US20060032869A1 - Beverage dispensing apparatus - Google Patents
Beverage dispensing apparatus Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20060032869A1 US20060032869A1 US11/198,893 US19889305A US2006032869A1 US 20060032869 A1 US20060032869 A1 US 20060032869A1 US 19889305 A US19889305 A US 19889305A US 2006032869 A1 US2006032869 A1 US 2006032869A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- beer
- nozzle
- liquid
- valve
- dispensing
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B67—OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
- B67D—DISPENSING, DELIVERING OR TRANSFERRING LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B67D1/00—Apparatus or devices for dispensing beverages on draught
- B67D1/08—Details
- B67D1/12—Flow or pressure control devices or systems, e.g. valves, gas pressure control, level control in storage containers
- B67D1/127—Froth control
- B67D1/1272—Froth control preventing froth
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B67—OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
- B67D—DISPENSING, DELIVERING OR TRANSFERRING LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B67D1/00—Apparatus or devices for dispensing beverages on draught
- B67D1/08—Details
- B67D1/0857—Cooling arrangements
- B67D1/0858—Cooling arrangements using compression systems
- B67D1/0861—Cooling arrangements using compression systems the evaporator acting through an intermediate heat transfer means
- B67D1/0865—Cooling arrangements using compression systems the evaporator acting through an intermediate heat transfer means by circulating a cooling fluid along beverage supply lines, e.g. pythons
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B67—OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
- B67D—DISPENSING, DELIVERING OR TRANSFERRING LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B67D1/00—Apparatus or devices for dispensing beverages on draught
- B67D1/08—Details
- B67D1/12—Flow or pressure control devices or systems, e.g. valves, gas pressure control, level control in storage containers
- B67D1/1256—Anti-dripping devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B67—OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
- B67D—DISPENSING, DELIVERING OR TRANSFERRING LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B67D1/00—Apparatus or devices for dispensing beverages on draught
- B67D1/08—Details
- B67D1/12—Flow or pressure control devices or systems, e.g. valves, gas pressure control, level control in storage containers
- B67D1/127—Froth control
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B67—OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
- B67D—DISPENSING, DELIVERING OR TRANSFERRING LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B67D1/00—Apparatus or devices for dispensing beverages on draught
- B67D1/08—Details
- B67D1/12—Flow or pressure control devices or systems, e.g. valves, gas pressure control, level control in storage containers
- B67D1/14—Reducing valves or control taps
- B67D1/1405—Control taps
- B67D1/1411—Means for controlling the build-up of foam in the container to be filled
- B67D1/1422—Means for controlling the build-up of foam in the container to be filled comprising foam avoiding means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B67—OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
- B67D—DISPENSING, DELIVERING OR TRANSFERRING LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B67D1/00—Apparatus or devices for dispensing beverages on draught
- B67D1/08—Details
- B67D1/12—Flow or pressure control devices or systems, e.g. valves, gas pressure control, level control in storage containers
- B67D1/14—Reducing valves or control taps
- B67D1/1405—Control taps
- B67D1/145—Control taps comprising a valve shutter movable in a direction perpendicular to the valve seat
- B67D1/1455—Control taps comprising a valve shutter movable in a direction perpendicular to the valve seat the valve shutter being opened in the same direction as the liquid flow
Abstract
A removable nozzle for attachment to a conventional faucet of a beverage dispensing device to permit the dispensing of a pressurized beverages at a high flow rate without producing excessive foaming comprising a streamlined valve assembly and a downward extending nozzle assembly which permits a range of containers to be filled from the bottom.
Description
- This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.10/639,771 filed on Aug. 11, 2003, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/388,907 filed on Mar. 13, 2003.
- The present invention relates to a nozzle for dispensing carbonated or pressurized beverages, and more specifically to a removable nozzle for adapting a conventional carbonated beverage faucet to dispense carbonated or pressurized beverages at high flow rates with minimal foaming.
- Pressurized beverages, such as beer, are produced in a manner that the beverage contains a certain amount of dissolved gas, typically carbon dioxide (CO2). While a certain amount of dissolved CO2 occurs naturally in the beer brewing and fermentation process, most large commercial breweries dissolve additional CO2 into their product. Adding additional CO2 serves two main purposes for the commercial breweries. First, from a quality control standpoint, all the beer produced can be modified to contain the same amount of CO2. Second, the additional CO2 gives the beer a more effervescent quality, which is perceived by the consumer as having better crispness and flavor.
- Beer produced by most major breweries contains between 10 and 15 psi (68950 and 103425 Newtons per square meter) of dissolved CO2. Since atmospheric levels of CO2 are substantially smaller, beer has a tendency to release some of its dissolved CO2 when exposed to the ambient atmosphere. Due to the complex chemical makeup of beer, foam tends to form when this dissolved CO2 comes out of solution.
- Additional parameters contributing to the amount of foam occurring in beer include temperature and turbulence. The physical properties of liquids dictate that the higher the liquid temperature, the lower its capacity for dissolved gasses. Thus, the greater the temperature of beer, the greater the tendency for its dissolved gasses to come out of solution and the greater the tendency of the beer to foam. Turbulence and other forms of agitation produce regions of sudden, extreme pressure variation within the beer that cause CO2 to come out of solution in the form of foam.
- While much of the beer produced by the major commercial breweries tends to be packaged in bottles and cans, a large volume of beer is also packaged in large, sealed containers known as kegs. Kegs are reusable and refillable aluminum containers that allow for efficient, sanitary handling, storage and dispensing of typically 15.5 gallons (58.7 liters) of beer. Beer packaged into kegs, called keg beer, is commonly served at bars, taverns, night clubs, stadiums, festivals and large parties.
- Dispensing keg beer into open containers for consumption requires specialized equipment. The beer dispensing faucet (commonly called the beer tap) comprises a valve and a spout for controlling and directing the flow of beer into an open container. Beer often foams as it is dispensed from conventional faucets. One cause of such foaming is simply the pressure differential between CO2 dissolved in the beer and CO2 present in the ambient atmosphere; CO2 will naturally be released from the beer when the beer is exposed to the atmosphere. Another cause of such foaming is the turbulent nature by which beer is dispensed from conventional faucets; even when dispensed carefully, beer splashes onto the walls and bottom of the container and foam results.
- A small amount of foam is often desirable. Beer that has not been stored properly often loses its dissolved CO2 to the atmosphere and is considered to be flat. Thus, a small amount of foam indicates to the consumer that the beer is fresh. Additionally, beer marketers have been successful in portraying the perfect container of beer as possessing a frothy layer of foam. On the other hand, too much foam is undesirable to the consumer and the beverage vendor. Since foam fills up a container with CO2 instead of with liquid beer, excessive amounts of foam leave the consumer dissatisfied, often to the point of requesting a new container be served. Knowing this, vendors are left with two choices. They can partially fill a container, wait for the foam to dissipate and then add additional beer, a time-consuming process. Alternatively, they can pour out excess foam as they are filling the container, wasting beer in the process.
- Since excessive foaming is problematic for both the consumer and the vendor, attempts have been made to design beer dispensing systems that are installed and configured in a manner that ideally achieves optimal amounts of foam in the dispensing process. In addition to maintaining the beer at a constant, cold temperature throughout the dispensing process, conventional beer dispensing systems are configured to pour beer at a slow enough flow rate that beer exits the faucet at a velocity that does not cause foaming when the beer impacts the container.
- Conventional systems are optimized for a flow rate of one U.S. gallon (3.785 liters) per minute. While such a flow rate is suitable for most low-volume dispensing applications, there are many situations in which it would be beneficial for both the vendor and the consumer if beer could be dispensed more quickly while still maintaining optimal amounts of foam. At busy bars, taverns, festivals, large parties and stadiums, consumers often must wait in long lines before being served. Under these circumstances, it would be desirable for both the vendor and the consumer for beer to be dispensed more quickly.
