US20060013248A1 - Switching device interfaces - Google Patents
Switching device interfaces Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20060013248A1 US20060013248A1 US11/084,217 US8421705A US2006013248A1 US 20060013248 A1 US20060013248 A1 US 20060013248A1 US 8421705 A US8421705 A US 8421705A US 2006013248 A1 US2006013248 A1 US 2006013248A1
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- Prior art keywords
- physical interface
- interface
- physical
- interfaces
- switching
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q3/00—Selecting arrangements
- H04Q3/0016—Arrangements providing connection between exchanges
- H04Q3/0025—Provisions for signalling
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L49/00—Packet switching elements
- H04L49/55—Prevention, detection or correction of errors
- H04L49/552—Prevention, detection or correction of errors by ensuring the integrity of packets received through redundant connections
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
- H04L69/40—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass for recovering from a failure of a protocol instance or entity, e.g. service redundancy protocols, protocol state redundancy or protocol service redirection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/54—Store-and-forward switching systems
- H04L12/56—Packet switching systems
- H04L12/5601—Transfer mode dependent, e.g. ATM
- H04L2012/5625—Operations, administration and maintenance [OAM]
- H04L2012/5627—Fault tolerance and recovery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L49/00—Packet switching elements
- H04L49/30—Peripheral units, e.g. input or output ports
- H04L49/3009—Header conversion, routing tables or routing tags
Abstract
A device is switched from a first physical interface on the device to a second physical interface on the device based on information in an interface redundancy group. The information in the interface redundancy group identifies the first physical interface as a primary interface for the device and the second physical interface as a secondary interface for the device.
Description
- This invention relates generally to interfaces on a network device.
- Network devices have physical interfaces that are subject to failure. When such an interface fails, a network device can be cut-off from the network. This is particularly problematic in the case of a router, where failure of a single physical interface can make a whole branch of the network inaccessible to other devices.
- In one aspect of the invention, a device is switched from a first physical interface on the device (for example, a failed interface) to a second physical interface on the device based on information in an interface redundancy group. The information in the interface redundancy group identifies the first physical interface as a primary interface for the device and the second physical interface as a secondary interface for the device.
- The foregoing aspect of the invention may include one or more of the following features/functions.
- The interface redundancy group may include information defining the primary interface for the device and one or more secondary interfaces for the device. An event may be detected at the first physical interface, and switching may be performed in response to the event. The event may comprise a failure of the first physical interface. The first physical interface may be associated with a driver and a signaling stack, and the failure of the first physical interface may comprise a failure of the driver and/or the signaling stack. The driver and the signaling stack may be monitored in order to detect failures therein. The event may comprise receipt of a slot failure at the first physical interface.
- Prior to switching, the second physical interface may operate in a passive mode during which the second physical interface is dormant. Prior to switching, the second physical interface may operate in an active mode during which the second physical interface is communicating over a network. The first physical interface may support one or more network layer interfaces. Following switching, the second physical interface may support the one or more network layer interfaces formerly supported by the first physical interface. The first and second physical interfaces may comprise asynchronous transfer mode (“ATM”) physical interfaces. The first and second physical interfaces may be resident on a single network router.
- Following switching, the second physical-interface may assume responsibilities of the first physical interface. These responsibilities may include routing and/or bridging functions. Following switching, the second physical interface may be configured in a same manner as the first physical interface was configured prior to switching. The device may include a third physical interface, and the interface redundancy group may identify the third physical interface as a tertiary interface. The device may be switched from the second physical interface to the third physical interface in response to an event. Following switching, the third physical interface may assume responsibilities of the first and second physical interfaces. These responsibilities may include routing and/or bridging functions.
- In another aspect, physical interfaces on a single device are switched by designating a physical interface on the device as a high priority physical interface, and determining if the high priority physical interface is available. The device is switched from a lower priority physical interface to the high priority physical interface when the high priority physical interface is available.
- The foregoing aspect of the invention may include one or more of the following features/functions. Switching may be performed automatically in response to the high priority interface being available. The high priority physical interface may be monitored to determine if the high priority physical interface is available.
- In another aspect, a device is switched from a first ATM physical interface on the device to a second ATM physical interface on the device based on information in an interface redundancy group. The information in the interface redundancy group identifies the first ATM physical interface as a primary interface for the device and the second ATM physical interface as a secondary interface for the device. ATM network layer interfaces are established over the second physical interface that correspond to ATM network layer interfaces that were established over the first ATM physical interface prior to switching.
- This brief summary has been provided so that the nature of the invention can be understood quickly. A detailed description of illustrative embodiments of the invention is set forth below.
-
FIG. 1 shows a network system, which includes a router having switchable physical interfaces. -
FIG. 2 shows virtual circuits supported by the physical interfaces on the router. -
FIG. 3 is a flow diagram showing a process for switching a physical interface on the router in “passive” mode. -
FIG. 4 shows an alternative connection of the virtual circuits to the physical interfaces on the router. -
FIG. 5 is a flow diagram showing a process for switching a physical interface on the router in “active” mode. -
FIG. 6 shows the configuration of the virtual circuits after the switching performed inFIG. 5 . -
FIG. 7 is a flow diagram showing a process for switching a physical interface on the router based on priority. -
FIG. 8 shows a router having three physical interfaces and redundancy groups therefor. - Referring to
FIG. 1 , anetwork system 10 is shown.Network system 10 includesrouter 12,switches workstations network 24. - Network 24 is an asynchronous transfer mode (“ATM”) wide area network (“WAN”). ATM is a connection-oriented protocol, meaning that connections are established between devices before data and/or communications can be transmitted between the devices. The network layer interface comprises virtual circuits, over which data packets (in ATM parlance, “cells”) are transmitted among devices coupled to
network 24, such asrouter 12 andswitches network 24. - Switches 14 and 16
interface workstations network 24. Eachswitch network 24 and a corresponding workstation.Workstations network 24, processing cells, and transmitting cells tonetwork 24. -
Router 12 is a computer or other device that transmits packets/cells amongworkstations network 24. For example,router 12 receives cells/packets fromworkstation 18 and, based on information in those cells/packets, routes the cells/packets to eitherworkstation 20 or 22 (through an intervening switch and other hardware on network 24). - ATM
physical interfaces router 12 for interfacing tonetwork 24. Although only two such interfaces are shown, any number may be provided. Insystem 10 ofFIG. 1 , one of the interfaces (e.g., 26 a) is designated as the primary interface forrouter 12 and the other (e.g., 26 b) is designated as the secondary (or backup) interface. When the primaryphysical interface 26 a fails, the secondary physical interface. 26 b is switched in to take its place. A process to accomplish this is described below. -
Physical interfaces router 12. One or more network layer interfaces are established byrouter 12 over eachphysical interface network 24.ATM line drivers physical interfaces - Included in
router 12 are aprocessor 34 and amemory 36 connected by bus 38 (see view 40).Memory 36stores routing engines interface switching code 44, and signalingstacks Processor 34 executes instructions in this code to causerouter 12 to perform the functions described below.Memory 36 also stores interface redundancy group information 48 (described below). - Signaling stacks 46 a and 46 b are blocks of code, associated with corresponding
physical interfaces physical interface - Routing
engine 42 a routes cells overphysical interface 26 a androuting engine 42 b routes cells overphysical interface 26 b. Routingengines - Interface
redundancy group information 48 defines which physical interface is the primary interface (e.g., 26 a) and which is the secondary interface (e.g., 26 b). This information may be input manually atrouter 12 via configuration software such as Site Managers or Bay Command Consoles (“BCC”). This software is used by network administrators to configure network devices. Alternatively, interfaceredundancy group information 48 may be downloaded from a remote location such asnetwork 24 orworkstation 18 or set viainterface switching code 44. - Interface
