US20060212119A1 - Intervertebral spacer - Google Patents
Intervertebral spacer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20060212119A1 US20060212119A1 US11/327,298 US32729806A US2006212119A1 US 20060212119 A1 US20060212119 A1 US 20060212119A1 US 32729806 A US32729806 A US 32729806A US 2006212119 A1 US2006212119 A1 US 2006212119A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- spacing member
- spacing
- intervertebral
- implant
- vertebral bodies
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/46—Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor
- A61F2/4603—Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof
- A61F2/4611—Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof of spinal prostheses
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/28—Bones
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/44—Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs
- A61F2/442—Intervertebral or spinal discs, e.g. resilient
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/44—Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs
- A61F2/4455—Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs for the fusion of spinal bodies, e.g. intervertebral fusion of adjacent spinal bodies, e.g. fusion cages
- A61F2/4465—Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs for the fusion of spinal bodies, e.g. intervertebral fusion of adjacent spinal bodies, e.g. fusion cages having a circular or kidney shaped cross-section substantially perpendicular to the axis of the spine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/46—Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor
- A61F2/4684—Trial or dummy prostheses
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/28—Bones
- A61F2002/2835—Bone graft implants for filling a bony defect or an endoprosthesis cavity, e.g. by synthetic material or biological material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
- A61F2002/30108—Shapes
- A61F2002/3011—Cross-sections or two-dimensional shapes
- A61F2002/30112—Rounded shapes, e.g. with rounded corners
- A61F2002/30133—Rounded shapes, e.g. with rounded corners kidney-shaped or bean-shaped
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/30767—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth
- A61F2/30771—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth applied in original prostheses, e.g. holes or grooves
- A61F2002/30772—Apertures or holes, e.g. of circular cross section
- A61F2002/30774—Apertures or holes, e.g. of circular cross section internally-threaded
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/30767—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth
- A61F2/30771—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth applied in original prostheses, e.g. holes or grooves
- A61F2002/3082—Grooves
- A61F2002/30827—Plurality of grooves
- A61F2002/30828—Plurality of grooves parallel
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/46—Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor
- A61F2/4603—Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof
- A61F2002/4625—Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof with relative movement between parts of the instrument during use
- A61F2002/4627—Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof with relative movement between parts of the instrument during use with linear motion along or rotating motion about the instrument axis or the implantation direction, e.g. telescopic, along a guiding rod, screwing inside the instrument
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2230/00—Geometry of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2230/0002—Two-dimensional shapes, e.g. cross-sections
- A61F2230/0004—Rounded shapes, e.g. with rounded corners
- A61F2230/0015—Kidney-shaped, e.g. bean-shaped
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2310/00—Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
- A61F2310/00005—The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
- A61F2310/00011—Metals or alloys
- A61F2310/00023—Titanium or titanium-based alloys, e.g. Ti-Ni alloys
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2310/00—Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
- A61F2310/00005—The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
- A61F2310/00179—Ceramics or ceramic-like structures
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S623/00—Prosthesis, i.e. artificial body members, parts thereof, or aids and accessories therefor
- Y10S623/902—Method of implanting
- Y10S623/908—Bone
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates generally to an intervertebral spacer, and more particularly, but not necessarily entirely, to a interbody spacing system for accomplishing enhanced intervertebral fusion between adjacent vertebral bodies of a human spine.
- the human spine is a complex, sophisticated mechanical system.
- the vertebrate spine operates as a structural member, providing structural support for the other body parts.
- a normal human spine is segmented with seven cervical, twelve thoracic and five lumbar segments.
- the lumbar portion of the spine resides on the sacrum, which is attached to the pelvis.
- the pelvis is supported by the hips and leg bones.
- the bony vertebral bodies of the spine are separated by intervertebral discs, which reside sandwiched between the vertebral bodies and operate as joints allowing known degrees of flexion, extension, lateral bending and axial rotation.
- the intervertebral disc primarily serves as a mechanical cushion between adjacent vertebral bodies, and permits controlled motions within vertebral segments of the axial skeleton.
- the disc is a multi-element system, having three basic components: the nucleus pulposus (“nucleus”), the annulus fibrosus (“annulus”) and two vertebral end plates.
- the end plates are made of thin cartilage overlying a thin layer of hard, cortical bone that attaches to the spongy, richly vascular, cancellous bone of the vertebral body. The plates thereby operate to attach adjacent vertebrae to the disc. In other words, a transitional zone is created by the end plates between the malleable disc and the bony vertebrae.
- the annulus of the disc forms the disc perimeter, and is a tough, outer fibrous ring that binds adjacent vertebrae together.
- the fiber layers of the annulus include fifteen to twenty overlapping plies, which are inserted into the superior and inferior vertebral bodies at roughly a 40 degree angle in both directions. This causes bi-directional torsional resistance, as about half of the angulated fibers will tighten when the vertebrae rotate in either direction.
- the damaged disc may be replaced with a disc prosthesis intended to duplicate the function of the natural spinal disc.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,863,477 discloses a resilient spinal disc prosthesis intended to replace the resiliency of a natural human spinal disc.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,192,326 teaches a prosthetic nucleus for replacing just the nucleus portion of a human spinal disc.
- intervertebral fusion In other cases it is desired to fuse the adjacent vertebrae together after removal of the disc, sometimes referred to as “intervertebral fusion” or “interbody fusion.”
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,961,554 (granted Oct. 5, 1999 to Janson et al.) illustrates a spacer having a high degree of porosity throughout, for enhanced tissue ingrowth characteristics. This patent does not address the problem of compromising the sagittal alignment, or of increased pain and trauma to the patient by implantation of multiple spacers in a single disk space.
- the prior art is thus characterized by several disadvantages that are addressed by the present disclosure.
- the present disclosure minimizes, and in some aspects eliminates, the above-mentioned failures, and other problems, by utilizing the methods and structural features described herein.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an intervertebral spacer, made in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
- FIG. 2 is a plan view of the intervertebral spacer of FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 3 is a frontal view of the intervertebral spacer of FIGS. 1 and 2 ;
- FIG. 4 is a side view of the intervertebral spacer of FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 ;
- FIG. 5 is side view of a pair of adjacent vertebral bodies from the lumbar region of a human spine
- FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a sheathed trocar device releasably attached to a trial spacer shaped similarly to the intervertebral spacer of FIG. 1 , in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure;
- FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a sheathed trocar device releasably attached to the intervertebral spacer of FIG. 1 , in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
- FIGS. 8A-8D illustrate a schematic progression of the placement of the intervertebral spacer of FIG. 1 between vertebral bodies of a human spine;
- FIG. 9 illustrates posterior instrumentation by which compression is applied to the posterior sides of a pair of adjacent vertebral bodies of a human spine
- FIG. 10 is a side view of an alternative embodiment intervertebral spacer
- FIG. 11 is a back view of an alternative embodiment intervertebral spacer.
- FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of the alternative embodiment intervertebral spacer of FIG. 11 , taken along line A-A.
- Applicants have discovered that several of the disadvantages of the prior art spinal disc replacement systems can be minimized, or even eliminated, by the use of a cashew-shaped interbody spacer having a tapered external shape, placing it is far anteriorly as possible between adjacent vertebral bodies, filling in the remaining posterior space with bone graft material, and applying compression to posterior portions of the vertebral bodies to load the bone graft in compression and restore sagittal alignment.
- a spacing member referred to also herein as an intervertebral spacer or an interbody spacer, designated generally at 10 .
- the spacer 10 may be utilized, along with autogenous bone grafting material, to replace a diseased or damaged spinal disc.
- the procedure may be implemented by making an incision 32 in the annulus 34 connecting adjacent vertebral bodies 31 .
- the spinal disc (not shown) may be surgically removed from the incision 32 , after which the spacer 10 is placed through the incision 32 into position between the vertebral bodies 31 .
- the spacer may be placed with its convex, anterior sidewall 12 facing anteriorly, and with its concave, posterior sidewall 14 facing posteriorly.
- Bone grafting material may be placed through the incision 32 to reside behind the spacer 10 , after which posterior instrumentation may be attached to pedicle areas 34 to force the vertebral bodies 31 together in compression, as illustrated schematically in FIG. 8D and more particularly in FIG. 9 .
- the spacer 10 may be made of titanium, thus having a non-porous quality with a smooth finish.
- the spacer 10 could also be made of ceramic, stainless steel or other metallic materials, nitinol, nylon, polyethylene, polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyurethane, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or any suitable polymer, carbon, hydroxyapatile or any other suitable material that is inert or biologically compatible, such as bone including, but not limited to, allogenic or xenogenic bone implants.
- non-porous as used herein shall be construed broadly in accordance with the common, ordinary meaning of that term to refer to objects possessing an impediment to flow that would operate in the presence of fluid to impede or even block fluid flow through the object.
- such objects are either impermeable by liquid, or possess a limited degree of permeability that prevents liquid from passing through the object in a manner that would be considered flow.
- Examples of objects that are non-porous and impermeable include a solid titanium or solid ceramic intervertebral spacer, or a spacer made from impermeable bone material, or a spacer that is coated or treated in some way to render it impermeable.
- Examples of objects that are non-porous and possess a limited degree of permeability, and which therefore do not permit fluid to pass through them in a flowable manner include biologically compatible spacers made from bone, such as milled-bone allograft spacers or particle-bone allograft spacers that are freeze-dried and thereafter re-hydrated prior to insertion, or any other type of non-porous spacer made from bone.
- biologically compatible spacers made from bone such as milled-bone allograft spacers or particle-bone allograft spacers that are freeze-dried and thereafter re-hydrated prior to insertion, or any other type of non-porous spacer made from bone.
- the spacer 10 may be thus constructed from a rigid, non-resilient load-bearing material, one that may be incapable of elastic deformation.
- the spacer 10 by its anterior, convex sidewall 12 and its posterior, concave sidewall 14 , has thereby a concavo-convex contour
- solid body shall refer to the concept of the spacer 10 having no through holes, nor any internal encapsulated voids other than naturally occurring voids existing in the material used to construct the spacer 10 .
- through hole shall refer to a hole formed in and extending through a body and having an entrance and an opposing exit, in a manner such that any line, including but not limited to straight, curved, or tortuous lines, may extend continuously from said entrance through some portion of the hole along any path to reach the exit.
- the concept of an object having a concavo-convex contour with respect to one dimension of the object shall not require the concave and convex sides of the object to be parallel to one another, although such may be preferred.
- the concept does however refer to a dimension in which the concave and convex sides of the object are at least partially facing the direction of that dimension, as indicated by the dimension 16 of FIG. 1 in relation to the spacer 10 .
- an object being concavo-convex in a single dimension shall thereby include an object that has concave and convex sides 14 and 12 in a horizontal dimension 16 , even though those very same sides are linear in a vertical dimension 20 at all points, such as in the case of the spacer 10 shown in FIG. 1 .
- the spacer 10 is concavo-convex in the anterior-posterior direction 16 , though not in a medial-lateral direction 18 or vertical direction 20 .
- the upper surface 22 of the spacer 10 may be a planar, discontinuous surface as shown, having a plurality of spaced-apart elongate recesses 24 , with a corner point 28 whereby one side 26 or portion of the spacer 10 begins tapering in the medial-lateral direction 18 , as shown most clearly in FIG. 3 .
- the tapered side 26 may facilitate insertion of the spacer 10 and may be sized to extend along a portion of a length L such that the tapered side 26 covers less than approximately 25% of the length L.
- the upper surface 22 and lower surface 30 may support the spinal disc without causing a lateral curvature or scoliosis.
- the tapered side 26 may begin at a male corner line 28 a , which starts at the corner point 28 . It will be appreciated that the orientation of the male corner line 28 a may vary such that the tapered side 26 may have various different configurations within the scope of the present disclosure. It will also be understood that in an alternative implementation of the present disclosure, the tapered side 26 may be formed as a curved surface without the presence of the corner point 28 . Accordingly, the tapered side 26 may be configured to gradually blend into the upper surface 22 or the lower surface 30 without a male corner line 28 a.
- the spacing member or spacer 10 may be configured such that the upper surface 22 and the lower surface 30 may terminate in a free insertion end at R 4 in FIG. 2 .
- At least one of the upper surface 22 and the lower surface 30 may include the male corner line 28 a .
- the spacer 10 may include a tapered portion or side 26 between the male corner line 28 a and the free insertion end such that the spacer 10 becomes progressively thinner from the male corner line 28 a toward the free insertion end.
- the tapered portion 26 may be characterized by at least one smooth surface that is a part of either the upper surface 22 or the lower surface 30 and extends from the male corner line 28 a to the free insertion end, the smooth surface having an absence of corners, points or other abrupt edges.
- Further taper of the spacer 10 may occur in the anterior-to-posterior direction 16 , in that the spacer 10 may narrow in thickness in a continuous manner along substantially the entire width of the spacer 10 as shown most clearly in FIG. 4 .
- the upper surface 22 and lower surface 30 may form an acute angle relative to a horizontal plane 23 , the angle may be within a range of approximately two to eight degrees, such as four degrees, for example.
- the entire taper may therefore be an eight degree total taper, with four degrees of taper resulting from the upper surface 22 and the other four degrees of taper resulting from the lower surface 30 .
- the spacer 10 may have an arc-length AL that may be 1.218 inches, a width W that may be 0.320 inches, a depth D that may be 0.532 inches, an inner radius R 2 that may be 0.271 inches, an outer radius R 1 that may be 0.591 inches, and side radii R 3 and R 4 that each may be 0.160 inches.
- the anterior, convex sidewall 12 and the posterior, concave sidewall 14 of the spacer 10 each may be linear in the vertical dimension 20 , and may be parallel relative to one another.
- the convex sidewall 12 and concave sidewall 14 may form part of a perimeter of the spacer 10 , such that the perimeter may have a smooth contour characterized by an absence of corners or abrupt edges as shown in the plan view of FIG. 2 .
- the spacer 10 may include attachment means for releasably attaching positioning means to the spacer 10 , such as the opening 10 a or other such recesses, and still maintain the smooth contour to facilitate insertion of the spacer 10 .
- the spacer 10 may be also constructed from bone, such as allogenic bone or allograft material.
- the allogenic spacer 10 may be machined from human bone, but could also comprise xenogenic bone or xenograft material as known to those skilled in the art.
- the spacer 10 could also comprise reconstituted pulverized bone in a manner known to those skilled in the art.
- the spacer 10 may have substantially the same shape and size as the spacer 10 described in the previous embodiment.
- the upper and lower surfaces, 22 and 30 respectively, of the spacer 10 may also be either planar or curved.
- the upper and lower surfaces 22 and 30 may be configured without any recesses 24 .
- the spacer 10 may have multiple rows of teeth (not shown) projecting from the upper and lower surfaces, 22 and 30 respectively.
- an alternative embodiment spacer 11 may have an upper surface 22 a and a lower surface 30 a that may be oriented at substantial right angles to the sidewalls 12 a and 14 a .
- the surfaces 22 a and 30 a may not taper in an anterior-posterior direction.
- the upper surface 22 a and the lower surface 30 a may be substantially parallel to a horizontal plane 23 a .
- other implementations of the present disclosure may include a spacer with sidewalls that are not oriented at right angles with the upper surface 22 a and the lower surface 30 a , but in which the upper surface 22 a may still be substantially parallel to the lower surface 30 a .
- the upper surface 22 a and the lower surface 30 a may be somewhat dome shaped.
- the alternative embodiment spacer 11 may be formed with recesses 24 a having sidewalls 27 and bottom portions 29 .
- opposing sidewalls 27 in the recesses 24 a may be configured to form a non-parallel angle ⁇ with respect to each other.
- the angle ⁇ may be formed at various different angles, such as angles within a range of between approximately 45 to 75 degrees, for example.
- One implementation of the present disclosure includes sidewalls 27 at an angle ⁇ of approximately 60 degrees, for example. This configuration may allow the spacer 10 to have added strength at the recesses 24 a , since the sidewalls 27 between recesses 24 a may be thicker at the bottom.
- the sidewalls 27 may be formed at various different angles a and shapes within the scope of the present disclosure.
- the sidewalls may be substantially vertical, and the bottom portions 29 may be substantially horizontal.
- the sidewalls 27 of the recesses 24 may be formed at a slope and the bottom portions 29 may be configured to be flat, or the sidewalls 27 and bottom portions 29 may both be curved.
- the spacer 10 may have flat or pointed surfaces at the top of the recesses 24 .
- the alternative embodiment spacer 11 may have side recesses 25 .
- FIG. 12 shows a cross-sectional view of the alternative embodiment spacer 11 , taken along the line A-A in FIG. 11 , which shows the side recesses 25 extending within the spacer 11 .
- the side recesses 25 may be configured for receiving positioning means for enabling a surgeon to adjust a position of the spacer 11 when the spacer 11 resides between the adjacent intervertebral bodies 31 .
- the positioning means may be formed as a rod member and may be received in the recesses 25 on both sides of the spacer 11 to facilitate manipulation of the spacer 11 .
- intervertebral fusion Some of the primary goals in intervertebral fusion are immobilization of the affected vertebrae, interbody arthrodesis, restoration of the spinal disc space, and sagittal alignment, and to provide an environment for bony fusion between vertebral bodies. Applicants have discovered that these goals may be most effectively accomplished by the mechanical principle of a cantilever. Using the spacer 10 as a compression point, a cantilever may be constructed within the disc space as shown most clearly in FIG. 8D . The procedure for accomplishing this is as follows.
- FIG. 8A is a schematic side, internal view of the vertebral bodies 31 indicated in FIG. 5 .
- the spinal disc 33 resides between the vertebral bodies 31 , all of which reside between the anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL) 36 and the posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL) 38 .
- the dural nerve (Dura) 40 resides posteriorly to the vertebral bodies 31 and the PLL 38 .
- posterior access to the spine of the patient may be accomplished.
- a right handed surgeon may be positioned on the patient's left side to perform the procedure.
- Posterior instrumentation such as pedicle screws 42 ( FIG. 9 ) may be affixed to posterior pedicle portions 34 of the vertebral bodies 31 .
- the associated rods 44 and structure interconnecting the rods 44 with the pedicle screws 42 are not affixed until later on in the procedure.
- a posterior portion of the lower vertebral body involved in the fusion namely, the left inferior articular facet or articular process, may be removed and saved for future autogenous bone grafting.
- a lamina spreader or detractor may be placed between the spinous processes 35 (shown in FIG. 5 ), and may be operated to spread the adjacent vertebral bodies 31 apart.
- a nerve root retractor (not shown) may be used to protect the dura during the surgery.
- the anterior longitudinal ligament 36 and posterior longitudinal ligament 38 may be left intact and need not be retracted.
- the incision 32 ( FIG. 5 ) may be made, with a #15 scalpel, or any suitable surgical instrument, in a side section of the annulus 37 .
- the disc 33 may then be detached from the vertebral end plates (not shown) with the proper surgical instrumentation, and may be removed through the incision 32 .
- Curettes (not shown) and pituitary rongeurs (not shown) may be used to remove the disc material. Care should be taken not to violate the bony vertebral end plate, which would cause excessive bleeding and compromise the resistance to axial load when the spacer 10 is inserted.
- a trial spacer 50 may be used to determine the correct spacer size.
- the trial spacer 50 may have the same shape as the spacer 10 , both of which are part of a set having various sizes, except that the trial spacer 50 may not include the recesses 24 .