- Previous beer dispensing systems have been designed to dispense beer more quickly than the standard one U.S. gallon per minute flow rate. One drawback with these systems is that they typically employ elaborate electronic control mechanisms, making them expensive to manufacture and maintain. Additionally, some of these systems employ the use of a reservoir near the point of the faucet making the devices large and difficult to clean. Moreover, the retrofit of such devices onto existing bar tops can be difficult and expensive.
- The present invention is directed to a beverage dispensing device for dispensing pressurized beverages at a flow rate substantially higher than prior mechanical tap apparatus without producing excessive foaming. It can be implemented as a purely mechanical device so as to keep manufacturing and maintenance costs low. In addition, the present invention can be implemented without the use of reservoirs at or near the point of dispensing, thus facilitating cleaning and retrofitting to existing bar tops.
- In a preferred embodiment, the present invention comprises a beverage dispensing apparatus for dispensing a pressurized beverage comprising a nozzle through which the pressurized beverage at least initially exits at atmospheric conditions having an internal passageway, a liquid receiving end adapted to attach as the end element of a pressurized beverage dispensing system, and a liquid dispensing end that dispenses the pressurized beverage at least initially to atmospheric conditions, wherein the cross-sectional area of the internal passageway of the nozzle decreases from the liquid receiving end to the liquid dispensing end. The nozzle is adapted at its liquid receiving end to removably and sealingly fit to the end of a conventional carbonated beverage faucet.
- In another embodiment, the present invention comprises an upward extending neck, a streamlined valve assembly and a downward extending nozzle assembly. The overall shape and size of the device permits a range of containers to be filled from the bottom. Additionally, the nozzle assembly contains a streamlined flow redirecting component that serves to generally radially disperse liquid flow. Thus, the amount of foaming that occurs when beer is dispensed at fast rates is desirably reduced.
- In one embodiment, the horizontal cross-sectional area of the nozzle gradually decreases from the top of the nozzle to the bottom or liquid dispensing end of the nozzle. Preferably, the profile of this decreasing cross-sectional area is consistent with that of a liquid stream falling under the force of gravity in the absence of such a nozzle. A nozzle with this shape ensures that liquid flowing through it remains in substantially continuous contact with the interior wall of the nozzle. In this way, air from the liquid dispensing end of the nozzle is prevented from bubbling up into the nozzle. Additionally, the viscous forces acting between the nozzle interior wall and the liquid flowing through the nozzle serve to counteract the acceleration experienced by the liquid in the nozzle due to gravitational forces.
- In another embodiment of the invention, flow-straightening elements are added to the nozzle which may serve to make the flow of liquid through the nozzle less turbulent. Such elements also increase the amount of surface area across which decelerating viscous forces can take effect.
- In another embodiment of the invention, the device is able to selectively dispense beer at two different flow rates. In such an embodiment a pressure-reducing element is integrated into the device along with a multi-way valve that selectively routes liquid through the pressure-reducing element. When the valve is positioned such that liquid first flows through the pressure reducer before entering the rapid beverage dispensing device, liquid is dispensed at a reduced rate, preferably the optimal rate of conventional beer dispensing faucets. When the valve is positioned such that liquid bypasses the pressure reducer, the rapid beverage dispensing device functions at its faster flow rate.
- Because the rapid beverage dispensing device is capable of dispensing beer at at least twice the flow rate of conventional beer dispensing systems while still achieving optimal levels of foam, it also tends to attract attention from beverage consumers as an object of curiosity. This attraction can be heightened by forming components of the device from transparent material to allow consumers to see the beverage flowing therein.
- Further advantages and features of the embodiments of the present invention will be apparent from the following detailed description of the invention in conjunction with the associated drawings.
-
FIG. 1 is a side elevation view showing the components of a beverage dispensing system with a schematic sectional view of the first embodiment of the rapid beverage dispensing device. -
FIG. 2 is a close-up schematic sectional view of the rapid beverage dispensing device ofFIG. 1 . -
FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a second embodiment of the rapid beverage dispensing device where the neck assembly is replaced by a tall draft dispensing tower. -
FIG. 4 is a close-up schematic sectional view of the valve assembly ofFIG. 2 with the valve shown in the closed position. -
FIG. 5 is a side elevation view of another embodiment of a streamlined valve member for use in the valve assembly ofFIG. 2 . -
FIG. 6 shows a side elevation view of yet another embodiment of a streamlined valve member for use in the valve assembly ofFIG. 2 . -
FIG. 7 is a sectional schematic view of the valve assembly ofFIG. 4 with the valve shown in the open position. -
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the streamlined valve member ofFIG. 4 illustrating the curvature and overall shape of the liquid-facing surface of the valve shoulder. -
FIG. 9 is a cross sectional perspective view of the valve neck and valve shoulder. -
FIG. 10 is a schematic sectional view of a conventional beer dispensing faucet. -
FIG. 11 is an illustration of the gravitational effects on liquid flowing from a conventional faucet. -
FIG. 12 shows a schematic sectional view of another embodiment of the nozzle assembly where the parabolic profile of the nozzle cross sectional area ofFIG. 2 is approximated by nozzle with a linear taper. -
FIG. 13 shows a schematic sectional view of another embodiment of the nozzle assembly where the parabolic profile of the nozzle cross sectional area ofFIG. 2 is approximated by a cylindrical nozzle. -
FIG. 14 is a perspective sectional view of yet another embodiment of the nozzle assembly where the nozzle contains four semicircular flow-straightening channels. -
FIG. 15 is a sectional view of a nozzle assembly containing two semicircular flow-straightening channels. -
FIG. 16 is a sectional view of a nozzle assembly containing six semicircular flow-straightening channels. -
FIG. 17 is a sectional view of a nozzle assembly containing seven circular flow-straightening channels. -
FIG. 18 is a close-up, sectional schematic view of the nozzle assembly ofFIG. 2 with a container present and liquid flow lines indicating the manner in which the flow redirector redirects liquid flow. -
FIG. 19 is a perspective view of the flow redirector ofFIG. 2 . -
FIG. 20 is sectional view of another embodiment of the flow redirector for use in the nozzle assembly ofFIG. 2 . -
FIG. 21 is a sectional view of still another embodiment of the flow redirector for use in the nozzle assembly ofFIG. 2 . -
FIG. 22 is a sectional view of yet another embodiment of the flow redirector for use in the nozzle assembly ofFIG. 2 . -
FIG. 23 is a schematic sectional view of a nozzle assembly with a flow redirector whose position can be longitudinally adjusted. -
FIG. 24 is a schematic sectional view of the nozzle assembly ofFIG. 23 with the flow redirector shown moved to a new position. -
FIG. 25 is a schematic sectional view of the rapid beverage dispensing device containing a conical diffuser within its neck assembly. -
FIG. 26 is a schematic sectional view of the rapid beverage dispensing device shown with a multi-way valve and a pressure reducing element. -
FIG. 27 is a close-up, schematic sectional view of the multi-way valve ofFIG. 26 shown with the valve routing liquid in a manner that bypasses the pressure-reducing element. -
FIG. 28 is a close-up, schematic sectional view of the multi-way valve ofFIG. 26 shown with the valve routing liquid through the pressure-reducing element prior to directing liquid to the rapid beverage dispensing device. -
FIG. 29 is an exploded perspective view of the nozzle assembly using O-rings to attach the nozzle assembly to the spout of a conventional beer dispensing faucet. -