redundancy group information 48 includes user-defined redundancy groups. These redundancy groups assign priority to the interfaces. In the case of a two-interface router, such asrouter 12, there are two possible groups. For example,physical interface 26 a is configured as the primary interface andphysical interface 26 b is configured as the secondary interface. The routing engine for each interface is configured to know the role of the interface in each redundancy group. Representative code to configure routing engines is provided in the Appendix. - In routers with more than two physical interfaces, interface redundancy groups become more complicated. Table 1 shows an example of redundancy groups for a router having four physical interfaces “
Interface 1”, “Interface 2”, “Interface 3” and “Interface 4” (not shown).TABLE 1 Redundancy Primary Secondary Tertiary Group Interface Interface Interface 1 Interface 1Interface 2Interface 32 Interface 2Interface 1Interface 33 Interface 4Interface 3—
For example, in redundancy group “1”, “Interface 1” acts as the primary interface; “Interface 2” acts as the secondary (first backup) interface and is used if. “Interface 1” fails; and “Interface 3” acts as the tertiary (or second backup) interface and is used if both “Interfaces 1” and “Interface 2” fail. - Detecting physical interface failure and switching from a primary to a secondary physical interface (or from a secondary to a tertiary physical interface, etc.) is performed by
interface switching code 44. The operation ofinterface switching code 44 differs depending upon whether the secondary interface is in passive mode or active mode. - Passive Mode
- In passive mode, prior to switching, the secondary interface is dormant. That is, the secondary interface is not driving/receiving signals to/from
network 24. Passive mode may be set as the default mode ofrouter 12 using Site Manager® or BCC®. - Referring to
FIG. 2 , a graphical representation of passive mode is shown. InFIG. 2 ,physical interface 26 a is configured as the primary interface andphysical interface 26 b is configured as the secondary interface in passive mode. This configuration is set in interfaceredundancy group information 48. InFIG. 2 ,lines 54 a to 54 h represent connections maintained by primaryphysical interface 26 a and lines 56 a to 56 h represent connections that are maintained by secondaryphysical interface 26 b aftersecondary interface 26 b-takes over the role ofprimary interface 26 b. - Referring to
FIG. 3 , aninterface switching process 56 is shown.Interface switching process 56 is performed byinterface switching code 44 to switch from primaryphysical interface 26 a to secondaryphysical interface 26 b.Process 56 monitors 58 primaryphysical interface 26 a, including bothdriver 30 a and signaling stack 46 a, for specific “events”. These events can include, but are not limited to, receipt of a slot reset at primaryphysical interface 26 a and/or a failure of primaryphysical interface 26 a, such as a failure ofdriver 30 a and/or signalingstack 46 a. - In response to detecting 60 one of the foregoing events,
process 56switches 62 from primaryphysical interface 26 a to secondaryphysical interface 26 b (in accordance with interface redundancy group information 48).Switching 62 is performed by enablingdriver 30 b for secondaryphysical interface 26 b. Following switching,secondary interface 26 b establishes 63 the network layer interfaces to network 24 (in this example,ELANs 52 a to 52 h), and assumes the responsibilities (including routing and bridging services) ofprimary interface 26 b. Switching between interfaces is performed as quickly as possible, e.g., within thirty seconds of failure or reset. - With
driver 30 b enabled, in 64, signalingstack 46 b transmits cells over secondaryphysical interface 26 b to ELANs 52 a to 52 h. Primaryphysical interface 26 a can be repaired while secondaryphysical interface 26 b performs its functions. - Active Mode
- In active mode, prior to switching, the secondary
physical interface 26 b is already communicating over the network. Following failure of the primaryphysical interface 26 a, thesecondary interface 26 b assumes the responsibilities of theprimary interface 26 a. In particular, upon switching, code in the signaling stack establishes the network layer interfaces (e.g., over ELANs) of theprimary interface 26 a, and assumes the routing and bridging functions of theprimary interface 26 a. - Referring to
