US20070254752A1 - Multi-walled tubular baseball bats with barrel inserts of variable geometry - Google Patents
Multi-walled tubular baseball bats with barrel inserts of variable geometry Download PDFInfo
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- US20070254752A1 US20070254752A1 US11/740,519 US74051907A US2007254752A1 US 20070254752 A1 US20070254752 A1 US 20070254752A1 US 74051907 A US74051907 A US 74051907A US 2007254752 A1 US2007254752 A1 US 2007254752A1
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- bat
- barrel
- secondary member
- frame
- wall
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B59/00—Bats, rackets, or the like, not covered by groups A63B49/00 - A63B57/00
- A63B59/50—Substantially rod-shaped bats for hitting a ball in the air, e.g. for baseball
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B60/00—Details or accessories of golf clubs, bats, rackets or the like
- A63B60/54—Details or accessories of golf clubs, bats, rackets or the like with means for damping vibrations
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B2102/00—Application of clubs, bats, rackets or the like to the sporting activity ; particular sports involving the use of balls and clubs, bats, rackets, or the like
- A63B2102/18—Baseball, rounders or similar games
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B2102/00—Application of clubs, bats, rackets or the like to the sporting activity ; particular sports involving the use of balls and clubs, bats, rackets, or the like
- A63B2102/18—Baseball, rounders or similar games
- A63B2102/182—Softball
Definitions
- the present invention relates to baseball bats and more particularly to tubular baseball bats, constructed of a variety of materials, and more particularly to baseball bats designed to improve player performance. More particularly, baseball bats according to the invention have variable radial stiffness along the barrel length resulting in larger sweet spots, improved batting performance as defined by greater hitting distance, a vibration soft feel, and unique sounds upon contact with a ball while meeting existing, new, or changed performance standards established by regulatory bodies.
- baseball and softball bats hereinafter referred to simply as “baseball bats” or “bats”, are today typically made solely from aluminum alloys, or aluminum alloys in combination with composite materials (hybrid bats), or most recently solely from composite materials (with the exception of solid wooden bats for the Major Leagues).
- Such bats are tubular (hollow inside) in construction in order to meet the weight requirements of the end user, have a cylindrical handle portion for gripping, a cylindrical barrel portion for hitting, and a tapered mid-section connecting the handle and barrel portions.
- bats have generally had a constant radial stiffness along their barrel portion length, measuring the radial stiffness along the barrel wall as independent annular segments of the barrel wall at any location along the barrel wall length.
- the original aluminum bats were formed as a single member, that is, they were made in a unitary manner as a single-walled aluminum tube for the handle, taper, and barrel portions.
- Such bats are often called single-wall aluminum bats and were known to improve performance relative to wooden bats as defined by increased hit distance. More recently (in the mid 1990 's), improvements in bat design largely concentrated on further improving bat performance. This was accomplished primarily by thinning the barrel wall of the single wall bat frame, and adding inner or internal, and or outer or external, secondary members extending along the entire barrel length. These members are often referred to respectively as inserts or sleeves; while the main member is often referred to as a body, shell or frame.
- Such bats are often called double-wall bats or multi-walled bats in the case of more than two walls resulting from two or more secondary members.
- Such double walled and multi-walled tubular bats generally obtained improved performance in terms of hitting distance by reason of the improved elastic deflection that is characteristic of a multilayer barrel wall.
- the efficient batting of a ball is maximized by minimizing plastic deformation, both within the bat and within the ball.
- the barrel wall of the bat should not deform beyond its elastic limit.
- Use of a multi-wall two or more member construction along the entire barrel length allows the barrel portion of the bat to elastically deflect or flex more upon ball impact which propels the ball faster and further than prior art single wall bats.
- the scientific principle governing improved bat performance is bending theory. When a ball impacts a bat it has kinetic energy that must be absorbed by the bat in order to stop the ball. The bat stores most of this energy by flexing. The ball as well deforms. After the ball is stopped, the bat returns the energy it has stored by rebounding and sending the ball back towards where it came from. The more the bat barrel or striking portion deforms upon ball impact without failing (denting or breaking) or experiencing plastic deformation, the lower the energy loss and the greater the energy returned to the ball from the bat as the tubular bat barrel portion impacted returns to its original shape.
- the prior art double walled and multi-walled tubular bats have traditionally accomplished this by thinning the main member of the barrel portion and adding thin secondary member insert(s) and/or sleeve(s) which are not bonded to the main member, but which generally extend throughout the full length of the barrel portion.
- Such inserts and sleeves are not coupled to the barrel wall portion of the frame, and these two contacting components may slide with respect to each other in the same manner as leafs within a leaf spring.
- the resultant lowered radial stiffness along the barrel portion length permits the barrel wall to deflect elastically.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,415,398 to Eggiman is an example of a multiwalled bat that discloses use of a frame and internal insert of constant thickness running full length of the barrel portion of the bat in a double-wall construction.
- U.S. Pat. No. 6,251,034 discloses a polymer composite second tubular member running throughout the full length of the barrel portion of the bat with the members joined at the ends only of the barrel portion with the balance of the composite member freely movable relative to the primary member.
- U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,440,017 and 6,612,945 to Anderson also disclose two member bats with an outer sleeve and inner shell of constant thickness running full length of the barrel portion.
- Other references include U.S. Pat. No. 6,063,828 to Pitzenberger, U.S. Pat. No. 6,461,760 to Higginbotham; U.S. Pat. No. 6,425,836B1 to Mizuno, and U.S. Patent Pub. 2001/0094882 A1 to Clauzin.
- the bat secondary member, or insert extends along the entire frame barrel length, have constant diameters and thickness resulting in uniform cross-sectional geometry along the secondary member length. Also, the bat members are not joined, except at their ends, in order to reduce radial stiffness of the barrel portion to improve bat performance. Also, in all cases, the radial stiffness of the barrel portion is uniform or constant full length of the barrel portion of the bats.
- the sweet spot of a bat is generally the portion of the barrel which, with when struck by the ball, provides maximum batting performance. It is the location on the barrel at which the collision occurs with maximum efficiency and with the transmission of minimum vibration through the handle to the hands of a user. While highly subjective, many players would accept that the sweet spot portion on the bat has a dimension of approximately 2 inches, possibly up to 4 inches, in length and is located generally midway along the barrel portion. It is highly desirable to provide improved bats with a predetermined maximum allowable bat performance and a larger sweetspot region than bats of the prior art. This is one of the primary objectives of the present invention. Further, multi-wall bats of the present invention with inventive secondary members with non-uniform cross-sections along their length provide a vibration free soft feel and produce unique sounds upon contact with a ball.
- U.S. Pat. No. 6,949,038 issued to Fritzke filed Jan. 21, 2004 also addresses this objective.
- the Fritzke '038 reference purports to achieve an improved sweet spot characteristic by providing a secondary member, located either inside or outside the barrel of a standard frame, wherein the secondary member has a constant outside diameter with an internal wall whose thickness increases while proceeding from its ends inwardly towards the opposing ends.
- this thickening is shown to increase to a maximum around the mid-portion of the length of the secondary member.
- FIG. 12 this thickness is shown to partially decrease around the mid-portion of the length of the secondary member, providing two laterally placed regions of maximum thickness on either side of the mid-portion.
- the bats of the present invention are stiffened in the barrel area of peak bat performance commonly referred to as the sweetspot. Typically, this is an area approximately 2′′ to 4′′ in width as compared to barrel portion lengths of 4′′ to 16′′.
- an inventive geometric secondary member, or members with non-constant outside diameters positioned internally within the bat frame, or by independent numerous annular secondary members located along the inner surface of the barrel portion of an external bat frame, or by inserting or adding to the bat a circumferential stiffener in the region of the sweetspot, or by making the barrel wall thicker in the region of the sweetspot, or by having stiffer material in the region of the sweetspot.
- Such embodiments also can provide variable bat performance along the barrel length, enlarge the sweetspot size, improve bat performance, have a softer feel upon ball impacts, and produce unique pleasing sounds upon ball impact.
- the inventive internal secondary members have a variable outside diameter and constant wall thickness and are characterized by variations in the surface profile on one side of the secondary member wall being reflected by a corresponding profile on the other side of the secondary wall that provide at least two or more contact regions with the internal barrel portion of the frame barrel wall that in turn create at least one functional air cavity that is closed at both ends.
- internal secondary members have constant internal diameters.
- two or more independent annular or ring like, members of generally consistent cross-sectional geometry with variable dimensions and with length less than one-half the barrel portion length are internally located in unbonded contact along the inner wall of the barrel portion of an external bat frame.
- An additional secondary bat member of length approaching the barrel length may be located internally to the annular secondary members.
- a short light weight polymer composite circumferential stiffener of the invention as employed adds only minimal weight to a given bat thus allowing the stiffened bat to continued to be used within the required weight requirements set by the relevant governing body.
- the stiffener of the present invention can be added to previously constructed tubular bats returned from players for modification to meet a changed regulation allowing such previously manufactured bats to meet a changed standard. Though somewhat heavier, a short metallic stiffener could also be employed.
- An alternative method of varying stiffness, and thus bat performance, along the barrel portion is to vary thickness along the barrel portion.
- Another alternative solution of the present invention for all composite bats is accomplished by engineering calculation considering selection of the composite fiber type, the fibre size, the angles of the fibers, and the thickness of the polymer composite stiffener to be employed to precisely lower the bat performance.
- tubular bats of the present invention have variable radial stiffness along their barrel portions to achieve a specific predetermined bat maximum bat performance, it is simultaneously possible to achieve a sweetspot which is larger than the sweetspot typically found in tubular bats of the prior art.
- this is accomplished by selectively radially stiffening only the peak performance area (generally the sweetspot area) of the bat to provide a radial stiffness therein which is greater than the radial stiffness of the barrel portion area immediately adjacent on both sides of the sweetspot.
- the resultant effect can be to approximately double the sweetspot size (that is, the area of the barrel portion which provides maximum bat performance).
- bats of the present invention with secondary members with a variable outside diameter, with or without thickened end portions have a softer feel upon impact and produce unique impact sounds.
- FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal cross-section of a typical prior art single wall tubular bat with a singular frame, or member, construction.
- FIG. 1A shows a cross-sectional area taken at any location through the barrel portion of the FIG. 1 prior art tubular bat.
- FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal cross-section of a typical prior art double-wall tubular bat with two separate members, a frame or main member with an internal insert as a secondary member in the barrel area. Both the frame and insert run the full length of the barrel portion and are not joined full length.
- FIG. 2A shows a cross-sectional area taken at any location through the barrel portion of the FIG. 1 prior art tubular bat.
- FIG. 3 shows a longitudinal cross-section of a typical prior art double-wall tubular bat with two separate members, a frame or main member with an external sleeve secondary member in the barrel portion. Both the frame and sleeve run the full length of the barrel portion and are not joined full length.
- FIG. 3A shows a cross-sectional area taken at any location through the barrel portion of the FIG. 3 prior art tubular bat.
- FIG. 4 shows a longitudinal cross-section of one embodiment of the present invention showing a single wall tubular bat in accordance with the present invention showing an internal stiffener generally confined to the sweetspot area of the barrel portion and joined to the barrel portion.
- FIG. 4A shows a cross-sectional area of a barrel location not within the sweetspot area.
- FIG. 4B shows a cross-sectional area within the sweetspot area showing the internal stiffener of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 shows a longitudinal cross-section of a second embodiment of the present invention showing a single wall tubular bat in accordance with the present invention with an external stiffener generally confined to the sweetspot area of the barrel portion and joined to the barrel portion.
- FIG. 5A shows a cross-sectional area at a barrel location not within the sweetspot area.
- FIG. 5B shows a cross-sectional area within the sweetspot area showing an external stiffener of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 shows a longitudinal cross-section of a third embodiment of the present invention showing a single wall polymer composite tubular bat in accordance with the present invention showing a localized area of the fiber type and/or angle change resulting in increased radial stiffness generally confined to the sweetspot area of the barrel portion.
- FIG. 6A shows a cross-sectional area at a barrel location not within the sweetspot area.
- FIG. 6B shows a cross-sectional area within the sweetspot area showing a stiffened area of changed fiber angles and/or type.
- FIG. 6 . 1 shows a longitudinal cross section of a single wall polymer composite tubular bat in accordance with the present invention showing the alternative construction incorporating a thickened barrel wall 21 resulting in increased radial stiffness generally confined to the sweetspot area of the barrel portion.
- FIG. 6 . 1 A shows a cross-sectional area at a barrel location not within the sweetspot area.
- FIG. 6 . 1 B shows a cross-sectional area within the sweetspot area showing a stiffened area with thicker barrel wall.
- FIG. 6 . 2 shows a longitudinal cross-section of an alternative double wall polymer composite bat in accordance with the present invention showing a localized area of the fibre type and/or fibre angle change within the insert resulting in increased radial stiffness generally confined to the sweetspot area of the barrel portion.
- FIG. 6 . 2 A shows a cross-sectional area at a barrel location not within the sweetspot area.
- FIG. 6 . 2 B shows a cross-sectional area within the sweetspot area showing a stiffened area of changed fibre angles and/or type.
- FIG. 6 . 3 shows a longitudinal cross-section of a double wall polymer composite bat in accordance with the present invention with an alternative construction showing a thickened barrel wall 21 within the insert resulting in increased radial stiffness generally confirmed to the sweetspot areas of the barrel portion.
- FIG. 6 . 3 A shows a cross-sectional area of a barrel location not within the sweetspot area.
- FIG. 6 . 3 B shows a cross-sectional area within the sweetspot area showing a stiffened area with thicker barrel wall.
- FIG. 7 shows a longitudinal cross-section of a fourth embodiment of the present invention showing a double-wall tubular bat with two separate members, a frame or main member with an internal insert as a secondary member full length in the barrel portion, and in accordance with the present invention, showing an internal stiffener generally confined to the sweetspot area of the barrel portion and joined to the barrel portion.
- FIG. 7A shows a cross-sectional area at a barrel location not within the sweetspot area.
- FIG. 7B shows a cross-sectional area within the sweetspot area showing the internal stiffener.
- FIG. 8 shows a longitudinal cross-section of a fifth embodiment of the present invention showing a double-wall tubular bat with two separate members, a frame or main member with an external sleeve as a secondary member full length in the barrel portion, and in accordance with the present invention showing an external stiffener generally confined to the sweetspot area of the barrel portion and joined to the barrel portion.
- FIG. 8A shows a cross-sectional area at a barrel location not within the sweetspot area.
- FIG. 8B shows a cross-sectional area within the sweetspot area showing the external stiffener.
- FIG. 9 shows in graphical form the typical relationship between tubular bat performance and barrel location and sweetspot size.
- FIG. 10 shows in graphical form a typical relationship between tubular bat performance of a bat of the present invention and barrel location and sweetspot size.
- FIG. 11A shows a longitudinal cross-section of the barrel portion of a typical prior art single wall tubular bat with a singular frame, or main member. Not shown in FIG. 11A and all following figures is the traditional bat handle portion located at the proximal end of the taper portion.
- FIG. 11B shows a longitudinal cross-section of the barrel portion of a typical prior art single wall tubular bat with a singular frame, or main member, construction wherein the barrel wall is inwardly thickened generally in the area of the sweetspot.
- FIG. 11C shows a longitudinal cross-section of the barrel portion of a typical prior art double wall tubular bat with an external frame and a secondary internal member, or insert.
- FIG. 11D shows a longitudinal cross-section of the barrel portion of a typical prior art double wall tubular bat with an external frame and a secondary internal member, or insert, wherein the insert is inwardly thickened generally in the area of the sweetspot.
- FIG. 11E shows a longitudinal cross-section of the barrel portion of a typical prior art double wall tubular bat with an external frame and a secondary internal member, or insert, wherein both the frame and the insert are inwardly thickened generally in the area of the sweetspot.
- FIG. 12A shows a longitudinal cross-section of the barrel portion of one embodiment of the present invention showing a double wall tubular bat with an external frame and a primary secondary member, or insert, located internally within the frame wherein the primary secondary member has an outer diameter which varies along the length of the member, a constant wall thickness, two contact regions with the frame barrel portion inner surface, and one air cavity that is closed at both ends.
- FIG. 12B shows a variant of the bat of FIG. 12A wherein the primary secondary member has a constant wall thickness, there are two contact regions, and one closed air cavity, wherein the thickness of the air cavity is reduced generally in the area of the barrel mid portion.
- FIG. 12C shows a variant of the bat of FIG. 12A wherein the primary secondary member has a constant wall thickness, there are three contact regions and two closed air cavities.
- FIG. 12D shows a variant of the bat of FIG. 12A wherein the primary secondary member has a constant wall thickness and the outer diameter of the primary secondary member oscillates periodically along its length between a maximum and a minimum diameter, creating multiple contact regions and multiple closed air cavities.
- FIG. 12E shows a variant of the bat of FIG. 12D wherein the period of the oscillation of outside diameter of the primary secondary member increases away from the barrel mid portion.
- FIG. 12F shows a variant of the bat of FIG. 12A with a primary secondary member and an additional secondary member located internally to the primary secondary member wherein both secondary members have outer diameters which vary along the length of the secondary members, have constant wall thicknesses, two contact regions each, and one closed air cavity each.
- FIG. 12G shows a variant of the bat of FIG. 12A wherein the primary secondary member has a constant diameter internal surface, a non-constant diameter external surface, a non-constant wall thickness, two contact regions with the internal frame wall, and one air cavity that is closed at both ends.
- FIG. 12H shows a variant of the bat of FIG. 12G wherein the primary secondary member has two contact regions and one closed air cavity that has a non-uniform cross-section.
- FIG. 12I shows a variant of the bat of FIG. 12G wherein the primary secondary member has three contact regions and two closed air cavities.
- FIG. 12J shows a variant of the bat of FIG. 12D wherein the primary secondary member has a constant diameter internal surface.
- FIG. 12K shows a variant of the bat of FIG. 12E wherein the primary secondary member has a constant diameter internal surface.
- FIG. 12L shows a variant of the bat of FIG. 12F wherein the primary secondary member has a constant diameter internal surface.
- FIG. 13A shows a longitudinal cross-section of the barrel portion of a second embodiment of the present invention showing a double wall tubular bat with an external frame, and six independent annular secondary members, or rings, each of length less than one-half the frame barrel portion length and varying thickness, each internally located side by side, with or without spaces between, along the frame barrel portion length against the barrel portion inner surface of the external bat frame.
- FIG. 13B shows a multi-wall bat variant of the bat of FIG. 13A wherein there are six independent annular secondary members each of length less than one-half the frame barrel portion length, each internally located along the frame inner wall surface, and a tubular additional secondary member with length approaching the frame barrel portion length and located internally to the annular secondary members and in contact with at least one annular secondary member, generally extending co-extensively with the frame barrel portion.
- FIG. 13C shows a variant of the bat of FIG. 13B wherein there are six independent annular secondary members each of length less than one-half the frame barrel portion length, each internally located along the additional secondary member outer wall surface and internally to the external frame inner wall surface.
- FIG. 13D shows a variant of the bat of FIG. 13B wherein there are three independent annular secondary members of constant thickness each internally located between and abutting against the external frame inner wall surface and the additional secondary member outer wall surface forming three closed air cavities.
- FIG. 13E shows a variant of the back of FIG. 13D wherein there are multiple annular secondary members with or without multiple air cavities.
- FIG. 13F shows a longitudinal cross-section of the barrel portion of another embodiment of the present invention showing a multi-wall tubular bat with an external frame, and two annular secondary members, or rings, each of length less than one-half the frame barrel portion length, wherein each annular secondary member is located between the outer frame and an additional secondary member with length approaching the frame barrel portion length, wherein the wall of the additional secondary member is thickest generally in the frame barrel mid portion providing a contact area between the inner surface of the frame and the outer surface of the additional secondary member.
- the present invention is directed to providing tubular baseball bats with variable radial stiffness along the length of the barrel or hitting portion 1 , of the bats.
- Bats of the present invention can have a larger sweetspot size 19 , have a soft feel with substantially reduced vibrations, and produce unique pleasing sounds upon impact with a baseball or softball. Further, such bats can be produced at reasonably low costs.
- stiffness as used in this disclosure is equivalent to the modulus of elasticity and is a measure of the change in length of a material under loading.
- stiffness of the material can be measured in the axial direction, parallel to the longitudinal axis of the tube, or the radial or transverse direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the tube.
- Radial stiffness is a measure of the force required to depress any given a section of the tube in the radial direction.
- Radial stiffness is a function of modulus of the material, the tube thickness and the tube diameter. Radial stiffness is measured along the barrel wall as independent annular segments of the barrel wall at each measurement location.
- FIGS. 1, 2 , 3 , and 11 show a single wall tubular bat with main member or frame 16 .
- FIGS. 2 and 11 C show a double wall tubular bat with an insert or primary secondary member 13 , formed separately from the main member 16 , which is fitted into the entire barrel length 1 of the main member 16 .
- FIG. 3 shows a double wall tubular bat with a sleeve 14 , formed separately from the main member 16 , which is fitted over the entire barrel length 1 of the main member 16 .