FIG. 30 is a perspective view of a nozzle assembly shown attached to the spout of a conventional beer dispensing faucet. -
FIG. 31 is a perspective view of the nozzle assembly shown attached to the spout of a conventional beer dispensing faucet with a portion of the nozzle assembly cut-away to illustrate an O-ring attachment mechanism. -
FIG. 32 is an enlarged view of a portion ofFIG. 31 showing a partial sectional view of an O-ring attachment mechanism. -
FIG. 33 is an enlarged sectional view of the nozzle assembly ofFIG. 30 illustrating the interior geometry of the nozzle. - As shown in
FIG. 1 , the rapidbeverage dispensing device 35 comprises aneck assembly 36, avalve assembly 37, and a downward-extendingnozzle assembly 38. In a preferred embodiment,neck assembly 36 is substantially vertical. The rapidbeverage dispensing device 35 is designed to attach to a conventional pressurized beverage dispensing system, such as abeer dispensing system 39 that includes abeer keg 40 or similar beverage-containing reservoir andbeverage tubing 41 for conveying a beverage from a container orbeer keg 40 to the rapidbeverage dispensing device 35. Ashank 42 connects the rapidbeverage dispensing device 35 tobeverage tubing 41.Keg tapping device 43 connectsbeverage tubing 41 tobeer keg 40.Draft dispensing tower 44 supportsshank 42. - Beer produced by most major manufacturers in the United States is formulated to be stored and served optimally at approximately 38 degrees Fahrenheit (3.3 degrees Celsius). If the beer is warmer than this optimal temperature, it will tend to release too much carbon dioxide (CO2) when it is dispensed. If the beer is colder than this optimal temperature, it will tend to retain too much CO2 when it is dispensed and have a muted flavor. Since most systems are not able to maintain a precise temperature, a range between 36 and 40 degrees Fahrenheit (2.2 and 4.4 degrees Celsius) is generally considered acceptable. Accordingly, in one embodiment, the
beer dispensing system 39 of the present invention has the ability to cool various elements of the system and maintain these elements within this acceptable temperature range. - As shown in
FIG. 1 , in many dispensing systems beer in thebeverage tubing 41 is kept cold by circulating a cold liquid throughcoolant tubing 45 bundled withbeverage tubing 41. Such systems typically involve refrigerating and circulating glycol through means of aglycol refrigeration device 46 and aglycol pump 47. Alternatively, some systems blow cold air through conduits containing thebeverage tubing 41 as a means of keeping thebeverage tubing 41 cold. - Beer contained in a
beer keg 40 requires an energy source for conveying the beverage from thebeer keg 40 through the entirebeer dispensing system 39 to the rapidbeverage dispensing device 35. Such energy is commonly provided via pressurized gas, typically pressurized CO2. As shown inFIG. 1 in these systems, atank 48 containing pressurized CO2 is connected tobeer keg 40 via apressurized gas hose 49.Pressure regulating device 50 serves as a means to adjust the pressure of the CO2 driving the beer through thebeer dispensing system 39. In systems where a large distance exists between thebeer keg 40 and the rapidbeverage dispensing device 35, a second gas may be used to provide added pressure for moving the beer through thebeverage tubing 41. Pressurized nitrogen (N2) housed innitrogen tank 51 may be used as this second gas.Nitrogen tank 51 is connected tobeer keg 40 via a separatepressurized gas hose 49. A separatepressure regulating device 50 serves as a means to adjust the additional pressure provided by the compressed nitrogen. Some systems are able to extract nitrogen from the air, precluding the need for a separate nitrogen tank. Optionally, in another embodiment, a system may use a mechanical pump (not shown) to provide the energy required to move beer through the system in lieu of, or in addition to, pressurized gas. - The Reynolds number is a dimensionless parameter often used in fluid flow analysis. Fluid moving through round piping or tubing possessing a Reynolds number under 2100 is said to exhibit laminar flow. A system with a Reynolds number greater than 4000 is said to exhibit turbulent flow. A system that is neither laminar nor turbulent is said to exhibit transitional flow characteristics. The Reynolds number can be calculated using the following equation:
-
- where Re=Reynolds number
- ρ=density of the liquid
- V=linear velocity of the liquid
- D=diameter of the tubing
- μ=viscosity of the liquid
- The pressure drop experienced by liquid moving through the rapid
beverage dispensing device 35 is one of several parameters that determine the flow rate at which beer moves through thebeer dispensing system 39. The flow rate is also influenced by the length, diameter and roughness of thebeverage tubing 41, the height differential between thebeer keg 40 and the rapidbeverage dispensing device 35, and the energy provided by the pressurized CO2 and/or N2. In particular, for fully developed laminar liquid flow, the flow rate can be determined according to the following equation: -
- where Q=volumetric flow rate
- D is the diameter of the
beverage tubing 41 - Δρ=the pressure differential between the
beer keg 40 and the rapidbeverage dispensing device 35 - μ=the viscosity of the beer or other liquid being dispensed
- l=the length of
beverage tubing 41 through which the beer flows
- While the target flow rate for conventional beer dispensing faucets is one U.S. gallon (3.785 liters) per minute, the rapid
beverage dispensing device 35 has a target flow rate of at least twice that rate. Regardless of whether beer is flowing at one gallon per minute or three gallons per minute, forbeverage tubing 41 possessing an inside diameter of under 1 inch, flow through thebeverage tubing 41 is rarely completely laminar. Under these circumstances, the following equation applies: -
- where
- hL=head loss between
sections 1 and 2 of the system - f=friction factor (function of
beverage tubing 41 roughness and Reynolds number) - l=length of
beverage tubing 41 - D=diameter of
beverage tubing 41 - V=linear velocity of the fluid
- g=gravitational constant
- Accordingly, as the
beverage tubing 41 connecting thebeer keg 40 to the rapidbeverage dispensing device 35 is lengthened and the diameter of thebeverage tubing 41 is decreased, the amount of energy required from the pressurized CO2 and/or N2 must increase in order to overcome the additional pressure head loss. Additionally, the amount of energy required from the pressurized CO2 must increase in order to increase the velocity of the liquid moving through thebeverage tubing 41. Preferably, thebeer dispensing system 39 is configured to deliver beer at an increased flow rate to the point of theshank 42 permitting the rapidbeverage dispensing device 35 to provide increased pouring capacity compared with conventional systems. -
Neck assembly 36 of the rapidbeverage dispensing device 35 positions and supports the rapidbeverage dispensing device 35 in a manner that allows for the bottom filling of a wide variety of container sizes, ranging from glasses to pitchers. To accommodate the bottom filling of such containers, the distance between thedistal end 52 ofnozzle assembly 38 and the top of abar 53 or other structure directly beneath it is preferably at least as great as the height of the largest container to be filled. Preferably, there should be substantial clearance to allow apitcher 54 to be placed directly beneath thenozzle assembly 38. - One embodiment of the rapid
beverage dispensing device 35 of the present invention is shown in more detail inFIG. 2 . In the embodiment shown inFIG. 2 , thelower end 55 of theneck assembly 36 hasthreads 56 to attach to a standardbeer faucet shank 42 using a standardshank coupling nut 57,compression ring 58 andcompression washer 59, although other methods of attachment, including but not limited to flanges with O-rings and quick-disconnect fittings are contemplated. Additionally,neck assembly 36 may be permanently attached toshank 42 by welding or other means. In a common bar-top installation,shank 42 is attached to a draft dispensingtower column 60. Acoupling gasket 61 is positioned between theshank 42 and theneck assembly 36 to ensure a tight seal. Withinneck assembly 36 is a length ofneck tubing 62 for conveying liquid from the shank bore 63 to thevalve assembly 37. The diameter of theneck tubing 62 preferably matches the diameter of the shank bore 63 at the point of attachment betweenneck assembly 36 andshank 42. Preferably,neck tubing 62 at thelower end 55 of theneck assembly 36 is initially aligned axially with the shank bore 63. In this embodiment,neck tubing 62 has about a 90 degree bend before continuing vertically withinneck assembly 36.Neck tubing 62 then bends through anarc 64 of about 90 degrees near theupper end 65 of theneck assembly 36. Turbulence associated with a change in direction of liquid flow is reduced as the radius of thearc 64 increases. While anarc 64 with a large radius would decrease the turbulence associated with changing the direction of liquid flow, it would also result in the rapidbeverage dispensing device 35 having a large horizontal distance between thedraft dispensing tower 44 and thenozzle assembly 38. Accordingly, the radius ofarc 64 is preferably small enough for thenozzle assembly 38 to be positioned directly over the bar-top drain 66. In a preferred embodiment,valve assembly 37 is attached to theupper end 65 of theneck assembly 36 such that liquid is able to move through theneck tubing 62 and into thevalve assembly 37 without leakage. Additionally,neck tubing 62 in theupper end 65 of theneck assembly 36 may increase in inside diameter as it approaches thevalve assembly 37 such that the inside diameter of theneck tubing 62 matches the inside diameter of thevalve housing 94 at the point where theneck assembly 36 and thevalve assembly 37 are joined. - Because
