US20060158347A1 - Automated meter reader having time synchronization circuit - Google Patents
Automated meter reader having time synchronization circuit Download PDFInfo
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- US20060158347A1 US20060158347A1 US11/315,070 US31507005A US2006158347A1 US 20060158347 A1 US20060158347 A1 US 20060158347A1 US 31507005 A US31507005 A US 31507005A US 2006158347 A1 US2006158347 A1 US 2006158347A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D4/00—Tariff metering apparatus
- G01D4/002—Remote reading of utility meters
- G01D4/004—Remote reading of utility meters to a fixed location
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D4/00—Tariff metering apparatus
- G01D4/002—Remote reading of utility meters
- G01D4/006—Remote reading of utility meters to a non-fixed location, i.e. mobile location
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D4/00—Tariff metering apparatus
- G01D4/008—Modifications to installed utility meters to enable remote reading
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
- G08C19/00—Electric signal transmission systems
- G08C19/12—Electric signal transmission systems in which the signal transmitted is frequency or phase of ac
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q9/00—Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems for selectively calling a substation from a main station, in which substation desired apparatus is selected for applying a control signal thereto or for obtaining measured values therefrom
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q2209/00—Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems
- H04Q2209/30—Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems using a wired architecture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q2209/00—Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems
- H04Q2209/60—Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems for transmitting utility meters data, i.e. transmission of data from the reader of the utility meter
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q2209/00—Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems
- H04Q2209/80—Arrangements in the sub-station, i.e. sensing device
- H04Q2209/82—Arrangements in the sub-station, i.e. sensing device where the sensing device takes the initiative of sending data
- H04Q2209/823—Arrangements in the sub-station, i.e. sensing device where the sensing device takes the initiative of sending data where the data is sent when the measured values exceed a threshold, e.g. sending an alarm
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02B90/20—Smart grids as enabling technology in buildings sector
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
- Y04S20/30—Smart metering, e.g. specially adapted for remote reading
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
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Abstract
An automated meter reading (AMR) device adapted to be synchronized by a signal provided by a remote device. The AMR device may be synchronized to a standardized clock, such as the automatic clock provided by NIST out of Boulder Colo. USA on station WWVB. Advantageously, this external clock re-synchronizes the internal clock of the AMR device to compensate for clock drift, such as caused by differences in crystal oscillation.
Description
- This application is a continuation-in-part (CIP) of co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/952,043 entitled “Automated Meter Reader Having High Product Delivery Rate Alert Generator” filed Sep. 28, 2004, which is a CIP of co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/896,502 entitled “Optical Sensor for Utility Meter” filed Jun. 29, 2001, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/419,743 filed Oct. 16, 1999, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,798,352.
- The present invention is generally related to utility meter reading devices, and more particularly to automated meter reader (AMR) devices utilized to remotely and efficiently obtain meter readings of utility meters providing electric, gas and water service.
- Organizations which provide electric, gas and water service to users are commonly referred to as “utilities”. Utilities determine charges and hence billings to their customers by applying rates to quantities of the service that the customer uses during a predetermined time period, generally a month. This monthly usage is determined by reading the consumption meter located at the service point (usually located at the point where the utility service line enters the customer's house, store or plant) at the beginning and ending of the usage month. The numerical difference between these meter readings reveals the kilowatts of electricity, cubic feet of natural gas, or the gallons of water used during the month. Utilities correctly perceive these meters as their “cash registers” and they spend a lot of time and money obtaining meter reading information.
- An accepted method for obtaining these monthly readings entails using a person (meter reader) in the field who is equipped with a rugged hand held computer, who visually reads the dial of the meter and enters the meter reading into the hand held. This method, which is often referred to as “electronic meter reading”, or EMR, was first introduced in 1981 and is used extensively today. While EMR products today are reliable and cost efficient compared to other methods where the meter reader records the meter readings on paper forms, they still necessitate a significant force of meter readers walking from meter to meter in the field and physically reading the dial of each meter.
