US20060084021A1 - Wick holder - Google Patents
Wick holder Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20060084021A1 US20060084021A1 US11/291,280 US29128005A US2006084021A1 US 20060084021 A1 US20060084021 A1 US 20060084021A1 US 29128005 A US29128005 A US 29128005A US 2006084021 A1 US2006084021 A1 US 2006084021A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- wick
- base portion
- capillary
- holder
- fuel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D3/00—Burners using capillary action
- F23D3/02—Wick burners
- F23D3/18—Details of wick burners
- F23D3/24—Carriers for wicks
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a wick holder for holding a wick in a candle assembly.
- a wick holder for holding a wick in a predetermined position within a wax fuel charge or within a liquid fuel charge of a candle, a lamp, or other similar open flame lighting device.
- a wick holder is spool-shaped and has a tubular barrel and radial heat fins extending transversely from opposite ends of the barrel.
- the barrel has open top and bottom ends and a wick disposed through the top end.
- the wick and wick holder assembly are disposed within a wax fuel charge, such that one set of heat fins is disposed at a bottom end of the fuel charge and the other set of heat fins is disposed near a top end of the fuel charge with the wick extending upwardly through the top end of the fuel charge.
- the wick holder is formed of heat transmissive material, such as metal, and the wick has a heat transmissive core so that heat from a flame on the wick is transferred downwardly through the core to the wick holder so as to melt the wax as the flame burns. Holes through the sidewall of the barrel disposed between the fins allow melted wax to flow from outside the barrel into the wick and subsequently up to the flame.
- a wick holder in one aspect of the invention, includes a base portion defining a cavity on a first side thereof, a wick retainer disposed on a second side of the base portion opposite the first side, an opening through the base portion between the first side and the second side, and a fuel aperture disposed on the second side of the base portion.
- the fuel aperture is adjacent to the base portion, and the fuel aperture is spaced from the opening.
- a wick holder in another aspect of the invention, includes a base portion adapted to form a capillary space above a capillary pedestal and a wick receiver disposed above the base portion and adapted to retain a wick.
- An opening through the base portion is adapted to provide fluid communication between the capillary space and a top side of the base portion.
- a fuel aperture is defined at least partly by the wick receiver. The fuel aperture is disposed above and adjacent to the base portion spaced from the opening.
- the fuel aperture is adapted to be in fluid communication with the capillary space, and the wick holder is adapted to hold a portion of the wick above a pool of liquefied fuel surrounding the capillary pedestal.
- a wick assembly in yet another aspect of the invention, includes a wick and a wick holder.
- the wick holder includes a base portion, a heat fin extending upwardly from a top side of the base portion, and a wick receiver disposed above the top side of the base portion.
- the wick is carried by the wick receiver with the wick disposed above the base portion.
- a fluid path is defined through the base portion. The fluid path extends between a supply area of liquefied fuel below the base portion and the top side of the base portion.
- a second fluid path extends from the wick and is disposed above the base portion. The first fluid path is spaced from the second fluid path, and the first fluid path and the second fluid path provide fluid communication between the supply area and the wick.
- FIG. 1 is an exploded isometric view of a candle assembly according to one aspect of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged isometric view of a wick holder shown in FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a fuel element along the line 3 - 3 of FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view generally transverse to line 3 - 3 of FIG. 1 with the candle assembly in assembled form;
- FIG. 5 is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view along the line 5 - 5 of FIG. 4 ;
- FIG. 6 is an enlarged isometric view of a wick holder and a portion of a melting plate according to another aspect of the invention.
- FIG. 7 is an isometric view of still another wick holder according to the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the wick holder shown in FIG. 7 in a similar view as shown in FIG. 5 ;
- FIG. 9 is a simplified partial cross-sectional view of a melting plate candle showing a capillary pedestal and locking wick holder with fins according to a further aspect of the invention.
- FIG. 10 is an isometric view of a wick holder according to yet another aspect of the invention.
- a candle assembly 100 includes a support base 102 , a melting plate 104 , a wick holder 106 , a wick 108 , and a fuel element 110 .
- the support base 102 carries the melting plate 104 , which is generally saucer shaped, and includes a centrally disposed capillary pedestal 112 .
- Optional decorative etchings 114 are disposed on an upper exposed surface of the melting plate 104 to provide enhanced attractiveness or visual information.
- the wick holder 106 includes a base portion 116 that fits over the capillary pedestal 112 , a wick retainer sleeve in the shape of an elongate cylindrical tube, or barrel 118 , and heat conductive elements, such as fins 120 .
- the barrel 118 receives the wick 108 therein such that the wick extends from the base portion 116 with a portion of the wick exposed above the barrel.
- the fuel element 110 is disposed over and around the wick holder 106 and includes a duct or slot 122 through which the wick 108 extends.
- the slot 122 has a width w 1 sufficient to allow the wick 108 to extend through the slot and a length l 1 sufficient to accept at least a portion of the fins 120 therethrough.
- the fuel element 110 has a mass of wax approximately 15 grams, and the melting plate candle 100 may burn continuously for about 3 to 31 ⁇ 2 hours on a single fuel element, such as the wax fuel element 110 , before the fuel is completely consumed.
- the base portion 116 of the wick holder 106 includes an end plate 124 encompassed by a generally conical base skirt 126 , and an upper portion including the barrel 118 extending upwardly from the end plate 124 and the fins 120 extending from the barrel and end plate.
- the base portion 116 is adapted to fit closely over and around the capillary pedestal 112 such that the barrel 118 is maintained in an upright, or substantially vertical, orientation when placed on the capillary pedestal.
- the base skirt 126 includes indentations or spacers 128 , and holes 130 extend through the end plate 124 . Ferromagnetic structures, such as steel rivets 132 or magnets 180 (shown in FIG.
- the barrel 118 is sized to receive the wick 108 with either a close fit or interference fit so as to retain the wick therein and define an opening 134 in the end plate 124 such that the wick can extend through the end plate.
- the fins 120 extend laterally outwardly on opposite sides of the barrel 118 and extend upwardly above the barrel. In one embodiment, the fins 120 are shaped to simulate a flame outline.
- the fins 120 may have square, circular, oval, triangular, or other non-geometric shapes, and in still other embodiments, the fins 120 may have insulated areas (not shown) as described more fully in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/939,039, filed Sep. 10, 2004, and incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
- the fins 120 are relatively thin strips of heat conductive material, such as metal, for transmitting heat from a flame burning on the wick 108 outwardly toward the fuel element 110 .
- the wick holder 106 is formed from a single sheet of aluminum that is cut and folded about a fold 136 and thereby forming a capillary space 138 between two sides 140 and 142 and channels or gaps 144 in the base skirt 126 .
- the wick holder 106 may be formed by other methods from other heat resistant materials, such as ceramic, other metals, heat resistant plastics, etc. If the wick holder 106 is formed of a ferromagnetic material, such as steel, the steel rivets 132 may optionally be omitted.
- the two sides 140 and 142 are secured together by any convenient means, such as with rivets 146 through holes 148 in the heat fins 120 , welds, clips, heat resistant adhesives, etc.
- the gaps 144 and the holes 130 allow melted fuel material from the fuel element 110 , to drip or seep underneath the base skirt 126 , and the capillary space 138 allows melted fuel material to traverse up the fins 120 by capillary action and thereby provide a source of fuel material in non-consumable wick areas 150 .
- An example of such capillary action is described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/938,453.
- the fuel element 110 includes a body 152 of fuel material and has an upper surface 154 and a lower surface 156 .
- the fuel element 110 in one embodiment is shaped as a wax puck and in other embodiments may have other shapes and/or include other meltable or flowable fuel materials, such as paraffin or animal fat, having a solid or semi-solid state or otherwise maintainable in a fixed form at room temperature.
- the lower surface 156 of the fuel element 110 defines a cavity 158 having an upper cavity wall 160 shaped to conform to the base portion 116 of the wick holder 106 .
- the slot 122 extends from the upper surface 154 to the upper cavity wall 160 and has a width w 1 at the upper surface that is smaller than a width w 2 at the cavity wall.
- the width w 1 is adapted to prevent melted wax from the fuel element 110 from falling or trickling down the slot 122 without engaging the wick 108 , or put another way, the width w 1 is narrow enough to ensure that melted fuel material from near the upper portion of the slot 122 will engage the wick 108 as it falls or trickles down the slot.
- the width w 1 is not more than approximately 0.02′′ (0.5 mm) larger than a diameter of the wick at an upper end of the slot 122 .
- the width w 1 is approximately the same as a diameter of the wick 108 . In yet another embodiment, the width w 1 is less than a width of the wick 108 so that an interference fit exists between the wick and the body 152 at the upper end of the slot 122 . In a further embodiment, the width w 1 is less than or equal to approximately 0.12 inches (3 mm), and the wick 108 has a diameter of approximately 0.1 inches (2.5 mm).
- the slot 122 may have a width that is initially more than approximately 0.02 inches (0.5 mm) larger than a diameter of the wick 108 to allow for easy insertion of the wick 108 and wick holder 106 into the slot 122 , and the slot is filled subsequently with additional fuel material in a second manufacturing step so that the width w 1 is less than approximately 0.02 inches (0.5 mm) larger than the diameter of the wick.
- the support base 102 carries the melting plate 104 within an upper chamber 162 , which is generally bowl-shaped.
- the melting plate 104 in one embodiment is secured to a sidewall 164 of the upper chamber 162 with adhesive 166 thereby providing an empty air space 168 between the melting plate and an intermediate wall 170 of the support base 102 .
- the air space 168 provides additional insulation between the melting plate and the support base 102 to reduce heat loss through the melting plate to the support base.
- the melting plate 104 is adjacent to the intermediate wall 170 with adhesive 166 placed therebetween such that no air space 168 is disposed between melting plate and the intermediate wall.
- other arrangements and support configurations for the melting plate 104 are also suitable for supporting the melting plate 104 .
- the slot 122 has a length l 1 in the upper surface 154 that is longer than a length l 2 in the lower surface 156 .
- the length l 1 is shorter than a largest width w f of the fins 120 and the length l 2 is longer than the largest width w f of the heat fins.
- Such a configuration of the slot lengths l 1 and l 2 in relation to the width w f in addition to the slot widths w 1 and w 2 as described herein above, facilitates inserting the wick holder 106 fully into the slot from the lower surface 156 .
- Such configuration of the slot 122 and cavity 158 may also prevent the slot from fully receiving the wick holder if the fins 120 are inserted into the slot through the upper surface 154 rather than through the lower surface 156 , thereby preventing or discouraging improper assembly of the fuel element 110 and the wick holder 106 .
- the capillary pedestal 112 includes an inclined sidewall 172 having an annular groove 174 extending therearound in a medial position between a floor 176 of the melting plate 104 and a top wall 178 of the capillary pedestal.
- a magnet 180 is secured to an underside of the top wall 166 with an adhesive 182 .
- the magnet 180 may be disposed on an upper side of the top wall 178 or at another location sufficient to attract the wick holder 106 .
- the spacers 128 are adapted to seat in the annular groove 174 to provide a capillary space 184 between the base skirt 126 and the inclined sidewall 172 .
- the capillary space 184 is sized to facilitate capillary movement of melted or liquid fuel material (not shown) toward the wick 108 .
- the spacers 128 also help retain the wick holder 106 on the capillary pedestal 112 by seating in the annular groove 174 .
- the steel rivet 132 in the wick holder 106 is attracted to the magnet 180 when placed over the capillary pedestal 112 and thereby prevents the wick holder from accidentally falling or slipping off of the capillary pedestal.
- the steel rivets 132 When placed on an underside of the end plate 124 , the steel rivets 132 also act as spacers to help maintain the capillary space 184 .
- one or more magnets 186 may be secured to the end plate 124 by any convenient means, such as with an adhesive or by a rivet, in order to maintain the wick clip 106 in position on the capillary pedestal 112 .
- the cavity wall 160 of the fuel element 110 is shaped to fit around the base skirt 126 and barrel 118 of the wick holder 106 and rest on the floor 176 of the melting plate 104 in order to minimize open space 188 between the fuel element and the wick 108 , the wick holder 106 , and the melting plate floor 176 .
- Optimizing and/or minimizing the open space 188 increases the likelihood of having melted fuel material (not shown) being fed directly to the wick 108 rather than falling downwardly to the floor 176 or accumulating in the open space and thereby potentially starving the wick of liquid or melted fuel material while burning.
- the melted fuel material accumulates about the base of the capillary pedestal 112 , whether due to melting from the melting plate 104 or from direct melting by a flame 109 disposed on the wick 108 , the melted fuel material is drawn upwardly along the capillary space 184 by capillary action toward non-consumable wick areas 150 while the candle is burning.
- the wick 108 in one embodiment extends through the open end 134 of the barrel 118 to touch or nearly touch the top wall 178 of the capillary pedestal 112 so that liquid fuel material drawn up the capillary space 184 will engage the wick 108 and be drawn upwardly therein for eventual burning by a flame burning on the wick.
- the wick barrel 118 has an inside diameter sufficient to receive the wick 108 .
- the inside diameter of the barrel 118 may be larger, smaller, or the same as the diameter of the wick and may be uniform or have different diameters along a length thereof. In one embodiment, the inside diameter of the barrel 118 is larger than the diameter of the wick 108 so that the wick may be easily inserted into the barrel.
- the inside diameter of the barrel 118 is uniform and approximately 0.012′′ (0.3 mm) larger than the diameter of the wick 108 . In yet other embodiments, the inside diameter of the barrel 118 is the same size as or smaller than the wick 108 .
- Melted fuel material can seep into the capillary space 184 through the weep holes 130 and thereby prime or facilitate capillary action upward through the capillary space 184 . Melted fuel material may also be drawn upwardly in the capillary space 138 between opposing sides 140 , 142 of the fins 120 and drawn to the non-combustible wick areas 150 where the melted fuel material is vaporized and ignited by a flame disposed on the wick 108 .
- FIG. 6 another wick holder 200 and melting plate 202 are shown that are similar to the wick holder 106 and melting plate 104 shown in FIGS. 1-5 , except that a capillary pedestal 204 includes a smooth inclined sidewall 206 without the annular groove 174 .
- the wick holder 200 also does not include the spacers 128 in the base skirt 126 .
- a capillary space (not shown), similar to 184 , is maintained between the base skirt 126 and the sidewall 206 by steel rivets 132 protruding below an end wall, such as 124 , of a base portion 116 of the wick holder 200 .
- the wick holder 200 is maintained on the capillary pedestal 204 substantially by the attraction between the steel rivets 132 and the magnet 180 (shown in FIG. 5 ) in the capillary pedestal and any weight of the fuel element 110 .
- a wick holder 300 of another embodiment for use in a candle assembly, such as 100 is similar to the wick holder 106 (or 200 ) except that the wick holder 300 also includes a medial portion of the barrel 118 having a cross-sectional area that is less than a cross-sectional area of any other portion of the wick barrel.
- An indentation 302 in a sidewall 304 of the barrel 118 defines a constricted portion 306 of the barrel disposed intermediate opposite open ends 308 and 310 of the barrel and having a cross-sectional area less than any other portion of the barrel.
- the wick 108 extends through the barrel 118 such that a portion or end of the wick adapted to absorb fuel material 311 (when in a melted or otherwise fluid state) extends downwardly through the end 310 and another portion or end of the wick adapted for ignition extends upwardly through end 308 .
- the constricted portion 306 reduces an effective wick cross-sectional area, and thereby may reduce or restrict a capillary fluid flow capacity of the wick between the first open end 308 and the second open end 310 .
- the restricted flow capacity, and subsequently reduced volume flow rate, of the fluid fuel material 311 up the wick 108 from the end 310 toward a flame region above the end 308 in turn may reduce the fuel material burn rate and extend the life of the fuel element 110 .
- the capillary fluid flow capacity of the wick 108 may be substantially reduced by reducing the cross-sectional area of the constricted portion.
- Such a constriction on the flow rate of the fluid fuel material 311 upwardly along the wick 108 past the constricted portion 306 is enhanced when the sidewall 304 is substantially liquid impervious (e.g., does not allow the fluid fuel material to pass therethrough to the wick 108 ), which thereby restricts the flow of the fluid fuel material into the wick through the end 310 located in the end plate 124 or above the end 308 of the barrel 118 .
- the indentation 302 may also help maintain the wick 108 in a predetermined position within the barrel 118 such that, for example, an end portion of the wick extends through or to the end 310 in order to prevent the wick from being pulled out of the barrel and thus potentially losing contact with the flow of the fluid fuel material 311 toward the wick through the capillary space 184 and weep holes 130 .
- the barrel 118 may take the form of a sleeve having a cylindrical shape or a tubular shape having other cross-sectional areas and shapes (not shown).
- the constricted portion 306 in the barrel 118 is formed by an inner annular ridge (not shown), which may be formed by indenting or crimping the sidewall 304 entirely around the wick barrel 118 or by an inner annular shoulder (not shown) disposed on an inner surface of the sidewall 304 .
- the constricted portion 306 in another embodiment may be formed by a single indentation 302 or by a plurality of indentations, which may be either in opposing relationship or offset from each other.
- the barrel 118 may have the form of a wick casing that is not generally tubular, but rather includes a longitudinally curved sidewall that encases a portion of the wick 108 and has first and second openings in the sidewall through which the wick extends.
- the capillary space 184 defines a volume, or capillary well 350 , between the base portion 116 of the wick holder 300 and the capillary pedestal 204 .
- the capillary well 350 has dimensions that are preselected to promote a successful sustained relight of the wick 108 after a pool 352 (shown in dashed lines) of the fuel material 311 (such as wax or other meltable fuel) has been formed in melting plate 202 around the peripheral skirt 126 and capillary pedestal 204 and then allowed to solidify.
- a fluid portion of the fuel material 311 from the pool 352 is drawn into the capillary well 350 and up to the wick 108 by capillary action to feed a flame 354 at wick 108 . If the flame 354 is extinguished prior to consuming the entire fuel element 110 , the pool 352 of fuel material 311 solidifies and extends across the bottom of the melting plate 202 , through the capillary well 350 , and into the wick 108 .
- the capillary space 184 is dimensioned such that a fluid supply of the fuel material is quickly formed and available in the capillary well 350 to feed the flame 354 via the wick 108 until the fuel material surrounding the peripheral skirt 126 has melted sufficiently to provide a supply of liquefied fuel material to replace the fuel material in the capillary well.
- the capillary space 184 is dimensioned too small, there may not be enough fuel material in the capillary well 350 to sustain the flame 354 on the wick 108 during a sustained relight before the pool 352 of fuel material 311 surrounding the peripheral skirt 126 has melted enough to provide additional liquefied fuel to the wick 108 .
- the capillary space 184 is too large, heat transfer through the solidified fuel material 311 in the capillary well 350 may be too slow to melt enough of the fuel material therein to provide liquefied fuel to the wick 108 before fuel material in the wick is burned.
- the flame 354 may run out of fuel and extinguish prior to melting a sufficient amount of the fuel material 311 in the pool 352 to begin or sustain substantially continuous capillary movement of the fluid fuel material from outside of the capillary space 184 , into the capillary well 350 , and up the wick 108 to feed the flame 354 .
- the capillary well 350 has a volume not less than a volume sufficient to provide an amount of melted fuel to the relit wick 108 until a sufficient amount of liquefied fuel is formed from the pool 352 of solidified fuel material 311 adjacent to or surrounding the peripheral skirt 126 to continuously feed the flame 354 by capillary action through the capillary space 184 .
- the volume of the capillary well 350 is not more than a volume able to allow heat from the flame 354 to melt the solidified fuel material 311 disposed in the capillary space 184 sufficiently rapidly to feed the flame 354 after solidified fuel material 311 carried in the wick is burned.
- a successful relight can be achieved if the volume of the capillary well 350 is proportional to a thermal mass of an entire candle assembly, such as 100 , in order to provide a sufficient source of melted fuel to the wick until the pool 352 of solidified wax has melted sufficiently to provide an adequate flow of fuel to the wick 108 to maintain a sustained burn of the flame 354 .
- the thermal mass of the candle assembly 100 is a measure of the amount of energy needed to change the temperature of the entire melting plate candle by a measured amount and is equal to the sum of the products of the mass of each portion of the candle assembly multiplied by the specific heat of that portion.
- a successful relight may be achieved when the ratio of the volume of the capillary well 350 to the thermal mass of the entire candle assembly is between about 0.00006 cubic inches per calorie per degree centigrade (hereinafter, in 3 /cal/° C.) (1 mm 3 /cal/° C.) and about 0.0006 in 3 /cal/° C. (10 mm 3 /cal/° C.), or between about 0.0001 in 3 /cal/° C. (2 mm 3 /cal/° C.) and about 0.0004 in 3 /cal/° C. (6 mm 3 /cal/° C.), or between about 0.00018 in 3 /cal/° C.
- the thermal mass of the candle assembly is between about 135 cal/° C. and about 10 cal/° C., or between about 75 cal/° C. and about 40 cal/° C., or between about 61 cal/° C.
- the volume of the capillary well 350 is between about 0.006 in 3 (100 mm 3 ) and about 0.03 in 3 (500 mm 3 ), or between about 0.009 in 3 (150 mm 3 ) and about 0.018 in 3 (300 mm 3 ), or about 0.012 in 3 (200 mm 3 ).
- the thermal mass of an embodiment of a candle assembly includes the support base 102 , the melting plate 202 , and the wick holder 300 having a combined thermal mass of about 50 cal/° C. and the fuel element 110 of approximately 0.53 oz. (15 g) of wax having a thermal mass of about 10.5 cal/° C. before being burned.
- the capillary pedestal 204 has a generally frustoconical shape with a height h 1 between about 0.39 inches (10 mm) and about 0.04 inches (1 mm), or about 0.2 inches (5 mm), a bottom radius ⁇ 1 between about 1.18 inches (30 mm) and about 0.39 inches (10 mm), or about 0.83 inches (21 mm), and a top radius ⁇ 2 between about 0.04 inches (1 mm) and about 0.79 inches (20 mm), or about 0.43 inches (11 mm).
- the base 116 has a frustoconical shape generally complementary to the capillary pedestal with the peripheral skirt 126 having an upper diameter ⁇ 3 of between about 0.08 inches (2 mm) and about 0.83 inches (21 mm), or between about 0.43 inches (11 mm) and about 0.55 inches (14 mm), or about 0.51 inches (13 mm); a bottom diameter ⁇ 4 between about 1.22 inches (31 mm) and about 0.43 inches (11 mm), or about 0.79 inches (20 mm) and about 0.91 inches (23 mm), or about 0.87 inches (22 mm); a height h 2 between about 0.43 inches (11 mm) and about 0.08 inches (2 mm), or between about 0.28 inches (7 mm) and about 0.16 inches (4 mm), or about 0.2 inches (5 mm); and a height h 3 of the rivets 132 from the end plate 124 of between about 0.004 inches (0.1 mm) and about 0.04 inches (1 mm), or between about 0.03 inches (0.8 mm) and about 0.02 inches (0.5
- the capillary pedestal 204 has a height h 1 about 0.18 inches (4.7 mm), a bottom radius ⁇ 1 about 0.81 inches (20.5 mm), a top radius ⁇ 2 about 0.44 inches (11.1 mm), and the base 126 has a skirt 126 having an upper diameter ⁇ 3 about 0.5 inches (12.6 mm), a bottom diameter ⁇ 4 about 0.85 inches (21.6 mm), and a height h 2 about 0.2 inches (5.05 mm).
- the end plate 124 is a perpendicular distance of about 0.03 inches (0.65 mm) from a top wall 178 of the capillary pedestal, and the peripheral skirt 126 is perpendicular distance of about 0.02 inches (0.38 mm) from the sidewall 206 , which defines a capillary well 350 having a volume of approximately 0.012 in 3 (200 mm 3 ).
- FIG. 9 illustrates a portion of a melting plate 400 comprising a concave base 402 , and having a raised pedestal or protrusion 404 located near the center thereof.
- the pedestal is shaped so as to engage the legs or skirt 406 of a wick holder 408 .
- the wick holder 408 has a central retention mechanism, such as a body 410 , which holds a wick 412 , and heat fins 414 located so as to absorb heat from a flame upon the wick mounted in the wick holder, and to permit flow of the heat from the flame to the base 402 of the melting plate 400 .
- the legs or skirt 406 of the wick holder fit in close proximity to the sides 416 of the pedestal 404 and engage an undercut 418 in a side surface of the pedestal by means of shoulder 420 in such a manner as to resist removal therefrom.
- the legs or skirt 406 and a base 422 of the wick holder 408 and the sides 416 and top 424 of the pedestal 404 are in close proximity, so as to permit maximum heat exchange when a flame is disposed on the wick 412 , and so as to create a capillary gap 426 resulting in a capillary flow of melted wax from the bottom of the melting plate to the top of the pedestal 424 .
- the bottom 422 of the wick holder is thus in close proximity to the top 424 of the pedestal 404 , promoting a rapid and even flow of liquefied fuel to the wick 412 , but held in position so as to contact the fuel by the wick holder.
- the embodiment is illustrated in terms of a melting plate candle, it may be equally as effective in the context of a candle jar, tea light, or votive holder.
- another wick holder 500 is adapted for use with a candle assembly similar to 100 having a capillary pedestal (not shown) so as to create a capillary space between the wick holder and the capillary pedestal through which liquefied fuel (not shown), such as oil or melted wax, may be drawn from a pool, upwardly between the capillary pedestal and the wick holder, toward a wick 502 , which is disposed above the capillary pedestal.
- liquefied fuel not shown
- the wick holder 500 is generally similar to other wick holders described herein, such as the wick holder 106 , the wick holder 200 , the wick holder 300 , and the wick holder 408 , except that capillary flow of the liquefied fuel to the wick 502 is diverted across a portion of the wick holder and laterally through a side aperture, or fuel feed opening 504 , into the wick above the top of a base portion 506 rather than flowing directly into the bottom end of the wick through a hole in the bottom or base portion as generally shown in the other embodiments disclosed herein.
- the base portion 506 of the wick holder 500 defines a bottom cavity (not shown) on an opposite side of the base portion from a wick receiver 508 .
- the bottom cavity is shaped so as to conform closely about a capillary pedestal, such as the capillary pedestal 204 , 112 , or 404 , in order to promote the upward capillary flow of the liquefied fuel.
- the base portion 506 has a top wall or top plate 510 and a generally frustoconical capillary skirt 512 depending downwardly from an outer periphery thereof, which, together, define the bottom cavity.
- the capillary skirt 512 When placed in an operative position on a capillary pedestal, the capillary skirt 512 is disposed around the sidewall of the capillary pedestal, and the top plate 510 is disposed above a flat top end of the capillary pedestal thereby forming the capillary space.
- the base portion 506 in other embodiments, may have different shapes according to the shape of the capillary pedestal.
- the top plate 510 and the capillary skirt 512 are generally formed of a sheet of metal that is liquid impervious except for one or more openings, such as holes 514 through the top plate and/or a gap 516 along a seam of the wick holder 500 .
- the holes 514 are disposed generally around an outer circumferential portion of the top plate 510 .
- Heat fins 518 extend upwardly from the top plate 510 and carry the wick receiver 508 , which in this embodiment is a generally cylindrical barrel, therebetween for holding the wick 502 therein.
- the wick receiver 508 is generally disposed over a central portion of the top plate 510 such that the wick 502 extends downwardly through a lower open end 520 and rests on top of the central portion of the top plate disposed radially between and spaced from the holes 514 .
- a portion of the wick 502 for carrying a flame thereon extends upwardly through an upper open end 522 of the wick receiver 508 , which is distal from the base portion 506 .
- An indentation 524 in the wick receiver 508 serves to help retain the wick 502 therein and may also serve to control the rate of capillary flow upwardly along the wick as described above in relation to the indentations 302 in the wick holder 300 .
- the area of the top plate 510 directly beneath a bottom end 526 of the wick 502 is not open to the capillary space under the base portion 506 .
- the wick holder 500 is disposed on a capillary pedestal in a melting plate candle assembly (similarly as described with regard to the melting plate candle 100 ) such that when a flame is burning at a top end of the wick 502 , liquefied fuel, such as melted wax, from a fuel element is drawn upwardly toward the wick to feed the flame even when a level of the liquefied fuel drops below the elevation of the top plate 510 and the bottom end 526 of the wick.
- the fuel feed opening 504 is in fluid communication with the capillary space via the holes 514 .
- the liquefied fuel is drawn upwardly from underneath the capillary skirt 512 , through the capillary space between the base portion 506 and the capillary pedestal, and through the holes 514 and possibly the gap 516 , across the top of the top plate 510 , and laterally into the wick 502 through the fuel feed opening 504 .
- the fuel feed opening 504 is defined between the top plate 510 and the bottom end 520 of the cylindrical barrel; however, the fuel feed opening 504 may take the form of any opening adjacent to the base portion 506 that is sufficient to allow the liquefied fuel to be drawn laterally into the wick 502 above the base portion.
- the fuel feed opening 504 may include one or more slits or small holes through the sidewall(s) of the wick receiver 508 , which would draw liquefied fuel across the top of the top plate 510 and laterally into the wick 502 .
- the lateral fuel flow into the wick 502 through the fuel feed opening 504 is sustained by the capillary forces of the wick 502 and attractive forces of the liquefied fuel so as to draw the liquefied fuel from the holes 514 across the top plate 510 , through the fuel feed opening, and into the wick.
- the lateral fuel feed opening 504 may also be combined with a hole (not shown) in the top plate directly underneath the bottom end 526 of the wick 502 , which may be formed by, for example, the gap 516 extending across the top plate 510 or any other form of opening.
- a hole not shown
- Other features of the various wick holders described herein may also be combined with the wick holder 500 and vice-versa.
- a wick holder may be used to hold a wick in a predetermined location relative to a fuel element.
- the wick holder of the present invention may be used with a melting plate candle assembly as generally described herein to maintain a flame on the wick at a height above the level of a liquefied pool of fuel so as to prevent or at least minimize the risk of flash over in the pool of liquefied fuel.
- Other uses and benefits of the wick holder of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
Abstract
In one aspect of the present invention, a wick holder adapted to hold a wick extending upwardly from a pool of liquefied fuel is provided. In one embodiment, a flame on the wick does not directly engage the pool of liquefied fuel. The wick holder includes a base portion that forms a capillary space with a capillary pedestal. A wick retainer is disposed above the base portion and retains the wick over the base portion. One or more openings through the base portion and an opening in the wick retainer disposed over the base portion provides a path for liquefied fuel to flow from the capillary space to the wick via the holes in the base portion, across a top of the base portion, and through the opening in the wick receiver.
Description
- This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 11/123,461, 11/124,313, and 11/123,372, each of which was filed May 6, 2005, and each of which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/978,744, filed Nov. 1, 2004, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/938,434, filed Sep. 10, 2004. This application is also a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/938,453, filed Sep. 10, 2004.
- Not applicable
- Not applicable
- 1. Field of the Invention
- The present invention relates to a wick holder for holding a wick in a candle assembly.
- 2. Description of the Background of the Invention
- It is know in the candle art to have a wick holder for holding a wick in a predetermined position within a wax fuel charge or within a liquid fuel charge of a candle, a lamp, or other similar open flame lighting device. In one candle, a wick holder is spool-shaped and has a tubular barrel and radial heat fins extending transversely from opposite ends of the barrel. The barrel has open top and bottom ends and a wick disposed through the top end. The wick and wick holder assembly are disposed within a wax fuel charge, such that one set of heat fins is disposed at a bottom end of the fuel charge and the other set of heat fins is disposed near a top end of the fuel charge with the wick extending upwardly through the top end of the fuel charge. The wick holder is formed of heat transmissive material, such as metal, and the wick has a heat transmissive core so that heat from a flame on the wick is transferred downwardly through the core to the wick holder so as to melt the wax as the flame burns. Holes through the sidewall of the barrel disposed between the fins allow melted wax to flow from outside the barrel into the wick and subsequently up to the flame.
- In one aspect of the invention, a wick holder includes a base portion defining a cavity on a first side thereof, a wick retainer disposed on a second side of the base portion opposite the first side, an opening through the base portion between the first side and the second side, and a fuel aperture disposed on the second side of the base portion. The fuel aperture is adjacent to the base portion, and the fuel aperture is spaced from the opening.
- In another aspect of the invention, a wick holder includes a base portion adapted to form a capillary space above a capillary pedestal and a wick receiver disposed above the base portion and adapted to retain a wick. An opening through the base portion is adapted to provide fluid communication between the capillary space and a top side of the base portion. A fuel aperture is defined at least partly by the wick receiver. The fuel aperture is disposed above and adjacent to the base portion spaced from the opening. The fuel aperture is adapted to be in fluid communication with the capillary space, and the wick holder is adapted to hold a portion of the wick above a pool of liquefied fuel surrounding the capillary pedestal.
- In yet another aspect of the invention, a wick assembly includes a wick and a wick holder. The wick holder includes a base portion, a heat fin extending upwardly from a top side of the base portion, and a wick receiver disposed above the top side of the base portion. The wick is carried by the wick receiver with the wick disposed above the base portion. A fluid path is defined through the base portion. The fluid path extends between a supply area of liquefied fuel below the base portion and the top side of the base portion. A second fluid path extends from the wick and is disposed above the base portion. The first fluid path is spaced from the second fluid path, and the first fluid path and the second fluid path provide fluid communication between the supply area and the wick.
- Other aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent upon consideration of the following detailed description.
-
FIG. 1 is an exploded isometric view of a candle assembly according to one aspect of the present invention; -
FIG. 2 is an enlarged isometric view of a wick holder shown inFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a fuel element along the line 3-3 ofFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view generally transverse to line 3-3 ofFIG. 1 with the candle assembly in assembled form; -
FIG. 5 is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view along the line 5-5 ofFIG. 4 ; -
FIG. 6 is an enlarged isometric view of a wick holder and a portion of a melting plate according to another aspect of the invention; -
FIG. 7 is an isometric view of still another wick holder according to the present invention; -
FIG. 8 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the wick holder shown inFIG. 7 in a similar view as shown inFIG. 5 ; -
FIG. 9 is a simplified partial cross-sectional view of a melting plate candle showing a capillary pedestal and locking wick holder with fins according to a further aspect of the invention; and -
FIG. 10 is an isometric view of a wick holder according to yet another aspect of the invention. - Referring now to
FIGS. 1-5 , acandle assembly 100 includes asupport base 102, amelting plate 104, awick holder 106, awick 108, and afuel element 110. Thesupport base 102 carries themelting plate 104, which is generally saucer shaped, and includes a centrally disposedcapillary pedestal 112. Optionaldecorative etchings 114 are disposed on an upper exposed surface of themelting plate 104 to provide enhanced attractiveness or visual information. Thewick holder 106 includes abase portion 116 that fits over thecapillary pedestal 112, a wick retainer sleeve in the shape of an elongate cylindrical tube, orbarrel 118, and heat conductive elements, such asfins 120. Thebarrel 118 receives thewick 108 therein such that the wick extends from thebase portion 116 with a portion of the wick exposed above the barrel. Thefuel element 110 is disposed over and around thewick holder 106 and includes a duct orslot 122 through which thewick 108 extends. Theslot 122 has a width w1 sufficient to allow thewick 108 to extend through the slot and a length l1 sufficient to accept at least a portion of thefins 120 therethrough. In one embodiment, thefuel element 110 has a mass of wax approximately 15 grams, and themelting plate candle 100 may burn continuously for about 3 to 3½ hours on a single fuel element, such as thewax fuel element 110, before the fuel is completely consumed. - As seen in
FIG. 2 , thebase portion 116 of thewick holder 106 includes anend plate 124 encompassed by a generallyconical base skirt 126, and an upper portion including thebarrel 118 extending upwardly from theend plate 124 and thefins 120 extending from the barrel and end plate. Thebase portion 116 is adapted to fit closely over and around thecapillary pedestal 112 such that thebarrel 118 is maintained in an upright, or substantially vertical, orientation when placed on the capillary pedestal. Thebase skirt 126 includes indentations orspacers 128, andholes 130 extend through theend plate 124. Ferromagnetic structures, such assteel rivets 132 or magnets 180 (shown inFIG. 5 ), are secured to thebase portion 116, such as through theholes 130, so that thewick holder 106 may be releasably secured over thecapillary pedestal 112 by magnetic forces. Thebarrel 118 is sized to receive thewick 108 with either a close fit or interference fit so as to retain the wick therein and define anopening 134 in theend plate 124 such that the wick can extend through the end plate. Thefins 120 extend laterally outwardly on opposite sides of thebarrel 118 and extend upwardly above the barrel. In one embodiment, thefins 120 are shaped to simulate a flame outline. In other embodiments, thefins 120 may have square, circular, oval, triangular, or other non-geometric shapes, and in still other embodiments, thefins 120 may have insulated areas (not shown) as described more fully in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/939,039, filed Sep. 10, 2004, and incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Thefins 120 are relatively thin strips of heat conductive material, such as metal, for transmitting heat from a flame burning on thewick 108 outwardly toward thefuel element 110. In one embodiment, thewick holder 106 is formed from a single sheet of aluminum that is cut and folded about afold 136 and thereby forming acapillary space 138 between twosides gaps 144 in thebase skirt 126. In other embodiments, thewick holder 106 may be formed by other methods from other heat resistant materials, such as ceramic, other metals, heat resistant plastics, etc. If thewick holder 106 is formed of a ferromagnetic material, such as steel, the steel rivets 132 may optionally be omitted. The twosides rivets 146 throughholes 148 in theheat fins 120, welds, clips, heat resistant adhesives, etc. Thegaps 144 and theholes 130 allow melted fuel material from thefuel element 110, to drip or seep underneath thebase skirt 126, and thecapillary space 138 allows melted fuel material to traverse up thefins 120 by capillary action and thereby provide a source of fuel material innon-consumable wick areas 150. An example of such capillary action is described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/938,453. - As seen in detail in
FIG. 3 , thefuel element 110 includes abody 152 of fuel material and has anupper surface 154 and alower surface 156. Thefuel element 110 in one embodiment is shaped as a wax puck and in other embodiments may have other shapes and/or include other meltable or flowable fuel materials, such as paraffin or animal fat, having a solid or semi-solid state or otherwise maintainable in a fixed form at room temperature. Thelower surface 156 of thefuel element 110 defines acavity 158 having anupper cavity wall 160 shaped to conform to thebase portion 116 of thewick holder 106. Theslot 122 extends from theupper surface 154 to theupper cavity wall 160 and has a width w1 at the upper surface that is smaller than a width w2 at the cavity wall. The width w1 is adapted to prevent melted wax from thefuel element 110 from falling or trickling down theslot 122 without engaging thewick 108, or put another way, the width w1 is narrow enough to ensure that melted fuel material from near the upper portion of theslot 122 will engage thewick 108 as it falls or trickles down the slot. In one embodiment, the width w1 is not more than approximately 0.02″ (0.5 mm) larger than a diameter of the wick at an upper end of theslot 122. In another embodiment, the width w1 is approximately the same as a diameter of thewick 108. In yet another embodiment, the width w1 is less than a width of thewick 108 so that an interference fit exists between the wick and thebody 152 at the upper end of theslot 122. In a further embodiment, the width w1 is less than or equal to approximately 0.12 inches (3 mm), and thewick 108 has a diameter of approximately 0.1 inches (2.5 mm). In yet a further embodiment (not shown), theslot 122 may have a width that is initially more than approximately 0.02 inches (0.5 mm) larger than a diameter of thewick 108 to allow for easy insertion of thewick 108 andwick holder 106 into theslot 122, and the slot is filled subsequently with additional fuel material in a second manufacturing step so that the width w1 is less than approximately 0.02 inches (0.5 mm) larger than the diameter of the wick. - As shown in
FIG. 4 , thesupport base 102 carries themelting plate 104 within anupper chamber 162, which is generally bowl-shaped. Themelting plate 104 in one embodiment is secured to asidewall 164 of theupper chamber 162 with adhesive 166 thereby providing anempty air space 168 between the melting plate and anintermediate wall 170 of thesupport base 102. Theair space 168 provides additional insulation between the melting plate and thesupport base 102 to reduce heat loss through the melting plate to the support base. In another embodiment (not shown) themelting plate 104 is adjacent to theintermediate wall 170 with adhesive 166 placed therebetween such that noair space 168 is disposed between melting plate and the intermediate wall. Of course, other arrangements and support configurations for themelting plate 104 are also suitable for supporting themelting plate 104. - In one embodiment of the
fuel element 110, theslot 122 has a length l1 in theupper surface 154 that is longer than a length l2 in thelower surface 156. The length l1 is shorter than a largest width wf of thefins 120 and the length l2 is longer than the largest width wf of the heat fins. Such a configuration of the slot lengths l1 and l2 in relation to the width wf, in addition to the slot widths w1 and w2 as described herein above, facilitates inserting thewick holder 106 fully into the slot from thelower surface 156. Such configuration of theslot 122 andcavity 158 may also prevent the slot from fully receiving the wick holder if thefins 120 are inserted into the slot through theupper surface 154 rather than through thelower surface 156, thereby preventing or discouraging improper assembly of thefuel element 110 and thewick holder 106. - As illustrated in
FIG. 5 , a portion of themelting plate 104,capillary pedestal 112,wick holder 106,fuel element 110, andwick 108 are shown assembled and ready for use or initial ignition by a user. In one embodiment, thecapillary pedestal 112 includes aninclined sidewall 172 having anannular groove 174 extending therearound in a medial position between afloor 176 of themelting plate 104 and atop wall 178 of the capillary pedestal. Amagnet 180 is secured to an underside of thetop wall 166 with an adhesive 182. In another embodiment, themagnet 180 may be disposed on an upper side of thetop wall 178 or at another location sufficient to attract thewick holder 106. Thespacers 128 are adapted to seat in theannular groove 174 to provide acapillary space 184 between thebase skirt 126 and theinclined sidewall 172. Thecapillary space 184 is sized to facilitate capillary movement of melted or liquid fuel material (not shown) toward thewick 108. Thespacers 128 also help retain thewick holder 106 on thecapillary pedestal 112 by seating in theannular groove 174. In addition, thesteel rivet 132 in thewick holder 106 is attracted to themagnet 180 when placed over thecapillary pedestal 112 and thereby prevents the wick holder from accidentally falling or slipping off of the capillary pedestal. When placed on an underside of theend plate 124, the steel rivets 132 also act as spacers to help maintain thecapillary space 184. In another embodiment, one ormore magnets 186 may be secured to theend plate 124 by any convenient means, such as with an adhesive or by a rivet, in order to maintain thewick clip 106 in position on thecapillary pedestal 112. Thecavity wall 160 of thefuel element 110 is shaped to fit around thebase skirt 126 andbarrel 118 of thewick holder 106 and rest on thefloor 176 of themelting plate 104 in order to minimizeopen space 188 between the fuel element and thewick 108, thewick holder 106, and themelting plate floor 176. Optimizing and/or minimizing theopen space 188 increases the likelihood of having melted fuel material (not shown) being fed directly to thewick 108 rather than falling downwardly to thefloor 176 or accumulating in the open space and thereby potentially starving the wick of liquid or melted fuel material while burning. However, as the melted fuel material accumulates about the base of thecapillary pedestal 112, whether due to melting from themelting plate 104 or from direct melting by aflame 109 disposed on thewick 108, the melted fuel material is drawn upwardly along thecapillary space 184 by capillary action towardnon-consumable wick areas 150 while the candle is burning. Thewick 108 in one embodiment extends through theopen end 134 of thebarrel 118 to touch or nearly touch thetop wall 178 of thecapillary pedestal 112 so that liquid fuel material drawn up thecapillary space 184 will engage thewick 108 and be drawn upwardly therein for eventual burning by a flame burning on the wick. Thewick barrel 118 has an inside diameter sufficient to receive thewick 108. The inside diameter of thebarrel 118 may be larger, smaller, or the same as the diameter of the wick and may be uniform or have different diameters along a length thereof. In one embodiment, the inside diameter of thebarrel 118 is larger than the diameter of thewick 108 so that the wick may be easily inserted into the barrel. In another embodiment, the inside diameter of thebarrel 118 is uniform and approximately 0.012″ (0.3 mm) larger than the diameter of thewick 108. In yet other embodiments, the inside diameter of thebarrel 118 is the same size as or smaller than thewick 108. Melted fuel material can seep into thecapillary space 184 through the weepholes 130 and thereby prime or facilitate capillary action upward through thecapillary space 184. Melted fuel material may also be drawn upwardly in thecapillary space 138 between opposingsides fins 120 and drawn to thenon-combustible wick areas 150 where the melted fuel material is vaporized and ignited by a flame disposed on thewick 108. - Turning now to
FIG. 6 , anotherwick holder 200 andmelting plate 202 are shown that are similar to thewick holder 106 andmelting plate 104 shown inFIGS. 1-5 , except that acapillary pedestal 204 includes a smoothinclined sidewall 206 without theannular groove 174. Thewick holder 200 also does not include thespacers 128 in thebase skirt 126. A capillary space (not shown), similar to 184, is maintained between thebase skirt 126 and thesidewall 206 bysteel rivets 132 protruding below an end wall, such as 124, of abase portion 116 of thewick holder 200. In this embodiment, thewick holder 200 is maintained on thecapillary pedestal 204 substantially by the attraction between the steel rivets 132 and the magnet 180 (shown inFIG. 5 ) in the capillary pedestal and any weight of thefuel element 110. - In
FIGS. 7 and 8 , awick holder 300 of another embodiment for use in a candle assembly, such as 100, is similar to the wick holder 106 (or 200) except that thewick holder 300 also includes a medial portion of thebarrel 118 having a cross-sectional area that is less than a cross-sectional area of any other portion of the wick barrel. Anindentation 302 in asidewall 304 of thebarrel 118 defines aconstricted portion 306 of the barrel disposed intermediate opposite open ends 308 and 310 of the barrel and having a cross-sectional area less than any other portion of the barrel. Thewick 108 extends through thebarrel 118 such that a portion or end of the wick adapted to absorb fuel material 311 (when in a melted or otherwise fluid state) extends downwardly through theend 310 and another portion or end of the wick adapted for ignition extends upwardly throughend 308. Theconstricted portion 306 reduces an effective wick cross-sectional area, and thereby may reduce or restrict a capillary fluid flow capacity of the wick between the firstopen end 308 and the secondopen end 310. The restricted flow capacity, and subsequently reduced volume flow rate, of thefluid fuel material 311 up thewick 108 from theend 310 toward a flame region above theend 308, in turn may reduce the fuel material burn rate and extend the life of thefuel element 110. Because theconstricted portion 306 having a larger cross-sectional area allows a faster volume flow rate, or increased capillary fluid flow capacity, than a constricted portion having a smaller cross-sectional area, the capillary fluid flow capacity of thewick 108 may be substantially reduced by reducing the cross-sectional area of the constricted portion. Such a constriction on the flow rate of thefluid fuel material 311 upwardly along thewick 108 past theconstricted portion 306 is enhanced when thesidewall 304 is substantially liquid impervious (e.g., does not allow the fluid fuel material to pass therethrough to the wick 108), which thereby restricts the flow of the fluid fuel material into the wick through theend 310 located in theend plate 124 or above theend 308 of thebarrel 118. Theindentation 302 may also help maintain thewick 108 in a predetermined position within thebarrel 118 such that, for example, an end portion of the wick extends through or to theend 310 in order to prevent the wick from being pulled out of the barrel and thus potentially losing contact with the flow of thefluid fuel material 311 toward the wick through thecapillary space 184 and weepholes 130. - Other variations and embodiments of the candle assembly and
wick holder 300 described in detail herein are also specifically contemplated. For example, in one embodiment, thebarrel 118 may take the form of a sleeve having a cylindrical shape or a tubular shape having other cross-sectional areas and shapes (not shown). In another embodiment, theconstricted portion 306 in thebarrel 118 is formed by an inner annular ridge (not shown), which may be formed by indenting or crimping thesidewall 304 entirely around thewick barrel 118 or by an inner annular shoulder (not shown) disposed on an inner surface of thesidewall 304. Theconstricted portion 306 in another embodiment may be formed by asingle indentation 302 or by a plurality of indentations, which may be either in opposing relationship or offset from each other. In another embodiment (not shown) thebarrel 118 may have the form of a wick casing that is not generally tubular, but rather includes a longitudinally curved sidewall that encases a portion of thewick 108 and has first and second openings in the sidewall through which the wick extends. - In another aspect of the present invention, which is shown in
FIG. 8 but which is also applicable to any combination of any of the wick holders and any of the capillary pedestals described herein, thecapillary space 184 defines a volume, or capillary well 350, between thebase portion 116 of thewick holder 300 and thecapillary pedestal 204. Thecapillary well 350 has dimensions that are preselected to promote a successful sustained relight of thewick 108 after a pool 352 (shown in dashed lines) of the fuel material 311 (such as wax or other meltable fuel) has been formed inmelting plate 202 around theperipheral skirt 126 andcapillary pedestal 204 and then allowed to solidify. During a sustained burn, a fluid portion of thefuel material 311 from thepool 352 is drawn into the capillary well 350 and up to thewick 108 by capillary action to feed aflame 354 atwick 108. If theflame 354 is extinguished prior to consuming theentire fuel element 110, thepool 352 offuel material 311 solidifies and extends across the bottom of themelting plate 202, through thecapillary well 350, and into thewick 108. In one embodiment, when thewick 108 is re-lit after thepool 352 offuel material 311 has solidified, thecapillary space 184 is dimensioned such that a fluid supply of the fuel material is quickly formed and available in the capillary well 350 to feed theflame 354 via thewick 108 until the fuel material surrounding theperipheral skirt 126 has melted sufficiently to provide a supply of liquefied fuel material to replace the fuel material in the capillary well. For example, if thecapillary space 184 is dimensioned too small, there may not be enough fuel material in the capillary well 350 to sustain theflame 354 on thewick 108 during a sustained relight before thepool 352 offuel material 311 surrounding theperipheral skirt 126 has melted enough to provide additional liquefied fuel to thewick 108. Also, for example, if thecapillary space 184 is too large, heat transfer through the solidifiedfuel material 311 in the capillary well 350 may be too slow to melt enough of the fuel material therein to provide liquefied fuel to thewick 108 before fuel material in the wick is burned. Under either circumstance, theflame 354 may run out of fuel and extinguish prior to melting a sufficient amount of thefuel material 311 in thepool 352 to begin or sustain substantially continuous capillary movement of the fluid fuel material from outside of thecapillary space 184, into the capillary well 350, and up thewick 108 to feed theflame 354. Therefore, to assist in a successful sustained relight of thewick 108 in one embodiment, thecapillary well 350 has a volume not less than a volume sufficient to provide an amount of melted fuel to the relitwick 108 until a sufficient amount of liquefied fuel is formed from thepool 352 of solidifiedfuel material 311 adjacent to or surrounding theperipheral skirt 126 to continuously feed theflame 354 by capillary action through thecapillary space 184. In another embodiment, the volume of thecapillary well 350 is not more than a volume able to allow heat from theflame 354 to melt the solidifiedfuel material 311 disposed in thecapillary space 184 sufficiently rapidly to feed theflame 354 after solidifiedfuel material 311 carried in the wick is burned. - In a further embodiment, a successful relight can be achieved if the volume of the
capillary well 350 is proportional to a thermal mass of an entire candle assembly, such as 100, in order to provide a sufficient source of melted fuel to the wick until thepool 352 of solidified wax has melted sufficiently to provide an adequate flow of fuel to thewick 108 to maintain a sustained burn of theflame 354. The thermal mass of thecandle assembly 100 is a measure of the amount of energy needed to change the temperature of the entire melting plate candle by a measured amount and is equal to the sum of the products of the mass of each portion of the candle assembly multiplied by the specific heat of that portion. Illustratively, a successful relight may be achieved when the ratio of the volume of the capillary well 350 to the thermal mass of the entire candle assembly is between about 0.00006 cubic inches per calorie per degree centigrade (hereinafter, in3/cal/° C.) (1 mm3/cal/° C.) and about 0.0006 in3/cal/° C. (10 mm3/cal/° C.), or between about 0.0001 in3/cal/° C. (2 mm3/cal/° C.) and about 0.0004 in3/cal/° C. (6 mm3/cal/° C.), or between about 0.00018 in3/cal/° C. (3 mm3/cal/° C.) and about 0.00024 in3/cal/° C. (4 mm3/cal/° C.). Accordingly, in one embodiment, the thermal mass of the candle assembly is between about 135 cal/° C. and about 10 cal/° C., or between about 75 cal/° C. and about 40 cal/° C., or between about 61 cal/° C. and about 50 cal/° C., and the volume of thecapillary well 350 is between about 0.006 in3 (100 mm3) and about 0.03 in3 (500 mm3), or between about 0.009 in3 (150 mm3) and about 0.018 in3 (300 mm3), or about 0.012 in3 (200 mm3). - For example, the thermal mass of an embodiment of a candle assembly, such as 100, includes the
support base 102, themelting plate 202, and thewick holder 300 having a combined thermal mass of about 50 cal/° C. and thefuel element 110 of approximately 0.53 oz. (15 g) of wax having a thermal mass of about 10.5 cal/° C. before being burned. Thecapillary pedestal 204 has a generally frustoconical shape with a height h1 between about 0.39 inches (10 mm) and about 0.04 inches (1 mm), or about 0.2 inches (5 mm), a bottom radius Φ1 between about 1.18 inches (30 mm) and about 0.39 inches (10 mm), or about 0.83 inches (21 mm), and a top radius Φ2 between about 0.04 inches (1 mm) and about 0.79 inches (20 mm), or about 0.43 inches (11 mm). Thebase 116 has a frustoconical shape generally complementary to the capillary pedestal with theperipheral skirt 126 having an upper diameter Φ3 of between about 0.08 inches (2 mm) and about 0.83 inches (21 mm), or between about 0.43 inches (11 mm) and about 0.55 inches (14 mm), or about 0.51 inches (13 mm); a bottom diameter Φ4 between about 1.22 inches (31 mm) and about 0.43 inches (11 mm), or about 0.79 inches (20 mm) and about 0.91 inches (23 mm), or about 0.87 inches (22 mm); a height h2 between about 0.43 inches (11 mm) and about 0.08 inches (2 mm), or between about 0.28 inches (7 mm) and about 0.16 inches (4 mm), or about 0.2 inches (5 mm); and a height h3 of therivets 132 from theend plate 124 of between about 0.004 inches (0.1 mm) and about 0.04 inches (1 mm), or between about 0.03 inches (0.8 mm) and about 0.02 inches (0.5 mm), or about 0.02 inches (0.6 mm). In another embodiment, thecapillary pedestal 204 has a height h1 about 0.18 inches (4.7 mm), a bottom radius Φ1 about 0.81 inches (20.5 mm), a top radius Φ2 about 0.44 inches (11.1 mm), and thebase 126 has askirt 126 having an upper diameter Φ3 about 0.5 inches (12.6 mm), a bottom diameter Φ4 about 0.85 inches (21.6 mm), and a height h2 about 0.2 inches (5.05 mm). When thebase 116 is placed on top of thecapillary pedestal 204, theend plate 124 is a perpendicular distance of about 0.03 inches (0.65 mm) from atop wall 178 of the capillary pedestal, and theperipheral skirt 126 is perpendicular distance of about 0.02 inches (0.38 mm) from thesidewall 206, which defines a capillary well 350 having a volume of approximately 0.012 in3 (200 mm3). -
FIG. 9 illustrates a portion of amelting plate 400 comprising aconcave base 402, and having a raised pedestal orprotrusion 404 located near the center thereof. The pedestal is shaped so as to engage the legs or skirt 406 of awick holder 408. Thewick holder 408 has a central retention mechanism, such as abody 410, which holds awick 412, andheat fins 414 located so as to absorb heat from a flame upon the wick mounted in the wick holder, and to permit flow of the heat from the flame to thebase 402 of themelting plate 400. The legs or skirt 406 of the wick holder fit in close proximity to thesides 416 of thepedestal 404 and engage an undercut 418 in a side surface of the pedestal by means ofshoulder 420 in such a manner as to resist removal therefrom. The legs orskirt 406 and abase 422 of thewick holder 408 and thesides 416 and top 424 of thepedestal 404 are in close proximity, so as to permit maximum heat exchange when a flame is disposed on thewick 412, and so as to create acapillary gap 426 resulting in a capillary flow of melted wax from the bottom of the melting plate to the top of thepedestal 424. Thebottom 422 of the wick holder is thus in close proximity to the top 424 of thepedestal 404, promoting a rapid and even flow of liquefied fuel to thewick 412, but held in position so as to contact the fuel by the wick holder. Although the embodiment is illustrated in terms of a melting plate candle, it may be equally as effective in the context of a candle jar, tea light, or votive holder. - In
FIG. 10 , anotherwick holder 500 according to the present invention is adapted for use with a candle assembly similar to 100 having a capillary pedestal (not shown) so as to create a capillary space between the wick holder and the capillary pedestal through which liquefied fuel (not shown), such as oil or melted wax, may be drawn from a pool, upwardly between the capillary pedestal and the wick holder, toward awick 502, which is disposed above the capillary pedestal. Thewick holder 500 is generally similar to other wick holders described herein, such as thewick holder 106, thewick holder 200, thewick holder 300, and thewick holder 408, except that capillary flow of the liquefied fuel to thewick 502 is diverted across a portion of the wick holder and laterally through a side aperture, orfuel feed opening 504, into the wick above the top of abase portion 506 rather than flowing directly into the bottom end of the wick through a hole in the bottom or base portion as generally shown in the other embodiments disclosed herein. In general, thebase portion 506 of thewick holder 500 defines a bottom cavity (not shown) on an opposite side of the base portion from awick receiver 508. The bottom cavity is shaped so as to conform closely about a capillary pedestal, such as thecapillary pedestal base portion 506 has a top wall ortop plate 510 and a generally frustoconicalcapillary skirt 512 depending downwardly from an outer periphery thereof, which, together, define the bottom cavity. When placed in an operative position on a capillary pedestal, thecapillary skirt 512 is disposed around the sidewall of the capillary pedestal, and thetop plate 510 is disposed above a flat top end of the capillary pedestal thereby forming the capillary space. Thebase portion 506, in other embodiments, may have different shapes according to the shape of the capillary pedestal. Thetop plate 510 and thecapillary skirt 512 are generally formed of a sheet of metal that is liquid impervious except for one or more openings, such as holes 514 through the top plate and/or agap 516 along a seam of thewick holder 500. The holes 514 are disposed generally around an outer circumferential portion of thetop plate 510. Heatfins 518 extend upwardly from thetop plate 510 and carry thewick receiver 508, which in this embodiment is a generally cylindrical barrel, therebetween for holding thewick 502 therein. Thewick receiver 508 is generally disposed over a central portion of thetop plate 510 such that thewick 502 extends downwardly through a loweropen end 520 and rests on top of the central portion of the top plate disposed radially between and spaced from the holes 514. A portion of thewick 502 for carrying a flame thereon extends upwardly through an upperopen end 522 of thewick receiver 508, which is distal from thebase portion 506. Anindentation 524 in thewick receiver 508 serves to help retain thewick 502 therein and may also serve to control the rate of capillary flow upwardly along the wick as described above in relation to theindentations 302 in thewick holder 300. Unlike the previously described wick holders, the area of thetop plate 510 directly beneath abottom end 526 of thewick 502 is not open to the capillary space under thebase portion 506. - In operation, the
wick holder 500 is disposed on a capillary pedestal in a melting plate candle assembly (similarly as described with regard to the melting plate candle 100) such that when a flame is burning at a top end of thewick 502, liquefied fuel, such as melted wax, from a fuel element is drawn upwardly toward the wick to feed the flame even when a level of the liquefied fuel drops below the elevation of thetop plate 510 and thebottom end 526 of the wick. The fuel feed opening 504 is in fluid communication with the capillary space via the holes 514. In the present embodiment, the liquefied fuel is drawn upwardly from underneath thecapillary skirt 512, through the capillary space between thebase portion 506 and the capillary pedestal, and through the holes 514 and possibly thegap 516, across the top of thetop plate 510, and laterally into thewick 502 through thefuel feed opening 504. As shown inFIG. 10 , the fuel feed opening 504 is defined between thetop plate 510 and thebottom end 520 of the cylindrical barrel; however, the fuel feed opening 504 may take the form of any opening adjacent to thebase portion 506 that is sufficient to allow the liquefied fuel to be drawn laterally into thewick 502 above the base portion. For example, the fuel feed opening 504 may include one or more slits or small holes through the sidewall(s) of thewick receiver 508, which would draw liquefied fuel across the top of thetop plate 510 and laterally into thewick 502. The lateral fuel flow into thewick 502 through the fuel feed opening 504 is sustained by the capillary forces of thewick 502 and attractive forces of the liquefied fuel so as to draw the liquefied fuel from the holes 514 across thetop plate 510, through the fuel feed opening, and into the wick. In other embodiments, the lateral fuel feed opening 504 may also be combined with a hole (not shown) in the top plate directly underneath thebottom end 526 of thewick 502, which may be formed by, for example, thegap 516 extending across thetop plate 510 or any other form of opening. Other features of the various wick holders described herein may also be combined with thewick holder 500 and vice-versa. - The invention having been described in an illustrative manner, it is understood that the terminology used is intended to be in the nature of description rather than of limitation. The various components of the various melting plate candle assemblies described herein may be packaged as an assembled unit, as an unassembled kit including all or a portion of the components, as individual components, and in any combination thereof. Different and various combinations of the above-mentioned components of the various melting plate candle assemblies can also be used in the apparatuses, methods, kits, and combinations herein described. Other variations, modifications, and equivalents of the present invention possible in light of the above teachings are specifically included within the scope of the impending claims.
- A wick holder, according to the present invention, may be used to hold a wick in a predetermined location relative to a fuel element. In one particular application, the wick holder of the present invention may be used with a melting plate candle assembly as generally described herein to maintain a flame on the wick at a height above the level of a liquefied pool of fuel so as to prevent or at least minimize the risk of flash over in the pool of liquefied fuel. Other uses and benefits of the wick holder of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
- Numerous modifications to the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art in view of the foregoing description. Accordingly, this description is to be construed as illustrative only and is presented for the purpose of enabling those skilled in the art to make and use the invention and to teach the best mode of carrying out same. All patents and patent applications cited herein are incorporated by reference in their entireties. The exclusive rights to all modifications that come within the scope of the appended claims are reserved.
Claims (20)
1. A wick holder, comprising:
a base portion defining a cavity on a first side thereof;
a wick retainer disposed on a second side of the base portion opposite the first side;
an opening through the base portion between the first side and the second side; and
a fuel aperture disposed on the second side of the base portion, wherein the fuel aperture is adjacent to the base portion, and wherein the fuel aperture is spaced from the opening.
2. The wick holder of claim 1 further comprising a second aperture defined at an end of the wick retainer distal from the base portion, wherein the second aperture is adapted to allow a portion of a wick to extend therethrough for carrying a flame thereon.
3. The wick holder of claim 1 , wherein a liquefied fuel travels over a portion of the second side of the base portion between the opening and the fuel aperture when a flame is disposed on a wick received by the wick retainer.
4. The wick holder of claim 3 , wherein the base portion comprises a capillary skirt, the capillary skirt at least partly defining the cavity.
5. The wick holder of claim 4 , wherein the wick retainer comprises a retainer sleeve.
6. The wick holder of claim 5 , wherein the fuel aperture is at least partly defined between the base portion and the retainer sleeve.
7. The wick holder of claim 5 , wherein the fuel aperture is disposed through a sidewall of the retainer sleeve.
8. The wick holder of claim 5 further comprising an indentation in a sidewall of the retainer sleeve.
9. The wick holder of claim 4 , wherein the base portion comprises a top plate, and the capillary skirt depends from the top plate.
10. The wick holder of claim 9 , wherein the opening is defined through the top plate.
11. The wick holder of claim 10 further comprising a heat fin extending from the second side of the base portion.
12. The wick holder of claim 11 , wherein the heat fin is attached to the top plate and supports the wick retainer.
13. A wick holder, comprising:
a base portion adapted to form a capillary space above a capillary pedestal;
a wick receiver disposed above the base portion and adapted to retain a wick;
an opening through the base portion adapted to provide fluid communication between the capillary space and a top side of the base portion; and
a fuel aperture defined at least partly by the wick receiver, the fuel aperture disposed above and adjacent to the base portion spaced from the opening;
wherein the fuel aperture is adapted to be in fluid communication with the capillary space; and
wherein the wick holder is adapted to hold a portion of the wick above a pool of liquefied fuel surrounding the capillary pedestal.
14. The wick holder of claim 13 , wherein the base portion comprises a top wall and a capillary skirt depending downwardly from the top wall, and wherein the opening is disposed through the top wall.
15. The wick holder of claim 14 further comprising a heat fin extending upwardly from the top wall, wherein the heat fin carries the wick receiver.
16. The wick holder of claim 15 , wherein the fuel aperture is defined between the top wall and the wick receiver.
17. The wick holder of claim 16 , wherein the wick receiver comprises a tubular retainer sleeve.
18. A wick assembly comprising a wick and a wick holder, the wick holder comprising:
a base portion;
a heat fin extending upwardly from a top side of the base portion;
a wick receiver disposed above the top side of the base portion;
the wick carried by the wick receiver with the wick disposed above the base portion;
a fluid path defined through the base portion, the fluid path extending between a supply area of liquefied fuel below the base portion and the top side of the base portion; and
a second fluid path extending from the wick and disposed above the base portion;
wherein the first fluid path is spaced from the second fluid path, and the first fluid path and the second fluid path provide fluid communication between the supply area and the wick.
19. The wick assembly of claim 18 , wherein the base portion comprises a capillary skirt extending downwardly from an outer periphery of a top wall, the capillary skirt and the top wall at least partly defining the supply area of liquefied fuel, wherein the first fluid path comprises an opening through the top wall, and the second fluid path comprises a lateral opening defined by a portion of the wick receiver.
20. The wick assembly of claim 19 further comprising a second heat fin extending upwardly from the top side of the base portion and spaced from the first heat fin, the wick receiver comprising a barrel spaced above the top wall and carried by the first heat fin and the second heat fin, and the barrel comprising and indentation to retain the wick.
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/291,280 US20060084021A1 (en) | 2004-09-10 | 2005-12-01 | Wick holder |
US11/355,585 US7699603B2 (en) | 1999-12-21 | 2006-02-16 | Multisensory candle assembly |
US11/485,585 US20070020573A1 (en) | 1999-12-21 | 2006-07-12 | Candle assembly with light emitting system |
PCT/US2006/046057 WO2007064923A1 (en) | 2005-12-01 | 2006-12-01 | Wick holder |
CA002630819A CA2630819A1 (en) | 2005-12-01 | 2006-12-01 | Wick holder |
EP06838817A EP1969288A1 (en) | 2005-12-01 | 2006-12-01 | Wick holder |
US11/821,002 US7637737B2 (en) | 1999-12-21 | 2007-06-21 | Candle assembly with light emitting system |
Applications Claiming Priority (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/938,434 US7524187B2 (en) | 2004-09-10 | 2004-09-10 | Wick holder locking mechanism |
US10/938,453 US7413435B2 (en) | 2004-09-10 | 2004-09-10 | Fuel delivery method for melting plate candle |
US10/978,744 US7229280B2 (en) | 2004-09-10 | 2004-11-01 | Wick holder magnetic retention means |
US11/123,461 US7442036B2 (en) | 2004-09-10 | 2005-05-06 | Candle assembly and wick holder with improved capillary well for ensuring sustainable relight |
US11/124,313 US7318724B2 (en) | 2004-09-10 | 2005-05-06 | Wick holder and wick assembly for candle assembly |
US11/123,372 US7467945B2 (en) | 2004-09-10 | 2005-05-06 | Candle assembly and fuel element therefor |
US11/291,280 US20060084021A1 (en) | 2004-09-10 | 2005-12-01 | Wick holder |
Related Parent Applications (4)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/938,453 Continuation-In-Part US7413435B2 (en) | 1999-12-21 | 2004-09-10 | Fuel delivery method for melting plate candle |
US11/123,461 Continuation-In-Part US7442036B2 (en) | 1999-12-21 | 2005-05-06 | Candle assembly and wick holder with improved capillary well for ensuring sustainable relight |
US11/123,372 Continuation-In-Part US7467945B2 (en) | 1999-12-21 | 2005-05-06 | Candle assembly and fuel element therefor |
US11/124,313 Continuation-In-Part US7318724B2 (en) | 1999-12-21 | 2005-05-06 | Wick holder and wick assembly for candle assembly |
Related Child Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/355,585 Continuation-In-Part US7699603B2 (en) | 1999-12-21 | 2006-02-16 | Multisensory candle assembly |
US11/821,002 Continuation-In-Part US7637737B2 (en) | 1999-12-21 | 2007-06-21 | Candle assembly with light emitting system |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20060084021A1 true US20060084021A1 (en) | 2006-04-20 |
Family
ID=37781840
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/291,280 Abandoned US20060084021A1 (en) | 1999-12-21 | 2005-12-01 | Wick holder |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20060084021A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1969288A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2630819A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2007064923A1 (en) |
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US20040229180A1 (en) * | 1999-12-21 | 2004-11-18 | Furner Paul E. | Melting plate candles |
US20050208447A1 (en) * | 2004-02-17 | 2005-09-22 | Kubicek Chris A | Melting plate with capillary lobe having a peaked apex and complementary fuel element for a candle assembly |
US20050271994A1 (en) * | 2004-02-17 | 2005-12-08 | Furner Paul E | Candle assembly including a fuel element and a wick holder |
US20060057522A1 (en) * | 2004-09-10 | 2006-03-16 | Kubicek Chris A | Candle assembly and wick holder with improved capillary well for ensuring sustainable relight |
US20060057525A1 (en) * | 2004-09-10 | 2006-03-16 | Adair Joel E | Heat exchange method for melting plate candle |
US20060057530A1 (en) * | 2004-09-10 | 2006-03-16 | Kubicek Chris A | Fuel charge for melting plate candle assembly and method of supplying liquefied fuel to a wick |
US20060057527A1 (en) * | 2004-09-10 | 2006-03-16 | Adair Joel E | Heat exchange method for melting plate candle |
US20060057521A1 (en) * | 2004-09-10 | 2006-03-16 | Kubicek Chris A | Candle assembly and fuel element therefor |
US20060057524A1 (en) * | 2004-09-10 | 2006-03-16 | Jameson Elizabeth J | Fuel delivery method for melting plate candle |
US20060057528A1 (en) * | 2004-09-10 | 2006-03-16 | Kubicek Chris A | Candle holder with improved air flow |
US20060057529A1 (en) * | 2004-09-10 | 2006-03-16 | Kubicek Chris A | Wick holder and wick assembly for candle assembly |
US20060093979A1 (en) * | 2004-11-01 | 2006-05-04 | Varanasi Padma P | Container candle |
US20060093980A1 (en) * | 2004-09-10 | 2006-05-04 | Kubicek Chris A | Candleholder with a melting plate alignment feature |
US20060263734A1 (en) * | 2004-02-17 | 2006-11-23 | S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc. | Multi-piece candle fuel element |
US20070015096A1 (en) * | 2005-07-15 | 2007-01-18 | Soller Douglas A | Candle assembly including a fuel element with a locating recess and a melting plate with a locating protrusion |
US20070020573A1 (en) * | 1999-12-21 | 2007-01-25 | Furner Paul E | Candle assembly with light emitting system |
US20070020574A1 (en) * | 2005-07-20 | 2007-01-25 | Kubicek Chris A | Wick-holder assembly |
US20070026352A1 (en) * | 2000-12-22 | 2007-02-01 | Kubicek Chris A | Candle and wick holder therefore |
US20070037108A1 (en) * | 2004-02-17 | 2007-02-15 | Kubicek Chris A | Multi-piece candle fuel element |
US20070287115A1 (en) * | 2004-09-10 | 2007-12-13 | Kubicek Chris A | Wick holder magnetic retention means |
US20070292812A1 (en) * | 1999-12-21 | 2007-12-20 | Furner Paul E | Candle assembly with light emitting system |
US20070292813A1 (en) * | 1999-12-21 | 2007-12-20 | Adair Joel E | Heat exchange method for melting plate candle |
US20080015894A1 (en) * | 2006-07-17 | 2008-01-17 | Walgreen Co. | Health Risk Assessment Of A Medication Therapy Regimen |
US7699603B2 (en) | 1999-12-21 | 2010-04-20 | S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc. | Multisensory candle assembly |
US20100112503A1 (en) * | 2008-10-13 | 2010-05-06 | Daniel Masterson | Large flame torch with textured flame bowl |
US20130101946A1 (en) * | 2008-06-13 | 2013-04-25 | Daniel Masterson | Fuel Management of a Melting Fuel |
US8573967B2 (en) | 2010-10-01 | 2013-11-05 | S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc. | Candle assembly and fuel element therefor |
US20140370450A1 (en) * | 2013-06-18 | 2014-12-18 | Nitin Sharma | Candle Dispenser |
US9885475B2 (en) | 2008-06-13 | 2018-02-06 | Masterson Enterprises, Inc. | Wax burning system |
WO2018093336A1 (en) * | 2016-11-15 | 2018-05-24 | Gantar Gasper | Wick holder |
USD832471S1 (en) * | 2015-09-02 | 2018-10-30 | Voss Solo 401k Trust | Football trophy candle |
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