US20060283176A1 - Method and apparatus for regenerating a NOx trap and a particulate trap - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for regenerating a NOx trap and a particulate trap Download PDFInfo
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- US20060283176A1 US20060283176A1 US11/155,943 US15594305A US2006283176A1 US 20060283176 A1 US20060283176 A1 US 20060283176A1 US 15594305 A US15594305 A US 15594305A US 2006283176 A1 US2006283176 A1 US 2006283176A1
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- ratio
- trap
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0821—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with particulate filters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
- F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
- F01N3/025—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust
- F01N3/0253—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust adding fuel to exhaust gases
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0814—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with catalytic converters, e.g. NOx absorption/storage reduction catalysts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
- F01N3/0842—Nitrogen oxides
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0871—Regulation of absorbents or adsorbents, e.g. purging
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/105—General auxiliary catalysts, e.g. upstream or downstream of the main catalyst
- F01N3/106—Auxiliary oxidation catalysts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N9/002—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus of filter regeneration, e.g. detection of clogging
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
- F01N2560/025—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor for measuring or detecting O2, e.g. lambda sensors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
- F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F02D41/027—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F02D41/0275—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus the exhaust gas treating apparatus being a NOx trap or adsorbent
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates generally to methods and apparatus for treatment of emissions present in exhaust gas.
- Emission abatement devices are used to treat emissions present in exhaust gas. For example, there are NOx traps and particulate traps. NOx traps are used to trap oxides of nitrogen (i.e., NOx) and particulate traps are used to trap particulate matter. From time to time, the NOx traps and particulate traps are “regenerated” to purge them of the components trapped thereby for further use of the traps.
- NOx traps are used to trap oxides of nitrogen (i.e., NOx) and particulate traps are used to trap particulate matter. From time to time, the NOx traps and particulate traps are “regenerated” to purge them of the components trapped thereby for further use of the traps.
- an apparatus comprising an emission abatement device and a ratio oscillator.
- the emission abatement device comprises a NOx trap and a particulate trap.
- the ratio oscillator is configured to oscillate a ratio of the oxygen content and regenerative agent content of a flow advanced to the emission abatement device so as to alternately partially regenerate the NOx trap and the particulate trap for a plurality of cycles.
- FIG. 1 is a simplified block diagram showing an apparatus for oscillating injection of a regenerative agent into a flow of exhaust gas for regeneration of a downstream NOx trap and particulate trap of an emission abatement device;
- FIG. 2 is an exemplary graph showing oscillation of a ratio of the oxygen content and regenerative agent content of the exhaust gas flow advanced to the emission abatement device.
- FIG. 1 there is shown an apparatus 10 for regenerating a NOx trap 12 and a particulate trap 14 of an emission abatement device 16 .
- the traps 12 , 14 may be separate components as in option 1 of FIG. 1 or may be portions of an integrated device as in option 2 of FIG. 1 .
- the apparatus 10 includes a ratio oscillator 18 .
- the ratio oscillator 18 is configured to oscillate a ratio of the oxygen content and regenerative agent content of a flow advanced to the emission abatement device 16 so as to alternately partially regenerate the NOx trap 12 and the particulate trap 14 for a plurality of cycles until completion of regeneration of the traps 12 , 14 .
- a given quantity of regenerative agent is used to regenerate both the NOx trap 12 and the particulate trap 14 .
- Performance of such “double duty” by a given quantity of regenerative agent reduces overall consumption of the regenerative agent.
- by dividing regeneration of the particulate trap 14 into a plurality of events a potentially damaging increase in the temperature of the particulate trap 14 is avoided.
- the ratio oscillator 18 oscillates the ratio of the flow advanced to the emission abatement device 16 between higher and lower agent levels (e.g., between relatively agent-rich and relatively agent-lean levels).
- the NOx trap 12 is partially regenerated with the regenerative agent each time that the ratio is at a higher agent level.
- an oxidation catalyst 19 (“OC”) such as a diesel oxidation catalyst, upstream from or integrated with the particulate trap 14 oxidizes a portion of the regenerative agent to generate heat and elevate the temperature of the particulate trap 14 each time that the ratio is at a higher agent level.
- the oxidation catalyst 19 oxidizes regenerative agent so as to generate heat for elevating the temperature of the particulate trap 14 whenever there is oxygen and an amount of regenerative agent at the catalyst 19 (i.e., not just when the regenerative agent is at a higher agent level).
- each partial regeneration cycle includes commencing partial regeneration of the NOx trap 12 and interrupting partial regeneration of the particulate trap 14 upon commencement of partial regeneration of the NOx trap 12 .
- Each partial regeneration cycle further includes commencing partial regeneration of the particulate trap 14 and interrupting partial regeneration of the NOx trap 12 upon commencement of partial regeneration of the particulate trap 14 .
- the regenerative agent thus serves as a NOx-reducing agent for reducing NOx at the NOx trap 12 and serves as an oxidizable agent to be oxidized at the catalyst 19 to generate heat for regeneration of the particulate trap 14 .
- the agent may take a variety of forms.
- the agent may be a hydrocarbon fuel (e.g., diesel, gasoline, propane, alcohol, methanol), hydrogen (H 2 ), carbon monoxide (CO), and/or other fuels.
- the ratio of the oxygen content and the regenerative agent content of the flow may be the “lambda value” or corresponding air-to-fuel ratio of the flow advanced to the emission abatement device 16 .
- the particulate trap 14 may be positioned upstream from the NOx trap 12 .
- the catalyst 19 may be positioned upstream from the particulate trap 14 or integrated into the particulate trap 14 .
- the catalyst 19 may be a separate component upstream from the integrated device or integrated into the integrated device.
- Carbon monoxide (CO) may be generated as a by-product of each partial regeneration of the particulate trap 14 (i.e., during each phase involving lower levels of regenerative agent such as agent-lean phases). CO is useful as a reducing agent to reduce NOx in the NOx trap 12 .
- each partial regeneration of the particulate trap 14 generates heat which raises the temperature of the NOx trap 12 (e.g., to about 600° C.). Such temperature elevation of the NOx trap 12 facilitates desulfation of the NOx trap 12 during phases involving higher levels of regenerative agent (e.g., agent-rich phases).
- FIG. 2 there is shown a graph illustrating oscillation of the ratio of the oxygen content and regenerative agent content of the flow over time.
- the ratio is shown in FIG. 2 as both the agent-to-oxygen ratio (solid line) to highlight the regenerative agent content and as the inverse oxygen-to-agent ratio (dashed line) to highlight the oxygen content.
- an increase in the agent-to-oxygen ratio represents an increase in the regenerative agent content of the flow delivered to the emission abatement device 16 .
- an increase in the oxygen-to-agent ratio represents an increase in the oxygen content of the flow delivered to the emission abatement device 16 .
- the ratio waveform is generally sinusoidal. It is within the scope of this disclosure for the ratio waveform to be other than sinusoidal (e.g., a step waveform or near step waveform). Regardless of the particular shape of the ratio waveform, the ratio waveform has a plurality of adjacent peaks 20 and valleys 22 , each adjacent peak and valley producing one cycle. Such peaks 20 and valleys 22 in the ratio waveform achieve oscillation of the ratio to alternately partially regenerate the NOx trap 12 and particulate trap 14 for the plurality of cycles until completion of regeneration of the traps 12 , 14 .
- the emission abatement device 16 is contained in an exhaust gas passageway 24 for conducting exhaust gas (“EG”) through the traps 12 , 14 .
- the exhaust gas is generated by an exhaust gas source such as an internal combustion engine 26 (e.g., diesel engine) fluidly coupled to the passageway 24 .
- the ratio oscillator 18 is configured, for example, as an agent injection system that is fluidly coupled to the passageway 24 and that oscillates injection of regenerative agent into exhaust gas flowing through the passageway 24 between higher and lower agent levels so as to alternately partially regenerate the NOx trap 12 and the particulate trap 14 for the plurality of cycles.
- the regenerative agent delivered to the emission abatement device 16 is thus a combination of the injected regenerative agent and any regenerative agent already present in the exhaust gas [e.g., unburned hydrocarbon fuel, hydrogen (H 2 ), carbon monoxide (CO)]. It is within the scope of this disclosure for the lower agent level to be zero or non-zero.
- the ratio oscillator 18 includes a controller 27 electrically coupled to a flow control device 28 via an electrical line 29 and electrically coupled to a pump 30 via an electrical line 31 .
- the controller 27 is configured to control operation of the pump 30 to cause regenerative agent to be pumped from an agent supply 32 past the flow control device 28 and injected into the exhaust gas passageway 20 .
- the controller 27 is configured to control operation of the flow control device 28 to cause the flow control device 28 to oscillate injection of the regenerative agent into the passageway 20 between higher and lower agent levels, thereby oscillating the ratio of the oxygen content and regenerative agent content of the exhaust gas flow in the passageway 20 to the emission abatement device 16 .
- the flow control device 28 is a valve.
- the valve may take a variety of configurations.
- it may be a rotatable flapper valve.
- it may be a solenoid valve movable between opened and closed positions in response to energization and de-energization of the solenoid valve.
- the agent supply 32 may be a fuel supply to supply fuel. More particularly, the agent supply 32 may be a hydrocarbon fuel supply to supply hydrocarbon fuel, a hydrogen supply to supply to H 2 , and/or a CO supply to supply CO. In the particular case where the engine 22 is a diesel engine onboard a vehicle, the supply 32 may be a diesel fuel supply due to the ready availability of diesel fuel already onboard the vehicle.
- the ratio oscillator 18 may be coupled to the engine 26 by a line 40 to inject the regenerative agent into one or more cylinders of the engine 26 in addition to or instead of injecting the regenerative agent into the exhaust gas passageway 24 .
- the ratio oscillator 18 may inject the regenerative agent into exhaust gas present in the cylinder(s) just before the exhaust gas is discharged from the cylinder(s). The regenerative agent is thus discharged from the engine 26 with the exhaust gas into the exhaust gas passageway 24 for delivery to the emission abatement device 16 .
- the ratio oscillator 18 to oscillate injection of regenerative agent into exhaust gas of the engine 26 in response to at least one of a flow of air introduced into the engine 26 , an engine out lambda value measured by a lambda sensor 42 electrically coupled to the controller 27 by an electrical line 44 , and an engine map 46 of the engine 26 .
- the engine map 46 may be integrated into the controller 27 or be separate from the controller 27 as part of some other device such as the engine control unit. It is within the scope of this disclosure for the controller 27 to be integrated into or be separate from the engine control unit.
Abstract
An apparatus comprises an emission abatement device and a ratio oscillator. The emission abatement device comprises a NOx trap and a particulate trap. The ratio oscillator is configured to oscillate a ratio of the oxygen content and regenerative agent content of a flow advanced to the emission abatement device so as to alternately partially regenerate the NOx trap and the particulate trap for a plurality of cycles. An associated method is disclosed.
Description
- The present disclosure relates generally to methods and apparatus for treatment of emissions present in exhaust gas.
- Emission abatement devices are used to treat emissions present in exhaust gas. For example, there are NOx traps and particulate traps. NOx traps are used to trap oxides of nitrogen (i.e., NOx) and particulate traps are used to trap particulate matter. From time to time, the NOx traps and particulate traps are “regenerated” to purge them of the components trapped thereby for further use of the traps.
- According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an apparatus comprising an emission abatement device and a ratio oscillator. The emission abatement device comprises a NOx trap and a particulate trap. The ratio oscillator is configured to oscillate a ratio of the oxygen content and regenerative agent content of a flow advanced to the emission abatement device so as to alternately partially regenerate the NOx trap and the particulate trap for a plurality of cycles. An associated method is disclosed.
- The above and other features of the present disclosure will become apparent from the following description and the attached drawings.
-
FIG. 1 is a simplified block diagram showing an apparatus for oscillating injection of a regenerative agent into a flow of exhaust gas for regeneration of a downstream NOx trap and particulate trap of an emission abatement device; and -
FIG. 2 is an exemplary graph showing oscillation of a ratio of the oxygen content and regenerative agent content of the exhaust gas flow advanced to the emission abatement device. - While the concepts of the present disclosure are susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific exemplary embodiments thereof have been shown by way of example in the drawings and will herein be described in detail. It should be understood, however, that there is no intent to limit the disclosure to the particular forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives following within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
- Referring to
FIG. 1 , there is shown anapparatus 10 for regenerating aNOx trap 12 and aparticulate trap 14 of anemission abatement device 16. Thetraps option 1 ofFIG. 1 or may be portions of an integrated device as inoption 2 ofFIG. 1 . - The
apparatus 10 includes aratio oscillator 18. Theratio oscillator 18 is configured to oscillate a ratio of the oxygen content and regenerative agent content of a flow advanced to theemission abatement device 16 so as to alternately partially regenerate theNOx trap 12 and theparticulate trap 14 for a plurality of cycles until completion of regeneration of thetraps NOx trap 12 and theparticulate trap 14. Performance of such “double duty” by a given quantity of regenerative agent reduces overall consumption of the regenerative agent. In addition, by dividing regeneration of theparticulate trap 14 into a plurality of events, a potentially damaging increase in the temperature of theparticulate trap 14 is avoided. - The
ratio oscillator 18 oscillates the ratio of the flow advanced to theemission abatement device 16 between higher and lower agent levels (e.g., between relatively agent-rich and relatively agent-lean levels). TheNOx trap 12 is partially regenerated with the regenerative agent each time that the ratio is at a higher agent level. In addition, an oxidation catalyst 19 (“OC”), such as a diesel oxidation catalyst, upstream from or integrated with theparticulate trap 14 oxidizes a portion of the regenerative agent to generate heat and elevate the temperature of theparticulate trap 14 each time that the ratio is at a higher agent level. Indeed, theoxidation catalyst 19 oxidizes regenerative agent so as to generate heat for elevating the temperature of theparticulate trap 14 whenever there is oxygen and an amount of regenerative agent at the catalyst 19 (i.e., not just when the regenerative agent is at a higher agent level). - The
particulate trap 14 is partially regenerated with oxygen present in the flow and with heat generated by thecatalyst 19 each time that the ratio is at a lower agent level. As such, each partial regeneration cycle includes commencing partial regeneration of theNOx trap 12 and interrupting partial regeneration of theparticulate trap 14 upon commencement of partial regeneration of theNOx trap 12. Each partial regeneration cycle further includes commencing partial regeneration of theparticulate trap 14 and interrupting partial regeneration of theNOx trap 12 upon commencement of partial regeneration of theparticulate trap 14. - The regenerative agent thus serves as a NOx-reducing agent for reducing NOx at the
NOx trap 12 and serves as an oxidizable agent to be oxidized at thecatalyst 19 to generate heat for regeneration of theparticulate trap 14. As such, the agent may take a variety of forms. For example, the agent may be a hydrocarbon fuel (e.g., diesel, gasoline, propane, alcohol, methanol), hydrogen (H2), carbon monoxide (CO), and/or other fuels. In such a case, the ratio of the oxygen content and the regenerative agent content of the flow may be the “lambda value” or corresponding air-to-fuel ratio of the flow advanced to theemission abatement device 16. - When the
traps option 1 ofFIG. 1 , theparticulate trap 14 may be positioned upstream from theNOx trap 12. In addition, thecatalyst 19 may be positioned upstream from theparticulate trap 14 or integrated into theparticulate trap 14. - When the
traps option 2 ofFIG. 1 , thecatalyst 19 may be a separate component upstream from the integrated device or integrated into the integrated device. - Carbon monoxide (CO) may be generated as a by-product of each partial regeneration of the particulate trap 14 (i.e., during each phase involving lower levels of regenerative agent such as agent-lean phases). CO is useful as a reducing agent to reduce NOx in the
NOx trap 12. In addition, each partial regeneration of theparticulate trap 14 generates heat which raises the temperature of the NOx trap 12 (e.g., to about 600° C.). Such temperature elevation of theNOx trap 12 facilitates desulfation of theNOx trap 12 during phases involving higher levels of regenerative agent (e.g., agent-rich phases). - Referring to
FIG. 2 , there is shown a graph illustrating oscillation of the ratio of the oxygen content and regenerative agent content of the flow over time. The ratio is shown inFIG. 2 as both the agent-to-oxygen ratio (solid line) to highlight the regenerative agent content and as the inverse oxygen-to-agent ratio (dashed line) to highlight the oxygen content. As such, an increase in the agent-to-oxygen ratio represents an increase in the regenerative agent content of the flow delivered to theemission abatement device 16. Conversely, an increase in the oxygen-to-agent ratio represents an increase in the oxygen content of the flow delivered to theemission abatement device 16. - Illustratively, the ratio waveform is generally sinusoidal. It is within the scope of this disclosure for the ratio waveform to be other than sinusoidal (e.g., a step waveform or near step waveform). Regardless of the particular shape of the ratio waveform, the ratio waveform has a plurality of
adjacent peaks 20 andvalleys 22, each adjacent peak and valley producing one cycle.Such peaks 20 andvalleys 22 in the ratio waveform achieve oscillation of the ratio to alternately partially regenerate theNOx trap 12 andparticulate trap 14 for the plurality of cycles until completion of regeneration of thetraps - Referring back to
FIG. 1 , theemission abatement device 16 is contained in anexhaust gas passageway 24 for conducting exhaust gas (“EG”) through thetraps passageway 24. Theratio oscillator 18 is configured, for example, as an agent injection system that is fluidly coupled to thepassageway 24 and that oscillates injection of regenerative agent into exhaust gas flowing through thepassageway 24 between higher and lower agent levels so as to alternately partially regenerate theNOx trap 12 and theparticulate trap 14 for the plurality of cycles. The regenerative agent delivered to theemission abatement device 16 is thus a combination of the injected regenerative agent and any regenerative agent already present in the exhaust gas [e.g., unburned hydrocarbon fuel, hydrogen (H2), carbon monoxide (CO)]. It is within the scope of this disclosure for the lower agent level to be zero or non-zero. - As an agent injection system, the
ratio oscillator 18 includes acontroller 27 electrically coupled to aflow control device 28 via anelectrical line 29 and electrically coupled to apump 30 via anelectrical line 31. Thecontroller 27 is configured to control operation of thepump 30 to cause regenerative agent to be pumped from anagent supply 32 past theflow control device 28 and injected into theexhaust gas passageway 20. Thecontroller 27 is configured to control operation of theflow control device 28 to cause theflow control device 28 to oscillate injection of the regenerative agent into thepassageway 20 between higher and lower agent levels, thereby oscillating the ratio of the oxygen content and regenerative agent content of the exhaust gas flow in thepassageway 20 to theemission abatement device 16. - Exemplarily, the
flow control device 28 is a valve. The valve may take a variety of configurations. For example, it may be a rotatable flapper valve. In other cases, it may be a solenoid valve movable between opened and closed positions in response to energization and de-energization of the solenoid valve. - The
agent supply 32 may be a fuel supply to supply fuel. More particularly, theagent supply 32 may be a hydrocarbon fuel supply to supply hydrocarbon fuel, a hydrogen supply to supply to H2, and/or a CO supply to supply CO. In the particular case where theengine 22 is a diesel engine onboard a vehicle, thesupply 32 may be a diesel fuel supply due to the ready availability of diesel fuel already onboard the vehicle. - It is within the scope of this disclosure for the
ratio oscillator 18 to be coupled to theengine 26 by aline 40 to inject the regenerative agent into one or more cylinders of theengine 26 in addition to or instead of injecting the regenerative agent into theexhaust gas passageway 24. In particular, theratio oscillator 18 may inject the regenerative agent into exhaust gas present in the cylinder(s) just before the exhaust gas is discharged from the cylinder(s). The regenerative agent is thus discharged from theengine 26 with the exhaust gas into theexhaust gas passageway 24 for delivery to theemission abatement device 16. - It is further within the scope of this disclosure for the
ratio oscillator 18 to oscillate injection of regenerative agent into exhaust gas of theengine 26 in response to at least one of a flow of air introduced into theengine 26, an engine out lambda value measured by alambda sensor 42 electrically coupled to thecontroller 27 by anelectrical line 44, and an engine map 46 of theengine 26. The engine map 46 may be integrated into thecontroller 27 or be separate from thecontroller 27 as part of some other device such as the engine control unit. It is within the scope of this disclosure for thecontroller 27 to be integrated into or be separate from the engine control unit. - While the concepts of the present disclosure have been illustrated and described in detail in the drawings and foregoing description, such illustration and description is to be considered as exemplary and not restrictive in character, it being understood that only the illustrative embodiments have been shown and described and that all changes and modifications that come within the spirit of the disclosure are desired to be protected.
- There are a plurality of advantages of the concepts of the present disclosure arising from the various features of the systems described herein. It will be noted that alternative embodiments of each of the systems of the present disclosure may not include all of the features described yet still benefit from at least some of the advantages of such features. Those of ordinary skill in the art may readily devise their own implementations of a system that incorporate one or more of the features of the present disclosure and fall within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (20)
1. A method, comprising the steps of:
oscillating a ratio of the oxygen content and regenerative agent content of a flow advanced to an emission abatement device comprising a NOx trap and a particulate trap, and
alternately partially regenerating the NOx trap and the particulate trap for a plurality of cycles in response to the oscillating step.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the oscillating step comprises operating a valve so as to oscillate injection of a hydrocarbon fuel into exhaust gas advanced to the emission abatement device, and
the regenerating step comprises (i) partially regenerating the NOx trap with the injected fuel and other regenerative agent present in the exhaust gas each time the ratio is at a higher fuel level, (ii) generating heat each time the ratio is at a higher fuel level, and (iii) partially regenerating the particulate trap with oxygen present in the exhaust gas and with the generated heat each time the ratio is at a lower fuel level.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oscillating step comprises oscillating the ratio of the oxygen content and regenerative agent content of exhaust gas advanced to the emission abatement device.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oscillating step comprises oscillating injection of regenerative agent into exhaust gas advanced to the emission abatement device.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the injection oscillating step comprises operating a valve so as to oscillate injection of the regenerative agent into the flow of exhaust gas.
6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the injection oscillating step comprises oscillating injection of a fuel into the exhaust gas.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the oscillating step comprises oscillating the ratio between higher and lower agent levels, and
the regenerating step comprises (i) partially regenerating the NOx trap when the ratio is at a higher agent level and (ii) partially regenerating the particulate trap when the ratio is at a lower agent level.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein:
the regenerating step further comprises generating heat when the ratio is at a higher agent level, and
the step of partially regenerating the particulate trap comprises partially regenerating the particulate trap with the generated heat and oxygen present in the flow.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the regenerating step comprises (i) commencing partial regeneration of the NOx trap and interrupting partial regeneration of the particulate trap upon commencement of partial regeneration of the NOx trap and (ii) commencing partial regeneration of the particulate trap and interrupting partial regeneration of the NOx trap upon commencement of partial regeneration of the particulate trap.
10. An apparatus, comprising:
a NOx trap and a particulate trap,
an exhaust gas passageway in which the NOx trap and the particulate trap are positioned, and
an agent injection system configured to oscillate injection of a regenerative agent into the exhaust gas passageway between higher and lower agent levels so as to alternately partially regenerate the NOx trap and the particulate trap for a plurality of cycles.
11. The apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the agent injection system comprises an agent supply, a flow control device positioned to control flow of the agent from the agent supply to the exhaust gas passageway, and a controller coupled to the flow control device to vary operation thereof to oscillate injection of the regenerative agent.
12. The apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the agent injection system comprises a fuel supply to supply fuel as the injected regenerative agent.
13. The apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the agent injection system comprises a valve operable to oscillate injection of the regenerative agent.
14. The apparatus of claim 13 , wherein the agent injection system comprises a controller coupled to the valve to vary operation of the valve to oscillate injection of the regenerative agent.
15. An apparatus, comprising:
an emission abatement device comprising a NOx trap and a particulate trap, and
a ratio oscillator configured to oscillate a ratio of the oxygen content and regenerative agent content of a flow advanced to the emission abatement device so as to alternately partially regenerate the NOx trap and the particulate trap for a plurality of cycles.
16. The apparatus of claim 15 , wherein the ratio oscillator is configured to oscillate the ratio between higher and lower agent levels so as to partially regenerate the NOx trap each time that the ratio is at a higher agent level and to partially regenerate the particulate trap each time that the ratio is at a lower agent level.
17. The apparatus of claim 16 , wherein the emission abatement device comprises a catalyst associated with the particulate trap to elevate the temperature of the particulate trap in the presence of oxygen and regenerative agent.
18. The apparatus of claim 15 , wherein:
the emission abatement device is positioned in an exhaust gas passageway, and
the ratio oscillator comprises a fuel supply to supply a fuel, a valve fluidly coupled to the fuel supply and fluidly coupled to the exhaust gas passageway at a location upstream from the emission abatement device, and a controller coupled to the valve to vary operation thereof to oscillate injection of the fuel into the exhaust gas passageway.
19. The apparatus of claim 15 , further comprising an engine fluidly coupled to the emission abatement device, wherein the ratio oscillator is configured to oscillate injection of a regenerative agent into exhaust gas of the engine in response to at least one of a flow of air introduced into the engine, the lambda value of the exhaust gas, and a map of the engine.
20. The apparatus of claim 15 , further comprising an engine fluidly coupled to the emission abatement device, wherein the ratio oscillator is coupled to the engine to inject a fuel into the engine.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/155,943 US20060283176A1 (en) | 2005-06-17 | 2005-06-17 | Method and apparatus for regenerating a NOx trap and a particulate trap |
PCT/US2006/022856 WO2006138233A2 (en) | 2005-06-17 | 2006-06-13 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR REGENERATING A NOx TRAP AND A PARTICULATE TRAP |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/155,943 US20060283176A1 (en) | 2005-06-17 | 2005-06-17 | Method and apparatus for regenerating a NOx trap and a particulate trap |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20060283176A1 true US20060283176A1 (en) | 2006-12-21 |
Family
ID=37571013
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/155,943 Abandoned US20060283176A1 (en) | 2005-06-17 | 2005-06-17 | Method and apparatus for regenerating a NOx trap and a particulate trap |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20060283176A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2006138233A2 (en) |
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US6832473B2 (en) * | 2002-11-21 | 2004-12-21 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Method and system for regenerating NOx adsorbers and/or particulate filters |
US7104051B2 (en) * | 2002-11-28 | 2006-09-12 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Exhaust gas purification device |
US6779339B1 (en) * | 2003-05-02 | 2004-08-24 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Environmental Protection Agency | Method for NOx adsorber desulfation in a multi-path exhaust system |
US6988361B2 (en) * | 2003-10-27 | 2006-01-24 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Method and system for controlling simultaneous diesel particulate filter regeneration and lean NOx trap desulfation |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US20070056268A1 (en) * | 2005-09-10 | 2007-03-15 | Eaton Corporation | LNT-SCR packaging |
DE102008034992A1 (en) * | 2008-07-25 | 2010-01-28 | Volkswagen Ag | Method for desulfurizing a NOX storage catalyst |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2006138233A3 (en) | 2008-01-31 |
WO2006138233A2 (en) | 2006-12-28 |
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