- FIG. 11B shows a single wall tubular bat with the main member 16 being internally thickened in the barrel mid-section.
- FIGS. 11D and 11E show double wall tubular bats with an internally thickened secondary member 13 and in the case of FIG. 11E also an internally thickened main member 16 .
- bats of the present invention similarly to bats of the prior art, include a traditional knob at the handle portion end 5 , or proximal end of the bat, and a traditional end cap 21 (not shown in FIGS. 1 through 8 ) at the barrel portion end 4 , the distal end, both of which can be made from a variety of materials.
- barrel length 1 as defined by length of constant maximum diameter 2 , ranges from 4 to 12 inches.
- Total barrel wall thickness 6 ranges from 0.100 inches to 0.140 inches for aluminum bats and up to 0.220 inches for all composite bats and is measured at any point along the barrel wall as the outside diameter of the frame or member with the largest outside diameter minus the inside diameter of the member with the smallest outside diameter including any gaps, or spaces, between the two extreme diameters.
- barrel portion diameter 2 Most youth baseball bats and softball bats of the prior art have maximum outside barrel portion diameter 2 of 2.25 inches. Depending on the taper portion geometry of the mid-section 8 , the barrel length 1 ranges from 4 to 16 inches. Barrel wall thickness 6 ranges from 0.060 inches to 0.090 inches for aluminum bats and up to 0.220 inches for all composite bats.
- the bats of the present invention shown in FIGS. 4 through 8 , and 12 through 14 , have similar dimensions to the foregoing prior art bats shown in FIGS. 1, 2 , 3 , and 11 .
- FIG. 4 is a single wall tubular baseball bat consisting of a cylindrical handle portion 7 for gripping, a cylindrical tubular barrel portion 9 for striking or hitting, and a tapered portion 8 connecting the handle 7 and barrel 9 portions, with a thin polymer composite stiffener 18 having a stiffener wall located internally within the barrel portion 9 and extending longitudinally in the mid-section, sweetspot area 19 of the barrel length 1 .
- a polymer composite is a non-homogenous material consisting of continuous fibers embedded in, and wetted by, a polymeric resin matrix whereby the properties of the material are superior to those of its constituent fibers and resin taken separately.
- Such polymer composites are anistropic materials since they exhibit different responses to stresses applied in different directions depending on how the fibers are aligned or angled within the matrix.
- radial stiffness is equal to longitudinal stiffness and cannot be graduated along the barrel length 1 .
- properties of bats made in accordance with the present invention can be controlled (i.e. designed to a given requirement) by altering such parameters as the fiber alignments along the barrel length 1 , and/or the type of fibers chosen, their demier or layout density and/or the thickness of the polymer composite structure.
- the fiber materials used are selected from a group consisting of fiberglass, graphite or carbon, aramid, boron, nylon, or hybrids of any of the foregoing, all of which are commercially available.
- the resins used to impregnate, wet out, and encapsulate or imbed the fiber materials are generally selected from a group consisting of epoxy, polyester, vinyl ester, urethane, or a thermoplastic such as nylon, or mixtures thereof.
- the first embodiment of the present invention consists of a thin polymer composite stiffener 18 located internally within the barrel portion 9 generally in the sweetspot area 19 located in proximity to the middle or mid-section area of the barrel length 1 of a single wall tubular bat.
- the resultant stiffened bat results in a predetermined calculated lower performance, with an enlarged sweetspot 19 , as subsequently explained.
- the sweetspot area 19 of a baseball bat is generally referred to as that area along the barrel length 1 in which bat performance is greatest; that is, a ball struck within the sweetspot area 19 will travel further than a ball struck on either side of the sweetspot area.
- the sweetspot area 19 is located around the middle of the barrel length 1 and is in the order of about 2 inches to 4 inches in length when compared to overall barrel lengths 1 which range from approximately 4 inches to 16 inches or more.
- FIG. 9 shows a typical bat performance distribution example with a 12-inch barrel length 1 .
- the maximum bbs (one measure of bat performance standard) is 100 while most players would describe the sweetspot as being approximately 2 inch long (that is, the portion of the barrel length equal to or greater than 98 bbs).
- the bat of this particular sample meets a bat performance factor standard of 100 bbs maximum if so regulated.
- the bat of the present invention could be provided with a specifically designed 4 inch polymer composite stiffener 18 located in the center of the barrel length 1 .
- FIG. 10 shows the bbs versus barrel length for this example.
- the combined barrel wall, with the polymer composite stiffener 18 present is approximately twice as stiff in the center 2 inches of the sweetspot area 19 as in the 1 inch area immediately adjacent to the center or mid-section area on each side of the center area.
- the polymer composite stiffener 18 fiber type, fiber angles and thicknesses are designed such as to reduce the bbs from 100 to 96 in the center 2 inch area of the barrel length 1 and from 98 to 96 bbs in the 1 inch areas immediately adjacent to the center area.
- the resultant typical example bat meets the lowered regulatory standard of 96 bbs with a sweetspot area 19 which has been increased in size by 100% (from 2 inches wide to 4 inches wide).
- the regions around points A and B have been introduced into the batting performance curve of FIG. 10 that were not present in the curve of FIG. 9 , with the more flattened portion there-between that is characteristic of an enlarged sweet spot.
- the first embodiment (i.e. as shown in FIG. 4 ) of the present invention is particularly suited to retrofitting used bats returned by players and making them legally playable under a revised standard.
- the thin polymer composite stiffener 18 of the present invention has a stiffener wall which is typically in the order of 0.010 inches to 0.040 inches in thickness, preferably 0.020′′ with a length of 2 inches to 6 inches which is typically less than 50% of the barrel length, such as 162 ⁇ 3% of the barrel length, as is apparent from FIG. 10 .
- a 4 inch stiffener, as referenced in paragraph [0059], in a 12 inch barrel as referenced in FIG. 10 would represent 33.3% of the barrel length; a 4 inch stiffener in a 16 inch barrel would represent 25%, and a 2 inch stiffener in a 16 inch barrel would represent 12.5% of the barrel length.
- the stiffener 18 is preferably bonded, fully or partially, to the main member 16 , or to the secondary member insert 13 of FIG. 7 or to the secondary member sleeve 14 of FIG. 8 , or combinations thereof on either the internal or external barrel walls, as shown in FIGS. 4, 5 , 7 and 8 .
- an alternative solution (since stiffness is proportional to thickness) to the stiffener 18 is to vary the barrel thickness 6 to the same extent and manner along any portion of the barrel length 1 of any bat according to the invention, including the bat of FIG. 6 in order to vary bat performance.
- the barrel portion's effective wall thickness in the mid-section can be greater by 81 ⁇ 3% or more over the thickness of the barrel in the lateral, adjacent portions.
- the barrel wall's thickness beyond its central portion, in the lateral regions proceeding towards the end portions of the barrel may be at least 81 ⁇ 3% thinner than the thickness of the barrel wall in the mid-section.
- the stiffener wall may be typically in the order of 0.005 inches to 0.040 inches in thickness, or 0.010 inches to 0.040 inches in thickness, or 0.015 inches to 0.040 inches in thickness, or 0.015 inches to 0.030 inches, so too the analogous increase in barrel wall thickness along the mid-section may fall within the same ranges.
- a second embodiment of the present invention is a single wall tubular baseball bat which in accordance with the present invention has a thin polymer composite stiffener 18 located externally to the barrel portion 9 generally in the sweetspot area 19 located in proximity to the middle area of the barrel length 1 .
- the resultant stiffened bat results in a calculated lower performance, with a bigger (longer) sweetspot 19 , as previously explained.
- a third embodiment of the present invention is a single wall tubular polymer composite baseball bat which in accordance with the present invention has a localized area of fiber type of greater stiffness and/or angle change 20 resulting in increased radial stiffness generally in the sweetspot area 19 located in proximity to the middle area of the barrel length 1 .
- This embodiment applies equally well to double-wall and multi-wall (more than two walls) tubular all polymer composite baseball bats and is limited to newly designed polymer composite single wall, double-wall, and multi-walled new bats as opposed to field returned bats.
- the fiber types, and/or fiber angles, and/or fiber sizes, and/or composite thickness can be designed such as to graduate the radial stiffness of the barrel wall within the barrel portion 1 along its entire length. That is, the radial stiffness could be higher in the peak performance area (generally the sweetspot area 19 ) than in the lateral regions immediately adjacent to the sweetspot area 19 .
- the radial stiffness could be higher in the peak performance area (generally the sweetspot area 19 ) than in the lateral regions immediately adjacent to the sweetspot area 19 .
- the exact same bat performance change as shown in FIG. 10 and enlarged in sweetspot size 19 can be achieved by bats of FIG. 6 .
- the alternative solution FIG. 6 .
- FIG. 1 showing a single wall tubular bat with a thickened barrel wall 21 and the alternative solution FIG. 6 . 3 showing a double wall tubular bat with a thickened barrel wall 21 , with the same material, location, and thickness of the stiffener 18 will result in the same bat performance change, as shown in FIG. 10 , and resultant enlarged sweetspot size 19 .
- a fourth embodiment of the present invention is a double-wall tubular bat showing two separate members, a frame or main member 16 with an internal insert 13 as a secondary member full length in the barrel length 1 and, in accordance with the present invention, a stiffener 18 located internally within the insert 13 generally confined to the sweetspot area 19 , along the barrel length 1 .
- the stiffener 18 could be located externally to the main member 16 or between the main member 16 and the internal insert 13 .
- the stiffener 18 could be located internally, or externally, or between the members, or combinations thereof.
- a fifth embodiment of the present invention is a double-wall tubular bat showing two separate members, a frame or main member 16 with an external sleeve 14 as a secondary member full length in the barrel length 1 and, in accordance with the present invention, a stiffener 18 , located externally to the sleeve 14 , generally in the area of the sweetspot area 19 along the barrel length 1 .
- the stiffener 18 could be located internally to the main member 16 and the external sleeve 14 .
- the stiffener 18 could be located internally, or externally, or between the members, or combinations thereof.
- All embodiments of the present invention exhibit greater radial stiffness in the mid-section of the barrel length 1 relative to the lateral regions immediately adjacent to the mid-section, resulting in an enlarged sweetspot area 19 .
- bats of the present invention include providing a user with a “soft feel”, having substantially less vibrations transmitted to the user's hand while striking a ball, unique impact sounds, and higher performance for average or below average players when making contact away from the normal sweetspot.
- bats of the present invention with secondary members with a variable outside diameter and by bats with two or more independent annular secondary members internally located along the inside diameter of the external bat frame.
- All bats of the present invention shown in FIG. 12 are characterized by inventive primary secondary members, or inserts 13 , located internally within an external main member, or frame 16 , with frame wall thickness 44 , within the barrel length 1 of the hitting portion of the bat.
