US20060094605A1 - Method for producing lubricant additive (variants) - Google Patents
Method for producing lubricant additive (variants) Download PDFInfo
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- US20060094605A1 US20060094605A1 US10/532,416 US53241605A US2006094605A1 US 20060094605 A1 US20060094605 A1 US 20060094605A1 US 53241605 A US53241605 A US 53241605A US 2006094605 A1 US2006094605 A1 US 2006094605A1
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- 0 *N1C(=O)CCC1=O.[5*]C Chemical compound *N1C(=O)CCC1=O.[5*]C 0.000 description 4
- XSXRUEIMJNHYOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L CN(C)C1=S=[Mo]2(=O)(=S)(=S=C(N(C)C)S2)S1 Chemical compound CN(C)C1=S=[Mo]2(=O)(=S)(=S=C(N(C)C)S2)S1 XSXRUEIMJNHYOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M159/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
- C10M159/12—Reaction products
- C10M159/18—Complexes with metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M125/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
- C10M125/22—Compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M177/00—Special methods of preparation of lubricating compositions; Chemical modification by after-treatment of components or of the whole of a lubricating composition, not covered by other classes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
- C10M2201/065—Sulfides; Selenides; Tellurides
- C10M2201/066—Molybdenum sulfide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2227/09—Complexes with metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/12—Groups 6 or 16
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
- C10N2020/055—Particles related characteristics
- C10N2020/06—Particles of special shape or size
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2070/00—Specific manufacturing methods for lubricant compositions
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of petrochemistry, more particularly to molybdenum compounds comprising sulfur and their use as additives in lubricating materials for reducing friction coefficient.
- antifriction additives are introduced into lubricating oils.
- oil-soluble complex molybdenum are used as the friction modifiers, which compounds include sulfur, nitrogen or phosphor atoms as ligands.
- a method is known [2] in which additives to lubricating oils are prepared by reacting a sulfur-comprising organic compound, having an active hydrogen atom, with molybdenum pentachloride.
- the product isolated as a result of the reaction contains 3% of molybdenum and about 1% of chlorine, which is undesirable for ecological reasons and because of the possible corrosive activity of the product.
- a molybdenum-comprising additive to lubricating oils, which exhibits antifriction and antioxidation properties, is prepared as described in US patent [3], in three steps, wherein in the first step a reaction is carried out of a triglyceride of vegetable oil with a nitrogen-comprising compound, then in the second step the product of the first step is reacted with a molybdenum compound, and in the third step the product of the second step is reacted with sulfur or a sulfur-containing compound.
- the relatively complex manner of synthesis should be considered as drawbacks of the method.
- a method in accordance with which an additive to oils is prepared based on a mixture of a friction modifier (nitrogen- or oxygen-comprising organic compound) and a trinuclear sulfur-containing molybdenum complex comprising dithiocarbamine groups as the ligands [6].
- a friction modifier nitrogen- or oxygen-comprising organic compound
- a trinuclear sulfur-containing molybdenum complex comprising dithiocarbamine groups as the ligands [6].
- the most similar analog of the claimed invention is the method [7], in which an antifriction additive is prepared in the form of chemically modified nanosized particles of molybdenum trisulfide.
- the nanosized particles of molybdenum trisulfide are prepared by forming inverted microemulsions of the “water-in-oil” type, stabilized by surfactants, and comprising water-soluble salts of molybdic acid in an aqueous phase, converting them into salts of thiomolybdic acid by reacting with hydrogen sulfide and subsequent isolation of nanosized particles of MoS 3 , preliminarily processed with modifying compounds.
- nanosized particles of molybdenum trisulfide are obtained, which are stable in hydrocarbon media, including oils, and which exhibit high effectiveness as antifriction additives.
- the low technological effectiveness of synthesis of the additive which is related to carrying out the process in strongly diluted organic solutions and to the use of hydrogen sulfide as the reagent, should be considered as drawbacks of this method.
- the object of the proposed invention is to provide a convenient and technological method of preparing an additive for lubricating materials based on chemically modified nanosized particles of molybdenum trisulfide and derivatives thereof.
- a method of preparing additives for lubricating materials based on chemically modified nanosized particles of molybdenum trisulfide and/or derivatives thereof comprises preparing the nanosized particles of molybdenum trisulfide and/or derivatives thereof from salts of thiomolybdic acid of the general formula M 2 MoS 4-x O x , where M is NH 4 , Na, x is 0-3, in the presence of two modifiers, where tetraalkylammonium salts of the general formula R 1 R 2 R 3 R 4 NX, wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are identical or different and are independently selected from the group consisting of C 1 -C 16 alkyl, X is Cl or Br, or mixtures thereof are used as the first modifier, while derivatives of succinimide of the general formula where R 5 is normal or branched alkyl or oligoalkylene with a molecular weight of from 140 to about 1000, R 6
- the second embodiment of realizing the method according to the present invention consists in that the nanosized particles of molybdenum trisulfide and/or derivatives thereof are prepared from salts of molybdic acid of the general formula M 2 MoO 4 where M is NH 4 , Na, and a sulfur donor which is an inorganic sulfide or polysulfide of the general formula M′ 2 Sn, wherein M′ is NH 4 , Na, n is 1 to 4, or thiourea, in the presence of two modifiers, modifiers, where tetraalkylammonium salts of the general formula R 1 R 2 R 3 R 4 NX, wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are identical or different and are independently selected from the group consisting of C 1 -C 16 alkyl, X is Cl or Br, or mixtures thereof are used as the first modifier, while derivatives of succinimide of the general formula where R 5 is normal or branched alkyl or oligoalkylene with
- the process is carried out by thermally processing a homogenized in a polar solvent mixture of said salt of molybdic acid, said sulfur donor, for which an inorganic sulfide, polysulfide or thiourea is used, and said first or second modifier, cooling the obtained mixture and subsequently adding said second or first modifier, respectively.
- the thermal processing is carried out at a temperature of 150 to 220° C. for 1 to 2 hours, while methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, 2-butanol, acetone or benzene is used as the solvent.
- Tetraalkylammonium salt is selected from the group consisting of tricapryl-methylammonium chloride (Alikvat® 336), methyl-trialkyl(C 8 -C 10 )ammonium chloride (Adogen® 464), cetyl-trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB).
- the product prepared by any variant of carrying out the method is filtered in order to isolate the solid admixtures and to remove the residues of volatile organic solvents under vacuum.
- the whole process of preparation may be carried out in one pot, without intermediate steps of isolating and/or purifying, without involving large amounts of organic solvents.
- the prepared product is a viscous liquid of dark brown color, easily miscible with hydrocarbons and petroleum oils to form transparent solutions or compositions, which have a color from reddish-brown to brown.
- the content of molybdenum in the product is usually from 0.5 to 2.0% by weight.
- Solutions of the obtained product are stable dispersions of surface-modified nanosized particles of molybdenum trisulfide, which is confirmed by data of electronic spectroscopy in the UV and visual region ( FIG. 1 ) and a small-angle X-ray spread (SAXS) ( FIG. 2 ).
- the SAXS method makes it possible to determine the dimensions of the inorganic core of the nanosized particles, which are within the range of from 1 to 6 nm and, as different from the surface-modified nanosized particles described in [7], are characterized by monodisperse size distribution. The latter circumstance makes it possible to presume a higher degree of reproducibility of the synthesis.
- a homogeneous mixture prepared by mixing at 60° C. 0.12 g of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate, 3.0 g of methyltrialkyl(C 8 -C 10 )ammonium chloride (Adogen® 464) and 5 ml of methanol is subjected to thermal processing at 200° C. for 2 hours, the product residue is 30% of the total starting weight of the components.
- 4.2 g of alkenylsuccinimide and 5 ml of chloroform are added to the product residue, the mixture is stirred with a magnetic stirrer, filtered through a “blue belt” filter, the solvent is removed under vacuum.
- the content of molybdenum in the product is 1.22%. There are no absorption bands corresponding to ammonium tetrathiomolybdate in the UV spectrum of the prepared product.
- a homogeneous mixture prepared by mixing at 60° C. 0.12 g of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate, 3.0 g of tricaprylmethylammonium chloride (Alikvat® 336) and 5 ml of methanol is subjected to thermal processing at 200° C. for 2 hours, the product residue o is 29% of the total starting weight of the components.
- 4.2 g of alkenylsuccinimide and 5 ml of chloroform are added to the product residue, the mixture is stirred with a magnetic stirrer, filtered as in Example 1, the solvent is removed under vacuum.
- the content of molybdenum in the product is 1.25%.
- a homogeneous mixture prepared by mixing at 60° C. 0.12 g of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate, 3.0 g of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and 10 ml of a methanol-chloroform 1:1 mixture is subjected to thermal processing at 200° C. for 2 hours, the residue of the product is 55% of the total original weight of the components.
- 4.2 g of alkenylsuccinimide and 5 ml of chloroform are added to the product residue, the mixture is stirred with a magnetic stirrer, filtered, the solvent is removed under vacuum.
- the content of molybdenum in the product is 1.36%.
- a homogeneous mixture prepared by mixing at 60° C. 0.12 g of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate, 1.5 g of CTAB and 1.5 g of Adogen® and 10 ml of a methanol-chloroform 1:1 mixture is subjected to thermal processing at 200° C. for 2 hours, the product residue is 42% of the total starting weight of the components.
- 4.2 g of alkenylsuccinimide and 5 ml of chloroform are added to the product residue, the mixture is stirred with a magnetic stirrer, filtered, the solvent is removed under vacuum.
- the content of molybdenum in the product is 1.38%.
- a homogeneous mixture prepared by mixing at 60° C. 0.12 g of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate, 3.0 g of Adogen® and 5 ml of methanol is subjected to thermal processing at 180° C. for 2 hours, the product residue is 29% of the starting weight of the components.
- 4.2 g of alkenylsuccinimide and 5 ml of chloroform are added to the product residue, the mixture is stirred with a magnetic stirrer, filtered, the solvent is removed under vacuum.
- the content of molybdenum in the product is 1.19%.
- a homogeneous mixture prepared by mixing at 60° C. 0.12 g of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate, 3.0 g of Adogen® and 5 ml of methanol is subjected to thermal processing at 210° C. for 2 hours, the product residue is 27.5% of the starting weight of the components.
- 4.2 g of alkenylsuccinimide and 5 ml of chloroform are added to the product residue, the mixture is stirred with a magnetic stirrer, filtered, the solvent is removed under vacuum.
- the content of molybdenum in the product is 1.25%.
- a homogeneous mixture prepared by mixing at 60° C. 0.24 g of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate, 3.0 g of Adogen® and 5 ml of acetone is subjected to thermal processing at 200° C. for 2 hours, the product residue is 26.2% of the starting weight of the components.
- 4.2 g of alkenylsuccinimide and 5 ml of chloroform are added to the product residue, the mixture is stirred with a magnetic stirrer, filtered, the solvent is removed under vacuum.
- the content of molybdenum in the product is 2.92%.
- a homogeneous mixture prepared by mixing at 60° C. 0.12 g of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate, 3.0 g of Adogen® and 5 ml of methanol is subjected to thermal processing at 200° C. for 2 hours, the product residue is 28.2% of the starting weight of the components.
- 4.2 g of alkenylsuccinimide and 5 ml of chloroform are added to the product residue, the mixture is stirred with a magnetic stirrer, filtered, the solvent is removed under vacuum.
- the content of molybdenum in the product is 1.22%.
- a homogeneous mixture prepared by mixing at 60° C. 0.24 g of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate, 3.0 g of Adogen® and 5 ml of methanol is subjected to thermal processing at 200° C. for 2 hours, the product residue is 30.1% of the original total weight of the components.
- 4.2 g of an N-alkylenamino derivative of alkenylsuccinimide and 5 ml of chloroform are added to the product residue, the mixture is stirred with a magnetic stirrer, filtered, the solvent is removed under.
- the content of molybdenum in the product is 1.19%.
- a homogeneous mixture prepared by mixing at 60° C. 0.0095 g of ammonium molybdate, 0.0113 g of Na 2 S-9H 2 O and 0.0360 g of Adogen® in 1 ml of benzene is subjected to thermal processing at 200° C. for 30 minutes.
- the product residue after thermal processing is 48% of the total weight of the starting components.
- 0.0420 g of alkenylsuccinimide and 1 ml of chloroform are added to the product residue, the mixture is stirred with a magnetic stirrer, filtered through a “blue belt” filter, then the solvent is removed under vacuum.
- the content of molybdenum in the product is 1.35%.
- a homogeneous mixture prepared by mixing at 60° C. 0.0102 g of ammonium molybdate, 0.0320 g of Adogen®, 0.0101 g of thiourea and 5 ml of benzene is subjected to thermal processing at 200° C. for 2 hours.
- the product residue after thermal processing is 43.0% of the total weight of the starting components.
- 5 ml of chloroform and 0.042 g of alkenylsuccinimide are added to the product residue, the mixture is stirred with a magnetic stirrer, filtered, then the solvent is evaporated under vacuum.
- the content of molybdenum in the product is 2.35%.
- a homogeneous mixture prepared by mixing at 60° C. 0.0101 g of ammonium molybdate, 0.0315 g of Adogen®, 0.0145 g of Na 2 S 2 O 3 0.5H 2 O and 5 ml of benzene is subjected to thermal processing at 200° C. for 2 hours.
- the product residue after thermal processing is 39.0% of the total weight of the starting components.
- 5 ml of chloroform and 0.042 g of alkenylsuccinimide are added to the product residue, the mixture is stirred with a magnetic stirrer, filtered, and then the solvent is evaporated under vacuum.
- the content of molybdenum in the product is 1.31%.
- the tribological properties of the prepared antifriction additives based on surface-modified nanosized particles of molybdenum trisulfide were studied with respect to their composition in turbine oil T46 with the use of a vibrating tribometer SRV (Optimol firm, Germany).
- Test conditions friction pair—ball-plane; amplitude of oscillations—1 mm, frequency 50 Hz; axial load changes from 20 to 600 N step-by-step, 1 min at each step, the step being 50 N.
- the value of the coefficient of friction is measured, the test is considered to be finished in the case where the value of the coefficient of friction exceeds 0.22, or if there is a scratch (automatic stop).
- the oil compositions were prepared by mixing T46 with a 5 wt.
- the proposed method makes it possible to prepare an antifriction additive on the basis of surface-modified nanosized particles of molybdenum trisulfide, this additive forming transparent, stable dispersions in hydrocarbons and petroleum oils, and also effectively reducing the coefficient of friction between the metal surfaces and increasing the critical load.
- the whole process may be carried out in one pot without intermediate steps of isolating and/or purifying, without involving large amounts of organic solvents.
Abstract
The invention relates to petroleum chemistry, more specifically to sulfur-containing molybdenum compounds and to the use thereof in the form of lubricant additives which decrease friction coefficient. In the first variant, molybdenum trisulfide nanoparticles and the derivatives thereof are produced from thio-molybdenum acid salts of the general formula M2MoS4-x Ox, wherein M=NH4, Na, x=0-3 in the presence of two modifiers, one of them being embodied in the form of tetra-alkyl-ammonium salts or a mixture of salt of the general formula R1R2R3R4NX, wherein R1R2R3 and R4 equal or different are selected from a group containing C1-C16 alkyl, X=Cl, Br, the second modifier being embodied in the form of a succinimide of the general formula Formula wherein R5=straight or branched-chain alkyl or oligoalkylene whose molar mass ranges from 140 to about 1000, R6 is selected from a group comprising H, —C(═O)NH2, —(CH2CH2 NH)nCH3, n=14. The process is carried out by means of a thermal treatment which is homogenised in the polar solvent of the mixture of a thio-molybdenum acid salt and the first or second modifier, cooling the thus produced-mixture and a subsequently adding the second or the first modifier, respectively. In the second variant, the inventive method consists in producing molybdenum trisulfide nanoparticles and the derivatives thereof from molybdenum acid salts of the formula M2MoO4, wherein M=NH4, Na, and a sulphur donator embodied in the form of an inorganic sulphide or a polysulfide of the general formula M′2Sn, wherein M′=M=NH4, Na, n=1-4, or a thiocarbamide, afterwards, the first variant being used.
Description
- This Application is a Section 371 National Stage Application of International Application No. PCT/RU2003/00440, filed Oct. 16, 2003 and published as WO 2004/037957 A1 on May 6, 2004, not in English.
- The present invention relates to the field of petrochemistry, more particularly to molybdenum compounds comprising sulfur and their use as additives in lubricating materials for reducing friction coefficient.
- It is well-known that in order to reduce fuel consumption and the wear of machine parts during friction, antifriction additives (friction modifiers) are introduced into lubricating oils. It is also known that oil-soluble complex molybdenum are used as the friction modifiers, which compounds include sulfur, nitrogen or phosphor atoms as ligands.
- Thus, for example, in US patent [1] a method is described for preparing lubricating oil additives based on tetraalkyl(alkenyl)ammonium thiomolybdate, improving the antifriction properties of the oil. The use of relatively hard-to-obtain and expensive alkyl and alkenyl groups produced from vegetable oils and fats, for example, cacao or soybean oil, as constituents of one of the initial components, and namely a tetraalkylammonium halogenide, relates to drawbacks of the proposed method.
- A method is known [2] in which additives to lubricating oils are prepared by reacting a sulfur-comprising organic compound, having an active hydrogen atom, with molybdenum pentachloride. The product isolated as a result of the reaction contains 3% of molybdenum and about 1% of chlorine, which is undesirable for ecological reasons and because of the possible corrosive activity of the product.
- A molybdenum-comprising additive to lubricating oils, which exhibits antifriction and antioxidation properties, is prepared as described in US patent [3], in three steps, wherein in the first step a reaction is carried out of a triglyceride of vegetable oil with a nitrogen-comprising compound, then in the second step the product of the first step is reacted with a molybdenum compound, and in the third step the product of the second step is reacted with sulfur or a sulfur-containing compound. The relatively complex manner of synthesis (multi-stage process, the presence of an inert atmosphere, rigid limitation of the temperature ranges) should be considered as drawbacks of the method.
- Methods [4,5] are known, where oil additives based on dithiocarbamyl complexes of molybdenum are prepared. These additives are polyfunctional (including antifriction properties), but their synthesis is very complex and involves the use of toxic reagents, e.g., carbon disulfide.
- A method is known, in accordance with which an additive to oils is prepared based on a mixture of a friction modifier (nitrogen- or oxygen-comprising organic compound) and a trinuclear sulfur-containing molybdenum complex comprising dithiocarbamine groups as the ligands [6]. The complex makeup of the additive and the multi-stage synthesis of the organomolybdenum compound are disadvantages of the method.
- The most similar analog of the claimed invention is the method [7], in which an antifriction additive is prepared in the form of chemically modified nanosized particles of molybdenum trisulfide. In this method, the nanosized particles of molybdenum trisulfide are prepared by forming inverted microemulsions of the “water-in-oil” type, stabilized by surfactants, and comprising water-soluble salts of molybdic acid in an aqueous phase, converting them into salts of thiomolybdic acid by reacting with hydrogen sulfide and subsequent isolation of nanosized particles of MoS3, preliminarily processed with modifying compounds. As a result, nanosized particles of molybdenum trisulfide are obtained, which are stable in hydrocarbon media, including oils, and which exhibit high effectiveness as antifriction additives. The low technological effectiveness of synthesis of the additive, which is related to carrying out the process in strongly diluted organic solutions and to the use of hydrogen sulfide as the reagent, should be considered as drawbacks of this method.
- The object of the proposed invention is to provide a convenient and technological method of preparing an additive for lubricating materials based on chemically modified nanosized particles of molybdenum trisulfide and derivatives thereof.
- In order to realize the stated object, the instant method of preparing additives for lubricating materials is provided, with two embodiments realizing said method being proposed.
- In accordance with the first embodiment, a method of preparing additives for lubricating materials based on chemically modified nanosized particles of molybdenum trisulfide and/or derivatives thereof comprises preparing the nanosized particles of molybdenum trisulfide and/or derivatives thereof from salts of thiomolybdic acid of the general formula M2MoS4-xOx, where M is NH4, Na, x is 0-3, in the presence of two modifiers, where tetraalkylammonium salts of the general formula R1R2R3R4NX, wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 are identical or different and are independently selected from the group consisting of C1-C16 alkyl, X is Cl or Br, or mixtures thereof are used as the first modifier, while derivatives of succinimide of the general formula
where R5 is normal or branched alkyl or oligoalkylene with a molecular weight of from 140 to about 1000, R6 is selected from the group consisting of H, —C(═O)NH2, —(CH2CN2NH)nCH3, n is 1 to 4, are used as the second modifier, - wherein said process is carried out by thermally processing a homogenized in a polar solvent mixture of said salt of thiomolybdic acid and said first or second modifier, cooling the obtained mixture and subsequently adding said second or first modifier, respectively.
- The second embodiment of realizing the method according to the present invention consists in that the nanosized particles of molybdenum trisulfide and/or derivatives thereof are prepared from salts of molybdic acid of the general formula M2MoO4 where M is NH4, Na, and a sulfur donor which is an inorganic sulfide or polysulfide of the general formula M′2Sn, wherein M′ is NH4, Na, n is 1 to 4, or thiourea, in the presence of two modifiers, modifiers, where tetraalkylammonium salts of the general formula R1R2R3R4NX, wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 are identical or different and are independently selected from the group consisting of C1-C16 alkyl, X is Cl or Br, or mixtures thereof are used as the first modifier, while derivatives of succinimide of the general formula
where R5 is normal or branched alkyl or oligoalkylene with a molecular weight of from 140 to about 1000, R6 is selected from the group consisting of H, —C(═O)NH2, —(CH2CN2NH)nCH3, n is 1 to 4, are used as the second modifier, - wherein the process is carried out by thermally processing a homogenized in a polar solvent mixture of said salt of molybdic acid, said sulfur donor, for which an inorganic sulfide, polysulfide or thiourea is used, and said first or second modifier, cooling the obtained mixture and subsequently adding said second or first modifier, respectively.
- In the proposed method, in accordance with any of the above embodiments, the thermal processing is carried out at a temperature of 150 to 220° C. for 1 to 2 hours, while methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, 2-butanol, acetone or benzene is used as the solvent.
- Tetraalkylammonium salt is selected from the group consisting of tricapryl-methylammonium chloride (Alikvat® 336), methyl-trialkyl(C8-C10)ammonium chloride (Adogen® 464), cetyl-trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB).
- The product prepared by any variant of carrying out the method is filtered in order to isolate the solid admixtures and to remove the residues of volatile organic solvents under vacuum. The whole process of preparation may be carried out in one pot, without intermediate steps of isolating and/or purifying, without involving large amounts of organic solvents.
- The prepared product is a viscous liquid of dark brown color, easily miscible with hydrocarbons and petroleum oils to form transparent solutions or compositions, which have a color from reddish-brown to brown. The content of molybdenum in the product is usually from 0.5 to 2.0% by weight. Solutions of the obtained product are stable dispersions of surface-modified nanosized particles of molybdenum trisulfide, which is confirmed by data of electronic spectroscopy in the UV and visual region (
FIG. 1 ) and a small-angle X-ray spread (SAXS) (FIG. 2 ). The SAXS method makes it possible to determine the dimensions of the inorganic core of the nanosized particles, which are within the range of from 1 to 6 nm and, as different from the surface-modified nanosized particles described in [7], are characterized by monodisperse size distribution. The latter circumstance makes it possible to presume a higher degree of reproducibility of the synthesis. - The examples below illustrate the instant invention, but do not in any manner limit the scope thereof in any way.
- A homogeneous mixture prepared by mixing at 60° C. 0.12 g of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate, 3.0 g of methyltrialkyl(C8-C10)ammonium chloride (Adogen® 464) and 5 ml of methanol is subjected to thermal processing at 200° C. for 2 hours, the product residue is 30% of the total starting weight of the components. 4.2 g of alkenylsuccinimide and 5 ml of chloroform are added to the product residue, the mixture is stirred with a magnetic stirrer, filtered through a “blue belt” filter, the solvent is removed under vacuum. The content of molybdenum in the product is 1.22%. There are no absorption bands corresponding to ammonium tetrathiomolybdate in the UV spectrum of the prepared product.
- A homogeneous mixture prepared by mixing at 60° C. 0.12 g of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate, 3.0 g of tricaprylmethylammonium chloride (Alikvat® 336) and 5 ml of methanol is subjected to thermal processing at 200° C. for 2 hours, the product residue o is 29% of the total starting weight of the components. 4.2 g of alkenylsuccinimide and 5 ml of chloroform are added to the product residue, the mixture is stirred with a magnetic stirrer, filtered as in Example 1, the solvent is removed under vacuum. The content of molybdenum in the product is 1.25%.
- A homogeneous mixture prepared by mixing at 60° C. 0.12 g of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate, 3.0 g of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and 10 ml of a methanol-chloroform 1:1 mixture is subjected to thermal processing at 200° C. for 2 hours, the residue of the product is 55% of the total original weight of the components. 4.2 g of alkenylsuccinimide and 5 ml of chloroform are added to the product residue, the mixture is stirred with a magnetic stirrer, filtered, the solvent is removed under vacuum. The content of molybdenum in the product is 1.36%.
- A homogeneous mixture prepared by mixing at 60° C. 0.12 g of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate, 1.5 g of CTAB and 1.5 g of Adogen® and 10 ml of a methanol-chloroform 1:1 mixture is subjected to thermal processing at 200° C. for 2 hours, the product residue is 42% of the total starting weight of the components. 4.2 g of alkenylsuccinimide and 5 ml of chloroform are added to the product residue, the mixture is stirred with a magnetic stirrer, filtered, the solvent is removed under vacuum. The content of molybdenum in the product is 1.38%.
- A homogeneous mixture prepared by mixing at 60° C. 0.12 g of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate, 3.0 g of Adogen® and 5 ml of methanol is subjected to thermal processing at 180° C. for 2 hours, the product residue is 29% of the starting weight of the components. 4.2 g of alkenylsuccinimide and 5 ml of chloroform are added to the product residue, the mixture is stirred with a magnetic stirrer, filtered, the solvent is removed under vacuum. The content of molybdenum in the product is 1.19%.
- A homogeneous mixture prepared by mixing at 60° C. 0.12 g of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate, 3.0 g of Adogen® and 5 ml of methanol is subjected to thermal processing at 210° C. for 2 hours, the product residue is 27.5% of the starting weight of the components. 4.2 g of alkenylsuccinimide and 5 ml of chloroform are added to the product residue, the mixture is stirred with a magnetic stirrer, filtered, the solvent is removed under vacuum. The content of molybdenum in the product is 1.25%.
- A homogeneous mixture prepared by mixing at 60° C. 0.24 g of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate, 3.0 g of Adogen® and 5 ml of acetone is subjected to thermal processing at 200° C. for 2 hours, the product residue is 26.2% of the starting weight of the components. 4.2 g of alkenylsuccinimide and 5 ml of chloroform are added to the product residue, the mixture is stirred with a magnetic stirrer, filtered, the solvent is removed under vacuum. The content of molybdenum in the product is 2.92%.
- A homogeneous mixture prepared by mixing at 60° C. 0.12 g of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate, 3.0 g of Adogen® and 5 ml of methanol is subjected to thermal processing at 200° C. for 2 hours, the product residue is 28.2% of the starting weight of the components. 4.2 g of alkenylsuccinimide and 5 ml of chloroform are added to the product residue, the mixture is stirred with a magnetic stirrer, filtered, the solvent is removed under vacuum. The content of molybdenum in the product is 1.22%.
- A homogeneous mixture prepared by mixing at 60° C. 0.24 g of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate, 3.0 g of Adogen® and 5 ml of methanol is subjected to thermal processing at 200° C. for 2 hours, the product residue is 30.1% of the original total weight of the components. 4.2 g of an N-alkylenamino derivative of alkenylsuccinimide and 5 ml of chloroform are added to the product residue, the mixture is stirred with a magnetic stirrer, filtered, the solvent is removed under. The content of molybdenum in the product is 1.19%.
- The method of preparing according to Example 1, except for that ethanol is used instead of methanol.
- The method of preparing according to Example 1, except for that propanol is used instead of methanol.
- The method of preparing according to Example 1, except for that isopropanol is used instead of methanol.
- The method of preparing according to Example 1, except for that n-butanol is used instead of methanol.
- The method of preparing according to Example 1, except for that iso-butanol is used instead of methanol.
- The method of preparing according to Example 1, except for that 2-butanol is used instead of methanol.
- The method of preparing according to Example 9, except for that ammonium trithiomolybdate is used instead of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate.
- The method of preparing according to Example 9, except for that ammonium dithiomolybdate is used instead of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate.
- The method of preparing according to Example 9, except for that ammonium monothiomolybdate is used instead of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate.
- A homogeneous mixture prepared by mixing at 60° C. 0.0095 g of ammonium molybdate, 0.0113 g of Na2S-9H2O and 0.0360 g of Adogen® in 1 ml of benzene is subjected to thermal processing at 200° C. for 30 minutes. The product residue after thermal processing is 48% of the total weight of the starting components. 0.0420 g of alkenylsuccinimide and 1 ml of chloroform are added to the product residue, the mixture is stirred with a magnetic stirrer, filtered through a “blue belt” filter, then the solvent is removed under vacuum. The content of molybdenum in the product is 1.35%.
- The method of preparing according to Example 1, wherein at first 0.12 g of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate and 4.2 g of alkenylsuccinimide are homogenized, the mixture is subjected to thermal processing at 180-200° C. for 1 hour, then 3.0 g of Adogen® are added to the residue, homogenized and subjected to thermal processing at 180-200° C. during 1 hour. The residue is dissolved in chloroform, filtered, the solvent is removed under vacuum. As a result, a product is obtained with a molybdenum content of 0.66%.
- A homogeneous mixture prepared by mixing at 60° C. 0.0102 g of ammonium molybdate, 0.0320 g of Adogen®, 0.0101 g of thiourea and 5 ml of benzene is subjected to thermal processing at 200° C. for 2 hours. The product residue after thermal processing is 43.0% of the total weight of the starting components. 5 ml of chloroform and 0.042 g of alkenylsuccinimide are added to the product residue, the mixture is stirred with a magnetic stirrer, filtered, then the solvent is evaporated under vacuum. The content of molybdenum in the product is 2.35%.
- A homogeneous mixture prepared by mixing at 60° C. 0.0101 g of ammonium molybdate, 0.0315 g of Adogen®, 0.0145 g of Na2S2O30.5H2O and 5 ml of benzene is subjected to thermal processing at 200° C. for 2 hours. The product residue after thermal processing is 39.0% of the total weight of the starting components. 5 ml of chloroform and 0.042 g of alkenylsuccinimide are added to the product residue, the mixture is stirred with a magnetic stirrer, filtered, and then the solvent is evaporated under vacuum. The content of molybdenum in the product is 1.31%.
- All the results are presented in Table 1.
- The characteristics of samples of antifriction additives based on surface-modified nanosized particles of molybdenum trisulfide as prepared in Examples 1-22 are presented below.
Concentration of Ratio Average size molybdenum, Mo:S, of particles, Sample No. Yield, wt. % wt. % mole/mole angstrom O-1 26.1 1.22 1:2.5 27.3 O-2 31.3 1.25 1:2.7 32.4 O-3 20.3 1.36 1:3.1 28.1 O-4 22.0 1.38 1:2.8 28.4 O-5 22.4 1.19 1:2.9 26.7 O-6 27.5 1.25 1:2.7 33.3 O-7 33.8 2.92 1:2.9 30.5 O-8 31.2 1.22 1:2.6 29.0 O-9 35.9 1.19 1:2.5 29.6 O-10 37.4 1.08 1:3.2 28.9 O-11 27.6 1.32 1:2.7 29.4 O-12 21.1 1.40 1:2.7 27.9 O-13 25.8 1.11 1:2.5 26.9 O-14 19.7 2.03 1:2.8 26.8 O-15 26.1 1.56 1:2.1 24.7 O-16 22.6 1.34 1:1.8 31.4 O-17 35.2 0.98 1:1.1 34.3 O-18 20.3 2.56 1:2.3 28.1 O-19 15.9 1.35 1:2.6 28.2 O-20 30.5 0.66 1:2.7 27.2 O-21 27.0 2.35 1:3.0 26.7 O-22 20.6 1.31 1:3.1 29.6 - Tribological Properties of Prepared Nanosized Particles
- The tribological properties of the prepared antifriction additives based on surface-modified nanosized particles of molybdenum trisulfide were studied with respect to their composition in turbine oil T46 with the use of a vibrating tribometer SRV (Optimol firm, Germany). Test conditions: friction pair—ball-plane; amplitude of oscillations—1 mm, frequency 50 Hz; axial load changes from 20 to 600 N step-by-step, 1 min at each step, the step being 50 N. The value of the coefficient of friction is measured, the test is considered to be finished in the case where the value of the coefficient of friction exceeds 0.22, or if there is a scratch (automatic stop). The oil compositions were prepared by mixing T46 with a 5 wt. % of samples 0-1 to 0-22. Surface-modified nanosized particles of molybdenum trisulfide, prepared in accordance with [7] (sample [MoSx]) and also molybdenum dithiocarbamate of formula III are used as a sample for comparison.
- Data on tribologic tests conducted in respect to some samples are shown below.
Amount of Mo in Minimum oil, parts coefficient Critical Sample No. per million of friction load, N O-1 670 0.065 No O-2 625 0.065 No O-4 690 0.065 No O-19 675 0.066 600 O-21 1175 0.060 No sample [MoSx] 650 0.065 600 Mo(III) dithiocarbamate 1000 0.067 550 - Thus, the proposed method makes it possible to prepare an antifriction additive on the basis of surface-modified nanosized particles of molybdenum trisulfide, this additive forming transparent, stable dispersions in hydrocarbons and petroleum oils, and also effectively reducing the coefficient of friction between the metal surfaces and increasing the critical load. The whole process may be carried out in one pot without intermediate steps of isolating and/or purifying, without involving large amounts of organic solvents.
- Sources of information, taken into account:
-
- 1. U.S. Pat. No. 4,400,282 (23 Aug. 1983)
- 2. U.S. Pat. No. 4,474,673 (2 Oct. 1984)
- 3. U.S. Pat. No. 4,765,918 (23 Aug. 1988)
- 4. U.S. Pat. No. 6,117,826 (12 Sep. 2000)
- 5. U.S. Pat. No. 6,245,725 (12 Jun. 2001)
- 6. Great Britain Patent No. 2 359 092 (15 Aug. 2001)
- 7. US Patent application WO 01/94504 A2 (13 Dec. 2001)
TABLE 1 Salt of quartenary Derivative of Temperature of Example Salt of thiomolybdic acid ammonium base Inorganic sulfide succinimide synthesis No. (amount, g)/solvent (amount, g) (amount, g) (amount, g) Step 1, ° C. Step 2, ° C. 1 (NH4)2MoS4(0.12)/no Adogen ® 464 (3.0) No II.1 (4.2) 60 200 2 (NH4)2MoS4(0.12)/methanol Alikvat ® 336 (3.0) No II.1 (4.2) 60 200 3 (NH4)2MoS4(0.12)/methanol CTAB (3.0) No II.1 (4.2) 60 200 4 (NH4)2MoS4(0.12)/methanol CTAB: Adogen 1:1 (3.0) No II.1 (4.2) 60 200 5 (NH4)2MoS4(0.12)/methanol Adogen (3.0) No II.1 (4.2) 60 180 6 (NH4)2MoS4(0.12)/methanol Adogen (3.0) No II.1 (4.2) 60 210 7 (NH4)2MoS4(0.24)/methanol Adogen (3.0) No II.1 (4.2) 60 200 8 (NH4)2MoS4(0.12)/methanol Adogen (3.0) No II.2 (4.2) 60 200 9 (NH4)2MoS4(0.12)/methanol Adogen (3.0) No II.3 (4.2) 60 200 10 (NH4)2MoS4(0.12)/ethanol Adogen (3.0) No II.1 (4.2) 60 200 11 (NH4)2MoS4(0.12)/propanol Adogen (3.0) No II.1 (4.2) 60 200 12 (NH4)2MoS4(0.12)/isopropanol Adogen (3.0) No II.1 (4.2) 60 200 13 (NH4)2MoS4(0.12)/n-butanol Adogen (3.0) No II.1 (4.2) 60 200 14 (NH4)2MoS4(0.12)/isobutanol Adogen (3.0) No II.1 (4.2) 60 200 15 (NH4)2MoS4(0.12)/2-butanol Adogen (3.0) No II.1 (4.2) 60 200 16 (NH4)2MoOS3(0.12)/methanol Adogen (3.0) No II.1 (4.2) 60 200 17 (NH4)2MoO2S2(0.15)/methanol Adogen (3.0) No II.1 (4.2) 60 200 18 (NH4)2MoO3S(0.21)/methanol Adogen (3.0) No II.1 (4.2) 60 200 19 (NH4)6Mo7S24(0.0095)/benzene Adogen (0.03) Na2S (0.0119) II.1 (0.04) 60 200 20 (NH4)2MoS4(0.12)/methanol Adogen (3.0) No II.1 (4.2) 60 200 21 (NH4)6Mo7O24(0.0095)/benzene Adogen (0.03) Thiourea (0.01) II.1 (0.04) 60 200 22 (NH4)6Mo7O24(0.0095)/benzene Adogen (0.03) Na2S2O3 5H2O (0.01) II.1 (0.04) 60 200
Claims (6)
1. A method of preparing additives for lubricating materials on the basis of chemically modified nanosized particles of molybdenum trisulfide and/or derivatives thereof, characterized in that the nanosized particles of molybdenum trisulfide and/or derivatives thereof are prepared from salts of thiomolybdic acid of the general formula M2MoS4-xOx, where M is NH4, Na, x is 0-3, in the presence of two modifiers, where tetraalkylammonium salts or mixtures of salts of the general formula R1R2R3R4NX are used as the first modifier, wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 are identical or different and are selected from the group consisting of C1-C16 alkyl, X is Cl, Br, while derivatives of succinimide of the general formula
are used as the second modifier, wherein R5 is normal or branched alkyl or oligoalkylene having a molecular weight of from 140 to about 1000, R6 is selected from the group consisting of H, —C(═O)NH2, —(CH2CN2NH)nCH3, n is 1-4,
wherein the process is carried out by thermally processing a homogenized in a polar solvent mixture of said salt of thiomolybdic acid and said first or second modifier, cooling the obtained mixture and subsequently adding said second or first modifier, respectively.
2. A method of preparing additives for lubricating materials on the basis of chemically modified nanosized particles of molybdenum trisulfide and/or derivatives thereof, characterized in that the nanosized particles of molybdenum trisulfide and/or derivatives thereof are prepared from salts of molybdic acid of the general formula M2MoO4, where M is NH4, Na, and a sulfur donor, which is an inorganic sulfide or polysulfide of the general formula M′2Sn wherein M′ is NH4, Na, n is 1-4, or thiourea, in the presence of two modifiers, where tetraalkylammonium salts or mixtures of salts of the general formula R1R2R3R4NX are used as the first modifier, wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 are identical or different and are selected from the group consisting of C1-C16 alkyl, X is Cl, Br, while derivatives of succinimide of the general formula
are used as second modifier where R5 is normal or branched alkyl or oligoalkylene having a molecular weight of from 140 to about 1000, R6 is selected from the group consisting of H, —C(═O)NH2, —(CH2CN2NH)nCH3, n is 1-4,
wherein the process is carried out by thermally processing a homogenized in a polar solvent mixture of said salt of molybdic acid, said sulfur donor which is an inorganic sulfide, polysulfide or thiourea, and said first and/or second modifier, cooling the obtained mixture and subsequently adding said second and/or first modifier, respectively.
3. The method according to claim 1 characterized in that the thermal processing is carried out at a temperature of 150 to 220° C. for 1-2 hours.
4. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, 2-butanol, acetone or benzene is used as the solvent.
5. The method according to claim 2 , characterized in that the thermal processing is carried out at a temperature of 150 to 220° C. for 1-2 hours.
6. The method according to claim 2 , characterized in that methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, 2-butanol, acetone or benzene is used as the solvent.
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RU2002128364/04A RU2002128364A (en) | 2002-10-23 | 2002-10-23 | METHOD FOR PRODUCING ADDITIVE TO LUBRICANTS (OPTIONS) |
PCT/RU2003/000440 WO2004037957A1 (en) | 2002-10-23 | 2003-10-16 | Method for producing lubricant additive (variants) |
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US20080161213A1 (en) * | 2007-01-03 | 2008-07-03 | Tze-Chi Jao | Nanoparticle additives and lubricant formulations containing the nanoparticle additives |
US20080269086A1 (en) * | 2007-04-30 | 2008-10-30 | Atanu Adhvaryu | Functionalized nanosphere lubricants |
US20090009025A1 (en) * | 2005-06-24 | 2009-01-08 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Altering-currant dynamolectric machine |
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KR101083306B1 (en) | 2009-08-18 | 2011-11-15 | 한국전력공사 | Preparetion method of lubricating oil and lubricating oil produced thereby |
IT1402163B1 (en) * | 2010-10-01 | 2013-08-28 | Univ Degli Studi Salerno | "ONE-POT" SYNTHESIS OF NANO CRISTALLI 1D, 2D, AND 0D OF TUNGSTEN AND MOLYBDENUM CALCOGENURES (WS2, MOS2) FUNCTIONALIZED WITH LONG-CHAIN AND / OR TIOL-AMMINE ACIDS AND / OR TIOLS |
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EA008515B1 (en) | 2007-06-29 |
CN1723269A (en) | 2006-01-18 |
GB0510381D0 (en) | 2005-06-29 |
AU2003277760A1 (en) | 2004-05-13 |
CN100384969C (en) | 2008-04-30 |
RU2002128364A (en) | 2004-04-27 |
WO2004037957A1 (en) | 2004-05-06 |
DE10393575T5 (en) | 2005-09-29 |
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