neck assembly 36 is exposed to the ambient environment, beer residing in theneck tubing 62 during period of system inactivity can become undesirably warm. To maintain beer in theneck tubing 62 at an appropriate serving temperature,neck assembly 36 may be filled withinsulation 67. In lieu of, or in addition toinsulation 67, theneck assembly 36 may be cooled with glycol by extendingcoolant tubing 45 into neck assembly 36 (not shown). - As shown in
FIG. 3 , in another embodiment of this invention, theneck assembly 36 of the rapidbeverage dispensing device 35 is replaced with a tall draft dispensingtower assembly 68 consisting of a tall draft dispensingtower column 69, a draft dispensingtower cover 70, a draft dispensingtower base 71, mountingscrews 72, ashank 42, andcolumn insulation 73. In this embodiment, thevalve assembly 37 attaches to ashank 42 affixed to the tall draft dispensingtower column 69.Valve assembly 37 may be attached toshank 42 usingshank coupling nut 57,compression ring 58,compression washer 59, andcoupling gasket 61, although other means, including flanges with O-rings and quick-disconnect fittings, are contemplated. The distance between thebar top 53 and theshank 42 is such that the distance between thedistal end 52 of thenozzle assembly 38 and thebar top 53 is greater than the height of astandard pitcher 54. In this embodiment, no neck assembly is exposed to the ambient atmosphere and beer maintained at pressure upstream from thevalve assembly 37 remains insulated from the ambient atmosphere within the tall draft dispensingtower assembly 68. Additionally, in this embodiment, the diameter of the shank bore 63 may gradually increase along its length such that, at one end, the diameter of the shank bore 63 is equal to the diameter of thebeverage tubing 41, and that the diameter of the shank bore 63 matches the inside diameter of thevalve housing 94 at the point where thevalve assembly 37 attaches to theshank 42. - In one embodiment, shown in
FIG. 4 ,valve assembly 37 comprisesvalve member 74, handlelever 75,friction ring 76,bonnet washer 77,compression bonnet 78,valve chamber 79,valve seat 80,valve shoulder guide 81, exteriorair vent hole 82 and interiorair vent hole 83.Valve member 74 may comprisevalve head 84,valve neck 85,valve shoulder 86, andseat washer 87.Valve neck 85 may be affixed tovalve head 84 by any means known. Preferably,valve neck 85 is affixed tovalve head 84 by a threaded means such that the two parts can be dissembled.Seat washer 87 may be held in place betweenvalve head 84 andvalve neck 85. The overall shape of the assembledvalve head 84,seat washer 87 andvalve neck 85 is streamlined so as to minimally disturb the liquid flowing around it. Accordingly, the liquid-facingouter surface 88 ofseat washer 87 is contoured to blend smoothly, preferably tangentially, with theouter surface 89 of thevalve head 84. Additionally, the liquid-facingouter surface 88 of theseat washer 87 is contoured to blend smoothly, preferably tangentially withvalve neck 85. - Other embodiments of
valve member 74 are shown inFIG. 5 andFIG. 6 . In these embodiments,valve head 84 is generally spherical or elliptical in nature, theouter surface 88 ofseat washer 87 is contoured to generally blend smoothly with theouter surface 89 of thevalve head 84. Also, theouter surface 88 ofseat washer 87 is contoured to generally blend smoothly into thevalve neck 85. As shown inFIG. 4 ,valve shoulder 86 may be sized to slide longitudinally into thevalve shoulder guide 81 with a tight circumferential tolerance so as to keep theentire valve member 74 aligned axially with respect to thevalve chamber 79. Thedistal end 90 ofhandle lever 75 fits into thevalve shoulder slot 91. A ball joint 92 built into thehandle lever 75 nests in theball seat 93 that is part of thevalve housing 94. Afriction ring 76 andbonnet washer 77 fit circumferentially around the top of ball joint 92. Acompression bonnet 78 may also fit circumferentially around thehandle lever 75 and is held in place via threads in thecompression bonnet 78 and threads built into thevalve housing 94. When threaded into place,compression bonnet 78 pushes against thefriction ring 76 and thebonnet washer 77 forming a seal that prevents beer from leaking out of thevalve assembly 37 through theball seat 93. -
FIG. 4 illustrates thevalve assembly 37 with thevalve member 74 in the closed position. In this position, the proximal, threadedend 95 ofhandle lever 75 may be angled towardvalve head 84. Sincehandle lever 75 pivots about its ball joint 92, in this valve-closed position, thedistal end 90 of thehandle lever 75 is angled away from thevalve head 84, pulling thevalve member 74 longitudinally until theseat washer 87 comes into contact with thevalve seat 80, forming a seal that cuts off the flow of liquid. In this position, liquid in thevalve chamber 79 and throughout the system will likely be at a pressure greater than the ambient atmospheric pressure to prevent CO2 from coming out of solution while the system is not pouring beer. Accordingly, pressure from the liquid in thevalve chamber 79 combined with the frictional forces acting between thevalve shoulder 86 and thevalve shoulder guide 81 and among thevalve shoulder slot 91, thefriction ring 76, thebonnet washer 77, thecompression bonnet 78 and thehandle lever 75 are sufficient to hold thevalve member 74 in its closed position. Consequently, despite the pressure of the liquid upstream of thevalve member 74, no springs, locks, actuators or other components applying an active force to thevalve member 74 are required to maintain thevalve member 74 in its closed position. Additionally, with thevalve member 74 in the closed position, thevalve shoulder slot 91 completes a channel between the exteriorair vent hole 82 and the interiorair vent hole 83 allowing air to enter the upper part of thenozzle 99 to facilitate more rapid and complete draining of any liquid in thenozzle assembly 38 the moment thevalve member 74 is moved into the closed position. - To open the
valve member 74, the threadedend 95 of thehandle lever 75 is moved forward, in a direction generally away from thevalve seat 80. As thehandle lever 75 is moved in this manner, it pivots within theball seat 93 about the center of its ball joint 92 causing thedistal end 90 of thehandle lever 75 to rotate in an opposite direction. This movement of thedistal end 90 of thehandle lever 75 serves to slide thevalve member 74 in a direction that moves theseat washer 87 away from thevalve seat 80, thereby placing thevalve member 74 in the open position. Forces acting on thevalve head 84 from the liquid flowing around it combined with frictional forces acting between thevalve shoulder 86 and thevalve shoulder guide 81 and among thevalve shoulder slot 91, thefriction ring 76, thebonnet washer 77, thecompression bonnet 78 and thehandle lever 75 are sufficient to hold thevalve member 74 in its open position without the need to apply a continuous active force to thehandle lever 75 orvalve member 74. - Preferably, disturbances to liquid flow are minimized by a