FIG. 4 , a graphical representation of active mode is shown. InFIG. 4 ,physical interface 26 a is the primary interface andphysical interface 26 b is the secondary interface in active mode. This configuration is set in interfaceredundancy group information 48. Since secondaryphysical interface 26 b is in active mode, prior to switching, it is providing network layer services over virtual circuits forELANs 52 e to 52 h. Primaryphysical interface 26 a is supporting ELANs 52 a to 52 d. - Referring to
FIG. 5 , aninterface switching process 66 is shown, that is performed byinterface switching code 44 to switch from primaryphysical interface 26 a to secondaryphysical interface 26 b.Interface switching process 66 monitors 68 primaryphysical interface 26 a, including bothdriver 30 a and signaling stack 46 a, for specific events. These events are the same as those noted above for passive mode. - In response to detecting 70 one of the foregoing events,
process 66switches 72 from primaryphysical interface 26 a to secondaryphysical interface 26 b. Switching is performed in the manner described above; that is, enabling and disabling the drivers for the appropriate network interfaces. -
Interface switching process 66 establishes 74, over secondaryphysical interface 26 b, the network layer interfaces (in this case,ELANs 52 a to 52 d) of primaryphysical interface 26 a. Secondaryphysical interface 26 b continues to perform its original routing and bridging functions over ELANs 52 e to 52 h. Now, however, secondaryphysical interface 26 b also performs the routing and bridging functions formerly performed by primaryphysical interface 26 a over ELANs 52 a to 52 d. - With
driver 30 b enabled, and secondaryphysical interface 26 b switched, in 76, signalingstack 46 b transmits cells over secondaryphysical interface 26 b to all of ELANs 52 a to 52 h. This is shown inFIG. 6 . Primaryphysical interface 26 a no longer transmits (hence no lines are shown between this interface and the ELANs inFIG. 6 ). - Switching Based on Priority
- ATM physical interfaces may also be assigned relative priorities and switched on that basis. An option in router. 12 may be set, e.g., by a user, to trigger automatic switching based on priority. The priority information upon which switching is based may be included in interface
redundancy group information 48, for example. - Referring to
FIG. 7 , aprocess 78 is shown that is performed byinterface switching code 44 to switch interfaces based on priority.Process 78 designates 80 any number of physical interfaces on a sliding priority scale, from highest priority to lowest priority. In router 12 (FIG. 2 ), only two physical interfaces are shown. For the sake of illustration, therefore,physical interface 26 a is designated 80 as high priority andphysical interface 26 b is designated 80 as low priority. - Once
physical interfaces Process 78 monitors 82 high priorityphysical interface 26 a to determine if it is up and running. If high priorityphysical interface 26 a is available 84 (i.e., it is not “down”),process 78switches 86 from low priorityphysical interface 26 b to high priorityphysical interface 26 a. As a result, the “best available” interface onrouter 12 is used to provide network layer connections overnetwork 24.Process 60 may be incorporated intoprocesses - As noted above, the invention may be used on routers having more than two physical interfaces. For example, in
FIG. 8 ,router 90 has threephysical interfaces interface redundancy groups Interfaces group 94 andinterfaces group 96. In this example,interface 92 c is a backup forinterfaces interfaces interfaces - Switching in the case of more than two interfaces is performed in the same way as described in
processes - The invention is not limited to the specific hardware and software configurations described herein. For example, the invention can be used outside the context of ATM WANs, and with network devices other than routers. In this regard, it is to be understood that while the invention has been described in conjunction with the detailed description thereof, the foregoing description is intended to illustrate, and not to limit, the scope of the invention. Other aspects, advantages, and modifications are within the scope of the following claims.
Claims (19)
1-94. (canceled)
95. A method of switching between physical interfaces on a device, the method comprising the steps of:
detecting an event at a first physical interface on the device;
switching, in response to the event, from the first physical interface to a second physical interface on the device based on information in an interface redundancy group;
wherein the information in the interface redundancy group identifies the first physical interface as a primary interface for the device and the second physical interface as a secondary interface for the device.
96. The method of claim 95 , wherein the event comprises a failure of the first physical interface.
97. The method of claim 96 , wherein the first physical interface is associated with a driver and a signaling stack, and the failure of the first physical interface comprises a failure of one of the driver or the signaling stack.
98. The method of claim 97 , further comprising monitoring the driver and the signaling stack in order to detect a failure of one of the driver or the signaling stack.
99. The method of claim 95 , wherein the event comprises receipt of a slot failure at the first physical interface.
100. The method of claim 95 , wherein the first and second physical interfaces comprise asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) physical interfaces.
101. The method of claim 95 , further comprising the steps of:
monitoring availability of the first physical interface; and
switching from the second physical interface to the first physical interface once the first physical interface becomes available.
102. The method of claim 101 , wherein the switching is performed automatically in response to the first physical interface becoming available.
103. A method of preferentially switching between prioritized physical interfaces on a single device, the method comprising the steps of:
designating a first physical interface on the device as a high priority physical interface;
monitoring availability of the high priority physical interface; and
switching from a second physical interface on the device to the high priority physical interface once the high priority physical interface becomes available.
104. The method of claim 103 , wherein the switching is performed automatically in response to the high priority physical interface becoming available.
105. The method of claim 103 , further comprising the steps of:
designating a the second physical interface on the device as a moderate priority physical interface;
monitoring availability of the moderate priority physical interface; and
switching from a third physical interface on the device to either the high priority physical interface once the high priority physical interface becomes available or the moderate priority physical interface once the moderate priority physical interface becomes available.
106. The method of claim 103 , wherein the first and second physical interfaces comprise asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) physical interfaces.
107. The method of claim 103 , wherein the first physical interface is defined as the primary interface for the device.
108. An apparatus which preferentially switches between prioritized physical interfaces, the apparatus comprising:
plural physical interfaces; and
a processor which executes instructions to:
designate a first physical interface on the apparatus as a high priority physical interface;
monitor availability of the high priority physical interface; and
switch from a second physical interface on the device to the high priority physical interface once the high priority physical interface becomes available.
109. The apparatus of claim 108 , wherein the switch is performed automatically in response to the high priority physical interface becoming available.
110. The apparatus of claim 108 , wherein the processor further executes instructions to:
designate the second physical interface on the device as a moderate priority physical interface;
monitor availability of the moderate priority physical interface; and
switch from a third physical interface on the device to either the high priority physical interface once the high priority physical interface becomes available or the moderate priority physical interface once the moderate priority physical interface becomes available.
111. The apparatus of claim 108 , wherein the first and second physical interfaces comprise asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) physical interfaces.
112. The apparatus of claim 108 , wherein the first physical interface is defined as the primary interface for the device.
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US09/374,460 US6906998B1 (en) | 1999-08-13 | 1999-08-13 | Switching device interfaces |
US11/084,217 US20060013248A1 (en) | 1999-08-13 | 2005-03-18 | Switching device interfaces |
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US20050018673A1 (en) * | 2003-07-21 | 2005-01-27 | Dropps Frank R. | Method and system for using extended fabric features with fibre channel switch elements |
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US20050018701A1 (en) * | 2003-07-21 | 2005-01-27 | Dropps Frank R. | Method and system for routing fibre channel frames |
US20050174936A1 (en) * | 2004-02-05 | 2005-08-11 | Betker Steven M. | Method and system for preventing deadlock in fibre channel fabrics using frame priorities |
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US20060072473A1 (en) * | 2004-10-01 | 2006-04-06 | Dropps Frank R | High speed fibre channel switch element |
US20060072580A1 (en) * | 2004-10-01 | 2006-04-06 | Dropps Frank R | Method and system for transferring data drectly between storage devices in a storage area network |
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