US20070270780A1 - Catheter and method for making same - Google Patents
Catheter and method for making same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20070270780A1 US20070270780A1 US11/568,670 US56867007A US2007270780A1 US 20070270780 A1 US20070270780 A1 US 20070270780A1 US 56867007 A US56867007 A US 56867007A US 2007270780 A1 US2007270780 A1 US 2007270780A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- catheter
- tip
- main tube
- distal
- accordance
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 210000004204 blood vessel Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HWLDNSXPUQTBOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum-iridium alloy Chemical compound [Ir].[Pt] HWLDNSXPUQTBOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000472 traumatic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 206010013647 Drowning Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000031481 Pathologic Constriction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000037804 stenosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000036262 stenosis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/0067—Catheters; Hollow probes characterised by the distal end, e.g. tips
- A61M25/0068—Static characteristics of the catheter tip, e.g. shape, atraumatic tip, curved tip or tip structure
- A61M25/0069—Tip not integral with tube
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/95—Instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/0009—Making of catheters or other medical or surgical tubes
- A61M25/001—Forming the tip of a catheter, e.g. bevelling process, join or taper
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/0067—Catheters; Hollow probes characterised by the distal end, e.g. tips
- A61M25/0068—Static characteristics of the catheter tip, e.g. shape, atraumatic tip, curved tip or tip structure
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/10—Balloon catheters
- A61M2025/1043—Balloon catheters with special features or adapted for special applications
- A61M2025/1079—Balloon catheters with special features or adapted for special applications having radio-opaque markers in the region of the balloon
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/0009—Making of catheters or other medical or surgical tubes
- A61M25/0012—Making of catheters or other medical or surgical tubes with embedded structures, e.g. coils, braids, meshes, strands or radiopaque coils
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a catheter for endoluminal operations, the distal section and the tip thereof.
- the methods for making both the distal section and catheter tip are also parts of the present invention.
- the present invention is directed to improve the characteristics of a catheter suitable to carry out endoluminal operations on a living body, particularly suitable to position a self-expandable stent, in order to restore the original section of a blood vessel prone to stenosis.
- axial compression stiffness allows the catheter distal section to be readily responsive to the movements caused on the proximal section by the operator.
- the flexibility allows the catheter to find its way through the blood vessels, which is often a tortuous path, in the simplest and less traumatic way for the patient.
- Another requirement for the catheter tip is to fair the front profile of the catheter from its minimum diameter, such as that of the lumen with a guide wire running therein, to its maximum diameter available in the distal section, such as that of a sheath holding a stent in its state of maximum radial collapse.
- a further requirement for the catheter tip is to ensure that the flexibility of the distal end in the proximal direction will change as evenly as possible.
- a still further need for both the catheter and its tip is to ensure their mutual adherence, also in most severe usage conditions, in order to prevent any disjunction between the catheter main body and its tip.
- Catheter tips are known to be added to the catheter main body by overmoulding. These known tips are obtained by means of a mould reproducing their shape, inside which the distal end of the tube being the catheter main body is inserted. A plastic material is then injected into the mould. While polymerizing, it adheres to the outer surface of the catheter main body.
- the above catheter tips are known to have poor flexibility which abruptly changes at the point where, inside the tip, the tube being the catheter main body ends.
- the problem at the heart of the present invention is to provide a catheter, a catheter distal section and tip having such structural and functional characteristics to overcome the above drawbacks mentioned with reference to the prior art.
- a further object of the present invention is to conceive and provide a method for manufacturing these distal section and catheter tip, which method allows to meet the above requirements.
- FIG. 1 a shows an overall view of an embodiment of the catheter in a first configuration
- FIG. 1 b shows the catheter from FIG. 1 a in a second configuration
- FIG. 2 shows the axially-sectioned detail of the distal section of the catheter from FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 3 shows a partially sectioned detailed view of a catheter tip according to another embodiment of the invention.
- FIGS. 4 a , 4 b and 4 c are schematic views of three sequential steps of an embodiment of the method according to the invention.
- FIGS. 5 a and 5 b are schematic views of two sequential steps of an embodiment of the method according to the invention.
- FIGS. 6 a to 6 d are schematic views of four sequential steps of an embodiment of the method according to the invention.
- FIG. 7 is a view of a peripheral section of FIG. 6 b;
- FIGS. 8 a , 8 b and 8 c are schematic sectional views of a detail of the catheter according to three different embodiments according to the invention.
- FIGS. 9 a and 9 b are schematic sectional views of a detail of the catheter according to two embodiments which are similar to that from FIG. 8 c.
- the catheter illustrated by way of example consists of a main tube 2 and a sheath 3 .
- the sheath 3 is arranged around the main tube 2 .
- an intermediate tube 23 being fitted on main tube 2 is coaxially interposed between the main tube 2 and the sheath 3 .
- the intermediate tube 23 is a polymeric tube, such as extruded.
- the intermediate tube 23 comprises a reinforcement made of a material stiffer than the polymer composing the wall of the intermediate tube 23 .
- the intermediate tube 23 may for example comprise ( FIG. 9 a ) a coil 25 obtained by winding a metal strip and drowning it inside the thickness of the wall.
- the coil 25 itself may be the intermediate tube 23 ( FIG. 9 b ).
- the turns of coil 25 are in contact with one another and are themselves a substantially continuous wall, instead of being drowned therein.
- coil 25 either drowned in the tube wall or not, is a practical solution which is independent from the other characteristics described herein and may be also employed in catheters other than those described herein.
- the inner diameter of sheath 3 is slightly greater than the outer diameter of either main tube 2 or, if provided, intermediate tube 23 .
- the sheath 3 and the tube 2 can thus easily slide one onto the other.
- arrows A in FIGS. 1 a and 1 b show which movements the main tube 2 and all the members integral therewith can make relative to sheath 3 .
- the catheter can thus turn from a first configuration where sheath 3 covers substantially all the main tube 2 ( FIG. 1 a ) to a second configuration where sheath 3 is withdrawn and leaves a distal section 5 of catheter 1 uncovered ( FIG. 1 b ).
- the intermediate tube 23 and/or the metal coil 25 allows to greatly increase the catheter axial compression stiffness without impairing the flexibility thereof. Thereby, the action by the operator to force the catheter 1 along sheath 3 by means of rod 6 is simplified.
- main tube 2 is coaxially joint to a stiff rod 6 .
- main tube 2 comprises a shoulder 7 .
- this shoulder 7 originates from an abrupt change of the outer diameter of main tube 2 ( FIGS. 8 a and 8 b ).
- the shoulder 7 originates from the distal end of the intermediate tube 23 ( FIG. 8 c ).
- a first radiopaque marker 7 is placed to abut against this shoulder 7 .
- This marker 8 is shaped such as to define in turn a shoulder suitable to axially receive in abutment a further tubular body, such as a stent which can be loaded onto the catheter distal section.
- Positioning marker 8 in abutment to shoulder 7 and the marker defining a further shoulder, such as for a stent to abut thereagainst, is a practical solution which is independent from the other characteristics described herein, and can be employed also in catheters other than those described herein.
- first marker 8 Following the distal direction along main tube 2 , at a distance from first marker 8 that will be defined below, there is preferably a second radiopaque marker 8 .
- Markers 8 and 9 are typically made in heavy metal such as Tantalum, and/or a metal alloy such as Platinum-Iridium. They can be in the form of a ring, belt, sleeve, wire winding or any form which proves to be effective in a particular usage condition.
- the distance between markers 8 and 9 is preset based on the length of a stent loadable on catheter 1 .
- markers are in fact prearranged for the operator to get a radiological confirmation about the actual positioning of distal section 5 of catheter 1 and hence of the stent loadable thereon.
- a distal flap 10 of main tube 2 comprises, on the outer surface thereof, a plurality of relieves 11 .
- each of these relieves 11 defines a main development direction.
- the main development direction of these relieves 11 is transverse to the tube axis.
- the main development direction of relieves 11 is perpendicular to the tube axis.
- a tapered portion 12 which is also tubular.
- a plurality of notches 13 is formed complementary to relieves 11 .
- the distal apex of tapered portion 12 defines an apex port 14 being an outlet for a lumen 16 suitable for a guide wire to pass therethrough.
- the diameters of apex port 14 and lumen 16 are slightly greater than the diameter of the guide wire, such as to allow them to mutually slide.
- distal section 120 of tapered portion 12 substantially has the shape of a truncated cone, which is suitable to fair the diameter of apex port 14 to the outer diameter of sheath 3 .
- a proximal section 122 of tapered portion 12 is, for example, shaped such as to fair the greater diameter of distal section 120 to the outer diameter of main tube 2 .
- proximal section 122 is of a regular shape, e.g. of a truncated cone.
- proximal section 122 also defines a second shoulder 17 , suitable to axially receive in abutment either a further tubular body, such as sheath 3 or a stent loadable on distal section 5 of the catheter.
- Distal flap 10 and tapered portion 12 are comprised in a tip 15 of catheter 1 .
- tip 15 is also comprised second marker 9 , housed in a suitable cavity formed in the proximal section 122 of tapered portion 12 .
- the second marker 9 may be not comprised within the tip 15 of catheter 1 or even not prearranged.
- the first shoulder 7 is obtained by a partial drawing of distal portion 50 of main tube 2 itself.
- the method provides that, for example, a first rigid stylet 19 a the outer diameter of which is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of lumen 16 is inserted in the distal length of lumen 16 of main tube 2 .
- first stylet 19 a can be about 0.96 mm.
- the distal portion 50 of tube 2 can be forced (arrow B in FIG. 4 b ) inside a first heated ferrule 18 with a slightly smaller diameter than the outer diameter of main tube 2 . Accordingly, by hot plastic deformation a shrinkage of the main tube outer diameter is obtained all along the extension of the distal portion 50 which has been introduced in the first heated ferrule 18 .
- an abrupt change of the tube outer diameter is obtained thus forming the shoulder 7 ( FIG. 8 a ).
- main tube 2 can be considered as being made of poly-ether ether ketone (PEEK) and with an outer diameter of 1.23 mm.
- PEEK poly-ether ether ketone
- the first drawing ferrule 18 can have an inner diameter of 1.1 mm and be heated up to a temperature of around 180° C. Accordingly, a shrinkage of the outer diameter is obtained on main tube 2 from 1.23 mm to 1.1 mm, such as to define a shoulder 7 of about 0.065 mm.
- a first shoulder 7 is obtained by making a relief on the wall of tube 2 ( FIG. 8 b ). A method for making this relief is described in detail below.
- a first shoulder 7 is obtained by interrupting the intermediate tube 23 ( FIG. 8 c ).
- a first radiopaque marker 7 is approached to shoulder 7 .
