US20060172135A1 - Layered envirochromic materials, applications and methods of preparation thereof - Google Patents

Layered envirochromic materials, applications and methods of preparation thereof Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US20060172135A1
US20060172135A1 US11/311,290 US31129005A US2006172135A1 US 20060172135 A1 US20060172135 A1 US 20060172135A1 US 31129005 A US31129005 A US 31129005A US 2006172135 A1 US2006172135 A1 US 2006172135A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
envirochromic
layer
base layer
materials
layered
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US11/311,290
Inventor
Satish Agrawal
Robb Osinski
Robert Winskowicz
Clifford Parker
Edward Kingsley
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Performance Indicator LLC
Original Assignee
Performance Indicator LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Performance Indicator LLC filed Critical Performance Indicator LLC
Priority to US11/311,290 priority Critical patent/US20060172135A1/en
Assigned to PERFORMANCE INDICATOR LLC reassignment PERFORMANCE INDICATOR LLC ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KINGSLEY, EDWARD, AGRAWAL, SATISH, PARKER, CLIFFORD, WINSKOWICZ, ROBERT, OSINSKI, ROBB J.
Publication of US20060172135A1 publication Critical patent/US20060172135A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K11/00Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
    • C09K11/06Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63BAPPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B37/00Solid balls; Rigid hollow balls; Marbles
    • A63B37/0003Golf balls
    • A63B37/0023Covers
    • A63B37/0024Materials other than ionomers or polyurethane
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63BAPPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B37/00Solid balls; Rigid hollow balls; Marbles
    • A63B37/0003Golf balls
    • A63B37/005Cores
    • A63B37/0051Materials other than polybutadienes; Constructional details
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05DPROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D5/00Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
    • B05D5/06Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain multicolour or other optical effects
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05DPROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D7/00Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D7/50Multilayers
    • B05D7/52Two layers
    • B05D7/54No clear coat specified
    • B05D7/542No clear coat specified the two layers being cured or baked together
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05DPROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D7/00Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D7/50Multilayers
    • B05D7/52Two layers
    • B05D7/54No clear coat specified
    • B05D7/546No clear coat specified each layer being cured, at least partially, separately
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K11/00Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
    • C09K11/02Use of particular materials as binders, particle coatings or suspension media therefor
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K9/00Tenebrescent materials, i.e. materials for which the range of wavelengths for energy absorption is changed as a result of excitation by some form of energy
    • C09K9/02Organic tenebrescent materials
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63BAPPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B2225/00Miscellaneous features of sport apparatus, devices or equipment
    • A63B2225/76Miscellaneous features of sport apparatus, devices or equipment with means enabling use in the dark, other than powered illuminating means
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63BAPPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B37/00Solid balls; Rigid hollow balls; Marbles
    • A63B37/0003Golf balls
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63BAPPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B43/00Balls with special arrangements
    • A63B43/06Balls with special arrangements with illuminating devices ; with reflective surfaces
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2211/00Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
    • C09K2211/10Non-macromolecular compounds
    • C09K2211/1003Carbocyclic compounds
    • C09K2211/1007Non-condensed systems
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2211/00Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
    • C09K2211/10Non-macromolecular compounds
    • C09K2211/1018Heterocyclic compounds
    • C09K2211/1025Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands
    • C09K2211/1088Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands containing oxygen as the only heteroatom
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31652Of asbestos
    • Y10T428/31663As siloxane, silicone or silane
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31786Of polyester [e.g., alkyd, etc.]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31855Of addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
    • Y10T428/31935Ester, halide or nitrile of addition polymer

Definitions

  • the field of the subject matter disclosed herein is envirochromic materials, specifically layered envirochromic materials, applications of those materials and methods of preparation thereof.
  • Thermochromic materials are those materials that change in color as the temperature rises or falls around the material.
  • Reversible thermochromic materials that are negative working that is, materials that change in color from a colored to a colorless state as temperature increases are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,028,118 and 4,717,770.
  • Positive working thermochromic materials that is, those materials that change from colorless to colored as the temperature is increased are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,421,560.
  • Solvent-based formulations containing encapsulated thermochromic materials and methods of printing thereof are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,139,779.
  • a disadvantage to utilizing thermochromic materials is that they are prone to photolytic degradation.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 4,425,161 discloses the addition of certain cationic compounds to the thermochromic materials for enhancing their photolytic stability.
  • Fluorescent photochromic materials are those materials that are activated by light or radiation.
  • Reversible fluorescent photochromic materials that are positive working that is, materials which are colorless under ambient lighting conditions and colored in daylight (generally activated by ultra violet radiation), are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,562,172; 3,578,602; and 4,215,010.
  • Reverse photochromic materials are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,884,697. Methods for preparing printing inks using such materials are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,630,869.
  • Photochromic materials are also subject to photolytic degradation causing light fatigue, that is, repeated exposure to light causes these materials to loose their photochromism.
  • U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,212,898 and 3,666,352 teaches the use of UV absorbers alongside photochromic materials—the latter advocating the use of UV absorbers such as benzophenone with photochromic mercury thiocarbazonate materials to retard photolytic degradation.
  • Phosphorescent photochromic materials are often referred to as “glow in the dark” materials.
  • Reversible phosphorescent photochromic materials are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,857,228 and 6,599,444. Such materials have been utilized in several consumer products to provide cosmetic, safety, or informational benefits to the consumer.
  • thermochromic, fluorescent or phosphorescent materials there are several patents that describe the use of the thermochromic, fluorescent or phosphorescent materials in various applications.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 6,196,241 describes an umbrella where the fabric is treated with thermochromic or photochromic dyes to provide fashion benefits.
  • the umbrella can change colors during rain or when the sun comes out, depending on the dye utilized.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,985,381 provides antidetection benefits by providing increased or decreased camouflage on clothing depending on thermal conditions.
  • U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,130,760; 6,046,455 and 6,465,791 also disclose safety benefits by utilizing dosimeter embodiment for photochromic dyes.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,389,093 describes a diaper product that changes color because of temperature changes in the diaper caused by waste buildup in the diaper.
  • the technology used to monitor the temperature changes in the diaper product is similar to that used in the '241 patent previously mentioned, i.e. the fabric is treated with a thermochromic dye.
  • the applications cited above have a single layer construction in that the color changing material is applied to the object in question as a single layer.
  • Such embodiments can be rendered to create either a colored to colorless color change, or a colorless to colored color change, or a color change from one color to another.
  • These single layer embodiments yield dull and darker colors and consequently lack the brightness to make the color change visually striking.
  • a single layer embodiment results in a non-robust image that is subject to scratches abrasion etc.
  • the thermochromic dyes specifically dyes based on electron donating and electron accepting materials such as those described in U.S. Pat. Nos.
  • thermochromic, fluroscent photochromic, phosphorescent photochromic compounds or a combination thereof that are constructed from a variey of substrate materials such as PVCacrylics, urethanes polyester, nylon etc.
  • substrate construction materials may be rigid or flexible.
  • the color changing indicators previously mentioned are hereinafter referred to as “envirochromic materials” and can respond to environmental changes to provide at least one of the following: safety controls or indicators, environmental information indicators, fashion accessories, fun and entertainment options or a combination thereof.
  • a layered envirochromic material contains at least one substrate or surface material; at least one base layer coupled to the at least one substrate or surface material; and at least one envirochromic layer coupled to the at least one base layer.
  • Methods of producing the layered envirochromic materials include providing a surface or substrate; applying at least one base layer component on to the surface; curing the at least one base layer component to form a base layer; applying at least one envirochromic layer component on to the surface; and curing the at least one envirochromic layer component to form the envirochromic layer.
  • Additional methods include providing a surface or substrate; applying at least one base layer component on to the surface; applying at least one envirochromic layer component on to the at least one base layer component; and curing the at least one base layer component and at least one envirochromic layer component to form the layered material.
  • New products have surprisingly been developed that address the problems associated with various compounds and their uses, including developing products which have color changing indicators based on thermochromic, fluroscent photochromic, phosphorescent photochromic compounds or a combination thereof and that are constructed from a variey of substrate materials such as PVCacrylics, urethanes polyester, nylon etc.
  • the substrate or surface construction materials or components may be rigid or flexible.
  • the color changing indicators disclosed and described herein are hereinafter referred to as “envirochromic materials” and can respond to environmental changes to provide at least one of the following: safety controls or indicators, environmental information indicators, fashion accessories, fun and entertainment options or a combination thereof.
  • a system construction has also been developed such that the visual impact of the color change is striking, the indicator indicia are robust, the applied images patterns or indicia are photolytically stable and the product is not only durable for the user but also environmentally stable.
  • These new products are also desirable and useful to consumers in many fields of use, including food products, entertainment, sports, transportation, weather protection, decorating, indoor and outdoor sanitation or a combination thereof.
  • a multilayer system construction or layered material has been designed so as to create a visually striking impact of the color change, to be durable with respect to scratches and abrasions and to have weatherometric robustness, such as photolytic stability and atmospheric stability for the indicator indicia or images.
  • the multilayered system construction and/or layered material can have at least two functional layers, and in some embodiments three or more functional layers, with each functional layer providing one or more specific functionalities or performing one or more specific functions, as described in detail below.
  • One contemplated embodiment comprises a three functional layer structure with a base layer providing functionality for maximizing or that maximizes the desired visual impact of the color change of at least part of the layered material, an envirochromic layer providing functionality for triggering a state change that is, either colorless to colored, or colored to colorless, or from one color to another, and a protective layer that provides functionality for handling and weatherometric robustness for the underlying image.
  • the protective layer can also provide a visual enhancement function when desired by providing a reflective component or gloss for image viewing.
  • the base functional layer may produce the desired functionality either by a single or multiple layers of material, depending on the application and product.
  • the base layer may be constructed either by blending the final color dye or pigment before fabrication of the layered material, such as by extrusion or molding or formation of plastic, glass, paper etc., or by a coating application process such as gravure, flexo, roll or blade coating etc., or by printing application processes such as screen printing or pad printing etc.
  • a base layer construction would to apply a layer containing a dye or pigment material including one or more fluorescent dyes or pigments that will render a brilliant final color.
  • the envirochromic layer (applied on top of this layer) would generally function as an optical switch going from colored to colorless.
  • This indicator could be accomplished by the base layer having the appropriate dye or pigment for the desired visual impact.
  • Another application of a base layer construction is where the base layer contains just a white reflective pigment coating to maximze the color rendering of the envirochromic materials. In this type of application the envirochromic layer would go from either colorless to colored or from one color to another.
  • the base layer may also comprise multiple layers.
  • An example of a two layer base functional layer is contemplated when the base layer is being applied to a rigid or flexible plastic or other material containing a strong absorbing color different from the final color.
  • the base layer will consist of a hidden layer consisting of a white reflective pigment application followed by the layer rendering the final color such as that described above.
  • the base functional layer could become a three layer construction. In this case, one has to first create a desired oversized (oversized relative to final color image) contrast color image followed by a white reflective image followed by final color image application.
  • the base layer in addition to serving the function of enhancing the visual impact of the final color will also serve as a platform for the additional layers and/or functional layers. Therefore, it is important to consider the components of the base layer with respect to the components of additional layers in order to avoid color bleeding, undesirable chemical reactions between layers of materials and deterioration of the desired visual impact of the layered materials.
  • the second layer applied on top of the base layer will contain the envirochromic layer.
  • the envirochromic layer may have one or more layers, where the layer or layers comprise at least one layer of envirochromic dyes, pigments or inks.
  • Envirochromic dyes, pigments or inks are those that change color or texture with a changing environment, such as heat, cold, rain, sunshine, UV rays, snow, dark, light or a combination thereof.
  • Envirochromic dyes, pigments or inks are contemplated to be those described herein earlier, conventional envirochromic dyes, pigments or inks, envirochromic dyes, pigments or inks that are yet to be developed or a combination thereof.
  • Envirochromic inks, dyes and pigments may be clear until triggered, opaque until triggered or a particular color until triggered. Once triggered by an environmental condition, the ink, dye or pigment will change—whether it changes from clear to opaque or colored, from opaque to clear or colored or from colored to opaque or clear.
  • Contemplated envirochromic layers can be any suitable chromic layer, including thermochromic components, fluorescent photochromic components, phosphorescent photochromic components or a combination thereof.
  • the base layer will generally be a white reflective pigment application.
  • the envirochromic layer will be oversized with respect to the top or final color-containing component of the base layer and further will be opaque or colored until triggered for a color change. This will enable the object to be hidden until it is discovered by activation.
  • fluorescence or “fluorescent” means a type of luminescence in which an atom or molecule emits visible radiation in passing from a higher to a lower electronic state. The terms are restricted to phenomena in which the time interval between absorption and emission of energy is extremely short (10 ⁇ 8 to 10 ⁇ 3 second). This time interval distinguishes fluorescence from “phosphorescence”, in which the time interval may be extended to several hours.
  • photochromic means the characteristic of a transparent material to darken reversibly when exposed to light or the characteristic of a dark material or colored material to lighten or become transparent reversibly when exposed to light. (see Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Twelfth Edition, Richard J. Lewis, Sr. (editor))
  • the envirochromic layer will comprise photochromic phosphorescent materials, along with a resin/binder component, such that the total solid content of phosphor and resin is greater than at least 55% and in some other embodiments is greater than at least 75%.
  • the phosphor may be combined with a high extinction fluorescent absorber, such that the fluorescent absorber is activated by visible light during the daytime hours and by phosphor emission during night hours.
  • the phosphor and fluorescent absorber amounts are adjusted such that at nighttime there exists a phosphor emission peak as well as a phosphor excited emission peak of the fluorescent absorber to create night colors that are different from the phosphor color and to further create a nighttime palette of colors which emanate from adding the two spectra.
  • the envirochromic components may be diluted in appropriate solvents to form coating solutions and applied to various layers of materials in fabricating the layered materials contemplated herein.
  • the coating solutions may be applied by any suitable method or process, including those already described herein.
  • the envirochromic components and materials are designed to be readily integrated into existing layered materials or fabrication processes.
  • third layer may be applied to the envirochromic layer.
  • Contemplated third layers or additional layers will comprise an optically clear layer which, as is well known to those in the art, can be tailored to provide the requisite toughness for durability and weathering. Where necessary, such as for thermochromic materials and in certain cases for photochromic materials UV absorbers can be incorporated in the clear coat to provide photolytic stability.
  • the layered material may comprise two layers—a base layer and an envirochromic layer—where the envirochromic layer is tailored so that it comprises components that act as toughening agents or protectants.
  • Adhesion promoters may be added to any of the layers or materials that comprise the layered material in order to facilitate increased and durable adhesion and/or bonding of the coupled layers. Adhesion promoters may be added directly to the components that form the layer or may be added to one or more layers after curing and before the next layer is applied.
  • the term “coupled” means that the surface and layer or two layers are physically attached to one another or there's a physical attraction between two parts of matter or components, including bond forces such as covalent and ionic bonding, and non-bond forces such as Van der Waals, electrostatic, coulombic, hydrogen bonding and/or magnetic attraction.
  • the term coupled is meant to encompass a situation where the surface and applied layer or layers are directly attached to one another, but the term is also meant to encompass the situation where the surface and applied layer or layers are coupled to one another indirectly—such as the case where there's an adhesion promoter layer between the surface and applied layer or where there's another layer altogether between the surface and applied layer or layers.
  • Contemplated substrate materials may comprise virtually any substance upon which a compound can be deposited.
  • contemplated substrates include metals and non-metals, conductors and non-conductors, flexible and inflexible materials, absorbent and non-absorbent materials, flat and curved materials, textured and non-textured materials, solid and hollow materials, and both large and small objects.
  • the wide breadth of contemplated substrates gives some indication of the scope of contemplated objects to which the present teachings may advantageously be applied.
  • Methods and apparatus taught herein may also be used to produce less intricate surface coatings, or even full surface coatings such as might be employed in preparing reflective coatings for mirrors. Methods and apparatus described taught are especially useful for preparing full or partial surface coatings on curved surfaces, such as decorations on the sides of a motor vehicle.
  • layer or “layers” as used herein refer to any and all layers formed and means any continuous layer or patterned layer.
  • the patterns contemplated include any arrangement of points, dots, pictures, designs, whether isolated or combined to form lines, filled in spaces and so forth. Thus, some contemplated patterns include straight and curved lines, intersections of lines, lines with widened or narrowed areas, ribbons, overlapping lines. Other contemplated patterns include pictures and designs, such as logos, cartoon characters, game boards, letters, icons, symbols or another other suitable picture or design based on the product. Combinations of patterns are also contemplated.
  • the protective layer is applied to the, envirochromic layer or a combination thereof.
  • the protective layer may comprise any coating that can protect the underlying layers from the environment and provide handling robustness.
  • Protective layers may be clear or may contain pigment, UV absorbers, etc, so long as the underlying pigment and envirochromic dyes, inks or pigments can be viewed under certain conditions.
  • Protective layers may also absorb UV rays.
  • Methods of producing a layered envirochromic component or material include: a) providing a surface or substrate; b) applying at least one base layer component on to the surface; c) curing the base layer component to form a base layer; d) applying at least one envirochromic layer component on to the base layer; and e) curing the at least one envirochromic layer component to form the envirochromic layer.
  • Each layer can be applied to the layered component and subsequently cured before additional layers are added or all layers can be applied to form the layered component and then the entire stack is cured at one time.
  • another group of base layer components may be applied and cured before the first layer of envirochromic components is applied.
  • the envirochromic layer meaning that once the envirochromic layer is cured, another group of envirochromic components may be applied and cured.
  • protective components that will form a protective layer may be optionally applied to the cured envirochromic layers.
  • the components of the base layer, the envirochromic layer and/or the protective layer may be provided by any suitable method, including a) buying at least some of the base layer, the envirochromic layer and/or the protective layer from a supplier; b) preparing or producing at least some of the base layer, the envirochromic layer and/or the protective layer in house using chemicals provided by another source and/or c) preparing or producing at least some of the base layer, the envirochromic layer and/or the protective layer in house using chemicals also produced or provided in house or at the location.
  • an ink jet type printer with head movement controlled in three dimensions may be used. Layers and/or coatings can be applied or deposited using otherwise ordinary printing equipment.
  • embodiments disclosed herein may utilize an ink jet type dispenser, or a nib, while other embodiments may utilize a stamp or roller.
  • Embodiments may also employ flexographic printing equipment, offset printing devices, silk screening, stamping or micro-stamping, and various spraying equipment.
  • any printing or application process and equipment that uses inks can be employed effectively with embodiments of the present teachings. The ability to utilize such printing equipment not only lowers capital and production costs, but also greatly increases the speed at which deposits can be made on a substrate.
  • an ink jet type dispenser could dispense different metal compounds as readily as it could dispense different color inks.
  • the layered materials described herein may be applied to an inflatable pool.
  • these layered materials can be utilized as entertainment (for e.g. to reveal hidden objects when touched by hand or exposed to high temperature, as a safety indicator (via a color change and/or either a cautionary sign when the water is too cold or a safe sign when water is at a comfortable temperature or when UV rays increase beyond normal safe levels), or as a fashion accessory (to show patterns or cartoon logos).
  • a Twister® or other game board could be created on the bottom of the pool.
  • the inflatable pool is large enough, the users of the pool could act as the “game pieces” in an underwater game of chess or checkers.
  • the layered materials may also be designed as “chemical indicators”. For example, if someone urinates in the pool, the inside of the pool will change colors, so that the water can be replaced before a health hazard develops.
  • Layered materials may be applied to golf balls in order to better find them underwater. For example, when a golf ball drops into a water hazard, it could change colors to a bright color, so that it can be easily spotted by the golfer.
  • the golf ball can also comprise base layers or envirochromic inks, dyes or pigments that glow in the dark for those golfers who play at night. Materials that may be utilized herein are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,623,382, 6,358,160, 6,277,037, 5,938,544, 5,823,891, 5,774,997 and US Patent Application No.: 20040058753, all of which are commonly-owned by Performance Indicator and are incorporated herein in their entirety by reference.
  • Layered materials may also be utilized as containers or wraps for food products.
  • a milk carton can be the basis of or part of the layered materials contemplated herein, and when the milk spoils, the carton changes colors or presents a caution icon.
  • layered materials may be used to wrap meats in supermarkets, in order to indicate to the consumer if the meat is fresh or spoiled.
  • the functional layers of material may be combined into one layer in order to provide a thinner and more useful wrap.
  • Layered materials may also be applied as paints inside homes or commercial buildings. Paints utilized in this way may present a different color when the envirochromic dye, ink or pigment is exposed to carbon monoxide gas, volatile organic compound (VOC) contaminated air or a water leak. VOC contaminated air is common in buildings where the air supply is exposed to the fumes from a loading dock.
  • VOC volatile organic compound
  • Layered materials may be applied to utensils or china, such as plates, cups, bowls, etc., glasses or plastic storage containers. Layered materials utilized in this way can indicate to a consumer when something that's in the microwave is hot or when leftovers are spoiled. Layered materials can also be used with plastic containers or freezer bags to indicate when something is frozen or thawed.
  • Layered materials as contemplated herein, may be used as automobile coatings or paints. Layered materials utilized in this manner could present or glow when cars are in the dark or in the rain/fog. This use would not only provide additional safety for the consumer, but also for other drivers and pedestrians on the road.
  • Layered materials may be used in holiday decorations or ornaments in order to save electricity, meet homeowners' associations requirements for decorations, provide multiple images or decorations for a fraction of the cost of traditional decorations, etc.
  • Layered materials may also be used to form labels or indicators on medical supplies, chemical supplies, pharmaceutical supplies and other supplies that may be adversely affected by the surrounding atmosphere.
  • a bottle of insulin may have a layered material such as those described herein applied as a label, so that when the conditions surrounding the bottle become such that the insulin is probably damaged or compromised that the patient or doctor is alerted.
  • the label could turn from white to bright red when the temperature of the storage facility exceeds a particular and safe temperature.
  • chemicals that are supposed to be kept dry and away from humidity could have labels or indicators that change to bright blue when the atmosphere has exceeded a particular humidity level—as is common in the southern and coastal states.
  • layered materials and imaging chemistries may be utilized on projects that include spoilage indicators for food containers (i.e., milk, deli meats, etc); tamper-evident/authentication indicators (e.g., U.S. Army soldiers' meals “MRE'S”); entertainment and safety features for inflatable pools and swim-related products; color change for adhesives that indicate cure; and novel systems for everyday consumer products such as shower curtains, cook ware, drink ware, and lawn ornaments.

Abstract

A layered envirochromic material is described herein that contains at least one substrate or surface material; at least one base layer coupled to the at least one substrate or surface material; and at least one envirochromic layer coupled to the at least one base layer. Methods of producing the layered envirochromic materials include providing a surface or substrate; applying at least one base layer component on to the surface; curing the at least one base layer component to form a base layer; applying at least one envirochromic layer component on to the surface; and curing the at least one envirochromic layer component to form the envirochromic layer. Additional methods include providing a surface or substrate; applying at least one base layer component on to the surface; applying at least one envirochromic layer component on to the at least one base layer component; and curing the at least one base layer component and at least one envirochromic layer component to form the layered material.

Description

    CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
  • This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/637,535, filed Dec. 20, 2004 (Attorney Docket No. 7044531001), titled, “Layered Envirochromic Materials, Applications and Methods of Preparation Thereof,” which is incorporated by reference herein for all purposes.
  • FIELD OF THE SUBJECT MATTER
  • The field of the subject matter disclosed herein is envirochromic materials, specifically layered envirochromic materials, applications of those materials and methods of preparation thereof.
  • BACKGROUND
  • In the 21st century, consumers are looking for more information about the products that they buy, and they are also looking for more from those products. Desirable products are those that meet specific needs and in some cases, provide added benefits to the consumer. These added benefits may be additional safety controls or indicators, environmental information indicators, shelf life indicators, authentication & tamper indicators, fashion accessories and/or fun & entertainment options. There are a number of patents in the field of thermochromic and fluorescent materials, however, many if not all of the patents disclosed suffer from certain drawbacks, such as providing entertainment only options, components that break down and deteriorate over time or under certain conditions, and a lack of versatility—from day to night, from rain to shine and from cold to hot, for example.
  • Thermochromic materials are those materials that change in color as the temperature rises or falls around the material. Reversible thermochromic materials that are negative working, that is, materials that change in color from a colored to a colorless state as temperature increases are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,028,118 and 4,717,770. Positive working thermochromic materials, that is, those materials that change from colorless to colored as the temperature is increased are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,421,560. Solvent-based formulations containing encapsulated thermochromic materials and methods of printing thereof are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,139,779. A disadvantage to utilizing thermochromic materials is that they are prone to photolytic degradation. U.S. Pat. No. 4,425,161 discloses the addition of certain cationic compounds to the thermochromic materials for enhancing their photolytic stability.
  • Fluorescent photochromic materials are those materials that are activated by light or radiation. Reversible fluorescent photochromic materials that are positive working, that is, materials which are colorless under ambient lighting conditions and colored in daylight (generally activated by ultra violet radiation), are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,562,172; 3,578,602; and 4,215,010. Reverse photochromic materials, are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,884,697. Methods for preparing printing inks using such materials are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,630,869. Photochromic materials are also subject to photolytic degradation causing light fatigue, that is, repeated exposure to light causes these materials to loose their photochromism. U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,212,898 and 3,666,352 teaches the use of UV absorbers alongside photochromic materials—the latter advocating the use of UV absorbers such as benzophenone with photochromic mercury thiocarbazonate materials to retard photolytic degradation.
  • Phosphorescent photochromic materials are often referred to as “glow in the dark” materials. Reversible phosphorescent photochromic materials are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,857,228 and 6,599,444. Such materials have been utilized in several consumer products to provide cosmetic, safety, or informational benefits to the consumer.
  • There are several patents that describe the use of the thermochromic, fluorescent or phosphorescent materials in various applications. U.S. Pat. No. 6,196,241 describes an umbrella where the fabric is treated with thermochromic or photochromic dyes to provide fashion benefits. For example, the umbrella can change colors during rain or when the sun comes out, depending on the dye utilized. However, there are no specific safety benefits or added environmental information indicators given that would indicate to the user weather conditions in advance of opening the umbrella.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,985,381 provides antidetection benefits by providing increased or decreased camouflage on clothing depending on thermal conditions. U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,130,760; 6,046,455 and 6,465,791 also disclose safety benefits by utilizing dosimeter embodiment for photochromic dyes.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,389,093 describes a diaper product that changes color because of temperature changes in the diaper caused by waste buildup in the diaper. The technology used to monitor the temperature changes in the diaper product is similar to that used in the '241 patent previously mentioned, i.e. the fabric is treated with a thermochromic dye.
  • The applications cited above have a single layer construction in that the color changing material is applied to the object in question as a single layer. Such embodiments can be rendered to create either a colored to colorless color change, or a colorless to colored color change, or a color change from one color to another. In the latter case, for the single layer embodiment there is a dye or pigment blended with the temperature or photo activated material. These single layer embodiments yield dull and darker colors and consequently lack the brightness to make the color change visually striking. Additionally, a single layer embodiment results in a non-robust image that is subject to scratches abrasion etc. Furthermore, the thermochromic dyes, specifically dyes based on electron donating and electron accepting materials such as those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,028,118, 4,717,770 cited above, are subject to photolytic degradation. Similarly photochromic materials such as for example those cited in U.S. Pat. No. 3,562,172 are subject to light fatigue. One might consider that blending UV absorbers in with the chromic materials may be beneficial, but realistically blending these components is generally not an effective way to improve photolytic stability.
  • Based on the state of the art and the problems associated with various compounds and their uses, it would be beneficial to have products which have color changing indicators based on thermochromic, fluroscent photochromic, phosphorescent photochromic compounds or a combination thereof that are constructed from a variey of substrate materials such as PVCacrylics, urethanes polyester, nylon etc. The substrate construction materials may be rigid or flexible. The color changing indicators previously mentioned are hereinafter referred to as “envirochromic materials” and can respond to environmental changes to provide at least one of the following: safety controls or indicators, environmental information indicators, fashion accessories, fun and entertainment options or a combination thereof.
  • In order to produce these products, one needs to develop a system construction such that the visual impact of the color change is striking, the indicator indicia are robust, the applied images patterns or indicia are photolytically stable and the product is not only durable for the user but also environmentally stable. One also needs to develop products that are desirable and useful to consumers in many fields of use, including food products, entertainment, sports, transportation, weather protection, decorating, indoor and outdoor sanitation or a combination thereof.
  • SUMMARY OF THE SUBJECT MATTER
  • A layered envirochromic material is described herein that contains at least one substrate or surface material; at least one base layer coupled to the at least one substrate or surface material; and at least one envirochromic layer coupled to the at least one base layer.
  • Methods of producing the layered envirochromic materials include providing a surface or substrate; applying at least one base layer component on to the surface; curing the at least one base layer component to form a base layer; applying at least one envirochromic layer component on to the surface; and curing the at least one envirochromic layer component to form the envirochromic layer.
  • Additional methods include providing a surface or substrate; applying at least one base layer component on to the surface; applying at least one envirochromic layer component on to the at least one base layer component; and curing the at least one base layer component and at least one envirochromic layer component to form the layered material.
  • DETAILED DESCRIPTION
  • New products have surprisingly been developed that address the problems associated with various compounds and their uses, including developing products which have color changing indicators based on thermochromic, fluroscent photochromic, phosphorescent photochromic compounds or a combination thereof and that are constructed from a variey of substrate materials such as PVCacrylics, urethanes polyester, nylon etc. The substrate or surface construction materials or components may be rigid or flexible. As mentioned in the Background Section, the color changing indicators disclosed and described herein are hereinafter referred to as “envirochromic materials” and can respond to environmental changes to provide at least one of the following: safety controls or indicators, environmental information indicators, fashion accessories, fun and entertainment options or a combination thereof.
  • A system construction has also been developed such that the visual impact of the color change is striking, the indicator indicia are robust, the applied images patterns or indicia are photolytically stable and the product is not only durable for the user but also environmentally stable. These new products are also desirable and useful to consumers in many fields of use, including food products, entertainment, sports, transportation, weather protection, decorating, indoor and outdoor sanitation or a combination thereof.
  • Specifically, in contemplated embodiments, a multilayer system construction or layered material has been designed so as to create a visually striking impact of the color change, to be durable with respect to scratches and abrasions and to have weatherometric robustness, such as photolytic stability and atmospheric stability for the indicator indicia or images.
  • The multilayered system construction and/or layered material can have at least two functional layers, and in some embodiments three or more functional layers, with each functional layer providing one or more specific functionalities or performing one or more specific functions, as described in detail below.
  • One contemplated embodiment comprises a three functional layer structure with a base layer providing functionality for maximizing or that maximizes the desired visual impact of the color change of at least part of the layered material, an envirochromic layer providing functionality for triggering a state change that is, either colorless to colored, or colored to colorless, or from one color to another, and a protective layer that provides functionality for handling and weatherometric robustness for the underlying image. The protective layer can also provide a visual enhancement function when desired by providing a reflective component or gloss for image viewing.
  • The base functional layer may produce the desired functionality either by a single or multiple layers of material, depending on the application and product. The base layer may be constructed either by blending the final color dye or pigment before fabrication of the layered material, such as by extrusion or molding or formation of plastic, glass, paper etc., or by a coating application process such as gravure, flexo, roll or blade coating etc., or by printing application processes such as screen printing or pad printing etc. One example of a base layer construction would to apply a layer containing a dye or pigment material including one or more fluorescent dyes or pigments that will render a brilliant final color. In this type of application, the envirochromic layer (applied on top of this layer) would generally function as an optical switch going from colored to colorless. This indicator could be accomplished by the base layer having the appropriate dye or pigment for the desired visual impact. Another application of a base layer construction is where the base layer contains just a white reflective pigment coating to maximze the color rendering of the envirochromic materials. In this type of application the envirochromic layer would go from either colorless to colored or from one color to another.
  • As stated earlier the base layer may also comprise multiple layers. An example of a two layer base functional layer is contemplated when the base layer is being applied to a rigid or flexible plastic or other material containing a strong absorbing color different from the final color. In such a case so as not to reduce final color impact or vibrancy, the base layer will consist of a hidden layer consisting of a white reflective pigment application followed by the layer rendering the final color such as that described above.
  • There will be occasions where in order to create a visually striking final color, it may be necessary to first apply a specific contrasting color layer to enable striking visual impact of the final color. In such an embodiement, the base functional layer could become a three layer construction. In this case, one has to first create a desired oversized (oversized relative to final color image) contrast color image followed by a white reflective image followed by final color image application.
  • The base layer in addition to serving the function of enhancing the visual impact of the final color will also serve as a platform for the additional layers and/or functional layers. Therefore, it is important to consider the components of the base layer with respect to the components of additional layers in order to avoid color bleeding, undesirable chemical reactions between layers of materials and deterioration of the desired visual impact of the layered materials.
  • The second layer applied on top of the base layer will contain the envirochromic layer. The envirochromic layer may have one or more layers, where the layer or layers comprise at least one layer of envirochromic dyes, pigments or inks. Envirochromic dyes, pigments or inks are those that change color or texture with a changing environment, such as heat, cold, rain, sunshine, UV rays, snow, dark, light or a combination thereof. Envirochromic dyes, pigments or inks are contemplated to be those described herein earlier, conventional envirochromic dyes, pigments or inks, envirochromic dyes, pigments or inks that are yet to be developed or a combination thereof. Envirochromic inks, dyes and pigments may be clear until triggered, opaque until triggered or a particular color until triggered. Once triggered by an environmental condition, the ink, dye or pigment will change—whether it changes from clear to opaque or colored, from opaque to clear or colored or from colored to opaque or clear.
  • Contemplated envirochromic layers can be any suitable chromic layer, including thermochromic components, fluorescent photochromic components, phosphorescent photochromic components or a combination thereof. When phosphorescent photochromic materials or components are used, the base layer will generally be a white reflective pigment application. For example, when the color change is for the benefit of fun and entertainment and the object is to create a game of discovering hidden images that are revealed by a suitable trigger, the envirochromic layer will be oversized with respect to the top or final color-containing component of the base layer and further will be opaque or colored until triggered for a color change. This will enable the object to be hidden until it is discovered by activation.
  • As used herein, the term “fluorescence” or “fluorescent” means a type of luminescence in which an atom or molecule emits visible radiation in passing from a higher to a lower electronic state. The terms are restricted to phenomena in which the time interval between absorption and emission of energy is extremely short (10−8 to 10−3 second). This time interval distinguishes fluorescence from “phosphorescence”, in which the time interval may be extended to several hours. The term “photochromic” means the characteristic of a transparent material to darken reversibly when exposed to light or the characteristic of a dark material or colored material to lighten or become transparent reversibly when exposed to light. (see Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Twelfth Edition, Richard J. Lewis, Sr. (editor))
  • In some contemplated embodiments, the envirochromic layer will comprise photochromic phosphorescent materials, along with a resin/binder component, such that the total solid content of phosphor and resin is greater than at least 55% and in some other embodiments is greater than at least 75%. In other embodiments, the phosphor may be combined with a high extinction fluorescent absorber, such that the fluorescent absorber is activated by visible light during the daytime hours and by phosphor emission during night hours. In these embodiments, the phosphor and fluorescent absorber amounts are adjusted such that at nighttime there exists a phosphor emission peak as well as a phosphor excited emission peak of the fluorescent absorber to create night colors that are different from the phosphor color and to further create a nighttime palette of colors which emanate from adding the two spectra. In this embodiment, there may be no need for a base layer or a protective layer.
  • The envirochromic components may be diluted in appropriate solvents to form coating solutions and applied to various layers of materials in fabricating the layered materials contemplated herein. The coating solutions may be applied by any suitable method or process, including those already described herein. The envirochromic components and materials are designed to be readily integrated into existing layered materials or fabrication processes.
  • An optional third layer may be applied to the envirochromic layer. Contemplated third layers or additional layers will comprise an optically clear layer which, as is well known to those in the art, can be tailored to provide the requisite toughness for durability and weathering. Where necessary, such as for thermochromic materials and in certain cases for photochromic materials UV absorbers can be incorporated in the clear coat to provide photolytic stability.
  • Another contemplated embodiment comprises the use of two functional layers, one being the envirochromic layer and the other being the protective layer with functionality as described above. In yet another contemplated embodiment, the layered material may comprise two layers—a base layer and an envirochromic layer—where the envirochromic layer is tailored so that it comprises components that act as toughening agents or protectants.
  • Adhesion promoters may be added to any of the layers or materials that comprise the layered material in order to facilitate increased and durable adhesion and/or bonding of the coupled layers. Adhesion promoters may be added directly to the components that form the layer or may be added to one or more layers after curing and before the next layer is applied. As used herein, the term “coupled” means that the surface and layer or two layers are physically attached to one another or there's a physical attraction between two parts of matter or components, including bond forces such as covalent and ionic bonding, and non-bond forces such as Van der Waals, electrostatic, coulombic, hydrogen bonding and/or magnetic attraction. Also, as used herein, the term coupled is meant to encompass a situation where the surface and applied layer or layers are directly attached to one another, but the term is also meant to encompass the situation where the surface and applied layer or layers are coupled to one another indirectly—such as the case where there's an adhesion promoter layer between the surface and applied layer or where there's another layer altogether between the surface and applied layer or layers.
  • Contemplated substrate materials may comprise virtually any substance upon which a compound can be deposited. For example, contemplated substrates include metals and non-metals, conductors and non-conductors, flexible and inflexible materials, absorbent and non-absorbent materials, flat and curved materials, textured and non-textured materials, solid and hollow materials, and both large and small objects. Viewed from another perspective, the wide breadth of contemplated substrates gives some indication of the scope of contemplated objects to which the present teachings may advantageously be applied. Methods and apparatus taught herein may also be used to produce less intricate surface coatings, or even full surface coatings such as might be employed in preparing reflective coatings for mirrors. Methods and apparatus described taught are especially useful for preparing full or partial surface coatings on curved surfaces, such as decorations on the sides of a motor vehicle.
  • It should be understood at this point that the term “layer” or “layers” as used herein refer to any and all layers formed and means any continuous layer or patterned layer. The patterns contemplated include any arrangement of points, dots, pictures, designs, whether isolated or combined to form lines, filled in spaces and so forth. Thus, some contemplated patterns include straight and curved lines, intersections of lines, lines with widened or narrowed areas, ribbons, overlapping lines. Other contemplated patterns include pictures and designs, such as logos, cartoon characters, game boards, letters, icons, symbols or another other suitable picture or design based on the product. Combinations of patterns are also contemplated.
  • The protective layer is applied to the, envirochromic layer or a combination thereof. The protective layer may comprise any coating that can protect the underlying layers from the environment and provide handling robustness. Protective layers may be clear or may contain pigment, UV absorbers, etc, so long as the underlying pigment and envirochromic dyes, inks or pigments can be viewed under certain conditions. Protective layers may also absorb UV rays.
  • Methods of producing a layered envirochromic component or material are described that include: a) providing a surface or substrate; b) applying at least one base layer component on to the surface; c) curing the base layer component to form a base layer; d) applying at least one envirochromic layer component on to the base layer; and e) curing the at least one envirochromic layer component to form the envirochromic layer. Each layer can be applied to the layered component and subsequently cured before additional layers are added or all layers can be applied to form the layered component and then the entire stack is cured at one time. In additional embodiments, once the base layer is cured, another group of base layer components may be applied and cured before the first layer of envirochromic components is applied. The same strategy is true for the envirochromic layer—meaning that once the envirochromic layer is cured, another group of envirochromic components may be applied and cured. In addition, protective components that will form a protective layer may be optionally applied to the cured envirochromic layers.
  • The components of the base layer, the envirochromic layer and/or the protective layer may be provided by any suitable method, including a) buying at least some of the base layer, the envirochromic layer and/or the protective layer from a supplier; b) preparing or producing at least some of the base layer, the envirochromic layer and/or the protective layer in house using chemicals provided by another source and/or c) preparing or producing at least some of the base layer, the envirochromic layer and/or the protective layer in house using chemicals also produced or provided in house or at the location.
  • For such applications, an ink jet type printer with head movement controlled in three dimensions may be used. Layers and/or coatings can be applied or deposited using otherwise ordinary printing equipment. Thus, embodiments disclosed herein may utilize an ink jet type dispenser, or a nib, while other embodiments may utilize a stamp or roller. Embodiments may also employ flexographic printing equipment, offset printing devices, silk screening, stamping or micro-stamping, and various spraying equipment. As mentioned above, it is contemplated that any printing or application process and equipment that uses inks can be employed effectively with embodiments of the present teachings. The ability to utilize such printing equipment not only lowers capital and production costs, but also greatly increases the speed at which deposits can be made on a substrate. The increase in speed is especially apparent when depositing complex patterns, or when depositing a plurality of different substances. In various embodiments of the present teachings, for example, an ink jet type dispenser could dispense different metal compounds as readily as it could dispense different color inks.
  • EXAMPLES OF APPLICATIONS
  • Applications of these novel layered materials are broad. For example, the layered materials described herein may be applied to an inflatable pool. Once applied to the inflatable pool, these layered materials can be utilized as entertainment (for e.g. to reveal hidden objects when touched by hand or exposed to high temperature, as a safety indicator (via a color change and/or either a cautionary sign when the water is too cold or a safe sign when water is at a comfortable temperature or when UV rays increase beyond normal safe levels), or as a fashion accessory (to show patterns or cartoon logos). For entertainment purposes, a Twister® or other game board could be created on the bottom of the pool. If the inflatable pool is large enough, the users of the pool could act as the “game pieces” in an underwater game of chess or checkers. The layered materials may also be designed as “chemical indicators”. For example, if someone urinates in the pool, the inside of the pool will change colors, so that the water can be replaced before a health hazard develops.
  • Layered materials, as described herein, may be applied to golf balls in order to better find them underwater. For example, when a golf ball drops into a water hazard, it could change colors to a bright color, so that it can be easily spotted by the golfer. The golf ball can also comprise base layers or envirochromic inks, dyes or pigments that glow in the dark for those golfers who play at night. Materials that may be utilized herein are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,623,382, 6,358,160, 6,277,037, 5,938,544, 5,823,891, 5,774,997 and US Patent Application No.: 20040058753, all of which are commonly-owned by Performance Indicator and are incorporated herein in their entirety by reference.
  • Layered materials, as contemplated herein, may also be utilized as containers or wraps for food products. For example, a milk carton can be the basis of or part of the layered materials contemplated herein, and when the milk spoils, the carton changes colors or presents a caution icon. In other embodiments, layered materials may be used to wrap meats in supermarkets, in order to indicate to the consumer if the meat is fresh or spoiled. For food and dairy applications, the functional layers of material may be combined into one layer in order to provide a thinner and more useful wrap.
  • Layered materials, as contemplated herein, may also be applied as paints inside homes or commercial buildings. Paints utilized in this way may present a different color when the envirochromic dye, ink or pigment is exposed to carbon monoxide gas, volatile organic compound (VOC) contaminated air or a water leak. VOC contaminated air is common in buildings where the air supply is exposed to the fumes from a loading dock.
  • Layered materials, as contemplated herein, may be applied to utensils or china, such as plates, cups, bowls, etc., glasses or plastic storage containers. Layered materials utilized in this way can indicate to a consumer when something that's in the microwave is hot or when leftovers are spoiled. Layered materials can also be used with plastic containers or freezer bags to indicate when something is frozen or thawed.
  • Layered materials, as contemplated herein, may be used as automobile coatings or paints. Layered materials utilized in this manner could present or glow when cars are in the dark or in the rain/fog. This use would not only provide additional safety for the consumer, but also for other drivers and pedestrians on the road.
  • Layered materials, as contemplated herein, may be used in holiday decorations or ornaments in order to save electricity, meet homeowners' associations requirements for decorations, provide multiple images or decorations for a fraction of the cost of traditional decorations, etc.
  • Layered materials, as contemplated herein, may also be used to form labels or indicators on medical supplies, chemical supplies, pharmaceutical supplies and other supplies that may be adversely affected by the surrounding atmosphere. For example, a bottle of insulin may have a layered material such as those described herein applied as a label, so that when the conditions surrounding the bottle become such that the insulin is probably damaged or compromised that the patient or doctor is alerted. In this case, the label could turn from white to bright red when the temperature of the storage facility exceeds a particular and safe temperature. In another example, chemicals that are supposed to be kept dry and away from humidity could have labels or indicators that change to bright blue when the atmosphere has exceeded a particular humidity level—as is common in the southern and coastal states.
  • As shown, there are numerous opportunities for the use of the layered materials and imaging chemistries to indicate obsolescence, spoilage, loss of efficacy, safety, authentication, or tamper-evidence. There also exists an untapped niche market for utilizing color change to differentiate all types of household products with color change for either useful visual indication or simply fashion. These layered materials and imaging chemistries may be utilized on projects that include spoilage indicators for food containers (i.e., milk, deli meats, etc); tamper-evident/authentication indicators (e.g., U.S. Army soldiers' meals “MRE'S”); entertainment and safety features for inflatable pools and swim-related products; color change for adhesives that indicate cure; and novel systems for everyday consumer products such as shower curtains, cook ware, drink ware, and lawn ornaments.
  • Therefore, it should be obvious from all of the examples described herein that the layered materials described herein may be used on a broad range of applications. Specific embodiments and applications of layered envirochromic materials have been disclosed. It should be apparent, however, to those skilled in the art that many more modifications besides those already described are possible without departing from the inventive concepts herein. The inventive subject matter, therefore, is not to be restricted except in the spirit of the disclosure presented herein. Moreover, in interpreting the disclosure, all terms should be interpreted in the broadest possible manner consistent with the context. In particular, the terms “comprises” and “comprising” should be interpreted as referring to elements, components, or steps in a non-exclusive manner, indicating that the referenced elements, components, or steps may be present, or utilized, or combined with other elements, components, or steps that are not expressly referenced.

Claims (19)

1. A layered material, comprising:
(a) at least one substrate or surface material;
(b) at least one base layer coupled to the at least one substrate or surface material; and
(c) at least one envirochromic layer coupled to the at least one base layer.
2. The layered material of claim 1, wherein the base layer comprises at least one layer of material or components.
3. The layered material of claim 2, wherein the base layer comprises at least one dye or pigment.
4. The layered material of claim 3, wherein at least part of the at least one dye or pigment is fluorescent.
5. The layered material of claim 3, wherein at least part of the base layer comprises a white reflective pigment.
6. The layered material of claim 1, wherein the envirochromic layer comprises at least one layer of envirochromic dyes, pigments or inks.
7. The layered material of claim 6, wherein the envirochromic dyes, pigments or inks comprise those dyes, pigments or inks that change color or texture with a fluctuating environment.
8. The layered material of claim 7, wherein the fluctuating environment comprises heat, cold, rain, sunshine, UV rays, snow, dark, light or a combination thereof.
9. The layered material of claim 1, wherein the envirochromic layer comprises at least one of a thermochromic component, a fluorescent photochromic component, a phosphorescent photochromic component or a combination thereof.
10. The layered material of claim 1, further comprising at least one protective layer.
11. The layered material of claim 10, wherein the at least one protective layer is transparent.
12. The layered material of claim 10, wherein the at least one protective layer comprises pigment, UV absorbers or a combination thereof.
13. The layered material of claim 1 or claim 10 further comprising an adhesion promoter.
14. A method of producing a layered envirochromic material, comprising
(a) providing a surface or substrate;
(b) applying at least one base layer component on to the surface;
(c) curing the at least one base layer component to form a base layer;
(d) applying at least one envirochromic layer component on to the surface; and
(e) curing the at least one envirochromic layer component to form the envirochromic layer.
15. The method of claim 14, further comprising applying protective components that will form a protective layer to the cured envirochromic layers.
16. The method of claim 14, wherein the base layer comprises at least two layers of materials.
17. The method of claim 14, wherein the envirochromic layer comprises at least two layers of materials.
18. A method of producing a layered envirochromic component, comprising
(a) providing a surface or substrate;
(b) applying at least one base layer component on to the surface;
(c) applying at least one envirochromic layer component on to the at least one base layer component; and
(d) curing the at least one base layer component and at least one envirochromic layer component to form the layered material.
19. The method of claim 18, further comprising applying protective components that will form a protective layer to the cured layered material.
US11/311,290 2004-12-20 2005-12-20 Layered envirochromic materials, applications and methods of preparation thereof Abandoned US20060172135A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/311,290 US20060172135A1 (en) 2004-12-20 2005-12-20 Layered envirochromic materials, applications and methods of preparation thereof

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US63753504P 2004-12-20 2004-12-20
US11/311,290 US20060172135A1 (en) 2004-12-20 2005-12-20 Layered envirochromic materials, applications and methods of preparation thereof

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20060172135A1 true US20060172135A1 (en) 2006-08-03

Family

ID=36602251

Family Applications (8)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US11/311,290 Abandoned US20060172135A1 (en) 2004-12-20 2005-12-20 Layered envirochromic materials, applications and methods of preparation thereof
US11/311,289 Abandoned US20060159925A1 (en) 2004-12-20 2005-12-20 High-intensity, persistent thermochromic compositions and objects, and methods for creating the same
US11/793,376 Active 2028-12-15 US8163201B2 (en) 2004-12-20 2005-12-20 High-intensity, persistent photoluminescent formulations and objects, and methods for creating the same
US12/874,441 Abandoned US20110012062A1 (en) 2004-12-20 2010-09-02 High-intensity, persistent photoluminescent formulations and objects, and methods for creating the same
US13/115,843 Active US8287757B2 (en) 2004-12-20 2011-08-03 High-intensity, persistent photoluminescent formulations and objects, and methods for creating the same
US13/115,854 Active US8293136B2 (en) 2004-12-20 2011-08-05 High-intensity, persistent photoluminescent formulations and objects, and methods for creating the same
US13/115,850 Active US8282858B2 (en) 2004-12-20 2011-08-05 High-intensity, persistent photoluminescent formulations and objects, and methods for creating the same
US13/523,923 Active - Reinstated US8409662B2 (en) 2004-12-20 2012-06-15 High-intensity, persistent photoluminescent formulations and objects, and methods for creating the same

Family Applications After (7)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US11/311,289 Abandoned US20060159925A1 (en) 2004-12-20 2005-12-20 High-intensity, persistent thermochromic compositions and objects, and methods for creating the same
US11/793,376 Active 2028-12-15 US8163201B2 (en) 2004-12-20 2005-12-20 High-intensity, persistent photoluminescent formulations and objects, and methods for creating the same
US12/874,441 Abandoned US20110012062A1 (en) 2004-12-20 2010-09-02 High-intensity, persistent photoluminescent formulations and objects, and methods for creating the same
US13/115,843 Active US8287757B2 (en) 2004-12-20 2011-08-03 High-intensity, persistent photoluminescent formulations and objects, and methods for creating the same
US13/115,854 Active US8293136B2 (en) 2004-12-20 2011-08-05 High-intensity, persistent photoluminescent formulations and objects, and methods for creating the same
US13/115,850 Active US8282858B2 (en) 2004-12-20 2011-08-05 High-intensity, persistent photoluminescent formulations and objects, and methods for creating the same
US13/523,923 Active - Reinstated US8409662B2 (en) 2004-12-20 2012-06-15 High-intensity, persistent photoluminescent formulations and objects, and methods for creating the same

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (8) US20060172135A1 (en)
EP (1) EP1833943A4 (en)
JP (1) JP2008524401A (en)
AU (1) AU2005319365B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2591803A1 (en)
MX (1) MX2007007445A (en)
SG (1) SG159492A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2006069028A2 (en)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060228498A1 (en) * 2005-03-22 2006-10-12 Wayne Parr Thermochromatic pigment covered article and method of making the same
US20080162162A1 (en) * 2006-12-27 2008-07-03 Pitney Bowes Incorporated Machine readable colored envelopes
US20080279253A1 (en) * 2007-05-10 2008-11-13 Macdonald John Gavin Method and articles for sensing relative temperature
US20090060165A1 (en) * 2007-08-30 2009-03-05 Pradeep Kumar Dani Method and System for Customer Transaction Request Routing
US20120148797A1 (en) * 2010-12-08 2012-06-14 Chen-Chu Tsai Camouflage structure capable of altering its appearance
US20130286461A1 (en) * 2012-04-27 2013-10-31 Pleotint, L.L.C. Synergistic reversible chromism
EP2808372A1 (en) * 2013-05-28 2014-12-03 The Procter and Gamble Company Surface treatment compositions comprising photochromic dyes
US20160184649A1 (en) * 2014-12-26 2016-06-30 Dunlop Sports Co. Ltd. Golf ball
US10253559B2 (en) 2015-09-29 2019-04-09 Alliance For Sustainable Energy, Llc Energy-harvesting chromogenic devices
US10844658B2 (en) 2017-02-27 2020-11-24 Alliance For Sustainable Energy, Llc Energy-harvesting chromogenic devices
US11043335B2 (en) 2017-05-10 2021-06-22 Alliance For Sustainable Energy, Llc Multilayer carbon nanotube film-containing devices

Families Citing this family (243)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7910022B2 (en) * 2006-09-15 2011-03-22 Performance Indicator, Llc Phosphorescent compositions for identification
CA2591803A1 (en) 2004-12-20 2006-06-29 Performance Indicator L.L.C. High-intensity, persistent photoluminescent formulations and objects, and methods for creating the same
US20110140002A1 (en) * 2004-12-20 2011-06-16 Performance Indicator, Llc Photoluminescent Compositions, Methods of Manufacture and Novel Uses
NZ563127A (en) * 2005-05-10 2010-12-24 Commw Scient Ind Res Org High-resolution tracking of industrial process materials using trace incorporation of luminescent markers
US7547894B2 (en) * 2006-09-15 2009-06-16 Performance Indicator, L.L.C. Phosphorescent compositions and methods for identification using the same
JP5428147B2 (en) * 2006-12-07 2014-02-26 三菱化学株式会社 Organic phosphor material
FR2933100B1 (en) 2008-06-25 2010-08-13 Commissariat Energie Atomique RUMINESCENT RARE EARTH OXIDE PARTICLE DISPERSIONS, VARNISH COMPRISING THESE PARTICLES, PROCESSES FOR PREPARING THE SAME, AND METHOD FOR MARKING SUBSTRATES.
WO2010068425A1 (en) * 2008-11-25 2010-06-17 David Postma Luminescent paints and methods of making the same
US8523645B2 (en) * 2009-03-25 2013-09-03 Nike, Inc. Golf club head and head cover combination providing enhanced functionality
WO2010114810A1 (en) * 2009-04-01 2010-10-07 David Postma Luminescent paints and methods of making the same
US7960688B2 (en) 2009-06-18 2011-06-14 Performance Indicator Llc Photoluminescent markings with functional overlayers
WO2011053412A1 (en) * 2009-10-30 2011-05-05 Defense Holdings, Inc. Method of illuminating a magnetic compass or other type of indicia in low light situations using photoluminescent materials
JP5712550B2 (en) * 2010-10-12 2015-05-07 日立化成株式会社 Spherical phosphor, wavelength conversion type solar cell encapsulant, solar cell module, and method for producing them
US8664624B2 (en) 2010-09-30 2014-03-04 Performance Indicator Llc Illumination delivery system for generating sustained secondary emission
US8415642B2 (en) 2010-09-30 2013-04-09 Performance Indicator, Llc Photolytically and environmentally stable multilayer structure for high efficiency electromagnetic energy conversion and sustained secondary emission
US8404153B2 (en) 2010-12-17 2013-03-26 General Electric Company White persistent phosphor blend or layered structure
US8506843B2 (en) 2010-12-17 2013-08-13 General Electric Company White emitting persistent phosphor
US9696011B2 (en) 2011-04-22 2017-07-04 Once Innovations, Inc. Extended persistence and reduced flicker light sources
WO2013173451A2 (en) * 2012-05-16 2013-11-21 Krook Justin Photoluminescent compositions and uses thereof
US9057021B2 (en) 2012-09-06 2015-06-16 Performance Indicator, Llc Photoluminescent objects
US8952341B2 (en) 2012-09-06 2015-02-10 Performance Indictor, LLC Low rare earth mineral photoluminescent compositions and structures for generating long-persistent luminescence
US20140072738A1 (en) * 2012-09-10 2014-03-13 Throw Glow, LLC Sporting equipment covering
US9868863B1 (en) * 2013-02-08 2018-01-16 Swift IP, LLC Compositions having slip resistance and luminous properties
US9121557B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2015-09-01 Jianqiao YANG Lamp having multi-functional support
EP2813295A1 (en) * 2013-06-13 2014-12-17 Stanley Works (Europe) GmbH Hand tool having a fluorescent PVC coating
US9796325B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2017-10-24 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Exterior light system for a vehicle
US9573517B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2017-02-21 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Door illumination and warning system
US9586523B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2017-03-07 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle lighting assembly
US9463739B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2016-10-11 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Sun visor with photoluminescent structure
US9499092B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2016-11-22 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminating molding for a vehicle
US9487127B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2016-11-08 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Photoluminescent vehicle step lamp
US9587800B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2017-03-07 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Luminescent vehicle molding
US9539940B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2017-01-10 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminated indicator
US10363867B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2019-07-30 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Printed LED trim panel lamp
US9586518B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2017-03-07 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Luminescent grille bar assembly
US9868387B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2018-01-16 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Photoluminescent printed LED molding
US9533613B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2017-01-03 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Photoluminescent fuel filler door
US9839098B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2017-12-05 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Light assembly operable as a dome lamp
US9464887B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2016-10-11 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminated hitch angle detection component
US9961745B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2018-05-01 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Printed LED rylene dye welcome/farewell lighting
US9905743B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2018-02-27 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Printed LED heat sink double lock
US9495040B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2016-11-15 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Selectively visible user interface
US9682651B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2017-06-20 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle lighting system with improved substrate
US9464803B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2016-10-11 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminated speaker
US9797575B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2017-10-24 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Light-producing assembly for a vehicle
US9487128B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2016-11-08 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminating running board
US9625115B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2017-04-18 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Photoluminescent vehicle graphics
US9950658B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2018-04-24 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Privacy window system
US9527438B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2016-12-27 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Photoluminescent blind spot warning indicator
US9789810B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2017-10-17 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Photoluminescent vehicle panel
US9499090B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2016-11-22 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Spoiler using photoluminescent illumination
US9931991B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2018-04-03 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Rotating garment hook
US9598632B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2017-03-21 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Method for depositing photoluminescent material
US9821708B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2017-11-21 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminated exterior strip
US9810401B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2017-11-07 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Luminescent trim light assembly
US9493113B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2016-11-15 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Photoluminescent cargo area illumination
US9902320B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2018-02-27 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Photoluminescent color changing dome map lamp
US9463734B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2016-10-11 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminated seatbelt assembly
US9457712B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2016-10-04 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle sun visor providing luminescent lighting
US9989216B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2018-06-05 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Interior exterior moving designs
US9463736B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2016-10-11 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminated steering assembly
US9613549B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2017-04-04 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminating badge for a vehicle
US9849831B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2017-12-26 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Printed LED storage compartment
US10041650B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2018-08-07 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminated instrument panel storage compartment
US9583968B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2017-02-28 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Photoluminescent disinfecting and charging bin
US9481297B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2016-11-01 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminated steering assembly
US9487126B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2016-11-08 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Photoluminescent puddle lamp
US9688192B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2017-06-27 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle having interior and exterior lighting on tailgate
US9796304B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2017-10-24 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle floor lighting system having a pivotable base with light-producing assembly coupled to base
US9499113B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2016-11-22 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Luminescent grille bar assembly
US10064256B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2018-08-28 Ford Global Technologies, Llc System and method for remote activation of vehicle lighting
US9539941B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2017-01-10 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Photoluminescent cupholder illumination
US9649877B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2017-05-16 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle light system with illuminating wheel assembly
US9782504B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2017-10-10 Ford Global Technologies, Inc. Self-disinfecting surface with printed LEDs for a surface of a vehicle
US9573516B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2017-02-21 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Rear vehicle lighting system
US9688186B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2017-06-27 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminating decal for a vehicle
US9464886B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2016-10-11 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Luminescent hitch angle detection component
US9492575B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2016-11-15 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Color changing and disinfecting surfaces
US9764686B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2017-09-19 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Light-producing assembly for a vehicle
US9463737B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2016-10-11 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminated seatbelt assembly
US9682649B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2017-06-20 Ford Global Technologies, Inc. Photoluminescent winch apparatus
US9487136B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2016-11-08 Ford Global Technologies, Llc System and method to locate vehicle equipment
US9694743B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2017-07-04 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Dual purpose lighting assembly
US9809160B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2017-11-07 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Tailgate illumination system
US9487135B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2016-11-08 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Dome light assembly
US9463738B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2016-10-11 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Seatbelt lighting system
US9538874B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2017-01-10 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Photoluminescent cupholder illumination
US9469244B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2016-10-18 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Luminescent vehicle seal
US9539939B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2017-01-10 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Photoluminescent logo for vehicle trim and fabric
US9464776B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2016-10-11 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle light system with illuminating exhaust
US9969323B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2018-05-15 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle lighting system employing a light strip
US9499096B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2016-11-22 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Photoluminescent vehicle reading lamp
US9440579B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2016-09-13 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Photoluminescent step handle
US9771019B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2017-09-26 Ford Global Technologies, Inc. Photoluminescent vehicle illumination
US10400978B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2019-09-03 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Photoluminescent lighting apparatus for vehicles
US9283819B2 (en) 2013-11-22 2016-03-15 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle wheel assembly external illumination lamp
US9642223B2 (en) 2013-11-22 2017-05-02 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle wheel assembly illumination lamp
KR20150109854A (en) * 2014-03-21 2015-10-02 동우 화인켐 주식회사 Photoluminescence Coating Composition and Photoluminescence Film Using the Same
JP5935869B2 (en) * 2014-12-26 2016-06-15 日立化成株式会社 Method for manufacturing spherical phosphor, method for manufacturing wavelength conversion type solar cell sealing material, and method for manufacturing solar cell module
WO2017012640A1 (en) 2015-07-17 2017-01-26 Hewlett-Packard Indigo B.V. Electrostatic ink compositions
US10168039B2 (en) 2015-08-10 2019-01-01 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminated badge for a vehicle
US9663967B2 (en) 2015-09-11 2017-05-30 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminated latch system
US9463735B1 (en) 2015-10-06 2016-10-11 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle visor assembly with illuminating check assembly
US9694739B2 (en) 2015-11-10 2017-07-04 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Disinfecting handle
US9889791B2 (en) 2015-12-01 2018-02-13 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminated badge for a vehicle
US10023100B2 (en) 2015-12-14 2018-07-17 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminated trim assembly
US20170174124A1 (en) 2015-12-16 2017-06-22 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminated vehicle panel
EP3390066B1 (en) * 2015-12-17 2021-03-10 Sicpa Holding Sa Security element formed from at least two materials present in partially overlapping areas, articles carrying the security element, and authentication methods
US9500333B1 (en) 2015-12-18 2016-11-22 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Phosphorescent lighting assembly
US10501007B2 (en) 2016-01-12 2019-12-10 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Fuel port illumination device
US9855799B2 (en) 2016-02-09 2018-01-02 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Fuel level indicator
US10235911B2 (en) 2016-01-12 2019-03-19 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminating badge for a vehicle
US10300843B2 (en) 2016-01-12 2019-05-28 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle illumination assembly
US10011219B2 (en) 2016-01-18 2018-07-03 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminated badge
US9517723B1 (en) 2016-01-21 2016-12-13 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminated tie-down cleat
US9927114B2 (en) 2016-01-21 2018-03-27 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illumination apparatus utilizing conductive polymers
US9586519B1 (en) 2016-01-27 2017-03-07 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle rear illumination
US9623797B1 (en) 2016-02-04 2017-04-18 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Lift gate lamp
US9499093B1 (en) 2016-02-08 2016-11-22 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Retractable running board with long-persistance phosphor lighting
US9499094B1 (en) 2016-02-08 2016-11-22 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Retractable running board with long-persistence phosphor lighting
US10189401B2 (en) 2016-02-09 2019-01-29 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle light strip with optical element
CN107068004A (en) 2016-02-10 2017-08-18 福特环球技术公司 Vehicle badge
US9664354B1 (en) 2016-02-11 2017-05-30 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illumination assembly
US9656598B1 (en) 2016-02-23 2017-05-23 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle badge
US9751458B1 (en) 2016-02-26 2017-09-05 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle illumination system
US10501025B2 (en) 2016-03-04 2019-12-10 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle badge
US9688189B1 (en) 2016-03-09 2017-06-27 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminated license plate
US10118568B2 (en) 2016-03-09 2018-11-06 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle badge having discretely illuminated portions
DE102017102905A1 (en) 2016-03-11 2017-09-14 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Luminescent grill lamella device
US9688190B1 (en) 2016-03-15 2017-06-27 Ford Global Technologies, Llc License plate illumination system
US9963001B2 (en) 2016-03-24 2018-05-08 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle wheel illumination assembly using photoluminescent material
US10081296B2 (en) 2016-04-06 2018-09-25 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminated exterior strip with photoluminescent structure and retroreflective layer
US9902315B2 (en) 2016-04-15 2018-02-27 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Photoluminescent lighting apparatus for vehicles
US9714749B1 (en) 2016-05-10 2017-07-25 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminated vehicle grille assembly
US9758088B1 (en) 2016-05-10 2017-09-12 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Auxiliary lighting roof rack
US10420189B2 (en) 2016-05-11 2019-09-17 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle lighting assembly
US10064259B2 (en) 2016-05-11 2018-08-28 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminated vehicle badge
US9738219B1 (en) 2016-05-11 2017-08-22 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminated vehicle trim
US9688215B1 (en) 2016-05-11 2017-06-27 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Iridescent vehicle applique
US10631373B2 (en) 2016-05-12 2020-04-21 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Heated windshield indicator
US9821710B1 (en) 2016-05-12 2017-11-21 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Lighting apparatus for vehicle decklid
US9586527B1 (en) 2016-05-18 2017-03-07 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Wheel well step assembly of vehicle
US9821717B1 (en) 2016-05-18 2017-11-21 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Box step with release button that illuminates
US9994144B2 (en) 2016-05-23 2018-06-12 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminated automotive glazings
US9896020B2 (en) 2016-05-23 2018-02-20 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle lighting assembly
US9925917B2 (en) 2016-05-26 2018-03-27 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Concealed lighting for vehicles
US9937855B2 (en) 2016-06-02 2018-04-10 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Automotive window glazings
US9803822B1 (en) 2016-06-03 2017-10-31 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle illumination assembly
US10343622B2 (en) 2016-06-09 2019-07-09 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Interior and exterior iridescent vehicle appliques
US10205338B2 (en) 2016-06-13 2019-02-12 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminated vehicle charging assembly
US9604567B1 (en) 2016-06-15 2017-03-28 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Luminescent trailer hitch plug
US10131237B2 (en) 2016-06-22 2018-11-20 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminated vehicle charging system
US9855888B1 (en) 2016-06-29 2018-01-02 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Photoluminescent vehicle appliques
US9840191B1 (en) 2016-07-12 2017-12-12 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle lamp assembly
US9855797B1 (en) 2016-07-13 2018-01-02 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminated system for a vehicle
US9889801B2 (en) 2016-07-14 2018-02-13 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle lighting assembly
US9573518B1 (en) 2016-07-15 2017-02-21 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Floor console IR bin light
US9840193B1 (en) 2016-07-15 2017-12-12 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle lighting assembly
US9604569B1 (en) 2016-07-19 2017-03-28 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Window lighting system of a vehicle
GB201613415D0 (en) * 2016-08-03 2016-09-14 Saf-T-Glo Ltd Markers
US9587967B1 (en) 2016-08-04 2017-03-07 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle container illumination
US9573519B1 (en) 2016-08-08 2017-02-21 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Engine compartment lighting to moving parts
US9845047B1 (en) 2016-08-08 2017-12-19 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Light system
US9573520B1 (en) 2016-08-09 2017-02-21 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Luminescent console storage bin
US9827903B1 (en) 2016-08-18 2017-11-28 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminated trim panel
US9616823B1 (en) 2016-08-22 2017-04-11 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminated badge for a vehicle
US10173604B2 (en) 2016-08-24 2019-01-08 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminated vehicle console
US10047659B2 (en) 2016-08-31 2018-08-14 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Photoluminescent engine indicium
US10047911B2 (en) 2016-08-31 2018-08-14 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Photoluminescent emission system
US9604568B1 (en) 2016-09-01 2017-03-28 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle light system
US10075013B2 (en) 2016-09-08 2018-09-11 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle apparatus for charging photoluminescent utilities
US10065555B2 (en) 2016-09-08 2018-09-04 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Directional approach lighting
US10308175B2 (en) 2016-09-08 2019-06-04 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illumination apparatus for vehicle accessory
US10043396B2 (en) 2016-09-13 2018-08-07 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Passenger pickup system and method using autonomous shuttle vehicle
US9863171B1 (en) 2016-09-28 2018-01-09 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle compartment
US9593820B1 (en) 2016-09-28 2017-03-14 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle illumination system
US20180086255A1 (en) 2016-09-28 2018-03-29 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle illuminated trim
US10046688B2 (en) 2016-10-06 2018-08-14 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle containing sales bins
US10137829B2 (en) 2016-10-06 2018-11-27 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Smart drop off lighting system
US9914390B1 (en) 2016-10-19 2018-03-13 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle shade assembly
US9707887B1 (en) 2016-10-19 2017-07-18 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle mirror assembly
US10086700B2 (en) 2016-10-20 2018-10-02 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminated switch
US9802534B1 (en) 2016-10-21 2017-10-31 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminated vehicle compartment
US20180118101A1 (en) 2016-10-28 2018-05-03 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle illuminated trim
US10035473B2 (en) 2016-11-04 2018-07-31 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle trim components
US9902314B1 (en) 2016-11-17 2018-02-27 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle light system
US9994089B1 (en) 2016-11-29 2018-06-12 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle curtain
US10220784B2 (en) 2016-11-29 2019-03-05 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Luminescent windshield display
US10106074B2 (en) 2016-12-07 2018-10-23 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle lamp system
US10118538B2 (en) 2016-12-07 2018-11-06 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminated rack
US10422501B2 (en) 2016-12-14 2019-09-24 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle lighting assembly
US10144365B2 (en) 2017-01-10 2018-12-04 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle badge
US9815402B1 (en) 2017-01-16 2017-11-14 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Tailgate and cargo box illumination
US10173582B2 (en) 2017-01-26 2019-01-08 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Light system
US10053006B1 (en) 2017-01-31 2018-08-21 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminated assembly
US9849830B1 (en) 2017-02-01 2017-12-26 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Tailgate illumination
US10427593B2 (en) 2017-02-09 2019-10-01 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle light assembly
US9896023B1 (en) 2017-02-09 2018-02-20 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle rear lighting assembly
US9849829B1 (en) 2017-03-02 2017-12-26 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle light system
DE202017101205U1 (en) 2017-03-02 2017-03-21 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illumination system for a license plate
US9758090B1 (en) 2017-03-03 2017-09-12 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Interior side marker
US10240737B2 (en) 2017-03-06 2019-03-26 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle light assembly
US10399483B2 (en) 2017-03-08 2019-09-03 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle illumination assembly
US10150396B2 (en) 2017-03-08 2018-12-11 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle cup holder assembly with photoluminescent accessory for increasing the number of available cup holders
US10195985B2 (en) 2017-03-08 2019-02-05 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle light system
US10611298B2 (en) 2017-03-13 2020-04-07 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminated cargo carrier
US10166913B2 (en) 2017-03-15 2019-01-01 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Side marker illumination
US10465879B2 (en) 2017-03-27 2019-11-05 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicular light assemblies with LED-excited photoluminescent lightguide
US10483678B2 (en) 2017-03-29 2019-11-19 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle electrical connector
US10569696B2 (en) 2017-04-03 2020-02-25 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle illuminated airflow control device
US10023110B1 (en) 2017-04-21 2018-07-17 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle badge sensor assembly
US20180326899A1 (en) 2017-05-10 2018-11-15 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminated hinge assembly
US10399486B2 (en) 2017-05-10 2019-09-03 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle door removal and storage
US10035463B1 (en) 2017-05-10 2018-07-31 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Door retention system
US9963066B1 (en) 2017-05-15 2018-05-08 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle running board that provides light excitation
US20180336786A1 (en) 2017-05-19 2018-11-22 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Collision avoidance method and system
US10871405B2 (en) * 2017-05-30 2020-12-22 The Boeing Company Indicator device and method
US10059238B1 (en) 2017-05-30 2018-08-28 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle seating assembly
US10144337B1 (en) 2017-06-02 2018-12-04 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle light assembly
US10493904B2 (en) 2017-07-17 2019-12-03 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle light assembly
US10502690B2 (en) 2017-07-18 2019-12-10 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Indicator system for vehicle wear components
US10137831B1 (en) 2017-07-19 2018-11-27 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle seal assembly
US10160405B1 (en) 2017-08-22 2018-12-25 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle decal assembly
US10186177B1 (en) 2017-09-13 2019-01-22 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle windshield lighting assembly
US10137825B1 (en) 2017-10-02 2018-11-27 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle lamp assembly
US10391943B2 (en) 2017-10-09 2019-08-27 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle lamp assembly
US10207636B1 (en) 2017-10-18 2019-02-19 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Seatbelt stowage assembly
US10179542B1 (en) 2017-10-19 2019-01-15 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle climate status indicator
US10189414B1 (en) 2017-10-26 2019-01-29 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle storage assembly
CN108070306B (en) * 2017-12-20 2020-04-21 成都斯特斯科技有限公司 Laser stealth coating and preparation method thereof
US10723258B2 (en) 2018-01-04 2020-07-28 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle lamp assembly
US10723257B2 (en) 2018-02-14 2020-07-28 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Multi-color luminescent grille for a vehicle
US10281113B1 (en) 2018-03-05 2019-05-07 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle grille
US10627092B2 (en) 2018-03-05 2020-04-21 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle grille assembly
US10703263B2 (en) 2018-04-11 2020-07-07 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle light system
US10457196B1 (en) 2018-04-11 2019-10-29 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle light assembly
US10778223B2 (en) 2018-04-23 2020-09-15 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Hidden switch assembly
US10576893B1 (en) 2018-10-08 2020-03-03 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle light assembly
US10720551B1 (en) 2019-01-03 2020-07-21 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle lamps
US10576879B1 (en) 2019-02-14 2020-03-03 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Retractable illuminated running board
CN110791190B (en) * 2019-10-30 2021-03-30 湖南松井新材料股份有限公司 Water-based self-luminous elastic coating and preparation method and application thereof
CN110938403B (en) * 2019-12-02 2021-08-17 武汉市科达云石护理材料有限公司 Fluorescent anti-skid adhesive and preparation method thereof
NL2028298B1 (en) * 2021-05-26 2022-12-08 Renewaball B V Recyclable product and method of recycling a mixed waste stream comprising said product

Citations (98)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2787558A (en) * 1955-01-27 1957-04-02 Firth Carpet Company Inc Process of producing phosphorescent yarn
US3022189A (en) * 1961-01-19 1962-02-20 Du Pont Daylight fluorescent coated fabric
US3508810A (en) * 1967-07-19 1970-04-28 Vari Light Corp Photochromic systems
US3560211A (en) * 1967-09-22 1971-02-02 Horizons Research Inc Light sensitive leuco dye systems containing no molecular oxygen therein
US3562172A (en) * 1968-10-28 1971-02-09 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Photochromic compound and composition containing the same
US3578602A (en) * 1967-08-30 1971-05-11 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Photochromic compound
US3650812A (en) * 1969-12-24 1972-03-21 Ford Motor Co Acrylic-siloxane resin paint and painted article
US3654190A (en) * 1970-05-28 1972-04-04 Us Navy Fire retardant intumescent paint
US3666352A (en) * 1970-01-22 1972-05-30 Charles A Wagner Rate controlled photochromic lenses of vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer containing a mercury thiocarbazone compound
US3668189A (en) * 1970-08-24 1972-06-06 Allied Chem Fluorescent polycarbonamides
US3714181A (en) * 1970-12-31 1973-01-30 American Cyanamid Co 2-aryl-5,10-diphenylphenanthro(9,10-d)azoles
US3738299A (en) * 1972-06-22 1973-06-12 M Packler Emblems which will glow in the dark and the method of making them
US3873390A (en) * 1972-09-27 1975-03-25 Richard K Cornell Phosphorescent, fluorescent and reflective coated sheets or films and compositions and method for making the same
US3884697A (en) * 1969-03-31 1975-05-20 Eiichi Inoue Photographic process utilizing spiropyran compound dispersed in nitrocellulose films with high nitrogen content
US3936970A (en) * 1971-05-10 1976-02-10 Hodges John A Fishing lure and method of fishing
US3957678A (en) * 1973-01-11 1976-05-18 U.S. Philips Corporation Method of manufacturing a luminescent sulfide
US4025661A (en) * 1972-11-13 1977-05-24 Rca Corporation Method of making viewing-screen structure for a cathode-ray tube
US4028118A (en) * 1972-05-30 1977-06-07 Pilot Ink Co., Ltd. Thermochromic materials
US4188449A (en) * 1977-08-04 1980-02-12 Eastman Kodak Company Phosphorescent screens
US4208300A (en) * 1973-07-11 1980-06-17 Gravisse Philippe E Photoluminescent materials and method of manufacturing same
US4268134A (en) * 1979-03-07 1981-05-19 Corning Glass Works Lightweight laminated photochromic lenses
US4375373A (en) * 1978-12-29 1983-03-01 Toro Ganryo Kogyo Co., Ltd. Method of coating inorganic pigments (ultramarine and bronze powder) with dense amorphous silica
US4379100A (en) * 1981-02-02 1983-04-05 Ex-Cell-O Corporation Polyurethane molding process with siloxane internal release agent
US4425161A (en) * 1980-11-27 1984-01-10 Yutaka Shibahashi Thermochromic materials
US4425377A (en) * 1981-07-22 1984-01-10 Rca Corporation Method of making a cathode-ray tube having a conductive internal coating exhibiting reduced arcing current
US4440672A (en) * 1982-03-22 1984-04-03 American Optical Corporation Photochromic composition resistant to fatigue
US4451504A (en) * 1983-05-20 1984-05-29 North American Philips Consumer Electronics Corp. Process for applying phosphor to the aperture mask of a cathode ray tube
US4567019A (en) * 1977-05-11 1986-01-28 Graphic Controls Corporation Color reversing compositions
US4637698A (en) * 1983-11-04 1987-01-20 Ppg Industries, Inc. Photochromic compound and articles containing the same
US4663214A (en) * 1985-01-04 1987-05-05 Coburn Jr Joseph W Phosphorescent material and process of manufacture
US4717710A (en) * 1985-01-17 1988-01-05 Matsui Shikiso Chemical Co. Ltd. Thermochromic composition
US4717770A (en) * 1986-02-27 1988-01-05 Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. Process for producing epsilon-caprolactam
US4720356A (en) * 1982-03-22 1988-01-19 American Optical Corporation Photochromic composition resistant to fatigue
US4729907A (en) * 1987-02-24 1988-03-08 Rca Corporation Method of making a viewing screen structure for a cathode-ray tube
US4734295A (en) * 1985-01-07 1988-03-29 Liu P Dong Guang Glare control
US4818096A (en) * 1986-06-17 1989-04-04 The Plessey Company Plc Photoreactive lenses with adamantane spiro compounds
US4826550A (en) * 1985-11-28 1989-05-02 Matui Shikiso Chemical Co., Ltd. Process for preparing molded product of thermochromic polyvinyl chloride
US4826977A (en) * 1986-05-15 1989-05-02 The Plessey Company Plc Photochromic spiropyran compounds
US4830875A (en) * 1985-10-10 1989-05-16 Quantex Corporation Photoluminescent materials and associated process and infrared sensing device
US4835475A (en) * 1986-11-17 1989-05-30 Niichi Hanakura Battery tester including a thermochromic material
US4898895A (en) * 1986-12-30 1990-02-06 Nippon Oil And Fats Co., Ltd. Antifouling pain having a polyacrylate component with pendent silyl or siloxane groups
US4910252A (en) * 1986-07-07 1990-03-20 Kansai Paint Co., Ltd. Siloxane polymer antifouling paint composition containing polysiloxanes
US4913544A (en) * 1986-05-01 1990-04-03 Pilkington Plc Photochromic articles
US4921727A (en) * 1988-12-21 1990-05-01 Rca Licensing Corporation Surface treatment of silica-coated phosphor particles and method for a CRT screen
US4927180A (en) * 1986-08-22 1990-05-22 Plessey Overseas Limited Marking of articles with photochromic compounds
US5007647A (en) * 1989-12-15 1991-04-16 Sports Glow, Inc. Golf ball and method of making same
US5023015A (en) * 1989-12-19 1991-06-11 Gte Products Corporation Method of phosphor preparation
US5176905A (en) * 1989-11-30 1993-01-05 Shiseido Co., Ltd. Photochromic flesh-colored pigment and process for producing the same
US5185390A (en) * 1990-03-07 1993-02-09 Ppg Industries, Inc. Water strippable photochromic resin composition
US5221288A (en) * 1990-10-09 1993-06-22 Matsui Shikiso Chemical Co., Ltd. Thermochromic dyeing method and cellulose product dyed thereby
US5223330A (en) * 1990-11-28 1993-06-29 Precision Fabrics Group, Inc. Phosphorescent fiber reinforced plastic article and process for making the same
US5292549A (en) * 1992-10-23 1994-03-08 Armco Inc. Metallic coated steel having a siloxane film providing temporary corrosion protection and method therefor
US5294375A (en) * 1991-08-20 1994-03-15 Polaroid Corporation Thermochromic materials
US5321069A (en) * 1992-11-25 1994-06-14 Afterglow Accent Yarns, Inc. Process for producing phosphorescent yarn and yarn produced by the process
US5378897A (en) * 1992-12-09 1995-01-03 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Radiation image storage panel
US5387458A (en) * 1990-12-06 1995-02-07 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Articles exhibiting durable fluorescence with an ultraviolet screening layer
US5389093A (en) * 1992-04-01 1995-02-14 Howell; Wesley A. Wetness indicating diaper
US5391327A (en) * 1992-09-25 1995-02-21 Transitions Optical, Inc. Photochromic compositions of improved fatigue resistance
US5395673A (en) * 1992-04-23 1995-03-07 Hunt; Gary B. Non-slip surface
US5480482A (en) * 1991-11-04 1996-01-02 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Reversible thermochromic pigments
US5490344A (en) * 1994-03-22 1996-02-13 Bussiere; Robert A. Glow-in-the-dark material for fishing accessories
US5605734A (en) * 1989-11-02 1997-02-25 Basf Corporation Phosphorescent directional signals and manufacturing method
US5607621A (en) * 1994-12-28 1997-03-04 Ykk Corporation Phosphorescent synthetic resin material method for production thereof, and formed article
US5618063A (en) * 1992-12-09 1997-04-08 Wallace Computer Services, Inc. Multicolor heat-sensitive verification and highlighting system
US5630869A (en) * 1988-01-12 1997-05-20 Sicipa Holding S.A. Reversibly photochromic printing inks
US5708181A (en) * 1994-03-11 1998-01-13 Otsuka Kagaku Kabushiki Kaisha Spiropyran compound
US5717282A (en) * 1995-02-20 1998-02-10 U.S. Philips Corporation Display device comprising a display screen having a light-absorbing coating
US5716723A (en) * 1996-03-07 1998-02-10 Van Cleef; James Gresham Glow in the dark shoe sole
US5728758A (en) * 1993-12-13 1998-03-17 Transitions Optical, Inc. Coating composition and articles having a cured coating
US5730961A (en) * 1997-01-24 1998-03-24 Goudjil; Kamal Metamorphic nail polish
US5731658A (en) * 1994-11-30 1998-03-24 Honeywell Inc. Ultraviolet binder for phosphor fluorescent light box
US5744233A (en) * 1994-09-09 1998-04-28 U.S. Philips Corporation Method of coating luminescent powders, luminescent powders and coated object
US5753146A (en) * 1996-03-29 1998-05-19 Transitions Optical, Inc. Photochromic naphthopyran compositions of neutral color
US6013980A (en) * 1997-05-09 2000-01-11 Advanced Refractory Technologies, Inc. Electrically tunable low secondary electron emission diamond-like coatings and process for depositing coatings
US6027810A (en) * 1994-10-07 2000-02-22 Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing Radiographic intensifying screen with antistat
US6046455A (en) * 1998-01-30 2000-04-04 Segan Industries Integrating ultraviolet exposure detection devices
US6048347A (en) * 1995-11-01 2000-04-11 Micro Medical Devices, Inc. Lens storage and folding apparatus
US6060428A (en) * 1992-12-09 2000-05-09 Wallace Computer Services, Inc. Heat-sensitive chromogenic system
US6177487B1 (en) * 1995-11-03 2001-01-23 Basf Coatings Ag Aqueous powder paint dispersions
US6196241B1 (en) * 1999-05-19 2001-03-06 Denise Doolan Color changing umbrella
US6201057B1 (en) * 1998-02-23 2001-03-13 Therma-Tru Corporation Weatherable coating and stain system for thermoset or thermoplastic composite surfaces
US6207077B1 (en) * 2000-02-18 2001-03-27 Orion 21 A.D. Pty Ltd Luminescent gel coats and moldable resins
US6344233B1 (en) * 1996-10-15 2002-02-05 Institute For Radiological Image Sciences, Inc. Method of producing a phosphor screen
US6358160B1 (en) * 1997-10-03 2002-03-19 Performance Dynamics Llc Golf ball with water immersion indicator
US6359048B1 (en) * 1999-06-05 2002-03-19 Van Duynhoven Debra May Tintable luminescent paint
US20020034475A1 (en) * 2000-06-23 2002-03-21 Ribi Hans O. Ingestibles possessing intrinsic color change
US6375864B1 (en) * 1998-11-10 2002-04-23 M.A. Hannacolor, A Division Of M.A. Hanna Company Daylight/nightglow colored phosphorescent plastic compositions and articles
US6391492B1 (en) * 1992-04-05 2002-05-21 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Secondary battery
US6508732B1 (en) * 2000-07-03 2003-01-21 Mildred Kinghorn Romberger Tennis ball
US6514594B1 (en) * 2000-11-09 2003-02-04 Avery Dennison Corporation Fluorescent polymeric articles having screening layer formed from U.V. light absorbing polymer
US6553696B1 (en) * 1999-09-17 2003-04-29 Robert Foster, Sr. Flourescent drink rim
US20040009833A1 (en) * 2002-07-10 2004-01-15 Ja-Ru, Inc. Glow-in-the-dark wrist toy
US6710127B2 (en) * 2000-09-29 2004-03-23 Byk- Chemie Gmbh Levelling agents for surface coatings
US6861467B2 (en) * 2002-06-28 2005-03-01 Okitsumo Incorporated Powder coating composition
US6870024B2 (en) * 2002-09-09 2005-03-22 Byk-Chemie Gmbh Polymeric urea-urethane rheology control agents and a process for their preparation
US6894124B2 (en) * 2000-11-01 2005-05-17 Kansai Paint Co., Ltd. High solid paint compositions
US7033712B2 (en) * 2003-01-30 2006-04-25 Thomson Licensing Method of manufacturing a color filter cathode ray tube (CRT)
US7050387B2 (en) * 2002-06-28 2006-05-23 Victor Company Of Japan, Ltd. Optical storage medium

Family Cites Families (185)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2522704A (en) 1939-12-08 1950-09-19 Laval Jacques Hjaimar De Method and apparatus to treat material in form of pieces or powder with gases
US2527365A (en) 1945-05-22 1950-10-24 Rca Corp Doubly activated infrared phosphors
US3212898A (en) 1962-11-21 1965-10-19 American Cyanamid Co Photosensitive compositions of matter comprising photochromic materials suspended in polyester binders
US3522143A (en) 1966-08-18 1970-07-28 Libbey Owens Ford Co Phototropic units
US3595804A (en) * 1968-10-30 1971-07-27 Rca Corp Method for preparing zinc and zinccadmium sulfide phosphors
US3627690A (en) 1969-10-01 1971-12-14 Itek Corp Photochromic naphthopyran compositions
US3912677A (en) 1970-05-14 1975-10-14 Ici Australia Ltd Compounds
JPS551195B2 (en) 1972-09-27 1980-01-12
US4210953A (en) 1973-12-13 1980-07-01 Stone Wilfred S Self-illuminated case
DE2515474A1 (en) 1974-04-11 1975-10-30 Raychem Corp THERMOCHROME PAINTS
US3980602A (en) * 1975-02-28 1976-09-14 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Acrylic polymer dispersant for aqueous acrylic coating compositions
US4121011A (en) 1975-11-28 1978-10-17 Raychem Corporation Polymeric article coated with a thermochromic paint
FR2384836A1 (en) * 1977-03-25 1978-10-20 Bric COATED PHOTOLUMINESCENT TEXTILES
US4130760A (en) 1977-06-29 1978-12-19 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Reusable radiation monitor
GB2026502B (en) 1978-04-28 1983-03-30 Canon Kk Image-holding member for electrostatic or toner images
US4342668A (en) 1978-09-08 1982-08-03 American Optical Corporation Photochromic compounds
US4215010A (en) 1978-09-08 1980-07-29 American Optical Corporation Photochromic compounds
JPS5937037B2 (en) 1978-11-09 1984-09-07 株式会社東芝 Method for manufacturing phosphor
US4286957A (en) 1979-01-10 1981-09-01 Essilor International "Cie Generale D'optique" Process of integrating a photochromic substance into an ophthalmic lens and a photochromic lens of organic material
US4304833A (en) 1979-12-26 1981-12-08 Polaroid Corporation Photographic products and processes employing triarylmethane compounds
US4289497A (en) 1980-09-02 1981-09-15 American Optical Corporation Gradient photochromic lens and method selectively reducing photochromic activity
JPS57167380A (en) 1981-04-08 1982-10-15 Pilot Ink Co Ltd Thermochromic material
JPS59155800A (en) 1983-02-24 1984-09-04 富士写真フイルム株式会社 Storable fluorescent sheet
JPS6032234A (en) 1983-08-03 1985-02-19 Hitachi Ltd Formation of filming film of cathode-ray tube
US4699473A (en) 1983-08-08 1987-10-13 American Optical Corporation Trifluoromethyl substituted spirooxazine photochromic dyes
US4623579A (en) * 1983-10-04 1986-11-18 Multi-Tex Products Corp. Yarn product with combined fluorescent-phosphorescent appearance and method
GB8402801D0 (en) 1984-02-02 1984-03-07 Ici Plc Dispersion
JPH0753665B2 (en) 1984-04-20 1995-06-07 財団法人癌研究会 Anti-metastatic agent
US4857228A (en) 1984-04-24 1989-08-15 Sunstone Inc. Phosphors and methods of preparing the same
US4602263A (en) 1984-09-04 1986-07-22 Polaroid Corporation Thermal imaging method
CA1240883A (en) 1985-01-30 1988-08-23 Norikazu Nakasuji Thermochromic textile material
US4629583A (en) 1985-06-11 1986-12-16 Jones And Vining, Incorporated Phosphorescent polymer-containing compositions and articles made therefrom
US4640797A (en) * 1985-06-11 1987-02-03 Jones And Vining, Incorporated Phosphorescent polymer-containing compositions and articles made therefrom
US4880667A (en) 1985-09-24 1989-11-14 Ppg Industries, Inc. Photochromic plastic article and method for preparing same
US4695336A (en) 1985-10-11 1987-09-22 Coburn Jr Joseph W Phosphorescent material and process of manufacture
US4884860A (en) 1986-02-05 1989-12-05 Brown David C Linear lens and method for concentrating radiant energy and multiplying phosphor luminance output intensity
US4698296A (en) 1986-03-14 1987-10-06 Gaf Corporation Processless color imaging and film therefor
ATE95094T1 (en) 1987-04-09 1993-10-15 Ceramics Process Systems COMPLEX CERAMIC AND METALLIC MOLDING BY LOW PRESSURE MOLDING AND DRYING BY SUBLIMATION.
NL8702089A (en) 1987-09-04 1989-04-03 Efka Chemicals Bv DISPENSANT.
US4781647A (en) 1987-05-04 1988-11-01 Hasbro, Inc. Toy doll construction with phosphorescent hair fibers
US4759453A (en) 1987-06-26 1988-07-26 Paetzold James M Luminescent baby bottle
US4942213A (en) 1987-12-04 1990-07-17 Byk-Chemie Gmbh Addition compounds useful as dispersing agents and dispersion stabilizers, process for producing them, their use and solids coated therewith
US5807625A (en) 1988-01-12 1998-09-15 Sicpa Holding S.A. Security document with reversibly photochromic printing inks
US5132045A (en) 1988-03-16 1992-07-21 Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd. Acrylic phosphor paste compositions and phosphor coatings obtained therefrom
JPH01249436A (en) 1988-03-31 1989-10-04 Toray Ind Inc Transparent conductive film and its manufacture
US5435994A (en) 1988-08-23 1995-07-25 Ultraset Limited Partnership Quick-drying nail coating method and composition
US4943896A (en) 1988-11-21 1990-07-24 Tony Johnson Production of improved infant care articles
US5081171A (en) * 1989-02-14 1992-01-14 Nixon Charles R Composition for sealing of painted or metal surfaces
DE3930687A1 (en) 1989-09-14 1991-04-11 Byk Chemie Gmbh Phosphoric acid esters, process for their preparation and their use as dispersing agents
JPH03143180A (en) 1989-10-30 1991-06-18 Pioneer Electron Corp Organic fluorescent screen
CA2032992C (en) 1989-12-29 2001-04-10 Peter H. Quednau Dispersing agents, their use and solids coated therewith
US5066818A (en) 1990-03-07 1991-11-19 Ppg Industries, Inc. Photochromic naphthopyran compounds
JPH03261596A (en) 1990-03-10 1991-11-21 Dainippon Printing Co Ltd Card and method for identifying card
US5260252A (en) 1990-07-24 1993-11-09 Nashua Corporation Thermal latent image material and method of producing and developing the same
US5164127A (en) * 1990-10-02 1992-11-17 Cook Composites And Polymers Co. Method of preparing molded coatings for gel coated composites
US5149568A (en) 1990-11-19 1992-09-22 Beck Michael P Glow in the dark artwork
US5135591A (en) 1990-11-28 1992-08-04 Precision Fabrics Group, Inc. Process of making a phosphorescent fiber reinforced plastic article
US5409797A (en) 1991-03-04 1995-04-25 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Heat-sensitive recording material for laser recording
US6312782B1 (en) 1991-03-18 2001-11-06 Rochelle L. Goldberg Discreet shaped colored polymeric objects in a transparent or translucent matrix
US5352649A (en) 1991-07-04 1994-10-04 The Pilot Ink Co., Ltd. Thermochromic laminate member, and composition and sheet for producing the same
JP2618596B2 (en) 1991-07-08 1997-06-11 ローン−プーラン・ロレ・ソシエテ・アノニム Novel composition based on taxane derivatives
US5219625A (en) * 1991-07-09 1993-06-15 The Pilot Ink Co., Ltd. Thermochromic laminate member and toy utilizing the same
US5248916A (en) 1991-10-02 1993-09-28 Zenith Electronics Corporation Chlorinated silane and alkoxysilane coatings for cathode ray tubes
US5132043A (en) 1991-12-24 1992-07-21 Gte Products Corporation Method of preparing small particle size borate phosphor
US5916541A (en) 1992-06-25 1999-06-29 Stewart; Ernest G. Water resistant sunscreen and insect repellent composition
GB9225346D0 (en) 1992-12-03 1993-01-27 Pilkington Plc Photochromic compounds
US5344191A (en) 1992-12-09 1994-09-06 Wallace Computer Services, Inc. Hidden entry system and use thereof
US5427415A (en) * 1992-12-09 1995-06-27 Wallace Computer Services, Inc. Heat sensitive system and use thereof
US5356149A (en) 1992-12-23 1994-10-18 Kane Patrick E Injection molded water-soluble golf ball
AU679216B2 (en) 1993-04-20 1997-06-26 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Photographic elements comprising antistatic layers
JP2543825B2 (en) * 1993-04-28 1996-10-16 根本特殊化学株式会社 Luminescent phosphor
DE69433516D1 (en) * 1993-10-05 2004-03-04 Hitachi Maxell Light emitting ink composition
US5445611A (en) 1993-12-08 1995-08-29 Non-Invasive Monitoring Company (Nimco) Enhancement of transdermal delivery with ultrasound and chemical enhancers
US5997849A (en) 1993-12-29 1999-12-07 Chromatic Technologies, Inc. Thermochromic ink formulations, nail lacquer and methods of use
US6005024A (en) 1994-06-09 1999-12-21 Anders; Irving Phosphorescent epoxy overlay
US5665793A (en) * 1994-06-09 1997-09-09 Anders; Irving Phosphorescent highway paint composition
JP3585005B2 (en) 1994-08-12 2004-11-04 大日本インキ化学工業株式会社 Curable resin composition for water-based paint
JPH0899384A (en) * 1994-09-30 1996-04-16 Ykk Kk Luminous material
JPH10509255A (en) 1994-11-10 1998-09-08 ミネソタ マイニング アンド マニュファクチャリング カンパニー Photographic element containing antistatic layer and method of making element having antistatic properties
US6194539B1 (en) 1994-11-22 2001-02-27 Daicel Chemical Industries, Inc. Polylactone having amino groups, a process for the preparation thereof, a compound having amino group, a composition for coatings, a composition for printing inks
US5692895A (en) * 1995-01-30 1997-12-02 Ormco Corporation Luminescent orthodontic appliances
US5558187A (en) 1995-06-07 1996-09-24 Aberle; David H. Brake apparatus for a rotating shaft
US5658500A (en) 1995-06-14 1997-08-19 Transitions Optical, Inc. Substituted naphthopyrans
DE19528055A1 (en) * 1995-07-31 1997-02-06 Bayer Ag Process for the preparation of substituted aminocarbonyltriazolinones
US5973034A (en) 1995-10-11 1999-10-26 Nippon Kayaku Kabushiki Kaisha (Oxide or sulfide) powder epoxy (meth) acrylate w/glass and/or metal
US5581090A (en) 1995-10-25 1996-12-03 Solartech Enterprises, Llc Photochromic ultraviolet detector
JP3595046B2 (en) 1995-11-08 2004-12-02 ビーエーエスエフディスパージョン株式会社 Polymer dispersant, production method thereof, and emulsion polymerization method using the same
DE19547327C2 (en) 1995-12-19 1999-08-26 Daimler Chrysler Ag Layer structure with a photochromic material, process for its preparation and its use
US5885482A (en) 1995-12-28 1999-03-23 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid crystal device, production process thereof and liquid crystal apparatus
US5674437A (en) 1996-02-28 1997-10-07 Glotex Corporation Method of providing luminescence to fibrous materials
US5770115A (en) * 1996-04-19 1998-06-23 Ppg Industries, Inc. Photochromic naphthopyran compositions of improved fatigue resistance
US5789015A (en) 1996-06-26 1998-08-04 Innotech, Inc. Impregnation of plastic substrates with photochromic additives
JPH1036834A (en) 1996-07-16 1998-02-10 Riken Vinyl Kogyo Kk Phosphor composition
US5998085A (en) 1996-07-23 1999-12-07 3M Innovative Properties Process for preparing high resolution emissive arrays and corresponding articles
US5753597A (en) 1996-08-20 1998-05-19 Chevron Chemical Company Polymeric dispersants
US5938554A (en) 1996-09-30 1999-08-17 Borg-Warner Automotive, Inc. Roller chain link plate profile
TW445380B (en) 1996-10-23 2001-07-11 Sumitomo Chemical Co Plasma display front panel
TW358895B (en) 1996-12-26 1999-05-21 Sumitomo Chemical Co Plasma display front panel
US5774997A (en) 1997-01-02 1998-07-07 Performance Dynamics Llc Golf ball out-of-round indicator
US6268458B1 (en) 1997-01-07 2001-07-31 Corning Precision Lens Coupler fluids for projection televisions
US6197218B1 (en) 1997-02-24 2001-03-06 Superior Micropowders Llc Photoluminescent phosphor powders, methods for making phosphor powders and devices incorporating same
EP1176575A1 (en) 1997-03-17 2002-01-30 Magiccom Flexible label, roll and stack
TW417025B (en) 1997-04-10 2001-01-01 Sumitomo Chemical Co Front plate for plasma display
US6746724B1 (en) 1997-04-11 2004-06-08 Infosight Corporation Dual paint coat laser-marking labeling system, method, and product
US5989135A (en) 1997-04-28 1999-11-23 Night & Day Golf, Inc. Luminescent golf ball
US5975696A (en) 1997-05-12 1999-11-02 Kohan; George Process for rendering plastic substrate photochromic
DE19721728C2 (en) * 1997-05-24 2001-07-12 Byk Chemie Gmbh Dispersants for pigments or fillers based on acrylic acid alkyl ester polymers, use and process for producing them
JPH11279408A (en) 1997-06-02 1999-10-12 Dainippon Ink & Chem Inc Production of aqueous resin, aqueous curable resin composition and water-based coating material
US5985381A (en) 1997-06-30 1999-11-16 Conner; Kyle Henry Methods for increasing a camouflaging effect and articles so produced
US5839718A (en) * 1997-07-22 1998-11-24 Usr Optonix Inc. Long persistent phosphorescence phosphor
DE19732251B4 (en) * 1997-07-26 2004-07-29 Byk-Chemie Gmbh Salinization products of polyamines and their use as dispersants for pigments and fillers
US6277037B1 (en) 1997-10-03 2001-08-21 Performance Dynamics Llc Golf ball with water immersion indicator
US5823891A (en) 1997-10-03 1998-10-20 Performance Dynamics, Llc Golf ball with water immersion indicator
US5914076A (en) 1997-10-10 1999-06-22 The Glo-Tech Corporation Process for producing longer-lasting, high luminescence, phosphorescent textile fibers
US5833349A (en) 1997-10-25 1998-11-10 Apple; Wayne B. Phosphorescent lamp shade
US6267911B1 (en) 1997-11-07 2001-07-31 University Of Georgia Research Foundation, Inc. Phosphors with long-persistent green phosphorescence
US6117362A (en) 1997-11-07 2000-09-12 University Of Georgia Research Foundation, Inc. Long-persistence blue phosphors
JPH11140351A (en) * 1997-11-07 1999-05-25 Kowa Chem Ind Co Ltd Water-based phosphorescent coating composition and method for applying same
JPH11236524A (en) 1998-02-20 1999-08-31 Sakura Color Prod Corp Phosphorescent ink composition and phosphorescent material
US6165234A (en) 1998-03-26 2000-12-26 Kanakkanatt; Sebastian V. Thermally color-changing candles
US6096443A (en) * 1998-07-17 2000-08-01 Xerox Corporation Transparencies
US6013122A (en) 1998-08-18 2000-01-11 Option Technologies, Inc. Tattoo inks
US6130781A (en) 1998-09-08 2000-10-10 Gauvin; Aime H. Skylight for day and night illumination
US6156325A (en) * 1998-09-16 2000-12-05 L'oreal Nail enamel composition containing a urea-modified thixotropic agent
TWI285671B (en) 1998-10-13 2007-08-21 Orion 21 A D Pty Ltd Luminescent gel coats and moldable resins
US6905634B2 (en) 1998-10-13 2005-06-14 Peter Burnell-Jones Heat curable thermosetting luminescent resins
EP1131038A1 (en) 1998-11-20 2001-09-12 The General Hospital Corporation Permanent, removable tissue markings
JP2000192034A (en) 1998-12-25 2000-07-11 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Production of phosphor
JP4051645B2 (en) * 1999-02-19 2008-02-27 有限会社アミティ Textile products with phosphorescent reflectors
JP2000294130A (en) 1999-04-08 2000-10-20 Fujitsu Ltd Phosphor layer forming method and plasma display panel
JP3803998B2 (en) 1999-04-22 2006-08-02 横浜ゴム株式会社 One-part moisture curable composition
US6294258B1 (en) 1999-05-18 2001-09-25 Tutco, Inc. Appliance windows coated with thermochromic polymer dispersed liquid crystal
US6623791B2 (en) 1999-07-30 2003-09-23 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Coating compositions having improved adhesion, coated substrates and methods related thereto
GB9918229D0 (en) 1999-08-04 1999-10-06 Ici Plc Improvements relating to metal-compound catalysed processes
JP2001052866A (en) * 1999-08-05 2001-02-23 Fuji Electric Co Ltd Fluorescence conversion filter and organic light- emitting element equipped with the filter
KR100772142B1 (en) 1999-09-29 2007-10-31 사이그넷 웍스, 인코포레이티드 Thermochromic laminates and methods for controlling the temperature of a structure
US6400072B1 (en) 2000-03-08 2002-06-04 Motorola, Inc. Viewing screen for a display device
DE10018581C1 (en) 2000-04-14 2002-02-21 Basf Coatings Ag Color and / or effect painting with combination effect layer and their use
JP2001329047A (en) 2000-05-25 2001-11-27 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd Epoxy resin composition, prepreg, resin adhered metal foil, adhesive sheet, and laminate
IL153283A0 (en) * 2000-06-08 2003-07-06 Improved luminous materials
JP3547374B2 (en) 2000-06-23 2004-07-28 コナミ株式会社 GAME SYSTEM AND STORAGE MEDIUM USED FOR THE SAME
US6617468B2 (en) * 2000-08-16 2003-09-09 Byk-Chemie Gmbh Rheologically active urea urethane compounds
US20030022247A1 (en) * 2000-10-03 2003-01-30 Masabumi Shibuya Substance which inhibits binding of information transfer molecule for 1175-tyrosine phosphorylated KDR/FLK-1 and usages of the same
US6499995B1 (en) 2000-10-04 2002-12-31 Dann A. Schwartz Phosphorescent dental appliance and method of construction
CA2425403A1 (en) 2000-10-11 2003-04-08 Chemetall Gmbh Method for pretreating and subsequently coating metallic surfaces with a paint-type coating prior to forming and use of substrates coated in this way
JP2002234260A (en) 2000-12-04 2002-08-20 Pilot Ink Co Ltd Reversible thermally discoloring and light transmissible laminate
KR100540543B1 (en) 2001-03-15 2006-01-10 미쯔이카가쿠 가부시기가이샤 Laminated body and display device using the laminated body
TW570876B (en) 2001-05-11 2004-01-11 Toyo Seikan Kaisha Ltd Silicon oxide film
CN1209392C (en) 2001-05-14 2005-07-06 阿姆诺洼化学有限公司 Polymeric surfactants derived from cyclic monomers having pendant fluorinated carbon groups
US6800684B2 (en) 2001-05-16 2004-10-05 Toda Kogyo Corporation Composite particles, and tread rubber composition, paint and resin composition using the same
DE10126652A1 (en) 2001-06-01 2002-12-12 Basf Coatings Ag Coating powder, e.g. for painting cars, obtained by mixing liquid components in a static mixer, emulsifying with an aqueous solution of special emulsifier in a disperser, cooling, and isolating the solid particles
DE10126653A1 (en) 2001-06-01 2002-12-12 Basf Coatings Ag Pigmented powder slurry, e.g. for painting cars, obtained by mixing liquid components in a static mixer, emulsifying with aqueous pigment suspension in a disperser and cooling the emulsion
US20030114562A1 (en) * 2001-06-27 2003-06-19 Pennzoil-Quaker State Company Tinting composition and method of use
JP3608051B2 (en) * 2001-07-27 2005-01-05 ターンオン有限会社 Liquefaction color light emission color storage material and method for producing the same
EP1288234A1 (en) 2001-08-27 2003-03-05 Sigma Coatings B.V. Binders with low content in hydrolysable monomer suitable for selfpolishing antifouling paints
TW548683B (en) 2001-10-23 2003-08-21 Toray Industries Dielectric paste and manufacturing method of plasma display
US6833191B2 (en) 2001-11-20 2004-12-21 Encap Technologies, Llc Microencapsulated particles and process for manufacturing same
DE10156918A1 (en) 2001-11-21 2003-06-05 Ge Bayer Silicones Gmbh & Co Paint-compatible to paintable polyorganosiloxane compositions
US6660184B2 (en) 2001-12-13 2003-12-09 Osram Sylvania Inc. Phosphor paste compositions
US6750266B2 (en) 2001-12-28 2004-06-15 3M Innovative Properties Company Multiphoton photosensitization system
US20030222247A1 (en) * 2002-01-28 2003-12-04 Putman Everly Dean Methods for manufacturing luminescent products having long afterglow
US7241825B2 (en) * 2002-05-08 2007-07-10 Teijin Chemicals, Ltd. Polycarbonate resin composition, pellets thereof and molded article thereof
US20030219531A1 (en) 2002-05-22 2003-11-27 Farzad Parsapour Method of manufacturing a dual color filter cathode ray tube (CRT)
CN100375201C (en) 2002-06-14 2008-03-12 海珀里昂催化国际有限公司 Electroconductive carbon fibril-based inks and coatings
US7494704B2 (en) 2002-08-15 2009-02-24 Eastman Kodak Company Material, article and method of preparing materials containing oriented anisotropic particles
US20040109853A1 (en) 2002-09-09 2004-06-10 Reactive Surfaces, Ltd. Biological active coating components, coatings, and coated surfaces
US7241489B2 (en) 2002-09-13 2007-07-10 Jds Uniphase Corporation Opaque flake for covert security applications
WO2004075624A2 (en) 2003-02-24 2004-09-10 Gnxpert Color, Inc. System and methods for achieving signaling
US6953536B2 (en) 2003-02-25 2005-10-11 University Of Georgia Research Foundation, Inc. Long persistent phosphors and persistent energy transfer technique
US20040187417A1 (en) 2003-03-24 2004-09-30 Thomas Paul J. Changeable display system for the exterior of a house and ornaments for exterior window shutters
US6807909B1 (en) 2003-06-19 2004-10-26 William R. Coots Method and apparatus for depositing railroad plates along a railroad track bed
US20050031838A1 (en) 2003-08-06 2005-02-10 Spectra Systems Corporation Taggant security system for paper products as a deterrent to counterfeiting
GB0319639D0 (en) 2003-08-21 2003-09-24 Dodd Caroline M Luminous container
KR100638157B1 (en) 2003-09-04 2006-10-26 주고꾸 도료 가부시키가이샤 Primary anti-corrosive paint composition and steel plate with primary anti-corrosive paint film
CA2539205A1 (en) 2003-09-17 2005-03-31 Segan Industries, Inc. Flash imaging devices, methods for making and using the same
EP1673315A1 (en) 2003-10-17 2006-06-28 DSM IP Assets B.V. Flame retardant uv cured buffered optical fibers and buffer composition
US20050197423A1 (en) * 2003-11-07 2005-09-08 Hidetoshi Fukuo Photostorage solid drawing medium
US20050134164A1 (en) 2003-12-18 2005-06-23 3M Innovative Properties Company Optical coupler for projection display
TWI388876B (en) 2003-12-26 2013-03-11 Fujifilm Corp Antireflection film, polarizing plate, method for producing them, liquid crystal display element, liquid crystal display device, and image display device
WO2005066278A1 (en) 2003-12-30 2005-07-21 General Electric Company Polymer compositions, method of manufacture, and articles formed therefrom
US6990903B2 (en) 2004-04-21 2006-01-31 Print-Lock Corporation Kit for labeling valuables for their identification and method therefor
US7138009B2 (en) * 2004-06-22 2006-11-21 Pitney Bowes Inc. Signature protected photosensitive optically variable ink compositions and process
US7910022B2 (en) * 2006-09-15 2011-03-22 Performance Indicator, Llc Phosphorescent compositions for identification
CA2591803A1 (en) 2004-12-20 2006-06-29 Performance Indicator L.L.C. High-intensity, persistent photoluminescent formulations and objects, and methods for creating the same
US7547894B2 (en) * 2006-09-15 2009-06-16 Performance Indicator, L.L.C. Phosphorescent compositions and methods for identification using the same

Patent Citations (99)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2787558A (en) * 1955-01-27 1957-04-02 Firth Carpet Company Inc Process of producing phosphorescent yarn
US3022189A (en) * 1961-01-19 1962-02-20 Du Pont Daylight fluorescent coated fabric
US3508810A (en) * 1967-07-19 1970-04-28 Vari Light Corp Photochromic systems
US3578602A (en) * 1967-08-30 1971-05-11 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Photochromic compound
US3560211A (en) * 1967-09-22 1971-02-02 Horizons Research Inc Light sensitive leuco dye systems containing no molecular oxygen therein
US3562172A (en) * 1968-10-28 1971-02-09 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Photochromic compound and composition containing the same
US3884697A (en) * 1969-03-31 1975-05-20 Eiichi Inoue Photographic process utilizing spiropyran compound dispersed in nitrocellulose films with high nitrogen content
US3650812A (en) * 1969-12-24 1972-03-21 Ford Motor Co Acrylic-siloxane resin paint and painted article
US3666352A (en) * 1970-01-22 1972-05-30 Charles A Wagner Rate controlled photochromic lenses of vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer containing a mercury thiocarbazone compound
US3654190A (en) * 1970-05-28 1972-04-04 Us Navy Fire retardant intumescent paint
US3668189A (en) * 1970-08-24 1972-06-06 Allied Chem Fluorescent polycarbonamides
US3714181A (en) * 1970-12-31 1973-01-30 American Cyanamid Co 2-aryl-5,10-diphenylphenanthro(9,10-d)azoles
US3936970A (en) * 1971-05-10 1976-02-10 Hodges John A Fishing lure and method of fishing
US4028118A (en) * 1972-05-30 1977-06-07 Pilot Ink Co., Ltd. Thermochromic materials
US3738299A (en) * 1972-06-22 1973-06-12 M Packler Emblems which will glow in the dark and the method of making them
US3873390A (en) * 1972-09-27 1975-03-25 Richard K Cornell Phosphorescent, fluorescent and reflective coated sheets or films and compositions and method for making the same
US4025661A (en) * 1972-11-13 1977-05-24 Rca Corporation Method of making viewing-screen structure for a cathode-ray tube
US3957678A (en) * 1973-01-11 1976-05-18 U.S. Philips Corporation Method of manufacturing a luminescent sulfide
US4208300A (en) * 1973-07-11 1980-06-17 Gravisse Philippe E Photoluminescent materials and method of manufacturing same
US4567019A (en) * 1977-05-11 1986-01-28 Graphic Controls Corporation Color reversing compositions
US4188449A (en) * 1977-08-04 1980-02-12 Eastman Kodak Company Phosphorescent screens
US4375373A (en) * 1978-12-29 1983-03-01 Toro Ganryo Kogyo Co., Ltd. Method of coating inorganic pigments (ultramarine and bronze powder) with dense amorphous silica
US4268134A (en) * 1979-03-07 1981-05-19 Corning Glass Works Lightweight laminated photochromic lenses
US4425161A (en) * 1980-11-27 1984-01-10 Yutaka Shibahashi Thermochromic materials
US4379100A (en) * 1981-02-02 1983-04-05 Ex-Cell-O Corporation Polyurethane molding process with siloxane internal release agent
US4425377A (en) * 1981-07-22 1984-01-10 Rca Corporation Method of making a cathode-ray tube having a conductive internal coating exhibiting reduced arcing current
US4440672A (en) * 1982-03-22 1984-04-03 American Optical Corporation Photochromic composition resistant to fatigue
US4720356A (en) * 1982-03-22 1988-01-19 American Optical Corporation Photochromic composition resistant to fatigue
US4451504A (en) * 1983-05-20 1984-05-29 North American Philips Consumer Electronics Corp. Process for applying phosphor to the aperture mask of a cathode ray tube
US4637698A (en) * 1983-11-04 1987-01-20 Ppg Industries, Inc. Photochromic compound and articles containing the same
US4663214A (en) * 1985-01-04 1987-05-05 Coburn Jr Joseph W Phosphorescent material and process of manufacture
US4734295A (en) * 1985-01-07 1988-03-29 Liu P Dong Guang Glare control
US4717710A (en) * 1985-01-17 1988-01-05 Matsui Shikiso Chemical Co. Ltd. Thermochromic composition
US4830875A (en) * 1985-10-10 1989-05-16 Quantex Corporation Photoluminescent materials and associated process and infrared sensing device
US4826550A (en) * 1985-11-28 1989-05-02 Matui Shikiso Chemical Co., Ltd. Process for preparing molded product of thermochromic polyvinyl chloride
US4717770A (en) * 1986-02-27 1988-01-05 Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. Process for producing epsilon-caprolactam
US4913544A (en) * 1986-05-01 1990-04-03 Pilkington Plc Photochromic articles
US4826977A (en) * 1986-05-15 1989-05-02 The Plessey Company Plc Photochromic spiropyran compounds
US4818096A (en) * 1986-06-17 1989-04-04 The Plessey Company Plc Photoreactive lenses with adamantane spiro compounds
US4910252A (en) * 1986-07-07 1990-03-20 Kansai Paint Co., Ltd. Siloxane polymer antifouling paint composition containing polysiloxanes
US4927180A (en) * 1986-08-22 1990-05-22 Plessey Overseas Limited Marking of articles with photochromic compounds
US4835475A (en) * 1986-11-17 1989-05-30 Niichi Hanakura Battery tester including a thermochromic material
US4898895A (en) * 1986-12-30 1990-02-06 Nippon Oil And Fats Co., Ltd. Antifouling pain having a polyacrylate component with pendent silyl or siloxane groups
US4729907A (en) * 1987-02-24 1988-03-08 Rca Corporation Method of making a viewing screen structure for a cathode-ray tube
US5630869A (en) * 1988-01-12 1997-05-20 Sicipa Holding S.A. Reversibly photochromic printing inks
US4921727A (en) * 1988-12-21 1990-05-01 Rca Licensing Corporation Surface treatment of silica-coated phosphor particles and method for a CRT screen
US5605734A (en) * 1989-11-02 1997-02-25 Basf Corporation Phosphorescent directional signals and manufacturing method
US5176905A (en) * 1989-11-30 1993-01-05 Shiseido Co., Ltd. Photochromic flesh-colored pigment and process for producing the same
US5007647A (en) * 1989-12-15 1991-04-16 Sports Glow, Inc. Golf ball and method of making same
US5023015A (en) * 1989-12-19 1991-06-11 Gte Products Corporation Method of phosphor preparation
US5185390A (en) * 1990-03-07 1993-02-09 Ppg Industries, Inc. Water strippable photochromic resin composition
US5221288A (en) * 1990-10-09 1993-06-22 Matsui Shikiso Chemical Co., Ltd. Thermochromic dyeing method and cellulose product dyed thereby
US5223330A (en) * 1990-11-28 1993-06-29 Precision Fabrics Group, Inc. Phosphorescent fiber reinforced plastic article and process for making the same
US5387458A (en) * 1990-12-06 1995-02-07 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Articles exhibiting durable fluorescence with an ultraviolet screening layer
US5294375A (en) * 1991-08-20 1994-03-15 Polaroid Corporation Thermochromic materials
US5480482A (en) * 1991-11-04 1996-01-02 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Reversible thermochromic pigments
US5389093A (en) * 1992-04-01 1995-02-14 Howell; Wesley A. Wetness indicating diaper
US6391492B1 (en) * 1992-04-05 2002-05-21 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Secondary battery
US5395673A (en) * 1992-04-23 1995-03-07 Hunt; Gary B. Non-slip surface
US5391327A (en) * 1992-09-25 1995-02-21 Transitions Optical, Inc. Photochromic compositions of improved fatigue resistance
US5292549A (en) * 1992-10-23 1994-03-08 Armco Inc. Metallic coated steel having a siloxane film providing temporary corrosion protection and method therefor
US5321069A (en) * 1992-11-25 1994-06-14 Afterglow Accent Yarns, Inc. Process for producing phosphorescent yarn and yarn produced by the process
US5618063A (en) * 1992-12-09 1997-04-08 Wallace Computer Services, Inc. Multicolor heat-sensitive verification and highlighting system
US6060428A (en) * 1992-12-09 2000-05-09 Wallace Computer Services, Inc. Heat-sensitive chromogenic system
US5378897A (en) * 1992-12-09 1995-01-03 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Radiation image storage panel
US5728758A (en) * 1993-12-13 1998-03-17 Transitions Optical, Inc. Coating composition and articles having a cured coating
US5708181A (en) * 1994-03-11 1998-01-13 Otsuka Kagaku Kabushiki Kaisha Spiropyran compound
US5490344A (en) * 1994-03-22 1996-02-13 Bussiere; Robert A. Glow-in-the-dark material for fishing accessories
US5744233A (en) * 1994-09-09 1998-04-28 U.S. Philips Corporation Method of coating luminescent powders, luminescent powders and coated object
US6027810A (en) * 1994-10-07 2000-02-22 Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing Radiographic intensifying screen with antistat
US5731658A (en) * 1994-11-30 1998-03-24 Honeywell Inc. Ultraviolet binder for phosphor fluorescent light box
US5607621A (en) * 1994-12-28 1997-03-04 Ykk Corporation Phosphorescent synthetic resin material method for production thereof, and formed article
US5717282A (en) * 1995-02-20 1998-02-10 U.S. Philips Corporation Display device comprising a display screen having a light-absorbing coating
US6048347A (en) * 1995-11-01 2000-04-11 Micro Medical Devices, Inc. Lens storage and folding apparatus
US6177487B1 (en) * 1995-11-03 2001-01-23 Basf Coatings Ag Aqueous powder paint dispersions
US5716723A (en) * 1996-03-07 1998-02-10 Van Cleef; James Gresham Glow in the dark shoe sole
US5753146A (en) * 1996-03-29 1998-05-19 Transitions Optical, Inc. Photochromic naphthopyran compositions of neutral color
US6344233B1 (en) * 1996-10-15 2002-02-05 Institute For Radiological Image Sciences, Inc. Method of producing a phosphor screen
US5730961A (en) * 1997-01-24 1998-03-24 Goudjil; Kamal Metamorphic nail polish
US6013980A (en) * 1997-05-09 2000-01-11 Advanced Refractory Technologies, Inc. Electrically tunable low secondary electron emission diamond-like coatings and process for depositing coatings
US6878076B2 (en) * 1997-10-03 2005-04-12 Performance Indicator, Llc Golf ball with moisture exposure indicator
US6358160B1 (en) * 1997-10-03 2002-03-19 Performance Dynamics Llc Golf ball with water immersion indicator
US6046455A (en) * 1998-01-30 2000-04-04 Segan Industries Integrating ultraviolet exposure detection devices
US6201057B1 (en) * 1998-02-23 2001-03-13 Therma-Tru Corporation Weatherable coating and stain system for thermoset or thermoplastic composite surfaces
US6375864B1 (en) * 1998-11-10 2002-04-23 M.A. Hannacolor, A Division Of M.A. Hanna Company Daylight/nightglow colored phosphorescent plastic compositions and articles
US6196241B1 (en) * 1999-05-19 2001-03-06 Denise Doolan Color changing umbrella
US6359048B1 (en) * 1999-06-05 2002-03-19 Van Duynhoven Debra May Tintable luminescent paint
US6553696B1 (en) * 1999-09-17 2003-04-29 Robert Foster, Sr. Flourescent drink rim
US6207077B1 (en) * 2000-02-18 2001-03-27 Orion 21 A.D. Pty Ltd Luminescent gel coats and moldable resins
US20020034475A1 (en) * 2000-06-23 2002-03-21 Ribi Hans O. Ingestibles possessing intrinsic color change
US6508732B1 (en) * 2000-07-03 2003-01-21 Mildred Kinghorn Romberger Tennis ball
US6710127B2 (en) * 2000-09-29 2004-03-23 Byk- Chemie Gmbh Levelling agents for surface coatings
US6894124B2 (en) * 2000-11-01 2005-05-17 Kansai Paint Co., Ltd. High solid paint compositions
US6514594B1 (en) * 2000-11-09 2003-02-04 Avery Dennison Corporation Fluorescent polymeric articles having screening layer formed from U.V. light absorbing polymer
US6861467B2 (en) * 2002-06-28 2005-03-01 Okitsumo Incorporated Powder coating composition
US7050387B2 (en) * 2002-06-28 2006-05-23 Victor Company Of Japan, Ltd. Optical storage medium
US20040009833A1 (en) * 2002-07-10 2004-01-15 Ja-Ru, Inc. Glow-in-the-dark wrist toy
US6870024B2 (en) * 2002-09-09 2005-03-22 Byk-Chemie Gmbh Polymeric urea-urethane rheology control agents and a process for their preparation
US7033712B2 (en) * 2003-01-30 2006-04-25 Thomson Licensing Method of manufacturing a color filter cathode ray tube (CRT)

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060228498A1 (en) * 2005-03-22 2006-10-12 Wayne Parr Thermochromatic pigment covered article and method of making the same
US8092866B2 (en) * 2005-03-22 2012-01-10 World Wide Lines, Inc. Thermochromatic pigment covered article and method of making the same
US20080162162A1 (en) * 2006-12-27 2008-07-03 Pitney Bowes Incorporated Machine readable colored envelopes
US7684997B2 (en) * 2006-12-27 2010-03-23 Pitney Bowes Inc. Machine readable colored envelopes
US20080279253A1 (en) * 2007-05-10 2008-11-13 Macdonald John Gavin Method and articles for sensing relative temperature
US8029190B2 (en) * 2007-05-10 2011-10-04 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Method and articles for sensing relative temperature
US20090060165A1 (en) * 2007-08-30 2009-03-05 Pradeep Kumar Dani Method and System for Customer Transaction Request Routing
US20120148797A1 (en) * 2010-12-08 2012-06-14 Chen-Chu Tsai Camouflage structure capable of altering its appearance
US8871327B2 (en) * 2010-12-08 2014-10-28 Industrial Technology Research Institute Camouflage structure capable of altering its appearance
US20130286461A1 (en) * 2012-04-27 2013-10-31 Pleotint, L.L.C. Synergistic reversible chromism
EP2808372A1 (en) * 2013-05-28 2014-12-03 The Procter and Gamble Company Surface treatment compositions comprising photochromic dyes
WO2014193859A1 (en) * 2013-05-28 2014-12-04 The Procter & Gamble Company Surface treatment compositions comprising photochromic dyes
US9206382B2 (en) 2013-05-28 2015-12-08 The Procter & Gamble Company Surface treatment compositions comprising photochromic dyes
CN105229116A (en) * 2013-05-28 2016-01-06 宝洁公司 Comprise the surface treating composition of photochromic dyes
US20160184649A1 (en) * 2014-12-26 2016-06-30 Dunlop Sports Co. Ltd. Golf ball
US9789364B2 (en) * 2014-12-26 2017-10-17 Dunlop Sports Co. Ltd. Golf ball
US10253559B2 (en) 2015-09-29 2019-04-09 Alliance For Sustainable Energy, Llc Energy-harvesting chromogenic devices
US10844658B2 (en) 2017-02-27 2020-11-24 Alliance For Sustainable Energy, Llc Energy-harvesting chromogenic devices
US11802440B2 (en) 2017-02-27 2023-10-31 Alliance For Sustainable Energy, Llc Energy-harvesting chromogenic devices
US11043335B2 (en) 2017-05-10 2021-06-22 Alliance For Sustainable Energy, Llc Multilayer carbon nanotube film-containing devices

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2005319365B2 (en) 2011-02-03
US20110012062A1 (en) 2011-01-20
JP2008524401A (en) 2008-07-10
US8287757B2 (en) 2012-10-16
US20120021251A1 (en) 2012-01-26
MX2007007445A (en) 2007-11-08
US8282858B2 (en) 2012-10-09
US20120027930A1 (en) 2012-02-02
US20080185557A1 (en) 2008-08-07
EP1833943A2 (en) 2007-09-19
WO2006069028A3 (en) 2006-10-05
CA2591803A1 (en) 2006-06-29
EP1833943A4 (en) 2011-09-28
US20120028054A1 (en) 2012-02-02
SG159492A1 (en) 2010-03-30
US20120251712A1 (en) 2012-10-04
US8409662B2 (en) 2013-04-02
WO2006069028A2 (en) 2006-06-29
AU2005319365A1 (en) 2006-06-29
US8293136B2 (en) 2012-10-23
US8163201B2 (en) 2012-04-24
US20060159925A1 (en) 2006-07-20

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US20060172135A1 (en) Layered envirochromic materials, applications and methods of preparation thereof
CN105899977B (en) Optical reflection film and the light reflector for using the optical reflection film
CN103756403B (en) A kind of Noctilucence printing ink
EP2295117B1 (en) Alignment guide for a golf ball
JP2008504116A (en) Invisible mark formation method and detection method, articles marked according to the method
CN113056746B (en) Method for detecting hidden pattern
CN105459656A (en) Printing process for fluorescent display mobile phone protection screen
US20020119294A1 (en) Light-emitting, light-rechargeable labels for containers
CN106526729B (en) A kind of preparation method of style of opening colour reflective piece
KR20020003546A (en) Decorative Films for Glass-Paned Window
CN100406923C (en) Dielectric mirror retroreflective appliques having excellent repetitive laundering performance
JPH1170359A (en) Film for display
CA2961679C (en) Laminate foil material bearing luminescent tag
US20100005601A1 (en) Reflective ink, dye or paint
US20210154972A1 (en) Discoloring body having glossiness
KR20120041887A (en) Coating material for life goods comprising clothes,bag, shoes and its printing method
JP2002167541A (en) Retroreflective ink composition
GB2382560A (en) Environmentally Sensitive Bottle
KR101744602B1 (en) Phosphorescent resin composition for road sign and road sign using the same
JP2001106976A (en) Part using fluorescent substance
KR100731952B1 (en) Switch plate cover sheet for decoration or interior
CN206326963U (en) The color film of NEW TYPE OF COMPOSITE for ornament
KR200346673Y1 (en) a telltale phosphorescent pigments
JP2004322423A (en) Metallic gloss tone thermodiscoloring laminate
JPH10216296A (en) Snow sliding tool

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: PERFORMANCE INDICATOR LLC, MASSACHUSETTS

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:AGRAWAL, SATISH;OSINSKI, ROBB J.;WINSKOWICZ, ROBERT;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:017385/0762;SIGNING DATES FROM 20060307 TO 20060309

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION