US20070140846A1

US20070140846A1 - Cleaning device

Info

Publication number: US20070140846A1
Application number: US11/703,741
Authority: US
Inventors: Peter Schellenberg; Detlef Behrendt; Josef Battig; Michael Jung; Ferdinand Mueller
Original assignee: ABB Turbo Systems AG
Current assignee: Accelleron Industries AG
Priority date: 2004-08-16
Filing date: 2007-02-08
Publication date: 2007-06-21
Also published as: KR20070042185A; EP1778953A1; CN100577989C; KR20120125405A; JP4729042B2; WO2006017952A1; EP1627993A1; KR101240102B1; JP2008510095A; EP1778953B1; CN101006250A

Abstract

The cleaning device for the exhaust gas turbine comprises openings, which open out into the flow duct upstream of the nozzle ring, for injecting a cleaning liquid from the radially inner side into the annular flow duct, a cavity, which is connected to the openings, for distributing the cleaning liquid to the openings, and a supply line for supplying the cleaning liquid to the cavity. The cleaning device according to the invention provides a uniform distribution of water to nozzle ring or to the rotor blades of the turbine rotor wheel.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119 to EP Application 04405513.5 filed in European Patent Office on 16 Aug. 2004, and as a continuation application under 35 U.S.C. §120 to PCT/CH2005/000465 filed as an International Application on 10 Aug. 2005 designating the U.S., the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties.

FIELD

An exhaust gas turbine having a cleaning device is disclosed as it relates to exhaust gas turbines for internal combustion engines.

BACKGROUND INFORMATION

Exhaust gas turbines, in particular in exhaust gas turbochargers, are used in conjunction with an internal combustion engine. The exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine is utilized as a driving medium for driving the turbine wheel. The turbine wheel is connected by means of a shaft to the compressor wheel which compresses the intake air which is supplied to the internal combustion engine. The exhaust gas guided to the guide blades of the exhaust gas turbine contains impurities resulting from incomplete combustion and impurities in the fuel. The quantity of impurities which the internal combustion engine discharges with the exhaust gas is highly dependent on the fuel which is used. If a dirty fuel is used, for example heavy diesel oil, then considerable quantities of impurities can be discharged with the exhaust gas.
The impurities in the exhaust gas lead to depositions on the turbine rotor blades and in particular on the guide elements (guide blades) of the guide device (nozzle ring) which are arranged in the flow duct upstream of the turbine blades.
In order to be able to ensure permanently failure-free operation with full performance, the contaminated parts, that is to say that turbine blades and in particular the guide elements of the guide device, must be freed from depositions at regular intervals by means of a cleaning liquid injected into the exhaust gas flow in the flow duct.
An axial turbine having a device for introducing a cleaning medium into the blade duct is known from CH 335 901. Said document discloses a nozzle carrier which guides the cleaning medium, is provided with outlet points, forms a ring, and is arranged radially outside the inflow duct at the inlet into the blade duct of the turbine and at a distance from the guide blade carrier. The distance to the guide blade carrier and the radially external arrangement of the nozzle carrier ensure that no thermal stresses are generated between the nozzle carrier and the guide blade carrier. The nozzle carrier and the nozzles which introduce the cleaning medium into the flow duct are additionally arranged at a distance from the guide blades in order to ensure that the cleaning medium can be distributed in the flow before it impinges on the guide blades. Said spacing from the guide blades can however have the result that the cleaning medium is dissolved in the flow to too great a degree, and it is therefore not possible to provide a cleaning action which even comes close to that of a focused jet. Targeted cleaning of the guide elements therefore cannot be provided.
A similar device is known from DE 2 008 503. A cleaning liquid is again injected into the flow at a great distance and radially from the outside of the flow duct.
A device for cleaning the turbine blades of an exhaust gas turbocharger is known from DE 35 15 825, in which device water is injected into the exhaust gas flow upstream of the guide elements by means of water injection nozzles. The water is conducted from a high pressure water supply via a water line to the individual water injectors which then deliver the suitable flow of droplets for cleaning. The water line, water injectors and injection nozzles are arranged outside the housing parts which form the flow duct, and are provided as separate components.