- The objective of reducing the meter reading field force or eliminating it all together has given rise to the development of “automated meter reading”, or AMR products. The technologies currently employed by numerous companies to obtain meter information are:
- Radio frequency (RF)
- Telephone
- Coaxial cable
- Power line carrier (“PLC”)
- All AMR technologies employ a device attached to the meter, retrofitted inside the meter or built into/onto the meter. This device is commonly referred to in the meter reading industry as the Meter Interface Unit, or MIU. Many of the MIU's of these competing products are transceivers which receive a “wake up” polling signal or a request for their meter information from a transceiver mounted in a passing vehicle or carried by the meter reader, known as a mobile data collection unit (“MDCU”). The MIU then responsively broadcasts the meter number, the meter reading, and other information to the MDCU. After obtaining all the meter information required, the meter reader attaches the MDCU to a modem line or directly connects it to the utility's computer system to convey the meter information to a central billing location. Usually these “drive by” or “walk by” AMR products operate under
Part 15 of the FCC Rules, primarily because of the scarcity of, or the expense of obtaining, licenses to the RF spectrum. While these types of AMR systems do not eliminate the field force of meter readers, they do increase the efficiency of their data collection effort and, consequentially, fewer meter readers are required to collect the data. - Some AMR systems which use RF eliminate the field force entirely by using a network of RF devices that function in a cellular, or fixed point, fashion. That is, these fixed point systems use communication concentrators to collect, store and forward data to the utilities' central processing facility. While the communication link between the MIU and the concentrator is ahnost always either RF under
Part 15 or PLC, the communication link between the concentrator and the central processing facility can be telephone line, licensed RF, cable, fiber optic, public carrier RF (CDPD, PCS) or LEO satellite RF. The advantage of using RF or PLC for the “last mile” of the communication network is that it is not dependent on telephone lines and tariffs. - One advantage of AMR systems is for use with fluid meters, such as residential and commercial water meters, as these meters are typically more difficult to access, and are often concealed behind locked access points, such as heavy lids.
- There is desired an improved AMR device and methodology which improves the accuracy of the AMR meter reading and compensates for clock drift of internal clocks, such as caused by differences in crystal oscillation.
- The present invention achieves technical advantages as an automated meter reading (AMR) device adapted to be synchronized by a signal provided by a remote device.
- In one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the AMR device may be synchronized to a standardized clock, such as the automatic clock provided by NIST out of Boulder, Colo. USA on station WWVB. Advantageously, this external clock re-synchronizes the internal clock of the AMR to compensate for clock drift, such as caused by differences in crystal oscillation.
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FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a data transmitting module according to the present invention adapted to a household electric meter; -
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a data transmitting device according to a second embodiment of the present invention adapted to be fastened onto a water meter pit lid and adapted to read a water meter; -
FIG. 3 is a electrical block diagram of an electric meter unit according to the first embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 4 is an electrical block diagram of a water meter unit according to a second embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 5 is a signal timing diagram of the optical sensor unit for the electric meter ofFIG. 3 ; -
FIG. 6 is a signal timing diagram of the optical sensor of the water meter unit ofFIG. 4 ; -
FIG. 7 is a byte data format diagram for the water and electric meter units; -
FIG. 8 is a timing diagram of an initiated wake-up sequence by a remote programming device; -
FIG. 9 is a timing diagram of a command/response sequence of the controller to the remote programming device; -
FIG. 10 is a timing diagram of a sleep command being provided to the controller; -
FIG. 11 is a sleep timing diagram of sequence; -
FIG. 12 is a timing diagram of an oscillator of the water meter unit; -
FIG. 13 is a timing diagram of the controller communicating with the EE PROM of the water and electric units; -
FIG. 14 is a timing diagram of the controller of the water unit measuring interval battery voltages; -
FIG. 15 is a full electrical schematic of the electric meter unit according to the first preferred embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 16 is a full electrical schematic of the water meter unit according to the second embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 17 is a full schematic diagram of a receiver adapted to receive and process modulated data signals from the data transmitting devices according to the present invention; and -
FIG. 18 shows a flow diagram of another preferred embodiment of the present invention providing an alert when a rate of product delivery meets or exceeds a threshold. - Referring now to
FIG. 1 , there is illustrated a household electric meter unit generally shown at 10 having adapted therewith an electricmeter reading unit 12 according to a first preferred embodiment of the present invention coupled to sense ablack spot 13 on the rotating meter disk generally shown at 14.Electric meter unit 12 has an optical sensor for detecting the passing of theback spot 13 therepast to ascertain the consumed amount of electricity correlated to the read out of thevisual display 15 ofmeter unit 10. -
FIG. 2 is the perspective view of a water meter unit according to a second preferred embodiment of the present invention generally being shown at 16. Thecircular structure 18 on the top ofdevice 16 is adapted to fasten theunit 16 onto a water meter pit lid (not shown) with an antenna node (not shown) sticking up through a hold drilled through the pit lid. - Referring now to
FIG. 3 , there is illustrated an electrical block diagram of theelectric meter unit 12 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.Electric meter unit 12 is seen to include acontroller 20, which may comprise of a microcontroller, a digital signal processor (DSP) or other suitable controlling device, preferably being a programmable integrated circuit having suitable software programming.Device 12 is further seen to include an infrared (IR)optical sensor 22 adapted to sense the passing of theblack spot 13 of the metereddisk 14 ofelectric meter unit 10.Optical sensor 22 preferably operates by generating pulses of light using a light emitting diode, and sensing the reflection of light from themeter disk 14, and determining the passing of theblack spot 13 by sensing a reduced reflection of the impinging light therefrom. -
Electric meter unit 12 is further seen to include a memory device comprising anEE PROM 28 storing operating parameters and control information for use bycontroller 20. AnAC sense module 30 is also coupled tocontroller 20 and senses the presence ofAC power 33 being provided to themeter unit 10 via anAC interface 32. - A radio frequency (RF)
transmitter 36 is coupled to and controlled bycontroller 20, and modulates a formatted data signal provided thereto online 38.RF transmitter 36 modulates the formatted data signal provided thereto, preferably transmitting the modulated signal at a frequency of about 916.5 MHz at 9600 bits per second (BPS), although other frequencies or data rates are suitable and limitation to this frequency or baud rate is not to be inferred. - A programming
optical port 40 is provided and coupled tocontroller 20 which permits communication betweencontroller 20 and an external opticalinfrared device 42 used for programmingcontroller 20, and for selectively diagnosing the operation ofelectric meter unit 12 via theoptical port 40.Optical port 40 has an IR transceiver adapted to transmit and receive infrared signals to and from theexternal device 42 when theexternal device 42 is disposed proximate theoptical port 40 for communication therewith.Device 42 asynchronously communicates with controller in a bi-directional manner viaport 40, preferably at 19,200 baud. -
Optical sensor 22 communicates via a plurality of signals withcontroller 20.Optical sensor 22 provides analog voltages indicative of and corresponding to the sensed black spot ofdisk 24 via a pair ofdata lines controller 20. - Referring now to
FIG. 4 , there is generally shown detailed electrical block diagram of thewater meter unit 16 according to the second preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein like numerals refer to like elements to those shown inFIG. 3 . Thewater meter unit 16 is substantially similar to theelectric meter unit 12 in function, but having some differences necessary for operation with a household water meter unit. Specifically,water meter unit 16 has anoptical sensor 60 adapted to be positioned proximate awater meter face 62 having aneedle 64, which needle 64 indicates a consumed amount of water communicated through the water meter unit.Optical sensor 60 senses the position ofneedle 64 via infrared (IR) sensing electronics, and provides the sensed position ofneedle 64 viacommunication link 66 to anoptical sensor interface 68. The sensed position ofneedle 64 is provided as a data signal comprising an analog voltage transmitted online 70 to anADC 72 ofcontroller 20. In this embodiment,water meter unit 16 is provided with aninternal battery 80 powering themicrocontroller 20 and other circuitry, preferably being a lithium battery operating at about 3.6 volts. A batteryvoltage measuring unit 82 senses and measures the current operating voltage ofbattery 80, and outputs an analog voltage signal indicative thereof online 84 to anADC 86 ofmicrocontroller 20. The value of the analog voltage signal online 84 is a function of the battery voltage ofbattery 80 and is about 1.2 volts whenbattery 80 is providing 3.6 volts. The value of the Battery Voltage Measuring circuit is about 1.2V, but the perceived value by the ADC is a function of the ADC Ref voltage, which is the battery voltage. For example, if the ADC measures the 1.2V and it was 33% full scale of the ref voltage (battery voltage), then the battery voltage would be: 1.2×1/0.33=3.6V. The 1.2V is constant over a wide battery voltage range. - A