- the trial spacer 50 may be inserted into the incision 32 with a sheathed trocar device 52 .
- the main purpose of trial spacer 50 is to evaluate a snugness of fit of said trial spacer 50 as it resides between the adjacent vertebral bodies 31 , which enables the surgeon to determine a spacer size thereby.
- the trial spacer 50 may also dilate the disc space between the adjacent vertebral bodies 31 .
- the trial spacer 50 may also have sharp edging, and may be used to clear away any remaining unwanted tissue.
- a bone graft may be prepared using autogenous bone graft material 54 as shown in FIG. 8C . Care is taken to remove all soft tissue from the autogenous bone, which will facilitate successful osteointegration of the graft. Additional bone can also be harvested from the spinous processes 35 . Optimally, 6-10 cm 3 of morselized bone graft material may be used, but it will be at the discretion of the surgeon to determine how much bone grafting material will be used. The harvested autogenous bone may then be passed through a bone mill (not shown) to form suitable bone grafting material as known and understood to those having ordinary skill in the art.
- the spacer 10 may be inserted through the incision 32 with the sheathed trocar device 52 .
- the sheathed trocar device 52 includes a trocar rod 56 that may be slidably disposed within a hollow sheath 58 .
- the trocar rod 56 and the hollow sheath 58 may moveably engaged with each other in any suitable manner.
- Both the trial spacer 50 and the spacer 10 may include a female-threaded opening 50 a and 10 a formed therein, respectively, in which a male-threaded portion 57 of the trocar rod 56 may be releasably inserted.
- the trocar rod 56 may of course be releasably attached to the trial spacer 50 and spacer 10 in any other suitable manner.
- the trocar rod 56 may have a longer length than the sheath member 58 , such that a proximal portion 60 of the trocar rod 56 protrudes from the sheath member 58 when the trocar rod 56 is attached to the trial spacer 50 or the spacer 10 .
- the sheathed trocar device 52 accordingly may provide an efficiently stabilized, releasable connection with the spacer 10 .
- the sheath member 58 may provide additional support by abutting up against the spacer and contactably circumscribing the point of the attachment of the trocar rod 56 with the spacer 10 , thereby providing additional stability and control over the positioning of the spacer 10 .
- the surgeon may then selectively position the spacer 10 within the space residing between the adjacent vertebral bodies 31 , as far anteriorly as possible such that the spacer 10 may reside in contact with the anterior longitudinal ligament 36 .
- Proper placement of the spacer 10 can be checked with the use of X-rays.
- the bone grafting material 54 may be placed through the incision 32 and into position between the adjacent vertebral bodies 31 , such that said bone grafting material 54 resides posteriorly to the concave sidewall 14 of the spacer 10 , and thus between the sidewall 14 and the posterior longitudinal ligament 38 .
- a bone funnel (not shown) as known to those having ordinary skill in the field may be used to funnel morselized bone grafting material into the incision 32 .
- a bone tamp (not shown) may be used by the surgeon to tamp the bone grafting material against the spacer 10 .
- the concavo-convex shape of the spacer 10 and the method of implantation with the spacer 10 residing as far anteriorly as possible, operates to provide a larger bone-graft interface between the adjacent vertebral bodies 31 .
- the lamina spreader may be removed and the pedicle screws 42 may be interconnected with the rods 44 as known in the field. Mild compression may be applied by a compression instrument 46 to thereby slide rods 44 downwardly, after which the pedicle screws 42 may be tightened to hold the rods 44 in place and maintain the compression. Further compression may be applied as desired, with the result being illustrated schematically in FIG. 8D .
- the bone grafting material 54 may thereby be loaded in compression by the posteriorly compressed adjacent vertebral bodies 31 as shown. After final inspection of the placement of the bone grafting material 54 , routine closure of the wound may be completed. The use of drains may be made at the discretion of the surgeon.
- the spacer 10 may thus operate to cause the adjacent vertebral bodies 31 to be suspended in the manner of a cantilever.
- the posterior compression provided by the pedicle screws 42 and rods 44 which may alternatively be provided by any other suitable holding structure, causes the adjacent vertebral bodies 31 to be brought closer together on their posterior side than on their anterior side, consistent with the natural sagittal alignment in which they were originally positioned, as understood by those having ordinary skill in the field.
- the structure and apparatus of the trocar rod 56 and sheath 58 constitute a positioning means for enabling a surgeon to adjust a position of the spacer 10 when the spacer 10 resides between the adjacent intervertebral bodies 31 .
- That structure is merely one example of a means for positioning the spacer 10 , and it should be appreciated that any structure, apparatus or system for positioning which performs functions that are the same as, or equivalent to, those disclosed herein are intended to fall within the scope of a means for positioning, including those structures, apparatus or systems for positioning which are presently known, or which may become available in the future. Anything which functions the same as, or equivalently to, a means for positioning falls within the scope of this element.
- a useful method of implanting an artificial intervertebral disc includes:
- an intervertebral spacing system that does not require an additional, anterior surgical procedure. It is another feature of the present disclosure, in accordance with one aspect thereof, to provide such an intervertebral spacing system by which sagittal alignment of the spine may be restored. It is a further feature of the present disclosure, in accordance with one aspect thereof, to provide such an intervertebral spacing system that can accommodate a larger host-graft interface between adjacent vertebral bodies.
Abstract
An intervertebral spacer adapted for implanting between adjacent vertebral bodies of a human spine as a load-bearing replacement for a spinal disc. The spacing member may include an external, non-porous, concavo-convex contour with respect to one dimension of the spacing member. The spacing member may be constructed from a rigid, non-resilient load-bearing material that is incapable of elastic deformation. The spacing member may be inserted with the aid of a sheathed trocar device that is releasably attached to the spacer, to enable implantation and selective positioning of the spacer by the surgeon from the posterior side of the spine, without the need to retract the dural nerve or the posterior longitudinal ligament.
Description
- This application is a continuation-in-part of co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/205,284, filed Aug. 15, 2005, entitled “Intervertebral Spacer,” which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/081,824, filed Mar. 15, 2005, entitled “Intervertebral Spacer,” which is continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/957,328, filed Oct. 1, 2004 entitled “Intervertebral Spacer,” which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/800,418, filed Mar. 12, 2004, entitled “Intervertebral Spacer,” which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/643,779, filed Aug. 18, 2003, entitled “Intervertebral Spacer,” which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/358,103, filed Feb. 3, 2003, entitled “Intervertebral Spacer,” which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/188,281, filed Jul. 1, 2002, entitled “Intervertebral Spacer,” which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/592,072, filed Jun. 12, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,579,318, entitled “Intervertebral Spacer,” which applications are hereby incorporated by reference herein in their entireties, including but not limited to those portions that specifically appear hereinafter, the incorporation by reference being made with the following exception: In the event that any portion of the above-referenced applications is inconsistent with this application, this application supercedes said above-referenced applications.
- Not Applicable.
- 1. The Field of the Invention.
- The present disclosure relates generally to an intervertebral spacer, and more particularly, but not necessarily entirely, to a interbody spacing system for accomplishing enhanced intervertebral fusion between adjacent vertebral bodies of a human spine.
- 2. Description of Related Art.
- The human spine is a complex, sophisticated mechanical system. The vertebrate spine operates as a structural member, providing structural support for the other body parts. A normal human spine is segmented with seven cervical, twelve thoracic and five lumbar segments. The lumbar portion of the spine resides on the sacrum, which is attached to the pelvis. The pelvis is supported by the hips and leg bones. The bony vertebral bodies of the spine are separated by intervertebral discs, which reside sandwiched between the vertebral bodies and operate as joints allowing known degrees of flexion, extension, lateral bending and axial rotation.
- The intervertebral disc primarily serves as a mechanical cushion between adjacent vertebral bodies, and permits controlled motions within vertebral segments of the axial skeleton. The disc is a multi-element system, having three basic components: the nucleus pulposus (“nucleus”), the annulus fibrosus (“annulus”) and two vertebral end plates. The end plates are made of thin cartilage overlying a thin layer of hard, cortical bone that attaches to the spongy, richly vascular, cancellous bone of the vertebral body. The plates thereby operate to attach adjacent vertebrae to the disc. In other words, a transitional zone is created by the end plates between the malleable disc and the bony vertebrae.
- The annulus of the disc forms the disc perimeter, and is a tough, outer fibrous ring that binds adjacent vertebrae together. The fiber layers of the annulus include fifteen to twenty overlapping plies, which are inserted into the superior and inferior vertebral bodies at roughly a 40 degree angle in both directions. This causes bi-directional torsional resistance, as about half of the angulated fibers will tighten when the vertebrae rotate in either direction.
- It is common practice to remove a spinal disc in cases of spinal disc deterioration, disease or spinal injury. The discs sometimes become diseased or damaged such that the intervertebral separation is reduced. Such events cause the height of the disc nucleus to decrease, which in turn causes the annulus to buckle in areas where the laminated plies are loosely bonded. As the overlapping laminated plies of the annulus begin to buckle and separate, either circumferential or radial annular tears may occur. Such disruption to the natural intervertebral separation produces pain, which can be alleviated by removal of the disc and maintenance of the natural separation distance. In cases of chronic back pain resulting from a degenerated or herniated disc, removal of the disc becomes medically necessary.
- In some cases, the damaged disc may be replaced with a disc prosthesis intended to duplicate the function of the natural spinal disc. U.S. Pat. No. 4,863,477 (granted Sep. 5, 1989 to Monson) discloses a resilient spinal disc prosthesis intended to replace the resiliency of a natural human spinal disc. U.S. Pat. No. 5,192,326 (granted Mar. 9, 1993 to Bao et al.) teaches a prosthetic nucleus for replacing just the nucleus portion of a human spinal disc.
- In other cases it is desired to fuse the adjacent vertebrae together after removal of the disc, sometimes referred to as “intervertebral fusion” or “interbody fusion.”
- In cases of intervertebral fusion, it is known to position a spacer centrally within the space where the spinal disc once resided, or to position multiple spacers within that space. Such practices are characterized by certain disadvantages, including a disruption in the natural curvature of the spine. For example, the vertebrae in the lower “lumbar” region of the spine reside in an arch referred to in the medical field as having a sagittal alignment. The sagittal alignment is compromised when adjacent vertebral bodies that were once angled toward each other on their posterior side become fused in a different, less angled orientation relative to one another.
- Another disadvantage of known spacing techniques and intervertebral spacers are the additional surgical complications that arise in the use of multiple spacers in a single disc space. In such cases, surgeons will often first perform a posterior surgery to remove the affected disc and affix posterior instrumentation to the posterior side of the vertebrae to hold the posterior portions of the vertebrae in a desired position. Placement of the multiple spacers is often too difficult to accomplish from the posterior side of the patient, at least without causing with undue trauma to the patient, because a surgeon would need to retract the dura nerve as well as the anterior longitudinal ligament, thereby increasing damage, pain and morbidity to the patient. Surgeons have therefore often chosen to turn the patient over after completing the posterior surgical portion, to perform an anterior operative procedure, through the patient's belly, in order to insert multiple spacers between the vertebrae from the anterior side instead of from the posterior side.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,961,554 (granted Oct. 5, 1999 to Janson et al.) illustrates a spacer having a high degree of porosity throughout, for enhanced tissue ingrowth characteristics. This patent does not address the problem of compromising the sagittal alignment, or of increased pain and trauma to the patient by implantation of multiple spacers in a single disk space.
- The prior art is thus characterized by several disadvantages that are addressed by the present disclosure. The present disclosure minimizes, and in some aspects eliminates, the above-mentioned failures, and other problems, by utilizing the methods and structural features described herein.
- The features and advantages of the disclosure will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by the practice of the disclosure without undue experimentation. The features and advantages of the disclosure may be realized and obtained by means of the instruments and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims.
- The above and other objects, features and advantages of the disclosure will become apparent from a consideration of the subsequent detailed description presented in connection with the accompanying drawings in which:
-
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an intervertebral spacer, made in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure; -
FIG. 2 is a plan view of the intervertebral spacer ofFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 3 is a frontal view of the intervertebral spacer ofFIGS. 1 and 2 ; -
FIG. 4 is a side view of the intervertebral spacer ofFIGS. 1, 2 and 3; -
FIG. 5 is side view of a pair of adjacent vertebral bodies from the lumbar region of a human spine; -
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a sheathed trocar device releasably attached to a trial spacer shaped similarly to the intervertebral spacer ofFIG. 1 , in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure; -
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a sheathed trocar device releasably attached to the intervertebral spacer ofFIG. 1 , in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure; -
FIGS. 8A-8D illustrate a schematic progression of the placement of the intervertebral spacer ofFIG. 1 between vertebral bodies of a human spine; -
FIG. 9 illustrates posterior instrumentation by which compression is applied to the posterior sides of a pair of adjacent vertebral bodies of a human spine; -
FIG. 10 is a side view of an alternative embodiment intervertebral spacer; -
FIG. 11 is a back view of an alternative embodiment intervertebral spacer; and -
FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of the alternative embodiment intervertebral spacer ofFIG. 11 , taken along line A-A. - For the purposes of promoting an understanding of the principles in accordance with the disclosure, reference will now be made to the embodiments illustrated in the drawings and specific language will be used to describe the same. It will nevertheless be understood that no limitation of the scope of the disclosure is thereby intended. Any alterations and further modifications of the inventive features illustrated herein, and any additional applications of the principles of the disclosure as illustrated herein, which would normally occur to one skilled in the relevant art and having possession of this disclosure, are to be considered within the scope of the disclosure claimed.
- Before the apparatus and methods of the present disclosure are described further, it is to be understood that the disclosure is not limited to the particular configurations, process steps, and materials disclosed herein as such configurations, process steps, and materials may vary somewhat. It is also to be understood that the terminology employed herein is used for the purpose of describing particular embodiments of the disclosure only, and is not intended to be limiting since the scope of the present disclosure will be limited only by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
- The publications and other reference materials referred to herein to describe the background of the disclosure and to provide additional detail regarding its practice are hereby incorporated by reference. The references discussed herein are provided solely for their disclosure prior to the filing date of the present application. Nothing herein is to be construed as a suggestion or admission that the inventors are not entitled to antedate such disclosure by virtue of prior invention.
- In describing and claiming the present disclosure, the following terminology will be used in accordance with the definitions set out below.
- As used herein, “comprising,” “including,” “containing,” “characterized by,” and grammatical equivalents thereof are inclusive or open-ended terms that do not exclude additional, unrecited elements or method steps.
- Applicants have discovered that several of the disadvantages of the prior art spinal disc replacement systems can be minimized, or even eliminated, by the use of a cashew-shaped interbody spacer having a tapered external shape, placing it is far anteriorly as possible between adjacent vertebral bodies, filling in the remaining posterior space with bone graft material, and applying compression to posterior portions of the vertebral bodies to load the bone graft in compression and restore sagittal alignment.