valve assembly 37 which is as streamlined as possible. As illustrated by theliquid flow lines 96 inFIG. 7 , liquid flowing through thevalve assembly 37 is guided in an arcing manner into thenozzle assembly 38 which is oriented in a generally downward direction. Accordingly, thevalve assembly 37 must not only serve to start and stop the flow of liquid, but also to guide the liquid into thenozzle 99 while causing as little liquid flow disturbance as possible. As shown inFIG. 8 , to facilitate a smooth redirection of liquid flow, the liquid-facingsurface 97 of thevalve shoulder 86 is contoured to match the curvature of the interior surface of thevalve housing 94 when thevalve member 74 is in its open position. In particular, in the embodiment shown here, the interior surface of thevalve housing 94 near thevalve shoulder 86 is generally the shape of a portion of an arced cylinder. That is, the liquid-facingsurface 97 of thevalve shoulder 86 is generally concave in shape and posses two radii of curvature. The first radius matches the large radius of the arc formed by thevalve housing 94 that guides the liquid into thenozzle 99. The second radius of curvature is perpendicular to the first and matches the inside radius of thevalve housing 94 at the point where thevalve assembly 37 and thenozzle 99 are joined. Alternatively, the liquid-facingsurface 97 of thevalve shoulder 86 may possess only the first radius of curvature, in which case the liquid-facingsurface 97 of thevalve shoulder 86 will still direct liquid flow in a streamlined manner into thenozzle 99. Additionally, the liquid-facingsurface 97 of thevalve shoulder 86 may also be planar, in which case the edges of such a plane should be flush with the interior surface of thevalve housing 94 when thevalve member 74 is in its open position and the plane sloped in a manner to efficiently direct liquid flow into thenozzle 99. In contrast, as illustrated inFIG. 10 , the liquid-facingsurface 97 of avalve shoulder 86 found in a conventionalbeer dispensing faucet 98 is blunt and generally vertically planar. Furthermore, such a design results in liquid that is abruptly redirected as indicated byliquid flow lines 96. Such abrupt redirection of liquid can cause turbulence. - Since some of the liquid flowing through the
valve chamber 79 must pass thevalve neck 85 on its way into thenozzle assembly 38, the cross section of thevalve neck 85, illustrated inFIG. 9 , is streamlined for liquid flow in this direction. - Alternatively to the above described embodiment, which assumes manual movement of the
valve member 74, the energy required to move thevalve member 74 between its open and closed positions may be provided by an automatic or motor-operated means. For instance, in one embodiment, a linear actuator connected to thevalve shoulder 86 may replace the function of the pushing and pulling of thehandle lever 75 in moving thevalve member 74 from its closed position to its open position and back. Additionally, thevalve member 74 may be moved via electromagnetic means, in a manner similar to the solenoids used to control water flow in household appliances. Also, a geared or other rotary valve movement mechanism may also function to move thevalve member 74 between its closed and open positions. Energy for rotating such gears may be provided by electromechanical or manual means. - Preferably, liquid flowing through
valve assembly 37 is directed immediately into thenozzle assembly 38, as shown inFIG. 2 . Preferably,nozzle assembly 38 comprises a downward-extendingnozzle 99 and a liquid dispersion member orflow redirector 100 positioned near thelower end 101 ofnozzle 99. Liquid flowing past thevalve assembly 37 into thenozzle assembly 38 will tend to accelerate due to the effects of gravity.Nozzle assembly 38 fulfills four primary functions. First, viscous forces acting between the nozzleinterior surface 102 and the liquid serve to slow the velocity of the liquid flow, somewhat counteracting the acceleration of the liquid due to gravity. Second, the nozzleinterior surface 102 is shaped so as to minimize the chance of air moving up into the system whenvalve member 74 is in its open position. A solid, air-free liquid stream serves to minimize foaming of the liquid within thenozzle assembly 38. Third, theflow redirector 100 serves to redirect the flow of liquid exiting thenozzle assembly 38 in a manner that minimizes the turbulence and foaming caused when the liquid impacts the inside surface of the container being filled. Preferably,nozzle assembly 38 is long enough so that theflow redirector 100 is able to reach the bottom of the largest container to be dispensed, allowing for the filling of containers at or near their bottoms. In a preferred embodiment,nozzle assembly 38 is from about 3 inches (7.62 cm) to about 15 inches (38.1 cm) in length. More preferably,nozzle assembly 38 is from about 4 inches (10.16 cm) to about 12 inches (30.48 cm) in length. Still more preferably,nozzle assembly 38 is from about 8 inches (20.32 cm) to 10 inches (25.4 cm) in length. - In another embodiment of the invention, a removably attached
nozzle assembly 201 is attached to thespout 202 of abeer dispensing faucet 203.Nozzle assembly 201 may be attached to any conventional beer dispensing faucet. As shown inFIG. 29-33 ,nozzle assembly 201 includes a downward extendingnozzle 204, O-rings 205, and aflow redirector 206. Thebeer dispensing faucet 203 may be part of a larger beer dispensing system that includes adraft dispensing tower 207. In this manner, any conventional beer dispensing faucet can be converted to a dispense beer at faster rates with desirable foam levels. -
Nozzle assembly 201 may be attached to a beer dispensing faucet by any known mechanism, including welding, threads and threaded fittings, set screws, adhesives or epoxies, hose clamps, Teflon® tape, snap-fittings, and pressure-fittings, including one or more O-rings.Nozzle assembly 201 may be constructed to tolerances that permitnozzle assembly 201 to grip or snap on to thespout 202 of abeer dispensing faucet 203 due to purely frictional forces acting between thenozzle 204 and thespout 202. - In one embodiment, as shown in
FIG. 29 ,FIG. 31 ,FIG. 32 , andFIG. 33 , O-rings 205 couple thenozzle assembly 201 to thespout 202 of thebeer dispensing faucet 203. The O-rings 205 may be contained withingrooves 208 near theupper end 209 of thenozzle assembly 201. Thenozzle assembly 201 may then be removably coupled to thespout 202 by concentrically aligning theupper end 209 of thenozzle assembly 201 with thespout 202 and pushing theupper end 209 of thenozzle assembly 201 over thespout 202. Thus,nozzle assembly 201 may be held in position by frictional forces acting between thenozzle 204 and the O-rings 205 and between the O-rings 205 and thespout 202. Because the O-rings 205 may be in a compressed state when thenozzle assembly 201 is attached to thespout 202, the elastic energy stored during compression of the O-rings 205 may provide added frictional holding power. O-rings 205 provide a waterproof seal between theupper end 209 of thenozzle assembly 201 and thespout 202 and may dampen the shock that may occur when thenozzle 204 or theflow redirector 206 is accidentally struck by a glass, cup, pitcher, or other container during operation. - Preferably,
nozzle assembly 201 is long enough so that theflow redirector 206 is able to reach the bottom of the largest container to be dispensed, allowing for the filling of containers at or near their bottoms. In a preferred embodiment,nozzle assembly 201 is from about 3 inches (7.62 cm) to about 12 inches (30.5 cm) in length. More preferably,nozzle assembly 201 is from about 4 inches (10.2 cm) to about 9 inches (22.9 cm) in length. Still more preferably,nozzle assembly 201 is from about 4.5 inches (11.4 cm) to 7.5 inches (19.1 cm) in length. - A
liquid stream 103 flowing from aconventional faucet 98 is shown inFIG. 11 . In the absence of anozzle 99, the velocity ofliquid exiting faucet 98 increases as the liquid falls due to gravity. This acceleration results in a decreasing cross sectional area of theliquid stream 103 as the liquid falls farther and farther away from thefaucet 98. The general shape of this profile is parabolic and its specific profile depends on the flow rate of the liquid and the diameter of thefaucet outlet 104. Using Bernoulli's equation along with basic geometry, the cross sectional area of theliquid stream 103 at a given distance from thefaucet outlet 104 can be calculated. According to Bernoulli's equation: -
- where ρ1, ρ2 is the liquid pressure at the
faucet outlet 104 and at some given distance from thefaucet outlet 104, respectively - ρ is the density of the liquid
- V1, V2 is the linear velocity of the
liquid stream 103 at thefaucet outlet 104 and at some given distance from thefaucet outlet 104, respectively - g is the acceleration due to gravity
- z1 and z2 refer to points at the
faucet outlet 104 and some given distance from thefaucet outlet 104, respectively
- where ρ1, ρ2 is the liquid pressure at the
- Since a free flowing
liquid stream 103 is at atmospheric pressure, ρ1=ρ2=0. Setting z1=0, z2=h and renaming V2 as V0 and V1 as Vh provides as equation for Vh in terms of h, where Vh is the linear velocity of theliquid stream 103 at a vertical distance, h, beneath thefaucet outlet 104. -
- where V0 is the linear velocity of the
liquid stream 103 at thefaucet outlet 104.
- where V0 is the linear velocity of the
- The flow rate of a
liquid stream 103 can be related to theliquid stream 103 linear velocity and theliquid stream 103 cross sectional area according to the following equation:
Q=A0V0 -
- where Q is the flow rate of the liquid
- A0 is the cross sectional area of the
faucet outlet 104 - V0 is the linear velocity of the
liquid stream 103 at thefaucet outlet 104.
- Solving for V0 and substituting in the equation for Vh yields the following:
- For a
circular faucet outlet 104, A0 can be expressed in terms of D0, the diameter of the faucet outlet 104: - One more substitution solves for Vh in terms of D0:
- Additionally, since the flow rate of the liquid is constant throughout a compressionless system:
Q=AhVh -
- where Q is the volumetric flow rate of the liquid
- Ah is the cross sectional area of the
liquid stream 103 at a distance h from thefaucet outlet 104 - Vh is the linear velocity of the
liquid stream 103 at a distance h from thefaucet outlet 104
- Solving the above for Ah and substituting in the previous definition of Vh, the cross sectional area of the
liquid stream 103, Ah, can be determined as a function of its vertical distance h from thefaucet outlet 104, the diameter of thefaucet outlet 104 and the liquid flow rate: - Preferably, the cross sectional area profile of the
nozzle assembly 38 matches the cross sectional area profile of a free-fallingliquid stream 103, as calculated using the above equation. In this embodiment, the cross sectional area of thenozzle 99 gradually decreases from top to bottom. In a preferred embodiment, where a flow redirector is used,nozzle 99 widens near its distal end to accommodate theflow redirector 100, but the cross sectional area of the resulting concentric annulus preserves the continuity of this gradually decreasing cross sectional area to the point of thenozzle assembly outlet 105. As shown, the concentric annulus maintains this gradually decreasing cross sectional area through the use of a flow director whoseflow redirector shaft 106 gradually increases in cross sectional area from top to bottom. Alternatively, theflow redirector 100 may have aflow redirector shaft 106 of constant diameter if the distal end of thenozzle 99 were to have a gradually decreasing cross section (not shown). Anozzle assembly 38 with a cross sectional area profile that matches the profile of a free fallingliquid stream 103 serves to keep the liquid flowing through thenozzle assembly 38 in constant contact with the nozzleinterior surface 102. In this manner, viscous forces acting between the liquid and the nozzleinterior surface 102 serve to decelerate the liquid. Additionally, air is unable to bubble up into thenozzle assembly 38 as long as the liquid is flowing at the flow rate for which thenozzle assembly 38 is optimized. - In an alternative embodiment of the
nozzle assembly 38, shown inFIG. 12 , anozzle 107 with a linear taper approximates the gradually decreasing cross sectional area ofnozzle 99 with a cross-sectional area profile that matches that of a free-flowing liquid stream. - In another embodiment of the
nozzle assembly 38, shown inFIG. 13 , acylindrical nozzle 108 is used. In this embodiment, the cross sectional area of thecylindrical nozzle 108 is constant until theflow redirector 100 is introduced in which case the decrease in cross-sectional area due to the positioning of theflow redirector 100 is sufficient to prevent air from entering thecylindrical nozzle 108 while liquid is flowing. Thus, the cross sectional area of the internal passageway decreases from the liquid receiving end of the nozzle to the liquid dispensing end of the nozzle. - In still another embodiment, shown in
FIG. 14 , thenozzle assembly 38 contains two or more flow-straighteningchannels 109 that serve to reduce any lateral movement of liquid in thenozzle assembly 38 and decrease the turbulence of liquid flowing through thenozzle assembly 38. Preferably,nozzle 99 is subdivided into at least twochannels 109, and preferably three to tenchannels 109. More preferably,nozzle 99 is divided into four equallysized channels 109.FIG. 15 ,FIG. 16 andFIG. 17 illustrate, in cross-section, various embodiments of a channeled nozzle. - The Reynolds number provides an indication as to the laminar or turbulent nature of liquid flow. The Reynolds number for a
nozzle 99 of circular cross-section without flow-straighteningchannels 109 can be expressed as follows: - The Reynolds number for a non-circular conduit can be determined from the following equation:
-
- where Reh is the Reynolds number based on the hydraulic diameter. The hydraulic diameter is defined as Dh=4A/P where A is the cross-sectional area of the conduit and P is the perimeter of the conduit. For each equally sized, semicircular, wedge-shaped
channel 109 in the nozzle assembly 38: - where D is the inside diameter of the
nozzle 99 and n is the number of equally sized, semicircular, wedge-shapedchannels 109. Comparing the Reynolds number of thenozzle 99 with thechannels 109 to thenozzle 99 not containing any flow-straightening channels yields the following ratio:
- where Reh is the Reynolds number based on the hydraulic diameter. The hydraulic diameter is defined as Dh=4A/P where A is the cross-sectional area of the conduit and P is the perimeter of the conduit. For each equally sized, semicircular, wedge-shaped
- Thus, the Reynolds number of liquid flowing through the
nozzle assembly 38 with the flow-straighteningchannels 109 has been reduced by a factor of (π)/(π+n) as compared to anozzle assembly 38 without flow-straightening channels in place. As indicated, increasing the number ofchannels 109 would further decrease the Reynolds number of the liquid flowing through thenozzle 99. Additionally, thesurfaces 110 of each flow-straighteningchannel 109 increase the available surface area upon which viscous forces acting between the liquid and thesurfaces 110 can form, thereby further decelerating the liquid as it travels through thenozzle 99. - The
nozzle assembly 38 may be insulated and/or cooled by liquid or other means known in the art, including, but not limited to foam, air, circulated glycol, circulated water and thermoelectric means. Since thenozzle assembly 38 is exposed to the ambient air, it may warm to the ambient temperature in the absence of such insulation or cooling mechanism. Extending the glycol lines of a glycol-cooled dispensing system such that they coil within the nozzle assembly 38 (not shown) may be used to keep thenozzle assembly 38 cold. - A principal cause of excessive foaming when dispensing beer is having the beverage hit the bottom of the container at a great velocity or in an otherwise turbulent manner.