- the marker can be made of a heavy metal such as Tantalum, and/or a metal alloy such as Platinum-Iridium. It can be in the form of a ring, a belt, a sleeve, a wire winding or any other form which proves effective in relation with the particular usage conditions.
- the first marker 8 is prearranged in the form of a sleeve with an inner diameter equal to the outer diameter of main tube 2 or the drawn section thereof, and with an outer diameter slightly smaller than the inner diameter of sheath 3 .
- This first marker 8 is fit on the catheter distal section and is caused to slide (arrow D in FIG. 5 a ) in the proximal direction to axial abutment against the shoulder 7 .
- marker 8 is fixed in this position, such as by a glueing 80 , to prevent it from moving in the distal direction.
- the method then provides to fit also second marker 9 onto the distal section of main tube 2 .
- this marker will have similar characteristics as the first marker 8 .
- the second marker 9 is to be then secured to main tube 2 , such as by glueing. The distance between first marker 8 and second marker 9 depends on the length of the stent to be loaded onto the distal section 5 of the catheter.
- the distal flap 10 of main tube 2 it is preferred to support the distal flap 10 of main tube 2 by inserting into the lumen 16 a second rigid stylet 19 b .
- the outer diameter of this stylet 19 b is smaller than the diameter of lumen 16 and the outer diameter of first stylet 19 a .
- the outer diameter of second stylet 19 b can be about 0.92 mm.
- the second stylet 19 b and the distal flap 10 of main tube 2 supported thereby are inserted in a second ferrule 20 preferably heated and countersunk.
- the diameter of the second ferrule 20 hole is, in a first length 202 immediately adjacent to mouth 200 , greater than the outer diameter of distal flap 10 of main tube 2 .
- the ferrule hole diameter is such to allow the insertion of the second stylet 19 b but not of the distal flap 10 .
- the transition from the first length 202 diameter to the second length 204 diameter of the ferrule hole 20 takes place by a countersink.
- the tube wall is subjected to an axial compression stress.
- the compression stress increases until it creates a local phenomenon of wall instability (buckling).
- the deformation resulting from instability gives rise to the relieves 11 .
- the tube wall becoming unstable due to the axial compression load becomes buckled.
- the radial extension of the resulting bucklings are limited both internally by the wall of stylet 19 b and externally by the wall of the second ferrule 20 .
- relieves 11 Due to the presence of a countersink at the mouth of second ferrule 20 the relieves 11 will not be all equal to one another, and their radial extension will increase in the proximal direction ( FIG. 2 ).
- the main development direction of relieves 11 is transversal to the tube axis.
- the main development direction of relieves 11 is perpendicular to the tube axis.
- a similar method can be used to form a relief which gives origin to the shoulder 7 for the first marker 8 .
- this relief may consist of a buckling caused by local instability due to an axial compression load of the main tube 2 wall.
- a distal flap 10 of main tube 2 made of poly-ether ether ketone (PEEK). It may be assumed that the outer diameter of the distal flap 10 has been reduced to 1.1 mm from a start diameter of the tube 2 of 1.23 mm.
- the diameter of the second length 204 of ferrule 20 can be 1 mm and the countersink can be of about 10°.
- the ferrule 20 can be heated up to a temperature of about 170° C.
- the method provides for the distal flap 10 of tube 2 to be inserted, while still being supported by a stylet, in a mould shaped as the tapered portion 12 .
- a plastic material in the fluid state is injected by a known technique which forms the tapered portion 12 and forms a plurality of notches 13 therein, which are exactly complementary to relieves 11 , and if present, to second marker 9 . Furthermore, in its polymerization step, this plastic material adheres to the outer surface of tube 2 .
- the joint between the main tube 2 and the tapered portion 12 is not only of a chemical nature, but also of mechanical nature, i.e. resulting from the interpenetration among the relieves 11 on tube 2 and the notches 13 in the tapered portion 12 .
- the present invention provides an extremely flexible catheter. This characteristic enables the catheter itself to find its way through the blood vessels, which is often a tortuous path, in the simplest and less traumatic way for the patient.
- catheter tip Another requirement met by the catheter tip according to the invention is to fair the catheter front profile of the minimum diameter, for example that of the lumen with a guide wire running therein, to the maximum diameter found in the distal section, for example that of the sheath holding a stent which can be loaded on the catheter in its state of maximum radial collapse.
- a further requirement met by the catheter tip according to the invention is to ensure that the flexibility of the distal end in the proximal direction will change as evenly as possible.
- a still further requirement met by the catheter and the tip thereof is to ensure the adherence of the main tube 2 to the tapered portion, also in most severe usage conditions, to prevent them to fall apart.
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to a catheter for endoluminal operations, the distal section and the tip thereof. The methods for making both the distal section and catheter tip are also parts of the present invention.
- The present invention is directed to improve the characteristics of a catheter suitable to carry out endoluminal operations on a living body, particularly suitable to position a self-expandable stent, in order to restore the original section of a blood vessel prone to stenosis.
- In case of endoluminal operations two contrasting needs are felt for catheters: great axial compression stiffness but also great flexibility. The axial compression stiffness allows the catheter distal section to be readily responsive to the movements caused on the proximal section by the operator. On the other hand, the flexibility allows the catheter to find its way through the blood vessels, which is often a tortuous path, in the simplest and less traumatic way for the patient.
- This need for flexibility is particularly felt for the catheter distal section which is intended to reach those vessels which, among those being run through by the catheter, are of a smaller diameter.
- For the same reasons, this need for flexibility is even more felt for the catheter tip.
- Another requirement for the catheter tip is to fair the front profile of the catheter from its minimum diameter, such as that of the lumen with a guide wire running therein, to its maximum diameter available in the distal section, such as that of a sheath holding a stent in its state of maximum radial collapse.
- A further requirement for the catheter tip is to ensure that the flexibility of the distal end in the proximal direction will change as evenly as possible.
- A still further need for both the catheter and its tip is to ensure their mutual adherence, also in most severe usage conditions, in order to prevent any disjunction between the catheter main body and its tip.
- Catheter tips are known to be added to the catheter main body by overmoulding. These known tips are obtained by means of a mould reproducing their shape, inside which the distal end of the tube being the catheter main body is inserted. A plastic material is then injected into the mould. While polymerizing, it adheres to the outer surface of the catheter main body.
- The above catheter tips are known to have poor flexibility which abruptly changes at the point where, inside the tip, the tube being the catheter main body ends.
- Due to its almost mere chemical nature, the adherence of these tips to the catheter main bodies is also known to be negatively affected, and in some cases even impaired, by a non-optimum preparation of the respective polymeric materials.
- From what has been discussed above, it emerges how felt is the need to have a catheter being able to ensure the optimum flexibility above all in the distal section thereof, gradual variation of this flexibility and safe adherence of the tip to the catheter main body.
- It is also understood that the need is felt to obtain such a catheter, the distal section and tip thereof by means of a simple method, which does not require expensive technologies and ensures an optimum result by limiting the risk of errors.
- The problem at the heart of the present invention is to provide a catheter, a catheter distal section and tip having such structural and functional characteristics to overcome the above drawbacks mentioned with reference to the prior art.
- A further object of the present invention is to conceive and provide a method for manufacturing these distal section and catheter tip, which method allows to meet the above requirements.
- These problems are resolved by a catheter tip according to claim 1, a distal section according to
claim 13, a catheter according toclaim 17 and by the methods for manufacturing the catheter distal section according to claims 19 and 26, respectively. - Further characteristics and the advantages of the catheter, catheter distal section and tip as well as the method for manufacturing the same according to the invention will appear from the herein description of some exemplary embodiments thereof, which are intended to be merely illustrative and non-limiting, with reference to the annexed figures, in which:
-
FIG. 1 a shows an overall view of an embodiment of the catheter in a first configuration; -
FIG. 1 b shows the catheter fromFIG. 1 a in a second configuration; -
FIG. 2 shows the axially-sectioned detail of the distal section of the catheter fromFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 3 shows a partially sectioned detailed view of a catheter tip according to another embodiment of the invention; -
FIGS. 4 a, 4 b and 4 c are schematic views of three sequential steps of an embodiment of the method according to the invention; -
FIGS. 5 a and 5 b are schematic views of two sequential steps of an embodiment of the method according to the invention; -
FIGS. 6 a to 6 d are schematic views of four sequential steps of an embodiment of the method according to the invention; -
FIG. 7 is a view of a peripheral section ofFIG. 6 b; -
FIGS. 8 a, 8 b and 8 c are schematic sectional views of a detail of the catheter according to three different embodiments according to the invention; -
FIGS. 9 a and 9 b are schematic sectional views of a detail of the catheter according to two embodiments which are similar to that fromFIG. 8 c. - With reference to said
FIGS. 1 a and 1 b, with 1 has been indicated a catheter for endoluminal operations as a whole. The catheter illustrated by way of example consists of amain tube 2 and asheath 3. Thesheath 3 is arranged around themain tube 2. - In accordance with a preferred embodiment, an
intermediate tube 23 being fitted onmain tube 2 is coaxially interposed between themain tube 2 and thesheath 3. In accordance with an embodiment (FIG. 8 c), theintermediate tube 23 is a polymeric tube, such as extruded. - In accordance with another preferred embodiment, the
intermediate tube 23 comprises a reinforcement made of a material stiffer than the polymer composing the wall of theintermediate tube 23. - The
intermediate tube 23 may for example comprise (FIG. 9 a) acoil 25 obtained by winding a metal strip and drowning it inside the thickness of the wall. - Alternatively, the
coil 25 itself may be the intermediate tube 23 (FIG. 9 b). In this case, in fact, the turns ofcoil 25 are in contact with one another and are themselves a substantially continuous wall, instead of being drowned therein. - The use of
coil 25, either drowned in the tube wall or not, is a practical solution which is independent from the other characteristics described herein and may be also employed in catheters other than those described herein. - The inner diameter of
sheath 3 is slightly greater than the outer diameter of eithermain tube 2 or, if provided,intermediate tube 23. Thesheath 3 and thetube 2 can thus easily slide one onto the other. Particularly, arrows A inFIGS. 1 a and 1 b show which movements themain tube 2 and all the members integral therewith can make relative tosheath 3. The catheter can thus turn from a first configuration wheresheath 3 covers substantially all the main tube 2 (FIG. 1 a) to a second configuration wheresheath 3 is withdrawn and leaves adistal section 5 of catheter 1 uncovered (FIG. 1 b). - The
intermediate tube 23 and/or themetal coil 25, if present, allows to greatly increase the catheter axial compression stiffness without impairing the flexibility thereof. Thereby, the action by the operator to force the catheter 1 alongsheath 3 by means ofrod 6 is simplified. - In a
proximal section 4 of the embodiments illustrated inFIGS. 1 a and 1 b,main tube 2 is coaxially joint to astiff rod 6. On the other hand, indistal portion 50,main tube 2 comprises ashoulder 7. - In accordance with an embodiment, this
shoulder 7 originates from an abrupt change of the outer diameter of main tube 2 (FIGS. 8 a and 8 b). - In accordance with another embodiment, the
shoulder 7 originates from the distal end of the intermediate tube 23 (FIG. 8 c). - In a preferred embodiment, a
first radiopaque marker 7 is placed to abut against thisshoulder 7. Thismarker 8 is shaped such as to define in turn a shoulder suitable to axially receive in abutment a further tubular body, such as a stent which can be loaded onto the catheter distal section. - Positioning
marker 8 in abutment toshoulder 7 and the marker defining a further shoulder, such as for a stent to abut thereagainst, is a practical solution which is independent from the other characteristics described herein, and can be employed also in catheters other than those described herein. - Following the distal direction along
main tube 2, at a distance fromfirst marker 8 that will be defined below, there is preferably asecond radiopaque marker 8. -
Markers - The distance between
markers - These markers are in fact prearranged for the operator to get a radiological confirmation about the actual positioning of
distal section 5 of catheter 1 and hence of the stent loadable thereon. - A
distal flap 10 ofmain tube 2 comprises, on the outer surface thereof, a plurality ofrelieves 11. - In accordance with an embodiment, each of these
relieves 11 defines a main development direction. - In accordance with a preferred embodiment, the main development direction of these
relieves 11 is transverse to the tube axis. - In accordance with a still more preferred embodiment, the main development direction of
relieves 11 is perpendicular to the tube axis. - Around the
distal flap 10, coaxially tomain tube 2, there is a taperedportion 12 which is also tubular. On the inner diameter of the tapered portion 12 a plurality ofnotches 13 is formed complementary to relieves 11. - The distal apex of tapered
portion 12 defines anapex port 14 being an outlet for alumen 16 suitable for a guide wire to pass therethrough. The diameters ofapex port 14 andlumen 16 are slightly greater than the diameter of the guide wire, such as to allow them to mutually slide. - In accordance with a preferred embodiment,
distal section 120 of taperedportion 12 substantially has the shape of a truncated cone, which is suitable to fair the diameter ofapex port 14 to the outer diameter ofsheath 3. - A
proximal section 122 of taperedportion 12 is, for example, shaped such as to fair the greater diameter ofdistal section 120 to the outer diameter ofmain tube 2. - In accordance with certain embodiments, such as that illustrated in
FIG. 2 ,proximal section 122 is of a regular shape, e.g. of a truncated cone. - In accordance with other embodiments, such as that illustrated in
FIG. 3 ,proximal section 122 also defines asecond shoulder 17, suitable to axially receive in abutment either a further tubular body, such assheath 3 or a stent loadable ondistal section 5 of the catheter. -
Distal flap 10 and taperedportion 12 are comprised in atip 15 of catheter 1. In the embodiments illustrated in the annexed figures, withintip 15 is also comprisedsecond marker 9, housed in a suitable cavity formed in theproximal section 122 of taperedportion 12. In other embodiments, not illustrated, thesecond marker 9 may be not comprised within thetip 15 of catheter 1 or even not prearranged. - Methods for manufacturing the catheter distal section and the tip thereof according to the invention will be described below by means of some examples.
- In accordance with a first embodiment, on a
main tube 2 of the conventional type thefirst shoulder 7 is obtained by a partial drawing ofdistal portion 50 ofmain tube 2 itself. - In detail, the method provides that, for example, a first
rigid stylet 19 a the outer diameter of which is slightly smaller than the inner diameter oflumen 16 is inserted in the distal length oflumen 16 ofmain tube 2. - For example, with a 1 mm-
inner diameter lumen 16, the outer diameter offirst stylet 19 a can be about 0.96 mm. - By inserting the
rigid stylet 19 a and prearranging a longitudinal notch acting as a runner, thedistal portion 50 oftube 2 can be forced (arrow B inFIG. 4 b) inside a firstheated ferrule 18 with a slightly smaller diameter than the outer diameter ofmain tube 2. Accordingly, by hot plastic deformation a shrinkage of the main tube outer diameter is obtained all along the extension of thedistal portion 50 which has been introduced in the firstheated ferrule 18. By ending the drawing operation at the desired distance from the end oftube 2 and removing (arrow C inFIG. 4 c) the tube fromferrule 18, an abrupt change of the tube outer diameter is obtained thus forming the shoulder 7 (FIG. 8 a). - As an example,
main tube 2 can be considered as being made of poly-ether ether ketone (PEEK) and with an outer diameter of 1.23 mm. In this case thefirst drawing ferrule 18 can have an inner diameter of 1.1 mm and be heated up to a temperature of around 180° C. Accordingly, a shrinkage of the outer diameter is obtained onmain tube 2 from 1.23 mm to 1.1 mm, such as to define ashoulder 7 of about 0.065 mm. - In accordance with a second embodiment, on a
main tube 2 of the conventional type afirst shoulder 7 is obtained by making a relief on the wall of tube 2 (FIG. 8 b). A method for making this relief is described in detail below. - In accordance with a third embodiment, on a
main tube 2 of the conventional type afirst shoulder 7 is obtained by interrupting the intermediate tube 23 (FIG. 8 c). - In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the method, regardless of how it has been obtained, a first
radiopaque marker 7 is approached toshoulder 7. The marker, as said above, can be made of a heavy metal such as Tantalum, and/or a metal alloy such as Platinum-Iridium. It can be in the form of a ring, a belt, a sleeve, a wire winding or any other form which proves effective in relation with the particular usage conditions. - In a preferred embodiment, the
first marker 8 is prearranged in the form of a sleeve with an inner diameter equal to the outer diameter ofmain tube 2 or the drawn section thereof, and with an outer diameter slightly smaller than the inner diameter ofsheath 3. - This
first marker 8, is fit on the catheter distal section and is caused to slide (arrow D inFIG. 5 a) in the proximal direction to axial abutment against theshoulder 7. In accordance with an embodiment of the method,marker 8 is fixed in this position, such as by a glueing 80, to prevent it from moving in the distal direction. - The method then provides to fit also
second marker 9 onto the distal section ofmain tube 2. Preferably, this marker will have similar characteristics as thefirst marker 8. Thesecond marker 9 is to be then secured tomain tube 2, such as by glueing. The distance betweenfirst marker 8 andsecond marker 9 depends on the length of the stent to be loaded onto thedistal section 5 of the catheter. - In accordance with an embodiment of the method, it is preferred to support the
distal flap 10 ofmain tube 2 by inserting into the lumen 16 a secondrigid stylet 19 b. It is more preferred that the outer diameter of thisstylet 19 b is smaller than the diameter oflumen 16 and the outer diameter offirst stylet 19 a. For example, with alumen 16 with an inner diameter of 1 mm, the outer diameter ofsecond stylet 19 b can be about 0.92 mm. - In accordance with a preferred embodiment, at this point the
second stylet 19 b and thedistal flap 10 ofmain tube 2 supported thereby are inserted in asecond ferrule 20 preferably heated and countersunk. The diameter of thesecond ferrule 20 hole is, in afirst length 202 immediately adjacent tomouth 200, greater than the outer diameter ofdistal flap 10 ofmain tube 2. On the other hand, in a seconddeeper length 204 the ferrule hole diameter is such to allow the insertion of thesecond stylet 19 b but not of thedistal flap 10. Preferably, the transition from thefirst length 202 diameter to thesecond length 204 diameter of theferrule hole 20 takes place by a countersink. - By forcing the
main tube 2 inside the second ferrule 20 (arrow E inFIG. 6 b), the tube wall is subjected to an axial compression stress. By further forcing themain tube 2 inside thesecond ferrule 20, the compression stress increases until it creates a local phenomenon of wall instability (buckling). The deformation resulting from instability gives rise to therelieves 11. In fact, the tube wall becoming unstable due to the axial compression load becomes buckled. The radial extension of the resulting bucklings are limited both internally by the wall ofstylet 19 b and externally by the wall of thesecond ferrule 20. - Due to the presence of a countersink at the mouth of
second ferrule 20 therelieves 11 will not be all equal to one another, and their radial extension will increase in the proximal direction (FIG. 2 ). - If the
second ferrule 20 is heated, thus altering the mechanical characteristics of the material constituting thetube 2, the instability resulting from axial compression load will be more easily achieved. - In accordance with an embodiment, the main development direction of
relieves 11 is transversal to the tube axis. - In accordance with a preferred embodiment, the main development direction of
relieves 11 is perpendicular to the tube axis. - Thereby, an optimum flexibility of the tube distal flap is obtained, because the relieves perpendicular to the axis do not contribute in any way to stiffen it in a flexural manner.
- A similar method can be used to form a relief which gives origin to the
shoulder 7 for thefirst marker 8. In other words, this relief may consist of a buckling caused by local instability due to an axial compression load of themain tube 2 wall. - As an example, again it may be considered a
distal flap 10 ofmain tube 2 made of poly-ether ether ketone (PEEK). It may be assumed that the outer diameter of thedistal flap 10 has been reduced to 1.1 mm from a start diameter of thetube 2 of 1.23 mm. In this case, the diameter of thesecond length 204 offerrule 20 can be 1 mm and the countersink can be of about 10°. Furthermore, theferrule 20 can be heated up to a temperature of about 170° C. - Once the
relieves 11 have been formed, the method provides for thedistal flap 10 oftube 2 to be inserted, while still being supported by a stylet, in a mould shaped as the taperedportion 12. A plastic material in the fluid state is injected by a known technique which forms the taperedportion 12 and forms a plurality ofnotches 13 therein, which are exactly complementary to relieves 11, and if present, tosecond marker 9. Furthermore, in its polymerization step, this plastic material adheres to the outer surface oftube 2. - Accordingly, it is understood that the joint between the
main tube 2 and the taperedportion 12 is not only of a chemical nature, but also of mechanical nature, i.e. resulting from the interpenetration among therelieves 11 ontube 2 and thenotches 13 in the taperedportion 12. - From what has been described above, it should be appreciated that the catheter and the method for making the same according to the invention overcome the drawbacks of the prior art.
- It should be appreciated that the present invention provides an extremely flexible catheter. This characteristic enables the catheter itself to find its way through the blood vessels, which is often a tortuous path, in the simplest and less traumatic way for the patient.
- This flexibility requirement is particularly met by the distal section and still more particularly by the catheter tip according to the invention.
- Another requirement met by the catheter tip according to the invention is to fair the catheter front profile of the minimum diameter, for example that of the lumen with a guide wire running therein, to the maximum diameter found in the distal section, for example that of the sheath holding a stent which can be loaded on the catheter in its state of maximum radial collapse.
- A further requirement met by the catheter tip according to the invention is to ensure that the flexibility of the distal end in the proximal direction will change as evenly as possible.
- A still further requirement met by the catheter and the tip thereof is to ensure the adherence of the
main tube 2 to the tapered portion, also in most severe usage conditions, to prevent them to fall apart. - It is also understood from what has been discussed above that the need is satisfied to obtain such a catheter by means of a simple method which does not require expensive technologies and ensures an optimum result by limiting the risk of errors.
- To the preferred embodiments of the catheter and the method for making the same described above, those skilled in the art, aiming at satisfying contingent and specific needs, may carry out a number of modifications, variants and replacements of elements with others functionally equivalent, without departing from the scope of the claims below.
Claims (39)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/IT2004/000248 WO2005105192A1 (en) | 2004-05-05 | 2004-05-05 | A catheter and the method for making it |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20070270780A1 true US20070270780A1 (en) | 2007-11-22 |
US7846128B2 US7846128B2 (en) | 2010-12-07 |
Family
ID=34957768
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/568,670 Expired - Fee Related US7846128B2 (en) | 2004-05-05 | 2004-05-05 | Catheter and method for making same |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7846128B2 (en) |
EP (2) | EP2075028B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4765130B2 (en) |
AT (2) | ATE475445T1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE602004025385D1 (en) |
DK (2) | DK1742697T3 (en) |
ES (2) | ES2349730T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2005105192A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20120078237A1 (en) * | 2010-08-17 | 2012-03-29 | St. Jude Medical, Inc. | Tip for medical implant delivery system |
US20150273182A1 (en) * | 2014-03-25 | 2015-10-01 | Asahi Intecc Co., Ltd. | Catheter |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2927541B1 (en) * | 2008-02-15 | 2023-03-03 | Vygon | SIMPLIFICATION AND IMPROVEMENT OF MULTILUMERA CENTRAL VENOUS CATHETERS. |
JP5814530B2 (en) * | 2010-09-08 | 2015-11-17 | 株式会社カネカ | Medical catheter |
US9757536B2 (en) | 2012-07-17 | 2017-09-12 | Novartis Ag | Soft tip cannula |
US9782561B2 (en) | 2014-10-09 | 2017-10-10 | Vacular Solutions, Inc. | Catheter tip |
US9636477B2 (en) | 2014-10-09 | 2017-05-02 | Vascular Solutions, Inc. | Catheter |
US10238834B2 (en) | 2017-08-25 | 2019-03-26 | Teleflex Innovations S.À.R.L. | Catheter |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4681110A (en) * | 1985-12-02 | 1987-07-21 | Wiktor Dominik M | Catheter arrangement having a blood vessel liner, and method of using it |
US5244619A (en) * | 1991-05-03 | 1993-09-14 | Burnham Warren R | Method of making catheter with irregular inner and/or outer surfaces to reduce travelling friction |
US5401257A (en) * | 1993-04-27 | 1995-03-28 | Boston Scientific Corporation | Ureteral stents, drainage tubes and the like |
US5769819A (en) * | 1997-04-24 | 1998-06-23 | Medtronic, Inc. | Catheter distal tip component |
US5911715A (en) * | 1994-02-14 | 1999-06-15 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Guide catheter having selected flexural modulus segments |
US6110191A (en) * | 1996-09-12 | 2000-08-29 | Edwards Lifesciences, Llc | Endovascular delivery system |
US6322586B1 (en) * | 2000-01-10 | 2001-11-27 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Catheter tip designs and method of manufacture |
US6503353B1 (en) * | 1996-05-13 | 2003-01-07 | Schneider (Usa) Inc. | Method for making a catheter |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19721703A1 (en) * | 1997-05-23 | 1998-11-26 | Angiomed Ag | Catheter system with high kink resistance |
US6149996A (en) * | 1998-01-15 | 2000-11-21 | Schneider (Usa) Inc. | Molded tip and tubing and method of making same |
US6786918B1 (en) * | 2000-10-17 | 2004-09-07 | Medtronic Vascular, Inc. | Stent delivery system |
US9056180B2 (en) * | 2005-05-12 | 2015-06-16 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Tip with encapsulated marker band |
-
2004
- 2004-05-05 JP JP2007512725A patent/JP4765130B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-05-05 EP EP09150694A patent/EP2075028B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2004-05-05 AT AT09150694T patent/ATE475445T1/en active
- 2004-05-05 DE DE602004025385T patent/DE602004025385D1/en active Active
- 2004-05-05 US US11/568,670 patent/US7846128B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-05-05 DK DK04731257.4T patent/DK1742697T3/en active
- 2004-05-05 ES ES09150694T patent/ES2349730T3/en active Active
- 2004-05-05 ES ES04731257T patent/ES2341714T3/en active Active
- 2004-05-05 DE DE602004028421T patent/DE602004028421D1/en active Active
- 2004-05-05 EP EP04731257A patent/EP1742697B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2004-05-05 WO PCT/IT2004/000248 patent/WO2005105192A1/en active Application Filing
