US20060065426A1 - Apparatus and method for providing electrostatic discharge protection - Google Patents
Apparatus and method for providing electrostatic discharge protection Download PDFInfo
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- US20060065426A1 US20060065426A1 US10/955,208 US95520804A US2006065426A1 US 20060065426 A1 US20060065426 A1 US 20060065426A1 US 95520804 A US95520804 A US 95520804A US 2006065426 A1 US2006065426 A1 US 2006065426A1
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- electrical conductor
- adhesive element
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
- H01R13/648—Protective earth or shield arrangements on coupling devices, e.g. anti-static shielding
- H01R13/6485—Electrostatic discharge protection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
- H01R4/04—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation using electrically conductive adhesives
Definitions
- the invention relates to apparatus and methods that provide protection from electrostatic discharge (ESD). More particularly, the invention relates to apparatus and methods that provide protection from electrostatic discharge in display systems, such as avionics display systems.
- Electrostatic discharge which is the transfer of charge between bodies at different electrical potentials, can alter the electrical characteristics of electronic devices and components, or even degrade or destroy their normal operation, causing equipment malfunction and failure. Therefore, it is important to control the discharge static electricity buildup from such electronic devices and their components.
- One manner to provide ESD protection in various electronic devices is to create an electrically conductive path between the device and its conductive frame or support member to allow for electrostatic discharge from the device to the frame.
- an electrically conductive gasket an ESD gasket or other interface apparatus is secured between an electrically conductive display panel and its electrically conductive support structure to provide ESD protection for the display panel.
- ESD protection is crucial to maintaining proper operation of the displays.
- ESD gaskets are configured as wires or other conductors embedded in a foam or rubber compound, which typically is then clamped between the conductive display panel and its conductive frame.
- Another type of conventional ESD gasket is made of fabric strips or other non-conductive substrates that are wrapped or coated with conductive material, such as conductive strips.
- Yet another conventional ESD gasket is a spring finger gasket, made of beryllium and/or copper, that often is attached between the display panel and its frame.
- conventional ESD gaskets do not provide a sufficiently low resistance and/or a sufficiently secure conductive bond between the conductive structures.
- many conventional ESD gaskets have difficulty in establishing and maintaining relatively low impedances at the mating surfaces of the conductive structures because of the relatively large pressures that are needed to maintain solid electrical contact, especially when both mating surfaces are planar surfaces.
- Conventional springs, clips, clamps, screws and other mechanical fastening means for maintaining contact between the ESD gaskets and their conductive mating surfaces often do not keep the EDS gaskets secured between the mating surfaces.
- mechanical fastening devices constitute additional component parts that must be maintained in inventory, and the use of such parts tends to increase assembly time and overall cost.
- an interface apparatus like an ESD gasket to provide and securely maintain a relatively low resistance path between two conductive surfaces, such as in a conductive panel and its support structure in a display system.
- embodiments of the invention comprise an apparatus and method for providing protection from electrostatic discharge (ESD) for electrically conducting members, such as conductive display panels, including display panels used in avionics and military applications.
- the ESD apparatus includes an electrical conductor, a first adhesive element adhered to a first or top surface of the electrical conductor, and a second adhesive element adhered to a generally opposing second or bottom surface of the electrical conductor.
- portions of the electrical conductor protrude through the first adhesive element and the second adhesive element in such a way that, when the ESD apparatus is interfaced between electrically conducting members, the protruding portions of the electrical conductor make electrical contact with the mating surfaces of the electrically conducting members.
- Such electrically conducting members can include electrically conductive display panels and their electrically conductive supports or support frames.
- the ESD apparatus provides an electrostatic discharge path from the display panel to its support frame through the electrical conductor portion of the ESD apparatus.
- the adhesive elements allow for the ESD apparatus to be rapidly and securely attached between the conducting members, with no additional thermal or mechanical processing steps needed.
- FIG. 1 is a partial, cross-sectional view of a conventional display panel and its support structure in a conventional display system
- FIG. 2 is a partial, cross-sectional view of an electrically conducting interface apparatus for use as an electrostatic discharge (ESD) gasket;
- ESD electrostatic discharge
- FIG. 3 is a partial, cross-sectional view of the ESD gasket of FIG. 2 interfaced between a conductive display panel and its conductive support structure;
- FIG. 4 a is a partial, cross-sectional view of an electrically conducting interface apparatus, useful as an ESD gasket, according to embodiments of the invention.
- FIG. 4 b is a partial, cross-sectional view of an electrically conducting interface apparatus, useful as an ESD gasket, according to alternative embodiments of the invention.
- FIG. 5 a is a partial, cross-sectional view of the interface apparatus of FIG. 4 a interfaced between a conductive display panel and its conductive support structure according to embodiments of the invention.
- FIG. 5 b is a partial, cross-sectional view of the interface apparatus of FIG. 4 b interfaced between a conductive display panel and its conductive support structure according to alternative embodiments of the invention.
- the display system 10 includes a display panel 12 , a support structure or frame 14 for the display panel 12 , and one or more conductive interfaces 16 coupled between surfaces of the display panel 12 and the support structure 14 .
- the display panel 12 typically is a planar sheet of glass, or other suitably transparent material, coated with a nearly transparent coating of electrically conductive material, e.g., indium tin oxide or other suitable electrically conductive material.
- the support structure or frame 14 is made of aluminum or any other suitable electrically conductive material.
- the support structure 14 is dimensioned and configured to provide support for the display panel 12 when the display panel 12 is attached directly or indirectly (e.g., via one or more interfaces 16 ) to the support structure 14 .
- the conductive interfaces 16 are made of a suitable electrically conductive material, and therefore provide an electrically conductive path between the display panel 12 and its support structure 14 when the conductive interfaces 16 are coupled between mating surfaces of the panel display 12 and the support structure 14 .
- the conductive interfaces 16 function, e.g., as ESD gaskets, allowing for electrostatic discharge (ESD) from the display panel 12 to the support structure 14 .
- an electrically conductive material such as an electrically conductive epoxy or an indium-based material, is applied to the display panel 12 to effect a relatively low resistance path to the conductive coating on the display panel 12 .
- an electrically conductive material such as an electrically conductive epoxy or an indium-based material
- the ESD interface apparatus (or gasket apparatus) 20 includes an electrical conductor or electrically conductive member 22 , e.g., a generally flat or planar member that is made of a suitable electrically conducting material.
- the conductive member 22 is made of commercially pure aluminum (grade 1100).
- a conductive member made or commercially pure aluminum has an electrical resistance of approximately 0.000001 ohm-inch.
- the conductive member 22 is a foil having a thickness in the range from approximately 0.002 inches to approximately 0.005 inches.
- the conductive member 22 has a first or top surface 23 and a generally opposing second or bottom surface 24 .
- the first adhesive element 26 is, e.g., an electrically conductive, adhesive layer, such as a double-sided tape made of a suitable electrically conductive material or configured as a suitable electrical conductor.
- Such tapes include, e.g., XYZ-Axis Electrically Conductive Tape 9713, manufactured by 3M Company.
- a second adhesive element 28 is adhered to the bottom surface 24 of the conductive member 22 .
- the second adhesive element 28 is, e.g., an electrically conductive, adhesive layer, such as a double-sided tape made of a suitable electrically conductive material or configured as a suitable electrical conductor.
- FIG. 3 shown is a partial, cross-sectional view of the ESD interface apparatus 20 of FIG. 2 interfaced between the conductive display panel 12 and its support frame 14 .
- the first adhesive element 26 is adhered to the top surface 23 of the conductive member 22 and to a mating surface portion 32 of the support frame 14 .
- the second adhesive element 28 is adhered to the bottom surface 24 of the conductive member 22 and to a mating surface portion 36 of the display panel 12 .
- the first and second adhesive elements 26 , 28 are the type of adhesive elements that allow for immediate, suitable adhesion to surfaces such as the top and bottom surfaces 23 , 24 of the conductive member 22 , the mating surface portion 36 of the panel display 12 and the mating surface portion 32 of the support frame 14 . That is, the first and second adhesive elements 26 , 28 typically do not require any curing or other additional processing steps for suitably adhering them to such surfaces. Also, the first and second adhesive elements 26 , 28 typically do not require relatively excessive clamping force to adhere to such surfaces.
- the particular arrangement of the ESD interface apparatus 20 allows the conductive member 22 to function as a substrate or a structural support or carrier for the first and second adhesive elements 26 , 28 . That is, the conductive member 22 provides support to the adhesive elements in a way that prevents the adhesive elements 26 , 28 from tearing during fabrication, assembly or handling, or the application of the adhesive elements to the mating surface 36 of the panel display 12 and/or the mating surface 32 or the support frame 14 .
- the ESD interface or gasket apparatus 20 provides an electrically conductive interface path between the display panel 12 and the support frame 14 .
- the electrical resistance of such an interface should be as low as possible while still providing a sufficiently secure bond between the conducting surfaces, e.g., between the mating surface 36 of the display panel 12 and the mating surface 32 of the support frame 14 .
- the electrical conductance path from the display panel 12 to the support frame 14 passes through the second adhesive element 28 , the conductive member 22 , and the first adhesive element 26 .
- the resistance of the conductive member 22 when made of commercially pure aluminum, is approximately 0.000001 ohm-inch. However, the resistance of each layer of the adhesive elements is approximately 0.01 ohm-inch, which is approximately 10,000 times greater than the electrical resistance of the conductive member 22 .
- a conductive interface apparatus such as an ESD gasket that provides both relatively secure bonding and relatively low electrical resistance between mating surfaces, such as between the surfaces of a conductive display panel and its supporting frame.
- an apparatus should be capable of relatively rapid assembly and application as a conductive interface, e.g., without additional assembly, processing or application steps.
- an apparatus is provided that is useful as an electrically conductive interface between two mating, electrically conductive surfaces.
- the apparatus provides a relatively low electrical resistance path between the two conductive surfaces, thus providing, e.g., ESD protection by supplying a sufficiently conductive path from one conductive surface to the other conductive surface.
- the apparatus provides a relatively secure bond between the conductive surfaces, without additional thermal or mechanical processing steps.
- FIGS. 4 a and 4 b shown is a partial, cross-sectional view of an electrically conducting interface apparatus 40 according to embodiments of the invention.
- the interface apparatus 40 is useful as, e.g., an ESD gasket, as will be discussed in greater detail hereinbelow.
- the apparatus 40 includes an electrical conductor 42 , a first adhesive element 46 and a second adhesive element 48 .
- the apparatus 40 has been configured, deformed and/or agitated in such a way that portions of the electrical conductor 42 protrude through portions of the first adhesive element 46 and the second adhesive element 48 . In this manner, as will be discussed further hereinbelow, the protruded portions of the electrical conductor 42 will be in electrical contact with the conductive surfaces of electrically conducting members when the interface apparatus 40 is interfaced between such electrically conducting members.
- the electrical conductor 42 is made of any suitable electrically conducting material that has a sufficiently low electrical resistance.
- the electrical conductor 42 is made of commercially pure aluminum, e.g., aluminum having a grade of 1100. As discussed previously herein, such material has an electrical resistance of approximately 0.000001 ohm-inch.
- the electrical conductor 42 can have any shape, the electrical conductor 42 typically is a foil having a thickness in the range from approximately 0.002 inches to approximately 0.005 inches, and is generally flat, planar, or sheet-like in shape, which facilitates interfacing the apparatus 40 between mating surfaces of electrically conducting members, such as the mating surfaces of conductive display panels and their conductive frames.
- the first adhesive element 46 is, e.g., a double-sided tape or other suitable adhesive element for adhering to a first or top surface 53 of the electrical conductor 42 .
- the second adhesive element 48 is, e.g., a double-sided tape or other suitable adhesive element for adhering to a second or bottom surface 54 of the electrical conductor 42 .
- Tapes of this kind include, e.g., XYZ-Axis Electrically Conductive Tape 9713, manufactured by 3M Company. Such tape typically has a thickness, e.g., between approximately 3.0 and approximately 5.0 mils.
- conventional adhesive elements such as XYZ-Axis Electrically Conductive Tape 9713 are electrically conductive, according to embodiments of the invention, the first and second adhesive elements 46 , 48 do not have do be electrically conductive.
- at least one second portion (shown generally as 58 ) of the electrical conductor 42 protrudes through the second adhesive element 48 .
- a number or apertures or perforations are formed into the interface apparatus 40 in such a manner that portions of the electrical conductor 42 protrude through the first and second adhesive element 46 , 48 .
- the interface apparatus 40 is deformed in such a way that a number of detents or other deformations of the electrical conductor 42 protrude through the first and second adhesive elements 46 , 48 .
- the apertures, perforations, deformations and/or detents are made by any suitable processing technique.
- the apertures are made by one or more piercing tools.
- the piercing tools typically penetrate the interface apparatus 40 from both sides, thus allowing portions of the electrical conductor 42 to protrude through both the first adhesive element 46 and the second adhesive element 48 . That is, for apertures formed by piercing tools that penetrate the apparatus 40 from the side having the second adhesive element 48 , portions of the electrical conductor 42 tend to protrude through the first adhesive element 46 (e.g., the protruding portions 56 ).
- portions of the electrical conductor 42 tend to protrude through the second adhesive element 48 (e.g., the protruding portions 58 ). In this manner, portions of the electrical conductor 42 protrude through both the upper and lower surfaces of the apparatus 40 .
- apertures can have any suitable size
- the portion of the piercing tools that pierces the interface apparatus 40 is sharpened and dimensioned to have a diameter of, e.g., no greater than approximately 0.010 inch.
- apertures formed in the interface apparatus 40 are no greater than approximately 0.010 inch in diameter.
- the number of apertures formed in the interface apparatus 40 should be such that a sufficient portion of the electrical conductor 42 protrudes through the first and second adhesive elements 46 , 48 in such a way that an electrically conductive path of suitably low electrical resistance is formed by the interface apparatus 40 from its first (top) surface 53 to its second (bottom) surface 54 .
- the interface apparatus 40 has approximately 30 apertures per square inch.
- the detents and/or deformations are made by any suitable device or technique. Also, the detents and/or deformations are made from both sides of the interface apparatus 40 , thus allowing deformed portions of the electrical conductor 42 to protrude through both the first adhesive element 46 and the second adhesive element 48 .
- the protruding detents and/or deformations can have any suitable size, but typically they are dimensioned to be no greater than approximately 0.010 inch in diameter. Also, although not limited, the number of deformations formed in the interface apparatus 40 should be such that a sufficient portion of the electrical conductor 42 protrudes through the first and second adhesive elements 46 , 48 in such a way that an electrically conductive path of suitably low electrical resistance is formed by the interface apparatus 40 from its first (top) surface 53 to its second (bottom) surface 54 .
- FIGS. 5 a and 5 b shown are partial, cross-sectional views of the interface apparatus 40 of FIGS. 4 a and 4 b , respectively, interfaced between a first electrically conductive member 62 and a second electrically conductive member 64 .
- the first electrically conductive member 62 is, e.g., an electrically conductive display panel.
- the second electrically conductive member 64 is, e.g., an electrically conductive support structure or frame for the display panel.
- Such display panels and support frames are used in, e.g., avionics displays systems and display systems used in military applications.
- the interface apparatus 40 has been configured, deformed and/or agitated in such a way that portions 56 of the electrical conductor 42 protrude through portions of the first adhesive element 46 and portions 58 of the electrical conductor 42 protrude through portions of the second adhesive element 48 .
- the protruding portions 56 , 58 of the electrical conductor 42 make electrical contact with a mating surface 66 of the first conducting member 62 and a mating surface 68 of the second conducting member 64 .
- the protruding portions 56 of the electrical conductor 42 make electrical contact with the mating surface 68 of the support frame 64 .
- the protruding portions 58 of the electrical conductor 42 make electrical contact with the mating surface 66 of the display panel 62 .
- the electrically conductive path through the interface apparatus 40 would include the first and second adhesive elements 46 , 48 , as well the electrical conductor 42 .
- the electrical resistance of each adhesive element is approximately 10,000 times greater than the electrical resistance of the electrical conductor 42 . Accordingly, the electrical resistance of the interface apparatus 40 is greatly reduced if the conductive path therethrough does not include the adhesive element 46 , 48 .
- first and second adhesive elements 46 , 48 because of the thickness of the first and second adhesive elements 46 , 48 , adhering only selective portions of adhesive elements to the electrical conductor 42 still would not allow electrical contact between portions of the electrical conductor 42 and the surfaces of the first and second conducting members 66 , 68 . That is, the use of, e.g., double-sided adhesive strips or patches, instead of adhesive elements, such as complete layers of an adhesive element, still would not allow any portion of the electrical conductor 42 to make contact with any portion of the surface of either conducting member 66 , 68 when the apparatus 40 is interfaced therebetween. Moreover, applying an entire layer of an adhesive element to the surfaces of the electrical conductor 42 , rather than applying selective patches or strips, simplifies manufacturing of the apparatus and therefore is less time consuming and costly.
- the interface apparatus 40 is configured, deformed and/or agitated to protrude portions 56 , 58 of the electrical conductor 42 through the first and second adhesive elements 46 , 48 , e.g., in the manner shown in FIGS. 4 a - b and 5 a - b .
- This deformation allows the protruding portions 56 , 58 of the electrical conductor 42 to make electrical contact with the surfaces of the conducting members 66 , 68 when the apparatus 40 is interfaced between the conducting members 62 , 64 .
- a relatively low electrical resistance path is established from the first conducting member 62 , through the electrical conductor 42 , to the second conducting member 64 .
- the electrical path does not pass through either one of the first and second adhesive elements 46 , 48 , as any current such as electrostatic discharge current will pass through the least electrically resistive path.
- the protruding portions of the electrical conductor 42 may come in contact with each other, in addition to coming in contact with mating surface of the appropriate conducting member.
- the protruding portions 56 of the electrical conductor 42 are shown contacting one another and contacting the second conducting member 64 .
- some of the protruding portions of the electrical conductor 42 may remain apart from one another as the apparatus 40 is interfaced between the conducting members 62 , 64 .
- such protruding portions still make electrical contact with the mating surface of the appropriate conductor.
- such separation is shown generally by the protruding portions 58 , although the protruding portions 58 still make electrical contact with the first conductor 62 .
- any of the protruding portions can be in contact with each other or remain separated at either mating surface of either conducting member.
- one or more air pockets may be formed between portions of the interface apparatus 40 and the mating surfaces of the conducting members 62 , 64 .
- any adverse effects of air pocket formation is negligible.
- the interface apparatus 40 provides an ESD path between conducting members that has a much lower electrical resistance than the ESD paths provided by conventional ESD gaskets or EMI gaskets. Moreover, in the inventive interface apparatus 40 , because of the relatively low electrical resistance of the material of the electrical conductor 42 (e.g., commercially pure aluminum) and its particular configuration within the interface apparatus 40 , electrostatic charges generally are dissipated throughout the perimeter of the electrical conductor 42 almost instantaneously, thus lessening the intensity of the discharge to the mating surface 68 of the second conducting surface 66 .
- the material of the electrical conductor 42 e.g., commercially pure aluminum
- the particular configuration of the interface apparatus 40 allows for assembly that is relatively rapid and secure.
- the use of adhesive elements in the inventive interface apparatus 40 does not require additional thermal processing steps or mechanical fixation techniques.
- the inventive interface apparatus 40 provides suitable weather sealing between the display panel and its support frame.
- the inventive interface apparatus 40 according to embodiments of the invention was successful in dissipating approximately 15,000 volts that were applied to the surface of the conductive display panel. Also, like many conventional ESD/EMI gaskets, the interface apparatus 40 according to embodiments of the invention meets the requirements of various test standards, e.g., tests for electromagnetic interference (EMI), humidity and mechanical shock.
- EMI electromagnetic interference
- Such standards include, but are not limited to: FAA standards RTCA/D0-160D and subsequent revisions; MILITARY standards MIL-STD-810E and subsequent revisions; MIL-STD-1686C and subsequent revisions; MIL-STD-454N and subsequent revisions; MIL-STD-883E and subsequent revisions; ANSI ANSI C63 and subsequent revisions; EN EN 61340 and subsequent revisions; ISO ISO 10605 and subsequent revisions; and IEC IEC 61000 and subsequent revisions.
- circuit components are described hereinabove as an integrated circuit or part of an integrated circuit, the various circuit components alternatively can be discrete components arranged and coupled together to form the various circuits shown and described.
Abstract
Description
- 1. Field of the Invention
- The invention relates to apparatus and methods that provide protection from electrostatic discharge (ESD). More particularly, the invention relates to apparatus and methods that provide protection from electrostatic discharge in display systems, such as avionics display systems.
- 2. Description of the Related Art
- In electronic systems, many devices have been developed to provide protection from electrostatic discharge (ESD). Electrostatic discharge, which is the transfer of charge between bodies at different electrical potentials, can alter the electrical characteristics of electronic devices and components, or even degrade or destroy their normal operation, causing equipment malfunction and failure. Therefore, it is important to control the discharge static electricity buildup from such electronic devices and their components.
- One manner to provide ESD protection in various electronic devices is to create an electrically conductive path between the device and its conductive frame or support member to allow for electrostatic discharge from the device to the frame. For example, in electronic display systems, such as those used in avionics and in military applications, an electrically conductive gasket (an ESD gasket) or other interface apparatus is secured between an electrically conductive display panel and its electrically conductive support structure to provide ESD protection for the display panel. In such display systems, ESD protection is crucial to maintaining proper operation of the displays.
- Conventionally, ESD gaskets are configured as wires or other conductors embedded in a foam or rubber compound, which typically is then clamped between the conductive display panel and its conductive frame. Another type of conventional ESD gasket is made of fabric strips or other non-conductive substrates that are wrapped or coated with conductive material, such as conductive strips. Yet another conventional ESD gasket is a spring finger gasket, made of beryllium and/or copper, that often is attached between the display panel and its frame.
- However, conventional ESD gaskets do not provide a sufficiently low resistance and/or a sufficiently secure conductive bond between the conductive structures. For example, many conventional ESD gaskets have difficulty in establishing and maintaining relatively low impedances at the mating surfaces of the conductive structures because of the relatively large pressures that are needed to maintain solid electrical contact, especially when both mating surfaces are planar surfaces. Conventional springs, clips, clamps, screws and other mechanical fastening means for maintaining contact between the ESD gaskets and their conductive mating surfaces often do not keep the EDS gaskets secured between the mating surfaces. Also, such mechanical fastening devices constitute additional component parts that must be maintained in inventory, and the use of such parts tends to increase assembly time and overall cost. However, less burdensome means, such as conductive adhesives, do not allow direct contact between the ESD gaskets and their conductive mating surfaces. Thus, since the electrical resistance of such conductive adhesives is much greater than the resistance of the ESD gasket, the electrical conductance of the path between the mating surfaces through the ESD gasket is greatly reduced, thereby reducing the effectiveness of the ESD gasket to control ESD.
- Therefore, it would be desirable to have an interface apparatus like an ESD gasket to provide and securely maintain a relatively low resistance path between two conductive surfaces, such as in a conductive panel and its support structure in a display system.
- Briefly described, in one form embodiments of the invention comprise an apparatus and method for providing protection from electrostatic discharge (ESD) for electrically conducting members, such as conductive display panels, including display panels used in avionics and military applications. The ESD apparatus includes an electrical conductor, a first adhesive element adhered to a first or top surface of the electrical conductor, and a second adhesive element adhered to a generally opposing second or bottom surface of the electrical conductor. According to embodiments of the invention, portions of the electrical conductor protrude through the first adhesive element and the second adhesive element in such a way that, when the ESD apparatus is interfaced between electrically conducting members, the protruding portions of the electrical conductor make electrical contact with the mating surfaces of the electrically conducting members. Such electrically conducting members can include electrically conductive display panels and their electrically conductive supports or support frames. Thus, according to embodiments of the invention, the ESD apparatus provides an electrostatic discharge path from the display panel to its support frame through the electrical conductor portion of the ESD apparatus. Also, the adhesive elements allow for the ESD apparatus to be rapidly and securely attached between the conducting members, with no additional thermal or mechanical processing steps needed.
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FIG. 1 is a partial, cross-sectional view of a conventional display panel and its support structure in a conventional display system; -
FIG. 2 is a partial, cross-sectional view of an electrically conducting interface apparatus for use as an electrostatic discharge (ESD) gasket; -
FIG. 3 is a partial, cross-sectional view of the ESD gasket ofFIG. 2 interfaced between a conductive display panel and its conductive support structure; -
FIG. 4 a is a partial, cross-sectional view of an electrically conducting interface apparatus, useful as an ESD gasket, according to embodiments of the invention; -
FIG. 4 b is a partial, cross-sectional view of an electrically conducting interface apparatus, useful as an ESD gasket, according to alternative embodiments of the invention; -
FIG. 5 a is a partial, cross-sectional view of the interface apparatus ofFIG. 4 a interfaced between a conductive display panel and its conductive support structure according to embodiments of the invention; and -
FIG. 5 b is a partial, cross-sectional view of the interface apparatus ofFIG. 4 b interfaced between a conductive display panel and its conductive support structure according to alternative embodiments of the invention. - In the following description, like reference numerals indicate like components to enhance the understanding of the invention through the description of the drawings. Also, although specific features, configurations and arrangements are discussed hereinbelow, it should be understood that such is done for illustrative purposes only. A person skilled in the relevant art will recognize that other steps, configurations and arrangements are useful without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
- Referring now to
FIG. 1 , shown is a partial, cross-sectional view of adisplay system 10, e.g., a display system used in avionics or in military applications. Thedisplay system 10 includes adisplay panel 12, a support structure orframe 14 for thedisplay panel 12, and one or moreconductive interfaces 16 coupled between surfaces of thedisplay panel 12 and thesupport structure 14. Thedisplay panel 12 typically is a planar sheet of glass, or other suitably transparent material, coated with a nearly transparent coating of electrically conductive material, e.g., indium tin oxide or other suitable electrically conductive material. - The support structure or
frame 14 is made of aluminum or any other suitable electrically conductive material. Thesupport structure 14 is dimensioned and configured to provide support for thedisplay panel 12 when thedisplay panel 12 is attached directly or indirectly (e.g., via one or more interfaces 16) to thesupport structure 14. - The
conductive interfaces 16 are made of a suitable electrically conductive material, and therefore provide an electrically conductive path between thedisplay panel 12 and itssupport structure 14 when theconductive interfaces 16 are coupled between mating surfaces of thepanel display 12 and thesupport structure 14. Theconductive interfaces 16 function, e.g., as ESD gaskets, allowing for electrostatic discharge (ESD) from thedisplay panel 12 to thesupport structure 14. - In conventional arrangements, an electrically conductive material, such as an electrically conductive epoxy or an indium-based material, is applied to the
display panel 12 to effect a relatively low resistance path to the conductive coating on thedisplay panel 12. However, the application of this additional electrically conductive material adds additional cost and process uncertainty. - Referring now to
FIG. 2 , shown is a partial, cross-sectional view of one type of electrically conductinginterface apparatus 20 suitable for use as an ESD gasket.Such apparatus 20 is useful as a conductive interface, e.g., theconductive interface 16 shown inFIG. 1 and described hereinabove. The ESD interface apparatus (or gasket apparatus) 20 includes an electrical conductor or electricallyconductive member 22, e.g., a generally flat or planar member that is made of a suitable electrically conducting material. For example, theconductive member 22 is made of commercially pure aluminum (grade 1100). A conductive member made or commercially pure aluminum has an electrical resistance of approximately 0.000001 ohm-inch. Theconductive member 22 is a foil having a thickness in the range from approximately 0.002 inches to approximately 0.005 inches. Theconductive member 22 has a first ortop surface 23 and a generally opposing second orbottom surface 24. - Applied to the
top surface 23 of theconductive member 22 is a firstadhesive element 26. The firstadhesive element 26 is, e.g., an electrically conductive, adhesive layer, such as a double-sided tape made of a suitable electrically conductive material or configured as a suitable electrical conductor. Such tapes include, e.g., XYZ-Axis Electrically Conductive Tape 9713, manufactured by 3M Company. Similarly, a secondadhesive element 28 is adhered to thebottom surface 24 of theconductive member 22. The secondadhesive element 28 is, e.g., an electrically conductive, adhesive layer, such as a double-sided tape made of a suitable electrically conductive material or configured as a suitable electrical conductor. Double-sided tapes such as 3M 9713 double-sided tape have a layer thickness, e.g., within the range between approximately 3.0 and approximately 5.0 mils (1 mil=10-3 inches), and an electrical resistance of approximately 0.01 ohm-inch. - Referring now to
FIG. 3 , shown is a partial, cross-sectional view of theESD interface apparatus 20 ofFIG. 2 interfaced between theconductive display panel 12 and itssupport frame 14. As shown, the firstadhesive element 26 is adhered to thetop surface 23 of theconductive member 22 and to amating surface portion 32 of thesupport frame 14. Similarly, the secondadhesive element 28 is adhered to thebottom surface 24 of theconductive member 22 and to amating surface portion 36 of thedisplay panel 12. - Typically, the first and second
adhesive elements bottom surfaces conductive member 22, themating surface portion 36 of thepanel display 12 and themating surface portion 32 of thesupport frame 14. That is, the first and secondadhesive elements adhesive elements - The particular arrangement of the
ESD interface apparatus 20 allows theconductive member 22 to function as a substrate or a structural support or carrier for the first and secondadhesive elements conductive member 22 provides support to the adhesive elements in a way that prevents theadhesive elements mating surface 36 of thepanel display 12 and/or themating surface 32 or thesupport frame 14. - The ESD interface or
gasket apparatus 20 provides an electrically conductive interface path between thedisplay panel 12 and thesupport frame 14. As discussed previously herein, the electrical resistance of such an interface should be as low as possible while still providing a sufficiently secure bond between the conducting surfaces, e.g., between themating surface 36 of thedisplay panel 12 and themating surface 32 of thesupport frame 14. In theESD gasket apparatus 20 shown inFIGS. 2 and 3 , the electrical conductance path from thedisplay panel 12 to thesupport frame 14 passes through the secondadhesive element 28, theconductive member 22, and the firstadhesive element 26. As discussed hereinabove, the resistance of theconductive member 22, when made of commercially pure aluminum, is approximately 0.000001 ohm-inch. However, the resistance of each layer of the adhesive elements is approximately 0.01 ohm-inch, which is approximately 10,000 times greater than the electrical resistance of theconductive member 22. - Therefore, it would be desirable to have a conductive interface apparatus such as an ESD gasket that provides both relatively secure bonding and relatively low electrical resistance between mating surfaces, such as between the surfaces of a conductive display panel and its supporting frame. Moreover, such an apparatus should be capable of relatively rapid assembly and application as a conductive interface, e.g., without additional assembly, processing or application steps.
- According to embodiments of the invention, an apparatus is provided that is useful as an electrically conductive interface between two mating, electrically conductive surfaces. The apparatus provides a relatively low electrical resistance path between the two conductive surfaces, thus providing, e.g., ESD protection by supplying a sufficiently conductive path from one conductive surface to the other conductive surface. Also, the apparatus provides a relatively secure bond between the conductive surfaces, without additional thermal or mechanical processing steps.
- Referring now to
FIGS. 4 a and 4 b, shown is a partial, cross-sectional view of an electrically conductinginterface apparatus 40 according to embodiments of the invention. Theinterface apparatus 40 is useful as, e.g., an ESD gasket, as will be discussed in greater detail hereinbelow. Theapparatus 40 includes anelectrical conductor 42, a firstadhesive element 46 and a secondadhesive element 48. According to embodiments of the invention, theapparatus 40 has been configured, deformed and/or agitated in such a way that portions of theelectrical conductor 42 protrude through portions of the firstadhesive element 46 and the secondadhesive element 48. In this manner, as will be discussed further hereinbelow, the protruded portions of theelectrical conductor 42 will be in electrical contact with the conductive surfaces of electrically conducting members when theinterface apparatus 40 is interfaced between such electrically conducting members. - The
electrical conductor 42 is made of any suitable electrically conducting material that has a sufficiently low electrical resistance. For example, theelectrical conductor 42 is made of commercially pure aluminum, e.g., aluminum having a grade of 1100. As discussed previously herein, such material has an electrical resistance of approximately 0.000001 ohm-inch. Although theelectrical conductor 42 can have any shape, theelectrical conductor 42 typically is a foil having a thickness in the range from approximately 0.002 inches to approximately 0.005 inches, and is generally flat, planar, or sheet-like in shape, which facilitates interfacing theapparatus 40 between mating surfaces of electrically conducting members, such as the mating surfaces of conductive display panels and their conductive frames. - The first
adhesive element 46 is, e.g., a double-sided tape or other suitable adhesive element for adhering to a first ortop surface 53 of theelectrical conductor 42. Similarly, the secondadhesive element 48 is, e.g., a double-sided tape or other suitable adhesive element for adhering to a second orbottom surface 54 of theelectrical conductor 42. Tapes of this kind include, e.g., XYZ-Axis Electrically Conductive Tape 9713, manufactured by 3M Company. Such tape typically has a thickness, e.g., between approximately 3.0 and approximately 5.0 mils. Although conventional adhesive elements such as XYZ-Axis Electrically Conductive Tape 9713 are electrically conductive, according to embodiments of the invention, the first and secondadhesive elements - According to embodiments of the invention, at least one first portion (shown generally as 56) of the
electrical conductor 42 protrudes through the firstadhesive element 46, and at least one second portion (shown generally as 58) of theelectrical conductor 42 protrudes through the secondadhesive element 48. For example, according to embodiments of the invention, as shown inFIG. 4 a, a number or apertures or perforations are formed into theinterface apparatus 40 in such a manner that portions of theelectrical conductor 42 protrude through the first and secondadhesive element FIG. 4 b, theinterface apparatus 40 is deformed in such a way that a number of detents or other deformations of theelectrical conductor 42 protrude through the first and secondadhesive elements - The apertures, perforations, deformations and/or detents are made by any suitable processing technique. For example, according to an embodiment of the invention, the apertures are made by one or more piercing tools. It should be understood that the piercing tools typically penetrate the
interface apparatus 40 from both sides, thus allowing portions of theelectrical conductor 42 to protrude through both the firstadhesive element 46 and the secondadhesive element 48. That is, for apertures formed by piercing tools that penetrate theapparatus 40 from the side having the secondadhesive element 48, portions of theelectrical conductor 42 tend to protrude through the first adhesive element 46 (e.g., the protruding portions 56). Also, for apertures formed by piercing tools that penetrate theapparatus 40 from the side having the firstadhesive element 46, portions of theelectrical conductor 42 tend to protrude through the second adhesive element 48 (e.g., the protruding portions 58). In this manner, portions of theelectrical conductor 42 protrude through both the upper and lower surfaces of theapparatus 40. - Although the apertures can have any suitable size, the portion of the piercing tools that pierces the
interface apparatus 40 is sharpened and dimensioned to have a diameter of, e.g., no greater than approximately 0.010 inch. Thus, according to one embodiment of the invention, apertures formed in theinterface apparatus 40 are no greater than approximately 0.010 inch in diameter. - Also, although such embodiments of the invention are not limited to the number of apertures formed in the
interface apparatus 40, the number of apertures should be such that a sufficient portion of theelectrical conductor 42 protrudes through the first and secondadhesive elements interface apparatus 40 from its first (top)surface 53 to its second (bottom)surface 54. For example, according to an embodiment of the invention, theinterface apparatus 40 has approximately 30 apertures per square inch. - Similarly, according to embodiments of the invention that have a number or detents or other deformations, the detents and/or deformations are made by any suitable device or technique. Also, the detents and/or deformations are made from both sides of the
interface apparatus 40, thus allowing deformed portions of theelectrical conductor 42 to protrude through both the firstadhesive element 46 and the secondadhesive element 48. - According to embodiments of the invention, the protruding detents and/or deformations can have any suitable size, but typically they are dimensioned to be no greater than approximately 0.010 inch in diameter. Also, although not limited, the number of deformations formed in the
interface apparatus 40 should be such that a sufficient portion of theelectrical conductor 42 protrudes through the first and secondadhesive elements interface apparatus 40 from its first (top)surface 53 to its second (bottom)surface 54. - Referring now to
FIGS. 5 a and 5 b, shown are partial, cross-sectional views of theinterface apparatus 40 ofFIGS. 4 a and 4 b, respectively, interfaced between a first electricallyconductive member 62 and a second electricallyconductive member 64. The first electricallyconductive member 62 is, e.g., an electrically conductive display panel. The second electricallyconductive member 64 is, e.g., an electrically conductive support structure or frame for the display panel. Such display panels and support frames are used in, e.g., avionics displays systems and display systems used in military applications. - According to embodiments of the invention, the
interface apparatus 40 has been configured, deformed and/or agitated in such a way thatportions 56 of theelectrical conductor 42 protrude through portions of the firstadhesive element 46 andportions 58 of theelectrical conductor 42 protrude through portions of the secondadhesive element 48. In this manner, when theapparatus 40 is interfaced between the first and second conductingmembers portions electrical conductor 42 make electrical contact with amating surface 66 of the first conductingmember 62 and amating surface 68 of the second conductingmember 64. More specifically, when the firstadhesive element 46 is adhered to thesupport frame 64, the protrudingportions 56 of theelectrical conductor 42 make electrical contact with themating surface 68 of thesupport frame 64. Similarly, when the secondadhesive element 48 is adhered to thedisplay panel 62, the protrudingportions 58 of theelectrical conductor 42 make electrical contact with themating surface 66 of thedisplay panel 62. - Without deformation of the
electrical conductor 42, the electrically conductive path through theinterface apparatus 40 would include the first and secondadhesive elements electrical conductor 42. As discussed hereinabove, the electrical resistance of each adhesive element is approximately 10,000 times greater than the electrical resistance of theelectrical conductor 42. Accordingly, the electrical resistance of theinterface apparatus 40 is greatly reduced if the conductive path therethrough does not include theadhesive element - Also, because of the thickness of the first and second
adhesive elements electrical conductor 42 still would not allow electrical contact between portions of theelectrical conductor 42 and the surfaces of the first and second conductingmembers electrical conductor 42 to make contact with any portion of the surface of either conductingmember apparatus 40 is interfaced therebetween. Moreover, applying an entire layer of an adhesive element to the surfaces of theelectrical conductor 42, rather than applying selective patches or strips, simplifies manufacturing of the apparatus and therefore is less time consuming and costly. - Therefore, according to embodiments of the invention, the
interface apparatus 40 is configured, deformed and/or agitated to protrudeportions electrical conductor 42 through the first and secondadhesive elements FIGS. 4 a-b and 5 a-b. This deformation allows the protrudingportions electrical conductor 42 to make electrical contact with the surfaces of the conductingmembers apparatus 40 is interfaced between the conductingmembers member 62, through theelectrical conductor 42, to the second conductingmember 64. The electrical path does not pass through either one of the first and secondadhesive elements - Referring again to
FIG. 5 a, when theapparatus 40 is interfaced between conducting surfaces, e.g., the conductingmembers electrical conductor 42 may come in contact with each other, in addition to coming in contact with mating surface of the appropriate conducting member. For example, when theapparatus 40 is interfaced between the conductingmembers portions 56 of theelectrical conductor 42 are shown contacting one another and contacting the second conductingmember 64. Also, some of the protruding portions of theelectrical conductor 42 may remain apart from one another as theapparatus 40 is interfaced between the conductingmembers portions 58, although the protrudingportions 58 still make electrical contact with thefirst conductor 62. - It should be understood that the contact of the protruding portions and the separation of the protruding portions are shown and described herein for illustrative purposes only, and that any of the protruding portions can be in contact with each other or remain separated at either mating surface of either conducting member. Also, it should be noted that one or more air pockets (shown generally as 72) may be formed between portions of the
interface apparatus 40 and the mating surfaces of the conductingmembers portions electrical conductor 42 that make electrical contact between the mating surfaces of the conducting members, any adverse effects of air pocket formation is negligible. - According to embodiments of the invention, the
interface apparatus 40 provides an ESD path between conducting members that has a much lower electrical resistance than the ESD paths provided by conventional ESD gaskets or EMI gaskets. Moreover, in theinventive interface apparatus 40, because of the relatively low electrical resistance of the material of the electrical conductor 42 (e.g., commercially pure aluminum) and its particular configuration within theinterface apparatus 40, electrostatic charges generally are dissipated throughout the perimeter of theelectrical conductor 42 almost instantaneously, thus lessening the intensity of the discharge to themating surface 68 of thesecond conducting surface 66. - Also, according to embodiments of the invention, the particular configuration of the
interface apparatus 40 allows for assembly that is relatively rapid and secure. As discussed hereinabove, the use of adhesive elements in theinventive interface apparatus 40 does not require additional thermal processing steps or mechanical fixation techniques. Also, theinventive interface apparatus 40 provides suitable weather sealing between the display panel and its support frame. - In testing, the
inventive interface apparatus 40 according to embodiments of the invention was successful in dissipating approximately 15,000 volts that were applied to the surface of the conductive display panel. Also, like many conventional ESD/EMI gaskets, theinterface apparatus 40 according to embodiments of the invention meets the requirements of various test standards, e.g., tests for electromagnetic interference (EMI), humidity and mechanical shock. Such standards include, but are not limited to:FAA standards RTCA/D0-160D and subsequent revisions; MILITARY standards MIL-STD-810E and subsequent revisions; MIL-STD-1686C and subsequent revisions; MIL-STD-454N and subsequent revisions; MIL-STD-883E and subsequent revisions; ANSI ANSI C63 and subsequent revisions; EN EN 61340 and subsequent revisions; ISO ISO 10605 and subsequent revisions; and IEC IEC 61000 and subsequent revisions. - It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many changes and substitutions can be made to the embodiments of the invention herein described without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims and their full scope of equivalents. For example, although the circuit components are described hereinabove as an integrated circuit or part of an integrated circuit, the various circuit components alternatively can be discrete components arranged and coupled together to form the various circuits shown and described.
Claims (19)
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US10/955,208 US7022911B1 (en) | 2004-09-30 | 2004-09-30 | Apparatus and method for providing electrostatic discharge protection |
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US10/955,208 US7022911B1 (en) | 2004-09-30 | 2004-09-30 | Apparatus and method for providing electrostatic discharge protection |
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US7022911B1 US7022911B1 (en) | 2006-04-04 |
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