US20060049449A1

US20060049449A1 - Non-volatile semiconductor memory and method for fabricating a non-volatile semiconductor memory

Info

Publication number: US20060049449A1
Application number: US11/103,612
Authority: US
Inventors: Naohisa Iino; Yasuhiko Matsunaga; Fumitaka Arai
Original assignee: Toshiba Corp
Current assignee: Toshiba Corp
Priority date: 2004-09-06
Filing date: 2005-04-12
Publication date: 2006-03-09
Also published as: US20080169497A1; US7750417B2; JP2006073939A

Abstract

A non-volatile semiconductor memory includes memory cell transistors arranged in a matrix, wherein each of the memory cell transistors is a depletion mode MIS transistor.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS AND INCORPORATION BY REFERRENCE

This application is based upon and claims the benefit of priority from the prior Japanese Patent Applications No. P2004-258523, filed on Sep. 6, 2004; the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention
This present invention relates to a non-volatile semiconductor memory, more particularly, a non-volatile semiconductor memory and a method for fabricating the same using Silicon On Insulator (SOI) technique.
2. Description of the Related Art
An electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) is known as a non-volatile semiconductor memory. In the EEPROM, a cell array is comprised in such a way that a memory cell transistor is arranged at an intersection where a word line in the row direction and a bit line in the column direction cross over each other. Among EEPROMS, the NAND flash EEPROM in which a plurality of memory cell transistors are connected in series, and which can erase all the written data simultaneously, has been in wide use.
A memory cell transistor of the NAND flash EEPROM includes n⁺-source and drain regions which are opposite to each other; and a p channel region between the source and drain regions. A stacked gate structure is formed on the channel region in which a control gate electrode and a floating gate electrode are stacked. Memory cell transistors adjacent to one another in the row direction are isolated from one another by an element isolation region. The NAND flash EEPROM experiences of fluctuations in gate threshold voltage due to influence of parasitic capacitance in the element isolation region between memory cell transistors and parasitic capacitance between an interconnect and a substrate, and the like.
In order to reduce the fluctuation in the gate threshold voltage due to the influence of the parasitic capacitance in the element isolation region and the parasitic capacitance between the interconnect and the substrate, a NAND flash EEPROM has been considered which employs SOI technology in which a semiconductor layer (SOI layer), arranged on the an embedded insulating layer (SOI insulator), serves as an active layer. According to the NAND flash EEPROM employing the SOI technology, the memory cell transistors adjacent to one another in the row direction are isolated from one another by the element isolation insulating film which is embedded as far as the SOI insulator, thereby enabling the parasitic capacitance in the element isolation region be reduced. In addition, since the SOI layer is formed on the SOI insulator, the parasitic capacitance between the interconnect and the substrate can be reduced, and hence the fluctuation in the gate threshold voltage can be reduced. As the memory cell transistor has been minaturized, an interval between the source and the drain of the memory cell transistor has become so narrower that influence of the short channel effect has increased in the NAND flash EEPROM employing the SOI technology.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

An aspect of the present invention inheres in a non-volatile semiconductor memory comprising memory cell transistors arranged in a matrix, wherein each of the memory cell transistors is a depletion mode MIS transistor.
Another aspect of the present invention inheres in a non-volatile semiconductor memory having a plurality of memory cell transistors arranged in a matrix, wherein each of the memory cell transistors is a depletion mode MIS transistor including: source and drain regions having a first conductivity type disposed on an insulating layer; a channel region having the first conductivity type disposed between the source and drain regions, and having a lower impurity concentration than the source and drain regions; a floating gate electrode disposed above the channel region and insulated from the channel region; and a control gate electrode disposed above the floating gate electrode and insulated from the floating electrode.
Further aspect of the present invention inheres in a method for fabricating a non-volatile semiconductor memory comprising, forming a depletion mode memory cell transistor, comprising: depositing a gate insulating film on a semiconductor layer having a first conductivity type disposed on an insulating layer; depositing a floating gate electrode on the gate insulating film; depositing an inter-electrode insulating film on the floating gate electrode; depositing a control gate electrode on the inter-electrode insulating film; forming a groove penetrating the control gate electrode, the inter-electrode insulating film and the floating gate electrode; and forming source and drain regions having the first conductivity type in the semiconductor layer under the groove.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view in the column direction (I-I direction of FIG. 2) showing an example of a cell array of a non-volatile semiconductor memory according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a plan view showing an example of the cell array of the non-volatile semiconductor memory according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view in the row direction (II-II direction of FIG. 2) showing an example of the cell array of the non-volatile semiconductor memory according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is an equivalent circuit diagram showing an example of the cell array of the non-volatile semiconductor memory according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing an example of I-V characteristic of a memory cell transistor of the non-volatile semiconductor memory according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a chart showing an example of operation voltage supplying to a wiring of the cell array of the non-volatile semiconductor memory according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is an equivalent circuit diagram for explaining writing operation of the non-volatile semiconductor memory according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is an equivalent circuit diagram for explaining erasing operation of the non-volatile semiconductor memory according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is an equivalent circuit diagram for explaining reading operation of the non-volatile semiconductor memory according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view for explaining a floating gate electrode, which does not store electron of the memory cell transistor of the non-volatile semiconductor memory according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view for explaining the floating gate electrode stores electron of the memory cell transistor of the non-volatile semiconductor memory according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 12A is a cross-sectional view in the column direction (III-III direction of FIG. 2) showing an example of a method for fabricating the non-volatile semiconductor memory according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 12B is a cross-sectional view in the column direction (II-II direction of FIG. 2) showing an example of the method for fabricating the non-volatile semiconductor memory according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 13A is a cross-sectional view in the column direction after the process of FIG. 12A showing the method for fabricating the non-volatile semiconductor memory according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 13B is a cross-sectional view in the row direction after the process of FIG. 12B showing the method for fabricating the non-volatile semiconductor memory according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 14A is a cross-sectional view in the column direction after the process of FIG. 13A showing the method for fabricating the non-volatile semiconductor memory according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 14B is a cross-sectional view in the row direction after the process of FIG. 13B showing the method for fabricating the non-volatile semiconductor memory according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 15A is a cross-sectional view in the column direction after the process of FIG. 14A showing the method for fabricating the non-volatile semiconductor memory according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 15B is a cross-sectional view in the row direction after the process of FIG. 14B showing the method for fabricating the non-volatile semiconductor memory according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 16A is a cross-sectional view in the column direction after the process of FIG. 15A showing the method for fabricating the non-volatile semiconductor memory according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 16B is a cross-sectional view in the row direction after the process of FIG. 15B showing the method for fabricating the non-volatile semiconductor memory according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 17A is a cross-sectional view in the column direction after the process of FIG. 16A showing the method for fabricating the non-volatile semiconductor memory according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 17B is a cross-sectional view in the row direction after the process of FIG. 16B showing the method for fabricating the non-volatile semiconductor memory according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 18A is a cross-sectional view in the column direction after the process of FIG. 17A showing the method for fabricating the non-volatile semiconductor memory according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 18B is a cross-sectional view in the row direction after the process of FIG. 17B showing the method for fabricating the non-volatile semiconductor memory according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 19A is a cross-sectional view in the column direction after the process of FIG. 18A showing the method for fabricating the non-volatile semiconductor memory according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 19B is a cross-sectional view in the row direction after the process of FIG. 18B showing the method for fabricating the non-volatile semiconductor memory according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 20A is a cross-sectional view in the column direction after the process of FIG. 19A showing the method for fabricating the non-volatile semiconductor memory according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 20B is a cross-sectional view in the row direction after the process of FIG. 19B showing the method for fabricating the non-volatile semiconductor memory according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 21A is a cross-sectional view in the column direction after the process of FIG. 20A showing the method for fabricating the non-volatile semiconductor memory according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 21B is a cross-sectional view in the row direction after the process of FIG. 20B showing the method for fabricating the non-volatile semiconductor memory according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 22A is a cross-sectional view in the column direction after the process of FIG. 21A showing the method for fabricating the non-volatile semiconductor memory according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 22B is a cross-sectional view in the row direction after the process of FIG. 21B showing the method for fabricating the non-volatile semiconductor memory according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 23A is a cross-sectional view in the column direction after the process of FIG. 22A showing the method for fabricating the non-volatile semiconductor memory according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 23B is a cross-sectional view in the row direction after the process of FIG. 22B showing the method for fabricating the non-volatile semiconductor memory according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 24 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a memory cell transistor of a non-volatile semiconductor memory according to a first modification of the present invention.
FIG. 25 is a cross-sectional view for explaining operation of the memory cell transistor of the non-volatile semiconductor memory according to the first modification of the present invention.
FIG. 26 is a cross-sectional view in the column direction (III-III direction of FIG. 2) showing an example of a method for fabricating the non-volatile semiconductor memory according to a second modification of the present invention.
FIG. 27 is a cross-sectional view in the column direction after the process of FIG. 26 showing the method for fabricating the non-volatile semiconductor memory according to the second modification of the present invention.
FIG. 28 is a cross-sectional view in the column direction showing an example of a cell array of a non-volatile semiconductor memory according to a third modification of the present invention.
FIG. 29 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a peripheral circuit in the non-volatile semiconductor memory according to the third modification of the present invention.
FIG. 30A is a cross-sectional view showing an example of method for fabricating a cell array of a non-volatile semiconductor memory according to the third modification of the present invention.
FIG. 30B is a cross-sectional view showing a method for fabricating a peripheral circuit of the non-volatile semiconductor memory according to the third modification of the present invention.
FIG. 31A is a cross-sectional view after the process of FIG. 30A showing the method for fabricating the cell array of the non-volatile semiconductor memory according to the third modification of the present invention.
FIG. 31B is a cross-sectional view after the process of FIG. 30B showing the method for fabricating the peripheral circuit of the non-volatile semiconductor memory according to the third modification of the present invention.
FIG. 32A is a cross-sectional view after view FIG. 31A showing the method for fabricating the cell array of the non-volatile semiconductor memory according to the third modification of the present invention.
FIG. 32B is a cross-sectional view after the process of FIG. 31B showing the method for fabricating the peripheral circuit of the non-volatile semiconductor memory according to the third modification of the present invention.
FIG. 33A is a cross-sectional view after view FIG. 32A showing the method for fabricating the cell array of the non-volatile semiconductor memory according to the third modification of the present invention.
