded in the solid core. As used herein, it is to be understood that the seismic streamer casing is the outermost tubular structure of a seismic streamer assembly, whether it is a sheath that is sleeved over another tube or solid core, or a single or multilayer tube that is itself filled by sensors and buoyant material.
- The casing of the seismic streamers is formed of a flexible plastic material, such as polyurethane, and typically has a diameter of within the approximating range of 2 to 2.5 inches. The length of a seismic streamer may be as little as 100 feet, however, seismic streamers that are typically used for oil exploration have a length approximating 10 to 15 kilometers. The streamers are towed through the water at a depth that ranges from 5 to 15 feet, and they remain in the water for periods as long as 8 months.
- Although materials such as polyurethane have an outer surface that is not easily adhered to, they are subject to biofouling. The adherence of barnacles to the seismic streamer causes unacceptable levels of hydrodynamic drag and also disrupts the positioning of the streamers in tow such that reception of the acoustic signals is compromised. In order to overcome this problem, the invention of the subject patent application provides a
seismic streamer casing 100, as shown inFIG. 2 .Seismic streamer casing 100 includes aflexible tubing 110 having anouter layer 120 formed by a two-part heat cured silicone elastomer. Thesilicone elastomer layer 120 has a thickness within the approximating range of 0.0001 to 0.20 inches. The flexible wall of thetubing 110 surrounds a through-bore 105 into which the oil and instrumentation of the seismic streamer is received and has a thickness within the approximating range of 1/32 to ¼ of an inch. The elastic material which forms thetubing 110, in addition to being flexible, must be hydrocarbon resistant to avoid degradation from contact with the oil which is contained within the seismic streamer.Tubing 110 may be formed of materials such as urethane, polyurethane and polyvinylchloride, with polyurethane being the most widely used material for seismic streamers used for oil exploration. - As previously noted, the surface of the
tubing 110 is not very conducive to providing adhesion with other materials. Likewise, silicone elastomers generally do not exhibit strong adhesive qualities. To overcome these short comings, some form of pretreatment may be utilized to provide strong bonding of the silicone elastomer to thetubing 110. In the embodiment ofFIG. 2 , any pretreatment is in the form of a physical modification to the surface contours of thetubing 110. The types of pretreatment suitable for application totubing 110 will be described in following paragraphs. - In the configuration shown in
FIG. 3 , theseismic streamer casing 100′ is formed with thesame tubing 110 having a through-bore 105 and a two-part heat curedsilicone elastomer 120. Additionally,seismic streamer casing 100′ includes aintermediate layer 115, defining a tiecoat that is utilized to enhance the bonding between the silicone elastomer and the outer surface of the flexible material composition which formstubing 110. Thistiecoat 115 is a commercially available product which increases the bonding strength and toughness of the silicone elastomer. The use of one or more tiecoating layers may be combined with physical surface modification to further enhance adhesion between the layers. However, the flexibility of the material oftubing 110, as compared to the rigid substrates to which silicone elastomers have conventionally been applied as anti-biofouling coatings, requires the tiecoat composition to be equally flexible. Thus, the tiecoat compositions conventionally used in marine applications have not been found to be suitable for use in preparing seismic streamer casings, as they to not have the necessary flexibility. Tiecoat compositions formed by urethane or polyurethane based adhesive compositions may be used astiecoat 115. - Turning now to
FIG. 4 , there is shown a block diagram of the method of manufacturing the seismic streamer casing of the instant invention. Instep 200, the flexible tubing is provided. As previously discussed, the polyurethane tubing is currently the commonly used material for seismic streamers. The tubing may be provided in predetermined lengths, i.e. 40 to 15,000 meters, for direct use by an end user. Alternately, the tubing may be provided in greater lengths and subsequently cut to the desired length subsequent to the curing process. If the flexible tubing is to be pretreated, which improves the bonding strength between the flexible tubing and the elastomer, the next step is 210, otherwise the process jumps to step 220. - In
step 210 the flexible tubing is pretreated in order to improve the bonding between the flexible tubing and the silicone elastomer coating. The pretreatment consists of the use of mechanical or chemical means to modify the physical surface characteristics of the flexible tubing. Mechanical surface preparation may include etching of the surface by abrasion, laser ablation, particulate or fluid blasting, or plasma treatment. Chemical etchents, applied by a number of well known techniques, may also be utilized to physically alter the surface characteristics of the flexible tubing. The pretreatment process ofstep 210 may additionally or alternately include the application of tiecoat layer as a primer. - In
step 220, the two parts A and B of the silicone elastomer are mixed. The parts A and B of the elastomer represent a polysiloxane polymer and a platinum catalyst. Suitable silicone elastomers for the practice of the instant invention are available from Dow Corning Corporation having the designation Silastic 590, 591, 592, 593, 594 and 595 and the General Electric Company having the designations SLE 5100, SLE 5300, SLE 5400, SLE 5500, and SLE 5600. - In
step 230, the mixed silicone elastomer is coated on the flexible tubing. The methods for coating the tubing with the mixed silicone elastomer, to be discussed in following paragraphs, include spraying, brushing, dip coating, extrusion and flow coating. The coating process is enhanced by the pressurization of the tubing so that the flexible tubing maintains a constant and uniform contour throughout its length as it undergoes the coating process. Subsequent to coating, the coated tubing, instep 240, is exposed to heat for a predetermined time period, within the range of 1 to 30 minutes at a temperature in the range of 200 to 500 degrees Fahrenheit, to promote and/or accelerate the curing of the silicone elastomer coating. - Referring now to
FIG. 5 , there is shown a block diagram of a manufacturing process for producing the seismic streamer casing of the present invention. The process begins with the supply offlexible tubing 300 which, owing to the long lengths of the tubing required, is provided wound about a spool. The tubing is unwound from the spool and may be pretreated in order to increase the adhesion between the surface of the tubing and the silicone elastomer that will be subsequently applied.Pretreatment 310 can take a number of forms, as previously discussed. In one working embodiment of the method of the present invention, a plasma treatment was utilized to prepare the surface of a polyurethane tubing substrate. The outer surface of the tubing is passed in proximity to a plurality of symmetrically disposed electrodes wherein it is exposed to a high voltage corona discharge. - Subsequent to the pretreatment step, the ends of the tubing are sealed in
step 320 and the tubing pressurized so that it maintains a uniform cylindrical contour as it is being processed to apply the elastomer coating thereto. The pressurization of the flexible tubing aids in maintaining a circular cross sectional contour of the tubing as it is coated, thereby providing uniformity of that processing by virtue of the geometry of the tubing. The silicone elastomer is applied instep 330. While any of the aforesaid methods of silicone elastomer coating application may be utilized, a variation of a dip coating process has been successfully used to coat the pretreated polyurethane tubing substrate, and will be discussed with respect to the process illustrated inFIG. 7 in following paragraphs. - Subsequent to the application of the silicone elastomer in the
step 330, the coated tubing is then moved through a curing oven, instep 340, to heat the silicone elastomer to promote and/or accelerate the curing thereof. The curing oven heats the silicone elastomer to a temperature within the range of 200 to 500 degrees Fahrenheit and for a time period within the range of 1 to 30 minutes. - An alternate arrangement of the manufacturing process is shown in
FIG. 6 . InFIG. 6 , the tubing sealing andpressurization step 320 is carried out while the flexible tubing is still substantially wound on the reel. By this manufacturing method, the pressurization of the flexible tubing occurs prior to thepretreatment step 310. The pressurization of the flexible tubing acts to ensure that the surface treatment occurs uniformly about the surface of the tubing by maintaining the cross sectional contour of the tubing substantially constant, as it does during the coating process. The uniformity of the physical surface treatment contributes to the improved adhesion between the flexible tubing and the silicone elastomer. Therefore, it can be seen that the pressurization of the tubing substrate is important to the processing of the flexible tubing to produce an anti-biofouling seismic streamer casing. Thesubsequent pretreatment 310,silicone elastomer application 330 and heat curing processes 340 are identical to those previously described. - In
FIG. 7 , an exemplary manufacturing process for seismic streamer casings is shown schematically. The process for providing the seismic streamers of the instant invention is a continuous process for sequentially carrying out the steps of the inventive method described herein. In the particular manufacturing process implemented inFIG. 7 , theflexible tubing 412 being processed is wound on asupply spool 410. Prior to initiating the process, the opposing ends of the tubing, while on the spool, are sealed and tubing pressurized from a pressurizedfluid source 400. Pressurized fluid source may be a air compressor or bottled source of compressed gas, such as nitrogen, or air. The pressurized fluid may be a liquid as well. The use of a liquid to pressurize the tubing may add additional steps of draining the fluid and drying the interior of the tubing, unless the liquid is the seismic streamer oil or a compatible liquid. - The pressurized
flexible tubing 412 is first passed through apretreatment chamber 420. As discussed earlier, one method of pretreatment that has been successfully utilized is a plasma treatment, however, other methods of physically altering the surface such as abrasion, laser abolition, and chemical etching may also be utilized. The treatedtubing 422 moves from thepretreatment chamber 420 to acoating tank 430. The treatedtubing 422 moves vertically through thecoating tank 430, passing through a seal located at the bottom end of the tank.Coating tank 430 is supplied from anelastomer supply 440 wherein the parts A and B are mixed prior to their passage to thecoating tank 430. - The
coated tubing 432 continues vertically to a curingoven 450, wherein the tubing is maintained at the proper curing temperature, within the range of 200 to 500 degrees Fahrenheit, for the time period necessary to cure the silicone elastomer. Thus, if the required curing time is 20 minutes and the tubing is displaced at the rate of 1 foot per minute, the curing oven will have an overall height of approximately 20 feet to allow the tubing to have an adequate exposure to the curing temperatures. From curingoven 450, theseismic streamer casing 452 is provided to a windingspool 460 for subsequent transport to an end user. Thesupply spool 410 may carry an overall length of tubing for a single streamer, or a sufficient quantity for multiple streamers. Where the supply spool carries material for multiple streamers, a cutting operation may be interposed between the curingoven 450 and windingspool 460, such that each of a plurality of windingspools 460 are provided with a single seismic streamer casing wound thereon. - Although this invention has been described in connection with specific forms and embodiments thereof, it will be appreciated that various modifications other than those discussed above may be resorted to without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Equivalent elements or process steps may be substituted for those specifically shown and described, certain features may be used independently of other features, and in certain cases, particular locations of elements or sequence of process steps may be reversed or interposed, all without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (17)
1. A seismic streamer casing comprising a flexible tubing coated with a layer of a two part heat cured silicone elastomer to provide anti-biofouling therefore.
2. The streamer casing as recited in claim 1 wherein said flexible tubing is formed of polyurethane.
3. A method of forming a seismic streamer casing comprising the steps of:
a. providing a flexible tubing;
b. mixing together two parts of a two part silicone elastomer;
c. coating said mixed two part silicone elastomer on said flexible tubing; and,
d. heating said coated flexible tubing.
4. The method as recited in claim 3 , wherein the step of providing flexible tubing includes the step of pre-treating a surface of said flexible tubing.
5. The method as recited in claim 4 , wherein the step of pre-treating is preceded by the step of pressurizing said flexible tubing.
6. The method as recited in claim 4 , wherein the step of pre-treating includes the step of forming a roughened surface on said flexible tubing.
7. The method as recited in claim 3 , wherein the step of coating is preceded by the step of pressurizing said flexible tubing.
8. The method as recited in claim 3 , wherein the step of coating includes the step of spraying said mixed two part silicone elastomer on said flexible tubing.
9. The method as recited in claim 3 , wherein the step of coating includes the step of brushing said mixed two part silicone elastomer on said flexible tubing.
10. The method as recited in claim 3 , wherein the step of coating includes the step of dip coating said mixed two part silicone elastomer on said flexible tubing.
11. The method as recited in claim 10 , wherein the step of dip coating includes the step of passing said flexible tubing substantially vertically through a reservoir of said mixed two part silicone elastomer.
12. The method as recited in claim 3 , wherein the step of coating includes the step of flow coating said mixed two part silicone elastomer on said flexible tubing.
13. The method as recited in claim 7 , wherein the step of coating includes the step of spraying said mixed two part silicone elastomer on said flexible tubing.
14. The method as recited in claim 7 , wherein the step of coating includes the step of brushing said mixed two part silicone elastomer on said flexible tubing.
15. The method as recited in claim 7 , wherein the step of coating includes the step of dip coating said mixed two part silicone elastomer on said flexible tubing.
16. The method as recited in claim 7 , wherein the step of coating includes the step of flow coating said mixed two part silicone elastomer on said flexible tubing.
17. The method as recited in claim 14 , wherein the step of dip coating includes the step of passing said flexible tubing substantially vertically through a reservoir of said mixed two part silicone elastomer.
Priority Applications (9)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/879,069 US20060002234A1 (en) | 2004-06-30 | 2004-06-30 | Anti-biofouling seismic streamer casing and method of manufacture |
CN200580022216.7A CN1984773A (en) | 2004-06-30 | 2005-06-30 | Anti-biofouling seismic streamer casing and method of manufacture |
EP05769470.5A EP1774365B1 (en) | 2004-06-30 | 2005-06-30 | Anti-biofouling seismic streamer casing and method of manufacture |
PCT/US2005/023717 WO2006005045A2 (en) | 2004-06-30 | 2005-06-30 | Anti-biofouling seismic streamer casing and method of manufacture |
TW094122129A TWI326087B (en) | 2004-06-30 | 2005-06-30 | Anti-biofouling seismic streamer casing and method of manufacture |
CA2571600A CA2571600C (en) | 2004-06-30 | 2005-06-30 | Anti-biofouling seismic streamer casing and method of manufacture |
AU2005260750A AU2005260750A1 (en) | 2004-06-30 | 2005-06-30 | Anti-biofouling seismic streamer casing and method of manufacture |
JP2007519517A JP2008506928A (en) | 2004-06-30 | 2005-06-30 | Seismic streamer assembly for preventing biofouling and method for forming the same |
US11/464,247 US7835222B2 (en) | 2004-06-30 | 2006-08-14 | Anti-biofouling seismic streamer casing and method of manufacture |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US10/879,069 US20060002234A1 (en) | 2004-06-30 | 2004-06-30 | Anti-biofouling seismic streamer casing and method of manufacture |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US11/464,247 Division US7835222B2 (en) | 2004-06-30 | 2006-08-14 | Anti-biofouling seismic streamer casing and method of manufacture |
Publications (1)
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US20060002234A1 true US20060002234A1 (en) | 2006-01-05 |
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Family Applications (2)
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US10/879,069 Abandoned US20060002234A1 (en) | 2004-06-30 | 2004-06-30 | Anti-biofouling seismic streamer casing and method of manufacture |
US11/464,247 Active 2024-09-20 US7835222B2 (en) | 2004-06-30 | 2006-08-14 | Anti-biofouling seismic streamer casing and method of manufacture |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US11/464,247 Active 2024-09-20 US7835222B2 (en) | 2004-06-30 | 2006-08-14 | Anti-biofouling seismic streamer casing and method of manufacture |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
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US (2) | US20060002234A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1774365B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2008506928A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1984773A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2005260750A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2571600C (en) |
TW (1) | TWI326087B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2006005045A2 (en) |
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US9250342B2 (en) * | 2008-07-28 | 2016-02-02 | Sercel | Seismic streamer formed of sections comprising a main sheath covered with an external sheath formed using a thermoplastic material loaded with a biocide material |
US20100020644A1 (en) * | 2008-07-28 | 2010-01-28 | Sercel | Seismic streamer formed of sections comprising a main sheath covered with an external sheath formed using a thermoplastic material loaded with a biocide material |
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US20100061189A1 (en) * | 2008-09-09 | 2010-03-11 | Andre Stenzel | Sensor streamer having two-layer jacket |
US7693005B2 (en) | 2008-09-09 | 2010-04-06 | Pgs Geophysical As | Sensor streamer having two-layer jacket |
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US20110174207A1 (en) * | 2010-01-21 | 2011-07-21 | Pgs Geophysical As | System and method for using copper coating to prevent marine growth on towed geophysical equipment |
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US9857487B2 (en) | 2012-10-01 | 2018-01-02 | Westerngeco Llc | Solid marine seismic streamers |
US10371846B2 (en) | 2013-03-04 | 2019-08-06 | Cgg Services Sas | Antifouling protective skin section for seismic survey equipment and related methods |
US20140376329A1 (en) * | 2013-06-19 | 2014-12-25 | Cgg Services Sa | Systems and methods for reducing marine fouling |
US9482783B2 (en) * | 2013-06-19 | 2016-11-01 | Cgg Services Sa | Systems and methods for reducing marine fouling |
US20170097442A1 (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2017-04-06 | Cgg Services Sas | Protective cover and related method |
US10215871B2 (en) | 2015-09-01 | 2019-02-26 | Pgs Geophysical As | Method and system of suppressing data corresponding to noise using a model of noise propagation along a sensor streamer |
US10234584B2 (en) * | 2015-09-01 | 2019-03-19 | Pgs Geophysical As | Method and system of inducing vibrations onto a sensor streamer |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2006005045A2 (en) | 2006-01-12 |
EP1774365B1 (en) | 2019-01-09 |
JP2008506928A (en) | 2008-03-06 |
US7835222B2 (en) | 2010-11-16 |
CA2571600A1 (en) | 2006-01-12 |
WO2006005045A3 (en) | 2006-05-04 |
TW200603182A (en) | 2006-01-16 |
CA2571600C (en) | 2012-02-21 |
TWI326087B (en) | 2010-06-11 |
CN1984773A (en) | 2007-06-20 |
US20070201307A1 (en) | 2007-08-30 |
EP1774365A2 (en) | 2007-04-18 |
EP1774365A4 (en) | 2013-06-12 |
AU2005260750A1 (en) | 2006-01-12 |
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