Flow redirector 100 minimizes foaming by gently redirecting and dispersing liquid exiting thenozzle assembly 38 in a manner that reduces the force of impact between the liquid and the container. As shown by simulatedliquid flow lines 96 inFIG. 18 , liquid traveling through thenozzle assembly 38 is evenly dispersed around theflow redirector shaft 106. As liquid flows past theflow redirector 100, it is gently redirected from flowing in a generally downward direction into flowing in a radial direction. Preferably, liquid exiting thenozzle assembly 38 is dispersed radially, in an even 360-degree pattern that also possesses a downward vector. Such a pattern has been determined to minimize foaming of the beverage as it is dispensed for a wide variety of container sizes. Alip 111 at the lower end ofnozzle 99 may also be present.Lip 111 is preferably rounded, although other shapes are contemplated, so as to improve the flow characteristics of liquid exiting thenozzle assembly outlet 105. - Preferably,
flow redirector 100 is a streamlined object. In a preferred embodiment, theproximal end 112 offlow redirector 100 is in the shape of an elliptical dome. In this embodiment, a roundflow redirector shaft 106 gradually widens towards theflow redirector base 113 so as to redirect the liquid flow with the least amount of turbulence. Preferably, the horizontal cross-section along the entire longitudinal length of theflow redirector 100 is circular, although other shapes, as long they do not substantially interfere with the flow of the liquid, are contemplated. Theflow redirector base 113 is also preferably circular and flat such that the bottom of a flat-bottomed container can be positioned flush against theflow redirector base 113. However, the bottom offlow redirector base 113 may also have a somewhat concave surface as long as the peripheral edge of the bottom of theflow redirector base 113 substantially contacts the bottom of the container to be filled. The exterior surface of theflow redirector 100 is preferably smooth. - While a tall,
wide flow redirector 100 would serve to decrease the turbulence caused when redirecting the liquid, such aflow redirector 100 would result in a long,wide nozzle assembly 38 that would have difficulty fitting into smaller containers. For this reason, a morecompact flow redirector 100 is desirable. Preferably, theflow redirector 100 is between 0.5 inches (1.27 cm) and 8 inches (20.32 cm) when measured between itsproximal end 112 and itsbase 113. More preferably, theflow redirector 100 is between 1 inch (2.54 cm) and 4 inches (10.16 cm) when measured along this length. Still more preferably, theflow redirector 100 is 2 inches (5.08 cm) when measured along this length. Preferably, theflow redirector base 113 measures between 0.25 inches (0.635 cm) and 5 inches (12.7 cm) at its widest point. More preferably, theflow redirector base 113 measures between 0.5 inches (1.27 cm) and 2 inches (5.08 cm) at its widest point. Additional embodiments offlow redirector 100 are illustrated inFIG. 20 ,FIG. 21 , andFIG. 22 . Many other flow redirector 100 shapes and configurations are possible that accomplish the task of reducing the amount of foaming caused when the liquid leaves thenozzle assembly 38 and impacts a container. Preferably, the flow redirector is obconical. - Preferably,
flow redirector 100 is generally not movable, but is removable.Flow redirector 100 may be attached to the inside of thenozzle 99 via one ormore support structures 114.Support structures 114 are of sufficient strength to hold theflow redirector 100 centered along the axis of thenozzle 99, even in the presence of a liquid stream. To minimize their disturbance to liquid flow,support structures 114 are preferably streamlined and comprise a roundedproximal end 115 that gradually tapers to a point at thedistal end 116. An airfoil shape, as shown inFIG. 19 , has been found to minimize the turbulence caused by thesupport structures 114. In the case of anozzle assembly 38 that contains flow-straighteningchannels 109,flow redirector 100 may not requiresupport structures 114 to hold it in place as it may be affixed directly to thesurfaces 110 forming the flow-straighteningchannels 109. -
Flow redirector 100 is positioned longitudinally within thenozzle assembly 38 such that anozzle assembly outlet 105 is formed between thelip 111 of thenozzle assembly 38 and theflow redirector 100 that allows liquid to leave thenozzle assembly 38 and enter the container. The size of thenozzle assembly outlet 105 must be large enough to allow liquid to rapidly exit thenozzle assembly 38, and small enough to obtain an even, radial dispersion of liquid into the container. The optimal size of thenozzle assembly outlet 105 varies with liquid flow rate,nozzle 99 diameter and the particular shape of theflow redirector 100. Preferably, the height of thenozzle assembly outlet 105 as measured as the vertical distance between thelip 111 of thenozzle 99 andflow redirector 100 is between 0.2 inches (0.508 cm) and 1.5 inches (3.81 cm). More preferably, the height of thenozzle assembly outlet 105 is between 0.35 inches (0.889 cm) and 0.6 inches (1.524 cm). Still more preferably, the height of thenozzle assembly outlet 105 is between 0.4 inches (1.016 cm) and 0.5 inches (1.27 cm). - While the height of the
nozzle assembly outlet 105 may be a fixed distance, another embodiment of this invention, shown inFIG. 23 andFIG. 24 , allows for fine-tuning of the specific longitudinal position of theflow redirector 100 within thenozzle assembly 38 viaset screws 117 and countersunkslots 118 in thenozzle 99 allowing for longitudinal movement of theflow redirector 100 upon loosening the set screws 117. In moving theflow redirector 100 longitudinally along the axis of thenozzle assembly 38, the height of thenozzle assembly outlet 105 is changed. Theset screws 117 may also be completely removed from thenozzle assembly 38 such that theflow redirector 100 can be removed from thenozzle assembly 38 for cleaning or maintenance purposes. - In another embodiment of this invention, a
diffuser 121 is placed upstream from thevalve assembly 37 so as to increase the cross sectional area of liquid entering thevalve assembly 37 in a manner that minimizes the amount of turbulence. Preferably, thediffuser 121 tapers from itsthroat end 119 to itsexit end 120. In one embodiment, shown inFIG. 25 , aconical diffuser 121 is positioned within theneck assembly 36 of the rapidbeverage dispensing device 35. The axis of theconical diffuser 121 in this embodiment is aligned vertically within theneck assembly 36 of the rapid beverage dispensedevice 35, although it may also posses a radius of curvature. Preferably the divergence angle of theconical diffuser 121, as measured as the angle between the longitudinal axis of theconical diffuser 121 and theconical diffuser wall 122, is relatively small. A large divergence angle typically results in increased turbulence as the liquid is forced to expand in cross-sectional area over a short distance. To facilitate diffusion while minimizing turbulence, preferably theconical diffuser 121 possesses a divergence angle of fewer than 25 degrees. More preferably, the divergence angle is fewer than 12 degrees, and even more preferably is 8 or fewer degrees. - Under certain conditions, it may be desirable to slow the flow rate of the liquid leaving the rapid
beverage dispensing device 35. In another embodiment of the present invention, shown inFIG. 26 , a pressure-reducingelement 123 is introduced into this system in conjunction with amulti-way valve 124 in order to optionally slow the flow rate of the liquid being dispensed. While a pressure-reducingelement 123 can take many forms, preferably, the pressure-reducingelement 123 consists of a length of narrow diameter tubing. The pressure-reducingelement 123 is coiled within theneck assembly 36 of the rapidbeverage dispensing device 35 so as to minimize its space requirements. - The
inbound end 125 andoutbound end 126 of the pressure-reducingelement 123 are connected to amulti-way valve 124 positioned at theneck base 127 of the rapidbeverage dispensing device 35. As shown in one embodiment inFIG. 27 , in one position, themulti-way valve 124 provides an unimpeded, full-port opening between the rapidbeverage dispensing device 35 and the rest of thebeer dispensing system 39.Liquid flow arrows 128 indicate the path of liquid flow through themulti-way valve 124. In this position, the liquid flow completely by passes the pressure-reducingelement 123 and liquid is dispensed from the rapidbeverage dispensing device 35 at its normal flow rate as if the pressure-reducingelement 123 were not present. - As shown in
FIG. 28 , in its other position, themulti-way valve 124 directs liquid through the pressure-reducingelement 123 on its way through the rapidbeverage dispensing device 35. In this position, liquid entering themulti-way valve 124 is directed to theoutbound valve port 129 which is attached to theinbound end 125 of the pressure-reducingelement 123. Energy from thebeer dispensing system 39 continues to move the liquid through the entire length of the pressure-reducingelement 123 before the liquid re-enters themulti-way valve 124 through itsinbound valve port 130 which directs the liquid from theoutbound end 126 of the pressure-reducingelement 123 through the rapidbeverage dispensing device 35. Because the liquid re-entering themulti-way valve 124 has experienced a drop in pressure, the liquid re-enters the rapidbeverage dispensing device 35 at a reduced flow rate, preferably the optimal flow rate of a conventional beer dispensing faucet. - It is therefore intended that the foregoing detailed description be regarded as illustrative rather than limiting, and that it be understood that it is the following claims, including all equivalents, that are intended to define the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. An apparatus for dispensing beer, comprising
a beer reservoir,
tubing connected to the reservoir,
a pressure source that pressurizes the reservoir for conveying the beer from the reservoir and through the tubing,
a faucet having a beer receiving end in fluid communication with the tubing and a beer dispensing end, the beer dispensing end having a faucet sealing surface,
a nozzle having a beer receiving end and a beer dispensing end, the beer receiving end having a nozzle sealing surface that mates with the faucet sealing surface, and
a seal that provides a fluid seal between the faucet sealing surface and the nozzle sealing surface,
where the beer receiving end of the nozzle is adapted to removably fit to the beer dispensing end of the faucet and the nozzle is configured to regulate the formation of foam during dispensing.