low power oscillator 90 operating at about 32 kHz generates a 4 Hz logic interrupt signal tocontroller 20, which controls the speed ofcontroller 20. By providing only a 4 Hz interrupt signal,microcontroller 20 operates at a very slow speed, and thus consumes very little power allowingwater meter unit 16 to operate at up to about 10 years without requiring replacement oflithium battery 80. - The
EE PROM 28 is selectively enabled by themicrocontroller 20 via an enableline 96, and once enabled, communication between themicrocontroller 20 and theEE PROM 28 follows an IIC protocol. Likewise, the batteryvoltage measuring device 82 is selectively enabled powered by themicrocontroller 20 via acontrol line 98 such that the battery voltage is sensed only periodically by the 10controller 20 to conserve power. - The
optical sensor 60 is controlled bycontroller 20 viaoptical sensor interface 68 to determine the water position and presence ofmeter needle 64. Thesensor 60 is attached to the lens of the water meter (not shown). An infrared (IR) signal 100 is periodically transmitted from thesensor 60, and the reflection of the IR signal is measured by thesensor 60 to determine the passage ofneedle 64. Thesensor 60 operates in cyclic nature where the sensing is performed every 250 milliseconds. The intensity of the IR signal transmitted bysensor 60 is controlled by two drivelines oncontrol line 66 from themicrocontroller 20. The IR intensity is set according to the optical characteristics of the water meter face. Thesensor 60 emits an intense, but short burst of IR light. TheIR receiver 68 responsively generates an analog voltage onsignal line 70 which voltage is a function of the received IR light intensity fromoptical sensor 60. This voltage is connected directly to theADC 72 of thecontroller 20. Thecontroller 20 measures this converted (digital) signal, and uses the value in an algorithm that ascertains the value over time to determine if the water meter needle has passed under thesensor 60. The algorithm also compensates for the effects of stray light. The mechanical shape of thesensor 60 and orientation of the IR devices, such as light emitting diodes, determines the optical performance of the sensor and its immunity to stray IR light. - The
water meter unit 16 periodically transmits a modulated formatted data signal on anRF link 110 that is preferably tuned at 916.5 MHz with on-off-keyed data at 9600 bits per second (9600 baud). Thetransmitter 36 transmits the data in formatted packets or messages, as will be discussed shortly. These formatted messages are transmitted at a repetition rate that has been initialized into theunit 16, and which may be selectively set between every one second and up to intervals of every 18 hours, and which may be changed via theoptical port 40 by the programming externaloptical device 42. The formatted messages modulated by thetransmitter 36, as will be discussed shortly, contain fields including an opening flag, message length, system number, message type, data, check sum and closing flag, as will be discussed shortly in reference toFIG. 7 . The messages are variable length, whereby the message length field indicates how long the message is. The message type field indicates how to parse or decode the data field. Different messages carry and combine different data items. Data items include network ID, cumulative meter reading, clock time, battery voltage, sensor tamper, sensor diagnostic, and trickle flags. - As previously mentioned,
low power 32kHz oscillator 90 generates a 4 Hz square wave output. This signal is connected to thecontroller 20 which causes an interrupt ever 250 milliseconds. The microcontroller uses this interrupt for clock and timing functions. In normal mode, the microcontroller is asleep and wakes up every 200 milliseconds and performs a scheduling task for about 50 milliseconds. If a task is scheduled to execute, it will execute that task and return to sleep. In normal mode, all tasks are executed within the 250 millisecond window. - Further shown in both
FIG. 3 andFIG. 4 is atime synch receiver 102 coupled vialine 104 tomicrocontroller 20 utilized bymeter 10 to adjust and synchronize the internal clock (not shown) of themicrocontroller 20. The internal clock is based on anoscillator 106. Thereceiver 102 receives a standardized clock, or other clock of choice, from an external device, such as communicated thereto as an RF signal viaantenna 104, although this external clock could be provided by other communication technologies such as provided infrared wireline, such as during field service. Themicrocontroller 20 advantageously utilizes the external clock to compensate for clock drift caused by differences in crystal oscillation ofoscillator 106. - In one preferred embodiment of the invention, the external clock is a 60 KHz time synch signal provided by the National Institute of Standard Time (NIST), out of Boulder Colo., from station WWVB. This external clock could also be provided by other synchronization services available worldwide.
- In the case of the
optical sensor 22 ofFIG. 3 , thesensor 22 is attached to the electric meter such that the sensor faces the metered disk surface. The IR signal is periodically transmitted from the sensor and the reflection is measured. As the black spot passes under the sensor, a variation in the reflected IR signal occurs. The sensor operates in cyclic nature where the sensing is performed every 33 milliseconds. The IR receiver ofsensor 22 generates analog voltages onlines ADC 72 in themicrocontroller 20. Thecontroller 20 measures this converted (digitized) voltage, and used the value in the algorithm. The algorithm senses the values over time to determine if the black spot has passed under the sensor. To detect reverse rotation of the metered disk, thesensor 22 has two sensors, as shown. Thecontroller 22, with its algorithm, determines the direction of disk rotation as the black spot passes thesensor 22. The black spot is a decal and does not reflect IR light. This is determined by the decal's material, color and surface texture. As with the water meter, the algorithm and sensor shrouding compensate for the effects of stray light. - The
AC line interface 32 interfaces to the AC line coupled to the electric meter through a resistive tap. The resistors limit the current draw from the AC line to theelectric meter unit 12. The AC is then rectified and regulated to power theunit 12. TheAC sensor 30 detects the presence of AC voltage on theAC line 33. The sensed AC is rectified and a pulse is generated bysensor 30. This pulse is provided to themicrocontroller 20 where it is processed to determine the presence of adequate AC power. - Referring now to
FIG. 5 , there is shown a waveform diagram of the signals exchanged between theoptical sensor 22 and thecontroller 20 of theelectric meter unit 12 shown inFIG. 3 . The logic signals generated bycontroller 20 control theoptical sensor 22 to responsively generate an IR signal and sense a refracted IR signal from the metereddisk 24. It can be seen that the reflected 0.3 millisecond IR signal is acquired within 1.3 milliseconds after enabling for sensing byADC 54 and processed bycontroller 20. Preferably, this measuring sequence is performed every 33 milliseconds, which periodic rate can be programmed viaoptical port 40 if desired. - Referring now to
FIG. 6 , there is shown the timing diagram of the signals betweenoptical sensor 68 andcontroller 20 forwater meter unit 16 ofFIG. 4 . The logic of the driving signals is shown below in Table 1.TABLE 1 Net Sensor Drive Drive 1 Drive 2High 0 0 Medium 0 1 Low 1 0 - As shown in the timing diagram of
FIG. 6 , the analog signal provided online 70 byoptical sensor 68 rises to an accurate readable voltage in about 140 milliseconds, and has a signal width of about 270 milliseconds. The period of the analog voltage is about 250 milliseconds, corresponding to a signal acquisition rate of 4 Hz corresponding to the timing frequency provided online 92 tocontroller 20. - Referring now to
FIG. 7 , there is shown the message format of the data signal provided bycontroller 20 onoutput line 38 toRF transmitter 36. The message is generally shown at 120 and is seen to have several fields including: - opening flag (OF) comprised of two bytes;
- message length (ML) having a length of one byte;
- system number (SN) having a length of one byte;
- message type (MT) one byte;
- data, which length is identified by the message length parameter (ML);
- check sum (CSUM) two bytes; and
- closing flag (CF) one byte.
- Further seen is the data format of one byte of data having one start bit and 8 bits of data non-returned to zero (NRZ) and one stop-bit. The length of each byte is preferably 1.04 milliseconds in length.
- Referring now to
FIG. 8 , there is illustrated the message format and timing sequence of messages generated between the externaloptical timing device 42 andmicrocontroller 20 viaoptical port 40. As shown inFIG. 8 , a plurality of synchronization bytes are provided bydevice 42 on the receive data (RXD) line tocontroller 20, and upon the recognition of the several bytes bycontroller 20, thecontroller 20 generates a response message to the wake-up message on the transmit data (TXD) line viaoptical port 40 to theexternal device 42. Thereafter, shown inFIG. 9 , a command data message may be provided by theexternal device 42 tocontroller 20 on receive data line RXD, with response data, if required, being responsively returned on the transmit data line TXD todevice 42 if required by the command. - As shown in
FIG. 10 , a sleep command is then generated byexternal device 42 upon which no response bycontroller 20 is generated and theunit 12 goes to sleep. As shown inFIG. 11 , after a command has been sent tocontroller 20, and responded to, theunit 12 will time out after a predetermined period of time if no other commands are received, such as 120 seconds, with a message being sent bycontroller 20 on transmit line TXD indicating to theexternal device 42 that theunit 12 has gone to sleep. - The message sequence shown in
FIGS. 8-11 applies equally to both theelectric unit 12 and thewater unit 16. Referring now toFIG. 12 , there is illustrated the 4 Hz square wave interrupt signal generated by thelow power oscillator 90 to themicrocontroller 20. - Referring to
FIG. 13 , there is illustrated the timing of communications between theEE PROM 28 and thecontroller 20, whereby the EE PROM is enabled by a logic one signal online 96, with bi-directional data being transferred using an IIC link on lines SCL, and lines SDA. This applies to both thewater unit 16 and theelectric unit 12. - Referring to
FIG. 14 , there is illustrated the timing diagram for sensing the internal battery voltage in thewater meter unit 16 shown inFIG. 4 . A logic high signal is generated on enableline 98 bycontroller 20, whereby thebattery measuring unit 82 responsively senses the battery voltage vialine 130 fromDC battery 80.Battery measuring unit 82 responsively provides an analog voltage signal online 84 indicative of the voltage ofbattery 80 to theADC 86 ofcontroller 20. The analog voltage provided onsignal line 84 is approximately 1.2 volts when thebattery 80 is at full strength, being about 3.6 volts. - Referring now to
FIG. 15 , there is illustrated a detailed schematic diagram of theelectric meter unit 12, wherein like numerals shown inFIG. 3 refer to like elements. - Referring now to
FIG. 16 there is illustrated a detailed schematic diagram of thewater meter unit 16, shown inFIG. 4 , wherein like numerals refer to like elements. - Referring now to
FIG. 17 , there is illustrated a detailed schematic diagram of an external receiver unit adapted to receive and intelligently decode the modulated formatted data signals provided onRF carrier 110 by theRF transmitter 36. Thisreceiver 140 both demodulates the RF carrier, preferably operating at 916.5 MHz, at 9600 baud, and decodes the demodulated signal to ascertain the data in the fields ofmessage 120 shown inFIG. 7 . Thisreceiver unit 140 has memory for recording all data collected from the particular sensored units being monitored by a field operator driving or walking in close proximity to the particular measuring unit, whether it be a water meter, gas meter or electric meter, depending on the particular meter being sensed and sampled. All this data is later downloaded into remote computers for ultimate billing to the customers, by RF carrier or other communication means. - In a preferred embodiment, the
RF carrier 110 is generated at about 1 milliwatt, allowing forreceiver 140 to ascertain the modulated data signal at a range of about 1,000 feet depending on RF path loss. TheRF transmitters 36 are low power transmitters operating in microburst fashion operating underpart 15 of the FCC rules. Thereceiver 140 does not have transmitting capabilities. The receiver is preferably coupled to a hand held computer (not shown) carried by the utility meter reader who is walking or driving by the meter location. - In the case of the
electric meter unit 12, the device obtains electrical power to operate from the utility side of the power line to the meter and is installed within the glass globe of the meter. The main circuit board of this device doubles as a mounting bracket and contains a number of predrilled holes to accommodate screws to attach to various threaded bosses present in most electric meters. - In the case of the water meter, electric power is derived from the internal lithium battery. The
water meter unit 12 resides under the pit lid of the water meter unit, whereby theantenna 142 is adapted to stick out the top of the pit lid through a pit lid opening to facilitate effective RF transmission of the RF signal to theremote receiver 140. - The present invention derives technical advantages by transmitting meter unit information without requiring elaborate polling methodology employed in conventional mobile data collection units. The meter units can be programmed when installed on the meter device, in the case of the water and gas meters, or when installed in the electric meter. The external programming
diagnostic device 42 can communicate with theoptical port 40 of the units via infrared technology, and thus eliminates a mechanical connection that would be difficult to keep clean in an outdoor environment. Also, theoptical port 40 of the present invention is not subject to wear and tear like a mechanical connection, and allows communication through the glass globe of an electric meter without having to remove the meter or disassemble it. In the case of the electric meter, the present invention eliminates a potential leakage point in the electric meter unit and therefore allows a more watertight enclosure. - The transmitting meter units of the present invention can be programmed by the utility to transmit at predetermined intervals, determined and selected to be once ever second to up to several hours between transmissions. Each unit has
memory 28 to accommodate the storage of usage profile data, which is defined as a collection of meter readings at selected intervals. For example, the unit can be programmed to gather interval meter readings ever hour. If the unit is set to record interval readings every hour, thememory 28 may hold the most recent 72 days worth of interval data. This interval data constitutes the usage profile for that service point. Typically, the utility uses this information to answer customer complaints about billings and reading and as a basis for load research studies. The profile intervals are set independently of the transmitting interval and the device does not broadcast the interval data. The only way this interval data can be retrieved by the utility is to attach theprogramming unit 42 to the meter unit of the present invention and download the file to a handheld or laptop computer. With theprogramming unit 42, one can determine the status of the battery on the water meter which is including in the profile data. - The present invention allows one to selectively set the transmission intervals thereby controlling the battery life. The longer the interval, the longer the battery life. In the case of electric meter unit, power is derived directly from the utility side of the electric service to the meter. The battery on the water meter unit is not intended to be field replaceable. In order to control cost, the water meter product is designed to be as simple as possible with the water meter unit enclosure being factory sealed to preserve the watertight integrity of the device. Preferably, a D size lithium cell is provided, and the unit is set to transmit once every second, providing a battery life of about 10 years. The water meter unit of the present invention can be fitted to virtually any water meter in the field and the utility can reap the benefits of the present invention without having to purchase a competitor's proprietary encoder and software. In the case of existing water meters that incorporate an encoder which senses the rotation of the water meter, these encoders incorporate wire attachments points that allow attachments to the manufactures proprietary AMR device. The present invention derives advantages whereby the
sensor 60 of the present invention can be eliminated, with thesensor cable 66 being coupled directly to the terminals on the encoder of this type of device. - Referring now to
FIG. 18 , there is shown at 200 a flow diagram of another preferred embodiment of the present invention.Algorithm 200 is preferably embodied as a software algorithm withinmicrocontroller 20 of thewater meter device 16 depicted inFIG. 4 , although the algorithm could be embodied in hardware if desired. Hence, the invention is not limited to software, as the preferred embodiment will now be described. -
Microcontroller 20, as previously described, is adapted to ascertain the rate of fluid delivery by the fluid meter, such as water delivered to a residential or commercial customer. This present invention is well suited to facilitate conservation enforcement of consumed products according to local ordinances, such as water conservation. Thealgorithm 200 begins atstep 210, whereby a predetermined detection threshold is programmed into the meter, such as by a field technician or a remote monitoring station. This predetermined detection threshold may by programmed as a digital word into themicrocontroller 20 via theoptical port 40 by a field technician, but may also be programmed into themicrocontroller 20 by any wireless signal via a suitable receiver, such as a wireless signal transmitted in an unlicensed frequency band and transmitted by a transmitter having a power level no greater than 1 mW in compliance with theFCC Part 15 requirements. - At
step 220,microcontroller 20 continuously determines if the delivery rate of the delivered product exceeds a rate corresponding to the predetermined threshold programmed into themicrocontroller 20. Excess consumption may be defined as a predetermined amount of product delivered instantaneously or over a predetermined time period. For instance, the rate of delivery may be a predetermined amount of fluid delivered over a one minute period of time, such as 100 gallons delivered in a one minute time period. Of course, depending on the customer and/or restrictions in place during use, this threshold limit can be programmed and updated as necessary. - At
step 230, if excess consumption is not detected, an active warning flag, if present, is cleared atmicrocontroller 20 atstep 240. If, however, atstep 230 an excessive consumption rate is detected, then a consumption warning flag is set bymicrocontroller 20 atstep 250. For instance, this flag could be a logic high on one or more bits of a digital word. Themicrocontroller 20, responsive to determining an excessive consumption rate, generates an alert indicative of this high consumption rate which is transmitted via theRF transmitter 36 to a physically remote station at a frequency within an unlicensed frequency band, and at a power level no greater than 1 mW. Preferably, this alert is transmitted in compliance withPart 15 of the FCC rules. The algorithm then proceeds to step 260 and returns to the main loop. - Advantageously,
microcontroller 20 causes this alert to be generated and sent without requiring external polling by a remote device, and without the assistance of a wireless communication network. As previously mentioned, the device includes aninternal battery 80 such that theAMR device 16 can operate for an extended period of time in locations where electricity is not available. - Advantageously, this alert is only transmitted when an excess consumption event is detected, which further reduces power consumption and extends the life of the battery. This alert is adapted to be remotely reset from the
AMR device 16, such as by a field technician viatransceiver 40, or from another physically remote station via any suitable wireless link. For instance, the alert can be wirelessly reset via an infrared link, or by an RF signal which may be a fixed frequency signal, a spread spectrum signal, a frequency hopping signal, or other suitable RF modulated signal. - This alert provides a timely notice to a remote party, such as the public utility which can responsively dispatch a party to investigate this alert, and turn off a water main should a serious leak or flooding be present, or if excess consumption is verified. In addition, a remote monitoring party may also be alerted, such as a security company contracted by the party being serviced, which in turn can alert the public utility or other party of the high delivery rate.
- Due to the increased efforts of conservation, and enforcement of violators not meeting conservation requirements, the utility can also issue warnings and citations for excessive consumption of water delivery, which electronic records substantiate proof of a violation.
- Though the invention has been described with respect to a specific preferred embodiment, many variations and modifications will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the present application. It is therefore the intention that the appended claims be interpreted as broadly as possible in view of the prior art to include all such variations and modifications.
Claims (26)
1. A device for coupling to a meter measuring product delivery, comprising:
an interface module adapted to couple to the meter, the interface module providing a first signal indicative of the product delivery; and
a module having a transmitter and a controller receiving the first signal, the module creating and storing usage profile data as a function of the product delivery, wherein the controller has a clock adapted to be synchronized by a remotely provided synchronization signal.
2. The device as specified in claim 1 wherein the remotely provided synchronization signal is based on a standardized clock.
3. The device as specified in claim 2 wherein the synchronization signal is based on an atomic clock.
4. The device as specified in claim 3 wherein the synchronization signal is based on the atomic clock generated by NIST.
5. The device as specified in claim 1 wherein the transmitter is a wireless transmitter.
6. The device as specified in claim 5 wherein the wireless transmitter operates in an unlicensed frequency band.
7. The device as specified in claim 6 wherein the transmitter has a power level no greater than 1 mW.
8. The device as specified in claim 5 wherein the transmitter sends the alert without requiring external polling by a physically remote device.
9. The device as specified in claim 5 wherein the transmitter operates without the assistance of a wireless communications network.
10. The device as specified in claim 7 wherein the device includes an internal battery and operates therefrom.
11. The device as specified in claim 6 wherein the transmitter transmits the alert at a fixed frequency.
12. The device as specified in claim 6 wherein the transmitter transmits the alert as a spread spectrum signal.
13. The device as specified in claim 15 wherein the transmitter is a wireless transmitter operating in an unlicensed frequency band and having a power level no greater than 1 mW, and transmits the alert without requiring external polling or the assistance of a wireless communications network.
14. A method of operating an automated meter reading (AMR) device, comprising the steps of:
coupling the AMR device having a transmitter, a controller and a controller clock to a meter measuring product delivery; and
synchronizing the controller clock using a synchronization signal received from a physically remote device.
15. The method as specified in claim 14 wherein the remotely provided synchronization signal is based on a standardized clock.
16. The device as specified in claim 15 wherein the synchronization signal is based on an atomic clock.
17. The device as specified in claim 16 wherein the synchronization signal is based on the atomic clock generated by NIST.
18. The device as specified in claim 14 wherein the transmitter is a wireless transmitter.
19. The device as specified in claim 18 wherein the wireless transmitter operates in an unlicensed frequency band.
20. The device as specified in claim 19 wherein the wireless transmitter has a power level no greater than 1 mW.
21. The device as specified in claim 18 wherein the wireless transmitter sends data indicative of the measured product delivery without requiring external polling by a physically remote device.
22. The device as specified in claim 18 wherein the wireless transmitter operates without the assistance of a wireless communications network.
23. The device as specified in claim 20 wherein the AMR device includes an internal battery and operates therefrom.
24. The device as specified in claim 19 wherein the wireless transmitter transmits the alert at a fixed frequency.
25. The device as specified in claim 19 wherein the wireless transmitter transmits the alert as a spread spectrum signal.
26. The device as specified in claim 14 wherein the transmitter is a wireless transmitter operating in an unlicensed frequency band and having a power level no greater than 1 mW, and transmits the alert without requiring external polling or the assistance of a wireless communications network.
Priority Applications (1)
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US11/315,070 US20060158347A1 (en) | 1999-10-16 | 2005-12-22 | Automated meter reader having time synchronization circuit |
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US09/419,743 US6710721B1 (en) | 1999-10-16 | 1999-10-16 | Radio frequency automated meter reading device |
US09/896,502 US6798352B2 (en) | 1999-10-16 | 2001-06-29 | Optical sensor for utility meter |
US10/952,043 US7315257B2 (en) | 1999-10-16 | 2004-09-28 | Automated meter reader having high product delivery rate alert generator |
US11/315,070 US20060158347A1 (en) | 1999-10-16 | 2005-12-22 | Automated meter reader having time synchronization circuit |
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US11/315,070 Abandoned US20060158347A1 (en) | 1999-10-16 | 2005-12-22 | Automated meter reader having time synchronization circuit |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20050225455A1 (en) | 2005-10-13 |
US7315257B2 (en) | 2008-01-01 |
US7248181B2 (en) | 2007-07-24 |
US20050110656A1 (en) | 2005-05-26 |
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