FIG. 33B is a cross-sectional view after the process of FIG. 32B showing the method for fabricating the peripheral circuit of the non-volatile semiconductor memory according to the third modification of the present invention.
FIG. 34A is a cross-sectional view after view FIG. 33A showing the method for fabricating the cell array of the non-volatile semiconductor memory according to the third modification of the present invention.
FIG. 34B is a cross-sectional view after the process of FIG. 33B showing the method for fabricating the peripheral circuit of the non-volatile semiconductor memory according to the third modification of the present invention.
FIG. 35 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of a peripheral circuit in a non-volatile semiconductor memory according to the third modification of the present invention.
FIG. 36 is a circuit diagram showing an example of a two-transistor type cell array in a non-volatile semiconductor memory according to the fourth modification of the present invention.
FIG. 37 is a block diagram showing an example of a flash memory system using a non-volatile semiconductor memory according to the fifth modification of the present invention.
FIG. 38 is a cross-sectional view in the column direction showing an example of a non-volatile semiconductor memory according to the sixth modification of the present invention.
FIG. 39 is a cross-sectional view in the row direction showing an example of a non-volatile semiconductor memory according to the sixth modification of the present invention.
FIG. 40 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of a non-volatile semiconductor memory according to the sixth modification of the present invention.
FIG. 41 is a cross-sectional view in the row direction showing a cell array of a non-volatile semiconductor memory according to a comparative example.
FIG. 42 is a cross-sectional view in the row direction showing the call array of a non-volatile semiconductor memory according to the comparative example.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Various embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be noted that the same or similar reference numerals are applied to the same or similar parts and elements throughout the drawings, and the description of the same or similar parts and elements will be omitted or simplified.
Generally and as it is conventional in the representation of semiconductor devices, it will be appreciated that the various drawings are not drawn to scale from one figure to another nor inside a given figure, and in particular that the layer thicknesses are arbitrarily drawn for facilitating the reading of the drawings.
In the following descriptions, numerous specific details are set forth such as specific signal values, etc. to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without such specific details. In other instances, well-known circuits have been shown in block diagram form in order not to obscure the present invention in unnecessary detail.
A non-volatile semiconductor memory according to an embodiment of the present invention is an insulating film (SOI insulator) and an NAND flash EEPROM in which a plurality of memory cell transistors are arranged in a matrix on the SOI insulator. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the non-volatile semiconductor memory taken along the I-I line in the column direction as shown in FIG. 2. As shown in FIG. 1, the memory cell transistors MT₁₁to MT_1nare depletion mode MIS transistors including source and drain regions 421 to 42 (n+1) having a first conductivity (n⁺) type. The memory cell transistors MT₁₁to MT_1nare arranged on the SOI insulator 1, and are opposite to each other. Channel regions 411 to 41 n having a first conductivity (n⁻) type are interposed between each adjacent pair of the source and drain regions 421 to 42 (n+1). The impurity concentrations of the channel regions 411 to 41 n are lower than that of the source and drain regions 421 to 42(n+1). Floating gate electrodes 13 are insulated, and each is arranged above each of the channel regions 411 to 41 n. Control gate electrodes 15 are insulated, and each is arranged above each of the floating gate electrodes 13.
The memory cell transistors MT₁₁to MT_1ninclude the channel regions 411 to 41 n having a conductivity which is the same as that of the source and drain regions 421 to 42(n+1), thereby constituting the depletion mode MIS transistors. The “MIS transistor” is an insulated gate transistor, such as a field effect transistor (FET) and a static induction transistor (SIT), which controls channel current by gate voltage through an insulating film (gate insulating film) interposed between a gate electrode and a channel region. A MISFET in which a silicon oxide film (SiO₂film) is used as a gate insulating film is referred to as a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET). In addition SiO₂, silicon nitride (Si₃N₄) tantalum oxide (Ta₂O₅), titanium oxide (TiO₂), alumina (Al₂O₃), zirconium oxide (ZrO₂) and the like can be used as a material for the gate insulating film of the MIS transistor.
In FIG. 1, for example, n (n is an integer) memory cell transistors MT₁₁to MT_1nare arranged in the column direction so that they are adjacent to one another. Each of the memory cell transistors MT₁₁to MT_1nis a depletion mode MIS transistor including: the source and drain regions 421 to 42(n+1), each of which is common to each adjacent pair of the memory cell transistors MT₁₁to MT_1n; floating gate electrodes 13, each of which is arranged above one of the channel regions 411 to 41 n interposed between each adjacent pair of the source and drain regions 421 to 42(n+1) with a gate insulating film (tunnel oxide film) 12 interposed between the floating gate electrode and the channel region; and control gate electrodes 15, each of which is arranged above each of the floating gate electrodes 13 with an inter-electrode insulating film 14 interposed between the control gate electrode and the floating gate electrode. Each of the memory cell transistors Mt₁₁to MT₁₁is a depletion mode MIS transistor implemented by a stacked gate structure in which the floating gate electrodes 13 and the control gate electrodes 15 are stacked. Si₃N₄, Ta₂O₅, TiO₂, Al₂O₃, ZrO₂, oxide/nitride/oxide (ONO), phosphor silicate glass (PSG), boron phosphor silicate glass (BPSG), silicon oxide nitride (SiON), barium titanate (BaTiO₃), silicon oxide fluoride (SiO_xF_x), and organic resins such as polyimide can be used as materials for the inter-electrode insulating film 14.
SiO₂, sapphire (Al₂O₃) and the like can be used as materials of the SOI insulator 1 with which an SOI structure is provided. Single crystal silicon, silicon germanium (SiGe) and the like can be used as a material for an semiconductor layer (SOI layer) 2 provided on the top of the SOI insulating film 1. The n⁻ channel regions 411 to 41 n and the n⁺-source and drain regions 421 to 42(n+1) are arranged in the SOI insulating layer 2. Each of the source regions 421 to 42 n, each of the channel regions 411 to 41 n and each of the drain regions 422 to 42(n+1) are arranged alternately in one column direction so that, out of the plurality of memory cell transistors MT₁₁to MT_1narranged in the column direction in the matrix, the drain region 422 of one memory cell transistor MT₁₁serves as the source region 422 of another memory cell transistor MT₁₂, adjacent to the memory cell transistor MT₁₁. The memory cell transistors MT₁₁to MT_mnare arranged in a plurality of parallel columns so that the source regions 421 to 42 n, the channel regions 411 to 41 n and the drain regions 422 to 42(n+1) are isolated from the corresponding source regions, channel regions and drain regions in other columns.
Each of two select gate transistors STS1 and STD1 is arranged in, and adjacent to, each end of the column direction of the memory cell transistors MT₁₁to MT_1n. The select gate transistor STS1 is an enhancement MIS transistor including: an n⁺ drain region 421 which is common a source region 421 of the memory cell transistor MT 11 positioned in one end of the arrangement in the column direction; a channel region 42 having a second conductivity (p) type arranged so as to be adjacent to the drain region 421; an n⁺ source region 43 arranged so as to be adjacent to the channel region 42; select gate electrodes 13 a and 15 a arranged above the channel region 42 with the gate insulating film 12 interposed between the channel region 42 and the set of select gate electrodes 13 a and 15 a. The drain region 421, the channel region 42 and the source region 43 are arranged in the SOI layer 2. A source line contact 18 is arranged on the source region 43 so that the source line contact 18 is adjacent to the select gate transistor STS1.
Alternatively, the select gate transistor STD1 is an enhancement MIS transistor including: an n⁺ source region 42(n+1) which is common a drain region 42(n+1) of the memory cell transistor MT in positioned in another end of the arrangement in the column direction; a channel region 44 having a second conductivity type (p) arranged so as to be adjacent to the source region 42(n+1); an n⁺ drain region 45 arranged so as to be adjacent to the channel region 44; select gate electrodes 13 b and 15 b arranged above the channel region 44 with the gate insulating film 12 interposed between the channel region 44 and the set of select gate electrodes 13 b and 15 b. The source region 42(n ⁺), the channel region 44 and the drain region 45 are arranged in the SOI layer 2. A bit line contact 17 is arranged on the drain region 45 so that the bit line contact 17 is adjacent to the select gate transistor STDl.
As shown in FIG. 2, the following are arranged in the column direction of a cell array in the non-volatile semiconductor memory according to the present embodiment: a source line SL connected to the source line contact 18; a select gate line SGS to which the select gate electrodes 13 a and 15 a of a select gate transistor STS1 are connected; word lines WL1 to WLn to which the control gate electrodes 15 of the respective memory cell transistors MT₁₁to MT_1nare connected; and a select gate line SGD to which the select gate electrodes 13 b and 15 b of the select gate transistor STD1 are connected. Bit lines BL1 and BL2 connected to the bit line contact 17 are arranged in the row direction.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the non-volatile semiconductor memory taken along the II-II line in the row direction shown in FIG. 2. As shown in FIG. 3, an element isolation insulating film 6 is embedded between the floating gate electrode 13 and the channel region 411 of each of the memory cell transistors MT₁₁and MT₂₁which are adjacent to one another in the row direction. Elements of the respective memory cell transistors MT₁₁and MT₂₁, which are adjacent to one another in the row direction, are completely isolated from one another. A peripheral circuit of a cell array arranged on a semiconductor substrate is further provided in the outside of the cell array comprised of a plurality of memory cell transistors.
An equivalent circuit of the non-volatile semiconductor memory according to the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 is shown in FIG. 4. As shown in FIG. 4, a cell array 100 comprises m×n (m and n are integers) memory cell transistors MT₁₁to MT_1n, MT₂₁to MT_2n, . . . , MT_mnto MT_mnwhich are depletion mode MIS transistors. In the cell array 100, a plurality of memory cell transistors MT₁₁to MT₁₁are arranged as a group in a column; a plurality of memory cell transistors MT₂₁to MT_2nare arranged as a group in another column; . . . ; and a plurality of memory cell transistors MT_m1to MT_mnare arranged as a group in the other column. In addition, the group of memory cell transistors MT₁₁to MT_1n, the group of memory cell transistors MT₂₁to MT_2n, and the group of memory cell transistors MT_m1to MT_mnare arranged in the row direction. In this way, the plurality of memory cell transistors MT₁₁to MT_1n, MT₂₁to MT_2n, . . . , MT_m1to MT_mnare arranged in a matrix.
In a cell array 100, the memory cell transistors MT11 to MT1n, the select gate transistors STS1 and STD1 are connected in series, thereby comprising a cell unit. The drain region of the enhancement mode select gate transistor STS1 which selects one out of the memory cell transistors MT₁₁to MT_1nis connected to the source region of the memory cell transistor MT₁₁positioned at one end of the arrangement in which the group of memory cell transistors MT₁₁to MT_1nare connected in series. The source region of the enhancement selective gate transistor STD1 which selects one out of the memory cell transistors MT₁₁to MT_1nis connected to the drain region of the memory cell transistor MT_1npositioned at the other end of the arrangement in which the group of memory cell transistors MT₁₁to MT_1nare connected in series. The select gate transistor STS2, the memory cell transistors MT₂₁to MT_2nand the select gate transistor STD2 are also connected in series, thereby comprising a cell unit; . . . ; the select gate transistor STSm, the memory cell transistors MT_m1to MT_mnand the select gate transistor STDm are also connected in series, thereby comprising a cell unit.
The source regions of the respective select gate transistors STS1 to STSm are connected with a source line SL common the source regions. A source line driver 103 which supplies voltage to the source line SL is connected to the source line SL. The following are connected to a row decoder 101: a select gate line SGS common the select gate transistors STS1 to STSm; a select gate line SGD common the select gate transistors STD1 to STDm; a word line WL1 common the memory cell transistors MT₁₁, MT₂₁, . . . , MT_m1; a word line WL2 common the memory cell transistors MT₁₂, MT₂₂, . . . , MT_m2; . . . ; and a word line WLn common the memory cell transistors MT_1n, MT_2n, . . . , MTmn. The row decoder 101 obtains a row address decoded signal by decoding a row address signal, and supplies operation voltage to the word lines WL1 to WLm and the select gate lines SGS and SGD in a selective manner. Each of bit lines BL1 to BLm is connected to the drain region of each of the select gate transistors STD1 to STDm. A sense amplifier 102 and a column decoder 104 are connected to the bit lines BL1 to BLm. The column decoder 104 obtains a column address decoded signal by decoding a column address signal, and selects one out of the bit lines BL1 to BLm based on the column address decoded signal. The sense amplifier 102 amplifies data which has been read from a memory cell transistor selected by the row decoder 101 and the column decoder 104.
Next, a description will be provided for operations of writing, erasing and reading performed by the non-volatile semiconductor memory according to the embodiment of the present invention. In an initial state (data is 1) where the memory cell transistor MT₁₁shown in FIG. 1 has not accumulated electrons in its floating gate electrode 13, a threshold voltage of the memory cell transistor MT₁₁is a negative threshold voltage Ve as shown in FIG. 5, since the memory cell transistor MT₁₁is a depletion mode memory cell transistor. To begin with, a description will be provided for an example of a writing operation with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7. Hereinafter, it is assumed that the memory cell transistor MT₁₁is selected during its writing and reading operations. The memory cell transistor MT₁₁which has been selected is referred to as a “selected memory cell transistor,” and the memory cell transistors MT₁₂to MT_1n, MT₂₁to MT_2n, . . . , and MT_m1to MT_mnwhich have not been selected are referred to as “non-selected memory cell transistors.” The bit line BL1 and the word line WL1 connected to the selected memory cell transistor MT₁₁are referred to as a “selected bit line” and a “selected word line” respectively. The bit lines BL2 to BLm and the word lines WL2 to WLn connected only to the non-selected memory cell transistors MT21 to MT 2 n, . . . , MTm1 and MTmn are referred to as “non-selected bit lines” and “non-selected word lines.”
A voltage of 0 V and a power supply voltage Vcc (for example, 3V) are applied to the selected bit line BL1 and the source line SL respectively. A voltage of 0 V is applied to the select gate line SGS, thus causing the select gate transistor STS1 to be in the “off” state, thus causing the source line SL to be in the “cut-off” state. The power supply voltage Vcc (for example, 3 V) is applied to the select gate line SGD, and the select gate transistor STD1 is caused to be in the “on” state, accordingly causing 0 V in the selected bit line BL1 to be transmitted to the selected memory cell transistor MT_1n.
A write voltage V_pgm(for example, 20 V) is applied to the selected word line WL1. An intermediate potential V_pass1(for example, 10 V) is applied to each of the non-selected word lines WL2 to WLm. The selected memory cell transistor MT₁₁and the non-selected memory cell transistors MT₁₂to MT₁₁are all caused to be in the “on” state, thus causing 0 V in the selected bit line BL1 to be transmitted.
In the selected memory cell transistor MT₁₁, the write voltage V_pgm(for example, 20 V) is applied to the control gate electrode 15 shown in FIG. 1, and a high electric field is applied between the channel region 411 underneath the floating gate electrode 13 to which 0 V is transmitted from the selected bit line BL1 and the floating gate electrode 13, thus injecting electrons into the floating gate electrode 13 through the gate insulating film 12. Once electrons have been accumulated in floating gate electrode 13, a threshold voltage of the selected memory cell transistor MT₁₁increases by ΔV from the negative threshold voltage Ve to a positive threshold voltage Vp, and accordingly the selected memory cell transistor MT₁₁is in the “write” state (data is 0).
For example, the power supply voltage Vcc (for instance, 3 V) is applied to each of the non-selected bit lines BL2 to BLm. A voltage of 0 V is applied to the select gate line SGS, and thus each of the select gate transistors STS2 to STSm is in the “off” state, accordingly causing the source line SL to be in the “cut-off” state. The power supply voltage Vcc (for example, 3 V) is applied to the select gate line SGD, thus causing each of the selected gate transistors STD2 to STDm to be in the “on” state. Accordingly, voltages (for example, 3 V-Vth V), which are obtained by subtracting the threshold voltage Vth in the select gate transistors STD2 to STDm from the power supply voltages Vcc in the non-selected bit lines BL2 to BLm respectively, to be transmitted to the non-selected memory cell transistors MT₂₁to MT_2n, . . . , MT_m1to MT_mn. Since the select gate line SGS is in the “cut-off” state, electric potential differences between each of the select gate transistors STD2 to STDm and each of the source regions of the respective non-selected memory cell transistors, to which the aforementioned voltages are transmitted, are caused to be (Vcc)−(Vcc−Vth)=Vth V. Consequently, the select gate transistors SGD2 to SGDm are also in the “cut-off” state.
When the select gate transistors SGD2 to SGDm and the select gate transistors SGS2 to SGSm are cut off, the channel regions underneath the respective non-selected memory cell transistors MT₂₁to MT_2n, . . . , MT_m1to MT_mnare in the “on” state, and the channel regions from the source line SL and the bit lines BL2 to BLm are in the “floating” state. Potentials of channel regions which have been in the “floating” state are increased (larger than, or equal to, Vcc and smaller than, equal to, Vpass, for example 7 to 8 V) by the coupling of the potentials Vpgm and Vpass.
Since channel potentials of the non-selected memory cell transistors MT₂₁to MT_2n, . . . , MT_m1to MT_mnare increased, even if the write voltage Vpgm (for example, 20V) is applied to the non-selected memory cell transistors MT₂₁to MT_2n, . . . , MT_m1to MT_mn, differences in potential between each of the non-selected memory cell transistors MT21 to MTm1 and each of the corresponding floating gate electrodes 13 are small. Accordingly, electrons are not injected into the floating gate electrodes 13.
Next, a description will be provided for an example of the erasing operation with reference to FIGS. 6 and 8. In the NAND flash EEPROM, data can be erased simultaneously from all the memory cell transistors in a selected block. Here, a description will be provided for an example of a simultaneous erasure of all the written data from the memory cell transistors MT₁₁to MT_1n, MT₂₁to MT_2n, . . . , MT_m1to MT_mnin the cell array 100.
An erase voltage Vera (for example, 20 V) is applied to all the bit lines BL1 to BLm and the source line SL, respectively. An initial voltage Vsgd (for example, 4 V) is applied to the select gate line SGD, so that the select gate transistor STD1 is in the “on” state. Accordingly, the erase voltage Vera (for example, 20 V) in the bit line BL1 to BLm is transmitted to the memory cell transistors MT_1n, MT_2n, . . . , MT_mn. An initial voltage Vsgs (for example, 4 V) is applied to the select gate line SGS, so that the select gate transistor STS1 is in an “on” state. Accordingly, the erase voltage Vera (for example, 20 V) in the source line SL is transmitted to the memory cell transistors MT₁₁, MT₂₁, . . . , MT_m1.
A voltage of 0 V is applied to all the word lines WL1 to WLn. Since the memory cell transistors MT₁₁to MT_1n, MT₂₁to MT_2n, . . . , MT_m1to MT_mnare depletion mode memory cell transistors, the memory cell transistors MT₁₁to MT_1n, MT₂₁to MT_2n, . . . , MT_m1to MT_mnare in the “on” state if 0 V is applied to the control gate electrodes 15. When the erase voltage Vera (for example, 20 V) is applied to the SOI layer 2, electrons are emitted from the floating gate electrodes 13 to the channel regions through the gate insulating film 12. Once the electrons are emitted from the floating gate electrodes 13, the threshold voltage of the selected memory cell transistor MT₁₁is decreased by ΔV from a positive threshold voltage Vp to a negative threshold voltage Ve as shown in FIG. 5. Thus, the selected memory cell transistor MT₁₁will in the “erase” state (date is 1). Consequently, data are erased simultaneously from the memory cell transistors MT₁₁to MT_1n, MT₂₁to MT_2n, . . . , MT_m1to MT_mn.
Next, a description will be provided for an example of a reading operation with reference to FIGS. 6 and 9. A pre-charged voltage V_b1(for example, 1 V) is applied to each of the bit lines BL1 to BLm, and 0 V is applied to the source line SL. The power supply voltage Vcc (for example, 3 V) is applied to the select gate line SGS, so that the select gate transistor STS1 is in the “on” state Accordingly, 0 V in the source line SL is transmitted to the memory cell transistors MT_1n, MT₂₁, . . . , MT_m1. The power supply voltage Vcc (for example, 3 V) is applied to the select gate line SGD, so that the select gate transistor STD1 is in the “on” state. Accordingly, the pre-charged voltage V_b1(for example, 1 V) in the bit lines BL1 to BLm is transmitted to the memory cell transistors MT_1n, MT_2n, . . . , MT_mn.
A voltage V_read(for example, 4.5 V), which is higher than the power supply voltage Vcc, is applied to the non-selected word lines WL2 to WLm, so that the non-selected memory cell transistors MT₁₂to MT_1n, MT₂₁to MT_2n, and MT_m1to MT_mnare in the “on” state. Accordingly, the non-selected memory cell transistors MT₁₂to MT_1n, MT₂₁to MT_2n, and MT_m1to MT_mnserve as transfer transistors. A voltage of 0 V is applied to the selected word line WL1. In the memory cell transistor MT₁₁, 0 V is applied to the control gate electrode 15 as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11. In a case where electrons have not been accumulated in the floating gate electrode 13 as shown in FIG. 10, the threshold voltage Ve of the selected memory cell transistor MT₁₁is less than 0 V as shown in FIG. 5. For this reason, even if the voltage applied to the control gate electrode 15 is 0 V, the selected memory cell transistor MT₁₁is in the “on” state, and accordingly channel current flows. On the other hand, when electrons have accumulated in the floating gate electrode 13 as shown in FIG. 11, the threshold voltage Vp of the selected memory cell transistor MT₁₁is higher than 0 V as shown in FIG. 5. A depletion layer A of the channel region 411 underneath the floating gate electrode 13 spreads as shown in FIG. 11. Accordingly, the memory cell transistor MT₁₁is in the “off” state. Thus, the channel current does not flow. If the channel current flows into the selected memory cell transistor MT₁₁, it is judged on determined that the selected memory cell transistor MT₁₁is in the “erase” state (data is “1”). If the channel current does not flow into the selected memory cell transistor MT₁₁, it is judged on determined that the selected memory cell transistor MT₁₁is in the “write” state (data is “0”).
FIG. 41 shows a comparative example of enhancement memory cell transistors MT₁₁₁to MT_11n. Each of the memory cell transistors MT₁₁₁to MT 11 n includes an n⁺-source and drain region 104 which are provided on a p-semiconductor substrate 111, and a floating gate electrode 113 and a control gate electrode 115 which are provided above a channel region between the source and drain regions 104. As each of the memory cell transistors MT111 to MT11 n as the enhancement transistor has been minaturized, the width W of the channel region between the source and drain regions 104 has become so narrow that the influence of the short channel effect has increased. On the contrary, the channel region is depleted in a state whrere electrons have been accumulated in the floating gate electrode 13, thereby enabling the short channel effect to be reduced. This is because the memory cell transistors MT₁₁to MT_1nare depletion mode transistors having the source and drain regions 421 to 42(n+1) and the channel regions 411 to 41 n.
In addition, in a case where electrons have accumulated in the floating gate electrode 13 of the selected memory cell transistor MT₁₁as shown in FIG. 11, when 0 V is applied to the control gate electrode 15 during a reading operation, the channel region 411 is depleted, thus enabling the selected memory cell transistor MT₁₁to be fully in the “off” state. The thinner the SOI layer 2 is, the easier for the memory cell transistors MT11 to MT1 n to be in the “off” state. For this reason, it is preferable that the SOI layer 2 may have a thickness of approximately 30 nm to 40 nm, and it is more preferable that the SOI layer 2 may have a thickness of approximately 30 nm to 35 nm.
Furthermore, in the NAND flash EEPROM to which the SOI technology is adapted, a voltage of the same polarity is applied during operations of writing, erasing and reading as shown in FIG. 6, thereby the operations can be performed in common with the NAND flash EEPROM to which the SOI technology is not adapted. Consequently, the timing adjustment is easier, and the area of the peripheral circuit portion can be reduced, in comparison with a case where operation voltages of the two polarities, positive and negative, are applied.
Moreover, it is easier to cut off the source line SL and the bit line BL1, since the select gate transistors STS 1 and STD1, shown in FIG. 1, connected in series in the column direction with the memory cell transistors MT₁₁to MT_1nare enhancement transistors.
Additionally, in the comparative example, influence of a capacitance C_ch-subbetween the channel region 104 and the semiconductor substrate 111 is large as shown in FIG. 42. On the other hand, the capacitance of the SOI layer 2 can be reduced because of the SOI structure in which the SOI layer 2 is formed on the SOI insulator 1 as shown in FIG. 1. In addition, the memory cell transistors MT111 and MT121 of the comparative case are isolated from one another in the row direction by element isolation regions (STI) 106, respectively, as shown in FIG. 42, and a parasitic capacitance C_stiis generated between the element isolation regions (STI) 106. On the other hand, the memory cell transistors MT₁₁and MT₂₁in the row direction are completely isolated from each other by the element isolation insulating film 6 as shown in FIG. 3. Consequently, parasitic capacitance C_stiinfluence between the element isolation regions (STI) 106 shown in FIG. 42 can be reduced. Accordingly, punch-through immunity, field inversion breakdown voltage and the like do not have to be considered. For this reason, the widths Ws of the respective element isolation insulating films 6 in the row direction shown in FIG. 3 can be set at a minimum width for allowing lithographic and etching techniques.
The peripheral circuit (MOS transistor), which is not illustrated, for driving the memory cell transistors MT₁₁to MT_1n, MT₂₁to MT_2n, . . . , MTm1 to MTmn can also be formed on the SOI layer 2 provided in the SOI insulator 1. With regard to an n-channel MOS transistor used for a CMOS circuit, a p-type impurity diffusion layer and an n-type impurity diffusion layer may be used, in common with the select gate transistor. With regard to a p-channel MOS transistor used for the CMOS circuit, an n-type impurity diffusion layer and a p-type impurity diffusion layer may be used.
Next, a description will be provided for an example of a method for fabricating the non-volatile semiconductor memory according to the present embodiment. Here, FIGS. 12A, 13A, and 23A show a fabrication cross-sectional process flow of the cell array 100 shown in FIG. 2 in the column direction taken along the III-III line. In addition, FIGS. 12B, 13B, . . . , and 23B show a fabrication cross-sectional process flow of the cell array 100 in the row direction taken along the II-II line.
As shown in FIGS. 12A and 12B, the SOI layer 2 having a first conductivity type provided on the SOI insulator 1 is prepared. As a technique for providing the SOI layer 2 on the SOI insulator 1, the SIMOX technique, the wafer bonding technique and the like can be used. According to the SIMOX technique, oxygen ions (O⁺) are implanted into a silicon (Si) substrate, which is not illustrated, and then the silicon substrate is thermally treated. Thereby, the SOI insulator 1 is formed in the Si substrate, and the SOI layer 2 is formed on the SOI insulator 1. According to the wafer bonding technique, the SOI insulator 1 is formed on one of the two wafers. Then, the two wafers are bonded, and are thermally treated. Subsequently, one of the two wafers is made into a thin film through planarization, thereby forming the SOI layer 2.
A resist film is coated on the SOI layer 2, and the resist film is patterned by the lithographic technique. As shown in FIGS. 13A and 13B, ions having p-type impurity such as boron (¹¹B⁺) are implanted with the patterned resist film 21 used as a mask. Residual resist film 21 is removed by use of resist remover or the like. A resist film is coated on the SOI layer 2, and then the resist film is patterned with the lithographic technique. Subsequently, as shown in FIGS. 14A and 14B, ions having n-type impurity, such as phosphorus (³¹P⁺) and arsenic (⁷⁵As⁺), are implanted with the patterned resist film 22 used as a mask. When deemed necessary, a resist film is also coated on the region surrounding the cell array 100, where the peripheral circuit is to be formed, and the coated resist film is patterned. Then, if necessary, ions are implanted.
As shown in FIGS. 15A and 15B, a gate insulating film (tunnel oxidation film) 12 such as a SiO₂film is formed by use of the thermal oxidation method so that the thickness of the gate insulating film is approximately 1 nm to 15 nm. A p-doped first polysilicon layer (floating gate electrode) 13 x, which is going to be a floating gate electrode, is deposited on the gate insulating film 12 by reduced pressurized CVD so that the thickness of the first polysilicon layer may be 10 nm to 200 nm. Subsequently, a mask material 5 such as a Si₃N₄film is deposited on the first polysilicon layer 13 x by CVD so that the thickness of the mask material may be approximately 50 nm to 200 nm.
A resist film is spin-coated on the mask material 5, and an etching mask of the resist film is formed by the lithographic technique. Parts of the mask material 5 are removed in a selective manner by the reactive ion etching (RIE) in which an etching mask is used. After etching, the resist film is removed. With the mask material 5 used as a mask, parts of the first polysilicon layer 13 x, the gate insulating film 12 and the SOI layer 2 are removed in the column direction in a selective manner until the SOI insulating layer 1 underneath the parts is exposed. As a result, groove portions 7 are formed which penetrate through the first polysilicon layer 13 x, the gate insulating film 12 and the SOI layer 2, as shown in FIGS. 16A and 16B. Although FIG. 16B shows that parts of the SOI insulating layer 1 are removed, the SOI insulating layer 1 may remain planar.
As shown in FIGS. 17A and 17B, an element isolation insulating film 6 is embedded in the groove portions 7 shown in FIG. 16B by CVD or the like so that the thickness of the element isolation insulating film 6 is approximately 200 nm to 1,500 nm. As shown in FIGS. 18A and 18B, the element isolation insulating film 6 is etched back by use of chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) so that the element isolation insulating film 6 may be planarized. The upper surfaces of the element isolation insulating films 6 are situated in positions higher than the upper surfaces of the gate insulating films 12. As a result, the elements of the memory cell transistors MT₁₁to MT₂₁in the row direction are completely isolated from one another.
As shown in FIGS. 19A and 19B, an inter-electrode insulating film 14 is deposited on the tops of the first polysilicn layers 13 x and the tops of the element isolation insulating films 6 by CVD or the like. A resist film 23 is coated on the inter-electrode insulating film 14, and the resist film 23 is patterned by the lithographic technique. As shown in FIGS. 20A and 20B, opening portions 8 are formed in a part of the inter-electrode insulating film 14 with the patterned resist film 23 used as a mask by RIE or the like. As shown in FIGS. 21A and 21B, a p-doped second polysilicon layer (control gate electrode) 15 x, which will be a control gate electrode, is deposited on the inter-electrode insulating film 14 by CVD so that the thickness of the second polysilicon layer 15 x is approximately 10 nm to 200 nm.
A resist film 24 is coated on the second polysilicon layer 15 x, and the resist film 24 is patterned by the lithographic technique. As shown in FIGS. 22A and 22B, parts of the second polysilicon layer 15 x, the inter-electrode insulating layer 14, and the first polysilicon layer 13 x are removed in the row direction with the patterned resist film 24 used as a mask by RIE in a selective manner until the gate insulating film 12 underneath the parts is exposed. As a result, grooves are formed which penetrate through the second polysislicon layer 15 x, the inter-electrode insulating film 14 and the first polysilicon layer 13 x. The resist film 24 is removed by a resist remover and the like.
Ions of ³¹P⁺ or ⁷⁵As⁺ are implanted through the gate insulating films 12 in a self-aligned manner with the second polysilicon layer 15 x used as a mask. Subsequently, n-type impurity ions of the first polysilicon layers 13 x and the second polysilison layers 15 x are activated by thermal treatment. Thereby, the floating gate electrodes 13 and the control gate electrodes 15 are formed. As shown in FIGS. 23A and 23B, p-type impurity ions and n-type impurity ions in the SOI layer 2 are activated. Accordingly, n⁺-type impurity diffusion layers (source and drain regions) 421 and 422 are formed in the SOI layer 2 positioned at the bottom of grooves as shown in FIG. 1, and an n⁻-type impurity diffusion layer (channel region) 411 is formed in the SOI layer 2 underneath the first polysilicon layer 13 x. Consequently, the depletion mode memory cell transistor MT₁₁is formed. Similarly, n⁺-type impurity diffusion layers (source and drain regions) 423 to 42(n+1) are formed in the SOI layer 2 positioned at the bottom of the grooves as shown in FIG. 1, and n⁻-type impurity diffusion layers (channel regions) 412 to 41 n are formed in the SOI layer 2 underneath the first polysilicon layer 13 x. Consequently, the memory cell transistors, illustration omitted, are crossed in the column direction and in the row direction and the memory cell transistors are formed in a matrix.
Simultaneously, the select gate electrodes 13 a and 15 a are formed as shown in FIGS. 23A and 23B. A p-type impurity diffusion layer (channel region) 42 is formed in the SOI layer 2, and an n⁺-type impurity diffusion layer (source region) 43 is formed. Thereby, an enhancement mode select gate transistor STS1 is formed. The select gate electrodes 13 b and 15 b shown in FIG. 1 are formed, and the p-impurity diffusion layer (channel region) 44 and the n⁺-type impurity diffusion layer (drain region) 45 are formed. Thereby, the enhancement mode select gate transistor STD1 is also formed. Subsequently, predetermined interconnects and insulating films are formed or deposited, thereby completing the non-volatile semiconductor memory shown in FIG. 1.
In accordance with the method for fabricating the semiconductor storage device according to the embodiment shown in FIGS. 12A to 23B, the non-volatile semiconductor memory shown in FIG. 1 can be provided. Since the element isolation region (STI) 6 as shown in FIG. 1 does not have to be embedded, a minaturized process can be performed with ease. Note that the method for fabricating the non-volatile semiconductor memory shown in FIG. 12A to FIG. 23B is an example. It is possible to provide the non-volatile semiconductor memory by other various methods.
(First Modification)
In a first modification of the present invention, with regard to the memory cell transistor MT₁₁shown in FIG. 1, n⁺-source and drain regions 421 and 422 may be extended to parts of an SOI layer 2 underneath a floating gate electrode 13 as shown in FIG. 24.
In a case where the SOI layer 2 underneath the floating gate electrode 13 is comprised of only an n channel region 411 as shown in FIG. 1, if the voltage in a control gate electrode 15 is 0 V for an erasing operation in a state whrere electrons have accumulated in the floating gate electrode 13, the erasing operation is retarded due to formation of a depletion layer in the n⁻ channel region 411.
By contrast, according to the first modification, the n⁺-source and drain regions 421 and 422 are provided in the SOI layer 2 underneath the floating gate electrode 13 as shown in FIG. 24, thereby the n⁺-source and drain regions 421 and 422 are not easily depleted. Accordingly, electrons are easily extracted between the floating gate electrode 13 and each of the n⁺-source and drain regions 421 and 422. For this reason, it is possible to speed up the erasing operation. An n channel region 411 is provided in the middle of the SOI layer 2 underneath the floating gate electrode 13. Because of this, during the reading operation, the n⁻ channel region 411 underneath the floating gate electrode 13 is depleted as shown in FIG. 25, accordingly forming a depletion layer A′. Thus, channel current can be fully off.
In according with the method for fabricating the non-volatile semiconductor memory according to the first modification, during the source and drain diffusion, the source and drain regions 421 and 422 may be formed by forming the n channel region 411 in the middle of the SOI layer 2 underneath the floating gate electrode 13 and by diffusing an n-type impurity as far as parts of the SOI layer 2 underneath the floating gate electrode 13.
(Second Modification)
In a method for fabricating a non-volatile semiconductor memory according to a second modification, only p-type impurity ions are implanted in the entire surface of an SOI layer 2, instead of implanting p-type impurity ions and n-type impurity ions into the SOI layer 2 in a selective manner as shown in FIGS. 13A to 14B. Subsequently, a series of steps shown in FIGS. 15A to 22B are performed in substantially the same manner.
Then, as shown in FIG. 26, n-type impurity ions are implanted in a self-aligned manner with a second polysilicon layer 15 x used as a mask, and a thermal treatment is performed. As a result, n-type impurity ions in the SOI layer 2 are activated, and hence n⁺-source and drain regions 421 and 422 as well as a source region 43 are formed as shown in FIG. 27. In addition, the n-type impurity ions diffuse, and an n channel region 411 is formed in the SOI layer 2 underneath a floating gate electrode 13. In the same way, n⁺-source and drain regions 423 to 42(n+1) as well as n-channel regions 412 to 41 n shown in FIG. 1 are formed. The n-type impurity ions diffuse, and hence each of the source and drain region 421 and the source region 43 is expanded by a length Ln into the SOI layer 2 underneath select gate electrodes 13 a and 15 a. On this point, a length Lw1 of a control gate electrode 15 in a memory cell transistor MT₁₁may be shorter than a length 2Ln aggregating the length Ln of the expansion of the source and drain region 421 and the length Ln of the expanded the source region 43. A length Lsg of each of the select gate electrodes 13 a and 15 a may be set longer than the length 2Ln aggregating the length Ln of the expanded the source and drain region 421 and the length Ln of the expanded the source region 43.
As shown in FIG. 13A, it is difficult to implant p-type impurity ions into parts of the SOI layer 2, on which a select gate transistor STS1 is formed, the length of which is denoted by Lp. By contrast, according to the second modification, ions are implanted in a self-aligned manner with the second polysilicon layer 15 x as a mask, and a thermal treatment is performed, as shown in FIG. 27. Hence, a measurement margin equal to the length 2Ln can be achieved while a channel length Lp of a p channel region is formed, and a p channel region 42 underneath the select gate electrodes 13 a and 15 a can be easily formed.
Note that it is possible to form p channel region 44 underneath the select gate electrode 13 b, 15 b of the select gate transistors SGD1 shown in FIG. 1 easily in the same way. Since other steps are substantially the same as the steps shown in FIGS. 12A to 23B, repeated explanation is omitted.
(Third Modification)
A non-volatile semiconductor memory according to a third modification is different from the non-volatile semiconductor memory shown in FIG. 1 in that a semiconductor substrate 30 is arranged under an SOI insulator 1 x as shown in FIG. 28. A convex cell array portion 30 x is provided in the semiconductor substrate 30, and is connected with a source region 43 through a first opening portion 32 provided in the SOI insulator 1 x. A source line contact 18 is arranged over the convex cell array portion 30 x with the source region 43 interposed between the source line contact 18 and the convex cell array portion 30 x.
As shown in FIG. 29, a peripheral circuit (MIS transistor) Tp is arranged in the outer periphery of the cell array. The peripheral circuit Tp is formed by using as an active layer a peripheral convex portion 30 y of the semiconductor substrate 30 in contact with the peripheral circuit, through a second opening portion 33 provided in the SOI insulator 1 x. Impurity diffusion layers 31 a and 31 b are provided in the peripheral convex portion 30 y of the semiconductor substrate 30. Gate electrodes 13 c and 15 c are arranged over a channel region between the impurity diffusion layers 31 a and 31 b with a gate insulating film 12 interposed between the gate electrode 13 c and the channel region. The peripheral circuit Tp is isolated from an adjacent element, illustration is omitted, by the SOI insulator 1 x. According to the third modification, the peripheral circuit Tp can be arranged, as it is, on the present semiconductor substrate 30, instead of being formed on the SOI insulator 1 employing the SOI technology.
Next, a description will be provided for a method for fabricating a non-volatile semiconductor memory according to the third modification shown in FIGS. 28 and 29, along with the cell array portion shown in FIGS. 30A, 31A, . . . , 34A and the peripheral circuit portion shown in FIGS. 30B, 31B, . . . , 34B.
As shown in FIGS. 30A and 30B, the semiconductor substrate 30 is prepared. A resist film is coated on the semiconductor substrate 30, and the resist film is patterned by the lithographic technique. With the patterned resist film used as a mask, parts of the semiconductor substrate 30 are removed in a selective manner by RIE or the like. As a result, the convex cell array portion 30 x and the peripheral convex portion 30 y, which are at substantially the same horizontal level, are formed as shown in FIG. 28.
By CVD or the like, the SOI insulator 1 x is deposited on the semiconductor substrate 30, as shown in FIG. 32A and FIG. 32B. As shown in 33A and 33B, the SOI insulator 1 x is etched back and planarized by CMP and the like, until the convex cell array portion 30 x and the peripheral convex portion 30 y are exposed.
As shown in FIGS. 34A and 34B, the SOI layer 2 is deposited on the SOI insulator 1 x by CVD and the like. As shown in FIG. 28, the source line contact 18 is formed over the convex cell array portion 30 x of the semiconductor substrate 30 with the SOI layer 2 interposed between the source line contact 18 and the convex cell array portion 30 x. Moreover, as shown in FIG. 29, the peripheral circuit Tp is formed in the peripheral convex portion 30 y of the semiconductor substrate 30. The other steps are substantially the same as the series of steps shown in FIGS. 13A to FIG. 23B. For this reason, a description will be omitted for the common steps.
When the CMP shown in FIGS. 33A and 33B is performed, if there is a planar surface which is larger than a certain area, it is difficult to control the flatness during the CMP. According to the third modification, it is easy to control the flatness by CMP, since the convex cell array portion 30 x is exposed in parts of the planar SOI insulator 1 x as shown in FIG. 33A in the cell array section.
The peripheral circuit Tpx may be arranged in the SOI layer 2 on the semiconductor substrate 30, as shown in FIG. 35. An element of the peripheral circuit Tpx is isolated by an element isolation region (STI) 31 from an element, illustration omitted, and which is adjacent the element of the peripheral circuit Tpx. The peripheral circuit Tpx can be provided by selectively removing parts of the SOI layer 2 and by embedding the element isolation region (STI) 31.
(Fourth Modification)
As shown in FIG. 36, a non-volatile semiconductor memory according to a fourth modification of the present invention may have a two-transistor cell structure which is an expansion of a planar pattern structure of a one-transistor cell structure shown in FIG. 2. The non-volatile semiconductor memory shown in FIG. 36 comprises a cell array 100 x, a column decoder 104, a sense amplifier 102, a first row decoder 101 x, a second row decoder 101 y and a source line driver 103.
The cell array 100 x comprises a plurality ((m+1)×(n+1); m and n are integers) of memory cells MC₀₀to MC_mn. Each of the memory cells MC includes a memory cell transistor MT and a select transistor ST. In each of the cell transistor and the select transistor a current pathway is connected in series. The memory cell transistor MT comprises a stacked gate structure including: a floating gate electrode formed above a semiconductor substrate with a gate insulating film interposed between the floating gate electrode and the semiconductor substrate; and a control gate electrode formed above the floating gate electrode with an inter-electrode insulating film interposed between the control gate electrode and the floating gate electrode. A source region of the memory cell transistor MT is connected to a drain region of the select transistor ST. Each of two memory cells MC adjacent to each other in the column direction share the source region of the select transistor ST or the drain region of the memory cell transistor MT.
The control gate electrodes of the respective memory cell transistors MT of the respective memory cells MC in the same row are commonly connected to one of word lines WL0 to WLm. The gates of the respective select transistors ST of the respective memory cells in the same row are connected to any one of select gate lines SG0 to SGm. The drain regions of the respective memory cell transistors MT of the respective memory cells MC in the same row are commonly connected to one of bit lines BL0 to BLn. The sources of the respective select transistors ST of the respective memory cells MC are commonly connected to a source line SL, and the source line SL is connected to a source line driver 103.
The column decoder 104 decodes a column address signal, thereby obtaining a column address decoded signal. One of the bit lines BL0 to BLn is selected on a basis of the column address decoded signal. The first and second row decoders 101 x and 101 y decode a row address signal, thereby obtaining a row address decoded signal. The first row decoder 101 x selects one of the word lines WL0 to WLn when writing is initiated. The second row decoder 101 y selects one of the select gate lines SG0 to SGm when reading is initiated. The sense amplifier 102 amplifies data which have been read out from a memory cell selected by the second row decoder 101 y and the column decoder 104. The source line driver 103 supplies voltage to the source line SL during reading.
According to the fourth modification, the non-volatile semiconductor memory is designed to comprise the two-transistor cell structure, so that the memory cell MC is positively cut off, and thus enabling a readers operation to be performed. In addition, a three-transistor cell structure in which a select transistor ST is connected to both a source region and a drain region for each of the memory cell transistors MT can be easily expanded from the planar pattern shown in FIG. 2.
(Fifth Modification)
As a fifth modification of the present invention, a description will be provided for a flash memory system 142, which is an applied example of the non-volatile semiconductor memory shown in FIG. 1, with reference to FIG. 37. The flash memory system 142 comprises a host platform 144 and a universal serial bus (USB) flash device 146. The host platform 144 is connected to the USB flash device 146 through a USB cable 148. The host platform 144 is connected to the USB cable 148 through a USB host connector 150, and the USB flash device 146 is connected to the USB cable 148 through a USB flash device connector 152. The host platform 144 comprises a USB host controller 154 for controlling packet transfer on the USB.
The USB flash device 146 includes: a USB flash device controller 156 for controlling other elements in the USB flash device 146, and for controlling an interface to the USB bus of the USB flash device 146; a USB flash device connector 152; and at least one flash memory module 158 including a non-volatile semiconductor memory according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Once the USB flash device 146 is connected to the host platform 144, a standard USB listing process is started. At this point, the hot platform 114 recognizes the USB flash device 146, and selects a mode of communications with the USB flash device 146. Then, the host platform 114 transmits data to, and receives data from, the USB flash device 146 through an FIFO buffer, termed as an endpoint, for storing transmitted data. The host platform 144 recognizes changes in physical, electrical conditions such as disconnection and connection of the USB flash device 146 and the like through the endpoint. In addition, if there is a packet to be received, the host platform 144 receives it.
The host platform 144 requests a service from the USB flash device 146 by transmitting a request packet to the USB host controller 154. The USB host controller 154 transmits a packet on the USB cable 148. If the USB flash device 146 has an endpoint which receives this request packet, the requests are received by the USB flash device controller 156.
The USB flash device controller 156 performs various operations such as reading data from the flash memory module 158, writing data to the flash memory module 158, erasing data and the like. In addition, the USB flash device controller 156 supports basic USB functions such as the acquisition of a USB address and the like. The USB flash device controller 156 controls the flash memory module 158 through a control line 160 for controlling output from the flash memory module 158, or, for example, through a read/write signal and various other signals such as a chip enable signal and the like. The flash memory module 158 is also connected to the USB flash device controller 156 through an address data bus 162. The address data bus 12 transfers a read command, a write command and an erase command as well as an address and data in the flash memory module 158.
In order to inform the host platform 144 of a result and the state of various operations requested by the host platform 144, the USB flash device 146 transmits a state packet by use of a state endpoint (endpoint 0). At this point, the host platform 144 checks whether or not there is a state packet, and the SB flash device 146 returns an empty packet or the state packet if there is no new packet of a state message.
According to the fifth modification, various functions of the USB flash device 146 can be achieved. By eliminating the USB cable 148, the connectors may be connected directly.
(Sixth Modification)
As show in FIG. 38 and FIG. 39, a non-volatile semiconductor memory according to a sixth modification of the present invention is -three-dimensionally integrated by stacking SOI structures. The inter-layer dielectric 3 is disposed on elements such as the memory cell transistors MT₁₁to MT_1n, the select gate transistors STD1 and STS1, and the like. The inter-layer dielectric 3 is used for insulation material of an upper layer of the SOI structure. Memory cell transistors MT₁₁₁to MT_11nare depletion mode MIS transistors including: n⁺ source and drain regions 521 to 52 (n+1) which are arranged on the inter-layer dielectric (SOI insulator) 3, and which are opposite to each other; n channel regions 511 to 51 n, each of which is interposed between each adjacent pair of the source and drain regions 521 to 52(n+1), and whose impurity concentrations are lower than those of the source and drain regions 521 to 52(n+1) ; floating gate electrodes 63 which are insulated, and each of which is arranged above each of the channel regions 511 to 51 n; and control gate electrodes 65 which are insulated, each of which is arranged above each of the floating gate electrodes 63.
Each of two select gate transistors STS11 and STD11 is arranged in, and adjacent to, each end of the column direction of the memory cell transistors MT₁₁₁to MT_11n. The select gate transistor STS11 is an enhancement MIS transistor including: an n⁺ drain region 521 which is a region common a source region 521 of the memory cell transistor MT₁₁₁positioned at one end of the arrangement in the column direction; p channel region 52 arranged so as to be adjacent to the drain region 521; an n source region 53 arranged so as to be adjacent to the channel region 52; select gate electrodes 63 a and 65 a arranged above the channel region 52 with the gate insulating film 62 interposed between the channel region 52 and the set of select gate electrodes 63 a and 65 a.
Alternatively, the select gate transistor STD11 is an enhancement MIS transistor including: an n⁺ source region 52(n+1) which is common a drain region 52(n+1) of the memory cell transistor MT_11npositioned at another end of the arrangement in the column direction; a p channel region 54 arranged so as to be adjacent to the source region 52(n+1) ; an n⁺ drain region 55 arranged so as to be adjacent to the channel region 54; select gate electrodes 63 b and 65 b arranged above the channel region 54 with the gate insulating film 62 interposed between the channel region 54 and the set of select gate electrodes 63 b and 65 b.
A bit line contact 171 is arranged on the drain region 55 so that the bit line contact 171 is adjacent to the select gate transistor STD11. A source line contact 181 is arranged on the source region 53 so that the source line contact 181 is adjacent to the select gate transistor STS11. The bit line contact 171 and the source line contact 181 are insulated at the periphery by the inter-layer dielectric 3, the insulating film 7 on the inter-layer dielectric 3, and the inter-layer dielectric 4 on the insulating film 7.
As shown in FIG. 39, the word line contacts 91 and 92, which are different from each other, are disposed in upper and lower layers, respectively. The element isolation region 8 isolates the memory cell transistors MT₁₁₁and MT₁₂₁. An element insulation region 4 is disposed on elements such as the memory cell transistors MT₁₁₁to MT_11nand the select gate transistors STS11 and STD11, and the like.
According to the sixth embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to integrate three-dimensionally by stacking SOI structures. Note that as shown in FIG. 40, the bit line contact 17 and the source line contact 18 may be commonly disposed from the lower layer to the upper layer. In this case, as shown in FIG. 39, the word line contacts 91 and 92 are disposed in the upper layer and lower layer, respectively. Furthermore, the memory cell transistors MT₁₁₁to MT_11nare described as depletion transistors, however the memory cell transistors MT₁₁₁to MT_11nmay be enhancement transistors. The structure is described in which two layers of SOI structures are stacked, SOI structure having a plurality of layers, which may be more than three layers, may be provided.
In the method for fabricating the non-volatile semiconductor memory according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention, after forming the memory cell transistors MT₁₁to MT_1nand the select gate transistors STD1 and STS1, the inter-layer dielectric 3 is formed by CVD or the like in order to cover the memory cell transistors MT₁₁to MT_1nand the select gate transistors STD1 and STS1. Thereafter, the same procedure as other modifications may be used for forming the memory cell transistors MT₁₁to MT_1nand the select gate transistors STD1 and STS1, the memory cell transistors MT₁₁₁to MT_11nand the select gate transistors STD11 and STS11 on the inter-layer dielectric 3.

Other Embodiments

In the embodiment, m×n memory cell transistors MT₁₁to MT_1n, MT₂₁to MT_2n, . . . , MT_m1to MT_mnare explained. However, actually a cell array may be comprised by more plurality of memory cell transistors, memory cells and blocks.
Furthermore, in the embodiment, a biary NAND EEPROM is described. However, it is possible to adapt a multi-level storage, for example, three-level or more storage in the NAND EEPROM. Various modifications will become possible for those skilled in the art after receiving the teachings of the present disclosure without departing from the scope thereof.

Claims

1. A non-volatile semiconductor memory comprising memory cell transistors arranged in a matrix, wherein each of the memory cell transistors is a depletion mode MIS transistor.

2. The non-volatile semiconductor memory of claim 1, further comprising an enhancement mode select gate transistor connected to a source region of one of the memory cell transistors at one end of an array of the memory cell transistors arranded in a column direction of the matrix.

3. The non-volatile semiconductor memory of claim 1, further comprising an enhancement mode select gate transistor connected to a drain region of one of the memory cell transistors at one end of an array of the memory cell transistors arranded in a column direction of the matrix.

4. A non-volatile semiconductor memory having a plurality of memory cell transistors arranged in a matrix, wherein each of the memory cell transistors is a depletion mode MIS transistor comprising:

source and drain regions having a first conductivity type disposed on an insulating layer;

a channel region having the first conductivity type disposed between the source and drain regions, and having a lower impurity concentration than the source and drain regions;

a floating gate electrode disposed above the channel region and insulated from the channel region; and

a control gate electrode disposed above the floating gate electrode and insulated from the floating electrode.

5. The non-volatile semiconductor memory of claim 4, wherein a plurality of the source regions, the channel regions and the drain regions are extended in a column direction on the matrix so as to implement an array of memory cell transistors, sharing each of the drain regions with one of the source regions in a pair of the memory cell transistors adjacent to each other in the array, and the source regions, the channel regions and the drain regions arranged in a subject column are isolated respectively from the source regions, the channel regions and the drain regions of the memory cell transistors arranged in a column adjacent to the subject column.

6. The non-volatile semiconductor memory of claim 4, further comprising a semiconductor substrate disposed under the insulating layer.

7. The non-volatile semiconductor memory of claim 4, further comprising a select gate transistor comprising:

a second drain region having the first conductivity type common to a source region of one of the memory cell transistors at one end of the memory cell transistors arranged in a column direction of the matrix so as to implement an array;

a channel region having a second conductivity type adjacent to the second drain region;

a second source region having the first conductivity type adjacent to the second channel region; and

a select gate electrode disposed above the second conductivity type channel region and insulated from the second channel region.

8. The non-volatile semiconductor memory of claim 7, further comprising a source line contact being contacted with the second source region.

9. The non-volatile semiconductor memory of claim 4, further comprising a select gate transistor comprising:

a second source region having the first conductivity type common to a drain region of one of the memory cell transistors at one end of the memory cell transistors arranged in column direction of the matrix so as to implement an array;

a second channel region having a second conductivity type adjacent to the second drain region;

a second drain region having the first conductivity type adjacent to the second channel region; and

a select gate electrode disposed above the second channel region and insulated from the second channel region.

10. The non-volatile semiconductor memory of claim 9, further comprising a bit line contact being contacted with the second drain region.

11. The non-volatile semiconductor memory of claim 5, further comprising an element isolation insulating film isolating a plurality of the source regions, the channel regions and the drain regions from each other in respective column direction.

12. The non-volatile semiconductor memory of claim 6, further comprising a peripheral circuit disposed on the semiconductor substrate outside of a cell array comprising the memory cell transistors.

13. The non-volatile semiconductor memory of claim 6, wherein the semiconductor substrate comprises a peripheral convex portion contacting the peripheral circuit through an opening disposed in the insulating layer.

14. The non-volatile semiconductor memory of claim 8, wherein the semiconductor substrate comprises a convex cell array portion contacting with the second source region through an opening disposed in the insulating layer.

15. A method for fabricating a non-volatile semiconductor memory comprising, forming a depletion mode memory cell transistor, comprising:

depositing a gate insulating film on a semiconductor layer having a first conductivity type disposed on an insulating layer;

depositing a floating gate electrode on the gate insulating film;

depositing an inter-electrode insulating film on the floating gate electrode;

depositing a control gate electrode on the inter-electrode insulating film;

forming a groove penetrating the control gate electrode, the inter-electrode insulating film and the floating gate electrode; and

forming source and drain regions having the first conductivity type in the semiconductor layer under the groove.

16. The method of claim 15, further comprising forming enhancement mode select gate transistor, comprising:

forming an impurity diffusion having a second conductivity type layer in the semiconductor layer;

forming a select gate electrode on the impurity diffusion layer through the gate insulating film; and

forming second source and drain regions having the first type conductivity type in the impurity diffusion layer using the select gate electrode as a mask in a self-aligned manner.

17. The method of claim 15, further comprising:

forming a peripheral convex portion from a part of the semiconductor substrate by removing a part of the semiconductor substrate selectively, before forming the semiconductor layer; and

removing a part of the insulating layer so as to expose the peripheral convex portion.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein forming the semiconductor layer comprises depositing the semiconductor layer on the insulating layer and the peripheral convex portion.

19. The method of claim 18, further comprising:

removing a part of the semiconductor layer so as to expose the peripheral convex portion; and

forming a peripheral circuit on the peripheral convex portion.

20. The method of claim 18, further comprising:

forming a convex cell array portion from a part of the semiconductor substrate by removing a part of the semiconductor substrate selectively, before forming the semiconductor layer;

removing a part of the insulating layer so as to expose the convex cell array portion; and

forming a source line contact on the semiconductor layer directly above the convex cell array portion.