- Referring now to
FIGS. 1-4 , there is shown a spacing member, referred to also herein as an intervertebral spacer or an interbody spacer, designated generally at 10. - Briefly stated, the
spacer 10 may be utilized, along with autogenous bone grafting material, to replace a diseased or damaged spinal disc. Referring now toFIGS. 5-7 , the procedure may be implemented by making anincision 32 in theannulus 34 connecting adjacentvertebral bodies 31. The spinal disc (not shown) may be surgically removed from theincision 32, after which thespacer 10 is placed through theincision 32 into position between thevertebral bodies 31. The spacer may be placed with its convex,anterior sidewall 12 facing anteriorly, and with its concave,posterior sidewall 14 facing posteriorly. Bone grafting material may be placed through theincision 32 to reside behind thespacer 10, after which posterior instrumentation may be attached topedicle areas 34 to force thevertebral bodies 31 together in compression, as illustrated schematically inFIG. 8D and more particularly inFIG. 9 . - The unique aspects and procedures relating to the
spacer 10 will now be explained in more detail. Some of the key features of the disclosure comprise the size, shape and placement ofspacer 10. Thespacer 10 may be made of titanium, thus having a non-porous quality with a smooth finish. Thespacer 10 could also be made of ceramic, stainless steel or other metallic materials, nitinol, nylon, polyethylene, polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyurethane, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or any suitable polymer, carbon, hydroxyapatile or any other suitable material that is inert or biologically compatible, such as bone including, but not limited to, allogenic or xenogenic bone implants. The term “non-porous” as used herein shall be construed broadly in accordance with the common, ordinary meaning of that term to refer to objects possessing an impediment to flow that would operate in the presence of fluid to impede or even block fluid flow through the object. In accordance with such common, ordinary meaning, such objects are either impermeable by liquid, or possess a limited degree of permeability that prevents liquid from passing through the object in a manner that would be considered flow. Examples of objects that are non-porous and impermeable include a solid titanium or solid ceramic intervertebral spacer, or a spacer made from impermeable bone material, or a spacer that is coated or treated in some way to render it impermeable. Examples of objects that are non-porous and possess a limited degree of permeability, and which therefore do not permit fluid to pass through them in a flowable manner, include biologically compatible spacers made from bone, such as milled-bone allograft spacers or particle-bone allograft spacers that are freeze-dried and thereafter re-hydrated prior to insertion, or any other type of non-porous spacer made from bone. Under the definition above, the presence or absence of surface porosity on an object, such as an intervertebral spacer, is irrelevant to whether the object is porous or non-porous. Thespacer 10 may be thus constructed from a rigid, non-resilient load-bearing material, one that may be incapable of elastic deformation. Thespacer 10, by its anterior,convex sidewall 12 and its posterior,concave sidewall 14, has thereby a concavo-convex contour with respect to one dimension. - The phrase “solid body” as used herein shall refer to the concept of the
spacer 10 having no through holes, nor any internal encapsulated voids other than naturally occurring voids existing in the material used to construct thespacer 10. The phrase “through hole” as used herein shall refer to a hole formed in and extending through a body and having an entrance and an opposing exit, in a manner such that any line, including but not limited to straight, curved, or tortuous lines, may extend continuously from said entrance through some portion of the hole along any path to reach the exit. - It is to be understood that the concept of an object having a concavo-convex contour with respect to one dimension of the object, as referred to herein, shall not require the concave and convex sides of the object to be parallel to one another, although such may be preferred. The concept does however refer to a dimension in which the concave and convex sides of the object are at least partially facing the direction of that dimension, as indicated by the
dimension 16 ofFIG. 1 in relation to thespacer 10. It is also to be understood that the concept of an object being concavo-convex in a single dimension shall thereby include an object that has concave andconvex sides horizontal dimension 16, even though those very same sides are linear in avertical dimension 20 at all points, such as in the case of thespacer 10 shown inFIG. 1 . For example, thespacer 10 is concavo-convex in the anterior-posterior direction 16, though not in a medial-lateral direction 18 orvertical direction 20. - The
upper surface 22 of thespacer 10 may be a planar, discontinuous surface as shown, having a plurality of spaced-apartelongate recesses 24, with acorner point 28 whereby oneside 26 or portion of thespacer 10 begins tapering in the medial-lateral direction 18, as shown most clearly inFIG. 3 . The taperedside 26 may facilitate insertion of thespacer 10 and may be sized to extend along a portion of a length L such that the taperedside 26 covers less than approximately 25% of the length L. By tapering less than 25% of the length L of thespacer 10 in a medial-lateral direction, theupper surface 22 andlower surface 30 may support the spinal disc without causing a lateral curvature or scoliosis. The taperedside 26 may begin at a male corner line 28 a, which starts at thecorner point 28. It will be appreciated that the orientation of the male corner line 28 a may vary such that the taperedside 26 may have various different configurations within the scope of the present disclosure. It will also be understood that in an alternative implementation of the present disclosure, the taperedside 26 may be formed as a curved surface without the presence of thecorner point 28. Accordingly, the taperedside 26 may be configured to gradually blend into theupper surface 22 or thelower surface 30 without a male corner line 28 a. - Accordingly, the spacing member or
spacer 10 may be configured such that theupper surface 22 and thelower surface 30 may terminate in a free insertion end at R4 inFIG. 2 . At least one of theupper surface 22 and thelower surface 30 may include the male corner line 28 a. Thespacer 10 may include a tapered portion orside 26 between the male corner line 28 a and the free insertion end such that thespacer 10 becomes progressively thinner from the male corner line 28 a toward the free insertion end. The taperedportion 26 may be characterized by at least one smooth surface that is a part of either theupper surface 22 or thelower surface 30 and extends from the male corner line 28 a to the free insertion end, the smooth surface having an absence of corners, points or other abrupt edges. - Further taper of the
spacer 10 may occur in the anterior-to-posterior direction 16, in that thespacer 10 may narrow in thickness in a continuous manner along substantially the entire width of thespacer 10 as shown most clearly inFIG. 4 . Theupper surface 22 andlower surface 30 may form an acute angle relative to ahorizontal plane 23, the angle may be within a range of approximately two to eight degrees, such as four degrees, for example. The entire taper may therefore be an eight degree total taper, with four degrees of taper resulting from theupper surface 22 and the other four degrees of taper resulting from thelower surface 30. - As shown most clearly in
FIG. 2 , thespacer 10 may have an arc-length AL that may be 1.218 inches, a width W that may be 0.320 inches, a depth D that may be 0.532 inches, an inner radius R2 that may be 0.271 inches, an outer radius R1 that may be 0.591 inches, and side radii R3 and R4 that each may be 0.160 inches. - The anterior,
convex sidewall 12 and the posterior,concave sidewall 14 of thespacer 10 each may be linear in thevertical dimension 20, and may be parallel relative to one another. Moreover, in one implementation of the present disclosure, theconvex sidewall 12 andconcave sidewall 14 may form part of a perimeter of thespacer 10, such that the perimeter may have a smooth contour characterized by an absence of corners or abrupt edges as shown in the plan view ofFIG. 2 . It will be understood that thespacer 10 may include attachment means for releasably attaching positioning means to thespacer 10, such as theopening 10a or other such recesses, and still maintain the smooth contour to facilitate insertion of thespacer 10. - The
spacer 10 may be also constructed from bone, such as allogenic bone or allograft material. Theallogenic spacer 10 may be machined from human bone, but could also comprise xenogenic bone or xenograft material as known to those skilled in the art. Thespacer 10 could also comprise reconstituted pulverized bone in a manner known to those skilled in the art. - In other embodiments of the
spacer 10, such as those involving allogenic bone, thespacer 10 may have substantially the same shape and size as thespacer 10 described in the previous embodiment. However, the upper and lower surfaces, 22 and 30 respectively, of thespacer 10 may also be either planar or curved. The upper andlower surfaces spacer 10 may have multiple rows of teeth (not shown) projecting from the upper and lower surfaces, 22 and 30 respectively. - In addition, as shown most clearly in
FIG. 10 , analternative embodiment spacer 11 may have anupper surface 22 a and alower surface 30 a that may be oriented at substantial right angles to thesidewalls surfaces upper surface 22 a and thelower surface 30 a may be substantially parallel to ahorizontal plane 23 a. It will be understood that other implementations of the present disclosure may include a spacer with sidewalls that are not oriented at right angles with theupper surface 22 a and thelower surface 30 a, but in which theupper surface 22 a may still be substantially parallel to thelower surface 30 a. Moreover, theupper surface 22 a and thelower surface 30 a may be somewhat dome shaped. - In one implementation of the present disclosure, the
alternative embodiment spacer 11 may be formed with recesses 24 a havingsidewalls 27 andbottom portions 29. As best shown inFIG. 11 , opposingsidewalls 27 in the recesses 24 a may be configured to form a non-parallel angle α with respect to each other. The angle α may be formed at various different angles, such as angles within a range of between approximately 45 to 75 degrees, for example. One implementation of the present disclosure includessidewalls 27 at an angle α of approximately 60 degrees, for example. This configuration may allow thespacer 10 to have added strength at the recesses 24 a, since thesidewalls 27 between recesses 24 a may be thicker at the bottom. It will be understood however, that thesidewalls 27 may be formed at various different angles a and shapes within the scope of the present disclosure. The sidewalls may be substantially vertical, and thebottom portions 29 may be substantially horizontal. In other implementations, it will be understood that thesidewalls 27 of therecesses 24 may be formed at a slope and thebottom portions 29 may be configured to be flat, or thesidewalls 27 andbottom portions 29 may both be curved. Thespacer 10 may have flat or pointed surfaces at the top of therecesses 24. - Also, the
alternative embodiment spacer 11 may have side recesses 25.FIG. 12 shows a cross-sectional view of thealternative embodiment spacer 11, taken along the line A-A inFIG. 11 , which shows the side recesses 25 extending within thespacer 11. The side recesses 25 may be configured for receiving positioning means for enabling a surgeon to adjust a position of thespacer 11 when thespacer 11 resides between the adjacentintervertebral bodies 31. The positioning means may be formed as a rod member and may be received in therecesses 25 on both sides of thespacer 11 to facilitate manipulation of thespacer 11. - Some of the primary goals in intervertebral fusion are immobilization of the affected vertebrae, interbody arthrodesis, restoration of the spinal disc space, and sagittal alignment, and to provide an environment for bony fusion between vertebral bodies. Applicants have discovered that these goals may be most effectively accomplished by the mechanical principle of a cantilever. Using the
spacer 10 as a compression point, a cantilever may be constructed within the disc space as shown most clearly inFIG. 8D . The procedure for accomplishing this is as follows. -
FIG. 8A is a schematic side, internal view of thevertebral bodies 31 indicated inFIG. 5 . The spinal disc 33 resides between thevertebral bodies 31, all of which reside between the anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL) 36 and the posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL) 38. The dural nerve (Dura) 40 resides posteriorly to thevertebral bodies 31 and thePLL 38. - Referring now to
FIG. 8B andFIG. 9 , posterior access to the spine of the patient (not shown) may be accomplished. A right handed surgeon may be positioned on the patient's left side to perform the procedure. Posterior instrumentation, such as pedicle screws 42 (FIG. 9 ), may be affixed toposterior pedicle portions 34 of thevertebral bodies 31. The associatedrods 44 and structure interconnecting therods 44 with the pedicle screws 42 are not affixed until later on in the procedure. A posterior portion of the lower vertebral body involved in the fusion, namely, the left inferior articular facet or articular process, may be removed and saved for future autogenous bone grafting. A lamina spreader or detractor (not shown, but indicated inFIGS. 8B and 8C ), may be placed between the spinous processes 35 (shown inFIG. 5 ), and may be operated to spread the adjacentvertebral bodies 31 apart. A nerve root retractor (not shown) may be used to protect the dura during the surgery. The anteriorlongitudinal ligament 36 and posteriorlongitudinal ligament 38 may be left intact and need not be retracted. - After coagulation of the veins (not shown), the incision 32 (
FIG. 5 ) may be made, with a #15 scalpel, or any suitable surgical instrument, in a side section of theannulus 37. The disc 33 may then be detached from the vertebral end plates (not shown) with the proper surgical instrumentation, and may be removed through theincision 32. Curettes (not shown) and pituitary rongeurs (not shown) may be used to remove the disc material. Care should be taken not to violate the bony vertebral end plate, which would cause excessive bleeding and compromise the resistance to axial load when thespacer 10 is inserted. - When as much disc material has been removed as can safely be accomplished, a
trial spacer 50 may be used to determine the correct spacer size. Thetrial spacer 50 may have the same shape as thespacer 10, both of which are part of a set having various sizes, except that thetrial spacer 50 may not include therecesses 24. Thetrial spacer 50 may be inserted into theincision 32 with a sheathedtrocar device 52. The main purpose oftrial spacer 50 is to evaluate a snugness of fit of saidtrial spacer 50 as it resides between the adjacentvertebral bodies 31, which enables the surgeon to determine a spacer size thereby. Thetrial spacer 50 may also dilate the disc space between the adjacentvertebral bodies 31. Thetrial spacer 50 may also have sharp edging, and may be used to clear away any remaining unwanted tissue. - When the spacer size has been determined, a bone graft may be prepared using autogenous
bone graft material 54 as shown inFIG. 8C . Care is taken to remove all soft tissue from the autogenous bone, which will facilitate successful osteointegration of the graft. Additional bone can also be harvested from the spinous processes 35. Optimally, 6-10 cm3 of morselized bone graft material may be used, but it will be at the discretion of the surgeon to determine how much bone grafting material will be used. The harvested autogenous bone may then be passed through a bone mill (not shown) to form suitable bone grafting material as known and understood to those having ordinary skill in the art. - The
spacer 10 may be inserted through theincision 32 with the sheathedtrocar device 52. The sheathedtrocar device 52 includes atrocar rod 56 that may be slidably disposed within ahollow sheath 58. Thetrocar rod 56 and thehollow sheath 58 may moveably engaged with each other in any suitable manner. - Both the
trial spacer 50 and thespacer 10 may include a female-threadedopening trocar rod 56 may be releasably inserted. Thetrocar rod 56 may of course be releasably attached to thetrial spacer 50 andspacer 10 in any other suitable manner. Thetrocar rod 56 may have a longer length than thesheath member 58, such that aproximal portion 60 of thetrocar rod 56 protrudes from thesheath member 58 when thetrocar rod 56 is attached to thetrial spacer 50 or thespacer 10. - The sheathed
trocar device 52 accordingly may provide an efficiently stabilized, releasable connection with thespacer 10. With thetrocar rod 56 being attached directly to thespacer 10, thesheath member 58 may provide additional support by abutting up against the spacer and contactably circumscribing the point of the attachment of thetrocar rod 56 with thespacer 10, thereby providing additional stability and control over the positioning of thespacer 10. - The surgeon may then selectively position the
spacer 10 within the space residing between the adjacentvertebral bodies 31, as far anteriorly as possible such that thespacer 10 may reside in contact with the anteriorlongitudinal ligament 36. Proper placement of thespacer 10 can be checked with the use of X-rays. - With the
spacer 10 in place, thebone grafting material 54 may be placed through theincision 32 and into position between the adjacentvertebral bodies 31, such that saidbone grafting material 54 resides posteriorly to theconcave sidewall 14 of thespacer 10, and thus between thesidewall 14 and the posteriorlongitudinal ligament 38. A bone funnel (not shown) as known to those having ordinary skill in the field may be used to funnel morselized bone grafting material into theincision 32. A bone tamp (not shown) may be used by the surgeon to tamp the bone grafting material against thespacer 10. - It is noted that the concavo-convex shape of the
spacer 10, and the method of implantation with thespacer 10 residing as far anteriorly as possible, operates to provide a larger bone-graft interface between the adjacentvertebral bodies 31. - Referring now to
FIG. 8D andFIG. 9 , the lamina spreader may be removed and the pedicle screws 42 may be interconnected with therods 44 as known in the field. Mild compression may be applied by acompression instrument 46 to thereby sliderods 44 downwardly, after which the pedicle screws 42 may be tightened to hold therods 44 in place and maintain the compression. Further compression may be applied as desired, with the result being illustrated schematically inFIG. 8D . Thebone grafting material 54 may thereby be loaded in compression by the posteriorly compressed adjacentvertebral bodies 31 as shown. After final inspection of the placement of thebone grafting material 54, routine closure of the wound may be completed. The use of drains may be made at the discretion of the surgeon. - The
spacer 10 may thus operate to cause the adjacentvertebral bodies 31 to be suspended in the manner of a cantilever. The posterior compression provided by the pedicle screws 42 androds 44, which may alternatively be provided by any other suitable holding structure, causes the adjacentvertebral bodies 31 to be brought closer together on their posterior side than on their anterior side, consistent with the natural sagittal alignment in which they were originally positioned, as understood by those having ordinary skill in the field. - It will be appreciated that the structure and apparatus of the
trocar rod 56 andsheath 58 constitute a positioning means for enabling a surgeon to adjust a position of thespacer 10 when thespacer 10 resides between the adjacentintervertebral bodies 31. That structure is merely one example of a means for positioning thespacer 10, and it should be appreciated that any structure, apparatus or system for positioning which performs functions that are the same as, or equivalent to, those disclosed herein are intended to fall within the scope of a means for positioning, including those structures, apparatus or systems for positioning which are presently known, or which may become available in the future. Anything which functions the same as, or equivalently to, a means for positioning falls within the scope of this element. - In accordance with the features and combinations described above, a useful method of implanting an artificial intervertebral disc includes:
- (a) making an incision in an annulus of a human spinal column between adjacent vertebral bodies of said spinal column to thereby expose a space residing between said adjacent vertebral bodies;
- (b) removing the disc material from between said adjacent vertebral bodies, being careful not to injure the disc plates;
- (c) inserting a spacing member and autogenous bone grafting material through the incision and into position between the adjacent vertebral bodies, and positioning said spacing member at an anterior location with respect to the spinal column such that more intervertebral space resides posteriorly to said spacing member than anteriorly thereto; and
- (d) applying compression to posterior portions of the adjacent vertebral bodies.
- Those having ordinary skill in the relevant art will appreciate the advantages provided by the features of the present disclosure. For example, it is a feature of the present disclosure to provide an intervertebral spacing system that does not require an additional, anterior surgical procedure. It is another feature of the present disclosure, in accordance with one aspect thereof, to provide such an intervertebral spacing system by which sagittal alignment of the spine may be restored. It is a further feature of the present disclosure, in accordance with one aspect thereof, to provide such an intervertebral spacing system that can accommodate a larger host-graft interface between adjacent vertebral bodies. It is an additional feature of the present disclosure, in accordance with one aspect thereof, to provide such an intervertebral spacing system in which bone grafting material may be loaded in compression between adjacent vertebral bodies of the spine. It is yet another feature of the present disclosure, in accordance with one aspect thereof, to provide such an intervertebral spacing system that does not require retraction of the dural nerve, or of the anterior or posterior longitudinal ligaments, for implantation of the spacer.
- It is to be understood that the above-described arrangements are only illustrative of the application of the principles of the present disclosure. Numerous modifications and alternative arrangements may be devised by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure and the appended claims are intended to cover such modifications and arrangements. Thus, while the present disclosure has been shown in the drawings and described above with particularity and detail, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that numerous modifications, including, but not limited to, variations in size, materials, shape, form, function and manner of operation, assembly and use may be made without departing from the principles and concepts set forth herein.
Claims (82)
1. An intervertebral spacing implant comprising:
a spacing member adapted for implanting between adjacent vertebral bodies of a human spine as a load-bearing replacement for a spinal disc, said spacing member further comprising an external, concavo-convex contour with respect to one dimension of said spacing member;
wherein the spacing member comprises a solid body;
wherein the spacing member comprises an upper surface and a lower surface and a free insertion end, and wherein at least one of said upper surface and said lower surface comprises a male corner line, and wherein said spacing member includes a tapered portion between said male corner line and said free insertion end of said spacing member such that said spacing member becomes progressively thinner from said male corner line toward said free insertion end of said spacing member, wherein said tapered portion is characterized by at least one smooth surface that is a part of either said upper surface or said lower surface and extends from said male corner line to said free insertion end, said smooth surface having an absence of corners, points or other abrupt edges; and
wherein said spacing member comprises a sidewall around a perimeter of said spacing member, said sidewall having a smooth contour characterized by an absence of corners extending from said upper surface to said lower surface.
2. The intervertebral spacing implant of claim 1 , wherein the spacing member is either inherently non-porous or is otherwise rendered non-porous.
3. The intervertebral spacing implant of claim 1 , wherein the spacing member is constructed from a rigid, non-resilient load-bearing material.
4. The intervertebral spacing implant of claim 1 , wherein the spacing member defines an imaginary arcuate centerline residing between opposing sides of the external concavo-convex contour of said spacing member, said arcuate centerline forming less than half a circle.
5. The intervertebral spacing implant of claim 1 , wherein said spacing member has a cashew shape having a uniform width along a majority length of the spacing member.
6. The intervertebral spacing implant of claim 1 , wherein the spacing member comprises a bone material.
7. The intervertebral spacing implant of claim 1 , wherein the spacing member comprises metal.
8. The intervertebral spacing implant of claim 1 , wherein the spacing member comprises titanium.
9. The intervertebral spacing implant of claim 1 , wherein the spacing member comprises ceramic.
10. The intervertebral spacing implant of claim 1 , wherein the spacing member includes an anterior wall and a posterior wall, and wherein the external concavo-convex contour of the spacer is defined by the posterior wall being concave in a horizontal dimension and by the anterior wall being convex in a horizontal dimension.
11. The intervertebral spacing implant of claim 10 , wherein the anterior wall and the posterior wall of the spacing member are each linear in a vertical dimension.
12. The intervertebral spacing implant of claim 1 , wherein the concavo-convex contour comprises a concave posterior side, and a convex anterior side disposed in a substantially parallel orientation with respect to the concave posterior side.
13. The intervertebral spacing implant of claim 1 , wherein the spacing member further comprises a disc-like member having a thickness at a thickest part of the spacing member, and a length that is greater in length than said thickness at said thickest part, and a width that is greater in width than said thickness at said thickest part.
14. The intervertebral spacing implant of claim 13 , wherein the width of the spacing member is defined by a perimeter wall that constitutes the concave side and the convex side of the external concavo-convex contour of said spacing member.
15. The intervertebral spacing implant of claim 1 , wherein the spacing member further comprises a plurality of spaced-apart recesses formed in said upper surface.
16. The intervertebral spacing implant of claim 15 , wherein the recesses are elongate and are disposed in a substantially parallel orientation with respect to each other.
17. The intervertebral spacing implant of claim 16 , wherein the recesses extend in an anterior-to-posterior direction.
18. The intervertebral spacing implant of claim 15 , wherein the spaced-apart recesses comprise opposing sidewalls disposed at a non-parallel angle with respect to each other.
19. The intervertebral spacing implant of claim 18 , wherein said angle is within a range of between approximately 45 degrees and 75 degrees.
20. The intervertebral spacing implant of claim 19 , wherein said angle is approximately 60 degrees.
21. The intervertebral spacing implant of claim 1 , wherein said spacing member further comprises attachment means for releasably attaching positioning means to said spacing member.
22. The intervertebral spacing implant of claim 21 , wherein said attachment means are positioned on an end of said spacing member opposite said free insertion end.
23. The intervertebral spacing implant of claim 21 , wherein said attachment means for releasably attaching positioning means to said spacing member comprises a recess in said spacing member.
24. The intervertebral spacing implant of claim 23 , wherein said attachment means for releasably attaching positioning means to said spacing member comprises a threaded bore.
25. An intervertebral spacing implant comprising:
a spacing member adapted for implanting between adjacent vertebral bodies of a human spine as a load-bearing replacement for a spinal disc, said spacing member further comprising an external, concavo-convex contour with respect to one dimension of said spacing member;
wherein the spacing member defines an imaginary arcuate centerline residing between opposing sides of the external concavo-convex contour of said spacing member;
wherein the spacing member comprises a first end, a second end, and a length between said first end and said second end;
wherein said spacing member includes a tapered portion at said second end such that said spacing member becomes progressively thinner toward said second end of said spacing member;
wherein said tapered portion extends along only a portion of said length; and
wherein said spacing member comprises a sidewall around a perimeter of said spacing member, said sidewall having a smooth contour characterized by an absence of corners extending from said upper surface to said lower surface.
26. The intervertebral spacing implant of claim 25 , wherein the spacing member is solid and is either inherently non-porous or is otherwise rendered non-porous.
27. The intervertebral spacing implant of claim 25 , wherein the spacing member is constructed from a rigid, non-resilient load-bearing material.
28. The intervertebral spacing implant of claim 25 , wherein said arcuate centerline forms less than half a circle.
29. The intervertebral spacing implant of claim 25 , wherein said spacing member has a cashew shape having a uniform width along a majority length of the spacing member.
30. The intervertebral spacing implant of claim 25 , wherein the spacing member comprises a bone material.
31. The intervertebral spacing implant of claim 25 , wherein the spacing member includes an anterior wall and a posterior wall, and wherein the external concavo-convex contour of the spacer is defined by the posterior wall being concave in a horizontal dimension and by the anterior wall being convex in a horizontal dimension.
32. The intervertebral spacing implant of claim 31 , wherein the anterior wall and the posterior wall of the spacing member are each linear in a vertical dimension.
33. The intervertebral spacing implant of claim 25 , wherein the concavo-convex contour comprises a concave posterior side, and a convex anterior side disposed in a substantially parallel orientation with respect to the concave posterior side.
34. The intervertebral spacing implant of claim 25 , wherein the spacing member further comprises a disc-like member having a thickness at a thickest part of the spacing member, and a length that is greater in length than said thickness at said thickest part, and a width that is greater in width than said thickness at said thickest part.
35. The intervertebral spacing implant of claim 34 , wherein the width of the spacing member is defined by a perimeter wall that constitutes the concave side and the convex side of the external concavo-convex contour of said spacing member.
36. The intervertebral spacing implant of claim 25 , wherein the spacing member further comprises a plurality of spaced-apart recesses formed in said upper surface.
37. The intervertebral spacing implant of claim 36 , wherein the recesses are elongate and are disposed in a substantially parallel orientation with respect to each other.
38. The intervertebral spacing implant of claim 37 , wherein the recesses extend in an anterior-to-posterior direction.
39. The intervertebral spacing implant of claim 36 , wherein the spaced-apart recesses comprise opposing sidewalls disposed at a non-parallel angle with respect to each other.
40. The intervertebral spacing implant of claim 39 , wherein said angle is within a range of between approximately 45 degrees and 75 degrees.
41. The intervertebral spacing implant of claim 40 , wherein said angle is approximately 60 degrees.
42. The intervertebral spacing implant of claim 25 , wherein said spacing member further comprises attachment means for releasably attaching positioning means to said spacing member.
43. The intervertebral spacing implant of claim 42 , wherein said attachment means are positioned on an end of said spacing member opposite said free insertion end.
44. The intervertebral spacing implant of claim 42 ,. wherein said attachment means for releasably attaching positioning means to said spacing member comprises a recess in said spacing member.
45. The intervertebral spacing implant of claim 42 , wherein said attachment means for releasably attaching positioning means to said spacing member comprises a threaded bore.
46. An intervertebral spacing implant comprising:
a spacing member adapted for implanting between adjacent vertebral bodies of a human spine as a load-bearing replacement for a spinal disc, said spacing member further comprising an external, concavo-convex contour with respect to one dimension of said spacing member;
wherein the spacing member defines an imaginary arcuate centerline residing between opposing sides of the external concavo-convex contour of said spacing member, said arcuate centerline forming less than half a circle, said spacing member further comprising an upper surface, a lower surface, and a sidewall extending around a perimeter of said spacing member between said upper surface and said lower surface, and wherein said sidewall has a smooth contour characterized by an absence of corners extending from said upper surface to said lower surface;
wherein the spacing member comprises a bone material.
47. The intervertebral spacing implant of claim 46 , wherein the spacing member is solid and is either inherently non-porous or is otherwise rendered non-porous.
48. The intervertebral spacing implant of claim 46 , wherein the spacing member is constructed from a rigid, non-resilient load-bearing material.
49. The intervertebral spacing implant of claim 46 , wherein the spacing member comprises a first end, a second end, and a length between said first end and said second end;
wherein said spacing member includes a tapered portion at said second end such that said spacing member becomes progressively thinner toward said second end of said spacing member;
wherein said tapered portion extends along a portion of said length such that said tapered portion covers less than approximately 25% of said length.
50. The intervertebral spacing implant of claim 46 , wherein said spacing member has a cashew shape having a uniform width along a majority length of the spacing member.
51. The intervertebral spacing implant of claim 46 , wherein the spacing member includes an anterior wall and a posterior wall, and wherein the external concavo-convex contour of the spacer is defined by the posterior wall being concave in a horizontal dimension and by the anterior wall being convex in a horizontal dimension.
52. The intervertebral spacing implant of claim 51 , wherein the anterior wall and the posterior wall of the spacing member are each linear in a vertical dimension.
53. The intervertebral spacing implant of claim 46 , wherein the concavo-convex contour comprises a concave posterior side, and a convex anterior side disposed in a substantially parallel orientation with respect to the concave posterior side.
54. The intervertebral spacing implant of claim 46 , wherein the spacing member further comprises a disc-like member having a thickness at a thickest part of the spacing member, and a length that is greater in length than said thickness at said thickest part, and a width that is greater in width than said thickness at said thickest part.
55. The intervertebral spacing implant of claim 54 , wherein the width of the spacing member is defined by a perimeter wall that constitutes the concave side and the convex side of the external concavo-convex contour of said spacing member.
56. The intervertebral spacing implant of claim 46 , wherein the spacing member further comprises a plurality of spaced-apart recesses formed in said upper surface.
57. The intervertebral spacing implant of claim 36 , wherein the recesses are elongate and are disposed in a substantially parallel orientation with respect to each other.
58. The intervertebral spacing implant of claim 57 , wherein the recesses extend in an anterior-to-posterior direction.
59. The intervertebral spacing implant of claim 56 , wherein the spaced-apart recesses comprise opposing sidewalls disposed at a non-parallel angle with respect to each other.
60. The intervertebral spacing implant of claim 59 , wherein said angle is within a range of between approximately 45 degrees and 75 degrees.
61. The intervertebral spacing implant of claim 60 , wherein said angle is approximately 60 degrees.
62. The intervertebral spacing implant of claim 46 , wherein said spacing member further comprises attachment means for releasably attaching positioning means to said spacing member.
63. The intervertebral spacing implant of claim 62 , wherein said attachment means are positioned on an end of said spacing member opposite a free insertion end.
64. The intervertebral spacing implant of claim 62 , wherein said attachment means for releasably attaching positioning means to said spacing member comprises a recess in said spacing member.
65. The intervertebral spacing implant of claim 62 , wherein said attachment means for releasably attaching positioning means to said spacing member comprises a threaded bore.
66. A method of implanting an artificial intervertebral disc comprising:
(a) making an incision in an annulus of a human spinal column between adjacent vertebral bodies of said spinal column to thereby expose a space residing between said adjacent vertebral bodies;
(b) inserting a trial spacer through the incision and into position between the adjacent vertebral bodies, and evaluating a snugness of fit of said spacer as it resides between said adjacent vertebral bodies and determining a spacer size thereby; and
(c) inserting a spacing member, with a tapered end of said spacing member first, through the incision and into position between the adjacent vertebral bodies, and positioning said spacing member at an anterior location with respect to the spinal column such that more intervertebral space resides posteriorly to said spacing member than anteriorly thereto.
67. The method of claim 66 , wherein part (b) further comprises dislodging any unwanted soft tissue from between the vertebral bodies with the trial spacer.
68. The method of claim 66 , further comprising inserting said trial spacer through the incision in an arcuate path.
69. The method of claim 66 , further comprising applying compression to posterior portions of the adjacent vertebral bodies.
70. A method of implanting an artificial intervertebral disc comprising:
(a) making an incision in an annulus of a human spinal column between adjacent vertebral bodies of said spinal column to thereby expose a space residing between said adjacent vertebral bodies;
(b) selecting a spacing member comprising an external concavo-convex contour with respect to one dimension of said spacing member, wherein said spacing member comprises a solid body, wherein said spacing member comprises an upper surface, a lower surface and a free insertion end, and wherein said spacing member includes a tapered portion such that said spacing member becomes progressively thinner toward said free insertion end of said spacing member; and
(c) inserting said spacing member, with said tapered portion of said spacing member first, through the incision and into position between the adjacent vertebral bodies, and positioning said spacing member at an anterior location with respect to the spinal column such that more intervertebral space resides posteriorly to said spacing member than anteriorly thereto.
71. The method of claim 70 , further comprising applying compression to posterior portions of the adjacent vertebral bodies.
72. The method of claim 70 , further comprising removing a natural human disc from the space.
73. The method of claim 70 , further comprising attaching an insertion instrument to said spacing member.
74. The method of claim 73 , wherein attaching an insertion instrument to said spacing member comprises threading a trocar on said spacing member.
75. The method of claim 71 , further comprising compressing the posterior portions of the adjacent vertebral bodies toward each other to a degree sufficient to move said adjacent vertebral bodies into a sagittal alignment.
76. The method of claim 75 , further comprising attaching a holding means to the adjacent vertebral bodies for holding said adjacent vertebral bodies in the sagittal alignment to thereby inhibit said vertebral bodies from moving out of sagittal alignment.
77. The method of claim 76 , wherein attaching holding means further comprises affixing pedicle screws to posterior pedicle portions of the vertebral bodies, and interconnecting rods with the pedicle screws.
78. The method of claim 70 , further comprising removing a posterior portion of one of the vertebral bodies for autogenous bone grafting.
79. The method of claim 70 , further comprising placing a lamina spreader between spinous processes to spread adjacent vertebral bodies apart.
80. The method of claim 70 , further comprising preparing a bone graft from autogenous bone graft material.
81. The method of claim 80 , further comprising harvesting autogenous bone and passing said autogenous bone through a mill to form said autogenous bone graft material.
82. The method of claim 70 , further comprising bringing the adjacent vertebral bodies closer together on a posterior side than on an anterior side.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/327,298 US20060212119A1 (en) | 2000-06-12 | 2006-01-06 | Intervertebral spacer |
Applications Claiming Priority (9)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/592,072 US6579318B2 (en) | 2000-06-12 | 2000-06-12 | Intervertebral spacer |
US18828102A | 2002-07-01 | 2002-07-01 | |
US35810303A | 2003-02-03 | 2003-02-03 | |
US64377903A | 2003-08-18 | 2003-08-18 | |
US80041804A | 2004-03-12 | 2004-03-12 | |
US95732804A | 2004-10-01 | 2004-10-01 | |
US8182405A | 2005-03-15 | 2005-03-15 | |
US20528405A | 2005-08-15 | 2005-08-15 | |
US11/327,298 US20060212119A1 (en) | 2000-06-12 | 2006-01-06 | Intervertebral spacer |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US20528405A Continuation-In-Part | 2000-06-12 | 2005-08-15 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20060212119A1 true US20060212119A1 (en) | 2006-09-21 |
Family
ID=24369156
Family Applications (6)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/592,072 Expired - Fee Related US6579318B2 (en) | 2000-06-12 | 2000-06-12 | Intervertebral spacer |
US10/055,783 Expired - Fee Related US6852127B2 (en) | 2000-06-12 | 2002-01-22 | Method of implanting an intervertebral spacer |
US10/055,673 Abandoned US20020065560A1 (en) | 2000-06-12 | 2002-01-22 | Intervertebral spacing implant system |
US10/814,352 Abandoned US20040186574A1 (en) | 2000-06-12 | 2004-03-31 | Intervertebral spacing implant system |
US10/814,389 Abandoned US20040186575A1 (en) | 2000-06-12 | 2004-03-31 | Method of implanting an intervertebral spacer |
US11/327,298 Abandoned US20060212119A1 (en) | 2000-06-12 | 2006-01-06 | Intervertebral spacer |
Family Applications Before (5)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/592,072 Expired - Fee Related US6579318B2 (en) | 2000-06-12 | 2000-06-12 | Intervertebral spacer |
US10/055,783 Expired - Fee Related US6852127B2 (en) | 2000-06-12 | 2002-01-22 | Method of implanting an intervertebral spacer |
US10/055,673 Abandoned US20020065560A1 (en) | 2000-06-12 | 2002-01-22 | Intervertebral spacing implant system |
US10/814,352 Abandoned US20040186574A1 (en) | 2000-06-12 | 2004-03-31 | Intervertebral spacing implant system |
US10/814,389 Abandoned US20040186575A1 (en) | 2000-06-12 | 2004-03-31 | Method of implanting an intervertebral spacer |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (6) | US6579318B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1294321A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2001275467A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001095838A1 (en) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20090265008A1 (en) * | 2008-03-31 | 2009-10-22 | Stryker Spine | Spinal implant apparatus and methods |
US20100087821A1 (en) * | 2007-03-22 | 2010-04-08 | Novalign Orthopaedics, Inc. | Fracture fixation device with support rods and sheath |
US8172902B2 (en) | 2008-07-17 | 2012-05-08 | Spinemedica, Llc | Spinal interbody spacers |
US8425529B2 (en) | 2010-09-30 | 2013-04-23 | Stryker Spine | Instrument for inserting surgical implant with guiding rail |
US8603175B2 (en) | 2010-09-30 | 2013-12-10 | Stryker Spine | Method of inserting surgical implant with guiding rail |
US8828082B2 (en) | 2009-07-09 | 2014-09-09 | R Tree Innovations, Llc | Inter-body implant |
US8858637B2 (en) | 2010-09-30 | 2014-10-14 | Stryker Spine | Surgical implant with guiding rail |
US10624760B2 (en) | 2017-05-22 | 2020-04-21 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | Spinal implant system and method |
Families Citing this family (318)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AU7178698A (en) | 1996-11-15 | 1998-06-03 | Advanced Bio Surfaces, Inc. | Biomaterial system for in situ tissue repair |
US6068630A (en) | 1997-01-02 | 2000-05-30 | St. Francis Medical Technologies, Inc. | Spine distraction implant |
US7306628B2 (en) | 2002-10-29 | 2007-12-11 | St. Francis Medical Technologies | Interspinous process apparatus and method with a selectably expandable spacer |
US7959652B2 (en) | 2005-04-18 | 2011-06-14 | Kyphon Sarl | Interspinous process implant having deployable wings and method of implantation |
FR2767675B1 (en) * | 1997-08-26 | 1999-12-03 | Materiel Orthopedique En Abreg | INTERSOMATIC IMPLANT AND ANCILLARY OF PREPARATION SUITABLE FOR ALLOWING ITS POSITION |
US6187000B1 (en) | 1998-08-20 | 2001-02-13 | Endius Incorporated | Cannula for receiving surgical instruments |
US6245108B1 (en) * | 1999-02-25 | 2001-06-12 | Spineco | Spinal fusion implant |
EP1795155B1 (en) | 1999-07-02 | 2014-03-19 | Spine Solutions Inc. | Intervertebral implant |
US6764491B2 (en) | 1999-10-21 | 2004-07-20 | Sdgi Holdings, Inc. | Devices and techniques for a posterior lateral disc space approach |
US6830570B1 (en) | 1999-10-21 | 2004-12-14 | Sdgi Holdings, Inc. | Devices and techniques for a posterior lateral disc space approach |
WO2001028469A2 (en) * | 1999-10-21 | 2001-04-26 | Sdgi Holdings, Inc. | Devices and techniques for a posterior lateral disc space approach |
DE19952939A1 (en) * | 1999-11-03 | 2001-05-10 | Tutogen Medical Gmbh | Bone material implant |
US6648915B2 (en) * | 1999-12-23 | 2003-11-18 | John A. Sazy | Intervertebral cage and method of use |
US7727263B2 (en) | 2000-02-16 | 2010-06-01 | Trans1, Inc. | Articulating spinal implant |
WO2004049915A2 (en) | 2000-02-16 | 2004-06-17 | Trans1 Inc. | Method and apparatus for spinal distraction and fusion |
US6790210B1 (en) | 2000-02-16 | 2004-09-14 | Trans1, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for forming curved axial bores through spinal vertebrae |
US7662173B2 (en) | 2000-02-16 | 2010-02-16 | Transl, Inc. | Spinal mobility preservation apparatus |
US6558390B2 (en) | 2000-02-16 | 2003-05-06 | Axiamed, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for performing therapeutic procedures in the spine |
US7169183B2 (en) * | 2000-03-14 | 2007-01-30 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | Vertebral implant for promoting arthrodesis of the spine |
JP2003527196A (en) * | 2000-03-22 | 2003-09-16 | スコリオ ゲーエムベーハー | Cage-type intervertebral implant |
US7985247B2 (en) | 2000-08-01 | 2011-07-26 | Zimmer Spine, Inc. | Methods and apparatuses for treating the spine through an access device |
US7056321B2 (en) | 2000-08-01 | 2006-06-06 | Endius, Incorporated | Method of securing vertebrae |
WO2002065954A1 (en) * | 2001-02-16 | 2002-08-29 | Queen's University At Kingston | Method and device for treating scoliosis |
WO2002098332A1 (en) * | 2001-02-16 | 2002-12-12 | Sulzer Spine-Tech Inc. | Bone implants and methods |
US6974480B2 (en) * | 2001-05-03 | 2005-12-13 | Synthes (Usa) | Intervertebral implant for transforaminal posterior lumbar interbody fusion procedure |
US6719794B2 (en) | 2001-05-03 | 2004-04-13 | Synthes (U.S.A.) | Intervertebral implant for transforaminal posterior lumbar interbody fusion procedure |
US8038713B2 (en) | 2002-04-23 | 2011-10-18 | Spinecore, Inc. | Two-component artificial disc replacements |
US6706068B2 (en) | 2002-04-23 | 2004-03-16 | Bret A. Ferree | Artificial disc replacements with natural kinematics |
US8388684B2 (en) * | 2002-05-23 | 2013-03-05 | Pioneer Signal Technology, Inc. | Artificial disc device |
US7776049B1 (en) * | 2002-10-02 | 2010-08-17 | Nuvasive, Inc. | Spinal implant inserter, implant, and method |
US7125425B2 (en) * | 2002-10-21 | 2006-10-24 | Sdgi Holdings, Inc. | Systems and techniques for restoring and maintaining intervertebral anatomy |
US7063725B2 (en) | 2002-10-21 | 2006-06-20 | Sdgi Holdings, Inc. | Systems and techniques for restoring and maintaining intervertebral anatomy |
US8048117B2 (en) | 2003-05-22 | 2011-11-01 | Kyphon Sarl | Interspinous process implant and method of implantation |
US7549999B2 (en) | 2003-05-22 | 2009-06-23 | Kyphon Sarl | Interspinous process distraction implant and method of implantation |
US7909853B2 (en) | 2004-09-23 | 2011-03-22 | Kyphon Sarl | Interspinous process implant including a binder and method of implantation |
US7749252B2 (en) | 2005-03-21 | 2010-07-06 | Kyphon Sarl | Interspinous process implant having deployable wing and method of implantation |
US7833246B2 (en) | 2002-10-29 | 2010-11-16 | Kyphon SÀRL | Interspinous process and sacrum implant and method |
US8070778B2 (en) | 2003-05-22 | 2011-12-06 | Kyphon Sarl | Interspinous process implant with slide-in distraction piece and method of implantation |
US7223269B2 (en) * | 2002-12-02 | 2007-05-29 | Chappuis James L | Facet fusion system |
US7500991B2 (en) * | 2002-12-31 | 2009-03-10 | Depuy Acromed, Inc. | Banana cage |
AU2004212942A1 (en) | 2003-02-14 | 2004-09-02 | Depuy Spine, Inc. | In-situ formed intervertebral fusion device |
US20040176853A1 (en) * | 2003-03-05 | 2004-09-09 | Sennett Andrew R. | Apparatus and method for spinal fusion using posteriorly implanted devices |
US6908484B2 (en) | 2003-03-06 | 2005-06-21 | Spinecore, Inc. | Cervical disc replacement |
US8613772B2 (en) * | 2003-04-21 | 2013-12-24 | Rsb Spine Llc | Lateral mount implant device |
US7491204B2 (en) | 2003-04-28 | 2009-02-17 | Spine Solutions, Inc. | Instruments and method for preparing an intervertebral space for receiving an artificial disc implant |
JP2004337277A (en) * | 2003-05-14 | 2004-12-02 | Pentax Corp | Intervertebral spacer |
US7806932B2 (en) * | 2003-08-01 | 2010-10-05 | Zimmer Spine, Inc. | Spinal implant |
US20060229627A1 (en) * | 2004-10-29 | 2006-10-12 | Hunt Margaret M | Variable angle spinal surgery instrument |
US8052723B2 (en) | 2003-08-05 | 2011-11-08 | Flexuspine Inc. | Dynamic posterior stabilization systems and methods of use |
US7909869B2 (en) * | 2003-08-05 | 2011-03-22 | Flexuspine, Inc. | Artificial spinal unit assemblies |
US7753958B2 (en) * | 2003-08-05 | 2010-07-13 | Gordon Charles R | Expandable intervertebral implant |
US7204853B2 (en) * | 2003-08-05 | 2007-04-17 | Flexuspine, Inc. | Artificial functional spinal unit assemblies |
US7316714B2 (en) * | 2003-08-05 | 2008-01-08 | Flexuspine, Inc. | Artificial functional spinal unit assemblies |
US20050038511A1 (en) * | 2003-08-15 | 2005-02-17 | Martz Erik O. | Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) implant, surgical procedure and instruments for insertion of spinal implant in a spinal disc space |
US20050055099A1 (en) * | 2003-09-09 | 2005-03-10 | Ku David N. | Flexible spinal disc |
EP1681985A4 (en) * | 2003-10-17 | 2011-06-01 | Spinecore Inc | Intervertebral disc replacement trial |
EP2305155A3 (en) | 2003-10-23 | 2015-01-14 | TRANS1, Inc. | Tools and tool kits for performing minimally invasive procedures on the spine |
EP1682161A4 (en) * | 2003-10-29 | 2011-12-07 | Gentis Inc | Polymerizable emulsions for tissue engineering |
US7837732B2 (en) | 2003-11-20 | 2010-11-23 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | Intervertebral body fusion cage with keels and implantation methods |
US20050149192A1 (en) * | 2003-11-20 | 2005-07-07 | St. Francis Medical Technologies, Inc. | Intervertebral body fusion cage with keels and implantation method |
US7691146B2 (en) | 2003-11-21 | 2010-04-06 | Kyphon Sarl | Method of laterally inserting an artificial vertebral disk replacement implant with curved spacer |
US7846183B2 (en) | 2004-02-06 | 2010-12-07 | Spinal Elements, Inc. | Vertebral facet joint prosthesis and method of fixation |
CA2559796A1 (en) * | 2004-03-10 | 2005-09-22 | Sepitec Foundation | Implant used in stabilising operations on the thoracic and lumbar vertebral column |
US7005665B2 (en) * | 2004-03-18 | 2006-02-28 | International Business Machines Corporation | Phase change memory cell on silicon-on insulator substrate |
US7524324B2 (en) * | 2004-04-28 | 2009-04-28 | Kyphon Sarl | System and method for an interspinous process implant as a supplement to a spine stabilization implant |
US20050256576A1 (en) * | 2004-05-13 | 2005-11-17 | Moskowitz Nathan C | Artificial expansile total lumbar and thoracic discs for posterior placement without supplemental instrumentation and its adaptation for anterior placement of artificial cervical, thoracic and lumbar discs |
US11806244B2 (en) | 2004-05-13 | 2023-11-07 | Moskowitz Family Llc | Artificial cervical and lumbar disc system |
US8535379B2 (en) | 2006-04-04 | 2013-09-17 | Nathan C. Moskowitz | Artificial cervical and lumbar discs, disc plate insertion gun for performing sequential single plate intervertebral implantation enabling symmetric bi-disc plate alignment for interplate mobile core placement |
US7854766B2 (en) | 2004-05-13 | 2010-12-21 | Moskowitz Nathan C | Artificial total lumbar disc for unilateral safe and simple posterior placement in the lumbar spine, and removable bifunctional screw which drives vertical sliding expansile plate expansion, and interplate widening, and angled traction spikes |
US8251891B2 (en) * | 2004-05-14 | 2012-08-28 | Nathan Moskowitz | Totally wireless electronically embedded action-ended endoscope utilizing differential directional illumination with digitally controlled mirrors and/or prisms |
US9504583B2 (en) | 2004-06-10 | 2016-11-29 | Spinal Elements, Inc. | Implant and method for facet immobilization |
US7470273B2 (en) * | 2004-06-25 | 2008-12-30 | Ebi, Llc | Tool for intervertebral implant manipulation |
WO2006034436A2 (en) | 2004-09-21 | 2006-03-30 | Stout Medical Group, L.P. | Expandable support device and method of use |
US20060129243A1 (en) * | 2004-09-21 | 2006-06-15 | Wong Hee K | Interbody spinal device |
US8012209B2 (en) | 2004-09-23 | 2011-09-06 | Kyphon Sarl | Interspinous process implant including a binder, binder aligner and method of implantation |
US7766940B2 (en) * | 2004-12-30 | 2010-08-03 | Depuy Spine, Inc. | Posterior stabilization system |
US8092496B2 (en) * | 2004-09-30 | 2012-01-10 | Depuy Spine, Inc. | Methods and devices for posterior stabilization |
US20060069436A1 (en) * | 2004-09-30 | 2006-03-30 | Depuy Spine, Inc. | Trial disk implant |
US20060084976A1 (en) * | 2004-09-30 | 2006-04-20 | Depuy Spine, Inc. | Posterior stabilization systems and methods |
US7896906B2 (en) | 2004-12-30 | 2011-03-01 | Depuy Spine, Inc. | Artificial facet joint |
US7988699B2 (en) * | 2004-10-19 | 2011-08-02 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | Adjustable instrumentation for spinal implant insertion |
US8029512B2 (en) * | 2004-10-26 | 2011-10-04 | Pioneer Surgical Technology | Spinal stabilization device and methods |
WO2006058221A2 (en) | 2004-11-24 | 2006-06-01 | Abdou Samy M | Devices and methods for inter-vertebral orthopedic device placement |
US7763050B2 (en) | 2004-12-13 | 2010-07-27 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | Inter-cervical facet implant with locking screw and method |
US8066749B2 (en) | 2004-12-13 | 2011-11-29 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | Implant for stabilizing a bone graft during spinal fusion |
US8029540B2 (en) * | 2005-05-10 | 2011-10-04 | Kyphon Sarl | Inter-cervical facet implant with implantation tool |
US20060247650A1 (en) * | 2004-12-13 | 2006-11-02 | St. Francis Medical Technologies, Inc. | Inter-cervical facet joint fusion implant |
US7776090B2 (en) | 2004-12-13 | 2010-08-17 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | Inter-cervical facet implant and method |
US8118838B2 (en) * | 2004-12-13 | 2012-02-21 | Kyphon Sarl | Inter-cervical facet implant with multiple direction articulation joint and method for implanting |
US20070016218A1 (en) * | 2005-05-10 | 2007-01-18 | Winslow Charles J | Inter-cervical facet implant with implantation tool |
US20060247633A1 (en) * | 2004-12-13 | 2006-11-02 | St. Francis Medical Technologies, Inc. | Inter-cervical facet implant with surface enhancements |
PT1841385E (en) | 2005-01-28 | 2010-07-01 | Advanced Med Tech | Implant for transforaminal intracorporeal fusion |
US20060235279A1 (en) * | 2005-03-18 | 2006-10-19 | Hawkes David T | Less invasive access port system and method for using the same |
US7749269B2 (en) | 2005-03-28 | 2010-07-06 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | Spinal system and method including lateral approach |
US7763078B2 (en) | 2005-03-28 | 2010-07-27 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | Spinal device including lateral approach |
US20060276801A1 (en) * | 2005-04-04 | 2006-12-07 | Yerby Scott A | Inter-cervical facet implant distraction tool |
US7704279B2 (en) * | 2005-04-12 | 2010-04-27 | Moskowitz Mosheh T | Bi-directional fixating transvertebral body screws, zero-profile horizontal intervertebral miniplates, expansile intervertebral body fusion devices, and posterior motion-calibrating interarticulating joint stapling device for spinal fusion |
US9744052B2 (en) | 2005-04-12 | 2017-08-29 | Nathan C. Moskowitz | Bi-directional fixating/locking transvertebral body screw/intervertebral cage stand-alone constructs |
US8257370B2 (en) * | 2005-04-12 | 2012-09-04 | Moskowitz Ahmnon D | Posterior cervical and lumbar interarticulating joint staples, stapling guns, and devices for spinal fusion |
US9814601B2 (en) | 2005-04-12 | 2017-11-14 | Nathan C. Moskowitz | Bi-directional fixating/locking transvertebral body screw/intervertebral cage stand-alone constructs |
US11903849B2 (en) | 2005-04-12 | 2024-02-20 | Moskowitz Family Llc | Intervertebral implant and tool assembly |
US9532821B2 (en) | 2005-04-12 | 2017-01-03 | Nathan C. Moskowitz | Bi-directional fixating/locking transvertebral body screw/intervertebral cage stand-alone constructs with vertical hemi-bracket screw locking mechanism |
US7846188B2 (en) * | 2005-04-12 | 2010-12-07 | Moskowitz Nathan C | Bi-directional fixating transvertebral body screws, zero-profile horizontal intervertebral miniplates, total intervertebral body fusion devices, and posterior motion-calibrating interarticulating joint stapling device for spinal fusion |
US9675385B2 (en) | 2005-04-12 | 2017-06-13 | Nathan C. Moskowitz | Spinous process staple with interdigitating-interlocking hemi-spacers for adjacent spinous process separation and distraction |
US9848993B2 (en) | 2005-04-12 | 2017-12-26 | Nathan C. Moskowitz | Zero-profile expandable intervertebral spacer devices for distraction and spinal fusion and a universal tool for their placement and expansion |
US9888918B2 (en) * | 2005-04-12 | 2018-02-13 | Nathan C. Moskowitz | Horizontal-transvertebral curvilinear nail-screws with inter-locking rigid or jointed flexible rods for spinal fusion |
US7972363B2 (en) | 2005-04-12 | 2011-07-05 | Moskowitz Ahmnon D | Bi-directional fixating/locking transvertebral body screw/intervertebral cage stand-alone constructs and posterior cervical and lumbar interarticulating joint stapling guns and devices for spinal fusion |
US7942903B2 (en) | 2005-04-12 | 2011-05-17 | Moskowitz Ahmnon D | Bi-directional fixating transvertebral body screws and posterior cervical and lumbar interarticulating joint calibrated stapling devices for spinal fusion |
US7575580B2 (en) * | 2005-04-15 | 2009-08-18 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | Instruments, implants and methods for positioning implants into a spinal disc space |
DE102005018972B3 (en) * | 2005-04-19 | 2006-10-05 | Ohst Medizintechnik Ag | Implant for insertion between vertebrae is kidney shaped, with flat central section, convex ends and corrugated upper and lower surfaces |
US20060253198A1 (en) * | 2005-05-03 | 2006-11-09 | Disc Dynamics, Inc. | Multi-lumen mold for intervertebral prosthesis and method of using same |
US20060253199A1 (en) * | 2005-05-03 | 2006-11-09 | Disc Dynamics, Inc. | Lordosis creating nucleus replacement method and apparatus |
US8585765B2 (en) | 2005-05-06 | 2013-11-19 | Titan Spine, Llc | Endplate-preserving spinal implant having a raised expulsion-resistant edge |
US8992622B2 (en) | 2005-05-06 | 2015-03-31 | Titan Spine, Llc | Interbody spinal implant having a roughened surface topography |
US8617248B2 (en) | 2005-05-06 | 2013-12-31 | Titan Spine, Llc | Spinal implant having variable ratios of the integration surface area to the axial passage area |
US8545568B2 (en) | 2005-05-06 | 2013-10-01 | Titan Spine, Llc | Method of using instruments and interbody spinal implants to enhance distraction |
US8480749B2 (en) | 2005-05-06 | 2013-07-09 | Titan Spine, Llc | Friction fit and vertebral endplate-preserving spinal implant |
US8435302B2 (en) | 2005-05-06 | 2013-05-07 | Titan Spine, Llc | Instruments and interbody spinal implants enhancing disc space distraction |
US8585766B2 (en) | 2005-05-06 | 2013-11-19 | Titan Spine, Llc | Endplate-preserving spinal implant with an integration plate having durable connectors |
US8551176B2 (en) | 2005-05-06 | 2013-10-08 | Titan Spine, Llc | Spinal implant having a passage for enhancing contact between bone graft material and cortical endplate bone |
US8262737B2 (en) | 2005-05-06 | 2012-09-11 | Titan Spine, Llc | Composite interbody spinal implant having openings of predetermined size and shape |
US8814939B2 (en) | 2005-05-06 | 2014-08-26 | Titan Spine, Llc | Implants having three distinct surfaces |
US8403991B2 (en) | 2005-05-06 | 2013-03-26 | Titan Spine Llc | Implant with critical ratio of load bearing surface area to central opening area |
US9125756B2 (en) | 2005-05-06 | 2015-09-08 | Titan Spine, Llc | Processes for producing regular repeating patterns on surfaces of interbody devices |
US8585767B2 (en) | 2005-05-06 | 2013-11-19 | Titan Spine, Llc | Endplate-preserving spinal implant with an integration plate having durable connectors |
US8562685B2 (en) | 2005-05-06 | 2013-10-22 | Titan Spine, Llc | Spinal implant and integration plate for optimizing vertebral endplate contact load-bearing edges |
US8591590B2 (en) | 2005-05-06 | 2013-11-26 | Titan Spine, Llc | Spinal implant having a transverse aperture |
US9168147B2 (en) | 2005-05-06 | 2015-10-27 | Titan Spine, Llc | Self-deploying locking screw retention device |
US8562684B2 (en) | 2005-05-06 | 2013-10-22 | Titan Spine, Llc | Endplate-preserving spinal implant with an integration plate having a roughened surface topography |
US20120312779A1 (en) | 2005-05-06 | 2012-12-13 | Titian Spine, LLC | Methods for manufacturing implants having integration surfaces |
US8758443B2 (en) | 2005-05-06 | 2014-06-24 | Titan Spine, Llc | Implants with integration surfaces having regular repeating surface patterns |
US11096796B2 (en) | 2005-05-06 | 2021-08-24 | Titan Spine, Llc | Interbody spinal implant having a roughened surface topography on one or more internal surfaces |
US8758442B2 (en) | 2005-05-06 | 2014-06-24 | Titan Spine, Llc | Composite implants having integration surfaces composed of a regular repeating pattern |
WO2008144104A1 (en) * | 2005-05-26 | 2008-11-27 | Alpinespine Llc | Minimally traumatic portal |
DE102005028887A1 (en) * | 2005-06-22 | 2007-01-04 | Tutogen Medical Gmbh | Implant for correction of position of vertebral canal, comprises upper and lower part and made of bone substance |
EP1903949A2 (en) | 2005-07-14 | 2008-04-02 | Stout Medical Group, L.P. | Expandable support device and method of use |
US8623088B1 (en) | 2005-07-15 | 2014-01-07 | Nuvasive, Inc. | Spinal fusion implant and related methods |
US8591583B2 (en) | 2005-08-16 | 2013-11-26 | Benvenue Medical, Inc. | Devices for treating the spine |
US8366773B2 (en) | 2005-08-16 | 2013-02-05 | Benvenue Medical, Inc. | Apparatus and method for treating bone |
AU2006279558B2 (en) | 2005-08-16 | 2012-05-17 | Izi Medical Products, Llc | Spinal tissue distraction devices |
US20070073397A1 (en) * | 2005-09-15 | 2007-03-29 | Mckinley Laurence M | Disc nucleus prosthesis and its method of insertion and revision |
US7998212B2 (en) * | 2005-09-26 | 2011-08-16 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | Transforaminal hybrid implant |
US7901458B2 (en) * | 2005-12-16 | 2011-03-08 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | Intervertebral spacer and insertion tool |
US7988695B2 (en) * | 2005-12-21 | 2011-08-02 | Theken Spine, Llc | Articulated delivery instrument |
US7935148B2 (en) * | 2006-01-09 | 2011-05-03 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | Adjustable insertion device for a vertebral implant |
US20070161962A1 (en) * | 2006-01-09 | 2007-07-12 | Edie Jason A | Device and method for moving fill material to an implant |
WO2007089905A2 (en) * | 2006-02-01 | 2007-08-09 | Synthes (U.S.A.) | Interspinous process spacer |
WO2007095333A2 (en) * | 2006-02-15 | 2007-08-23 | Abdou M S | Devices and methods for inter-vertebral orthopedic device placement |
US8409290B2 (en) * | 2006-03-08 | 2013-04-02 | Seaspine, Inc. | Interbody device for spinal applications |
US8118869B2 (en) | 2006-03-08 | 2012-02-21 | Flexuspine, Inc. | Dynamic interbody device |
US20070225810A1 (en) * | 2006-03-23 | 2007-09-27 | Dennis Colleran | Flexible cage spinal implant |
US7976549B2 (en) | 2006-03-23 | 2011-07-12 | Theken Spine, Llc | Instruments for delivering spinal implants |
US8246684B2 (en) * | 2006-04-20 | 2012-08-21 | RE-Spine LLC. | Intervertebral disc and facet joint prosthesis |
WO2007131002A2 (en) | 2006-05-01 | 2007-11-15 | Stout Medical Group, L.P. | Expandable support device and method of use |
US8002837B2 (en) | 2006-05-19 | 2011-08-23 | Pioneer Surgical Technology | Spinal stabilization device and methods |
US20070276491A1 (en) * | 2006-05-24 | 2007-11-29 | Disc Dynamics, Inc. | Mold assembly for intervertebral prosthesis |
US8092536B2 (en) * | 2006-05-24 | 2012-01-10 | Disc Dynamics, Inc. | Retention structure for in situ formation of an intervertebral prosthesis |
US8303601B2 (en) * | 2006-06-07 | 2012-11-06 | Stryker Spine | Collet-activated distraction wedge inserter |
WO2008008840A2 (en) * | 2006-07-11 | 2008-01-17 | Alpinespine Llc | Selectively locking minimally traumatic access port |
USD741488S1 (en) | 2006-07-17 | 2015-10-20 | Nuvasive, Inc. | Spinal fusion implant |
AU2007276755A1 (en) * | 2006-07-24 | 2008-01-31 | Spine Solutions, Inc. | Intervertebral implant with keel |
US20080027544A1 (en) * | 2006-07-28 | 2008-01-31 | Warsaw Orthopedic Inc. | Instruments and techniques for engaging spinal implants for insertion into a spinal space |
EP2046211B1 (en) | 2006-07-31 | 2018-06-27 | Centinel Spine Schweiz GmbH | Drilling/milling guide and keel cut preparation system |
US8118872B2 (en) | 2006-08-10 | 2012-02-21 | Pioneer Surgical Technology, Inc. | System and methods for inserting a spinal disc device into an intervertebral space |
US7976550B2 (en) * | 2006-08-10 | 2011-07-12 | Pioneer Surgical Technology | Insertion instrument for artificial discs |
US8409213B2 (en) * | 2006-08-10 | 2013-04-02 | Pioneer Surgical Technology, Inc. | Insertion instrument for artificial discs |
US8506636B2 (en) * | 2006-09-08 | 2013-08-13 | Theken Spine, Llc | Offset radius lordosis |
US8414616B2 (en) * | 2006-09-12 | 2013-04-09 | Pioneer Surgical Technology, Inc. | Mounting devices for fixation devices and insertion instruments used therewith |
US8372084B2 (en) * | 2006-09-22 | 2013-02-12 | Pioneer Surgical Technology, Inc. | System and methods for inserting a spinal disc device into an intervertebral space |
US20080177311A1 (en) * | 2006-10-30 | 2008-07-24 | St. Francis Medical Technologies, Inc. | Facet joint implant sizing tool |
US8105382B2 (en) | 2006-12-07 | 2012-01-31 | Interventional Spine, Inc. | Intervertebral implant |
US8114160B2 (en) * | 2006-12-22 | 2012-02-14 | Pioneer Surgical Technology, Inc. | Implant retention device and method |
US7959677B2 (en) | 2007-01-19 | 2011-06-14 | Flexuspine, Inc. | Artificial functional spinal unit system and method for use |
WO2008103832A2 (en) | 2007-02-21 | 2008-08-28 | Benvenue Medical, Inc. | Devices for treating the spine |
US8992533B2 (en) | 2007-02-22 | 2015-03-31 | Spinal Elements, Inc. | Vertebral facet joint drill and method of use |
US8652137B2 (en) | 2007-02-22 | 2014-02-18 | Spinal Elements, Inc. | Vertebral facet joint drill and method of use |
US20080228275A1 (en) * | 2007-03-14 | 2008-09-18 | Heather Cannon | Intervertebral implant component with three points of contact |
US20080306598A1 (en) * | 2007-04-02 | 2008-12-11 | Eric Hansen | Spinal implant with biologic sponge |
US20080243252A1 (en) * | 2007-04-02 | 2008-10-02 | Centra-Fuse, Inc. | Spinal implant system |
US20080312699A1 (en) * | 2007-04-11 | 2008-12-18 | Jeffrey Johnson | Recessed plate system |
US8900307B2 (en) | 2007-06-26 | 2014-12-02 | DePuy Synthes Products, LLC | Highly lordosed fusion cage |
US20100131069A1 (en) * | 2007-08-01 | 2010-05-27 | Jeffrey Halbrecht | Method and system for patella tendon realignment |
EP2178468B1 (en) * | 2007-08-01 | 2016-06-22 | Jeffrey Halbrecht | System for patella tendon realignment |
FR2919490B1 (en) * | 2007-08-02 | 2010-06-04 | Vitatech | INTERSOMATIC IMPLANT |
US8182514B2 (en) | 2007-10-22 | 2012-05-22 | Flexuspine, Inc. | Dampener system for a posterior stabilization system with a fixed length elongated member |
US8157844B2 (en) | 2007-10-22 | 2012-04-17 | Flexuspine, Inc. | Dampener system for a posterior stabilization system with a variable length elongated member |
US8162994B2 (en) | 2007-10-22 | 2012-04-24 | Flexuspine, Inc. | Posterior stabilization system with isolated, dual dampener systems |
US8523912B2 (en) | 2007-10-22 | 2013-09-03 | Flexuspine, Inc. | Posterior stabilization systems with shared, dual dampener systems |
US8187330B2 (en) | 2007-10-22 | 2012-05-29 | Flexuspine, Inc. | Dampener system for a posterior stabilization system with a variable length elongated member |
US8267965B2 (en) | 2007-10-22 | 2012-09-18 | Flexuspine, Inc. | Spinal stabilization systems with dynamic interbody devices |
US20090164020A1 (en) * | 2007-11-28 | 2009-06-25 | Pioneer Surgical Technology, Inc. | Device for Securing an Implant to Tissue |
CA2710142A1 (en) | 2008-01-17 | 2009-07-23 | Beat Lechmann | An expandable intervertebral implant and associated method of manufacturing the same |
US20090187246A1 (en) * | 2008-01-22 | 2009-07-23 | Foley Kevin T | Interbody implants for spinal alignment procedures |
US20090240699A1 (en) * | 2008-03-18 | 2009-09-24 | Morgan Christopher B | Integration for intelligence data systems |
US8202299B2 (en) | 2008-03-19 | 2012-06-19 | Collabcom II, LLC | Interspinous implant, tools and methods of implanting |
WO2009124269A1 (en) | 2008-04-05 | 2009-10-08 | Synthes Usa, Llc | Expandable intervertebral implant |
US8425514B2 (en) * | 2008-06-25 | 2013-04-23 | Westmark Medical, Llc. | Spinal fixation device |
US8147554B2 (en) * | 2008-10-13 | 2012-04-03 | Globus Medical, Inc. | Intervertebral spacer |
US20100211176A1 (en) | 2008-11-12 | 2010-08-19 | Stout Medical Group, L.P. | Fixation device and method |
WO2010056895A1 (en) | 2008-11-12 | 2010-05-20 | Stout Medical Group, L.P. | Fixation device and method |
US8216316B2 (en) * | 2008-12-17 | 2012-07-10 | X-Spine Systems, Inc. | Prosthetic implant with biplanar angulation and compound angles |
US9526620B2 (en) | 2009-03-30 | 2016-12-27 | DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. | Zero profile spinal fusion cage |
USD773047S1 (en) * | 2009-07-20 | 2016-11-29 | Teknimed S.A. | Bone filler particle |
US9668868B2 (en) | 2009-08-27 | 2017-06-06 | Cotera, Inc. | Apparatus and methods for treatment of patellofemoral conditions |
US9278004B2 (en) | 2009-08-27 | 2016-03-08 | Cotera, Inc. | Method and apparatus for altering biomechanics of the articular joints |
US10349980B2 (en) | 2009-08-27 | 2019-07-16 | The Foundry, Llc | Method and apparatus for altering biomechanics of the shoulder |
CN116570353A (en) | 2009-08-27 | 2023-08-11 | 铸造有限责任公司 | Device for changing the load between the patella and the femur in a knee joint and for treating hip joint diseases |
US9861408B2 (en) | 2009-08-27 | 2018-01-09 | The Foundry, Llc | Method and apparatus for treating canine cruciate ligament disease |
USD731063S1 (en) | 2009-10-13 | 2015-06-02 | Nuvasive, Inc. | Spinal fusion implant |
US9028553B2 (en) | 2009-11-05 | 2015-05-12 | DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. | Self-pivoting spinal implant and associated instrumentation |
US20110112644A1 (en) * | 2009-11-12 | 2011-05-12 | Zilberstein Boris | Disc prosthetic implant device |
US8764806B2 (en) | 2009-12-07 | 2014-07-01 | Samy Abdou | Devices and methods for minimally invasive spinal stabilization and instrumentation |
US9393129B2 (en) | 2009-12-10 | 2016-07-19 | DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. | Bellows-like expandable interbody fusion cage |
ES2614919T3 (en) | 2010-01-13 | 2017-06-02 | Jcbd, Llc | Fixation and fusion system of the sacroiliac joint |
US9554909B2 (en) | 2012-07-20 | 2017-01-31 | Jcbd, Llc | Orthopedic anchoring system and methods |
US9333090B2 (en) | 2010-01-13 | 2016-05-10 | Jcbd, Llc | Systems for and methods of fusing a sacroiliac joint |
US9421109B2 (en) | 2010-01-13 | 2016-08-23 | Jcbd, Llc | Systems and methods of fusing a sacroiliac joint |
US9381045B2 (en) | 2010-01-13 | 2016-07-05 | Jcbd, Llc | Sacroiliac joint implant and sacroiliac joint instrument for fusing a sacroiliac joint |
US9788961B2 (en) | 2010-01-13 | 2017-10-17 | Jcbd, Llc | Sacroiliac joint implant system |
US8444699B2 (en) * | 2010-02-18 | 2013-05-21 | Biomet Manufacturing Corp. | Method and apparatus for augmenting bone defects |
US8979860B2 (en) | 2010-06-24 | 2015-03-17 | DePuy Synthes Products. LLC | Enhanced cage insertion device |
US9592063B2 (en) | 2010-06-24 | 2017-03-14 | DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. | Universal trial for lateral cages |
WO2012003175A1 (en) | 2010-06-29 | 2012-01-05 | Synthes Usa, Llc | Distractible intervertebral implant |
US9402732B2 (en) | 2010-10-11 | 2016-08-02 | DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. | Expandable interspinous process spacer implant |
WO2012061489A1 (en) * | 2010-11-02 | 2012-05-10 | Thompson Mis | Bone collection system |
US8353964B2 (en) | 2010-11-04 | 2013-01-15 | Carpenter Clyde T | Anatomic total disc replacement |
WO2012064817A1 (en) | 2010-11-09 | 2012-05-18 | Benvenue Medical, Inc. | Devices and methods for treatment of a bone fracture |
US9149286B1 (en) | 2010-11-12 | 2015-10-06 | Flexmedex, LLC | Guidance tool and method for use |
US8740949B2 (en) | 2011-02-24 | 2014-06-03 | Spinal Elements, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for stabilizing bone |
USD724733S1 (en) | 2011-02-24 | 2015-03-17 | Spinal Elements, Inc. | Interbody bone implant |
US9271765B2 (en) | 2011-02-24 | 2016-03-01 | Spinal Elements, Inc. | Vertebral facet joint fusion implant and method for fusion |
WO2012129197A1 (en) | 2011-03-22 | 2012-09-27 | Depuy Spine, Inc. | Universal trial for lateral cages |
US8388687B2 (en) | 2011-03-25 | 2013-03-05 | Flexuspine, Inc. | Interbody device insertion systems and methods |
US20120310351A1 (en) * | 2011-06-02 | 2012-12-06 | Farley Daniel K | Lordotic spacer |
US8814873B2 (en) | 2011-06-24 | 2014-08-26 | Benvenue Medical, Inc. | Devices and methods for treating bone tissue |
JP2014529445A (en) | 2011-08-23 | 2014-11-13 | フレックスメデックス,エルエルシー | Tissue removal apparatus and method |
US9204975B2 (en) | 2011-09-16 | 2015-12-08 | Globus Medical, Inc. | Multi-piece intervertebral implants |
US9398960B2 (en) | 2011-09-16 | 2016-07-26 | Globus Medical, Inc. | Multi-piece intervertebral implants |
US9149365B2 (en) | 2013-03-05 | 2015-10-06 | Globus Medical, Inc. | Low profile plate |
US10881526B2 (en) | 2011-09-16 | 2021-01-05 | Globus Medical, Inc. | Low profile plate |
US9539109B2 (en) | 2011-09-16 | 2017-01-10 | Globus Medical, Inc. | Low profile plate |
US10245155B2 (en) | 2011-09-16 | 2019-04-02 | Globus Medical, Inc. | Low profile plate |
US9237957B2 (en) | 2011-09-16 | 2016-01-19 | Globus Medical, Inc. | Low profile plate |
US8961606B2 (en) | 2011-09-16 | 2015-02-24 | Globus Medical, Inc. | Multi-piece intervertebral implants |
US9681959B2 (en) | 2011-09-16 | 2017-06-20 | Globus Medical, Inc. | Low profile plate |
US9848994B2 (en) | 2011-09-16 | 2017-12-26 | Globus Medical, Inc. | Low profile plate |
US9770340B2 (en) | 2011-09-16 | 2017-09-26 | Globus Medical, Inc. | Multi-piece intervertebral implants |
US8845728B1 (en) | 2011-09-23 | 2014-09-30 | Samy Abdou | Spinal fixation devices and methods of use |
USD739935S1 (en) | 2011-10-26 | 2015-09-29 | Spinal Elements, Inc. | Interbody bone implant |
US8992619B2 (en) | 2011-11-01 | 2015-03-31 | Titan Spine, Llc | Microstructured implant surfaces |
US9526627B2 (en) | 2011-11-17 | 2016-12-27 | Exactech, Inc. | Expandable interbody device system and method |
US20130226240A1 (en) | 2012-02-22 | 2013-08-29 | Samy Abdou | Spinous process fixation devices and methods of use |
EP2827806B1 (en) | 2012-03-20 | 2020-06-24 | Titan Spine, Inc. | Process of fabricating bioactive spinal implant endplates |
US9468466B1 (en) | 2012-08-24 | 2016-10-18 | Cotera, Inc. | Method and apparatus for altering biomechanics of the spine |
US9198767B2 (en) | 2012-08-28 | 2015-12-01 | Samy Abdou | Devices and methods for spinal stabilization and instrumentation |
EP2716261A1 (en) | 2012-10-02 | 2014-04-09 | Titan Spine, LLC | Implants with self-deploying anchors |
US9498349B2 (en) | 2012-10-09 | 2016-11-22 | Titan Spine, Llc | Expandable spinal implant with expansion wedge and anchor |
US9320617B2 (en) | 2012-10-22 | 2016-04-26 | Cogent Spine, LLC | Devices and methods for spinal stabilization and instrumentation |
US9095385B2 (en) | 2012-11-21 | 2015-08-04 | K2M, Inc. | Adjustable spinal implant insertion instrument |
US10022245B2 (en) | 2012-12-17 | 2018-07-17 | DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. | Polyaxial articulating instrument |
US9492288B2 (en) | 2013-02-20 | 2016-11-15 | Flexuspine, Inc. | Expandable fusion device for positioning between adjacent vertebral bodies |
US9522070B2 (en) | 2013-03-07 | 2016-12-20 | Interventional Spine, Inc. | Intervertebral implant |
US9421044B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2016-08-23 | Spinal Elements, Inc. | Apparatus for bone stabilization and distraction and methods of use |
US9820784B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2017-11-21 | Spinal Elements, Inc. | Apparatus for spinal fixation and methods of use |
USD765853S1 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2016-09-06 | Spinal Elements, Inc. | Flexible elongate member with a portion configured to receive a bone anchor |
US10327910B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2019-06-25 | X-Spine Systems, Inc. | Spinal implant and assembly |
US10085783B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2018-10-02 | Izi Medical Products, Llc | Devices and methods for treating bone tissue |
WO2014159225A2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2014-10-02 | Baxano Surgical, Inc. | Spinal implants and implantation system |
US10245087B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2019-04-02 | Jcbd, Llc | Systems and methods for fusing a sacroiliac joint and anchoring an orthopedic appliance |
US9510872B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2016-12-06 | Jcbd, Llc | Spinal stabilization system |
US9717539B2 (en) | 2013-07-30 | 2017-08-01 | Jcbd, Llc | Implants, systems, and methods for fusing a sacroiliac joint |
US9826986B2 (en) | 2013-07-30 | 2017-11-28 | Jcbd, Llc | Systems for and methods of preparing a sacroiliac joint for fusion |
WO2015017593A1 (en) | 2013-07-30 | 2015-02-05 | Jcbd, Llc | Systems for and methods of fusing a sacroiliac joint |
US9839450B2 (en) | 2013-09-27 | 2017-12-12 | Spinal Elements, Inc. | Device and method for reinforcement of a facet |
US9456855B2 (en) | 2013-09-27 | 2016-10-04 | Spinal Elements, Inc. | Method of placing an implant between bone portions |
US10478313B1 (en) | 2014-01-10 | 2019-11-19 | Nuvasive, Inc. | Spinal fusion implant and related methods |
US9615935B2 (en) | 2014-01-30 | 2017-04-11 | Titan Spine, Llc | Thermally activated shape memory spring assemblies for implant expansion |
US10398565B2 (en) | 2014-04-24 | 2019-09-03 | Choice Spine, Llc | Limited profile intervertebral implant with incorporated fastening and locking mechanism |
US9517144B2 (en) | 2014-04-24 | 2016-12-13 | Exactech, Inc. | Limited profile intervertebral implant with incorporated fastening mechanism |
US9801546B2 (en) | 2014-05-27 | 2017-10-31 | Jcbd, Llc | Systems for and methods of diagnosing and treating a sacroiliac joint disorder |
US10117690B2 (en) * | 2014-09-09 | 2018-11-06 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | Spinal implant system and method |
WO2016044432A1 (en) | 2014-09-17 | 2016-03-24 | Spinal Elements, Inc. | Flexible fastening band connector |
US10568672B2 (en) * | 2014-10-16 | 2020-02-25 | Arthrex, Inc. | Anatomic osteotomy wedge |
JP2018502693A (en) | 2015-01-27 | 2018-02-01 | スパイナル・エレメンツ・インコーポレーテッド | Facet joint implant |
US11426290B2 (en) | 2015-03-06 | 2022-08-30 | DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. | Expandable intervertebral implant, system, kit and method |
US10857003B1 (en) | 2015-10-14 | 2020-12-08 | Samy Abdou | Devices and methods for vertebral stabilization |
US10610376B2 (en) | 2015-10-16 | 2020-04-07 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | Expandable spinal implant system and method |
US10137006B2 (en) | 2016-01-28 | 2018-11-27 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | Geared cam expandable interbody implant and method of implanting same |
CN109688980B (en) | 2016-06-28 | 2022-06-10 | Eit 新兴移植技术股份有限公司 | Expandable and angularly adjustable intervertebral cage with articulation joint |
CN109688981A (en) | 2016-06-28 | 2019-04-26 | Eit 新兴移植技术股份有限公司 | Distensible, adjustable angle intervertebral cage |
US10973648B1 (en) | 2016-10-25 | 2021-04-13 | Samy Abdou | Devices and methods for vertebral bone realignment |
US10744000B1 (en) | 2016-10-25 | 2020-08-18 | Samy Abdou | Devices and methods for vertebral bone realignment |
US10238503B2 (en) * | 2016-11-01 | 2019-03-26 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | Expandable spinal implant system with a biased tip and method of using same |
US10888433B2 (en) | 2016-12-14 | 2021-01-12 | DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. | Intervertebral implant inserter and related methods |
US11452608B2 (en) | 2017-04-05 | 2022-09-27 | Globus Medical, Inc. | Decoupled spacer and plate and method of installing the same |
US10376385B2 (en) | 2017-04-05 | 2019-08-13 | Globus Medical, Inc. | Decoupled spacer and plate and method of installing the same |
US10398563B2 (en) | 2017-05-08 | 2019-09-03 | Medos International Sarl | Expandable cage |
US11344424B2 (en) | 2017-06-14 | 2022-05-31 | Medos International Sarl | Expandable intervertebral implant and related methods |
US10940016B2 (en) | 2017-07-05 | 2021-03-09 | Medos International Sarl | Expandable intervertebral fusion cage |
US10966843B2 (en) | 2017-07-18 | 2021-04-06 | DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. | Implant inserters and related methods |
US11045331B2 (en) | 2017-08-14 | 2021-06-29 | DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. | Intervertebral implant inserters and related methods |
CA3074834A1 (en) | 2017-09-08 | 2019-03-14 | Pioneer Surgical Technology, Inc. | Intervertebral implants, instruments, and methods |
US10603055B2 (en) | 2017-09-15 | 2020-03-31 | Jcbd, Llc | Systems for and methods of preparing and fusing a sacroiliac joint |
USD907771S1 (en) | 2017-10-09 | 2021-01-12 | Pioneer Surgical Technology, Inc. | Intervertebral implant |
US10973658B2 (en) | 2017-11-27 | 2021-04-13 | Titan Spine, Inc. | Rotating implant and associated instrumentation |
US11135070B2 (en) | 2018-02-14 | 2021-10-05 | Titan Spine, Inc. | Modular adjustable corpectomy cage |
US11179248B2 (en) | 2018-10-02 | 2021-11-23 | Samy Abdou | Devices and methods for spinal implantation |
US11446156B2 (en) | 2018-10-25 | 2022-09-20 | Medos International Sarl | Expandable intervertebral implant, inserter instrument, and related methods |
US11464552B2 (en) | 2019-05-22 | 2022-10-11 | Spinal Elements, Inc. | Bone tie and bone tie inserter |
US11457959B2 (en) | 2019-05-22 | 2022-10-04 | Spinal Elements, Inc. | Bone tie and bone tie inserter |
KR102195236B1 (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2020-12-28 | (주)엘앤케이바이오메드 | Anterior To Psoas Fusion Cage for Lumbar Spine Surgery |
US11896476B2 (en) | 2020-01-02 | 2024-02-13 | Zkr Orthopedics, Inc. | Patella tendon realignment implant with changeable shape |
US11304733B2 (en) | 2020-02-14 | 2022-04-19 | Spinal Elements, Inc. | Bone tie methods |
US11426286B2 (en) | 2020-03-06 | 2022-08-30 | Eit Emerging Implant Technologies Gmbh | Expandable intervertebral implant |
US11166825B1 (en) | 2020-07-01 | 2021-11-09 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | Spinal implant |
US11850160B2 (en) | 2021-03-26 | 2023-12-26 | Medos International Sarl | Expandable lordotic intervertebral fusion cage |
US11752009B2 (en) | 2021-04-06 | 2023-09-12 | Medos International Sarl | Expandable intervertebral fusion cage |
JP1721477S (en) * | 2021-09-13 | 2022-08-02 | Medical implants for scaffolds for optimized tissue regeneration |
Citations (94)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4479491A (en) * | 1982-07-26 | 1984-10-30 | Martin Felix M | Intervertebral stabilization implant |
US4678470A (en) * | 1985-05-29 | 1987-07-07 | American Hospital Supply Corporation | Bone-grafting material |
US4717469A (en) * | 1986-10-29 | 1988-01-05 | Anton Pirc | Device for scavenging metal from earth deposits |
US4834757A (en) * | 1987-01-22 | 1989-05-30 | Brantigan John W | Prosthetic implant |
US4863477A (en) * | 1987-05-12 | 1989-09-05 | Monson Gary L | Synthetic intervertebral disc prosthesis |
US4904261A (en) * | 1987-08-06 | 1990-02-27 | A. W. Showell (Surgicraft) Limited | Spinal implants |
US4932969A (en) * | 1987-01-08 | 1990-06-12 | Sulzer Brothers Limited | Joint endoprosthesis |
US4950296A (en) * | 1988-04-07 | 1990-08-21 | Mcintyre Jonathan L | Bone grafting units |
US5053049A (en) * | 1985-05-29 | 1991-10-01 | Baxter International | Flexible prostheses of predetermined shapes and process for making same |
US5092893A (en) * | 1990-09-04 | 1992-03-03 | Smith Thomas E | Human orthopedic vertebra implant |
US5123926A (en) * | 1991-02-22 | 1992-06-23 | Madhavan Pisharodi | Artificial spinal prosthesis |
US5192327A (en) * | 1991-03-22 | 1993-03-09 | Brantigan John W | Surgical prosthetic implant for vertebrae |
US5192326A (en) * | 1990-12-21 | 1993-03-09 | Pfizer Hospital Products Group, Inc. | Hydrogel bead intervertebral disc nucleus |
US5275954A (en) * | 1991-03-05 | 1994-01-04 | Lifenet | Process for demineralization of bone using column extraction |
US5306309A (en) * | 1992-05-04 | 1994-04-26 | Calcitek, Inc. | Spinal disk implant and implantation kit |
US5306303A (en) * | 1991-11-19 | 1994-04-26 | The Medical College Of Wisconsin, Inc. | Bone induction method |
US5306308A (en) * | 1989-10-23 | 1994-04-26 | Ulrich Gross | Intervertebral implant |
US5344459A (en) * | 1991-12-03 | 1994-09-06 | Swartz Stephen J | Arthroscopically implantable prosthesis |
US5425772A (en) * | 1993-09-20 | 1995-06-20 | Brantigan; John W. | Prosthetic implant for intervertebral spinal fusion |
US5458638A (en) * | 1989-07-06 | 1995-10-17 | Spine-Tech, Inc. | Non-threaded spinal implant |
US5458643A (en) * | 1991-03-29 | 1995-10-17 | Kyocera Corporation | Artificial intervertebral disc |
US5514180A (en) * | 1994-01-14 | 1996-05-07 | Heggeness; Michael H. | Prosthetic intervertebral devices |
US5534028A (en) * | 1993-04-20 | 1996-07-09 | Howmedica, Inc. | Hydrogel intervertebral disc nucleus with diminished lateral bulging |
US5534030A (en) * | 1993-02-09 | 1996-07-09 | Acromed Corporation | Spine disc |
US5545229A (en) * | 1988-08-18 | 1996-08-13 | University Of Medicine And Dentistry Of Nj | Functional and biocompatible intervertebral disc spacer containing elastomeric material of varying hardness |
US5556379A (en) * | 1994-08-19 | 1996-09-17 | Lifenet Research Foundation | Process for cleaning large bone grafts and bone grafts produced thereby |
US5571192A (en) * | 1994-07-02 | 1996-11-05 | Heinrich Ulrich | Prosthetic vertebral implant |
US5593409A (en) * | 1988-06-13 | 1997-01-14 | Sofamor Danek Group, Inc. | Interbody spinal fusion implants |
US5609637A (en) * | 1993-07-09 | 1997-03-11 | Biedermann; Lutz | Space keeper, in particular for an intervertebral disk |
US5645598A (en) * | 1996-01-16 | 1997-07-08 | Smith & Nephew, Inc. | Spinal fusion device with porous material |
US5653762A (en) * | 1994-03-18 | 1997-08-05 | Pisharodi; Madhavan | Method of stabilizing adjacent vertebrae with rotating, lockable, middle-expanded intervertebral disk stabilizer |
US5658337A (en) * | 1994-05-23 | 1997-08-19 | Spine-Tech, Inc. | Intervertebral fusion implant |
US5674295A (en) * | 1994-10-17 | 1997-10-07 | Raymedica, Inc. | Prosthetic spinal disc nucleus |
US5676702A (en) * | 1994-12-16 | 1997-10-14 | Tornier S.A. | Elastic disc prosthesis |
US5720748A (en) * | 1993-02-10 | 1998-02-24 | Spine-Tech, Inc. | Spinal stabilization surgical apparatus |
US5722977A (en) * | 1996-01-24 | 1998-03-03 | Danek Medical, Inc. | Method and means for anterior lumbar exact cut with quadrilateral osteotome and precision guide/spacer |
US5725579A (en) * | 1992-12-21 | 1998-03-10 | Bioland | Process for treating bone tissue and corresponding implantable biomaterials |
US5728159A (en) * | 1997-01-02 | 1998-03-17 | Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation | Serrated bone graft |
US5741253A (en) * | 1988-06-13 | 1998-04-21 | Michelson; Gary Karlin | Method for inserting spinal implants |
US5755798A (en) * | 1995-10-26 | 1998-05-26 | Artos Medizinische Produkte Gmbh | Intervertebral implant |
US5766252A (en) * | 1995-01-24 | 1998-06-16 | Osteonics Corp. | Interbody spinal prosthetic implant and method |
US5776199A (en) * | 1988-06-28 | 1998-07-07 | Sofamor Danek Properties | Artificial spinal fusion implants |
US5797871A (en) * | 1994-08-19 | 1998-08-25 | Lifenet Research Foundation | Ultrasonic cleaning of allograft bone |
US5814084A (en) * | 1996-01-16 | 1998-09-29 | University Of Florida Tissue Bank, Inc. | Diaphysial cortical dowel |
US5824094A (en) * | 1997-10-17 | 1998-10-20 | Acromed Corporation | Spinal disc |
US5861041A (en) * | 1997-04-07 | 1999-01-19 | Arthit Sitiso | Intervertebral disk prosthesis and method of making the same |
US5860973A (en) * | 1995-02-27 | 1999-01-19 | Michelson; Gary Karlin | Translateral spinal implant |
US5865845A (en) * | 1996-03-05 | 1999-02-02 | Thalgott; John S. | Prosthetic intervertebral disc |
US5876457A (en) * | 1997-05-20 | 1999-03-02 | George J. Picha | Spinal implant |
US5888227A (en) * | 1995-10-20 | 1999-03-30 | Synthes (U.S.A.) | Inter-vertebral implant |
US5888226A (en) * | 1997-11-12 | 1999-03-30 | Rogozinski; Chaim | Intervertebral prosthetic disc |
US5888222A (en) * | 1995-10-16 | 1999-03-30 | Sdgi Holding, Inc. | Intervertebral spacers |
US5888223A (en) * | 1995-12-08 | 1999-03-30 | Bray, Jr.; Robert S. | Anterior stabilization device |
US5888224A (en) * | 1993-09-21 | 1999-03-30 | Synthesis (U.S.A.) | Implant for intervertebral space |
US5888228A (en) * | 1995-10-20 | 1999-03-30 | Synthes (U.S.A.) | Intervertebral implant with cage and rotating element |
US5897556A (en) * | 1997-06-02 | 1999-04-27 | Sdgi Holdings, Inc. | Device for supporting weak bony structures |
US5897593A (en) * | 1997-03-06 | 1999-04-27 | Sulzer Spine-Tech Inc. | Lordotic spinal implant |
US5961554A (en) * | 1996-12-31 | 1999-10-05 | Janson; Frank S | Intervertebral spacer |
US5972368A (en) * | 1997-06-11 | 1999-10-26 | Sdgi Holdings, Inc. | Bone graft composites and spacers |
US5989289A (en) * | 1995-10-16 | 1999-11-23 | Sdgi Holdings, Inc. | Bone grafts |
US6022376A (en) * | 1997-06-06 | 2000-02-08 | Raymedica, Inc. | Percutaneous prosthetic spinal disc nucleus and method of manufacture |
US6045580A (en) * | 1996-09-06 | 2000-04-04 | Osteotech, Inc. | Fusion implant device and method of use |
US6059829A (en) * | 1995-03-08 | 2000-05-09 | Synthese | Intervertebral implant |
US6080158A (en) * | 1999-08-23 | 2000-06-27 | Lin; Chih-I | Intervertebral fusion device |
US6093205A (en) * | 1997-06-25 | 2000-07-25 | Bridport-Gundry Plc C/O Pearsalls Implants | Surgical implant |
US6117174A (en) * | 1998-09-16 | 2000-09-12 | Nolan; Wesley A. | Spinal implant device |
US6132465A (en) * | 1998-06-04 | 2000-10-17 | Raymedica, Inc. | Tapered prosthetic spinal disc nucleus |
US6139579A (en) * | 1997-10-31 | 2000-10-31 | Depuy Motech Acromed, Inc. | Spinal disc |
US6143033A (en) * | 1998-01-30 | 2000-11-07 | Synthes (Usa) | Allogenic intervertebral implant |
US6143032A (en) * | 1997-11-12 | 2000-11-07 | Schafer Micomed Gmbh | Intervertebral implant |
US6143031A (en) * | 1995-10-20 | 2000-11-07 | Synthes (U.S.A.) | Intervertebral implant with compressible shaped hollow element |
US6174311B1 (en) * | 1998-10-28 | 2001-01-16 | Sdgi Holdings, Inc. | Interbody fusion grafts and instrumentation |
US6179874B1 (en) * | 1998-04-23 | 2001-01-30 | Cauthen Research Group, Inc. | Articulating spinal implant |
US6179873B1 (en) * | 1995-08-11 | 2001-01-30 | Bernhard Zientek | Intervertebral implant, process for widening and instruments for implanting an intervertebral implant |
US6210412B1 (en) * | 1988-06-13 | 2001-04-03 | Gary Karlin Michelson | Method for inserting frusto-conical interbody spinal fusion implants |
US6217579B1 (en) * | 1994-07-22 | 2001-04-17 | Tibor Koros | Expandable spinal implants |
US20010000532A1 (en) * | 1996-07-31 | 2001-04-26 | Michelson Gary K. | Milling instrumentation and method for preparing a space between adjacent vertebral bodies |
US20010001129A1 (en) * | 1997-12-10 | 2001-05-10 | Mckay William F. | Osteogenic fusion device |
US6235059B1 (en) * | 1996-04-03 | 2001-05-22 | Scient'x (Societe A Responsabilite Limitee) | Intersomatic setting and fusion system |
US6245072B1 (en) * | 1995-03-27 | 2001-06-12 | Sdgi Holdings, Inc. | Methods and instruments for interbody fusion |
US6245108B1 (en) * | 1999-02-25 | 2001-06-12 | Spineco | Spinal fusion implant |
US6258125B1 (en) * | 1998-08-03 | 2001-07-10 | Synthes (U.S.A.) | Intervertebral allograft spacer |
US6264655B1 (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 2001-07-24 | Madhavan Pisharodi | Cervical disk and spinal stabilizer |
US6264656B1 (en) * | 1988-06-13 | 2001-07-24 | Gary Karlin Michelson | Threaded spinal implant |
US6277149B1 (en) * | 1999-06-08 | 2001-08-21 | Osteotech, Inc. | Ramp-shaped intervertebral implant |
US6296641B2 (en) * | 1998-04-03 | 2001-10-02 | Bionx Implants Oy | Anatomical fixation implant |
US6296647B1 (en) * | 1998-08-07 | 2001-10-02 | Stryker Trauma Gmbh | Instrument for the positioning of an implant in the human spine |
US6302914B1 (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 2001-10-16 | Gary Karlin Michelson | Lordotic interbody spinal fusion implants |
US6306170B2 (en) * | 1997-04-25 | 2001-10-23 | Tegementa, L.L.C. | Threaded fusion cage anchoring device and method |
US6309421B1 (en) * | 1994-03-18 | 2001-10-30 | Madhavan Pisharodi | Rotating, locking intervertebral disk stabilizer and applicator |
US20020045904A1 (en) * | 1999-01-30 | 2002-04-18 | Aesculap Ag & Co. Kg | Surgical instrument for introducing intervertebral implants |
US6387130B1 (en) * | 1999-04-16 | 2002-05-14 | Nuvasive, Inc. | Segmented linked intervertebral implant systems |
US6402785B1 (en) * | 1999-06-04 | 2002-06-11 | Sdgi Holdings, Inc. | Artificial disc implant |
US20030074081A1 (en) * | 2000-09-22 | 2003-04-17 | Ayers Reed A. | Non-uniform porosity tissue implant |
Family Cites Families (28)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1129A (en) * | 1839-04-20 | hillyer | ||
US532A (en) * | 1837-12-26 | Machine for reducing and cutting dye woods and bark | ||
DE2649042B1 (en) * | 1976-10-28 | 1978-01-05 | Ulrich Max Bernhard | Corrective implant for anterior derotation spondylodesis and device for adjusting the corrective implant |
JPS579912U (en) * | 1980-06-18 | 1982-01-19 | ||
US4627853A (en) | 1985-05-29 | 1986-12-09 | American Hospital Supply Corporation | Method of producing prostheses for replacement of articular cartilage and prostheses so produced |
US4843757A (en) * | 1986-04-18 | 1989-07-04 | Hara Jr James C O | Root ball watering device |
US4714469A (en) | 1987-02-26 | 1987-12-22 | Pfizer Hospital Products Group, Inc. | Spinal implant |
AU624627B2 (en) | 1988-08-18 | 1992-06-18 | Johnson & Johnson Orthopaedics, Inc. | Functional and biocompatible intervertebral disc spacer containing elastomeric material of varying hardness |
CA1318469C (en) | 1989-02-15 | 1993-06-01 | Acromed Corporation | Artificial disc |
US5320644A (en) | 1991-08-30 | 1994-06-14 | Sulzer Brothers Limited | Intervertebral disk prosthesis |
JP3350080B2 (en) * | 1992-01-31 | 2002-11-25 | 京セラ株式会社 | Artificial vertebral body spacer |
DE9216092U1 (en) * | 1992-11-26 | 1993-01-14 | S + G Implants Gmbh, 2400 Luebeck, De | |
US5674296A (en) | 1994-11-14 | 1997-10-07 | Spinal Dynamics Corporation | Human spinal disc prosthesis |
DE19504867C1 (en) | 1995-02-14 | 1996-02-29 | Harms Juergen | Position retainer for spine |
US5702449A (en) | 1995-06-07 | 1997-12-30 | Danek Medical, Inc. | Reinforced porous spinal implants |
FR2736537A1 (en) * | 1995-07-12 | 1997-01-17 | Vila Thierry | Intersomatic implant for restoring normal anatomical space between vertebrae, to relieve pressure on nerve roots |
JP3692169B2 (en) * | 1995-10-31 | 2005-09-07 | 京セラ株式会社 | Artificial intervertebral spacer |
US5767702A (en) * | 1996-06-07 | 1998-06-16 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Switched pull down emitter coupled logic circuits |
JP4025385B2 (en) * | 1996-12-06 | 2007-12-19 | 東レ・ダウコーニング株式会社 | Method for producing organopentasiloxane |
US5702455A (en) | 1996-07-03 | 1997-12-30 | Saggar; Rahul | Expandable prosthesis for spinal fusion |
US6050829A (en) * | 1996-08-28 | 2000-04-18 | Formfactor, Inc. | Making discrete power connections to a space transformer of a probe card assembly |
US6149651A (en) | 1997-06-02 | 2000-11-21 | Sdgi Holdings, Inc. | Device for supporting weak bony structures |
US6080168A (en) * | 1997-08-28 | 2000-06-27 | Levin; John M. | Compression pad for laparoscopic/thorascopic surgery |
US6162252A (en) | 1997-12-12 | 2000-12-19 | Depuy Acromed, Inc. | Artificial spinal disc |
US6136031A (en) | 1998-06-17 | 2000-10-24 | Surgical Dynamics, Inc. | Artificial intervertebral disc |
US6159244A (en) | 1999-07-30 | 2000-12-12 | Suddaby; Loubert | Expandable variable angle intervertebral fusion implant |
US6146422A (en) | 1999-01-25 | 2000-11-14 | Lawson; Kevin Jon | Prosthetic nucleus replacement for surgical reconstruction of intervertebral discs and treatment method |
US6648915B2 (en) * | 1999-12-23 | 2003-11-18 | John A. Sazy | Intervertebral cage and method of use |
-
2000
- 2000-06-12 US US09/592,072 patent/US6579318B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-06-12 EP EP01942179A patent/EP1294321A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-06-12 WO PCT/US2001/018829 patent/WO2001095838A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-06-12 AU AU2001275467A patent/AU2001275467A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2002
- 2002-01-22 US US10/055,783 patent/US6852127B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-01-22 US US10/055,673 patent/US20020065560A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2004
- 2004-03-31 US US10/814,352 patent/US20040186574A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-03-31 US US10/814,389 patent/US20040186575A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2006
- 2006-01-06 US US11/327,298 patent/US20060212119A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (99)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4479491A (en) * | 1982-07-26 | 1984-10-30 | Martin Felix M | Intervertebral stabilization implant |
US4678470A (en) * | 1985-05-29 | 1987-07-07 | American Hospital Supply Corporation | Bone-grafting material |
US5053049A (en) * | 1985-05-29 | 1991-10-01 | Baxter International | Flexible prostheses of predetermined shapes and process for making same |
US4717469A (en) * | 1986-10-29 | 1988-01-05 | Anton Pirc | Device for scavenging metal from earth deposits |
US4932969A (en) * | 1987-01-08 | 1990-06-12 | Sulzer Brothers Limited | Joint endoprosthesis |
US4834757A (en) * | 1987-01-22 | 1989-05-30 | Brantigan John W | Prosthetic implant |
US4863477A (en) * | 1987-05-12 | 1989-09-05 | Monson Gary L | Synthetic intervertebral disc prosthesis |
US4904261A (en) * | 1987-08-06 | 1990-02-27 | A. W. Showell (Surgicraft) Limited | Spinal implants |
US4950296A (en) * | 1988-04-07 | 1990-08-21 | Mcintyre Jonathan L | Bone grafting units |
US6210412B1 (en) * | 1988-06-13 | 2001-04-03 | Gary Karlin Michelson | Method for inserting frusto-conical interbody spinal fusion implants |
US5593409A (en) * | 1988-06-13 | 1997-01-14 | Sofamor Danek Group, Inc. | Interbody spinal fusion implants |
US6264656B1 (en) * | 1988-06-13 | 2001-07-24 | Gary Karlin Michelson | Threaded spinal implant |
US5741253A (en) * | 1988-06-13 | 1998-04-21 | Michelson; Gary Karlin | Method for inserting spinal implants |
US5785710A (en) * | 1988-06-13 | 1998-07-28 | Sofamor Danek Group, Inc. | Interbody spinal fusion implants |
US5776199A (en) * | 1988-06-28 | 1998-07-07 | Sofamor Danek Properties | Artificial spinal fusion implants |
US5545229A (en) * | 1988-08-18 | 1996-08-13 | University Of Medicine And Dentistry Of Nj | Functional and biocompatible intervertebral disc spacer containing elastomeric material of varying hardness |
US5458638A (en) * | 1989-07-06 | 1995-10-17 | Spine-Tech, Inc. | Non-threaded spinal implant |
US5306308A (en) * | 1989-10-23 | 1994-04-26 | Ulrich Gross | Intervertebral implant |
US5092893A (en) * | 1990-09-04 | 1992-03-03 | Smith Thomas E | Human orthopedic vertebra implant |
US5192326A (en) * | 1990-12-21 | 1993-03-09 | Pfizer Hospital Products Group, Inc. | Hydrogel bead intervertebral disc nucleus |
US5123926A (en) * | 1991-02-22 | 1992-06-23 | Madhavan Pisharodi | Artificial spinal prosthesis |
US5275954A (en) * | 1991-03-05 | 1994-01-04 | Lifenet | Process for demineralization of bone using column extraction |
US5192327A (en) * | 1991-03-22 | 1993-03-09 | Brantigan John W | Surgical prosthetic implant for vertebrae |
US5458643A (en) * | 1991-03-29 | 1995-10-17 | Kyocera Corporation | Artificial intervertebral disc |
US5306303A (en) * | 1991-11-19 | 1994-04-26 | The Medical College Of Wisconsin, Inc. | Bone induction method |
US5344459A (en) * | 1991-12-03 | 1994-09-06 | Swartz Stephen J | Arthroscopically implantable prosthesis |
US5306309A (en) * | 1992-05-04 | 1994-04-26 | Calcitek, Inc. | Spinal disk implant and implantation kit |
US5725579A (en) * | 1992-12-21 | 1998-03-10 | Bioland | Process for treating bone tissue and corresponding implantable biomaterials |
US5534030A (en) * | 1993-02-09 | 1996-07-09 | Acromed Corporation | Spine disc |
US5720748A (en) * | 1993-02-10 | 1998-02-24 | Spine-Tech, Inc. | Spinal stabilization surgical apparatus |
US5534028A (en) * | 1993-04-20 | 1996-07-09 | Howmedica, Inc. | Hydrogel intervertebral disc nucleus with diminished lateral bulging |
US5609637A (en) * | 1993-07-09 | 1997-03-11 | Biedermann; Lutz | Space keeper, in particular for an intervertebral disk |
US5425772A (en) * | 1993-09-20 | 1995-06-20 | Brantigan; John W. | Prosthetic implant for intervertebral spinal fusion |
US5888224A (en) * | 1993-09-21 | 1999-03-30 | Synthesis (U.S.A.) | Implant for intervertebral space |
US5514180A (en) * | 1994-01-14 | 1996-05-07 | Heggeness; Michael H. | Prosthetic intervertebral devices |
US6309421B1 (en) * | 1994-03-18 | 2001-10-30 | Madhavan Pisharodi | Rotating, locking intervertebral disk stabilizer and applicator |
US5653762A (en) * | 1994-03-18 | 1997-08-05 | Pisharodi; Madhavan | Method of stabilizing adjacent vertebrae with rotating, lockable, middle-expanded intervertebral disk stabilizer |
US5658337A (en) * | 1994-05-23 | 1997-08-19 | Spine-Tech, Inc. | Intervertebral fusion implant |
US5571192A (en) * | 1994-07-02 | 1996-11-05 | Heinrich Ulrich | Prosthetic vertebral implant |
US6217579B1 (en) * | 1994-07-22 | 2001-04-17 | Tibor Koros | Expandable spinal implants |
US5556379A (en) * | 1994-08-19 | 1996-09-17 | Lifenet Research Foundation | Process for cleaning large bone grafts and bone grafts produced thereby |
US5797871A (en) * | 1994-08-19 | 1998-08-25 | Lifenet Research Foundation | Ultrasonic cleaning of allograft bone |
US5820581A (en) * | 1994-08-19 | 1998-10-13 | Lifenet Research Foundation | Process for cleaning large bone grafts and bone grafts produced thereby |
US5674295A (en) * | 1994-10-17 | 1997-10-07 | Raymedica, Inc. | Prosthetic spinal disc nucleus |
US5676702A (en) * | 1994-12-16 | 1997-10-14 | Tornier S.A. | Elastic disc prosthesis |
US5766252A (en) * | 1995-01-24 | 1998-06-16 | Osteonics Corp. | Interbody spinal prosthetic implant and method |
US5860973A (en) * | 1995-02-27 | 1999-01-19 | Michelson; Gary Karlin | Translateral spinal implant |
US6059829A (en) * | 1995-03-08 | 2000-05-09 | Synthese | Intervertebral implant |
US6245072B1 (en) * | 1995-03-27 | 2001-06-12 | Sdgi Holdings, Inc. | Methods and instruments for interbody fusion |
US6302914B1 (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 2001-10-16 | Gary Karlin Michelson | Lordotic interbody spinal fusion implants |
US6264655B1 (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 2001-07-24 | Madhavan Pisharodi | Cervical disk and spinal stabilizer |
US6179873B1 (en) * | 1995-08-11 | 2001-01-30 | Bernhard Zientek | Intervertebral implant, process for widening and instruments for implanting an intervertebral implant |
US5888222A (en) * | 1995-10-16 | 1999-03-30 | Sdgi Holding, Inc. | Intervertebral spacers |
US5989289A (en) * | 1995-10-16 | 1999-11-23 | Sdgi Holdings, Inc. | Bone grafts |
US5888228A (en) * | 1995-10-20 | 1999-03-30 | Synthes (U.S.A.) | Intervertebral implant with cage and rotating element |
US5888227A (en) * | 1995-10-20 | 1999-03-30 | Synthes (U.S.A.) | Inter-vertebral implant |
US6143031A (en) * | 1995-10-20 | 2000-11-07 | Synthes (U.S.A.) | Intervertebral implant with compressible shaped hollow element |
US5755798A (en) * | 1995-10-26 | 1998-05-26 | Artos Medizinische Produkte Gmbh | Intervertebral implant |
US5888223A (en) * | 1995-12-08 | 1999-03-30 | Bray, Jr.; Robert S. | Anterior stabilization device |
US5814084A (en) * | 1996-01-16 | 1998-09-29 | University Of Florida Tissue Bank, Inc. | Diaphysial cortical dowel |
US5766253A (en) * | 1996-01-16 | 1998-06-16 | Surgical Dynamics, Inc. | Spinal fusion device |
US5645598A (en) * | 1996-01-16 | 1997-07-08 | Smith & Nephew, Inc. | Spinal fusion device with porous material |
US6096081A (en) * | 1996-01-16 | 2000-08-01 | University Of Florida Tissue Bank, Inc. | Diaphysial cortical dowel |
US5722977A (en) * | 1996-01-24 | 1998-03-03 | Danek Medical, Inc. | Method and means for anterior lumbar exact cut with quadrilateral osteotome and precision guide/spacer |
US5865845A (en) * | 1996-03-05 | 1999-02-02 | Thalgott; John S. | Prosthetic intervertebral disc |
US6235059B1 (en) * | 1996-04-03 | 2001-05-22 | Scient'x (Societe A Responsabilite Limitee) | Intersomatic setting and fusion system |
US20010000532A1 (en) * | 1996-07-31 | 2001-04-26 | Michelson Gary K. | Milling instrumentation and method for preparing a space between adjacent vertebral bodies |
US6045580A (en) * | 1996-09-06 | 2000-04-04 | Osteotech, Inc. | Fusion implant device and method of use |
US5961554A (en) * | 1996-12-31 | 1999-10-05 | Janson; Frank S | Intervertebral spacer |
US5728159A (en) * | 1997-01-02 | 1998-03-17 | Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation | Serrated bone graft |
US5897593A (en) * | 1997-03-06 | 1999-04-27 | Sulzer Spine-Tech Inc. | Lordotic spinal implant |
US5861041A (en) * | 1997-04-07 | 1999-01-19 | Arthit Sitiso | Intervertebral disk prosthesis and method of making the same |
US6306170B2 (en) * | 1997-04-25 | 2001-10-23 | Tegementa, L.L.C. | Threaded fusion cage anchoring device and method |
US5876457A (en) * | 1997-05-20 | 1999-03-02 | George J. Picha | Spinal implant |
US5897556A (en) * | 1997-06-02 | 1999-04-27 | Sdgi Holdings, Inc. | Device for supporting weak bony structures |
US6022376A (en) * | 1997-06-06 | 2000-02-08 | Raymedica, Inc. | Percutaneous prosthetic spinal disc nucleus and method of manufacture |
US6261586B1 (en) * | 1997-06-11 | 2001-07-17 | Sdgi Holdings, Inc. | Bone graft composites and spacers |
US5972368A (en) * | 1997-06-11 | 1999-10-26 | Sdgi Holdings, Inc. | Bone graft composites and spacers |
US6093205A (en) * | 1997-06-25 | 2000-07-25 | Bridport-Gundry Plc C/O Pearsalls Implants | Surgical implant |
US5824094A (en) * | 1997-10-17 | 1998-10-20 | Acromed Corporation | Spinal disc |
US6139579A (en) * | 1997-10-31 | 2000-10-31 | Depuy Motech Acromed, Inc. | Spinal disc |
US5888226A (en) * | 1997-11-12 | 1999-03-30 | Rogozinski; Chaim | Intervertebral prosthetic disc |
US6143032A (en) * | 1997-11-12 | 2000-11-07 | Schafer Micomed Gmbh | Intervertebral implant |
US20010001129A1 (en) * | 1997-12-10 | 2001-05-10 | Mckay William F. | Osteogenic fusion device |
US6143033A (en) * | 1998-01-30 | 2000-11-07 | Synthes (Usa) | Allogenic intervertebral implant |
US6296641B2 (en) * | 1998-04-03 | 2001-10-02 | Bionx Implants Oy | Anatomical fixation implant |
US6179874B1 (en) * | 1998-04-23 | 2001-01-30 | Cauthen Research Group, Inc. | Articulating spinal implant |
US6132465A (en) * | 1998-06-04 | 2000-10-17 | Raymedica, Inc. | Tapered prosthetic spinal disc nucleus |
US6258125B1 (en) * | 1998-08-03 | 2001-07-10 | Synthes (U.S.A.) | Intervertebral allograft spacer |
US6296647B1 (en) * | 1998-08-07 | 2001-10-02 | Stryker Trauma Gmbh | Instrument for the positioning of an implant in the human spine |
US6117174A (en) * | 1998-09-16 | 2000-09-12 | Nolan; Wesley A. | Spinal implant device |
US6174311B1 (en) * | 1998-10-28 | 2001-01-16 | Sdgi Holdings, Inc. | Interbody fusion grafts and instrumentation |
US20020045904A1 (en) * | 1999-01-30 | 2002-04-18 | Aesculap Ag & Co. Kg | Surgical instrument for introducing intervertebral implants |
US6245108B1 (en) * | 1999-02-25 | 2001-06-12 | Spineco | Spinal fusion implant |
US6387130B1 (en) * | 1999-04-16 | 2002-05-14 | Nuvasive, Inc. | Segmented linked intervertebral implant systems |
US6402785B1 (en) * | 1999-06-04 | 2002-06-11 | Sdgi Holdings, Inc. | Artificial disc implant |
US6277149B1 (en) * | 1999-06-08 | 2001-08-21 | Osteotech, Inc. | Ramp-shaped intervertebral implant |
US6080158A (en) * | 1999-08-23 | 2000-06-27 | Lin; Chih-I | Intervertebral fusion device |
US20030074081A1 (en) * | 2000-09-22 | 2003-04-17 | Ayers Reed A. | Non-uniform porosity tissue implant |
Cited By (22)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20100087821A1 (en) * | 2007-03-22 | 2010-04-08 | Novalign Orthopaedics, Inc. | Fracture fixation device with support rods and sheath |
US8216317B2 (en) | 2008-03-31 | 2012-07-10 | Stryker Spine | Spinal implant apparatus and methods |
US8690926B2 (en) | 2008-03-31 | 2014-04-08 | Stryker Spine | Spinal implant apparatus and methods |
US9060874B2 (en) | 2008-03-31 | 2015-06-23 | Stryker Spine | Spinal implant apparatus and methods |
US20090265008A1 (en) * | 2008-03-31 | 2009-10-22 | Stryker Spine | Spinal implant apparatus and methods |
US9717604B2 (en) | 2008-03-31 | 2017-08-01 | Stryker European Holdings I, Llc | Spinal implant apparatus and methods |
US8172902B2 (en) | 2008-07-17 | 2012-05-08 | Spinemedica, Llc | Spinal interbody spacers |
US9814599B2 (en) | 2009-07-09 | 2017-11-14 | R Tree Innovations, Llc | Inter-body implantation system and method |
US10835386B2 (en) | 2009-07-09 | 2020-11-17 | R Tree Innovations, Llc | Inter-body implantation system and method |
US10806594B2 (en) | 2009-07-09 | 2020-10-20 | R Tree Innovations, Llc | Inter-body implant |
US8828082B2 (en) | 2009-07-09 | 2014-09-09 | R Tree Innovations, Llc | Inter-body implant |
US9877844B2 (en) | 2009-07-09 | 2018-01-30 | R Tree Innovations, Llc | Inter-body implant |
US9445914B2 (en) | 2010-09-30 | 2016-09-20 | Stryker European Holdings I, Llc | Surgical implant with guiding rail |
US9867713B2 (en) | 2010-09-30 | 2018-01-16 | Stryker European Holdings I, Llc | Surgical implant with guiding rail |
US8858637B2 (en) | 2010-09-30 | 2014-10-14 | Stryker Spine | Surgical implant with guiding rail |
US10182919B2 (en) | 2010-09-30 | 2019-01-22 | Stryker European Holdings I, Llc | Surgical implant with guiding rail |
US8603175B2 (en) | 2010-09-30 | 2013-12-10 | Stryker Spine | Method of inserting surgical implant with guiding rail |
US8425529B2 (en) | 2010-09-30 | 2013-04-23 | Stryker Spine | Instrument for inserting surgical implant with guiding rail |
US11076965B2 (en) | 2010-09-30 | 2021-08-03 | Stryker European Operations Holdings Llc | Surgical implant with guiding rail |
US11850159B2 (en) | 2010-09-30 | 2023-12-26 | Stryker European Operations Holdings Llc | Surgical implant with guiding rail |
US10624760B2 (en) | 2017-05-22 | 2020-04-21 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | Spinal implant system and method |
US11446159B2 (en) | 2017-05-22 | 2022-09-20 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | Spinal implant system and method |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20020065558A1 (en) | 2002-05-30 |
US20040186575A1 (en) | 2004-09-23 |
EP1294321A1 (en) | 2003-03-26 |
US20020065560A1 (en) | 2002-05-30 |
US20040186574A1 (en) | 2004-09-23 |
US6852127B2 (en) | 2005-02-08 |
WO2001095838A1 (en) | 2001-12-20 |
US6579318B2 (en) | 2003-06-17 |
US20020077700A1 (en) | 2002-06-20 |
AU2001275467A1 (en) | 2001-12-24 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US20060212119A1 (en) | Intervertebral spacer | |
US11759331B2 (en) | Stabilized expandable intervertebral spacer | |
US20230255788A1 (en) | Articulating expandable intervertebral implant | |
US10285823B2 (en) | Spinal implants | |
KR100488032B1 (en) | Spinal fusion implant | |
US9226834B2 (en) | Spinal fusion implant and related methods | |
US7887595B1 (en) | Methods and apparatus for spinal fusion | |
US7815682B1 (en) | Spinal fusion implant and related methods | |
US9101491B2 (en) | Spinal surgical implant and related methods | |
US20050124993A1 (en) | Facet fusion system | |
US20020099444A1 (en) | Modular interbody fusion implant | |
US20090182428A1 (en) | Flanged interbody device | |
JP2002501782A (en) | Allogeneic intervertebral implant | |
US20090012620A1 (en) | Implantable Cervical Fusion Device | |
JP6596026B2 (en) | Artificial spinal disc replacement and method | |
US20080234825A1 (en) | Modular Lumbar Interbody Fixation Systems and Methods | |
US20090088801A1 (en) | Spinal fixation device and method |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: ORTHO DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION, UTAH Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:VARGA, PETER PAL;OGILVIE, JAMES W.;REEL/FRAME:017953/0990;SIGNING DATES FROM 20060428 TO 20060430 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |