US20060089069A1 - Simulated rip stop fabrics - Google Patents
Simulated rip stop fabrics Download PDFInfo
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- US20060089069A1 US20060089069A1 US10/974,898 US97489804A US2006089069A1 US 20060089069 A1 US20060089069 A1 US 20060089069A1 US 97489804 A US97489804 A US 97489804A US 2006089069 A1 US2006089069 A1 US 2006089069A1
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- fabric
- yarns
- rip stop
- garment
- fibers
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D1/00—Woven fabrics designed to make specified articles
- D03D1/0035—Protective fabrics
- D03D1/0041—Cut or abrasion resistant
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
- A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
- A41D31/08—Heat resistant; Fire retardant
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
- D03D15/40—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the structure of the yarns or threads
- D03D15/43—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the structure of the yarns or threads with differing diameters
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
- D03D15/50—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads
- D03D15/513—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads heat-resistant or fireproof
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
- D10B2331/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides
- D10B2331/021—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides aromatic polyamides, e.g. aramides
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
- Y10T442/3065—Including strand which is of specific structural definition
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
- Y10T442/3065—Including strand which is of specific structural definition
- Y10T442/3089—Cross-sectional configuration of strand material is specified
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
- Y10T442/3179—Woven fabric is characterized by a particular or differential weave other than fabric in which the strand denier or warp/weft pick count is specified
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
- Y10T442/3179—Woven fabric is characterized by a particular or differential weave other than fabric in which the strand denier or warp/weft pick count is specified
- Y10T442/3293—Warp and weft are identical and contain at least two chemically different strand materials
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
- Y10T442/3179—Woven fabric is characterized by a particular or differential weave other than fabric in which the strand denier or warp/weft pick count is specified
- Y10T442/3301—Coated, impregnated, or autogenous bonded
- Y10T442/3317—Woven fabric contains synthetic polymeric strand material
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
- Y10T442/3976—Including strand which is stated to have specific attributes [e.g., heat or fire resistance, chemical or solvent resistance, high absorption for aqueous composition, water solubility, heat shrinkability, etc.]
- Y10T442/3984—Strand is other than glass and is heat or fire resistant
Definitions
- Turnout gear normally comprises various garments including, for instance, coveralls, trousers, and jackets. These garments usually include several layers of material including, for example, an outer shell that protects the wearer from flames, a moisture barrier that prevents the ingress of water into the garment, and a thermal barrier that insulates the wearer from extreme heat.
- the outer shells of firefighter turnout gear further provide protection from sharp objects.
- the outer shell must withstand exposure to flame and excessive heat and must be resistant to tearing, it must be constructed of a flame resistant material that is both strong and durable.
- a rip stop weave is a weave that includes a grid of multiple ends and picks that are woven side-by-side along the fabric to reduce the propagation of tears and, therefore, increase the fabric strength.
- Common rip stop weaves include two-end and three-end rip stop weaves in which two or three ends/picks, respectively, are woven along with each other intermittently throughout the fabric.
- the rips can adversely affect the appearance of the fabric.
- the rips can be higher tensioned during the weaving processes relative to the other yarns of the fabric, resulting in undesired puckering.
- the fibers of the rips can “fibrillate” at the cross-over points, i.e., the points in the fabric at which the rips of one direction of the fabric cross over the rips of the other direction of the fabric.
- Such fibrillation results in small fibrils being formed that extend from the shafts of the fibers in the rips. Those fibrils can create a frosted appearance for the fabric along the rip stop grid and, therefore, a non-uniform color across the fabric.
- a simulated rip stop fabric includes a plurality of body yarns that form a body of the fabric, and a plurality of pseudo rip stop yarns that are provided individually in discrete portions of the fabric body so as to form a grid pattern, the psuedo rip stop yarns comprising at least three individual yarns that are plied together.
- FIG. 1 is a rear view of an example protective garment that includes a simulated rip stop fabric.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a simulated rip stop fabric that can be used in the construction of the garment of FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of a body yarn that can be used to construct the fabric of FIG. 2 .
- FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of a first embodiment of a pseudo rip stop yarn that can be used to construct the fabric of FIG. 2 .
- FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of a second embodiment of a pseudo rip stop yarn that can be used to construct the fabric of FIG. 2 .
- the pseudo rip stop yarn can comprise a plied yarn having from 3 to 7 single yarns that are twisted together.
- FIG. 1 illustrates an example protective garment 100 . More particularly, FIG. 1 illustrates a firefighter turnout coat that can be donned by firefighter personnel when exposed to flames and extreme heat. It is noted that, although a firefighter turnout coat is shown in the figure and is described herein, embodiments of this disclosure pertain to garments and fabrics generally. Accordingly, the identification of firefighter turnout gear is not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure.