- the primary secondary member 13 has an inner surface 53 , an outer surface 55 , an inner diameter 29 , an outer diameter 25 , a wall thickness 27 , a length 26 , a proximal end 58 , and a distal end 59 .
- the normal handle portion located adjacent to the taper proximal portion and knob located at the proximal end of the frame 16 traditional bats.
- a traditional endcap 21 encloses the distal end 49 of the barrel portion 9 .
- the inventive primary secondary members 13 of the bats of FIG. 12 have outer diameters 25 that vary along the majority of the barrel length 1 .
- the variations in outer diameter 25 of the inserts 13 in all bats of FIGS. 12 are dimensioned to produce two or more contact areas 30 with the inside surface 45 of the frame 16 .
- the primary secondary member 13 contact areas 30 have substantially flattened portions of constant maximum outer diameter, while in others the contact portions are much smaller.
- the contact areas 30 create at least one enclosed air cavity 22 with a maximum air cavity thickness 23 of at least 0.010′′.
- the air cavities 22 of the present invention are closed at both ends to produce the desired feel and sound objectives upon ball contact.
- Varying positioning and quantities of the air cavities 22 , and contact areas 30 produce bats with different performance levels, feel, and sound upon barrel portion 9 impact with a ball.
- the ideal thickness 23 of the air cavities 22 has been found by field testing to be 0.020′′ to 0.050′′ which is considerably thicker than prior art bats, where any such air spaces exist only due to manufacturing tolerances of the frame 16 and secondary member 13 .
- the air cavities 22 of the present invention can be filled with an elastomeric material with further performance, feel, and sound effects.
- Such prior art secondary members 13 do not have variable outer diameters. Due to the variable outer diameter 25 , all bats of FIG. 12 can have variable radial stiffness along the barrel length 1 . However, when the frame 16 and/or the primary secondary member 13 is made with composite materials, fiber types and laminating angles can be manipulated to achieve either constant or variable radial stiffness along the barrel length 1 regardless of dimensional variations.
- bats of the present invention are further characterized by the inventive primary secondary member 13 having a variable outer diameter 25 and a variable inner diameter 29 .
- the variable outer diameter 25 of the insert 13 produces variations in the surface profile of the insert 13 which are generally reflected by a corresponding profile on the inner surface 53 of the insert 13 wall.
- the resulting total bat wall thickness 6 variations along the barrel length 1 vary the performance, feel, and sound of the bats of FIGS. 12A through 12F .
- the bat variant of FIG. 12A has a single annular air cavity 22 where the external frame 16 wall acts independently of the insert 13 wall until the contact force between the ball and the external frame 16 increases enough to deflect the external frame inner surface 45 into contact with the insert's outer surface 55 . At that point, the two members 16 and 13 act together, thus creating a non-linear spring. This decreases the peak contact force between the ball and the bat, which reduces the energy losses in the ball, and therefore improves performance.
- the bat variant of FIG. 12B has an insert 13 outside diameter 25 which increases near the barrel mid-portion 50 , narrowing the air cavity 22 thickness. This reduces the performance improvement due to the effect of the gap, discussed in the previous paragraph, near the mid-portion 50 of the barrel length 1 and therefore gives a more uniform bat performance along the barrel length 1 .
- FIG. 12C The bat variant of FIG. 12C is similar to 12 B where the insert 13 makes contact with the frame 16 inner surface 45 near the mid-portion 50 of the barrel length 1 at the insert 13 proximal 58 and distal 59 portions near the barrel ends. This eliminates the performance improvement imparted on the bat by the air cavity 22 at the barrel mid-portion 50 , but creates two independent annular air cavities 22 away from the barrel mid-portion 50 .
- the bat variant of FIG. 12D has an insert 13 where the outside diameter 25 oscillates, or varies periodically along the barrel length 1 .
- the insert 13 becomes stiffer and stronger for a given weight, or lighter for a given stiffness.
- the radial stiffness of the insert 13 increases with increased insert wall thickness 27 , reduced period of oscillation, or increased magnitude of oscillation.
- the bat variant of FIG. 12E has an insert 13 where the outside diameter 25 oscillates, or varies periodically along the barrel length 1 , and where the period of the oscillation increases away from the mid-portion 50 of the barrel length 1 .
- the resultant reduced radial stiffness away from the sweetspot creates a more uniform performance along the barrel length 1 .
- the bat variant of FIG. 12F is a triple wall version of the bat of FIG. 12A created by an additional secondary member 31 .
- additional such members could be added to create a multi-wall bat with more than three walls.
- additional secondary members 31 of any configuration could be added to the bats of FIGS. 12B, 12C , 12 D, and 12 E.
- FIGS. 12G through 12L depict bats characterized by an inventive primary secondary member 13 with a variable outer diameter 25 and a constant inner diameter 29 along the barrel length 1 . Otherwise, the bat variants of FIGS. 12G through L are similar to the bat variants of FIGS. 12A through F.
- the bats of FIG. 13 have two or more independent annular, or ring-like, secondary members 61 of similar cross-section shape of variable dimensions with individual length 62 , along the barrel portion 19 , less than one-half the barrel portion length 1 and are internally located along the inner surface 45 of the external frame 16 .
- the annular secondary members 61 have a length 62 , a wall thickness 63 , an inner surface 64 , an inner diameter 65 , an outer surface 66 , and an outer diameter 67 .
- the bat variant of FIG. 13A has the external frame 16 reinforced by a series of independent inner annular secondary members 61 generally in the form of annular rings.
- the secondary members 61 have a common outer diameter 67 which is equal to or less than the inner diameter 25 of the frame 16 and are generally thicker near the barrel mid-portion 50 of the barrel length 1 and thinner away from it.
- the rings 61 are generally thicker towards the barrel distal end 49 and thinner towards the barrel proximal end 48 because the bat is moving faster at the distal end 49 .
- the annular secondary members 61 could be of constant thickness and have varying material properties to accomplish varying radial stiffness and resultant more uniform performance.
- the bat variant of FIG. 13B has an external frame 16 reinforced by a series of independent annular secondary members 61 in the form of annular rings, in combination with an inner additional secondary continuous member 31 extending along the majority of the barrel length 1 .
- the annular secondary members 61 provide a more uniform bat performance along the barrel length, while the inner additional secondary member 31 supports the impact force.
- the bat variant of FIG. 13C is similar to that of 13 B; however, the annular secondary members 61 have a constant inner diameter 29 .
- the bat variant of FIG. 13D has internal annular secondary members 61 with a uniform inner diameter 29 and outer diameter 25 , which create closed air cavities 22 .
- the bat variant of FIG. 13E has an external frame 16 and axially continuous inner additional secondary member 31 with a series of annular secondary members 61 between the two.
- One candidate for the intermediate members 61 is a series of elastomeric O-rings with higher stiffness near the barrel mid portion 50 .
- the bat variant of FIG. 13F has an axially continuous inner additional secondary member 31 that is thicker in its mid-portion and could, or could not be, in contact with the external frame 16 near the barrel mid-portion 50 and has a reduced outer diameter at the barrel proximal 48 and distal 49 ends.
- the bat has two or more annular secondary members 61 located at the barrel portion 9 proximal 48 and diesel 49 ends. In effect, this bat is double walled at the barrel mid-portion 50 and triple walled away from the barrel mid-portion 50 , giving more uniform bat performance along the barrel length 1 resulting in a broadened sweetspot.
Abstract
Description
- This application claims the benefit of priority of U.S. Provisional Patent Application 60/745,806, filed 27 Apr. 2006, and is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/672,060, filed 29 Sep. 2003.
- The present invention relates to baseball bats and more particularly to tubular baseball bats, constructed of a variety of materials, and more particularly to baseball bats designed to improve player performance. More particularly, baseball bats according to the invention have variable radial stiffness along the barrel length resulting in larger sweet spots, improved batting performance as defined by greater hitting distance, a vibration soft feel, and unique sounds upon contact with a ball while meeting existing, new, or changed performance standards established by regulatory bodies.
- Baseball and softball bats, hereinafter referred to simply as “baseball bats” or “bats”, are today typically made solely from aluminum alloys, or aluminum alloys in combination with composite materials (hybrid bats), or most recently solely from composite materials (with the exception of solid wooden bats for the Major Leagues). Such bats are tubular (hollow inside) in construction in order to meet the weight requirements of the end user, have a cylindrical handle portion for gripping, a cylindrical barrel portion for hitting, and a tapered mid-section connecting the handle and barrel portions. Traditionally, such bats have generally had a constant radial stiffness along their barrel portion length, measuring the radial stiffness along the barrel wall as independent annular segments of the barrel wall at any location along the barrel wall length.
- When aluminum alloys initially replaced wooden bats in most bat categories, the original aluminum bats were formed as a single member, that is, they were made in a unitary manner as a single-walled aluminum tube for the handle, taper, and barrel portions. Such bats are often called single-wall aluminum bats and were known to improve performance relative to wooden bats as defined by increased hit distance. More recently (in the mid 1990's), improvements in bat design largely concentrated on further improving bat performance. This was accomplished primarily by thinning the barrel wall of the single wall bat frame, and adding inner or internal, and or outer or external, secondary members extending along the entire barrel length. These members are often referred to respectively as inserts or sleeves; while the main member is often referred to as a body, shell or frame. Such bats are often called double-wall bats or multi-walled bats in the case of more than two walls resulting from two or more secondary members.
- Such double walled and multi-walled tubular bats generally obtained improved performance in terms of hitting distance by reason of the improved elastic deflection that is characteristic of a multilayer barrel wall. The efficient batting of a ball is maximized by minimizing plastic deformation, both within the bat and within the ball. Ideally, during the collision, the barrel wall of the bat should not deform beyond its elastic limit. Use of a multi-wall two or more member construction along the entire barrel length allows the barrel portion of the bat to elastically deflect or flex more upon ball impact which propels the ball faster and further than prior art single wall bats.
- The scientific principle governing improved bat performance is bending theory. When a ball impacts a bat it has kinetic energy that must be absorbed by the bat in order to stop the ball. The bat stores most of this energy by flexing. The ball as well deforms. After the ball is stopped, the bat returns the energy it has stored by rebounding and sending the ball back towards where it came from. The more the bat barrel or striking portion deforms upon ball impact without failing (denting or breaking) or experiencing plastic deformation, the lower the energy loss and the greater the energy returned to the ball from the bat as the tubular bat barrel portion impacted returns to its original shape.