SUMMARY

An axial turbine with a simplified cleaning device provides a uniform distribution of water over the guide device of the exhaust gas turbine.
An exhaust gas turbine is disclosed. Openings for injecting a cleaning liquid are arranged, in the region of the flow duct, in the flow direction directly upstream of the guide elements of the guide device, with the openings being arranged in the radially inner side of the annular flow duct.
As a result of the injection taking place from the radially inner side, the cleaning liquid is better distributed over the radial height of the guide elements. The flow, which is sucked in by the fast-rotating turbine blades arranged further downstream and has a radially outwardly directed component already in the region upstream of the guide device, guides the cleaning liquid injected radially from the inside to the guide elements.
In addition, if injection takes place from the radially inner side, the cleaning liquid can be supplied centrally in the region of extension of the turbine shaft. The injection from the radially inner side can be advantageously used in new-generation exhaust gas supply housings without a spherical cap. In housings of said type, the flow duct merges from a circular cross section of the exhaust gas supply tube directly into an annular flow duct without a concentric, spherical-cap-shaped inner wall. The region in the extension of the turbine axis is easily accessible.
In addition, if the injection takes place from the radially inner side, it is generally the case that no tubes which are complex to relocate are required in the radially outer region of the turbine housing, which could otherwise lead to insulation losses in terms of the insulation of the housing. Each element in the region of the insulation can, as a heat bridge, conduct undesired heat from the inner region of the turbine to the outside.
In order to distribute the cleaning liquid from the central supply along the periphery of the flow duct ring, the openings are connected to an encircling cavity for the cleaning liquid.
The cavity which is arranged so as to be rotationally symmetrical about the rotational axis of the exhaust gas turbine serves to uniformly distribute the cleaning liquid over the entire guide device. The openings for injecting the cleaning liquid arranged upstream from or at the same level as the guide device serve to direct the cleaning liquid directly at those guide elements which are contaminated to the greatest degree, making more effective cleaning possible. In addition, the surrounding turbine housing, which delimits the flow duct, is loaded to a lesser degree if the relatively cold cleaning liquid does not come into contact with the hot housing walls or comes into contact with the housing walls to only a small extent.
The injection advantageously takes place in the axial direction and/or in the direction of rotation in the region of the stagnation line, as close as possible to the stagnation point itself. The injection pressure can therefore be reduced, since the cleaning liquid is injected into the stagnated flow against a relatively low flow resistance.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In the following, different embodiments of the cleaning device according to the invention are explained in more detail on the basis of figures, in which:
FIG. 1 shows a first exemplary embodiment of the cleaning device with a cavity situated radially at the inside,
FIG. 2 shows a second exemplary embodiment of the cleaning device a with a cavity integrated into the guide device,
FIG. 3 shows a third exemplary embodiment of the cleaning device with a centrally-arranged cavity and feed line tubes to the openings,
FIG. 4 shows a first variant of a fourth exemplary embodiment of the cleaning device with a centrally arranged cavity and feed lines, formed between two disks, to the openings,
FIGS. 5 to 7 are detailed illustrations of a second variant of the fourth exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 4, and
FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of the flow conditions in the region of the guide device.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

An exemplary cleaning device comprises a cavity which is arranged cylindrically or annularly around the central axis of the exhaust gas turbine, and openings which are connected to said cavity directly or via feed lines and open out into the flow duct. The cavity is connected via a feed line to a pump. The latter pumps the cleaning liquid (water, if required provided with an additive for improving the cleaning action) at high pressure (up to 40 bar) into the cavity and through the openings into the flow duct. The pressure distribution in the cavity and the distribution of the openings along the periphery of the flow duct ensure a uniform distribution of the cleaning liquid and therefore uniform cleaning of the guide device.
The cavity can be integrally formed in a housing part which delimits the flow duct or can be formed so as to be thermally decoupled in an additional separate component, a hollow ring, which likewise at least partially delimits the flow duct. If the cavity is arranged in one of the housing parts present in conventional exhaust gas turbines, this has the advantage that it is not necessary for an additional component to be provided for cleaning. On the other hand, a separate component can be easily retrofitted in an existing exhaust gas turbine or can be easily replaced if excessively worn or in the event of a fault.
Since the cleaning liquid is injected into the flow duct in the flow direction of the exhaust gas flow directly upstream or at the level of the guide device (nozzle ring), it is possible to prevent too much of the relatively cold cleaning liquid from coming into contact with the hot turbine housing parts which for the most part delimit the flow duct. It is therefore possible to prevent cold shock, which adversely affects the service life of the housing parts, as the guide device is cleaned. In return, it can occur that the cleaning liquid is not uniformly distributed in the flow before it reaches those surfaces of the guide elements (guide blades) of the guide device which are exposed to the flow. It is therefore advantageous if at least one opening, through which the cleaning liquid is sprayed onto the respective guide element, is provided for each of the guide elements.
The openings, cavity and if appropriate the feed lines from the cavity to the openings can also be formed by two-part or multi-part components. It is possible, for example, for a flat disk-shaped element to be connected to a T-shaped disk element having a tubular feed line in the centre in such a way that a central cavity between the element and the T-shaped disk and an encircling gap which leads radially outward are formed, or that, with corresponding surface profiling either of the flat element or of the T-shaped disk, duct-shaped feed lines to the radially outer edge are formed. The cleaning liquid is again sprayed into the flow duct through the encircling gap or the openings at the end of the supply ducts.
FIGS. 1 to 7 schematically show a section, running along the rotational axis (dash-dotted line) of the turbine wheel 3, through an exhaust gas turbine with a different embodiment of the cleaning device according to the invention in each case. The figures show that region of the flow duct 2 in which the exhaust gas is guided in the direction of the arrow via the guide device (nozzle ring) 4 to the rotor blades 31 of the turbine wheel. Radially outer parts 11 and radially inner parts 12 of the turbine housing are illustrated in outline.
The first exemplary embodiment of the cleaning device as exemplified in FIG. 1 comprises a cavity 52, which is arranged radially within the flow duct 2, for receiving the cleaning liquid. The cavity is arranged so as to be rotationally symmetrical around the axis of the turbine wheel and can, as illustrated in the figure, be formed in a separate component, a hollow ring 58, or can be integrally formed in a turbine housing part 12. Proceeding from the cavity 52 are the openings 51, through which the cleaning liquid 6 can be injected into the flow duct 2. The hollow ring 58 is connected via one or more feed lines 54 to a pump for the cleaning liquid.
When the guide device is cleaned, the cleaning liquid is pumped at high pressure via the feed lines 54 into the cavity 52. The cleaning medium is distributed in the cavity, fills the latter and then enters the flow duct 2 via the openings 51. The manner in which the cleaning liquid is to be injected into the flow duct can be set by means of the shape, the size and the alignment of the openings. As already mentioned, as a result of the arrangement according to the invention of the openings directly upstream of the guide device, the cleaning liquid impinges primarily on the guide device and does not come into contact with the housing parts which delimit the flow duct further upstream.
In the second exemplary embodiment of the cleaning device as exemplified in FIG. 2, the cavity 52 for receiving the cleaning liquid is arranged in a housing part of the guide device. The illustrated guide device (nozzle ring) comprises two annular housing parts 42 and 43. The plurality of guide elements 41 (guide blades) are arranged between said two housing parts. Alternatively, the guide device can also be formed from only one housing part with guide elements fixed thereto.
Said second exemplary embodiment of the cleaning device is characterized by a very simple and compact design, and permits an absolutely uniform distribution of water in a very simple manner. Said third embodiment is additionally very particularly suitable for being retrofitted to existing exhaust gas turbines. The previous guide device is simply substituted with a guide device according to the invention which, in addition, has a cavity with openings toward the flow duct. Depending on requirements and on the supply possibilities for the cleaning liquid, the cavity can be integrated here into the radially inner housing part or in the radially outer housing part of the guide device, or even in both.
In the third exemplary embodiment of the cleaning device as exemplified in FIG. 3, the cavity 52 for receiving the cleaning liquid is arranged centrally and at a radial distance from the flow duct. The cleaning liquid is conducted via feed lines 53 in individual tubes 55 into the flow duct 2. The cavity 52 is formed by a cavity vessel 57 which is closed off by a cover 56 and has a port for supplying the cleaning liquid into the cavities and a plurality of openings for connecting the tubes.
In the fourth exemplary embodiment of the cleaning device as exemplified in FIGS. 4 to 7, the cavity 52 for receiving the cleaning liquid is again arranged centrally and at a certain radial distance from the flow duct. The cavity 52 and the duct-like feed lines 53 to the openings 51 are formed between two elements 56 and 57 which are held together by fastening means or in some other way.
In the first variant as exemplified in FIG. 4, the elements are substantially disk-shaped, with an element 56 being a type of cover for the other T-shaped element 57. Alternatively, the elements can be formed to be at least partially inclined, for example conical. The T-shaped element 54 has a port for the cleaning liquid 54. The feed lines 53 are formed by a profiling of the surface of one or both elements.
In the second variant, the feed line ducts 53 from the cavity 52 to the openings 51 are formed by a plate 59 which is arranged between the two elements 56 and 57 and are provided with grooves. In the variant illustrated in FIGS. 6, 7 and 8, the groove plate is clamped the two elements 56 and 57 in the radially outer region of said two elements. The clamping action is provided by a fastening ring 71 which is fastened to an adjacent housing part 12 by means of a plurality of screws or other fastening means 72 through the provided fastening holes 73. As can be seen from FIG. 7, the groove plate and the radially outwardly running grooves formed therein extend at least partially into the cavity 59 formed between the elements 56 and 57. In this way, the cleaning liquid can ingress from the cavity into the grooves and pass to the openings, which are arranged at the radially outer edge at the end of the grooves, to the flow duct 1. In order to facilitate the ingress of the cleaning liquid, the grooves can, as illustrated, can be widened in the region which extends into the cavity. In order to obtain the desired injection angle, the elements 56 and 57 and the groove plate 59 situated in between can be bent or angled in the radially outer region.
FIG. 8 schematically shows the flow conditions in the region of the guide elements 41. As exemplified, the openings 51 for injecting the cleaning liquid are arranged in a so-called stagnation region, that is to say in that region upstream of the guide element in which the flow is locally stagnated by the guide element and is accordingly braked. The stagnation region 24 is situated upstream of the actual stagnation point 23 in the flow direction. The arrangement of the openings in the stagnation region permits a reduction in the injection pressure, since the injected cleaning liquid is not exposed to the fast-flowing flow. There is therefore little deflection of the cleaning liquid, so that the liquid can be distributed over the entire height of the guide elements with little pressure.
In order to utilize this effect of the stagnation region, the openings 51 are advantageously to be arranged in each case directly upstream of the stagnation point, at most half of a guide blade length upstream of the stagnation point of the guide element. It can be assumed that there is a reduced flow speed in this region, so that the pressure of the injection can be reduced as mentioned.
The openings 51 are advantageously situated in the peripheral direction on the respective stagnation line 22, that is to say that streamline which leads directly into the stagnation point. This ensures that the liquid is conveyed by the flow to both sides of the stagnation point and therefore to both sides of the flow profile of the guide elements.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the present invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The presently disclosed embodiments are therefore considered in all respects to be illustrative and not restricted. The scope of the invention is indicated by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description and all changes that come within the meaning and range and equivalence thereof are intended to be embraced therein.

LIST OF REFERENCE SYMBOLS

11, 12 Turbine housing
2 (Exhaust gas) flow duct
21 Flow lines
22 Stagnation line
23 Stagnation point
24 Stagnation region
3 Turbine wheel
31 Turbine rotor blades
4 Guide device, nozzle ring
41 Guide elements, guide blades
42, 43 Housing parts of the guide device
51 Injection openings
52 Cavity
53 Feed lines to openings
54 Feed line to cavity
55 Feed line tubes
56 Covering element
57 Cavity vessel, T-shaped element
58 Hollow ring
59 Groove plate
6 Cleaning liquid
71 Fastening ring
72 Fastening means
73 Fastening holes

Claims

1. An exhaust gas turbine, comprising a housing, a turbine wheel which is fitted with rotor blades, an exhaust gas flow duct which is at least partially delimited by the housing, a plurality of guide elements, which are arranged in the flow duct upstream of the guide blades, of a guide device, and a device for cleaning the exhaust gas turbine, wherein the flow duct is of annular design in the region of the guide device, the cleaning device has openings, which open out into the flow duct, for injecting the cleaning liquid into the flow duct, and the openings for injecting are arranged in the flow direction upstream of the guide elements, said openings for injecting being arranged in the radially inner side of the annular flow duct.

2. The exhaust gas turbine as claimed in claim 1, wherein a cavity which is connected to the openings is provided for distributing the cleaning liquid to and/or along the openings, with the cavity being arranged radially within the annular flow duct.

3. The exhaust gas turbine as claimed in claim 2, wherein the openings are connected by means of tubular feed lines to the cavity.

4. The exhaust gas turbine as claimed in claim 2, wherein the cavity is arranged substantially coaxially to the rotational axis of the turbine wheel, and is of substantially rotationally symmetrical design.

5. The exhaust gas turbine as claimed in claim 2, wherein a supply line for supplying the cleaning liquid to the cavity is provided, with the supply line opening out into the cavity radially within the annular flow duct.

6. The exhaust gas turbine as claimed in claim 5, wherein a supply line for supplying the cleaning liquid to the cavity is provided, with the supply line opening out into the cavity radially within the annular flow duct.

7. The exhaust gas turbine as claimed in claim 5, wherein the openings are connected by means of tubular feed lines to the cavity.

8. The exhaust gas turbine as claimed in claim 7, wherein a supply line for supplying the cleaning liquid to the cavity is provided, with the supply line opening out into the cavity radially within the annular flow duct.

9. The exhaust gas turbine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cleaning device comprises at least one hollow ring, in that the hollow ring at least partially delimits the flow duct, and in that the openings for injecting the cleaning liquid into the flow duct are formed in that side of the hollow ring which borders the flow duct.

10. The exhaust gas turbine as claimed in claim 9, wherein the guide device comprises an annular housing part and guide elements which are fastened to the annular housing part, in that an annular cavity for receiving the cleaning liquid is formed in the annular housing part, and in that openings, which proceed from the cavity, for injecting the cleaning liquid from the cavity toward the guide elements are formed in the annular housing part.

11. The exhaust gas turbine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cleaning device comprises at least two coaxially-arranged elements which at least partially delimit the flow duct and are designed and connected to one another in such a way that a cavity, and ducts which proceed from the cavity and have one or more openings which open out into the flow duct and through which the cleaning liquid can be injected into the flow duct, are formed between at least two of the elements.

12. The exhaust gas turbine as claimed in claim 11, wherein one single opening or a small number of openings, which extend in the manner of slots along the periphery of the flow duct, are formed between the elements.

13. The exhaust gas turbine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the openings for injecting are arranged in each case upstream of a guide element in a stagnation region of the flow.

14. The exhaust gas turbine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the openings for injecting are arranged in the peripheral direction in the region of a stagnation line upstream of in each case one guide element.

15. The exhaust gas turbine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the guide device comprises a plurality of guide elements and in that in each case at least one opening for injecting the cleaning liquid into the flow duct is provided per guide element.

16. An exhaust gas turbocharger, comprising an exhaust gas turbine as claimed in claim 1.

17. The exhaust gas turbine as claimed in claim 8, wherein the cleaning device comprises at least one hollow ring, in that the hollow ring at least partially delimits the flow duct, and in that the openings for injecting the cleaning liquid into the flow duct are formed in that side of the hollow ring which borders the flow duct.

18. The exhaust gas turbine as claimed in claim 8, wherein the cleaning device comprises at least two coaxially-arranged elements which at least partially delimit the flow duct and are designed and connected to one another in such a way that a cavity, and ducts which proceed from the cavity and have one or more openings which open out into the flow duct and through which the cleaning liquid can be injected into the flow duct, are formed between at least two of the elements.

19. The exhaust gas turbine as claimed in claim 8, wherein the openings for injecting are arranged in each case upstream of a guide element in a stagnation region of the flow.

20. The exhaust gas turbine as claimed in claim 8, wherein the openings for injecting are arranged in the peripheral direction in the region of a stagnation line upstream of in each case one guide element.

21. The exhaust gas turbine as claimed in claim 8, wherein the guide device comprises a plurality of guide elements and in that in each case at least one opening for injecting the cleaning liquid into the flow duct is provided per guide element.

22. An exhaust gas turbocharger, comprising an exhaust gas turbine as claimed in claim 8.