US20060074345A1 - Biopsy apparatus and method - Google Patents
Biopsy apparatus and method Download PDFInfo
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- US20060074345A1 US20060074345A1 US10/953,834 US95383404A US2006074345A1 US 20060074345 A1 US20060074345 A1 US 20060074345A1 US 95383404 A US95383404 A US 95383404A US 2006074345 A1 US2006074345 A1 US 2006074345A1
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- cutter
- tissue
- lumen
- vacuum
- tube
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B10/00—Other methods or instruments for diagnosis, e.g. instruments for taking a cell sample, for biopsy, for vaccination diagnosis; Sex determination; Ovulation-period determination; Throat striking implements
- A61B10/02—Instruments for taking cell samples or for biopsy
- A61B10/0233—Pointed or sharp biopsy instruments
- A61B10/0266—Pointed or sharp biopsy instruments means for severing sample
- A61B10/0275—Pointed or sharp biopsy instruments means for severing sample with sample notch, e.g. on the side of inner stylet
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B10/00—Other methods or instruments for diagnosis, e.g. instruments for taking a cell sample, for biopsy, for vaccination diagnosis; Sex determination; Ovulation-period determination; Throat striking implements
- A61B10/02—Instruments for taking cell samples or for biopsy
- A61B10/0233—Pointed or sharp biopsy instruments
- A61B10/0283—Pointed or sharp biopsy instruments with vacuum aspiration, e.g. caused by retractable plunger or by connected syringe
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B10/00—Other methods or instruments for diagnosis, e.g. instruments for taking a cell sample, for biopsy, for vaccination diagnosis; Sex determination; Ovulation-period determination; Throat striking implements
- A61B10/02—Instruments for taking cell samples or for biopsy
- A61B2010/0208—Biopsy devices with actuators, e.g. with triggered spring mechanisms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B10/00—Other methods or instruments for diagnosis, e.g. instruments for taking a cell sample, for biopsy, for vaccination diagnosis; Sex determination; Ovulation-period determination; Throat striking implements
- A61B10/02—Instruments for taking cell samples or for biopsy
- A61B2010/0225—Instruments for taking cell samples or for biopsy for taking multiple samples
Abstract
Description
- This applications cross references and incorporates by reference the following commonly assigned patent applications: U.S. application Ser. No. 10/785,755 “Biopsy Device with Variable Speed Cutter Advance” filed Feb. 24, 2004 in the name of Thompson et al.; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/676,944 “Biopsy Instrument with Internal Specimen Collection Mechanism” filed Sep. 30, 2003 in the name of Hibner et al.; and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/732,843 “Biopsy Device with Sample Tube” filed Dec. 10, 2003 in the name of Cicenas et al.
- The present invention relates in general to biopsy devices, and more particularly to biopsy devices having a cutter for severing tissue.
- The diagnosis and treatment of tissue is an ongoing area of investigation. Medical devices for obtaining tissue samples for subsequent sampling and/or testing are know in the art. For instance, a biopsy instrument now marketed under the tradename MAMMOTOME is commercially available from Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. for use in obtaining breast biopsy samples.
- The following patent documents disclose various biopsy devices and are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety: U.S. Pat. No. 6,273,862 issued Aug. 14, 2001; U.S. Pat. No. 6,231,522 issued May 15, 2001; U.S. Pat. No. 6,228,055 issued May 8, 2001; U.S. Pat. No. 6,120,462 issued Sep. 19, 2000; U.S. Pat. No. 6,086,544 issued Jul. 11, 2000; U.S. Pat. No. 6,077,230 issued Jun. 20, 2000; U.S. Pat. No. 6,017,316 issued Jan. 25, 2000; U.S. Pat. No. 6,007,497 issued Dec. 28, 1999; U.S. Pat. No. 5,980,469 issued Nov. 9, 1999; U.S. Pat. No. 5,964,716 issued Oct. 12, 1999; U.S. Pat. No. 5,928,164 issued Jul. 27, 1999; U.S. Pat. No. 5,775,333 issued Jul. 7, 1998; U.S. Pat. No. 5,769,086 issued Jun. 23, 1998; U.S. Pat. No. 5,649,547 issued Jul. 22, 1997; U.S. Pat. No. 5,526,822 issued Jun. 18, 1996, and US Patent Application 2003/0199753 published Oct. 23, 2003 to Hibner et al.
- Researchers in the medical device area continue to seek new and improved methods and devices for cutting, handling, and storing tissue samples.
- In one embodiment, the present invention provides a biopsy method. The method can include the steps of providing an outer cannula having a distal piercing tip, a cutter lumen, a side tissue port communicating with the cutter lumen, and at least one fluid passageway disposed distally of the side tissue port; advancing an inner cutter in the cutter lumen past the side tissue port to sever a tissue sample; and alternately covering and uncovering the fluid passageway disposed distally of the side tissue port by proximal and distal movement of the cutter without retracting the cutter proximally of the side tissue port. The step of alternately covering and uncovering the fluid passageway can aid to clearing the fluid passageway of any tissue residue which might otherwise obstruct flow through the passageway.
- In another embodiment, the present invention provides a biopsy apparatus. The apparatus can include an outer cannula and an inner cannula. The outer cannula can include a distal piercing tip, a cutter lumen, a side tissue port for receiving tissue into the cutter lumen, and a fluid passageway disposed distally of the side tissue port. The inner cutter can be a hollow, tubular cutter with a sharp distal tip, and the inner cutter can be advanced and rotated within the cutter lumen past the side tissue port to sever a tissue sample. A mechanism operatively associated with the inner cutter provides reciprocating motion of the inner cutter when the distal end of the cutter is disposed distally of the side tissue port, such that the inner cutter alternately covers and uncovers the fluid passageway disposed distally of the side tissue port.
- While the specification concludes with claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the present invention, it is believed the same will be better understood by reference to the following description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
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FIG. 1 is a partial isometric and partial schematic view of a biopsy instrument according to one embodiment of the present invention, which includes a handpiece for the collection of soft tissue; -
FIG. 2 is an isometric view of the probe assembly separated from the holster; -
FIG. 3 a is cross-sectional isometric view of the probe assembly taken along line 3-3 inFIG. 2 with the cutter & carriage assembly positioned at the proximal end position; -
FIG. 3 b is cross-sectional isometric view of the probe assembly taken along line 3-3 inFIG. 2 with the cutter & carriage assembly positioned between the proximal and distal end positions; -
FIG. 3 c is cross-sectional isometric view of the probe assembly taken along line 3-3 inFIG. 2 with the cutter & carriage assembly positioned at the distal end position; -
FIG. 4 is an exploded isometric view of the probe assembly ofFIG. 2 ; -
FIG. 5 a is a schematic diagram of the biopsy needle illustrating the fluid forces and cutter when the cutter is in a proximal end position at the initiation of a cutting cycle; -
FIG. 5 b is a schematic diagram similar toFIG. 5 a, illustrating the cutter and fluid forces as the cutter translates distally to sever a tissue sample; -
FIG. 5 c is a schematic diagram similar toFIG. 5 a, illustrating the fluid forces and cutter when the cutter has closed the aperture and severed the tissue sample; -
FIG. 5 d is a schematic diagram similar toFIG. 5 a, illustrating the fluid forces and cutter as the cutter has reached the distal end position and a tissue sample is aspirated to the tissue storing assembly at the conclusion of a cutting cycle; -
FIG. 6 is an isometric view of the rotary drive shaft illustrating a drive coupling configuration; -
FIG. 7 is an isometric view of an alternative embodiment for the cutter and drive carriage in which the cutter is removable from the probe assembly; -
FIG. 8 is an isometric view similar toFIG. 7 , illustrating the cutter and rear tube disengaged from the carriage and rotary drive gear for removal from the probe assembly; -
FIG. 9 a is an isometric view of the distal end of the biopsy needle illustrating the needle lumen and divider in greater detail; -
FIG. 9 b is a top isometric view of the distal portion of the biopsy needle illustrating the side tissue receiving port in greater detail; -
FIG. 10 is an isometric view of an alternative embodiment for the biopsy needle; -
FIG. 11 is an exploded isometric view of the biopsy needle shown inFIG. 10 ; -
FIG. 12 is a more detailed top isometric view of the aperture component shown inFIG. 11 ; -
FIG. 13 is a more detailed bottom isometric view of the aperture component shown inFIG. 11 ; -
FIG. 14 is an isometric view of a serial tissue stacking assembly; -
FIG. 15 a is an isometric view of the probe assembly ofFIG. 2 and the distal end of the serial tissue stacking assembly ofFIG. 14 , showing connectors for attaching the serial tissue storing assembly to the probe assembly; -
FIG. 15 b is an isometric view similar toFIG. 15 a, illustrating the probe assembly attached to the serial tissue storing assembly; -
FIG. 16 is a side cross-sectional view taken along line 16-16 of the serial tissue stacking assembly ofFIG. 14 ; -
FIG. 17 is a side cross-sectional view taken along line 17-17 ofFIG. 16 , illustrating the vacuum communication holes of the serial tissue stacking tube in greater detail; -
FIG. 18 is an isometric view of the translating flexible rod; -
FIG. 19 is an isometric view showing the reciprocating member and lower connector in greater detail; -
FIG. 20 is an isometric view showing the probe connectors and distal end of the tissue sample storage tube in greater detail; -
FIG. 21 is a detailed isometric view of the tissue retrieval mechanism shown inFIG. 14 , with the outer sleeve of the mechanism in a closed position; -
FIG. 22 is a detailed isometric view of the tissue retrieval mechanism ofFIG. 21 , showing the outer sleeve of the mechanism in an open position; -
FIG. 23 is an exploded isometric view of the mechanism ofFIG. 21 ; -
FIG. 24 shows a flexible push rod in the form of a plunger for use in removing samples; -
FIG. 25 is an isometric view showing removal of samples; -
FIG. 26 a is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of a separable tissue storage tube; -
FIG. 26 b is an isometric sectional view similar toFIG. 26 a, illustrating the vacuum lumen being peeled away from the tissue lumen; -
FIG. 26 c is an isometric view similar toFIG. 26 a, illustrating the tissue lumen removed from the vacuum lumen; -
FIG. 27 a is an isometric sectional view of an alternative embodiment for a separable tissue sample storage tube; -
FIG. 27 b is an isometric sectional view similar toFIG. 27 a, illustrating the vacuum lumen being peeled away from the tissue lumen; -
FIG. 28 is an isometric sectional view of a third embodiment for a separable tissue storage tube in which the tissue and vacuum lumens are separately extruded and attached together by a mechanical latch; -
FIG. 29 is an isometric view of an alternative embodiment for the serial tissue stacking assembly ofFIG. 14 , in which the proximal end of the tissue lumen is attached to a tissue stop rather than the tissue retrieval mechanism; -
FIG. 30 is an exploded isometric view of the alternative serial tissue stacking assembly embodiment shown inFIG. 29 ; -
FIG. 31 a is an isometric sectional view of the alternative serial tissue stacking assembly embodiment shown inFIG. 29 showing the positions of the connectors, sample tube and translating rod of the serial tissue storing assembly when the cutter and drive carriage are advanced distally in an initial cutting cycle; -
FIG. 31 b is an isometric sectional view similar toFIG. 31 a, showing the positions of the connectors, sample tube and translating rod when the cutter and drive carriage are retracted following the initial cutting cycle; -
FIG. 31 c is an isometric sectional view similar toFIG. 31 a, showing the positions of the connectors, sample tube and translating rod of the serial tissue storing assembly when the cutter and drive carriage are advanced distally during a second cutting cycle; -
FIG. 31 d is an isometric sectional view similar toFIG. 31 a, showing the positions of the connectors, sample tube and translating rod of the serial tissue storing assembly when the cutter and drive carriage are retracted following the second cutting cycle; -
FIG. 32 is an isometric view of a parallel tissue stacking assembly for the present invention; -
FIG. 33 is an exploded isometric view of the parallel tissue stacking assembly ofFIG. 32 ; -
FIG. 34 is a bottom isometric view of the tissue storage component shown inFIGS. 32 and 33 ; -
FIG. 35 is an isometric view of the distal end of the parallel tissue stacking assembly ofFIG. 32 , with the tissue storage component removed; -
FIG. 36 a is a more detailed isometric view of the cam member ofFIG. 33 , showing the cam member in a retracted position at the beginning of a cutting cycle, with the position of a pair of bosses shown in phantom; -
FIG. 36 b is a more detailed isometric view similar toFIG. 36 a, showing the cam member in an advanced position during the cutting cycle, and a pair of bosses in phantom, with one of the bosses deflecting the camming surface; -
FIG. 36 c is a more detailed isometric view similar toFIG. 36 a, showing the cam member in a retracted position at the conclusion of a cutting cycle, with the position of a boss at the conclusion of the cutting cycle shown in phantom; -
FIG. 37 is an exploded isometric view of a cable driven drive assembly for the holster viewed in the proximal direction; -
FIG. 38 a is an isometric view of a probe assembly base unit for use in a mammography guided biopsy procedure; -
FIG. 38 b is an isometric view of a probe and probe assembly base unit for use in a mammography guided biopsy procedure; -
FIG. 39 is an isometric view of a second embodiment of a probe assembly base unit for use in an ultrasound guided biopsy procedure; -
FIG. 40 is an isometric view of a third embodiment of a probe assembly base unit for use in an MRI guided biopsy procedure; and -
FIG. 41 is an isometric view of an MRI localization depth gage for interfacing the probe assembly with an MRI unit. - The present invention pertains to a biopsy device for obtaining a tissue sample from within a body. The biopsy device can have a reduced cutting stroke length as compared to device such as commercially available Mammotome brand biopsy devices. Reducing the cutting stroke length decreases the time to acquire each sample, and also the overall size of the biopsy device, thereby enhancing the versatility and ergonomics of the device. The reduced stroke length of the cutter enables many of the same probe components to be used in all three primary imaging environments: mammography, ultrasound and MRI. In addition, the present invention enables the sequential collection and storage of tissue samples. Tissue samples may be removed from the biopsy device and examined in real-time, as well as sequentially stored for subsequent retrieval at the conclusion of the biopsy procedure. Sequentially storing tissue samples eliminates the need to immediately remove each sample from the device following sampling, thereby further reducing the sample acquisition time.
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FIG. 1 shows a core sampling biopsy instrument according to the present invention comprising a handpiece identified generally asnumeral 30.Handpiece 30 can be held comfortably in a single hand, and can be manipulated with a single hand.Handpiece 30 can include aprobe assembly 32 and a detachably connectedholster 34. Probeassembly 32 can be operatively connected to avacuum source 36, such as by a first,lateral tube 40 and a second,axial tube 42. First andsecond tubes tubes -
First tube 40 can includee aY connector 44 for connecting to multiple fluid sources. A first proximal end ofY connector 44 can extend to a first solenoid controlledrotary valve 48 in acontrol module 46, while the second proximal end of the Y connector can extend to a second solenoid controlledrotary valve 51 incontrol module 46. The first solenoid controlledrotary valve 48 incontrol module 46 can be operable to connect either thevacuum source 36 or thecompressed air source 38 tolateral tube 40. It is understood within this specification that compressed air means air pressure at or above atmospheric pressure. In one configuration, whenvalve 48 is activated, vacuum is supplied totube 40 fromvacuum source 36, and whenvalve 48 is not activated, pressurized air fromcompressed air source 38 is supplied throughtube 40. The solenoid associated withvalve 48 can be controlled by amicroprocessor 49 incontrol module 46, as indicated by dashedline 47.Microprocessor 49 can be employed to adjust the position ofvalve 48 automatically based upon the position of a cutter movably supported withinprobe assembly 32. The second solenoid controlledrotary valve 51 incontrol module 46 can be employed to either connect a saline supply 50 (such as a saline supply bag, or alternatively, a pressurized reservoir of saline) to atube 188 or to seal off the proximal end oftube 188. For instance,rotary valve 51 can be activated bymicroprocessor 49 to supply saline when a switch onhandpiece 30 is actuated. Whenrotary valve 51 is activated, firstrotary valve 48 can be automatically deactivated (such as by microprocessor 49) to prevent the interaction of vacuum and saline withinlateral tube 40. A stopcock 58 may be included inlateral vacuum tube 40 to allow for a syringe injection of saline directly into thetube 40, if desired. For instance, a syringe injection can be employed to increase the saline pressure in the tube to dislodge any clogs that may occur, such as tissue clogging fluid passageways. - In one embodiment,
axial vacuum tube 42 can be employed to communicate vacuum fromsource 36 to probeassembly 32 through atissue storage assembly 52.Axial tube 42 can provide vacuum through the cutter withinprobe assembly 32 to assist in prolapsing tissue into a side tissue aperture aperture prior to cutting. After cutting occurs, the vacuum inaxial line 42 can be employed to help draw a severed tissue sample fromprobe assembly 32 and intotissue storage assembly 52, as will be described in further detail below. -
Holster 34 can include acontrol cord 54 for operationally connectinghandpiece 30 to controlmodule 46, and a flexiblerotatable shaft 55 connecting the holster to adrive motor 45. Apower source 56 can be employed to provide energy to controlmodule 46 for poweringholster 34 viacontrol cord 54.Switches 60 are mounted on holsterupper shell 62 to enable an operator to usehandpiece 30 with a single hand. One-handed operation allows the operator's other hand to be free, for example, to hold an ultrasonic imaging device.Switches 60 can include a two-position rocker switch 64 for manually actuating the motion of the cutter (e.g. forward movement of the rocker switch moves the cutter in the forward (distal) direction for tissue sampling and rearward movement of the rocker switch actuates the cutter in the reverse (proximal) direction). Alternatively, the cutter could be automatically actuated bycontrol module 46. Anadditional switch 66 can be provided onholster 34 for permitting the operator to activate saline flow on demand into lateral tube 40 (for instance, switch 66 can be configured to operatevalve 51 for providing saline flow totube 40 whenswitch 66 is depressed by the user). -
FIG. 2 shows probe assembly 32 disconnected fromholster 34. Probeassembly 32 includes anupper shell 70 and alower shell 72, each of which may be injection molded from a rigid, biocompatible plastic, such as a polycarbonate. Upon final assembly ofprobe assembly 32, upper andlower shells edge 74 by any of a number of methods well-known for joining plastic parts, including, without limitation, ultrasonic welding, snap fasteners, interference fit, and adhesive joining. -
FIGS. 3 a, 3 b, 3 c, and 4 illustrateprobe assembly 32 in greater detail.FIG. 3 a depicts the cutter assembly and carriage retracted proximally.FIG. 3 b depicts the cutter assembly and carriage partially advanced.FIG. 3 c depicts the cutter assembly and carriage advanced distally. As shown inFIGS. 3 a-c, the probe assembly can include abiopsy needle 80 located at a distal end ofprobe assembly 32 for insertion into a patient's skin to obtain a tissue sample.Needle 80 comprises an elongated,metallic cannula 82, which can include an upper lumen, such as anupper cutter lumen 83 for receiving a cutter 100 (as shown inFIG. 5 a), and a lower lumen, such as alower lumen 84 for providing a fluid passageway.Cutter 100 can be disposed withincannula 82, and can be coaxially disposed withinlumen 83. -
Cannula 82 can have any suitable cross-sectional shape, including a circular or oval shaped cross-section. Adjacent and proximal of the distal end ofcannula 82 is a side (lateral)tissue receiving port 86 for receiving the tissue to be severed from the patient. A sharpened tip ofneedle 80 can be formed by aseparate endpiece 90 attached to the distal end ofcannula 82. The sharpened tip ofendpiece 90 can be used to pierce the patients skin so that the side tissue receiving port can be positioned in the tissue mass to be sampled.Endpiece 90 can have a two-sided, flat-shaped point as shown, or any number of other shapes suitable for penetrating the soft tissue of the patient. - The proximal end of
needle 80 can be attached to aunion sleeve 92 having alongitudinal bore 94 therethrough, and atransverse opening 96 into a widened center portion of the bore. The distal end oflateral tube 40 can be inserted to fit tightly intotransverse opening 96 ofunion sleeve 92. This attachment allows the communication of fluids (gas or liquid) between the lower lumen and thelateral tube 40. - The
cutter 100, which can be an elongated, tubular cutter, can be disposed at least partially withinupper lumen 83, and can be supported for translation and rotation withinlumen 83.Cutter 100 can be supported withinneedle lumen 84 so as to be translatable in both the distal and proximal directions.Cutter 100 can have a sharpeneddistal end 106 for cutting tissue received inupper lumen 83 through sidetissue receiving port 86. Thecutter 100 may be formed of any suitable material, including without limitation a metal, a polymer, a ceramic, or a combination of materials.Cutter 100 can be translated withinlumen 83 by a suitable drive assembly such thatdistal end 106 travels from a position proximal of the side tissue port 86 (illustrated inFIG. 3 a) to a position distal of side tissue port 86 (illustrated inFIG. 3 c), in order to cut tissue received inlumen 83 through theside tissue port 86. In an alternative embodiment, an exterior cutter can be employed, with the exterior cutter sliding coaxially with an inner cannular needle, and the inner needle can include a side tissue receiving port. -
Union sleeve 92 is supported between probe upper andlower shells cutter 100 and the union sleeve. Thecutter 100 can be a hollow tube, with alumen 104 extending axially through the length ofcutter 100. As shown inFIG. 4 , the proximal end ofcutter 100 can extend through an axial bore of acutter gear 110.Cutter gear 110 may be metallic or polymeric, and includes a plurality ofcutter gear teeth 112.Cutter gear 110 can be driven by arotary drive shaft 114 having a plurality ofdrive gear teeth 116 designed to mesh withcutter gear teeth 112.Drive gear teeth 116 can extend along the length ofdrive shaft 114 so as to engagecutter gear teeth 112 as thecutter 100 translates from a proximal most position to a distal most position, as illustrated inFIGS. 5 a-5 c.Drive gear teeth 116 can be in continual engagement withcutter gear teeth 112 to rotatecutter 100 wheneverdrive shaft 114 is rotatably driven. Driveshaft 114 rotatescutter 100 as the cutter advances distally throughtissue receiving port 86 for the cutting of tissue. Driveshaft 114 may be injection molded from a rigid engineered plastic such as liquid crystal polymer material or, alternatively, could be manufactured from a metallic or non-metallic material. Driveshaft 114 includes a firstaxial end 120 extending distally from the shaft.Axial end 120 is supported for rotation within probelower shell 72, such as by a bearingsurface feature 122 molded on the inside of the probe shell. Similarly, a secondaxial end 124 extends proximally fromrotary drive shaft 114 and is supported in a secondbearing surface feature 126 which can also be molded on the inside of probelower shell 72. An O-ring and bushing (not shown) may be provided on eachaxial end shaft 114 whenrotary drive shaft 114 is mounted inprobe shell 72. - As shown in
FIGS. 3 a, 3 b, 3 c, and 4, adrive carriage 134 is provided inprobe assembly 32 to holdcutter gear 110, and carry the cutter gear and attachedcutter 100 during translation in both the distal and proximal directions. Drivecarriage 134 is preferably molded from a rigid polymer and has a cylindrically-shapedbore 136 extending axially therethrough. A pair of J-shapedhook extensions 140 extend from one side ofdrive carriage 134.Hook extensions 140rotatably support cutter 100 on either side ofcutter gear 110 to provide proximal and distal translation of the cutter gear and cutter during proximal and distal translation ofdrive carriage 134.Hook extensions 140align cutter 100 andcutter gear 110 in the proper orientation forcutter gear teeth 112 to mesh withdrive gear teeth 116. - Drive
carriage 134 is supported on atranslation shaft 142.Shaft 142 is supported generally parallel tocutter 100 androtary drive shaft 114. Rotation of thetranslation shaft 142 provides translation of the carriage 134 (and so alsocutter gear 110 and cutter 100) by employing a lead screw type drive.Shaft 142 includes an external lead screw thread feature, such aslead screw thread 144, on its outer surface. Thescrew thread 144 extends into abore 136 incarriage 134. Thescrew thread 144 engages an internal helical threaded surface feature provided on the inner surface ofbore 136. Accordingly, asshaft 142 is rotated, thecarriage 134 translates along the threadedfeature 144 of theshaft 142. Thecutter gear 110 and thecutter 100 translate with thecarriage 134. Reversing the direction of rotation ofshaft 142 reverses the direction of translation of thecarriage 134 and thecutter 100.Translation shaft 142 may be injection molded from a rigid engineered plastic such as liquid crystal polymer material or, alternatively, could be manufactured from a metallic or non-metallic material.Translation shaft 142 with leadscrew thread feature 144 can be molded, machined, or otherwise formed. Likewise,carriage 134 can be molded or machined to include an internal helical thread inbore 136. Rotation ofshaft 142 drives the carriage andcutter gear 110 andcutter 100 in the distal and proximal directions, depending upon the direction of rotation ofshaft 142, so thatcutter 100 translates withinprobe assembly 32.Cutter gear 110 is rigidly attached tocutter 100 so that the cutter translates in the same direction and at the same speed asdrive carriage 134. - In one embodiment, at the distal and proximal ends of
lead screw thread 144, the helical thread is cut short so that the effective pitch width of the thread is zero. At these distal most and proximal most positions ofthread 144, translation ofdrive carriage 134 is no longer positively driven byshaft 142 regardless of the continued rotation ofshaft 142, as the carriage effectively runs off thethread 144. Biasing members, such ascompression coil springs FIGS. 3 a-c), are positioned onshaft 142 adjacent the distal and proximal ends of thescrew thread 144.Springs 150A/B bias carriage 134 back into engagement withlead screw thread 144 when the carriage runs off thethread 144. Whileshaft 142 continues rotating in the same direction, the zero pitch width thread in combination withsprings 150A/B cause carriage 134 and, therefore,cutter 100 to “freewheel” at the end of the shaft. At the proximal end of the threaded portion ofshaft 142, the carriage engagesspring 150A. At the distal end of the threaded portion ofshaft 142, the carriage engagesspring 150B. When the carriage runs off thescrew thread 144, thespring carriage 134 and biases thecarriage 134 back into engagement with thescrew thread 144 ofshaft 142, at which point continued rotation of theshaft 142 again causes thecarriage 134 to run off thescrew thread 144. Accordingly, as long as rotation ofshaft 142 is maintained in the same direction, the carriage 134 (and cutter 100) will continue to “freewheel”, with the distal end of thecutter 106 translating a short distance proximally and distally as the carriage is alternately biased onto thethread 144 byspring screw thread 144 by rotation ofshaft 142. When the cutter is in the distal most position shown inFIG. 3 c, with thedistal end 106 of cutter positioned distal ofside tissue port 86,spring 150B will engagecarriage 134, and repeatedly urgecarriage 134 back into engagement withscrew thread 144 whencarriage 134 runs off thescrew thread 144. Accordingly, after thecutter 100 is advanced such that thedistal end 106 of the cutter translates distally past theside tissue port 86 to cut tissue, to the position shown inFIG. 3 c, continued rotation of theshaft 142 will result in thedistal end 106 oscillating back and forth, translating a short distance proximally and distally, until the direction of rotation ofshaft 142 is reversed (such as to retract thecutter 100 distally to the position shown inFIG. 3 a.) The slight movement ofcarriage 134 into engagement with the screw thread and out of engagement with thescrew thread 144 against the biasing force ofspring 150B, causes thedistal end 106 ofcutter 100 to repetitively reciprocate a short distance withincannula 82, which distance can be about equal to the pitch ofthreads 144, and which distance is shorter than the distance the cutter travels in crossing theside tissue port 86. This reciprocal movement of the cutter can provide alternate covering and uncovering of at least one fluid passageway disposed distally of the side tissue port, as described below. - The zero pitch width ends of
lead screw thread 144 provide a defined stop for the axial translation ofcutter 100, thereby eliminating the need to slow carriage 134 (i.e. cutter 100) as it approaches the distal and proximal ends of the thread. This defined stop reduces the required positioning accuracy forcarriage 134 relative toshaft 142, resulting in reduced calibration time at the initialization of a procedure. The freewheeling ofcarriage 134 at the distal and proximal most positions oftranslation shaft 142 eliminates the need to rotate the shaft a precise number of turns during a procedure. Rather,translation shaft 142 only needs to translate at least a minimum number of turns to insurecarriage 134 has translated the entire length oflead screw thread 144 and into the zero width thread. Additionally, the freewheeling ofcarriage 134 eliminates the need to home the device, allowingprobe assembly 32 to be inserted into the patient's tissue without first being attached toholster 34. Afterprobe assembly 32 is inserted,holster 34 is attached and sampling can be commenced. - As shown in
FIG. 4 , a non-rotatingrear tube 152 can be provided whichtube 152 can extend proximally from the proximal end ofcutter 100 just proximal ofcutter gear 110.Rear tube 152 can be hollow and can have substantially the same inner diameter ascutter 100, and may be comprised of the same material as the cutter. Aseal 154 can be positioned betweencutter 100 andrear tube 152 to enable the cutter to rotate relative to the tube while providing a pneumatic seal between therear tube 152 and thecutter 100. Arear lumen 156 can extend through the length oftube 152 and can be aligned withlumen 104 incutter 100.Rear lumen 156 transports excised tissue samples fromlumen 104 throughprobe assembly 32 to thetissue storage assembly 52.Lumen 104 andrear lumen 156 are axially aligned to provide a continuous, generally straight line, unobstructed passageway betweentissue receiving port 86 andtissue storage assembly 52 for the transport of tissue samples. The inner surfaces ofcutter 100 andtube 152 may be coated with a hydrolubricous material to aid in the proximal transport of the excised tissue samples. - A
lateral extension 158 can be provided and can be supported by and extend distally fromrear tube 152 for securing the tube to drivecarriage 134. Theextension 158 connectstube 152 tocarriage 134 so thattube 152 translates withcutter 100, and maintainslumens -
FIGS. 5 a-5 d provide simplified schematic views of the movement ofcutter 100 during a cutting cycle. As shown inFIG. 5 a, initially in the cuttingcycle cutter 100 is located at a proximal most position withdistal cutting end 106 disposed proximally of the proximal most edge of theside tissue port 86, and adjacent the proximal end of alumen divider 170. As the cutting cycle begins, a lateral vacuum force (indicated by arrow 176) can be provided inlower lumen 84.Vacuum force 176 can be transmitted fromvacuum source 36 throughtube 40 tolower lumen 84 through a flow path provided byunion sleeve 92. -
Microprocessor 49 can be employed to activatevalve 48 to supplyvacuum force 176 whenswitch 64 is actuated by the user to begin movingcutter 100 distally withinneedle 80.Lateral vacuum force 176 communicates withtissue receiving port 86 throughfluid passageways 172 disposed underport 86, and through one or morefluid passageways 174 disposed distally of theport 86. InFIG. 5 c, a fluid passageway 174A is illustrated disposed distally ofport 86 and spaced approximately 180 degrees circumferentially fromport 86. InFIG. 5 d, afluid passageway 174B is illustrated disposed distally of theport 86 in thedistal endpiece 90 of the biopsy probe. Bothfluid passageways 174A and 174B can provide fluid communication betweenlower lumen 84 andupper lumen 83. -
Lateral vacuum force 176 can be employed in combination with anaxial vacuum force 180 throughcutter lumen 104 to draw atissue sample 182 intotissue port 86. Aftertissue sample 182 is drawn intoport 86,cutter 100 can be rotated and simultaneously translated distally to sever the tissue sample from the surrounding tissue. Whilecutter 100 advances,vacuum forces lower lumen 84 andcutter lumen 104 to draw the tissue sample into the cutter lumen as the sample is severed. As shown inFIG. 5 b, ascutter 100 advances the cutter slides acrossfluid passageways 172, successively blocking the lateral vacuum through the holes. - When
cutter 100 reaches the distal most position, as shown inFIG. 5 c,fluid passageways 172 can be completely blocked by the cutter. At this point in the cutting cycle, cutter rotation can be maintained, and the cutter can “freewheel” as described above, with thedistal end 106 of thecutter 100 moving proximally and distally in an alternating, oscillating manner. Ascutter 100 freewheels, the cutter can oscillate distally and proximally a distance which can be about equal to the pitch oflead screw thread 144 at a frequency corresponding approximately to the rotation speed oftranslation shaft 142. One or more fluid passageways 174A can be positioned inlumen divider 170 such that ascutter 100 is freewheeling at its distal most position, the cutter alternately covers and uncovers (and so opens and closes) the passageways 174A. With passageway 174A open,lower lumen 84 remains in fluid communication withcutter lumen 104 throughdivider 170 despite the blocking ofpassageways 172. The repetitive movement ofcutter 100 over passageway 174A can assist in clearing any tissue that may be blocking or clogging passageway 174A, and to maintain fluid communication through passageway 174A. -
Fluid Passageway 174B indistal endpiece 90 can be employed in place of or in combination with fluid passageway 174A.Fluid passageway 174B can provide fluid communication betweenlower lumen 84 andupper lumen 83 whenpassageway 174 is covered bycutter 100. - A predefined amount of time after the
cutter 100 reaches its distal most position and begins to freewheel, the solenoid onrotary valve 48 can be deenergized or otherwise controlled bymicroprocessor 49 to replacelateral vacuum force 176 with forward pressurized air (either atmospheric or greater) as shown by the arrows inFIG. 5 c. The pressurized air is discharged throughlateral tube 40 tolumen 84. With port holes 172 closed off bycutter 100, the pressurized air communicates withupper lumen 83 through fluid passageway 174A (and/or a 174B) to apply a force against the distal face ofsample 182. The force acting on the distal face ofsample 182 can act in combination with an withaxial vacuum force 180 provided through thelumen 104 ofcutter 100. The push provided by the force acting on the distal face of thesample 182 in combination with the vacuum “pull” provided by the vacuum provided via thelumen 104 ofcutter 100 can be employed to move thesample 182 into and throughlumen 104 ofcutter 100, as shown inFIG. 5 d. Alternatively, instead of employing pressurized air to provide a force on the distal face ofsample 182, a pressurized liquid, such as saline, can be directed throughlower lumen 84 and fluid passageways 174A and/or 174B to provide the force on the distal face ofsample 182. Thecutter 100 closes theside tissue port 86 from the flow of fluid (gas or liquid) so that tissue surrounding the outer cannula andside port 86 is not exposed to the fluid. - As the
tissue sample 182 translates proximally throughprobe assembly 32 towardssample collection assembly 52, thecutter 100 can be maintained in a distal most position. Alternatively, thecutter 100 can be retracted back throughtissue port 86 towards its initial position in preparation for the next cutting cycle. Aftercutter 100 is fully retracted, and the tissue sample is translated totissue storage assembly 52,lateral vacuum force 176 is again provided vialumen 84 to draw the next tissue sample intoport 86. During the translation ofcutter 100, the cutter can operate in conjunction withdivider 170 toseparate lumen 83 fromlumen 84. - During the cutting cycle,
cutter 100 translates from a point just proximal of sidetissue receiving port 86 to a point just distal of the receiving port. The severed tissue samples are directed through the length of thelumen 104 ofcutter 100 and out of the proximal end of thecutter 100, rather than translating the cutter (with the samples carried in the distal end of the cutter) proximally through theneedle 80 to eject the samples with a knock-out pin, as in some prior devices. Accordingly, the cutting stroke length can be reduced to be just slightly longer than the length of theside tissue port 86. With the reduced stroke length, the distal end of the cutter 100 (as well as a length of the cutter 100) can remain withinneedle 80 throughout the cutting cycle, eliminating the need to accommodate the full length of the cutter within the probe housing and proximal of theneedle 80. In addition, the reduced cutting stroke length reduces the required length oftranslation shaft 142, since the shaft need only translate the cutter a distance slightly longer than the length oftissue receiving port 86. Reducing the translation shaft length, and eliminating the need to accommodate the cutter length within the probe housing, enables the length ofhandpiece 30 to be reduced. The time to acquire each tissue sample is also reduced in the present invention, due to the shortened cutting stroke reducing the time required to advance and retract the cutter throughneedle 80. Sincecutter 100 retracts only to a point just proximal oftissue receiving port 86,lumen divider 170 can be formed to extend to the proximal most point of the cutter, rather than through the entire length of the needle. Reducing the length ofdivider 170 reduces the required materials and cost ofmanufacturing needle 80. - As described above, fluid passageways 174A and/or 174B can also be used to apply saline to the distal face of a severed tissue sample, such as illustrated in FIGS. 5C-D. The saline may be used to provide a push against the tissue sample and thereby aid in moving the tissue sample proximally within the
cutter lumen 104. To provide a saline flush, tubing fromsaline supply bag 50 is routed throughrotary valve 51 bycontrol module 46 toY connector 44 and throughlateral tube 40 tolumen 84. In one embodiment, a button can be provided onhandpiece 30, such that when the button is depressed while the cutter is freewheeling in its distal most position, thevalve 51 is activated to connect thesaline 50 tolateral tube 40. Prior to a sampling procedure, the saline system may be primed by activating therotary valve 51 to allow the vacuum fromvacuum source 36 to draw saline intotubing 188. Saline will then filltubing 188 up toY connector 44. When the operator then depresses the handpiece button during the procedure, the saline will flow fromY connector 44, throughlateral tube 40, and intolumen 84 to be applied againsttissue sample 182. Whenrotary valve 51 is deenergized,tubing 188 is sealed off so that the flow of saline to lumen 84 is stopped. - In an alternative embodiment, saline can be automatically provided to
lumen 84 during every cutting cycle. In this embodiment, a handpiece button is not required to operate the saline. Rather,microprocessor 49 automatically activates rotary valve 51 a designated time aftercutter 100 reaches the distal most position withinneedle 80 during the cutting cycle, and deactivates the valve when the cutter has retracted to a designated proximal position. A position sensor can be incorporated with theholster 34 orcontrol module 46 to activaterotary valve 51 based upon the axial position of the cutter in the cutting cycle. Thus, the position of thecutter 100 will automatically activate and deactivaterotary valve 51, such as when the cutter advances and retracts during each cutting cycle. - As shown in
FIG. 4 , adrive slot 132 may be formed inproximal end 124 ofshaft 114 for interfacing with a similar-shaped drive slot in a motor drive shaft, or other rotary drive input fromholster 34. Alternatively, as shown inFIG. 6 , a star-shapedinterface 130 may be molded into secondaxial end 124 ofdrive shaft 114.Star interface 130 can be provided to mate with a similar-shaped male interface which could be provided on the rotary drive shaft ofholster 34 to rotatedrive shaft 114. Alternatively, thefemale star interface 130 may be molded into the drive shaft fromholster 34 and a similar-shaped male interface formed indrive shaft 114. Use ofstar interface 130, or another similar type of interface that is molded into the rotary drive shaft, minimizes the axial length required for the drive coupling. Reducing the drive coupling length reduces the overall length ofprobe 32. -
FIGS. 7 and 8 illustrate an alternative embodiment for the invention, in whichcutter 100 andrear tube 152 are releasable fromprobe assembly 32 such that thecutter 100 can be repeatedly removed and re-inserted into theprobe assembly 32 without disassembling theprobe assembly 32. Removal (either partial or complete removal) of thecutter 100 can be advantageous, such as where thecutter 100 is formed of metal and the imaging device employed with theprobe 32 is a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) device. InFIGS. 7 and 8 , the proximal portion ofrear tube 152 is not shown. - In the embodiment shown in
FIGS. 7 and 8 ,cutter 100 andrear tube 152 can be joined at aseal 154 just proximal ofcutter gear 110, such that the cutter is capable of rotating relative to the rear tube 152 (which can be supported to not rotate). Acutter release lever 160 can be supported on and can protrude fromrear tube 152.Release lever 160 as shown includes anend 162 extending distally towardscarriage 134. Alateral slot 164 inend 162 is shaped and sized to engage a feature associated withcarriage 134, such as adisk feature 166 which can be securely attached to aproximal hook extension 140 ofcarriage 134. Whileslot 164 engagesdisk 166,cutter 100 andrear tube 152 translate together withcarriage 134. A spline features 168 located near the proximal end ofcutter 100 can be employed to engage with a complimenting spline feature on the internal diameter ofcutter gear 110 to insure thecutter 100 andcutter gear 110 rotate together. - To remove
cutter 100 andtube 152 fromprobe assembly 32, such as for imaging prior to a cutting cycle, the proximal end ofrelease lever 160 is squeezed in the direction oftube 152. The squeezing action unlatchesslot 164 fromdisk 166, releasingcutter 100 andtube 152 from both thecarriage 134 and thecutter gear 110. As shown inFIG. 8 , aftertube 152 andcutter 100 are released, the tube and cutter may be pulled proximally through the cutter gear bore and out the proximal end ofprobe assembly 32. To reinsertcutter 100 andtube 152, the tube and cutter are connected atseal 154, and the combination is inserted through the proximal end ofprobe assembly 32 so that the cutter again extends through the cutter gear bore and union sleeve bore 94 intocannula 82.Cutter 100 andtube 152 are pushed distally throughprobe assembly 32 untilslot 164 ofend 162 again latches ontodisk 166. - The
cutter 100 may be repeatedly removed from and reinserted into theprobe assembly 32 through an opening in the proximal end of theprobe assembly 32. Thetissue receiving port 86 can be positioned in tissue to be sampled, thecutter 100 can be removed from theprobe assembly 32, the biopsy site can be imaged, such as by using MRI, the cutter can be inserted into theprobe assembly 32, and the tissue received in theside tissue port 86 can be severed with thecutter 100. The step of removing the cutter from the probe assembly can be performed before or after thetissue port 86 is positioned within the tissue to be sampled. Additionally, the cutter can be removed after a tissue sample is severed, either before or after theneedle 80 is removed from tissue. - As shown in
FIGS. 9 a and 9 b, adivider 170 may be inserted in the distal end ofcannula 82 to separate the interior ofneedle 80 into upper andlower lumens 83/84. In the embodiment shown inFIGS. 9 a and 9 b,divider 170 extends axially throughcannula 82 to a point just proximal oftissue receiving port 86. The proximal end ofdivider 170 can coincide with the proximal most position ofcutter 100 so that the cutter and divider combine to separate the upper and lower lumens. Alternatively,divider 170 could extend axially through the full length ofneedle 80. As shown inFIG. 9 a,divider 170 can comprise a curved surface that conforms closely to the outer circumference ofcutter 100 to enable the cutter to slide along the surface of the divider as the cutter translates withincannula 82. A plurality of fluid passageway holes 172 can be formed individer 170 beneath tissue receiving port 86 (spaced approximately 180 degrees from the port 86).Fluid passageways 172 can be sized to permit fluid communication betweenlumens 83 and 84 (and tissue receiving port 86), while preventing excised tissue portions from passing into the lumen.Divider 170 can also include one or morefluid passageways 174 distal of thetissue receiving port 86 through which compressed gas (e.g. air) or liquid (e.g. saline) can be provided to the distal face of a tissue sample located within thecutter lumen 104 while thecutter 100 is in its distal most position closing off thetissue receiving port 86. Withcutter 100 in the distal most position and closing off thetissue receiving port 86, tissue samples can be pushed through thecutter 100 without exposing tissue surrounding thecannula 82 to the fluid.Divider 170 may be formed of the same material ascannula 82, and the longitudinal edge of the divider may be welded or otherwise permanently affixed to the inner diameter of the cannula. -
FIGS. 10 and 11 illustrate an alternative embodiment for a biopsy needle suitable for use with aprobe assembly 32. The needle, designated bynumeral 165, can be assembled from an aperture component, a tissue piercing component, and a tube component. In this embodiment,tube component 168 comprises acannula 171 having a lumen 173 extending there through, and atissue receiving aperture 175 adjacent the distal end of the tube. Theaperture component 177 comprises anaperture 178 andfluid passageways 179. The tissuepiercing component component 90 can be insert molded into the aperture component or mechanically secured to it, such as with adhesive or other suitable bonding means. - As shown in greater detail in
FIGS. 12 and 13 ,aperture component 177 can have a semi-tubular shape with anupper opening 178 of substantially the same length astissue receiving aperture 175.Opening 178 aligns withtissue receiving aperture 175 when the twocomponents fluid passageways 179 are formed in alower surface 169 ofaperture component 177 beneathopening 178.Lower surface 169 can provide a divider for providing a lower lumen whenneedle 165 is assembled. One or morefluid passageways 181 can be provided distal of opening 178 so as to be distal oftissue receiving aperture 175 when the needle components are assembled together.Passageways needle components engagement bosses 183 can be provided and can extend from the proximal end ofaperture component 177 for attaching the aperture component totube component 168. To assembleneedle 165,aperture component 177 is inserted through the distal end ofcannula 171 untilbosses 183 engage complimentary grooves or holes on the inner diameter of thetube component 168. The engagement between the bosses and grooveslocks aperture component 177 withintube component 168. In addition, whenneedle 165 is assembled intoprobe assembly 32, the portion of thecutter 100 which extends distally beyondbosses 183 intube component 168 can further prevent theaperture component 177 from disengaging form thetube component 168. Acircumferential lip 185 can be provided on theaperture component 177. Thelip 185 can provide a seating surface for the distal end oftube component 168 when the aperture component is assembled with the tube component. - Referring again to
FIG. 5 , once a tissue sample enters thelumen 104 ofcutter 100, theaxial vacuum force 180 can serve to pull the sample proximally through thecutter 100 to be directed fromprobe assembly 32 intotissue storage assembly 52. In a first embodiment,tissue storage assembly 52 comprises a serialtissue stacking assembly 190, such as is shown inFIG. 14 . In serialtissue stacking assembly 190, multiple tissue samples are stacked one behind the next in an end to end configuration, such as in a flexible tube. The samples may be removed individually from the tube and examined in real-time during the procedure or, alternatively, left in the tube until the end of the procedure and removed all at once. The distal end ofserial tissue assembly 190 can be detachably connected via dual connection mechanisms to probe assembly 32 (so that the serialtissue storage assembly 190 is releasable from the probe assembly), while the proximal end of theassembly 190 can be detachably connected viatube 42 to a vacuum source, such asvacuum source 36 shown inFIG. 1 . - In the embodiment shown in
FIGS. 15 a and 15 b, anupper connector 192 at the distal end ofserial tissue assembly 190 includes a pair ofsnap fasteners 194.Fasteners 194 engage a pair of fastener engaging features 196 that are disposed at the proximal end of the probe assembly, such as a pair of notches that can be formed in a portion of the proximal end of probelower shell 72. Whenfasteners 194 are engaged with features 196, as shown inFIG. 15 a, the upper portion ofserial tissue assembly 190 is attached to the probe housing. - A second,
lower connecter 198, also at the distal end ofserial tissue assembly 190, can include a similar pair ofsnap fasteners 200.Lower snap fasteners 200 engage a mating pair of features 202 on the proximal end of therear tube 152 that is shown extending from a proximal opening inprobe assembly 32 inFIG. 15 b. The distal end ofrear tube 152 can be joined tocarriage 134 as shown inFIG. 8 . Whenlower snap fasteners 200 engage notches 202, as shown inFIG. 15 b, the lower portion ofserial tissue assembly 190 moves distally and proximally with the translation ofdrive carriage 134. When bothupper connector 192 andlower connector 198 are attached to probeassembly 32, the lower portion ofserial tissue assembly 190 will translate relative to the fixed upper portion of the assembly during the cutting cycle. To detachserial tissue assembly 190 fromprobe assembly 32, each of the pairs ofsnap fasteners serial tissue assembly 190 may be separated fromprobe assembly 32. - As shown in
FIGS. 14 and 16 ,serial tissue assembly 190 includes asample storage tube 206 having dual lumens extending axially therethrough. The dual lumens can be generally parallel.Tube 206 may be comprised of polyvinyl chloride or another similar type of flexible, water insoluble material. Using a clear material forstorage tube 206, such as polyvinyl chloride, enables the stacked tissue samples to be visible from outside the tube. -
Tube 206 can include a longitudinally extending center wall divider for separating the two lumens.Tube 206 can comprise a first lumen, such as stackinglumen 210, for transferring and storingtissue samples 204 that have been aspirated to the assembly throughcutter lumen 104.Tissue stacking lumen 210 can be detachably connected to the proximal end ofrear tube 152 bylower connector 198. Whenfasteners 200 engage features 202, as described above,tissue stacking lumen 210 can be axially aligned withrear tube lumen 156 to provide a continuous, unobstructed passageway for the movement oftissue samples 204 fromtissue receiving port 86 into the tissuelumen stacking lumen 210. - As
tissue samples 204 entertissue stacking lumen 210, the samples stack serially one behind the next within the lumen, in end to end configuration, as shown inFIG. 16 , so that the order of the samples (the order in which the samples are obtained from the biopsy site) is maintained while the samples are stored intissue stacking lumen 210. A tissue stop can be located within thetissue retrieval mechanism 260 at the proximal end oftissue lumen 210 to prevent the first or earliest sample from translating completely through the tissue lumen and intovacuum system 36. Thetube 206 can comprise a second lumen, tissue stackingvacuum lumen 214, for providing a flow communication path for vacuum throughrear tube 152 andcutter 100 so that severedtissue samples 204 can be drawn throughcutter 100 andrear tube 152 intotissue stacking lumen 210. The proximal end of tissue stackingvacuum lumen 214 can be detachably connected to vacuumsource 36 through alateral attachment port 216. - As shown in greater detail in
FIG. 17 , a plurality ofsmall holes 220 can be provided in the center wall divider oftube 206 betweenlumen 214 andlumen 210 to provide flow communication between the lumens.Holes 220 enable vacuum fromsource 36 to be communicated fromlumen 214 intolumen 210, to provide vacuum inlumen 104 ofcutter 100.Holes 220 are preferably spaced along the longitudinal axis oftube 206 and separated by a distance in the range of 0.1 to 4 centimeters.Holes 220 may be oriented at an angle relative to the longitudinal axis oftube 206. The angle inholes 220 can function as a mechanical diode, in that the edge of theholes 220 opening intolumen 210 can aid in preventing motion of tissue samples in a distal direction, while permitting tissue samples to move proximally inlumen 210 under vacuum force provided byvacuum source 36. A tissue sample will continue to slide proximally through thelumen 210 until the sample contacts either the tissue stop within thetissue retrieval mechanism 260 or a preceding tissue sample. - Vacuum holes 220 may be formed between
lumens tube 206 with the sharpened tip of a drill or other appropriate instrument. The tip of the drill bit or other boring instrument can be directed to pass throughvacuum lumen 214 to penetrate the center wall oftube 206 that separates the two lumens. As shown inFIG. 14 , anouter sleeve 228 is securely attached to the surface oftube 206 following the formation of vacuum communication holes 220.Outer sleeve 228 may be attached totube 206 by an adhesive or other appropriate type of attachment mechanism.Outer sleeve 228 is attached to sampletube 206 over the openings used to form vacuum communication holes 220 to seal the openings, and prevent vacuum from passing out ofvacuum lumen 214 through the openings. The distal end ofouter sleeve 228 can be formed to extend beyond the distal end ofvacuum lumen 214 to connect withupper connector 192.Vacuum lumen 214 attaches to probeassembly 32 through the connection betweenouter sleeve 228 andupper connector 192. - As
tissue samples 204 are stored inlumen 210, the stack ofsamples 204 will grow in length distally inlumen 210. Thesamples 204 will tend to block or otherwise restrict flow communication throughvacuum holes 220 as the stack of samples extends distally inlumen 210. InFIG. 16 , a translatingflexible rod 230 is shown disposed at least partially inlumen 214.Rod 230 can extend axially throughlumen 214 to selectively cover or otherwise block at least some of the vacuum holes 220.Rod 230 can then be manipulated, such as by axial movement ofrod 230, to selectively exposevacuum holes 220 in the vacuum lumen. For instance, during each cutting cycle,rod 230 can be advanced distally withinvacuum lumen 214 to expose or otherwise unblock/open additional vacuum holes 220 as additional samples are stored inlumen 210. The movement ofrod 230 maintains a predetermined number of vacuum holes 220 open to provide flow communication betweenlumens lumen 210. This can aid in providing a consistent vacuum force incutter lumen 104 throughout multiple cutting cycles. Initially,flexible rod 230 can be inserted withinlumen 214 such thatrod 230 is axially offset withinlumen 214 so as to cover or otherwise block most, but not all, of theholes 220. For instance, prior to storing any samples inlumen 214,rod 230 can be offset distally within vacuum lumen 214 a distance that is slightly longer than the length oftissue receiving port 86. Offsettingrod 230 distally withinlumen 210 ensures an initial set ofholes 220 are exposed to communicateaxial vacuum force 180 totissue receiving port 86 whencutter 100 is in the fully proximal position prior to tissue sampling. The axial vacuum force communicated through the exposedholes 220 aids in prolapsing tissue into receivingport 86 prior to cutting, as well as pulling the tissue sample proximally intotissue lumen 210 after cutting. As a tissue sample is drawn into and stacked withintissue lumen 210, the tissue sample blocks the previously exposed vacuum holes 220, preventing vacuum from passing into the tissue lumen.Rod 230 can be selectively moved a predetermined distance distally that is slightly longer than the length oftissue receiving port 86 to expose additional vacuum holes 220 immediately distal of the most recently acquired tissue sample.Rod 230 can be adapted to be automatically advanced distally by the translation ofdrive carriage 134 withinprobe assembly 32, as described further below. The newly exposedvacuum holes 220 continue the communication ofvacuum force 180 intotissue lumen 210 for the next cutting cycle. -
Rod 230 can be formed of a fluoropolymer resin material such as Teflon® or other suitable flexible material having a low coefficient of friction.Rod 230 can be sized and shaped to conform closely to the inner diameter ofvacuum lumen 214. The close fit betweenrod 230 andvacuum lumen 214, as well as the low friction properties of the rod, enable the rod to translate easily within the vacuum lumen without any loss of vacuum force through the distal end of the lumen. - The
distal end 231 ofrod 230 extends outside ofvacuum lumen 214 through anopening 234 inouter sleeve 228. Asrod 230 is advanced distally, the rod moves further out ofvacuum lumen 214 throughopening 234. The flexibility ofrod 230 allows the rod to flex out of opening 234 inouter sleeve 228 as the rod is continually advanced distally, enabling substantially the entire rod to be translated out ofvacuum lumen 214 over the course of multiple cutting cycles. As shown in greater detail inFIG. 18 ,rod 230 can include a plurality of side ratchetteeth 232 spaced longitudinally substantially along the length of the rod.Teeth 232 provide a mechanism to grip andadvance rod 230 throughvacuum lumen 214.Rod 230 can also include a plurality ofbottom ratchet teeth 238. -
Rod 230 can be advanced distally withinvacuum lumen 214 by the interaction betweenteeth 232 and a pawl-type latching mechanism 240 on a reciprocatingmember 242, which is shown in greater detail inFIG. 19 . Reciprocatingmember 242 can be supported onlower connector 198 and reciprocates ascutter 100 is advanced and retracted. Reciprocatingmember 242 can have a bifurcated proximal end with proximally extendingportions 243 separated by anaxially extending slot 244. A rampedsurface 246 can be formed betweenportions 243 at a distal end ofslot 244. Rampedsurface 246 can serve to deflect thedistal end 231 ofrod 230 throughopening 234 and alongside the outer surface oftube 206 as the rod is ratcheted out ofvacuum lumen 214.Unidirectional engagement pawls 250 can be formed to extend from the sides ofportions 243 facingslot 244 to engage side ratchetteeth 232 onrod 230 as the rod extends through the groove. The engagement betweenpawls 250 and ratchetteeth 232advances rod 230 distally throughvacuum lumen 214. - The distal end of reciprocating
member 242 can be fixed tolower connector 198 for translation along with thelower connector 198,carriage 134, andcutter 100 during each cutting cycle. Asdrive carriage 134 advances distally at the beginning of a cutting cycle to movecutter 100 into receivingport 86, reciprocatingmember 242 also advances distally. As reciprocatingmember 242 advances,pawls 250 ingroove 244 engageside teeth 232 onrod 230 inlumen 214 to pull the rod distally with the reciprocating member. Asrod 230 moves distally withinlumen 214, additional vacuum holes 220 are exposed. As the direction ofcarriage 134 reverses, andcutter 100 retracts from receivingport 86, reciprocatingmember 242 moves in a proximal direction relative to the fixedvacuum lumen 214. As reciprocatingmember 242 retracts proximally, unidirectional bottom ratchetteeth 238 located on the bottom side offlexible rod 230 engagevacuum holes 220 withinvacuum lumen 214 as shown inFIG. 17 . The engagement between the ratchet teeth and holes 220 preventsrod 230 from moving proximally withinvacuum lumen 214. Aspawls 250 move proximally relative torod 230, the pawls engage the next proximal set ofratchet teeth 232 onrod 230. This engagement with the next set ofratchet teeth 232 causesrod 230 to again advance distally whendrive carriage 134 advances distally during the next cutting cycle to expose additional vacuum communication holes 220. In the event that the carriage and cutter assembly is advanced and retracted without theprobe assembly 32 in tissue, resulting in theflexible rod 230 advanced too far distally relative to thetissue samples 204; theflexible rod 230 can be rotated a fraction of a turn about its longitudinal axis to disengage ratchetteeth flexible rod 230 to be repositioned proximally within thevacuum lumen 214. - In an alternative embodiment not shown,
flexible rod 230 could be advanced distally withinvacuum lumen 214 asdrive carriage 134 is retracted proximally following the cutting of tissue. In this embodiment, a reversing mechanism such as, for example, a cable extending 180° degrees around a pulley, could be utilized so that as the drive carriage retracts the cable pulls the flexible rod distally. - As shown in
FIG. 19 ,lower connector 198 includes an axially-extendingbore 252 for connecting the tissue lumen portion ofsample tube 206 torear tube 152. Whenserial tissue assembly 190 is connected to probeassembly 32 bylower connector 198,tissue lumen 210, bore 252, andrear tube lumen 156 are aligned generally coaxially to provide an unobstructed passageway for the aspiration of tissue samples fromcutter 110 andrear tube 152 tolumen 210. -
FIG. 20 illustrates ingreater detail connectors lumens FIG. 20 ,vacuum lumen 214 can be attached to fixedupper connector 192 byouter sleeve 228.Vacuum lumen 214 thus remains fixed in position withinserial tissue assembly 190 throughout the cutting cycle.Tissue lumen 210 extends distally intobore 252 oflower connector 198. At least a distal portion oftissue lumen 210 will translate along withlower connector 198 and drivecarriage 134 during each cutting cycle. Asdrive carriage 134 andlower connector 198 translates proximally, adistal portion 211 of the sample tube including the distal portion oftissue lumen 210 flexes or otherwise deforms downward, enabling the distal end of the tissue lumen to translate along withlower connector 198 and reciprocatingmember 242, whilevacuum lumen 214 remains fixed in position byouter sleeve 228. - As shown in
FIGS. 14 and 16 atissue retrieval mechanism 260 may be located at the proximal end ofserial tissue assembly 190 for removing samples from the assembly in real-time following each cutting cycle.Tissue retrieval mechanism 260 can be is positioned in relation to sampletube 206 just distal of tissue stop 212 (FIG. 23 ). As shown in greater detail inFIGS. 21, 22 , and 23,tissue retrieval mechanism 260 includes a retractableouter sleeve 262.Outer sleeve 262 is pneumatically sealed by o-rings 263 to maintain vacuum withinsample tube 206 during the cutting cycle. To remove a tissue sample fromtube 206 following a cutting cycle,outer sleeve 262 is manually rotated or translated out of position using pull-tab 270 to expose the tissue sample intissue lumen 210. Atissue retrieval window 264 can be formed intissue lumen 210 beneathouter sleeve 262 to provide access to the tissue sample in the lumen once the outer sleeve is retracted. Anair inlet 265 can be located distal oftissue retrieval window 264 to apply air pressure to the distal face of thetissue sample 204 in the window, to prevent distal movement of the sample whenouter sleeve 262 is retracted due to a pressure imbalance ontissue sample 204. Alower cylinder 266 onretractable sleeve 262 can house areturn spring 258 for biasing the sleeve into the closed, sealed position. Each end of thespring 258 is secured to theretrieval mechanism 260 withpins 224. The proximal end oftissue retrieval assembly 260 can include avacuum attachment 268 for providing vacuum totissue lumen 210, such as fromvacuum source 36.Vacuum attachment port 216 can also be provided to extend throughretrieval mechanism 260 to provide vacuum tolumen 214, such as fromvacuum source 36. At the end of a procedure,tissue retrieval assembly 260 may be disconnected fromsample tube 206 so that tissue samples may be retrieved from the tube, as will be described in further detail below. - As an alternative or in combination with real-time sample retrieval through
tissue retrieval assembly 260, tissue samples may be retrieved at the end of a procedure by disconnectingsample tube 206 fromprobe assembly 32 and removingtissue retrieval assembly 260 from the proximal end oftissue lumen 210. Aftersample tube 206 is disconnected, a sample releasing mechanism such as, for example, the flexible rod such as plunger-like component 278 shown inFIG. 24 , may be inserted in one end oftissue lumen 210 and advanced there through to extract the samples from the opposite end of the lumen as shown inFIG. 25 . Alternatively, the tissue sample tube may be formed such thatvacuum lumen 214 is separable fromtissue lumen 210 at the conclusion of the procedure to allow access to the tissue samples stacked within the tissue lumen. -
FIGS. 26 a-26 c illustrate one embodiment for a separable sample storage tube in which adual lumen tube 280 is extruded with weakened sides along the exterior oftissue lumen 210, as indicated byreference numeral 282, so that a portion of thelumen 210 is separable, such as by peeling, to expose tissue samples. When opposite forces are applied tolumens weak points 282, with the upper portion oftissue lumen 210 separating withvacuum lumen 214 as shown inFIG. 26 b. The remaining, lower portion oftissue lumen 210 will form an open U-channel containing the stacked tissue samples (U-channel shown inFIG. 26 c). The samples may be removed from the openedtissue lumen 210 using a forceps or other instrument. - As an alternative to extruding the sample tube with weakened side points 282, tissue and
vacuum lumens dual lumen tube 284, an example of which is shown inFIG. 27 a. In this embodiment,vacuum lumen 214 is extruded to include the upper portion oftissue lumen 210 so thattissue lumen 210 forms an open U-channel. The tissue andvacuum lumens upper edges 286 of the U-channel by an adhesive or other type of fastening mechanism. To access the tissue samples, opposite forces are applied totube 284 to break the adhesive bond or other fastening means and peelvacuum lumen 214 away fromtissue lumen 210, as shown inFIG. 27 b. The samples may then be removed from the open tissue lumen. - In yet another embodiment for a separable sample storage tube, shown in
FIG. 28 , adual lumen tube 290 is formed by joining separately extruded vacuum andtissue lumens vacuum lumen 214 is formed as a closed piece having at least one pair of laterally extendingteeth 292.Tissue lumen 210 is formed as an open U-shaped channel having a corresponding number of pairs of laterally extendingnotches 294 along the inner surfaces of the channel.Teeth 292 are shaped to engagenotches 294 to form amechanical latch 296 that locksvacuum lumen 214 andtissue lumen 210 together to form the sample tube. Pullingvacuum lumen 214 in an opposite direction away fromtissue lumen 210 will disengageteeth 292 fromnotches 294, thereby opening the top of the tissue lumen to remove tissue samples.Mechanical latch 296 may be used in combination with an adhesive or other attachment mechanism to lock the vacuum and tissue lumens together. -
FIGS. 29 and 30 illustrate an alternative embodiment for serialtissue stacking assembly 190 wheresample storage tube 206 is replaced with a separable sample storage tube shown inFIGS. 26-28 . In addition, thetissue retrieval mechanism 260 is replaced with a tissuelumen peel tab 272. A tissue stop feature is located inlumen peel tab 272 at the proximal end oftissue lumen 210. Atubing connector 274 connects the proximal end ofvacuum lumen 214 to an axial vacuum line, such as avacuum line 42 communicating withvacuum source 36. In this embodiment, tissue samples are stacked distally from the tissue stop. Thetissue samples 204 can be removed real time by peeling the tissue lumen from thevacuum lumen 214. Alternately, the tissue samples can be removed at the conclusion of the procedure. -
FIGS. 31 a-31 d illustrate the advanced and retracted positions oflower connector 198,tissue lumen 210 androd 230 for the initial two cutting cycles of a biopsy procedure. As shown inFIG. 31 a, whencutter 100 is advanced to a fully distal position, i.e. completely throughtissue receiving port 86,tissue lumen 210 is advanced fully distal as well, with the tissue lumen substantially parallel toouter sleeve 228. Ascutter 100 retracts fromtissue receiving port 86 following tissue cutting,tissue lumen 210 retracts withdrive carriage 134 to a proximal position, as shown inFIG. 31 b. In this position, the a distallength tissue lumen 210 extends downward, such as by flexing, away fromouter sleeve 228. Reciprocatingmember 242 also retracts and grips the next set ofratchet teeth 232 onrod 230. During the next cutting cycle, shown inFIG. 31 c,cutter 100 is again fully advanced bydrive carriage 134 andlower connector 198 again pullstissue lumen 210 distally. Aslower connector 198 is pulled distally,engagement pawls 250 pull on ratchetteeth 232 ofrod 230 to advance the rod throughvacuum lumen 214 and outopening 234. At the conclusion of the second cutting cycle,tissue lumen 210 is again retracted proximally as shown inFIG. 31 d. -
FIG. 32 illustrates an alternative embodiment fortissue storage assembly 52, in which the storage assembly comprises a paralleltissue stacking assembly 300. In paralleltissue stacking assembly 300, tissue samples are stored one beside the next in a tissue storage component and removed at the end of the procedure. As shown inFIGS. 32 and 33 , parallel stackingassembly 300 comprises atissue storage component 302 containing a series of side-by-side lumens 304. Each of thelumens 304 is slightly longer than the length oftissue receiving port 86 for storing tissue samples aspirated from the receiving port.Component 302 may be comprised of a clear plastic material to allow visual inspection of the tissues samples stored therein. An integrated knock-out pin 306, (FIG. 34 ), can be provided at the proximal end of eachtissue lumen 304 to prevent tissue samples from translating completely through the lumen and intovacuum system 36, while providing vacuum to be communicated to a lumen (eg. eachknockout pin 306 can include a small central opening large enough to provide flow communication for providing vacuum tolumen 304, but small enough to not allow a tissue sample to pass out the distal end oflumen 304.) - Returning to
FIGS. 32 and 33 , atissue tube 308 having atissue lumen 310 therein, extends distal ofcomponent 302 to connect withtube 152 inprobe 32.Tubes lumen 104 ofcutter 100 to alumen 304 incomponent 302. An O-ring seal 312, shown inFIG. 35 , can be provided at the proximal end oftissue tube 308 to seal the passageway betweentissue lumen 310 and thelumen 304 aligned withtube 308. Sample andtissue tubes FIGS. 15 a and 15 b. Afirst vacuum port 314 can be located on the proximal side ofcomponent 302 to provide vacuum totissue lumen 310 through thelumen 304 aligned withtube 308. A secondlateral vacuum port 316 can be employed to provide vacuum totissue lumen 310 at a position distal ofcomponent 302. Each ofvacuum ports source 36 through anaxial vacuum line 42 to provide vacuum for drawing tissue proximally inlumen 104 ofcutter 100.Lateral vacuum port 316 can be attached to avacuum chamber 320 that surroundstissue tube 308.Tissue tube 308 can include a plurality of spaced holes withinvacuum chamber 320 for communicating vacuum between the chamber andtube lumen 310.Lateral vacuum port 316 andchamber 320 provide additional vacuum for aiding in the proximal movement of a tissue sample (such as in the case where a tissue sample fragments into multiple pieces during sampling). - After a tissue sample is stored in a
lumen 304,component 302 can be indexed laterally to axially align the next adjacent lumen withtissue lumen 310. As shown inFIG. 33 , acam member 322 is provided forindexing component 302.Cam member 322 is located in ahousing 324 that extends beneathcomponent 302.Cam member 322 is operatively connected to drivecarriage 134 inprobe assembly 32 to translate distally and proximally with the drive carriage during each cutting cycle.Cam member 322 is attached to drivecarriage 134 by amechanical cable 326 that extends distally through anend cap 330.Cable 326 is attached to drivecarriage 134 and pullscam member 322 distally as thedrive carriage 134 moves distally. Ascam member 322 moves, acamming surface 332 on the cam member interacts with bosses 334 (shown inFIG. 34 ) on the under surface ofcomponent 302 toindex component 302.Camming surface 332 can comprise an angled, flexible strip of material that is deflected bybosses 334. As shown inFIG. 36 a,camming surface 332 is in a non-deflected position between two bosses, identified byphantom bosses cam member 322 is in a proximal-most position prior to a cutting cycle. Ascam member 322 advances distally at the beginning of a cutting cycle,camming surface 332 is deflected out of position by the contact betweenboss 336 and a first side of the camming surface. Ascam member 322 continues to advance distally,boss 336 deflectscamming surface 332 to a point at which the boss passes through an opening created between the cam surface and astop block 340, as shown inFIG. 36 b. Afterboss 336 passes through the opening created by the deflecting camming surface, the camming surface springs back into a non-deflected position in contact withstop block 340. - When
drive carriage 134 begins to retract following the cutting of tissue, areturn spring 224 within the distal end ofhousing 324 pushescam member 322 proximally within the housing. Ascam member 322 retracts proximally, the opposite side ofcamming surface 332contacts boss 336. Ascam member 322 continues to retract, the angle incamming surface 332 causesboss 336 to be pushed laterally, as shown inFIG. 36 c. Asboss 336 is pushed laterally,component 302 is indexed laterally relative totissue tube 308, thereby positioning the nextadjacent lumen 304 to receive the next tissue sample throughtube 308. As shown inFIGS. 32 and 33 ,component 302 is positioned betweencam member housing 324 and adetent arm 342.Detent arm 342 extends distally across the upper surface ofcomponent 302. Ascomponent 302 is indexed laterally by the interaction ofcamming surface 332 andboss 336,detent arm 342 engages one of a series ofindexing detents 344.Indexing detents 344 lock the nextactive lumen 304 into alignment withlumen 310 following each indexing action. The plurality ofbosses 334 andindexing detents 344 enablecomponent 302 to be repetitively indexed to store a plurality of tissue samples during a biopsy procedure. At the conclusion of a biopsy procedure,component 302 may be removed from betweenhousing 324 anddetent arm 342, and the tissue samples removed from theindividual tissue lumens 304. The top surface ofcomponent 302 can include a cover or other removable portion to allow each sample to be easily removed from thelumens 304. -
FIG. 37 is an exploded isometric view of anexemplary drive assembly 350 forholster 34. In the assembly shown inFIG. 37 , the translation and rotation drive trains (for providing rotation and translation of cutter 100) are driven by a single rotatable cable 55 (also shown inFIG. 1 ) that extends betweenholster 34 and a remotely located motor, such as a motor incontrol module 46. A single drive cable is capable of rotating both drive trains due to the reduced cutter stroke of the present invention. The reduced cutter stroke enables the size ofhandpiece 30, as well as the load on the drive motor, to be reduced relative to previous biopsy devices. Poweringhandpiece 30 through a single rotatable cable enables the handpiece to be utilized in MRI guided procedures since ferromagnetic motor components are separated from the handpiece. The handpiece can also be used in mammography and ultrasound guided procedures. Accordingly, a common probe assembly and handpiece can be utilized for multiple imaging environments. For an MRI guided procedure, the length of the rotatable cable may be increased to accommodate use near or within an MRI bore. - In the embodiment shown in
FIG. 37 ,rotatable cable 55 attaches to a drivecable input coupling 352 for providing rotational drive to holster 34. Adrive shaft 354 frominput coupling 352 extends to aproximal housing 356. Withinproximal housing 356, aninput gear 360 is mounted oninput drive shaft 354 betweenspacer 362 and bearing 389 so as to engage corresponding gears on atranslation drive shaft 364 and arotation drive shaft 366. The interaction of theinput gear 360 with translation shaft gear 370 androtation shaft gear 372 transmits the rotational drive to translation and rotation driveshafts shafts proximal housing 356 through a pair of bores in acenter housing 374. Translation and rotation gears 370, 372 are spaced between the proximal and center housings bybearings 376. - Distal of
center housing 374,holster 34 includes arotary encoder 380 for providing a feedback signal to controlmodule 46 regarding rotation of the drive shafts.Encoder 380 may be mounted on either the translation or the rotation drive shafts.Holster 34 also includes an optionalplanetary gearbox 382 ontranslation drive shaft 364.Gearbox 382 provides a gear reduction between the translation and rotation drive trains to produce differing speeds for the translation ofdrive carriage 134 and the rotation ofcutter 104. Distal ofgearbox 382 andencoder 380,drive assembly 350 includes ahousing 384.Housing 384 includes connections for coupling the translation drive train with translationdrive input shaft 386, and the rotational drive train with rotarydrive input shaft 388. Each of thedrive input shafts probe assembly 32. In particular, translationdrive input shaft 386 is shaped to engage slot 128 of translation shaft 142 (shown inFIG. 4 ), and rotarydrive input shaft 388 is shaped to engageslot 132 ofrotary drive shaft 114. As mentioned above with respect toFIG. 6 , the drive input shafts may have molded interfaces, rather than the mating slots and tips shown inFIGS. 4 and 37 , to reduce the coupling length between the shafts. Translation androtary drive shafts housing 384 for engagement with drive andtranslation shafts probe assembly 32 andholster 34 are connected. - The embodiment shown in
FIG. 37 comprises a single drive cable input for operatively driving the translation and rotation shafts. In an alternative embodiment, a single motor mounted in theholster 34 can replacerotatable cable 55. The single motor drives both the translation and rotation shafts through a suitable gearing assembly. The motor may be mounted above or proximal to the drive assembly. Another embodiment replaces the single motor with two motors. One motor would drive the translation drive input shaft and the other would drive the rotary drive input shaft. - In the embodiments described, the cutting stroke length for the
cutter 100 is reduced to slightly longer than the length oftissue receiving port 86. This stroke reduction is possible in part because tissue samples are aspirated through the cutter lumen, rather than being pulled proximally through the needle by a retracting cutter. Reducing the cutting stroke length has a number of benefits. One of the benefits of a reduced cutting stroke length is that the overall size and weight of the probe assembly may be reduced, thereby enabling the biopsy device to be used in imaging environments where size has traditionally been a limitation. In particular, the reduced size of the probe assembly enables an essentially common probe assembly to be used in both open and closed bore MRI guided procedures, as well as in mammography and ultrasound procedures, with minor adjustments. A common cable driven holster may also be used in each of the imaging modalities, with the alternative, single or double motor embodiments useable in both the mammography and ultrasound guided procedures. In addition, a common control module can be used to control the handpiece in any of the three imaging environments. The probe assembly may be adapted for use in an MRI guided procedure by utilizing a needle and cutter subassembly that is comprised of a non-ferromagnetic material, such as a plastic or ceramic, in order to reduce image artifacts. In addition, the cutter assembly may be removed from the probe, as described above with respect toFIGS. 7 and 8 , for MRI imaging prior to initiation of a cutting cycle. Alternately, the distal end of the cutter may be simply retracted proximally from the tissue receiving port area during imaging. - To accommodate each of the different imaging modalities, reusable handpiece base units specific to each of the imaging environments may be utilized. Each of the handpiece base units may be used for firing and/or rotating the needle aperture, depending upon the operator's needs and the constrictions of the particular imaging environment. Each of the base units is designed to accommodate the probe assembly to enable the same probe to be used across imaging modalities.
-
FIG. 38 a illustrates abase 420 for use withprobe assembly 32 in a mammography guided procedure.Base 420 may be attached to the stereotactic arm of a mammography machine by a mountingfeature 422. A recessednest area 424 is provided inbase 420 for accommodating the probe lower shell. Probeassembly 32 may be lodged innest 424 prior to the initiation of a procedure. Afiring button 426 is included inbase 420 for firing the needle of the probe assembly into the tissue mass of interest. Aknob 430 on the side ofbase unit 420 compresses a firing spring within the unit. Whenbutton 426 is compressed, the spring pushes againstprobe assembly 32 to forcibly drive the entire probe assembly andnest 424 forward relative to the mountingfeature 422. - An
aperture rotation gear 432 is also provided in the recessed area ofbase 420 for rotating the tissue receiving port of the probe assembly after the needle is positioned within the tissue mass.Aperture rotation gear 432 includes a plurality ofgear teeth 434.Gear teeth 434 project partially above the recessed surface area to engage similar shaped teeth on a second gear integral to the needle support component withinprobe assembly 32. Teeth on the second, needle gear are recessed within the probe shell, but accessible byaperture rotation gear 432 when the probe is lodged innest 424. Aknob 436 is provided on the proximal end ofbase 420 for manually rotatinggear 432. Whengear 432 rotates, the engagement between the gears causes the needle to rotate, thereby repositioning the tissue receiving port within the tissue mass. Probeassembly 32 can include flexible engagement fingers that lock the needle gear and prevent the gear from rotating outside ofnest 424. Whenprobe assembly 32 is inserted intonest 424, the flexible fingers are deflected so as to disengage from the needle gear, and allow the gear to rotate in response to the rotation ofbase gear 432.FIG. 38 b illustrates theprobe assembly 32 lodged innest 424. -
FIG. 39 illustrates a similar type of probe base unit for use in an ultrasound imaging environment. As shown inFIG. 39 , thebase unit 440 includes anest 442 for accommodating the lower shell ofprobe assembly 32. Aknob 444 is provided for compressing a firing spring withinbase 440, as well as abutton 446 for releasing the spring to “fire” the probe assembly andnest 424 into a tissue mass. In the ultrasound environment,base 440 may be hand-held and manipulated as required by the operator. Accordingly, a needle rotation mechanism is not necessary forbase 440, since the operator may rotate the needle by manually rotating the base and/or probe assembly. - As shown in
FIG. 40 , a third type ofprobe base 450 is provided for use in MRI guided procedures.Base 450 may be mounted to a localization unit within the MRI unit. The reduced size of the probe assembly in the present invention reduces the structural requirements for the localization unit due to the reduced cantilever loading generated by the probe.MRI base 450 includes a recessednest 452 for accommodating the lower probe shell. In addition, the base includes anaperture rotation gear 454 having a plurality of gear teeth that engage similar shaped teeth that extend from the probe lower shell. The gear in the lower probe shell is attached to the needle to rotate the needle whenevergear 454 is rotated, in a manner similar to the mammography nest embodiment shown inFIG. 38 . Anaperture rotation knob 456 is located on the proximal end ofbase 450 to manually rotategear 454 and, correspondingly, the tissue receiving aperture in the needle.Base 450 does not require a firing mechanism for positioning the needle within the tissue. However, multiple needle lengths may be used with the probe assembly to enable the probe assembly to more easily fit within the MRI unit. The particular needle length selected will depend upon the depth of the tissue mass of interest within the patient's body. - As an alternative to the use of
MRI base 450, an MRIlocalization depth gage 460, such as shown inFIG. 41 , may be used for positioning the probe assembly. In this embodiment, adepth stop 462 is attached to the probe assembly and/or theneedle 80. The depth stop includes anadjustment knob 464 for adjusting the desired depth of the probe needle. After the needle is properly positioned, the probe is inserted into the patient's tissue until the stop is reached. The patient may then be placed in the MRI device and imaged without additional support for the probe assembly. After the needle position within the tissue is confirmed, the holster is attached to the probe assembly to begin tissue sampling. - While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described herein, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that such embodiments are provided by way of example only. Numerous variations, changes, and substitutions will now occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the appended claims. Additionally, each element described in relation to the invention can be alternatively described as a means for performing that element's function.
Claims (14)
Priority Applications (16)
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US11/753,952 US7758515B2 (en) | 2004-09-29 | 2007-05-25 | Biopsy device with integral vacuum assist and tissue sample and fluid capturing canister |
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US15/266,500 US9757100B2 (en) | 2004-09-29 | 2016-09-15 | Biopsy device with integral vacuum assist and tissue sample and fluid capturing canister |
US15/674,139 US20170367687A1 (en) | 2004-09-29 | 2017-08-10 | Biopsy device with integral vacuum assist and tissue sample and fluid capturing canister |
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US11/753,952 Continuation US7758515B2 (en) | 2004-09-29 | 2007-05-25 | Biopsy device with integral vacuum assist and tissue sample and fluid capturing canister |
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US11/753,665 Expired - Fee Related US7753857B2 (en) | 2004-09-29 | 2007-05-25 | Tissue sample serial capturing biopsy device |
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US15/674,139 Abandoned US20170367687A1 (en) | 2004-09-29 | 2017-08-10 | Biopsy device with integral vacuum assist and tissue sample and fluid capturing canister |
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Also Published As
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US20100228146A1 (en) | 2010-09-09 |
US9757100B2 (en) | 2017-09-12 |
EP1642533B1 (en) | 2007-11-28 |
US20170000468A1 (en) | 2017-01-05 |
JP2006095312A (en) | 2006-04-13 |
US20070255174A1 (en) | 2007-11-01 |
EP1642533A1 (en) | 2006-04-05 |
US9468425B2 (en) | 2016-10-18 |
US20070255173A1 (en) | 2007-11-01 |
CA2521527A1 (en) | 2006-03-29 |
US20170367687A1 (en) | 2017-12-28 |
US7758515B2 (en) | 2010-07-20 |
AU2005204322A1 (en) | 2006-04-13 |
BRPI0504208A (en) | 2006-05-09 |
CN1754512A (en) | 2006-04-05 |
US8956306B2 (en) | 2015-02-17 |
US9265485B2 (en) | 2016-02-23 |
DE602005003526D1 (en) | 2008-01-10 |
HK1088199A1 (en) | 2006-11-03 |
US20140171823A1 (en) | 2014-06-19 |
DE602005003526T2 (en) | 2008-10-23 |
US20160120520A1 (en) | 2016-05-05 |
US7753857B2 (en) | 2010-07-13 |
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