- 2004-05-05 DK DK09150694.9T patent/DK2075028T3/en active
- 2004-05-05 AT AT04731257T patent/ATE456389T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4681110A (en) * | 1985-12-02 | 1987-07-21 | Wiktor Dominik M | Catheter arrangement having a blood vessel liner, and method of using it |
US5244619A (en) * | 1991-05-03 | 1993-09-14 | Burnham Warren R | Method of making catheter with irregular inner and/or outer surfaces to reduce travelling friction |
US5401257A (en) * | 1993-04-27 | 1995-03-28 | Boston Scientific Corporation | Ureteral stents, drainage tubes and the like |
US5911715A (en) * | 1994-02-14 | 1999-06-15 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Guide catheter having selected flexural modulus segments |
US6503353B1 (en) * | 1996-05-13 | 2003-01-07 | Schneider (Usa) Inc. | Method for making a catheter |
US6110191A (en) * | 1996-09-12 | 2000-08-29 | Edwards Lifesciences, Llc | Endovascular delivery system |
US5769819A (en) * | 1997-04-24 | 1998-06-23 | Medtronic, Inc. | Catheter distal tip component |
US6322586B1 (en) * | 2000-01-10 | 2001-11-27 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Catheter tip designs and method of manufacture |
US20020052641A1 (en) * | 2000-01-10 | 2002-05-02 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Catheter tip designs and method of manufacture |
US6790221B2 (en) * | 2000-01-10 | 2004-09-14 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Catheter tip designs and method of manufacture |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20120078237A1 (en) * | 2010-08-17 | 2012-03-29 | St. Jude Medical, Inc. | Tip for medical implant delivery system |
US9408694B2 (en) * | 2010-08-17 | 2016-08-09 | St. Jude Medical, Inc. | Tip for medical implant delivery system |
US10201421B2 (en) | 2010-08-17 | 2019-02-12 | St. Jude Medical, Llc | Tip for medical implant delivery system |
US20150273182A1 (en) * | 2014-03-25 | 2015-10-01 | Asahi Intecc Co., Ltd. | Catheter |
US9339629B2 (en) * | 2014-03-25 | 2016-05-17 | Asahi Intecc Co., Ltd. | Catheter |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE475445T1 (en) | 2010-08-15 |
EP2075028B1 (en) | 2010-07-28 |
EP1742697A1 (en) | 2007-01-17 |
WO2005105192A1 (en) | 2005-11-10 |
DE602004025385D1 (en) | 2010-03-18 |
EP2075028A1 (en) | 2009-07-01 |
JP2007536055A (en) | 2007-12-13 |
ATE456389T1 (en) | 2010-02-15 |
DE602004028421D1 (en) | 2010-09-09 |
DK1742697T3 (en) | 2010-05-31 |
ES2341714T3 (en) | 2010-06-25 |
DK2075028T3 (en) | 2010-11-22 |
ES2349730T3 (en) | 2011-01-10 |
US7846128B2 (en) | 2010-12-07 |
JP4765130B2 (en) | 2011-09-07 |
EP1742697B1 (en) | 2010-01-27 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
AU2003297148B2 (en) | Guidewire-centering catheter tip | |
EP1765445B1 (en) | Catheter | |
EP2709706B1 (en) | Balloon catheter with improved pushability | |
EP1438096B1 (en) | Inner member support block in a catheter | |
US5746701A (en) | Guidewire with non-tapered tip | |
US5279596A (en) | Intravascular catheter with kink resistant tip | |
EP1894594B1 (en) | Unfused Catheter body feature | |
EP2252360B1 (en) | Balloon catheter with durable tip portion | |
EP1316327A2 (en) | Catheter having enhanced distal pushability | |
US20080255654A1 (en) | System for delivering a stent | |
US20070225659A1 (en) | Introducer sheath having frangible tip | |
AU2001233316A1 (en) | Stent introducer apparatus | |
WO2004078247A1 (en) | Multi-braid exterior tube | |
JP2005519648A (en) | Catheter incorporating distal tip region with high strength in length direction | |
CN105960259B (en) | Catheter tip assembled with spring | |
US7846128B2 (en) | Catheter and method for making same | |
EP1824416B1 (en) | Implantable medical endoprosthesis delivery systems | |
EP2279774B1 (en) | Catheter with enhanced pushability | |
US20120296364A1 (en) | Balloon catheter | |
US20190275295A1 (en) | Rapid exchange balloon catheter |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: INVATEC S.R.L., ITALY Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:VENTURELLI, ANDREA;REEL/FRAME:018792/0760 Effective date: 20061122 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: MEDTRONIC, INC.,MINNESOTA Free format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:INVATEC, S.P.A.;REEL/FRAME:023937/0758 Effective date: 20100106 Owner name: MEDTRONIC, INC., MINNESOTA Free format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:INVATEC, S.P.A.;REEL/FRAME:023937/0758 Effective date: 20100106 |
|
STCF | Information on status: patent grant |
Free format text: PATENTED CASE |
|
FPAY | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
MAFP | Maintenance fee payment |
Free format text: PAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEE, 8TH YEAR, LARGE ENTITY (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: M1552) Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
FEPP | Fee payment procedure |
Free format text: MAINTENANCE FEE REMINDER MAILED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: REM.); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY |
|
LAPS | Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees |
Free format text: PATENT EXPIRED FOR FAILURE TO PAY MAINTENANCE FEES (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: EXP.); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY |
|
STCH | Information on status: patent discontinuation |
Free format text: PATENT EXPIRED DUE TO NONPAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEES UNDER 37 CFR 1.362 |
|
FP | Lapsed due to failure to pay maintenance fee |
Effective date: 20221207 |