2. An apparatus for dispensing beer, comprising
a beer reservoir,
tubing connected to the reservoir,
a pressure source that pressurizes the reservoir for conveying the beer from the reservoir and through the tubing,
a faucet having a beer receiving end in fluid communication with the tubing and a beer dispensing end,
a nozzle having a beer receiving end and a beer dispensing end, and
a seal that provides a fluid seal between the receiving end of the nozzle and the beer dispensing end of the faucet, the seal disposed downstream of the valve,
where the beer receiving end of the nozzle is adapted to removably fit to the beer dispensing end of the faucet and the nozzle is configured to regulate the formation of foam during dispensing.
3. An apparatus for dispensing a carbonated beverage, comprising
a beverage reservoir,
tubing connected to the reservoir,
a pressure source that pressurizes the reservoir for conveying the carbonated beverage from the reservoir and through the tubing,
a faucet having a beverage receiving end in fluid communication with the tubing and a beverage dispensing end, the beverage dispensing end having a faucet sealing surface,
a nozzle having a beverage receiving end and a beverage dispensing end, the beverage receiving end having a nozzle sealing surface that mates with the faucet sealing surface, and
a seal that provides a fluid seal between the faucet sealing surface and the nozzle sealing surface,
where the beverage receiving end of the nozzle is adapted to removably fit to the beverage dispensing end of the faucet and the nozzle is configured to regulate the formation of foam during dispensing.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US11/198,893 US20060032869A1 (en) | 2003-03-13 | 2005-08-05 | Beverage dispensing apparatus |
PCT/US2006/028820 WO2007019047A2 (en) | 2005-08-05 | 2006-07-25 | Beverage dispensing apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US10/388,907 US7278454B2 (en) | 2003-03-13 | 2003-03-13 | Beverage dispensing apparatus |
US10/639,771 US7040359B2 (en) | 2003-03-13 | 2003-08-11 | Beverage dispensing apparatus |
US11/198,893 US20060032869A1 (en) | 2003-03-13 | 2005-08-05 | Beverage dispensing apparatus |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US10/639,771 Continuation-In-Part US7040359B2 (en) | 2003-03-13 | 2003-08-11 | Beverage dispensing apparatus |
Publications (1)
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US20060032869A1 true US20060032869A1 (en) | 2006-02-16 |
Family
ID=37649497
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US11/198,893 Abandoned US20060032869A1 (en) | 2003-03-13 | 2005-08-05 | Beverage dispensing apparatus |
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US (1) | US20060032869A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2007019047A2 (en) |
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US7461997B1 (en) * | 2006-12-22 | 2008-12-09 | Mack Ii Thomas M | Sidewalk and slab lifting system |
US20090192834A1 (en) * | 2008-01-25 | 2009-07-30 | Adams David J | Revenue generation method for monitoring of fluid dispensing system |
US20120211575A1 (en) * | 2010-08-17 | 2012-08-23 | Hwb, L.L.C. | Beer Tap Diffuser Device |
WO2015151058A1 (en) * | 2014-04-04 | 2015-10-08 | Modernise Uk Ltd | A liquid dispensing device |
US20160297665A1 (en) * | 2015-04-10 | 2016-10-13 | integrated Dispensing Systems, LLC | Fluid dispensing system |
US20170166432A1 (en) * | 2014-02-04 | 2017-06-15 | Heineken Supply Chain B.V. | Dispensing assembly and container with tap |
CN110371911A (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2019-10-25 | 齐力制冷系统(深圳)有限公司 | Barrel of beer refrigeration frequency conversion system |
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WO2021060207A1 (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2021-04-01 | サッポロビール株式会社 | Beverage server and pouring member |
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US7461997B1 (en) * | 2006-12-22 | 2008-12-09 | Mack Ii Thomas M | Sidewalk and slab lifting system |
US20090192834A1 (en) * | 2008-01-25 | 2009-07-30 | Adams David J | Revenue generation method for monitoring of fluid dispensing system |
US20120211575A1 (en) * | 2010-08-17 | 2012-08-23 | Hwb, L.L.C. | Beer Tap Diffuser Device |
US20170166432A1 (en) * | 2014-02-04 | 2017-06-15 | Heineken Supply Chain B.V. | Dispensing assembly and container with tap |
US10207911B2 (en) * | 2014-02-04 | 2019-02-19 | Heineken Supply Chain B.V. | Dispensing assembly and container with tap |
US10479670B2 (en) * | 2014-04-04 | 2019-11-19 | Oliver Browne-Wilkinson, Sr. | Liquid dispensing device |
CN106458370A (en) * | 2014-04-04 | 2017-02-22 | 奥利弗·布朗-威尔金森 | A liquid dispensing device |
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WO2015151058A1 (en) * | 2014-04-04 | 2015-10-08 | Modernise Uk Ltd | A liquid dispensing device |
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US20160297665A1 (en) * | 2015-04-10 | 2016-10-13 | integrated Dispensing Systems, LLC | Fluid dispensing system |
US10155650B2 (en) * | 2015-04-10 | 2018-12-18 | integrated Dispensing Systems, LLC | Fluid dispensing system |
US10662053B2 (en) | 2015-04-10 | 2020-05-26 | integrated Dispensing Systems, LLC | Fluid dispensing system |
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WO2007019047A2 (en) | 2007-02-15 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: COLE TAYLOR BANK, ILLINOIS Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:LAMINAR TECHNOLOGIES, LLC.;REEL/FRAME:019161/0820 Effective date: 20070315 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: LAMINAR TECHNOLOGIES, LLC., ILLINOIS Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:YOUNKLE, MATTHEW C.;REEL/FRAME:019837/0206 Effective date: 20051024 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
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