- To allow the bat barrel portion to deform, requires lowering the radial stiffness of the barrel portion. The prior art double walled and multi-walled tubular bats have traditionally accomplished this by thinning the main member of the barrel portion and adding thin secondary member insert(s) and/or sleeve(s) which are not bonded to the main member, but which generally extend throughout the full length of the barrel portion. Such inserts and sleeves are not coupled to the barrel wall portion of the frame, and these two contacting components may slide with respect to each other in the same manner as leafs within a leaf spring. The resultant lowered radial stiffness along the barrel portion length permits the barrel wall to deflect elastically.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,415,398 to Eggiman is an example of a multiwalled bat that discloses use of a frame and internal insert of constant thickness running full length of the barrel portion of the bat in a double-wall construction.
- Other similar bat designs are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,303,917 to Uke which discloses a two member bat of thermoplastic and composite materials and U.S. Pat. No. 5,364,095 to Easton which discloses a two member bat consisting of an external metal tube and an internal composite sleeve bonded to the inside of the external metal tube and running full length of the barrel portion of the bat.
- U.S. Pat. No. 6,251,034 discloses a polymer composite second tubular member running throughout the full length of the barrel portion of the bat with the members joined at the ends only of the barrel portion with the balance of the composite member freely movable relative to the primary member. U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,440,017 and 6,612,945 to Anderson also disclose two member bats with an outer sleeve and inner shell of constant thickness running full length of the barrel portion. Other references include U.S. Pat. No. 6,063,828 to Pitzenberger, U.S. Pat. No. 6,461,760 to Higginbotham; U.S. Pat. No. 6,425,836B1 to Mizuno, and U.S. Patent Pub. 2001/0094882 A1 to Clauzin.
- In all the prior art multi-walled tubular bats cited so far, the bat secondary member, or insert, extends along the entire frame barrel length, have constant diameters and thickness resulting in uniform cross-sectional geometry along the secondary member length. Also, the bat members are not joined, except at their ends, in order to reduce radial stiffness of the barrel portion to improve bat performance. Also, in all cases, the radial stiffness of the barrel portion is uniform or constant full length of the barrel portion of the bats.
- While the prior art single member, and more particularly, double-walled and multi-walled tubular bats have demonstrated improved performance as claimed, various regulatory bodies have raised safety concerns regarding improved performance bats and thus, some have established maximum performance standards for various categories of baseball bats under their jurisdiction. As a result, manufacturers of baseball bats are required to pass various controlled laboratory tests, such as, bbf (batted ball performance), bbs (batted ball speed), etc. Further, for a given bat category (eg. slowpitch softball), there may be two or more regulatory bodies each of which may establish a different standard. Further, any of the regulatory bodies may change their standard from time to time. Such new or changed or varying regulations are extremely problematic, costly, and disruptive for both manufacturers and players.
- It is not generally desirable to lower the performance of a bat by simply increasing the thickness of the barrel wall of one or more of the barrel members along its full length. Lowering the performance of the bat by merely increasing the wall thickness can increase weight such that the finished bat weight standard or objective is exceeded. On the other hand, it is desirable to increase the wall thickness only in the sweetspot, or mid region, of the barrel portion of the bat without significantly increasing the weight.
- Therefore, what is needed is a simple, low cost invention to vary, e.g. decrease, bat performance of tubular bats in a controlled manner, in order to meet lowered or changed bat performance standard requirements without significantly increasing or departing from standard bat weight. Further, in conjunction with causing a decrease in batting performance it would be desirable to improve another bat characteristic such as “sweetspot” size.
- The sweet spot of a bat is generally the portion of the barrel which, with when struck by the ball, provides maximum batting performance. It is the location on the barrel at which the collision occurs with maximum efficiency and with the transmission of minimum vibration through the handle to the hands of a user. While highly subjective, many players would accept that the sweet spot portion on the bat has a dimension of approximately 2 inches, possibly up to 4 inches, in length and is located generally midway along the barrel portion. It is highly desirable to provide improved bats with a predetermined maximum allowable bat performance and a larger sweetspot region than bats of the prior art. This is one of the primary objectives of the present invention. Further, multi-wall bats of the present invention with inventive secondary members with non-uniform cross-sections along their length provide a vibration free soft feel and produce unique sounds upon contact with a ball.
- U.S. published patent application No. 2005/0070384 with patent application filed Sep. 29, 2003, by the inventors of the current application, addresses the larger sweetspot region objective by varying radial stiffness along the barrel length by adding a stiffener, or by changing fibre properties along the barrel length, or by thickening the barrel wall generally in the area of the sweetspot.
- U.S. Pat. No. 6,949,038 issued to Fritzke filed Jan. 21, 2004 also addresses this objective. The Fritzke '038 reference purports to achieve an improved sweet spot characteristic by providing a secondary member, located either inside or outside the barrel of a standard frame, wherein the secondary member has a constant outside diameter with an internal wall whose thickness increases while proceeding from its ends inwardly towards the opposing ends. Generally, this thickening is shown to increase to a maximum around the mid-portion of the length of the secondary member. In one figure,
FIG. 12 , this thickness is shown to partially decrease around the mid-portion of the length of the secondary member, providing two laterally placed regions of maximum thickness on either side of the mid-portion. - While the present inventor's earlier publication and the Fritzke patent represent different means of achieving an enlarged sweet spot of a baseball bat, the present invention includes other means to achieve the same result plus additional benefits regarding performance, feel and sound. Field testing has repeatedly shown that a “soft” feel upon ball impact and/or a “pleasing” sound are both player perceptions which are often favoured by the player over absolute performance as measured by hit distance.
- Therefore, in view of the foregoing, what is needed is a tubular baseball bat with a specific distribution of variable radial stiffness along their barrel portions in order to vary bat performance along the barrel hitting portion length, to make the bat feel “soft” when striking a ball, and to produce a pleasing sound upon impact with the ball. To achieve these objectives, the bats of the present invention are stiffened in the barrel area of peak bat performance commonly referred to as the sweetspot. Typically, this is an area approximately 2″ to 4″ in width as compared to barrel portion lengths of 4″ to 16″. This is achieved by the presence of an inventive geometric secondary member, or members, with non-constant outside diameters positioned internally within the bat frame, or by independent numerous annular secondary members located along the inner surface of the barrel portion of an external bat frame, or by inserting or adding to the bat a circumferential stiffener in the region of the sweetspot, or by making the barrel wall thicker in the region of the sweetspot, or by having stiffer material in the region of the sweetspot. Such embodiments also can provide variable bat performance along the barrel length, enlarge the sweetspot size, improve bat performance, have a softer feel upon ball impacts, and produce unique pleasing sounds upon ball impact.
- In one embodiment of the present invention, the inventive internal secondary members have a variable outside diameter and constant wall thickness and are characterized by variations in the surface profile on one side of the secondary member wall being reflected by a corresponding profile on the other side of the secondary wall that provide at least two or more contact regions with the internal barrel portion of the frame barrel wall that in turn create at least one functional air cavity that is closed at both ends. In one variant of the invention internal secondary members have constant internal diameters.
- In another embodiment of the present invention, two or more independent annular or ring like, members of generally consistent cross-sectional geometry with variable dimensions and with length less than one-half the barrel portion length are internally located in unbonded contact along the inner wall of the barrel portion of an external bat frame. An additional secondary bat member of length approaching the barrel length may be located internally to the annular secondary members.
- In another embodiment, a short light weight polymer composite circumferential stiffener of the invention as employed adds only minimal weight to a given bat thus allowing the stiffened bat to continued to be used within the required weight requirements set by the relevant governing body. The stiffener of the present invention can be added to previously constructed tubular bats returned from players for modification to meet a changed regulation allowing such previously manufactured bats to meet a changed standard. Though somewhat heavier, a short metallic stiffener could also be employed. An alternative method of varying stiffness, and thus bat performance, along the barrel portion is to vary thickness along the barrel portion.
- Another alternative solution of the present invention for all composite bats is accomplished by engineering calculation considering selection of the composite fiber type, the fibre size, the angles of the fibers, and the thickness of the polymer composite stiffener to be employed to precisely lower the bat performance.
- While tubular bats of the present invention have variable radial stiffness along their barrel portions to achieve a specific predetermined bat maximum bat performance, it is simultaneously possible to achieve a sweetspot which is larger than the sweetspot typically found in tubular bats of the prior art. In the present invention this is accomplished by selectively radially stiffening only the peak performance area (generally the sweetspot area) of the bat to provide a radial stiffness therein which is greater than the radial stiffness of the barrel portion area immediately adjacent on both sides of the sweetspot. The resultant effect can be to approximately double the sweetspot size (that is, the area of the barrel portion which provides maximum bat performance). Further, bats of the present invention with secondary members with a variable outside diameter, with or without thickened end portions have a softer feel upon impact and produce unique impact sounds.
- The foregoing summarizes the principal features of the invention and some of its optional aspects. The invention may be further understood by the description of the preferred embodiments, in conjunction with the drawings, which follow.
-
FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal cross-section of a typical prior art single wall tubular bat with a singular frame, or member, construction. -
FIG. 1A shows a cross-sectional area taken at any location through the barrel portion of theFIG. 1 prior art tubular bat. -
FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal cross-section of a typical prior art double-wall tubular bat with two separate members, a frame or main member with an internal insert as a secondary member in the barrel area. Both the frame and insert run the full length of the barrel portion and are not joined full length. -
FIG. 2A shows a cross-sectional area taken at any location through the barrel portion of theFIG. 1 prior art tubular bat. -
FIG. 3 shows a longitudinal cross-section of a typical prior art double-wall tubular bat with two separate members, a frame or main member with an external sleeve secondary member in the barrel portion. Both the frame and sleeve run the full length of the barrel portion and are not joined full length. -
FIG. 3A shows a cross-sectional area taken at any location through the barrel portion of theFIG. 3 prior art tubular bat. -
FIG. 4 shows a longitudinal cross-section of one embodiment of the present invention showing a single wall tubular bat in accordance with the present invention showing an internal stiffener generally confined to the sweetspot area of the barrel portion and joined to the barrel portion. -
FIG. 4A shows a cross-sectional area of a barrel location not within the sweetspot area. -
FIG. 4B shows a cross-sectional area within the sweetspot area showing the internal stiffener of the present invention. -
FIG. 5 shows a longitudinal cross-section of a second embodiment of the present invention showing a single wall tubular bat in accordance with the present invention with an external stiffener generally confined to the sweetspot area of the barrel portion and joined to the barrel portion. -
FIG. 5A shows a cross-sectional area at a barrel location not within the sweetspot area. -
FIG. 5B shows a cross-sectional area within the sweetspot area showing an external stiffener of the present invention. -
FIG. 6 shows a longitudinal cross-section of a third embodiment of the present invention showing a single wall polymer composite tubular bat in accordance with the present invention showing a localized area of the fiber type and/or angle change resulting in increased radial stiffness generally confined to the sweetspot area of the barrel portion. -
FIG. 6A shows a cross-sectional area at a barrel location not within the sweetspot area. -
FIG. 6B shows a cross-sectional area within the sweetspot area showing a stiffened area of changed fiber angles and/or type. -
FIG. 6 .1 shows a longitudinal cross section of a single wall polymer composite tubular bat in accordance with the present invention showing the alternative construction incorporating a thickenedbarrel wall 21 resulting in increased radial stiffness generally confined to the sweetspot area of the barrel portion. -
FIG. 6 .1A shows a cross-sectional area at a barrel location not within the sweetspot area. -
FIG. 6 .1B shows a cross-sectional area within the sweetspot area showing a stiffened area with thicker barrel wall. -
FIG. 6 .2 shows a longitudinal cross-section of an alternative double wall polymer composite bat in accordance with the present invention showing a localized area of the fibre type and/or fibre angle change within the insert resulting in increased radial stiffness generally confined to the sweetspot area of the barrel portion. -
FIG. 6 .2A shows a cross-sectional area at a barrel location not within the sweetspot area. -
FIG. 6 .2B shows a cross-sectional area within the sweetspot area showing a stiffened area of changed fibre angles and/or type. -
FIG. 6 .3 shows a longitudinal cross-section of a double wall polymer composite bat in accordance with the present invention with an alternative construction showing a thickenedbarrel wall 21 within the insert resulting in increased radial stiffness generally confirmed to the sweetspot areas of the barrel portion. -
FIG. 6 .3A shows a cross-sectional area of a barrel location not within the sweetspot area. -
FIG. 6 .3B shows a cross-sectional area within the sweetspot area showing a stiffened area with thicker barrel wall. -
FIG. 7 shows a longitudinal cross-section of a fourth embodiment of the present invention showing a double-wall tubular bat with two separate members, a frame or main member with an internal insert as a secondary member full length in the barrel portion, and in accordance with the present invention, showing an internal stiffener generally confined to the sweetspot area of the barrel portion and joined to the barrel portion. -
FIG. 7A shows a cross-sectional area at a barrel location not within the sweetspot area. -
FIG. 7B shows a cross-sectional area within the sweetspot area showing the internal stiffener. -
FIG. 8 shows a longitudinal cross-section of a fifth embodiment of the present invention showing a double-wall tubular bat with two separate members, a frame or main member with an external sleeve as a secondary member full length in the barrel portion, and in accordance with the present invention showing an external stiffener generally confined to the sweetspot area of the barrel portion and joined to the barrel portion. -
FIG. 8A shows a cross-sectional area at a barrel location not within the sweetspot area. -
FIG. 8B shows a cross-sectional area within the sweetspot area showing the external stiffener. -
FIG. 9 shows in graphical form the typical relationship between tubular bat performance and barrel location and sweetspot size. -
FIG. 10 shows in graphical form a typical relationship between tubular bat performance of a bat of the present invention and barrel location and sweetspot size. -
FIG. 11A shows a longitudinal cross-section of the barrel portion of a typical prior art single wall tubular bat with a singular frame, or main member. Not shown inFIG. 11A and all following figures is the traditional bat handle portion located at the proximal end of the taper portion. -
FIG. 11B shows a longitudinal cross-section of the barrel portion of a typical prior art single wall tubular bat with a singular frame, or main member, construction wherein the barrel wall is inwardly thickened generally in the area of the sweetspot. -
FIG. 11C shows a longitudinal cross-section of the barrel portion of a typical prior art double wall tubular bat with an external frame and a secondary internal member, or insert. -
FIG. 11D shows a longitudinal cross-section of the barrel portion of a typical prior art double wall tubular bat with an external frame and a secondary internal member, or insert, wherein the insert is inwardly thickened generally in the area of the sweetspot. -
FIG. 11E shows a longitudinal cross-section of the barrel portion of a typical prior art double wall tubular bat with an external frame and a secondary internal member, or insert, wherein both the frame and the insert are inwardly thickened generally in the area of the sweetspot. -
FIG. 12A shows a longitudinal cross-section of the barrel portion of one embodiment of the present invention showing a double wall tubular bat with an external frame and a primary secondary member, or insert, located internally within the frame wherein the primary secondary member has an outer diameter which varies along the length of the member, a constant wall thickness, two contact regions with the frame barrel portion inner surface, and one air cavity that is closed at both ends. -
FIG. 12B shows a variant of the bat ofFIG. 12A wherein the primary secondary member has a constant wall thickness, there are two contact regions, and one closed air cavity, wherein the thickness of the air cavity is reduced generally in the area of the barrel mid portion. -
FIG. 12C shows a variant of the bat ofFIG. 12A wherein the primary secondary member has a constant wall thickness, there are three contact regions and two closed air cavities. -
FIG. 12D shows a variant of the bat ofFIG. 12A wherein the primary secondary member has a constant wall thickness and the outer diameter of the primary secondary member oscillates periodically along its length between a maximum and a minimum diameter, creating multiple contact regions and multiple closed air cavities. -
FIG. 12E shows a variant of the bat ofFIG. 12D wherein the period of the oscillation of outside diameter of the primary secondary member increases away from the barrel mid portion. -
FIG. 12F shows a variant of the bat ofFIG. 12A with a primary secondary member and an additional secondary member located internally to the primary secondary member wherein both secondary members have outer diameters which vary along the length of the secondary members, have constant wall thicknesses, two contact regions each, and one closed air cavity each. -
FIG. 12G shows a variant of the bat ofFIG. 12A wherein the primary secondary member has a constant diameter internal surface, a non-constant diameter external surface, a non-constant wall thickness, two contact regions with the internal frame wall, and one air cavity that is closed at both ends. -
FIG. 12H shows a variant of the bat ofFIG. 12G wherein the primary secondary member has two contact regions and one closed air cavity that has a non-uniform cross-section. -
FIG. 12I shows a variant of the bat ofFIG. 12G wherein the primary secondary member has three contact regions and two closed air cavities. -
FIG. 12J shows a variant of the bat ofFIG. 12D wherein the primary secondary member has a constant diameter internal surface. -
FIG. 12K shows a variant of the bat ofFIG. 12E wherein the primary secondary member has a constant diameter internal surface. -
FIG. 12L shows a variant of the bat ofFIG. 12F wherein the primary secondary member has a constant diameter internal surface. -
FIG. 13A shows a longitudinal cross-section of the barrel portion of a second embodiment of the present invention showing a double wall tubular bat with an external frame, and six independent annular secondary members, or rings, each of length less than one-half the frame barrel portion length and varying thickness, each internally located side by side, with or without spaces between, along the frame barrel portion length against the barrel portion inner surface of the external bat frame. -
FIG. 13B shows a multi-wall bat variant of the bat ofFIG. 13A wherein there are six independent annular secondary members each of length less than one-half the frame barrel portion length, each internally located along the frame inner wall surface, and a tubular additional secondary member with length approaching the frame barrel portion length and located internally to the annular secondary members and in contact with at least one annular secondary member, generally extending co-extensively with the frame barrel portion. -
FIG. 13C shows a variant of the bat ofFIG. 13B wherein there are six independent annular secondary members each of length less than one-half the frame barrel portion length, each internally located along the additional secondary member outer wall surface and internally to the external frame inner wall surface. -
FIG. 13D shows a variant of the bat ofFIG. 13B wherein there are three independent annular secondary members of constant thickness each internally located between and abutting against the external frame inner wall surface and the additional secondary member outer wall surface forming three closed air cavities. -
FIG. 13E shows a variant of the back ofFIG. 13D wherein there are multiple annular secondary members with or without multiple air cavities. -
FIG. 13F shows a longitudinal cross-section of the barrel portion of another embodiment of the present invention showing a multi-wall tubular bat with an external frame, and two annular secondary members, or rings, each of length less than one-half the frame barrel portion length, wherein each annular secondary member is located between the outer frame and an additional secondary member with length approaching the frame barrel portion length, wherein the wall of the additional secondary member is thickest generally in the frame barrel mid portion providing a contact area between the inner surface of the frame and the outer surface of the additional secondary member. - The present invention is directed to providing tubular baseball bats with variable radial stiffness along the length of the barrel or hitting
portion 1, of the bats. Bats of the present invention can have alarger sweetspot size 19, have a soft feel with substantially reduced vibrations, and produce unique pleasing sounds upon impact with a baseball or softball. Further, such bats can be produced at reasonably low costs. - Unless otherwise indicated, the term stiffness as used in this disclosure is equivalent to the modulus of elasticity and is a measure of the change in length of a material under loading. For a tubular body, such as a baseball bat, stiffness of the material can be measured in the axial direction, parallel to the longitudinal axis of the tube, or the radial or transverse direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the tube. Radial stiffness is a measure of the force required to depress any given a section of the tube in the radial direction. Radial stiffness is a function of modulus of the material, the tube thickness and the tube diameter. Radial stiffness is measured along the barrel wall as independent annular segments of the barrel wall at each measurement location.
- The prior art bats are shown in
FIGS. 1, 2 , 3, and 11.FIGS. 1 and 11 A show a single wall tubular bat with main member orframe 16.FIGS. 2 and 11 C show a double wall tubular bat with an insert or primarysecondary member 13, formed separately from themain member 16, which is fitted into theentire barrel length 1 of themain member 16.FIG. 3 shows a double wall tubular bat with asleeve 14, formed separately from themain member 16, which is fitted over theentire barrel length 1 of themain member 16.FIG. 11B shows a single wall tubular bat with themain member 16 being internally thickened in the barrel mid-section.FIGS. 11D and 11E show double wall tubular bats with an internally thickenedsecondary member 13 and in the case ofFIG. 11E also an internally thickenedmain member 16. - Though not indicated in
FIGS. 1 through 8 , and 11 through 14, bats of the present invention, similarly to bats of the prior art, include a traditional knob at thehandle portion end 5, or proximal end of the bat, and a traditional end cap 21 (not shown inFIGS. 1 through 8 ) at thebarrel portion end 4, the distal end, both of which can be made from a variety of materials. - Most adult tubular baseball bats of the prior art have maximum outside
barrel portion diameter 2 of either 2.625 inches or 2.75 inches. Depending on the taper portion geometry of the mid-section 8, and the total length of the bat, thebarrel length 1 as defined by length of constantmaximum diameter 2, ranges from 4 to 12 inches. Totalbarrel wall thickness 6 ranges from 0.100 inches to 0.140 inches for aluminum bats and up to 0.220 inches for all composite bats and is measured at any point along the barrel wall as the outside diameter of the frame or member with the largest outside diameter minus the inside diameter of the member with the smallest outside diameter including any gaps, or spaces, between the two extreme diameters. - Most youth baseball bats and softball bats of the prior art have maximum outside
barrel portion diameter 2 of 2.25 inches. Depending on the taper portion geometry of the mid-section 8, thebarrel length 1 ranges from 4 to 16 inches.Barrel wall thickness 6 ranges from 0.060 inches to 0.090 inches for aluminum bats and up to 0.220 inches for all composite bats. - The bats of the present invention, shown in
FIGS. 4 through 8 , and 12 through 14, have similar dimensions to the foregoing prior art bats shown inFIGS. 1, 2 , 3, and 11. - A first embodiment of the present invention
FIG. 4 is a single wall tubular baseball bat consisting of acylindrical handle portion 7 for gripping, a cylindricaltubular barrel portion 9 for striking or hitting, and atapered portion 8 connecting thehandle 7 andbarrel 9 portions, with a thin polymercomposite stiffener 18 having a stiffener wall located internally within thebarrel portion 9 and extending longitudinally in the mid-section,sweetspot area 19 of thebarrel length 1. - A polymer composite is a non-homogenous material consisting of continuous fibers embedded in, and wetted by, a polymeric resin matrix whereby the properties of the material are superior to those of its constituent fibers and resin taken separately. Such polymer composites are anistropic materials since they exhibit different responses to stresses applied in different directions depending on how the fibers are aligned or angled within the matrix.
- Other materials commonly used in bat constructions such as aluminum, wood and plastics are not anistropic and are thus limited in controlling bat performance; for example, radial stiffness is equal to longitudinal stiffness and cannot be graduated along the
barrel length 1. However, with composite materials, which are preferred, properties of bats made in accordance with the present invention, such as radial stiffness which determines bat performance can be controlled (i.e. designed to a given requirement) by altering such parameters as the fiber alignments along thebarrel length 1, and/or the type of fibers chosen, their demier or layout density and/or the thickness of the polymer composite structure. - Generally, the fiber materials used are selected from a group consisting of fiberglass, graphite or carbon, aramid, boron, nylon, or hybrids of any of the foregoing, all of which are commercially available. The resins used to impregnate, wet out, and encapsulate or imbed the fiber materials are generally selected from a group consisting of epoxy, polyester, vinyl ester, urethane, or a thermoplastic such as nylon, or mixtures thereof.
- The first embodiment of the present invention, depicted in
FIG. 4 , consists of a thin polymercomposite stiffener 18 located internally within thebarrel portion 9 generally in thesweetspot area 19 located in proximity to the middle or mid-section area of thebarrel length 1 of a single wall tubular bat. The resultant stiffened bat results in a predetermined calculated lower performance, with anenlarged sweetspot 19, as subsequently explained. - The
sweetspot area 19 of a baseball bat is generally referred to as that area along thebarrel length 1 in which bat performance is greatest; that is, a ball struck within thesweetspot area 19 will travel further than a ball struck on either side of the sweetspot area. Typically, thesweetspot area 19 is located around the middle of thebarrel length 1 and is in the order of about 2 inches to 4 inches in length when compared tooverall barrel lengths 1 which range from approximately 4 inches to 16 inches or more. - In actual practice, the performance of a baseball bat of the prior art follows a statistical normal distribution along the
barrel length 1, usually centered near the middle of thebarrel length 1 in thesweetspot area 19.FIG. 9 shows a typical bat performance distribution example with a 12-inch barrel length 1. - In
FIG. 9 , the maximum bbs (one measure of bat performance standard) is 100 while most players would describe the sweetspot as being approximately 2 inch long (that is, the portion of the barrel length equal to or greater than 98 bbs). The bat of this particular sample meets a bat performance factor standard of 100 bbs maximum if so regulated. - If the applicable regulatory body for the bat in the
FIG. 9 example changed the bat performance standard from 100 bbs maximum to say 96 bbs maximum, the bat of the present invention could be provided with a specifically designed 4 inch polymercomposite stiffener 18 located in the center of thebarrel length 1.FIG. 10 shows the bbs versus barrel length for this example. - In
FIG. 10 , in an example of the present invention, the combined barrel wall, with the polymercomposite stiffener 18 present, is approximately twice as stiff in thecenter 2 inches of thesweetspot area 19 as in the 1 inch area immediately adjacent to the center or mid-section area on each side of the center area. The polymercomposite stiffener 18 fiber type, fiber angles and thicknesses are designed such as to reduce the bbs from 100 to 96 in thecenter 2 inch area of thebarrel length 1 and from 98 to 96 bbs in the 1 inch areas immediately adjacent to the center area. As a result of the present invention, the resultant typical example bat meets the lowered regulatory standard of 96 bbs with asweetspot area 19 which has been increased in size by 100% (from 2 inches wide to 4 inches wide). At the same time the regions around points A and B have been introduced into the batting performance curve ofFIG. 10 that were not present in the curve ofFIG. 9 , with the more flattened portion there-between that is characteristic of an enlarged sweet spot. - Alternatively, thickening the total barrel wall with the same material, the same thickness, and the same location as the stiffener results in the identical reduced bat performance.
- The first embodiment (i.e. as shown in
FIG. 4 ) of the present invention is particularly suited to retrofitting used bats returned by players and making them legally playable under a revised standard. - The thin polymer
composite stiffener 18 of the present invention has a stiffener wall which is typically in the order of 0.010 inches to 0.040 inches in thickness, preferably 0.020″ with a length of 2 inches to 6 inches which is typically less than 50% of the barrel length, such as 16⅔% of the barrel length, as is apparent fromFIG. 10 . A 4 inch stiffener, as referenced in paragraph [0059], in a 12 inch barrel as referenced inFIG. 10 , would represent 33.3% of the barrel length; a 4 inch stiffener in a 16 inch barrel would represent 25%, and a 2 inch stiffener in a 16 inch barrel would represent 12.5% of the barrel length. Thestiffener 18 is preferably bonded, fully or partially, to themain member 16, or to thesecondary member insert 13 ofFIG. 7 or to thesecondary member sleeve 14 ofFIG. 8 , or combinations thereof on either the internal or external barrel walls, as shown inFIGS. 4, 5 , 7 and 8. Analogous toFIGS. 4, 5 , 7 and 8 an alternative solution (since stiffness is proportional to thickness) to thestiffener 18 is to vary thebarrel thickness 6 to the same extent and manner along any portion of thebarrel length 1 of any bat according to the invention, including the bat ofFIG. 6 in order to vary bat performance. The barrel portion's effective wall thickness in the mid-section can be greater by 8⅓% or more over the thickness of the barrel in the lateral, adjacent portions. Conversely, the barrel wall's thickness beyond its central portion, in the lateral regions proceeding towards the end portions of the barrel, may be at least 8⅓% thinner than the thickness of the barrel wall in the mid-section. Just as the stiffener wall may be typically in the order of 0.005 inches to 0.040 inches in thickness, or 0.010 inches to 0.040 inches in thickness, or 0.015 inches to 0.040 inches in thickness, or 0.015 inches to 0.030 inches, so too the analogous increase in barrel wall thickness along the mid-section may fall within the same ranges. - A second embodiment of the present invention, as shown in
FIG. 5 , is a single wall tubular baseball bat which in accordance with the present invention has a thin polymercomposite stiffener 18 located externally to thebarrel portion 9 generally in thesweetspot area 19 located in proximity to the middle area of thebarrel length 1. The resultant stiffened bat results in a calculated lower performance, with a bigger (longer)sweetspot 19, as previously explained. - A third embodiment of the present invention, as shown in
FIG. 6 , is a single wall tubular polymer composite baseball bat which in accordance with the present invention has a localized area of fiber type of greater stiffness and/orangle change 20 resulting in increased radial stiffness generally in thesweetspot area 19 located in proximity to the middle area of thebarrel length 1. This embodiment applies equally well to double-wall and multi-wall (more than two walls) tubular all polymer composite baseball bats and is limited to newly designed polymer composite single wall, double-wall, and multi-walled new bats as opposed to field returned bats. The fiber types, and/or fiber angles, and/or fiber sizes, and/or composite thickness can be designed such as to graduate the radial stiffness of the barrel wall within thebarrel portion 1 along its entire length. That is, the radial stiffness could be higher in the peak performance area (generally the sweetspot area 19) than in the lateral regions immediately adjacent to thesweetspot area 19. In fact, by duplicating the increase in radial stiffness in the barrel mid-section as achieved by thestiffener 18 ofFIG. 4 or 7, the exact same bat performance change as shown inFIG. 10 and enlarged insweetspot size 19 can be achieved by bats ofFIG. 6 . Similarly, the alternative solutionFIG. 6 .1 showing a single wall tubular bat with a thickenedbarrel wall 21 and the alternative solutionFIG. 6 .3 showing a double wall tubular bat with a thickenedbarrel wall 21, with the same material, location, and thickness of thestiffener 18 will result in the same bat performance change, as shown inFIG. 10 , and resultantenlarged sweetspot size 19. - A fourth embodiment of the present invention, as shown in
FIG. 7 , is a double-wall tubular bat showing two separate members, a frame ormain member 16 with aninternal insert 13 as a secondary member full length in thebarrel length 1 and, in accordance with the present invention, astiffener 18 located internally within theinsert 13 generally confined to thesweetspot area 19, along thebarrel length 1. Though not shown, thestiffener 18 could be located externally to themain member 16 or between themain member 16 and theinternal insert 13. Also, though not shown, in multi-walled bats thestiffener 18 could be located internally, or externally, or between the members, or combinations thereof. - A fifth embodiment of the present invention, as shown in
FIG. 8 , is a double-wall tubular bat showing two separate members, a frame ormain member 16 with anexternal sleeve 14 as a secondary member full length in thebarrel length 1 and, in accordance with the present invention, astiffener 18, located externally to thesleeve 14, generally in the area of thesweetspot area 19 along thebarrel length 1. Though not shown, thestiffener 18 could be located internally to themain member 16 and theexternal sleeve 14. Also, though not shown, in multi-walled bats, thestiffener 18 could be located internally, or externally, or between the members, or combinations thereof. - All embodiments of the present invention, as shown in
FIGS. 4, 5 , 6, 7, 8, 12C, 12I, 13A, 13B, 13C, 13D, and 13F, exhibit greater radial stiffness in the mid-section of thebarrel length 1 relative to the lateral regions immediately adjacent to the mid-section, resulting in anenlarged sweetspot area 19. - Besides an enlarged sweetspot, other objectives of bats of the present invention include providing a user with a “soft feel”, having substantially less vibrations transmitted to the user's hand while striking a ball, unique impact sounds, and higher performance for average or below average players when making contact away from the normal sweetspot. These further objectives are achieved by bats of the present invention with secondary members with a variable outside diameter and by bats with two or more independent annular secondary members internally located along the inside diameter of the external bat frame.
- All bats of the present invention shown in
FIG. 12 are characterized by inventive primary secondary members, or inserts 13, located internally within an external main member, orframe 16, withframe wall thickness 44, within thebarrel length 1 of the hitting portion of the bat. The primarysecondary member 13 has aninner surface 53, anouter surface 55, aninner diameter 29, anouter diameter 25, awall thickness 27, alength 26, aproximal end 58, and adistal end 59. Not shown in theFIGS. 12 and 13 bats is the normal handle portion located adjacent to the taper proximal portion and knob located at the proximal end of theframe 16 traditional bats. Atraditional endcap 21 encloses thedistal end 49 of thebarrel portion 9. The inventive primarysecondary members 13 of the bats ofFIG. 12 haveouter diameters 25 that vary along the majority of thebarrel length 1. The variations inouter diameter 25 of theinserts 13 in all bats of FIGS. 12 are dimensioned to produce two ormore contact areas 30 with theinside surface 45 of theframe 16. In some variants of the bats ofFIG. 12 , the primarysecondary member 13contact areas 30 have substantially flattened portions of constant maximum outer diameter, while in others the contact portions are much smaller. Thecontact areas 30 create at least oneenclosed air cavity 22 with a maximumair cavity thickness 23 of at least 0.010″. The air cavities 22 of the present invention are closed at both ends to produce the desired feel and sound objectives upon ball contact. Varying positioning and quantities of theair cavities 22, andcontact areas 30, produce bats with different performance levels, feel, and sound uponbarrel portion 9 impact with a ball. To produce the desired unique soft bat feel and sound upon impact, theideal thickness 23 of theair cavities 22 has been found by field testing to be 0.020″ to 0.050″ which is considerably thicker than prior art bats, where any such air spaces exist only due to manufacturing tolerances of theframe 16 andsecondary member 13. The air cavities 22 of the present invention can be filled with an elastomeric material with further performance, feel, and sound effects. Such prior artsecondary members 13 do not have variable outer diameters. Due to the variableouter diameter 25, all bats ofFIG. 12 can have variable radial stiffness along thebarrel length 1. However, when theframe 16 and/or the primarysecondary member 13 is made with composite materials, fiber types and laminating angles can be manipulated to achieve either constant or variable radial stiffness along thebarrel length 1 regardless of dimensional variations. - As seen in
FIGS. 12A through 12F bats of the present invention are further characterized by the inventive primarysecondary member 13 having a variableouter diameter 25 and a variableinner diameter 29. The variableouter diameter 25 of theinsert 13 produces variations in the surface profile of theinsert 13 which are generally reflected by a corresponding profile on theinner surface 53 of theinsert 13 wall. The resulting totalbat wall thickness 6 variations along thebarrel length 1 vary the performance, feel, and sound of the bats ofFIGS. 12A through 12F . - The bat variant of
FIG. 12A has a singleannular air cavity 22 where theexternal frame 16 wall acts independently of theinsert 13 wall until the contact force between the ball and theexternal frame 16 increases enough to deflect the external frameinner surface 45 into contact with the insert'souter surface 55. At that point, the twomembers - The bat variant of
FIG. 12B has aninsert 13 outsidediameter 25 which increases near the barrel mid-portion 50, narrowing theair cavity 22 thickness. This reduces the performance improvement due to the effect of the gap, discussed in the previous paragraph, near the mid-portion 50 of thebarrel length 1 and therefore gives a more uniform bat performance along thebarrel length 1. - The bat variant of
FIG. 12C is similar to 12B where theinsert 13 makes contact with theframe 16inner surface 45 near the mid-portion 50 of thebarrel length 1 at theinsert 13 proximal 58 and distal 59 portions near the barrel ends. This eliminates the performance improvement imparted on the bat by theair cavity 22 at the barrel mid-portion 50, but creates two independentannular air cavities 22 away from the barrel mid-portion 50. - The bat variant of
FIG. 12D has aninsert 13 where theoutside diameter 25 oscillates, or varies periodically along thebarrel length 1. When the period of the oscillations is reduced theinsert 13 becomes stiffer and stronger for a given weight, or lighter for a given stiffness. The radial stiffness of theinsert 13 increases with increasedinsert wall thickness 27, reduced period of oscillation, or increased magnitude of oscillation. - The bat variant of
FIG. 12E has aninsert 13 where theoutside diameter 25 oscillates, or varies periodically along thebarrel length 1, and where the period of the oscillation increases away from the mid-portion 50 of thebarrel length 1. The resultant reduced radial stiffness away from the sweetspot creates a more uniform performance along thebarrel length 1. - The bat variant of
FIG. 12F is a triple wall version of the bat ofFIG. 12A created by an additionalsecondary member 31. Though not shown, additional such members could be added to create a multi-wall bat with more than three walls. Similarly, though not shown, additionalsecondary members 31 of any configuration could be added to the bats ofFIGS. 12B, 12C , 12D, and 12E. -
FIGS. 12G through 12L depict bats characterized by an inventive primarysecondary member 13 with a variableouter diameter 25 and a constantinner diameter 29 along thebarrel length 1. Otherwise, the bat variants ofFIGS. 12G through L are similar to the bat variants ofFIGS. 12A through F. - In another embodiment of the present invention, the bats of
FIG. 13 have two or more independent annular, or ring-like,secondary members 61 of similar cross-section shape of variable dimensions withindividual length 62, along thebarrel portion 19, less than one-half thebarrel portion length 1 and are internally located along theinner surface 45 of theexternal frame 16. The annularsecondary members 61 have alength 62, awall thickness 63, aninner surface 64, aninner diameter 65, anouter surface 66, and an outer diameter 67. - The bat variant of
FIG. 13A has theexternal frame 16 reinforced by a series of independent inner annularsecondary members 61 generally in the form of annular rings. Thesecondary members 61 have a common outer diameter 67 which is equal to or less than theinner diameter 25 of theframe 16 and are generally thicker near the barrel mid-portion 50 of thebarrel length 1 and thinner away from it. Therings 61 are generally thicker towards the barreldistal end 49 and thinner towards the barrelproximal end 48 because the bat is moving faster at thedistal end 49. Although not shown, the annularsecondary members 61 could be of constant thickness and have varying material properties to accomplish varying radial stiffness and resultant more uniform performance. - The bat variant of
FIG. 13B has anexternal frame 16 reinforced by a series of independent annularsecondary members 61 in the form of annular rings, in combination with an inner additional secondarycontinuous member 31 extending along the majority of thebarrel length 1. The annularsecondary members 61 provide a more uniform bat performance along the barrel length, while the inner additionalsecondary member 31 supports the impact force. - The bat variant of
FIG. 13C is similar to that of 13B; however, the annularsecondary members 61 have a constantinner diameter 29. - The bat variant of
FIG. 13D has internal annularsecondary members 61 with a uniforminner diameter 29 andouter diameter 25, which createclosed air cavities 22. - The bat variant of
FIG. 13E has anexternal frame 16 and axially continuous inner additionalsecondary member 31 with a series of annularsecondary members 61 between the two. One candidate for theintermediate members 61 is a series of elastomeric O-rings with higher stiffness near the barrelmid portion 50. - The bat variant of
FIG. 13F has an axially continuous inner additionalsecondary member 31 that is thicker in its mid-portion and could, or could not be, in contact with theexternal frame 16 near the barrel mid-portion 50 and has a reduced outer diameter at the barrel proximal 48 and distal 49 ends. The bat has two or more annularsecondary members 61 located at thebarrel portion 9 proximal 48 anddiesel 49 ends. In effect, this bat is double walled at the barrel mid-portion 50 and triple walled away from the barrel mid-portion 50, giving more uniform bat performance along thebarrel length 1 resulting in a broadened sweetspot. - The invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
- Conclusion
- The foregoing has constituted a description of specific embodiments showing how the invention may be applied and put into use. These embodiments are only exemplary. The invention in its broadest, more specific aspects, is further described and defined in the claims which now follow.
- These claims, and the language used therein, are to be understood in terms of the variants of the invention which have been described. They are not to be restricted to such variants, but are to be read as covering the full scope of the invention as is implicit within the invention and the disclosure that has been provided herein.
- The invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (23)
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US10/672,060 US20050070384A1 (en) | 2003-09-29 | 2003-09-29 | Tubular baseball bats with variable stiffened barrels |
US74580606P | 2006-04-27 | 2006-04-27 | |
US11/740,519 US7867114B2 (en) | 2003-09-29 | 2007-04-26 | Multi-walled tubular baseball bats with barrel inserts of variable geometry |
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US20080070726A1 (en) * | 2006-07-28 | 2008-03-20 | Nippon Shaft Co., Ltd. | Bat used for baseball or softball |
US7534180B1 (en) * | 2005-05-23 | 2009-05-19 | Miken Sports, Llc | Bat having a sleeve with slots |
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US20100087282A1 (en) * | 2008-10-07 | 2010-04-08 | Chuck Smith | Baseball bat with multiple reinforcing beams |
US7874946B2 (en) | 2008-10-07 | 2011-01-25 | Mattingly Hitting Products, Inc. | Baseball bat with multiple reinforcing beams |
US20110111892A1 (en) * | 2009-11-06 | 2011-05-12 | True Temper Sports, Inc. | Bat with handle having internal core member and method of making same |
US20110111894A1 (en) * | 2009-11-06 | 2011-05-12 | True Temper Sports, Inc. | Bat with internal core member |
US8632428B2 (en) | 2009-12-22 | 2014-01-21 | Hillerich & Bradsby Co. | Ball bat with internal impact dampening means |
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US20110152015A1 (en) * | 2009-12-22 | 2011-06-23 | Hillerich & Bradsby Co. | Ball bat with internal impact dampening means |
CN106457031A (en) * | 2014-04-11 | 2017-02-22 | 伊士登棒球垒球公司 | Ball bat including a stiffening element in the barrel |
CN107583256A (en) * | 2016-07-06 | 2018-01-16 | 张荣士 | Bat with different pipe thicknesses |
US20210252358A1 (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2021-08-19 | Easton Diamond Sports, Llc | Ball bats with reduced durability regions for deterring alteration |
US20190228675A1 (en) * | 2018-01-24 | 2019-07-25 | Swing AI, Inc. | Method and system for providing physical activity instruction |
US11325327B2 (en) * | 2020-08-10 | 2022-05-10 | Wilson Sporting Goods Co. | Ball bat with one-piece multi-wall barrel portion |
US20230068039A1 (en) * | 2021-08-27 | 2023-03-02 | Monsta Athletics, LLC | Power gap adjustable flex bat |
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