US20060128304A1 - Mobile communication system - Google Patents
Mobile communication system Download PDFInfo
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- US20060128304A1 US20060128304A1 US11/338,160 US33816006A US2006128304A1 US 20060128304 A1 US20060128304 A1 US 20060128304A1 US 33816006 A US33816006 A US 33816006A US 2006128304 A1 US2006128304 A1 US 2006128304A1
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- Prior art keywords
- information
- broadcast
- link
- mobile communications
- sending
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/24—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
- H04H20/00—Arrangements for broadcast or for distribution combined with broadcast
- H04H20/20—Arrangements for broadcast or distribution of identical information via plural systems
- H04H20/24—Arrangements for distribution of identical information via broadcast system and non-broadcast system
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
- H04H40/00—Arrangements specially adapted for receiving broadcast information
- H04H40/18—Arrangements characterised by circuits or components specially adapted for receiving
- H04H40/27—Arrangements characterised by circuits or components specially adapted for receiving specially adapted for broadcast systems covered by groups H04H20/53 - H04H20/95
- H04H40/90—Arrangements characterised by circuits or components specially adapted for receiving specially adapted for broadcast systems covered by groups H04H20/53 - H04H20/95 specially adapted for satellite broadcast receiving
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W92/00—Interfaces specially adapted for wireless communication networks
- H04W92/02—Inter-networking arrangements
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a mobile, two-way, personal communications system.
- PCS devices are based on mobile phone or cellular phone system devices.
- Mobile or cellular phone devices are currently configured to communicate with one of a plurality of permanently placed ground antennas, which, in turn, are connected to the telephone system: both to standard wired telephones and to other mobile or cellular telephone devices via other such ground antennas.
- the original cellular phone devices communicated via analog data signals.
- newer cellular phone devices communicate via digital data signals. In either case, there is a direct link between the telephone communications network and the cellular telephone.
- the current cellular phone system uses relatively low bandwidth signaling techniques: on the order of tens of kilobits per second.
- graphical information such as maps and pictures require relatively wide bandwidth to provide reasonable response times.
- Video and audio files will require even higher bandwidth for reasonable response times.
- using the relatively low bandwidth of the current cellular telephone system will require long periods of time to transfer such large amounts of data. These periods of time may be so long as to make the performance unacceptable.
- the cost of bandwidth on these networks is relatively high.
- Terrestrial VHF/UHF frequency bands in the United States include almost 400 MHz of available channels. These channels are receivable in the locale (approximately 70 miles) of the terrestrial television broadcasting station antenna.
- current digital direct satellite television broadcasting systems also can provide digital channels which can be used for digital information transmission. Digital data from these channels are receivable over a much wider area: the complete United States, for instance. These channels are not completely used. Thus, there is a vast amount of unused television broadcast spectrum available for other uses.
- the inventors have realized that one way to overcome the bandwidth limitation of the cellular telephone system is to broadcast information which is of widespread simultaneous interest, receivable by all potential requesting users simultaneously, via a broadcast link.
- the availability of the relatively large bandwidth in the VHF/UHF frequency band of current terrestrial television broadcasting systems and/or in direct television satellite systems can be utilized to provide this broadcast link to the large number of PCS devices simultaneously.
- a mobile communications system includes PCS devices configured to communicate through a direct link interface with a communications network to request desired information.
- the requested information is either transmitted to the PCS via the direct link from the cellular telephone ground stations, or an indication is transmitted via the direct link that the requested information is currently being broadcast. If requested information is currently being broadcast, then the information which was transmitted to the PCS device via the direct link interface conditions the PCS device to receive the requested information through the broadcast link interface. The received information is then processed in the PCS device in the normal manner.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a mobile communications system according to principles of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a PCS device according to the present invention, which may be used in the system as illustrated in FIG. 1 .
- data expected to be requested simultaneously from multiple PCS devices 10 , 12 , 14 is not transmitted through the transmitting antennas 20 , 22 to the requesting PCS devices 10 , 12 , 14 . Instead, that data is sent through a broadcast link to the PCS devices 10 , 12 , 14 . More specifically, the data is sent through the communications network 30 to a ground station transmitting antenna 52 .
- the ground station transmitting antenna 52 transmits this information through a channel of a digital direct television satellite system (DSS) satellite 54 .
- DSS satellite 54 broadcasts the channel containing this data over a wide area in the same manner as transmission of direct satellite television signals.
- the combination of the ground station transmitting antenna 52 and DSS satellite 54 form a broadcast link 50 between the communications network 30 and the PCS devices 10 , 12 , 14 , for data expected to be of widespread simultaneous interest to PCS devices 10 , 12 , 14 .
- the PCS device 10 operating in accordance with principles of a present invention, receives the broadcast signal from the broadcast link 50 , and processes the information carried by that signal in the same manner as if it had been received on the direct link through the antenna 20 .
Abstract
A mobile communications system includes a plurality of mobile communications devices. A direct link communicates information between a communications network and a selected one of the plurality of mobile communications devices. A broadcast link simultaneously broadcasts information from the communications network intended to be receivable by the plurality of mobile communications devices.
Description
- The present invention relates to a mobile, two-way, personal communications system.
- Personal communications systems (PCS) devices are based on mobile phone or cellular phone system devices. Mobile or cellular phone devices are currently configured to communicate with one of a plurality of permanently placed ground antennas, which, in turn, are connected to the telephone system: both to standard wired telephones and to other mobile or cellular telephone devices via other such ground antennas. The original cellular phone devices communicated via analog data signals. However, newer cellular phone devices communicate via digital data signals. In either case, there is a direct link between the telephone communications network and the cellular telephone.
- Further capabilities are being added to the digital cellular phone devices. For example, digital cellular phone devices are being enhanced to enable them to receive digital data from and transmit digital data to a digital data network, such as the Internet, with which the telephone system is interconnected. Such devices have been termed personal communications systems (PCS) devices. Such enhanced PCS devices can request, receive and display information from the internet such as, for instance: maps, touring information, information on special events, and/or shops or restaurants near the current location of the user. As time goes on further capabilities will be added to digital PCS devices which may involve providing for reception and display of multimedia files such as audio and/or video files.
- One problem with such enhanced capabilities is the bandwidth required to transmit the large volume of data associated with such enhanced capabilities from the digital data servers interconnected with the internet to the PCS devices via the direct link. The current cellular phone system uses relatively low bandwidth signaling techniques: on the order of tens of kilobits per second. However, graphical information such as maps and pictures require relatively wide bandwidth to provide reasonable response times. Video and audio files will require even higher bandwidth for reasonable response times. In other words, using the relatively low bandwidth of the current cellular telephone system will require long periods of time to transfer such large amounts of data. These periods of time may be so long as to make the performance unacceptable. Additionally, with the precious spectrum resources, the cost of bandwidth on these networks is relatively high.
- Current television signal broadcasting systems provide relatively wide bandwidth capability: approximately 20 Mbps of data throughput for each 6 MHz channel. Terrestrial VHF/UHF frequency bands in the United States include almost 400 MHz of available channels. These channels are receivable in the locale (approximately 70 miles) of the terrestrial television broadcasting station antenna. In addition, current digital direct satellite television broadcasting systems also can provide digital channels which can be used for digital information transmission. Digital data from these channels are receivable over a much wider area: the complete United States, for instance. These channels are not completely used. Thus, there is a vast amount of unused television broadcast spectrum available for other uses.
- Some data which will be requested by a user of a PCS device will be unique to that user. For example, a user may request a particular piece of information of interest to that user alone. However, other data will be of simultaneous interest to a large number of users: for example, current weather data, stock market tickers, television or radio program guides, electronic newspapers etc. Yet other information will be of widespread simultaneous interest at only certain times, and of interest only to unique users are other times: for example, traffic maps at rush hour, information related to special events and nearby restaurants and hotels near the time and in the geographical area of the special event; and IRS tax forms and information around tax filing time.
- Current bandwidth for cellular phone devices is sufficient to provide unique information to PCS devices as such information is requested. Attempting, however, to provide information of simultaneous widespread interest (e.g. traffic maps) to large numbers of PCS devices at the same time can rapidly use up all available bandwidth of the current PCS system. A PCS communications system which can provide unique information to single requesting PCS devices, and also information of widespread interest simultaneously to large numbers of requesting PCS devices, without overloading available bandwidth of the cellular phone network is desirable.
- The inventors have realized that one way to overcome the bandwidth limitation of the cellular telephone system is to broadcast information which is of widespread simultaneous interest, receivable by all potential requesting users simultaneously, via a broadcast link. The availability of the relatively large bandwidth in the VHF/UHF frequency band of current terrestrial television broadcasting systems and/or in direct television satellite systems can be utilized to provide this broadcast link to the large number of PCS devices simultaneously.
- In accordance with principles of a present invention, a mobile communications system includes a plurality of mobile communications devices. A direct link communicates information between a communications network and a selected one of the plurality of mobile communications devices. A broadcast link simultaneously broadcasts information from the communications network intended to be receivable by the plurality of mobile communications devices.
- A mobile communications system according to the present invention includes PCS devices configured to communicate through a direct link interface with a communications network to request desired information. The requested information is either transmitted to the PCS via the direct link from the cellular telephone ground stations, or an indication is transmitted via the direct link that the requested information is currently being broadcast. If requested information is currently being broadcast, then the information which was transmitted to the PCS device via the direct link interface conditions the PCS device to receive the requested information through the broadcast link interface. The received information is then processed in the PCS device in the normal manner.
- In the drawing:
-
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a mobile communications system according to principles of the present invention; -
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a PCS device according to the present invention, which may be used in the system as illustrated inFIG. 1 . -
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a mobile communications system according to principles of the present invention. InFIG. 1 , amobile transceiver 10 is in bidirectional communications with a transmitting and receivingantenna 20. Theantenna 20 is simultaneously connected to other mobile transceivers, e.g. 14. In addition, other transmitting and receiving antennas, such asantenna 22, are connected to theantenna 20 via acommunications network 30. The other antennas, 22, are connected to other mobile transceivers, e.g. 12. In the embodiment illustrated inFIG. 1 , themobile transceivers antennas network 30, possibly including existing land line telephone networks (not shown), interoperate in a known manner for placing, receiving and carrying on wireless telephone conversations. InFIG. 1 , themobile transceiver 10 is configured as a personal communications system (PCS) device, and will be described in more detail below. - Recent developments in the cellular phone system have provided for transmission of digital cellular phone data. In this manner, telephone conversations are digitized and the digitized signal is communicated between the
PCS device 10 andantenna 20, and in turn with othercellular phones 12, 14 and land line telephones (not shown). Further developments in the cellular telephone system take advantage of the digital nature of the telephone signal thus communicated with thecellular phone 10. Consequently, it is now proposed to interconnect thecellular phone 10 to a digital computer network, such as the Internet. Cellular phones modified for this operation include not only a speaker, a microphone, and a keypad for entering telephone numbers, but also a display device for displaying the graphical or textual information received from the Internet. Referring again toFIG. 1 , thecommunications network 30 may be considered a digital computer network, such as the Internet, and includes a plurality ofcomputer data servers servers network 30. That is, requests for information are received by thecommunications network 30 from thePCS device 10 via theantenna 20, and the appropriate data server, 42, 44, 46, provides the requested information to thenetwork 30 which in turn supplies that information to theantenna 20, which in turn transmits the requested information to thePCS device 10. Theantenna 20 provides a direct link between thecommunications network 30 and thePCS device 10. - As described above, sometimes information requested from the
computer data servers PCS device 10. However, other types of information, possibly as certain times, is expected to be requested simultaneously bymultiple PCS devices network 30 through theantennas PCS devices multiple PCS devices PCS device network 30 would be reached. This would result in the response time of all of the PCS terminals, whether requesting that data or not, extending to unacceptable lengths. - In accordance with principles of a present invention, data expected to be requested simultaneously from
multiple PCS devices antennas PCS devices PCS devices communications network 30 to a groundstation transmitting antenna 52. The groundstation transmitting antenna 52 transmits this information through a channel of a digital direct television satellite system (DSS) satellite 54. The DSS satellite 54 broadcasts the channel containing this data over a wide area in the same manner as transmission of direct satellite television signals. The combination of the groundstation transmitting antenna 52 and DSS satellite 54 form abroadcast link 50 between thecommunications network 30 and thePCS devices PCS devices PCS device 10, operating in accordance with principles of a present invention, receives the broadcast signal from thebroadcast link 50, and processes the information carried by that signal in the same manner as if it had been received on the direct link through theantenna 20. - In the embodiment illustrated in
FIG. 1 , thebroadcast link 50 between thecommunications network 30 and the PCS device is aDSS satellite system 50. One skilled in the art will understand, however, that terrestrial television transmitters may also be used to broadcast such information. The information from any single terrestrial television transmitter is only receivable within the geographical area of that transmitter. This may be sufficient for data which is of interest only in that geographical area, such as information related to special events in that area. However, by networking multiple terrestrial television transmitters to transmit the same data simultaneously, such data may be made available over a wider geographical area, and could provide the same geographical coverage as theDSS satellite system 50. By broadcasting this information, by either means, over a wide area, in the manner described above, transmission of information satisfying multiple simultaneous individual requests from thecomputer data servers PCS devices 10, requiring large amount of data throughput, is obviated. Current terrestrial television broadcasting systems and direct satellite systems include unused channels which may be used for broadcasting such digital data from thedata servers PCS devices -
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the mobile communications (PCS)device 10 which may be used in the system illustrated inFIG. 1 . InFIG. 2 , anantenna 122 is responsive to digital cellular telephone signals from, for instance, a cellular telephone antenna 20 (ofFIG. 1 ). Theantenna 122 is bidirectionally coupled to a terminal of amobile interface circuit 120. An output terminal of themobile interface circuit 120 is coupled to a direct data input terminal of a microprocessor (μP) 118. A direct data output terminal of themicroprocessor 118 is coupled to an input terminal of themobile interface 120. A speaker output terminal of amicroprocessor 118 is coupled to an input terminal of thespeaker 114. An output terminal of amicrophone 112 is coupled to a microphone input terminal of themicroprocessor 118. An output terminal of akeypad 116 is coupled to a control input terminal of themicroprocessor 118. Themicroprocessor 118 operates in a known manner under the control of an application program 130, stored in a memory (e.g. a ROM, not shown) in themicroprocessor 118. - The
PCS device 10, as described above, operates in a known manner to allow a user to make telephone calls. The user manipulates keys on thekeypad 116 to condition themicroprocessor 118 to cause themobile interface circuit 120 to connect to thenetwork 30, generate dialing tones specifying the desired telephone number, and complete the call. Alternatively, signals are received from thenetwork 30 indicating that someone is attempting to call thePCS device 10. In response to these signals, themicroprocessor 118 conditions themobile interface circuit 120 to connect to the network and complete the call. - In either event, signals representing spoken information from the
microphone 112 are digitized by themicroprocessor 118, and the digitized signal transmitted through themobile interface 120 and theantenna 122 to the antenna 20 (ofFIG. 1 ). Simultaneously, signals received by theantenna 122 from theantenna 20, and representing received digitized speech information from the other party, are received by themobile interface 120, converted to a sound signal by themicroprocessor 118, and supplied to thespeaker 114. - As described above, recent
developments PCS devices 10 provide the capability of requesting and receiving information from e.g. the Internet. Data representing requested information may maybe generated by the user using the keypad 116 (which may have more keys than the illustrated number keys). The information request is supplied by themicroprocessor 118 tomobile interface 120, which in turn supplies the information via theantenna 122 to the antenna 20 (ofFIG. 1 ) which routes that information through thenetwork 30 to thecomputer data servers network 30 where it is transmitted by theantenna 20 to thePCS device 10. ThePCS device 10 receives the signal carrying this information atantenna 122. Themobile interface 120 extracts the requested information and supplies it to themicroprocessor 118. Themicroprocessor 118 processes the received information to generate e.g. an image on thedisplay device 124 representing the requested information. In the illustrated embodiment, this information is a map of the transportation system of a city, and the image of this map is displayed on thedisplay device 124. As described above, this method of receiving data via the direct link from thecomputer data server many PCS devices antennas - The
PCS device 10 illustrated inFIG. 2 , further includes a receivingantenna 128 coupled to abroadcast interface circuit 126. One skilled in the art will understand that the receivingantenna 128 may be combined with theantenna 20 in a single unit, or a single antenna may provide signals in common to themobile interface 120 andbroadcast interface 126. A broadcast data output terminal of thebroadcast interface 126 is coupled to a broadcast data input terminal of themicroprocessor 118. A channel selection output terminal of themicroprocessor 118 is coupled to a control input terminal of thebroadcast interface 126. - In operation, information which is transmitted via the
broadcast link 50, e.g. a satellite system (ofFIG. 1 ), is received by beantenna 128 and processed by thebroadcast interface 126. Thebroadcast interface 126 receives the data carried by the broadcast signal, and supplies that data to themicroprocessor 118. Themicroprocessor 118 extracts the requested information, and processes this information in the same manner as it would have if that information had come from themobile interface 120. - More specifically, in the embodiment illustrated in
FIG. 2 , the user manipulates thekeypad 116 to specify a request for e.g. the city transportation map. The information request is transmitted to thecomputer data servers mobile interface 120,antenna 122,antenna 20 and communications network 30), as described above. In this case, however, the transportation map information is currently being broadcast via thebroadcast link 50. This condition may be permanent based on the expectation that this information will always be subject to widespread simultaneous requests (news), or this condition may be selective based on time (rush hour) and/or location (in the vicinity of the city). In the latter case, the information may be broadcast from terrestrial television transmitting antennas (not shown) in the vicinity of the city. Alternatively, this condition may be made adaptive in which case when large numbers of requests are simultaneously received, a decision is made to broadcast the information until the number of requests diminishes. - Data is transmitted from the appropriate one of the computer data servers, 42,44,46, through the
communications network 30 to themicroprocessor 118 through the direct link (antenna 20,antenna 122, mobile interface 120) to indicate that this information is currently being broadcast, and to specify the channel over which the requested information is being broadcast. In response to this information, themicroprocessor 118 supplies a tuning signal to thebroadcast interface 126 conditioning thebroadcast interface 126 to tune to the specified channel. Thebroadcast interface 126 receives the specified broadcast signal and supplies the data carried by that signal to themicroprocessor 118. Themicroprocessor 118 extracts the requested information from thebroadcast interface 126 and processes it in the same manner as if it had been received via themobile interface 120. In the embodiment illustrated inFIG. 2 , an image represented by that information is displayed on thedisplay device 124. - As described above, with the addition of the
antenna 128 andbroadcast interface 126, and with appropriate changes to the application program 130 of themicroprocessor 118, aPCS device 10 may be adapted to receive requested information either by a direct link (transmitting antenna 20), or by abroadcast link 50, if the requested information is currently being broadcast. If the information is being broadcast, information is sent through the direct link which conditions thePCS device 10 to tune to the desired channel of thebroadcast link 50 to receive the requested information. Using thebroadcast link 50 in this manner minimizes the data throughput required by the direct link.
Claims (21)
1. A mobile communications system, comprising:
a plurality of mobile communications devices;
a direct link, for communicating information between a communications network and a selected one of the plurality of mobile communications devices; and
a broadcast link, for simultaneously broadcasting information from the communications network intended to be receivable by the plurality of mobile communications devices.
2. The system of claim 1 wherein the direct link comprises a plurality of transmitting and receiving antennas coupled to the communications network, for transmitting information to, and receiving information from the selected mobile communications device.
3. The system of claim 2 wherein the direct link comprises a telephone network and the plurality of transmitting and receiving antennas are cellular phone antennas.
4. The system of claim 1 wherein the broadcast link comprises a broadcast transmitting antenna providing a signal over a relatively wide geographical area, intended to be receivable by the plurality of mobile communications devices.
5. The system of claim 4 wherein the broadcast link further comprises a television broadcast system and the broadcast transmitting antenna is a television broadcast antenna.
6. The system of claim 5 wherein the television broadcast antenna is a terrestrial television broadcast antenna.
7. The system of claim 5 wherein the broadcast link further comprises:
a satellite ground station transmitting antenna, coupled to the communications network, for transmitting information from the communications network intended to be received by the plurality of mobile communications devices; and
a direct television satellite system satellite, comprising a receiving antenna for receiving the information transmitted by the satellite ground station, and the television broadcast transmitting antenna for broadcasting the received information over a relatively wide geographical area, intended to be receivable by the plurality of mobile communications devices.
8. The system of claim 1 wherein:
each of the plurality of mobile communications devices comprises a direct link antenna and a broadcast receiving antenna;
the direct link comprises a transmitting and receiving antenna, coupled to the communications network, for transmitting information to, and receiving information from, the direct link antenna of the selected mobile communications device; and
the broadcast link comprises a broadcast transmitting antenna, coupled to the communications network, for transmitting information to the broadcast receiving antenna of the mobile communications device.
9. The system of claim 1 wherein:
the communications network comprises the internet and includes a plurality of computer data servers for storing information;
the selected mobile communications device comprises circuitry to provide a request for information to the computer data servers via the direct link;
the computer data servers retrieve the requested information and supply the retrieved information to the communications network in response to the request from the selected mobile communications device;
if the retrieved information is expected to be requested simultaneously by the plurality of mobile communications devices, the communications network routes the information via the broadcast link to the plurality of mobile communications devices and routes data via the direct link to the selected communications device specifying that the broadcast link contains the requested information, otherwise the communications network routes the requested information via the direct link to the selected mobile communications device; and
the selected mobile communications device further comprises circuitry to receive the requested information from the broadcast link in response to data received via the direct link that the broadcast link contains the requested information, and to receive the information from the direct link otherwise.
10. The system of claim 9 wherein:
the broadcast link comprises a plurality of channels, the requested data is broadcast on a selected one of the plurality of channels, and the data routed to the selected mobile communications device specifying that the broadcast link contains the requested information further contains data representing the channel carrying the requested information; and
the mobile communications device is responsive to the channel representative data to receive the requested information from the selected channel.
11. A method for communicating information comprising the steps of:
sending information intended for a single mobile communications device via a direct link; and
sending information intended for a plurality of mobile communications devices via a broadcast link.
12. The method of claim 11 wherein the step of sending information via the direct link comprises the step of sending the information via a telephone network.
13. The method of claim 12 wherein the step of sending the information via the telephone network comprises the step of sending the information via a cellular telephone network.
14. The method of claim 11 wherein the step of sending information via the broadcast link comprises the step of sending the information via a television broadcast system.
15. The method of claim 14 wherein step of sending the information via the television broadcast link comprises the step of sending the information on a selected one of a plurality of channels in the television broadcast system.
16. The method of claim 15 further comprising the steps of:
receiving a request for information via the direct link;
determining if the requested information can be broadcast;
if the requested information can be broadcast, sending the requested information via the broadcast link, otherwise sending the requested information via the direct link;
wherein if the information is sent via the broadcast link, sending data to at least one of the plurality of the mobile communications devices via the direct link specifying that the requested information is being supplied via the broadcast link, and specifying the selected channel.
17. The method of claim 14 wherein the step of sending the information via the television broadcast system comprises the step of sending the information via a terrestrial television broadcast system.
18. The method of claim 14 wherein the step of sending the information via the television broadcast system comprises the step of sending the information via a direct television satellite system.
19. The method of claim 11 further comprising the steps of:
receiving a request for information via the direct link;
determining if the requested information can be broadcast;
if the requested can be broadcast, sending the requested information via the broadcast link, otherwise sending the requested information via the direct link.
20. The method of claim 19 further comprising the steps of:
if the information is sent via the broadcast link, sending data to at least one of the mobile communications devices via the direct link specifying that the requested information is being supplied via the broadcast link.
21-42. (canceled)
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20030085117A (en) | 2003-11-03 |
CN1842178A (en) | 2006-10-04 |
US20020090925A1 (en) | 2002-07-11 |
EP1356693A1 (en) | 2003-10-29 |
CA2433086A1 (en) | 2002-07-18 |
MY134106A (en) | 2007-11-30 |
WO2002056613A1 (en) | 2002-07-18 |
JP2004518345A (en) | 2004-06-17 |
US7096007B2 (en) | 2006-08-22 |
CN1496656A (en) | 2004-05-12 |
BR0206248A (en) | 2004-06-01 |
MXPA03006115A (en) | 2003-09-10 |
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