- the garment 100 generally comprises an outer shell 102 that forms the exterior surface of the garment, a moisture barrier 104 that forms an intermediate layer of the garment, and a thermal liner 106 that forms the interior surface (i.e., the surface that contacts the wearer) of the garment.
- the outer shell 102 preferably is constructed so as to be flame resistant to protect the wearer against being burned.
- the outer shell 102 preferably is strong and durable so as to be resistant to abrasion and tearing during use in hazardous environments.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic detail view of an example blended outer shell fabric 200 that can be used in the construction of the protective garment 100 , and more particularly the outer shell 102 shown in FIG. 1 . It is noted, however, that the fabric 200 could be used in the construction of other garments, either by itself or in combination with other fabrics.
- the example fabric 200 illustrated in FIG. 2 is a plain weave fabric that simulates rip stop fabrics. Accordingly, the fabric 200 may be referred to as a simulated rip stop fabric.
- the fabric 200 comprises a plurality of body yarns 206 , including picks 202 and ends 204 , and a plurality of pseudo rip stop yarns 208 .
- the fabric 200 comprises a blend of inherently flame resistant materials. This blend can comprise a single type of inherently flame resistant fibers, or a blend of two or more different types of inherently flame resistant fibers.
- the yarns of the fabric 200 including one or more of the picks 202 , ends 204 , and pseudo rip stop yarns 208 , comprise a blend of para-aramid fibers and meta-aramid fibers.
- Example blends of those materials include blends that comprise about 40% to about 60% para-aramid, and about 40% to about 60% meta-aramid.
- one preferred embodiment comprises a 50/50 blend of para-aramid and meta-aramid fibers.
- Example para-aramid fibers include those that are currently available under the trademarks KEVLAR® (DuPont) and TECHNORA® and TWARON® (Teijin).
- Example meta-aramid fibers include those sold under the tradenames NOMEX T-450® (100% meta-aramid), NOMEX T-455® (a blend of 95% NOMEX® and 5% KEVLAR®), and NOMEX T-462® (a blend of 93% NOMEX®, 5% KEVLAR®, and 2% anti-static carbon/nylon), each of which is produced by DuPont.
- Example meta-aramid fibers also include fibers that are currently available under the trademark CONEX®, which is produced by Teijin.
- metal-aramid fibers is intended to include NOMEX® T-462 fibers, which, as is noted above, comprise relatively small amounts of para-aramid fiber and anti-static fiber in addition to fibers composed of meta-aramid material.
- para-aramid and meta-aramid fibers have been explicitly identified above, other inherently flame resistant fibers may be used to construct the fabric, including, for example, polybenzoxazole (PBO), polybenzimidazole (PBI), melamine, polyamide, polyimide, polyimideamide, and modacrylic.
- PBO polybenzoxazole
- PBI polybenzimidazole
- melamine polyamide
- polyimide polyimideamide
- modacrylic modacrylic
- the fabric 200 may comprise fibers that are made of material that, although not naturally flame resistant, can be made flame resistant through application or addition of a suitable flame retardant.
- suitable flame retardant examples include flame resistant cellulosic materials, such as FR rayon, FR acetate, FR triacetate, and FR lyocell.
- non-flame resistant fibers may be used to construct the fabric 200 .
- the body yarns 206 typically comprise spun yarns that, for example, each comprise a single yarn or two or more individual yarns that are plied, twisted, or otherwise combined together.
- the body yarns 206 comprise one or more yarns that each have a yarn count (or “cotton count”) in the range of approximately 10 to 40 cc.
- the body yarns 206 can comprise two yarns that are twisted together, each having a yarn count in the range of approximately 10 to 25 cc.
- each body yarn 206 comprises two yarns, each having a yarn count of 21 cc (i.e., a 21/2 yarn).
- FIG. 3 illustrates an example embodiment 300 for a body yarn 206 . As is indicated in that figure, the body yarn embodiment 300 includes two individual yarns 302 that are twisted together.
- the pseudo rip stop yarns 208 can comprise spun yarns that are similar to the body yarns 206 , but are larger in terms of yarn count and/or diameter.
- the pseudo rip stop yarns 208 comprise plied yarns that include at least three individual yarns that are combined together.
- An example embodiment 400 for the pseudo rip stop yarns 208 is illustrated in FIG. 4 .
- the pseudo rip stop yarn embodiment 400 includes a plurality of individual yarns 402 that are twisted together. The degree of twist can be varied to suit the application. In some embodiments, the pseudo rip stop yarn 208 has a twist multiple of about 2 to about 5.
- each of the individual yarns 402 has a yarn count of about 10 to about 40 cc, and 3 to 7 such yarns are twisted together to form the plied yarn.
- the pseudo rip stop yarns 208 have a yarn count from about 2 cc to about 6 cc.
- each pseudo rip stop yarn 208 comprises 4 or 5 yarns each having a cotton count of 21 (i.e., a 21/4 or 21/5 yarn).
- the pseudo rip stop yarns 208 can comprise cabled yarns.
- Such cabled yarns comprise two or more plied yarns (i.e., yarns that incorporate two or more individual yarns) that are plied together to form a cable.
- two 21/2 plied yarns could be plied together to form a pseudo rip stop yarn 208 .
- An embodiment 500 of such a cabled yarn is shown in FIG. 5 .
- the cabled yarn embodiment 500 comprises two plied yarns 502 that are plied together.
- each plied yarn 502 comprises two individual yarns 504 .
- the placement of the pseudo rip stop yarns 208 within the fabric 200 can be varied depending upon the desired physical properties.
- the pseudo rip stop yarns 208 are provided within the fabric 200 in a grid pattern in which several body yarns 206 are placed between each consecutive pseudo rip stop yarn 208 in both the warp and filling directions of the fabric.
- a single pseudo rip stop yarn 208 is provided in the fabric 200 in both the warp and filling directions of the fabric for every about 7 to about 14 body yarns 206 .
- the grid pattern forms a plurality of squares. To accomplish this, a greater number of body yarns 206 may need to be provided between consecutive pseudo rip stop yarns 208 in the one direction as compared to the other direction.
- the fabric 200 has a weight of about 5 to about 9 ounces per square yard (osy). In one preferred embodiment, the fabric 200 has a weight of about 7.5 osy.
- the fabric 200 can be colored to suit the application. Such coloring can be achieved in various ways.
- the fibers that are used to construct the fabric 200 are producer colored.
- Producer coloring which is also referred to as solution dyeing, is a method in which color pigment is added to the solution from which the fibers are spun.
- One advantage of producer coloring is that the entirety of the fibers, both inside and out, are colored. This can result in deeper, more colorfast fabric shades.
- the fibers, yarns, or fabric 200 can be dyed using any one of various dyeing methods.
- the fabric 200 can be piece dyed using an exhaust process, such as jet dyeing.
- the fabric was formed as a plain weave fabric (see, e.g., FIG. 2 ) having 56 ends per inch and 41 picks per inch, with 9 ends provided between each pseudo rip stop yarn in the warp direction, and 9 picks provided between each pseudo rip stop yarn in the filling direction.
- the body yarns of the fabric comprised two 50/50 KEVLAR®/NOMEX® yarns each having a yarn count of 21 cc (i.e., 21/2 yarns), while the pseudo rip stop yarns comprised five 50/50 KEVLAR®/NOMEX® yarns each having a yarn count of 21 cc (i.e., a 21/5 yarn).
- the example fabric was evaluated in terms of aesthetic appearance, and was compared to a black, producer-colored 50/50 KEVLAR®/NOMEX® three-end rip stop fabric. This comparison revealed that the example fabric (i.e., the simulated rip stop) exhibited significantly less puckering and greater color uniformity as compared to the rip stop fabric. Although the reasons for this improvement have not been scientifically verified, it appears that use of the pseudo rip stop yarns of the simulated rip stop fabric reduces puckering because the pseudo rip stop yarns are smaller than the bundled sets of picks and ends that form the rips of the rip stop fabric and, therefore, are less disruptive to the fabric.
- the pseudo rip stop yarns are tensioned more uniformly relative to the remainder of the fabric during weaving as compared to rips of rip stop weaves due to the repetitive nature of the plain weaving process.
- rip stop weaving processes comprise periodic pauses or hesitations that cause greater variation in tension between the rips and the remainder of the fabric.
- the pseudo rip stop yarns are further believed to improve color uniformity because, given that the pseudo rip stop yarns are smaller than the bundled rips of the rip stop fabric, less damage is caused to the fibers of pseudo rip stop yarns at the cross-over points, thereby resulting in less fibrillation and the non-uniformity that such fibritation causes.
Abstract
Disclosed are simulated rip stop fabrics. In one embodiment, a simulated rip stop fabric includes a plurality of body yarns that form a body of the fabric, and a plurality of pseudo rip stop yarns that are provided individually in discrete portions of the fabric body so as to form a grid pattern, the psuedo rip stop yarns comprising at least three individual yarns that are plied together.
Description
- Firefighters typically wear protective garments commonly referred to in the industry as turnout gear. Turnout gear normally comprises various garments including, for instance, coveralls, trousers, and jackets. These garments usually include several layers of material including, for example, an outer shell that protects the wearer from flames, a moisture barrier that prevents the ingress of water into the garment, and a thermal barrier that insulates the wearer from extreme heat.
- In addition to shielding the wearer from flames, the outer shells of firefighter turnout gear further provide protection from sharp objects. In that the outer shell must withstand exposure to flame and excessive heat and must be resistant to tearing, it must be constructed of a flame resistant material that is both strong and durable.
- One common method for increasing the strength or tear resistance of a fabric, including outer shell fabrics, is to form what is called a rip stop weave. A rip stop weave is a weave that includes a grid of multiple ends and picks that are woven side-by-side along the fabric to reduce the propagation of tears and, therefore, increase the fabric strength. Common rip stop weaves include two-end and three-end rip stop weaves in which two or three ends/picks, respectively, are woven along with each other intermittently throughout the fabric.
- Although the provision of such rips increases the strength of the fabric, the rips can adversely affect the appearance of the fabric. For example, the rips can be higher tensioned during the weaving processes relative to the other yarns of the fabric, resulting in undesired puckering. Furthermore, the fibers of the rips can “fibrillate” at the cross-over points, i.e., the points in the fabric at which the rips of one direction of the fabric cross over the rips of the other direction of the fabric. Such fibrillation results in small fibrils being formed that extend from the shafts of the fibers in the rips. Those fibrils can create a frosted appearance for the fabric along the rip stop grid and, therefore, a non-uniform color across the fabric.
- In view of the above, it would be desirable to be able to produce outer shell fabrics, and other fabrics, that are highly tear resistant, but which are not rip stop fabrics.
- Disclosed are simulated rip stop fabrics. In one embodiment, a simulated rip stop fabric includes a plurality of body yarns that form a body of the fabric, and a plurality of pseudo rip stop yarns that are provided individually in discrete portions of the fabric body so as to form a grid pattern, the psuedo rip stop yarns comprising at least three individual yarns that are plied together.
- The disclosed fabrics can be better understood with reference to the following drawings. The components in the drawings are not necessarily to scale.
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FIG. 1 is a rear view of an example protective garment that includes a simulated rip stop fabric. -
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a simulated rip stop fabric that can be used in the construction of the garment ofFIG. 1 . -
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of a body yarn that can be used to construct the fabric ofFIG. 2 . -
FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of a first embodiment of a pseudo rip stop yarn that can be used to construct the fabric ofFIG. 2 . -
FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of a second embodiment of a pseudo rip stop yarn that can be used to construct the fabric ofFIG. 2 . - As is described in the foregoing, it would be desirable to be able to provide fabrics that are highly resistant to tearing, but that are not rip stop fabrics. As is described in the following, such a result can be achieved by substituting individual pseudo-rip stop yarns for the multiple rip stop yarns (or “rips”) that are provided in typical rip stop weaves. Through such substitution, problems that may be encountered with rip stop weaves, such as puckering and color non-uniformity, can be reduced or avoided completely. As is described in greater detail below, the pseudo rip stop yarn can comprise a plied yarn having from 3 to 7 single yarns that are twisted together.
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FIG. 1 illustrates an exampleprotective garment 100. More particularly,FIG. 1 illustrates a firefighter turnout coat that can be donned by firefighter personnel when exposed to flames and extreme heat. It is noted that, although a firefighter turnout coat is shown in the figure and is described herein, embodiments of this disclosure pertain to garments and fabrics generally. Accordingly, the identification of firefighter turnout gear is not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure. - As is indicated in
FIG. 1 , thegarment 100 generally comprises anouter shell 102 that forms the exterior surface of the garment, amoisture barrier 104 that forms an intermediate layer of the garment, and athermal liner 106 that forms the interior surface (i.e., the surface that contacts the wearer) of the garment. In that it forms the exterior surface of thegarment 100, theouter shell 102 preferably is constructed so as to be flame resistant to protect the wearer against being burned. In addition, theouter shell 102 preferably is strong and durable so as to be resistant to abrasion and tearing during use in hazardous environments. -
FIG. 2 is a schematic detail view of an example blendedouter shell fabric 200 that can be used in the construction of theprotective garment 100, and more particularly theouter shell 102 shown inFIG. 1 . It is noted, however, that thefabric 200 could be used in the construction of other garments, either by itself or in combination with other fabrics. Theexample fabric 200 illustrated inFIG. 2 is a plain weave fabric that simulates rip stop fabrics. Accordingly, thefabric 200 may be referred to as a simulated rip stop fabric. - The
fabric 200 comprises a plurality ofbody yarns 206, includingpicks 202 andends 204, and a plurality of pseudorip stop yarns 208. In some embodiments, thefabric 200 comprises a blend of inherently flame resistant materials. This blend can comprise a single type of inherently flame resistant fibers, or a blend of two or more different types of inherently flame resistant fibers. By way of example, the yarns of thefabric 200, including one or more of thepicks 202,ends 204, and pseudorip stop yarns 208, comprise a blend of para-aramid fibers and meta-aramid fibers. Example blends of those materials include blends that comprise about 40% to about 60% para-aramid, and about 40% to about 60% meta-aramid. For instance, one preferred embodiment comprises a 50/50 blend of para-aramid and meta-aramid fibers. - Example para-aramid fibers include those that are currently available under the trademarks KEVLAR® (DuPont) and TECHNORA® and TWARON® (Teijin). Example meta-aramid fibers include those sold under the tradenames NOMEX T-450® (100% meta-aramid), NOMEX T-455® (a blend of 95% NOMEX® and 5% KEVLAR®), and NOMEX T-462® (a blend of 93% NOMEX®, 5% KEVLAR®, and 2% anti-static carbon/nylon), each of which is produced by DuPont. Example meta-aramid fibers also include fibers that are currently available under the trademark CONEX®, which is produced by Teijin.
- It is noted that, for purposes of the present disclosure, when a material name is used herein, the material referred to, although primarily comprising the named material, may not be limited to only the named material. For instance, the term “meta-aramid fibers” is intended to include NOMEX® T-462 fibers, which, as is noted above, comprise relatively small amounts of para-aramid fiber and anti-static fiber in addition to fibers composed of meta-aramid material.
- While para-aramid and meta-aramid fibers have been explicitly identified above, other inherently flame resistant fibers may be used to construct the fabric, including, for example, polybenzoxazole (PBO), polybenzimidazole (PBI), melamine, polyamide, polyimide, polyimideamide, and modacrylic.
- Notably, materials that are not inherently flame resistant can also be used to construct the
fabric 200, if desired. For instance, thefabric 200 may comprise fibers that are made of material that, although not naturally flame resistant, can be made flame resistant through application or addition of a suitable flame retardant. Examples of such materials include flame resistant cellulosic materials, such as FR rayon, FR acetate, FR triacetate, and FR lyocell. Moreover, in cases in which flame resistance is not needed, non-flame resistant fibers may be used to construct thefabric 200. - The
body yarns 206 typically comprise spun yarns that, for example, each comprise a single yarn or two or more individual yarns that are plied, twisted, or otherwise combined together. By way of example, thebody yarns 206 comprise one or more yarns that each have a yarn count (or “cotton count”) in the range of approximately 10 to 40 cc. In some embodiments, thebody yarns 206 can comprise two yarns that are twisted together, each having a yarn count in the range of approximately 10 to 25 cc. In one preferred embodiment, eachbody yarn 206 comprises two yarns, each having a yarn count of 21 cc (i.e., a 21/2 yarn).FIG. 3 illustrates anexample embodiment 300 for abody yarn 206. As is indicated in that figure, thebody yarn embodiment 300 includes twoindividual yarns 302 that are twisted together. - The pseudo
rip stop yarns 208 can comprise spun yarns that are similar to thebody yarns 206, but are larger in terms of yarn count and/or diameter. The pseudorip stop yarns 208 comprise plied yarns that include at least three individual yarns that are combined together. Anexample embodiment 400 for the pseudorip stop yarns 208 is illustrated inFIG. 4 . As is apparent fromFIG. 4 , the pseudo rip stopyarn embodiment 400 includes a plurality ofindividual yarns 402 that are twisted together. The degree of twist can be varied to suit the application. In some embodiments, the pseudorip stop yarn 208 has a twist multiple of about 2 to about 5. By way of example, each of theindividual yarns 402 has a yarn count of about 10 to about 40 cc, and 3 to 7 such yarns are twisted together to form the plied yarn. In such a case, the pseudorip stop yarns 208 have a yarn count from about 2 cc to about 6 cc. In one preferred embodiment, each pseudorip stop yarn 208 comprises 4 or 5 yarns each having a cotton count of 21 (i.e., a 21/4 or 21/5 yarn). - It is noted that alternative constructions are possible for the pseudo
rip stop yarns 208. For instance, the pseudorip stop yarns 208 can comprise cabled yarns. Such cabled yarns comprise two or more plied yarns (i.e., yarns that incorporate two or more individual yarns) that are plied together to form a cable. For instance, two 21/2 plied yarns could be plied together to form a pseudorip stop yarn 208. Anembodiment 500 of such a cabled yarn is shown inFIG. 5 . As is indicated in that figure, the cabledyarn embodiment 500 comprises two pliedyarns 502 that are plied together. In the example ofFIG. 5 , each pliedyarn 502 comprises twoindividual yarns 504. - The placement of the pseudo
rip stop yarns 208 within thefabric 200 can be varied depending upon the desired physical properties. In the embodiment shown inFIG. 2 , the pseudorip stop yarns 208 are provided within thefabric 200 in a grid pattern in whichseveral body yarns 206 are placed between each consecutive pseudorip stop yarn 208 in both the warp and filling directions of the fabric. By way of example, a single pseudorip stop yarn 208 is provided in thefabric 200 in both the warp and filling directions of the fabric for every about 7 to about 14body yarns 206. In some embodiments, the grid pattern forms a plurality of squares. To accomplish this, a greater number ofbody yarns 206 may need to be provided between consecutive pseudorip stop yarns 208 in the one direction as compared to the other direction. - With the constructions described above, the
fabric 200 has a weight of about 5 to about 9 ounces per square yard (osy). In one preferred embodiment, thefabric 200 has a weight of about 7.5 osy. - The
fabric 200 can be colored to suit the application. Such coloring can be achieved in various ways. In some embodiments, the fibers that are used to construct thefabric 200 are producer colored. Producer coloring, which is also referred to as solution dyeing, is a method in which color pigment is added to the solution from which the fibers are spun. One advantage of producer coloring is that the entirety of the fibers, both inside and out, are colored. This can result in deeper, more colorfast fabric shades. - In other embodiments, the fibers, yarns, or
fabric 200 can be dyed using any one of various dyeing methods. By way of example, thefabric 200 can be piece dyed using an exhaust process, such as jet dyeing. - A pre-blend of black, producer-colored N310 from DuPont, which comprises a 50/50 blend of KEVLAR® (para-aramid) and NOMEX® (meta-aramid), was constructed having a fabric weight of approximately 7.5 osy. The fabric was formed as a plain weave fabric (see, e.g.,
FIG. 2 ) having 56 ends per inch and 41 picks per inch, with 9 ends provided between each pseudo rip stop yarn in the warp direction, and 9 picks provided between each pseudo rip stop yarn in the filling direction. The body yarns of the fabric comprised two 50/50 KEVLAR®/NOMEX® yarns each having a yarn count of 21 cc (i.e., 21/2 yarns), while the pseudo rip stop yarns comprised five 50/50 KEVLAR®/NOMEX® yarns each having a yarn count of 21 cc (i.e., a 21/5 yarn). - The example fabric was evaluated in terms of aesthetic appearance, and was compared to a black, producer-colored 50/50 KEVLAR®/NOMEX® three-end rip stop fabric. This comparison revealed that the example fabric (i.e., the simulated rip stop) exhibited significantly less puckering and greater color uniformity as compared to the rip stop fabric. Although the reasons for this improvement have not been scientifically verified, it appears that use of the pseudo rip stop yarns of the simulated rip stop fabric reduces puckering because the pseudo rip stop yarns are smaller than the bundled sets of picks and ends that form the rips of the rip stop fabric and, therefore, are less disruptive to the fabric. In addition, the pseudo rip stop yarns are tensioned more uniformly relative to the remainder of the fabric during weaving as compared to rips of rip stop weaves due to the repetitive nature of the plain weaving process. In contrast, rip stop weaving processes comprise periodic pauses or hesitations that cause greater variation in tension between the rips and the remainder of the fabric.
- The pseudo rip stop yarns are further believed to improve color uniformity because, given that the pseudo rip stop yarns are smaller than the bundled rips of the rip stop fabric, less damage is caused to the fibers of pseudo rip stop yarns at the cross-over points, thereby resulting in less fibrillation and the non-uniformity that such fibritation causes.
- While particular embodiments of fabrics have been disclosed in detail in the foregoing description and drawings for purposes of example, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that variations and modifications thereof can be made without departing from the scope of the disclosure.
Claims (36)
1. A simulated rip stop fabric, comprising:
a plurality of body yarns that form a body of the fabric; and
a plurality of pseudo rip stop yarns that are provided individually in discrete portions of the fabric body so as to form a grid pattern, the psuedo rip stop yarns comprising at least three individual yarns that are plied together.
2. The fabric of claim 1 , wherein the body yarns comprise two individual yarns that are plied together.
3. The fabric of claim 1 , wherein the body yarns comprise para-aramid and meta-aramid fibers.
4. The fabric of claim 3 , wherein the body yarns comprise from about 40% to about 60% para-aramid fibers and from about 40% to about 60% meta-aramid fibers.
5. The fabric of claim 1 , wherein the pseudo rip stop yarns comprise para-aramid and meta-aramid fibers.
6. The fabric of claim 5 , wherein the pseudo rip stop yarns comprise from about 40% to about 60% para-aramid fibers and from about 40% to about 60% meta-aramid fibers.
7. The fabric of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the body yarns and the pseudo rip stop yarns comprise polybenzoxazole (PBO) fibers.
8. The fabric of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the body yarns and the pseudo rip stop yarns comprise polybenzimidazole (PBI) fibers.
9. The fabric of claim 1 , wherein the pseudo rip stop yarns comprise 3 to 7 individual yarns that are plied together.
10. The fabric of claim 1 , wherein the pseudo rip stop yarns comprise 4 individual yarns that are plied together.
11. The fabric of claim 1 , wherein the pseudo rip stop yarns comprise 5 individual yarns that are plied together.
12. The fabric of claim 1 , wherein the pseudo rip stop yarns have a yarn count from about 2 cc to about 6 cc.
13. The fabric of claim 1 , wherein the pseudo rip stop yarns comprise cabled yarns.
14. The fabric of claim 1 , wherein the fabric comprises a single pseudo rip stop yarn every about 7 to about 14 body yarns in both directions of the fabric.
15. The fabric of claim 1 , wherein the fabric has a weight of about 5 ounces per square yard (osy) to about 9 osy.
16. The fabric of claim 1 , wherein fibers of the fabric are producer colored.
17. An simulated rip stop fabric suitable for construction of an outer shell of firefighter turnout gear, the fabric comprising:
a plurality of body yarns that form a body of the fabric, the fabric body comprising a plurality of inherently flame resistant fibers; and
a plurality of pseudo rip stop yarns that are provided individually in discrete portions of the fabric body so as to form a grid pattern, the psuedo rip stop yarns having a yarn count from about 3 cc to about 6 cc and comprising 3 to 7 individual yarns that are plied together, the individual yarns comprising a plurality of inherently flame resistant fibers;
wherein the fabric comprises a single pseudo rip stop yarn every about 7 to about 14 body yarns in both directions of the fabric.
18. The fabric of claim 17 , wherein the body yarns comprise two individual yarns that are plied together.
19. The fabric of claim 17 , wherein the inherently flame resistant fibers include para-aramid fibers and meta-aramid fibers.
20. The fabric of claim 19 , wherein the fabric comprises from about 40% to about 60% para-aramid fibers and from about 40% to about 60% meta-aramid fibers.
21. The fabric of claim 17 , wherein the inherently flame resistant fibers include at least one of polybenzoxazole (PBO) and polybenzimidazole (PBI) fibers.
22. The fabric of claim 17 , wherein the pseudo rip stop yarns comprise 4 individual yarns that are plied together.
23. The fabric of claim 17 , wherein the pseudo rip stop yarns comprise 5 individual yarns that are plied together.
24. The fabric of claim 17 , wherein the pseudo rip stop yarns comprise cabled yarns.
25. The fabric of claim 17 , wherein the fabric has a weight of about 6 ounces per square yard (osy) to about 14 osy.
26. The fabric of claim 17 , wherein the inherently flame resistant fibers are producer colored.
27. A firefighter turnout garment, comprising:
a thermal liner that forms an interior surface of the garment;
a moisture barrier that forms an intermediate layer of the garment; and
an outer shell that forms an exterior surface of the garment, the outer shell including a plurality of body yarns that form a body of the fabric and a plurality of pseudo rip stop yarns that are provided individually in discrete portions of the fabric body so as to form a grid pattern, the psuedo rip stop yarns comprising at least three individual yarns that are plied together.
28. The garment of claim 27 , wherein the outer shell comprises from about 40% to about 60% para-aramid fibers and from about 40% to about 60% meta-aramid fibers.
29. The garment of claim 27 , wherein the outer shell comprises at least one of polybenzoxazole (PBO) and polybenzimidazole (PBI) fibers.
30. The garment of claim 27 , wherein the pseudo rip stop yarns comprise 3 to 7 individual yarns that are plied together.
31. The garment of claim 27 , wherein the pseudo rip stop yarns have a yarn count of about 2 cc to about 6 cc.
32. The garment of claim 27 , wherein the pseudo rip stop yarns comprise cabled yarns.
33. The garment of claim 27 , wherein the outer shell comprises a single pseudo rip stop yarn every about 7 to about 14 body yarns in both directions of the garment.
34. The garment of claim 27 , wherein the outer shell has a weight of about 5 ounces per square yard (osy) to about 9 osy.
35. The garment of claim 27 , wherein fibers of the outer shell are producer colored.
36. The garment of claim 27 , wherein the garment is one of a jacket, trousers, and coveralls.
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US10/974,898 US20060089069A1 (en) | 2004-10-27 | 2004-10-27 | Simulated rip stop fabrics |
AT04810436T ATE520809T1 (en) | 2004-10-27 | 2004-11-08 | SIMULATED RIPSTOP FABRIC AND FIREFIGHTER CLOTHING WITH SUCH FABRIC |
ES04810436T ES2369778T3 (en) | 2004-10-27 | 2004-11-08 | FABRIC OF SIMULATED WEAR DETENTION AND GARMENTS FOR FIREFIGHTERS UNDERSTANDING SUCH FABRIC. |
EP20040810436 EP1817450B1 (en) | 2004-10-27 | 2004-11-08 | Simulated rip stop fabric and firefighter garment comprising such a fabric |
PL04810436T PL1817450T3 (en) | 2004-10-27 | 2004-11-08 | Simulated rip stop fabric and firefighter garment comprising such a fabric |
PCT/US2004/037009 WO2006049626A1 (en) | 2004-10-27 | 2004-11-08 | Simulated rip stop fabrics |
CA 2585573 CA2585573C (en) | 2004-10-27 | 2004-11-08 | Simulated rip stop fabrics |
US11/982,749 US20080086798A1 (en) | 2004-10-27 | 2007-11-05 | Simulated rip stop fabrics |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US10/974,898 US20060089069A1 (en) | 2004-10-27 | 2004-10-27 | Simulated rip stop fabrics |
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EP (1) | EP1817450B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE520809T1 (en) |
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ES (1) | ES2369778T3 (en) |
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US20090181588A1 (en) * | 2008-01-15 | 2009-07-16 | Brookwood Companies, Inc. | Breathable, Fire Resistant Fabric Having Liquid Barrier and Water-Repellant Properties |
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US9706804B1 (en) | 2011-07-26 | 2017-07-18 | Milliken & Company | Flame resistant fabric having intermingled flame resistant yarns |
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PL2079332T3 (en) | 2006-08-31 | 2013-08-30 | Southern Mills Inc | Flame resistant fabrics and garments made from same |
WO2010135423A1 (en) * | 2009-05-19 | 2010-11-25 | Southern Mills, Inc. | Flame resistant fabric with anisotropic properties |
US8898821B2 (en) * | 2009-05-19 | 2014-12-02 | Southern Mills, Inc. | Flame resistant fabric with anisotropic properties |
US8333221B2 (en) | 2009-09-18 | 2012-12-18 | The North Face Apparel Corp. | Variegated ripstop |
US20120235433A1 (en) * | 2011-03-18 | 2012-09-20 | Southern Weaving Company | Meta-, para-aramid fiber industrial webbing and slings |
US20120240308A1 (en) * | 2011-03-21 | 2012-09-27 | Ansell Limited | Dyed, coated glove and method of making same |
US9386816B2 (en) | 2012-02-14 | 2016-07-12 | International Textile Group, Inc. | Fire resistant garments containing a high lubricity thermal liner |
US9988745B2 (en) | 2013-09-23 | 2018-06-05 | Milliken & Company | Enhanced char integrity fabric |
CA2930126C (en) | 2015-05-21 | 2023-07-18 | International Textile Group, Inc. | Inner lining fabric |
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US20080086798A1 (en) * | 2004-10-27 | 2008-04-17 | Southern Mills, Inc. | Simulated rip stop fabrics |
US20090181588A1 (en) * | 2008-01-15 | 2009-07-16 | Brookwood Companies, Inc. | Breathable, Fire Resistant Fabric Having Liquid Barrier and Water-Repellant Properties |
US7666802B2 (en) | 2008-01-15 | 2010-02-23 | Brookwood Companies, Inc. | Breathable, fire resistant fabric having liquid barrier and water-repellant properties |
US9706804B1 (en) | 2011-07-26 | 2017-07-18 | Milliken & Company | Flame resistant fabric having intermingled flame resistant yarns |
US10441013B1 (en) | 2011-07-26 | 2019-10-15 | Milliken & Company | Flame resistant fabric having intermingles flame resistant yarns |
WO2014002074A3 (en) * | 2012-06-29 | 2014-07-24 | Aerazur S.A. | Hybrid tank wall for high performance crash resistant tanks |
US9617665B2 (en) | 2012-06-29 | 2017-04-11 | Zodiac Aerosafety Systems | Hybrid tank wall for high performance crash resistant tanks |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1817450A4 (en) | 2009-08-05 |
CA2585573A1 (en) | 2006-05-11 |
PL1817450T3 (en) | 2011-12-30 |
WO2006049626A1 (en) | 2006-05-11 |
ES2369778T3 (en) | 2011-12-05 |
EP1817450A1 (en) | 2007-08-15 |
EP1817450B1 (en) | 2011-08-17 |
US20080086798A1 (en) | 2008-04-17 |
ATE520809T1 (en) | 2011-09-15 |
CA2585573C (en) | 2012-08-14 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: SOUTHERN MILLS, INC., GEORGIA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:ALLEN, MICHAEL BRUCE,;CREECH, MIKE;REEL/FRAME:016430/0044 Effective date: 20050314 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |