US20070284031A1 - Method of applying a flexible film to a handrail and forming a joint between the ends of the film - Google Patents
Method of applying a flexible film to a handrail and forming a joint between the ends of the film Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20070284031A1 US20070284031A1 US11/773,614 US77361407A US2007284031A1 US 20070284031 A1 US20070284031 A1 US 20070284031A1 US 77361407 A US77361407 A US 77361407A US 2007284031 A1 US2007284031 A1 US 2007284031A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- film
- handrail
- layer
- end portions
- cap
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/40—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyurethanes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C63/00—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor
- B29C63/02—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor using sheet or web-like material
- B29C63/04—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor using sheet or web-like material by folding, winding, bending or the like
- B29C63/044—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor using sheet or web-like material by folding, winding, bending or the like continuously
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
- B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
- B29C65/481—Non-reactive adhesives, e.g. physically hardening adhesives
- B29C65/4815—Hot melt adhesives, e.g. thermoplastic adhesives
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
- B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
- B29C65/481—Non-reactive adhesives, e.g. physically hardening adhesives
- B29C65/4825—Pressure sensitive adhesives
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
- B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
- B29C65/5042—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like covering both elements to be joined
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/004—Preventing sticking together, e.g. of some areas of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/0042—Preventing sticking together, e.g. of some areas of the parts to be joined of the joining tool and the parts to be joined
- B29C66/0044—Preventing sticking together, e.g. of some areas of the parts to be joined of the joining tool and the parts to be joined using a separating sheet, e.g. fixed on the joining tool
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
- B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
- B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
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- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
- B29C66/114—Single butt joints
- B29C66/1142—Single butt to butt joints
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/345—Progressively making the joint, e.g. starting from the middle
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
- B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
- B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
- B29C66/432—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets ; for making hollow articles or hollow preforms
- B29C66/4322—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets ; for making hollow articles or hollow preforms by joining a single sheet to itself
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
- B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
- B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
- B29C66/432—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets ; for making hollow articles or hollow preforms
- B29C66/4324—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets ; for making hollow articles or hollow preforms for making closed loops, e.g. belts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
- B29C66/49—Internally supporting the, e.g. tubular, article during joining
- B29C66/496—Internally supporting the, e.g. tubular, article during joining using a support which remains in the joined object
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
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- B29C66/532—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
- B29C66/5326—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars said single elements being substantially flat
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
- B29C66/812—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
- B29C66/8122—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
- B29C66/81411—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat
- B29C66/81421—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave
- B29C66/81422—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave being convex
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- B29C66/8161—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps said pressing elements being supported or backed-up by springs or by resilient material
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- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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- B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/731—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/7315—Mechanical properties
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- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/731—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/7315—Mechanical properties
- B29C66/73151—Hardness
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- B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
- B29K2995/0037—Other properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
- B29K2995/0037—Other properties
- B29K2995/0077—Yield strength; Tensile strength
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
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- B29L2031/008—Profiled members, e.g. beams, sections having a longitudinal cross-section
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/709—Articles shaped in a closed loop, e.g. conveyor belts
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
Abstract
Description
- This application is a continuation-in-part of earlier application Ser. No. 10/752,316 filed Jan. 7, 2004, which is a Continuation-in-Part of application Ser. No. 09/252,784 filed Feb. 19, 1999, and is also a continuation-in-part of earlier application Ser. Nos. 10/126,514 and 10/126,518, filed Apr. 22, 2002, both of which are divisional applications of application Ser. No. 09/510,498 filed Feb. 22, 2000, this application also being a continuation of application Ser. No. 09/252,784. Application Ser. Nos. 09/252,784 and 09/510,498 are now U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,682,806 and 6,450,228.
- This invention relates to handrails for escalators and moving walkways, and more particularly is concerned with applying a protective film, optionally including advertising or other visible material, to the surface of such a handrail.
- Advertisers continually seek out new locations to place advertisements. It has been recognized for sometime that various forms of mass transit and the like offer good opportunities for advertising. Necessarily, mass transit systems offer a large potential audience, and a relatively small number of well positioned advertisements can be seen by a large number of people. Traveling on mass transit is usually fairly time-consuming and hence travelers of such systems often have plenty of time to view and read advertisements, which also make such advertising attractive to businesses. This has been well recognized in the past, and advertisers have sought various locations for placing advertisements.
- Escalators and moving walkways are a common component of many mass transit systems, and are also found in numerous other locations with a high level of pedestrian traffic, e.g. large office buildings, shopping malls, large stores and the like. While traveling on an escalator is relatively quick compared to, say, a subway journey, an escalator ride nonetheless presents a potential audience for advertisers. While a ride on an escalator is relatively short, it is certainly long enough for a rider to notice and read an advertisement. Moreover, it is not really practical for an escalator rider to do anything else while riding the escalator, such as read a book or newspaper.
- Advertisers have long recognized this, and it is common on well-used escalators to find various advertising panels. Thus, conventional poster advertising is often found lining the walls of escalator shafts. Additionally, advertisers have sought to place smaller, poster-like advertisements on smaller panels on top of the strip separating balustrades of up and down escalators. Commonly, advertisements would be placed on both sides, so as to present advertisements to riders on both the up and down escalators.
- Ingenious advertisers have sought other ways of advertising on escalators. Thus, it has occurred to others that advertising could be placed on escalator handrails. This is attractive, since an escalator handrail presents an otherwise unused surface. As for grasping any object, a rider on an escalator will instinctively first look at the handrail to locate it. This ensures that the handrail, more often than not, will be at least glanced at by each user or rider. This makes it attractive for simple advertising, e.g. well known company logos and other advertising devices.
- The invention is based on the concept of providing a film to the surface of the handrail, which film is both continuous and is removable.
- In earlier application Ser. No. 09/252,784 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,450,228 issued from a Continuation-in-Part of that Application, a flexible film with an adhesive layer was applied to a handrail, without any prestretching or tension. When a handrail, e.g. at the ends of an escalator or moving walkway, goes around a pulley, the handrail flexes, and in known manner the top portion of the handrail is stretched while the bottom portion is compressed. Indeed, the presence of steel cables or stretch inhibitors serve to define a neutral axis which is located in the top portion of the handrail. Consequently, part of the top of the handrail, above the steel cables is stretched or put in tension and the lower part of the top of the handrail and the lips are compressed. As the lips extend substantially below the neutral axis, they are subject to significant compression, as the handrail passes around end pulleys etc.
- When a film is applied to the handrail, this means that edges of the film, located on the lips, are similarly compressed. In practice, this leads to wrinkling or puckering of the edges of the film. The adhesive used is unable to maintain adhesion of the extreme edges of the film to the handrail when it is subjected to the compression loading that results from flexing of the handrail.
- In accordance with the present invention there is provided s a method of forming a joint between two end portions of a film adhered as a continuous loop to the surface of a handrail, the method comprising:
- (1) providing a film cap and adhering the film cap to surfaces of the end portions of the film; and
- (2) fusing or bonding the film cap to the end portions of the film to maintain the end portions in the film in alignment.
- In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a method of applying a flexible film to a moving handrail, with a desired degree of prestretch or elongation. Again, references to escalator handrails are to be understood to including handrails for moving sidewalks. The first step is to provide a flexible film comprising a first layer and a layer of adhesive on the underside thereof, wherein the film is generally elongate and having a width corresponding to the width of the handrail. The film is then aligned to the handrail and the first end of the film is adhered to the surface of the handrail. The handrail is then driven with respect to the film to cause the film to progressively and continuously adhere to the handrail. Simultaneously tension is applied to the film to pretension or prestretch the film. A film cap is then adhered to ends of the film, to prevent, or at least reduce, the tendency for the ends or end portions to pull apart.
- For a better understanding of the present invention and to show more clearly how it may be carried into effect, reference will now be made, by way of example, to the accompanying drawings which show the preferred embodiment of the present invention and in which:
-
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an apparatus in accordance with the present invention in use on a balustrade of an escalator; -
FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the apparatus, balustrade and handrail ofFIG. 1 in greater detail; -
FIG. 3 is a perspective view from underneath of the apparatus of the present invention; -
FIG. 4 is a perspective end view of a rearward end of the apparatus of the present invention; -
FIGS. 5 and 5 a are view along an axis of the apparatus showing open and closed positions of a trough-shaped element of a pressing mechanism of the apparatus. -
FIGS. 6 and 6 a show open and closed positions of a roller extension device; -
FIG. 6 b shows a perspective detailed view of the mounting of the roller extension device to the trough-shaped element; -
FIG. 7 is a side view of the apparatus, balustrade and handrail ofFIGS. 1 and 2 , showing operation of the apparatus; -
FIGS. 8 a and 8 b showing schematically wrapping of a film around a handrail; -
FIG. 9 shows a cross-section through an exemplary film structure; and -
FIGS. 10 a, 10 b and 10 c show, respectively, a planar view of a splice joint, application of a film cap, and bonding of the film cap with an iron to ends of the film. -
FIGS. 1 and 7 show the basic configuration and mode of use of an apparatus for applying a film to a handrail, in accordance with the present invention, the basic principles of which are the same as the apparatus shown and as described in detail in U.S. Pat. No. 6,450,228, issued Sep. 17, 2002, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference. - The apparatus is indicated at 10 and is shown in
FIG. 1 attached to abalustrade 198 of an escalator with the actual escalator handrail indicated at 200 as shown in detail in later figures. Theapparatus 10 has first andsecond support arms 12 attached tosuction cups 20, for attachment to thebalustrade 198. - Each of the
support arms 12 is a triangular structure including amain arm portion 14, extending generally vertically, anadjustable arm portion 16 and atop arm portion 18. Theadjustable arm portion 16 include an adjustable threaded element, to enable the length of thearm portion 16 to be adjusted. Themain arm portions 14 are pivotally mounted to thesuction cups 20, and this arrangement accommodates different balustrade configurations and ensure that the working portion of theapparatus 10 is correctly located relative to the handrail. As indicated, thevarious arm portions - The ends of the
top arm portions 18 include mountingbrackets 22, for attachment to amain frame 30 of theapparatus 10. Themain frame 30 includes a plurality of spaced apart holes or mountinglocations 32, that enable thesupport arms 12 to be secured at different locations. Two sets or rows of theholes 32 are provided on the two sides of theframe 30, to enable it to be mounted on both sides of theframe 30, and thus to enable it to be mounted on both sides of an escalator or moving walkway, and to enable it to be mounted on either side of a particular balustrade. This again is intended to facilitate accommodation fordifferent balustrade configurations 198 and the fact that many balustrades will not provide a continuous smooth surface for accepting the vacuum cups 20, so that the spacing and location of thearms 12 can be varied as desired. Preferably either theholes 32 or holes in thebrackets 22 are threaded, for simple securing of the mountingbrackets 22 with screws. Thebrackets 22 can be U-shaped with plain bores on one side and threaded bores on the other side, for clamping thebrackets 22 to theframe 30. - The
main frame 30 includes, at either endalignment roller devices roller devices roller device 34 are described, these being shown in detail inFIG. 4 . -
Roller device 34 includes acentral roller 38 mounted by abracket 40 to themain frame 30.Side brackets 42 support transverse guiderods 44, on which are mountedsupport brackets 46 forside rollers 48. - A threaded
shaft 50 withactuating knobs 52 at either end is rotatably mounted in theside brackets 42. The threaded shaft includes opposite threads for the two ends of the shaft which engage thesupport brackets 46. As a consequence, rotation of theknobs 52 will cause the twosupports brackets 46 with theirside rollers 48, either to move inwards towards one another or to move outwards away from one another. - A first spindle arm 60 (
FIGS. 3 and 7 ) is provided extending upwardly from themain frame 30. Afirst spindle 62 is provided on thespindle arm 60, for mounting a roll of film for applying to a handrail. - A second, vertically extending
arm 64 is provided, carrying asecond spindle 66. In use, thespindle 66 is fitted with a roll for picking up a release sheet from the film. - A
drive mechanism 68 for example a drive belt, which can be a toothed drive belt is provided connecting thespindles spindle 66 for the take up roll is driven by thespindle 62. A gear ratio is provided between thespindles spindles spindle 66 is attempted to be driven at a higher speed. Then, a slip clutch is provided in thedrive mechanism 68, to dissipate excess velocity applied to thespindle 66, whereby, effectively, at all times adequate tension is maintained in the release sheet as it is wound onto a roll on thespindle 66. - A pair of upwardly extending
brackets main frame 30. A release sheet guide roller 74 (FIG. 7 ) is rotatably mounted between thebrackets spindle 66. Atension roller 76 is also mounted between thebrackets tension motor 78. - The
braking device 78 can be a low profile electric motor that requires a conventional 110V A.C. input, and that provides a substantially constant torque, which in turn translates into a uniform tension applied to a film passing over thetension roller 76. However, it will be appreciated that any suitable active or passive device can be used, that provides an essentially constant torque over the range of film velocities encountered in practice. For example, a magnetic clutch has the advantage that it is passive and does not require an external power supply. As detailed below, the actual tension required can vary considerably and hence the braking device should be variable. For this purpose, to prevent slippage of the film, the film should wrap sufficiently around thetension roller 76 to ensure adequate drive characteristics between theroller 76 and the film. - A toothed drive belt can be provided connecting the
braking device 78 to thetension roller 76. Acommon cover 114 can be provided for the toothed drive belt and also for the drive mechanism between thespindle shafts - Between the
first roller device 34 and thetension roller 76, there is apressure roller mechanism 80. Thepressure roller mechanism 80 has a pair of upwardly extending guides 82. Thepressure roller 76 has a shaft and is rotatably mounted to a pair of ball joints, that connect the shafts to theguides 82. This enables theguides 82 to move independently without binding or stressing the shaft of theroller 76. -
Vertical shafts 84 are slideably mounted in theguides 82 and are connected to an axle of apressure roller 86, whereby thepressure roller 86 is free to rotate around its axle. Upper ends of theshaft 84 are connected to atransverse member 88. -
Springs 89 within the upwardly extendingguides 82 are arranged to provide a downward force on theshafts 84, so as to press thepressure roller 86 downwardly towards the handrail, indicated at 200. - Now, generally in accordance with earlier application Ser. No. 09/252,784 and issued U.S. Pat. No. 6,450,228, a wrapping mechanism is provided for causing a film first adhered to a handrail by the action of the
pressure roller 86, to be progressively wrapped around the handrail, so as to cover up substantially as much of the exposed surface of the handrail as desired. This wrapping mechanism is designated by thereference 90. - In the disclosed embodiment of the wrapping or pressing
mechanism 90, it comprises two main components, namely a trough-shaped element 92 and aroller extension device 120, both including rollers. This separation into two components does provide some advantages, detailed below, but it will be understood that a single pressing mechanism, as in earlier U.S. Pat. No. 6,450,228, can be used and has the advantage of simplicity. - The wrapping or pressing
mechanism 90 has a trough- or shell-shaped element 92 having first and second shell halves 92 a, 92 b. As shown inFIGS. 5 and 5 a, extending downwardly from each of two cross members of theframe 30 are twobrackets 94, to which the twoshell halves - The two trough-shaped element halves 92 a, 92 b are at least partially transparent. In use, this transparency is sufficient to enable engagement of the roller with a handrail to be visually inspected, which facilitates mounting of the apparatus.
- The two trough-shaped element halves 92 a, 92 b are pivotally mounted to a pair of
brackets 94, attached to themain frame 30.Extension arms 96 extend upwardly from theelements handles 98 together, the trough-shapedelements FIG. 5 . To close the trough-shapedelements handles 98 are released. Alocking mechanism 100, comprising a simple catch, is provided at eachbracket 94 for securing theelements FIG. 5A . In the closed position, the rollers are pressed against the surfaces of thehandrail 200 and a film on the handrail. - Referring in particular to
FIGS. 3, 5 and 5 a, a series of five pairs ofrollers rollers 101 are relatively close to the centre line of the apparatus and to the centre line of the handrail.Rollers 101 are mounted towards the rear of the element halves 92 a and 92 b. The other rollers 102-105 are located progressively further away from the centre line and progressively closer to the front of the mechanism, for progressively wrapping a film around the handrail. Each of the rollers 101-105 is mounted on a short arm and has a spring mechanism for pressing the roller against ahandrail 200 andfilm 160. - A further three pairs of
rollers roller extension device 120, or lip roller assembly; as noted, it is not essential to provide these rollers 106-108 separately. It does facilitate separation of theapparatus 10 into components small enough to be easily packed and transported. Additionally, it simplifies the design of the trough-shaped element 92, since it then need only open a small amount; therollers 108, in particular, require thelip roller assembly 120 to open further. Thus, compared to the earlier embodiment of the invention, there are now eight pairs of rollers, reflecting the intent to wrap the film entirely around the handrail, but it will be understood that various modifications, including the use of different numbers of rollers, are possible; for some applications fewer rollers may be adequate, while for unusual square handrail profiles, for example, it may be necessary to provide more rollers. - With reference mainly to
FIGS. 6, 6 a and 6 b, the roller extension device includes first andsecond parts parts common mounting bolt 124, that engages a mountingbracket 126 attached to the main frame 30 (FIG. 6 b). - The two
parts side flanges 128. During initial mounting, thebolt 124 allows a certain amount of play or axial movement for theparts FIG. 6 a, this enables them to be moved from an open position (dotted lines), to a fully closed position (solid lines inFIG. 6 a), fully engaged around thehandrail 200. Once fully engaged, the mountingbolt 124 can be fully tightened, which also causes theside flanges 128 to engage side faces of the mountingbracket 126, so as to squarely align the twoparts - Each of the first and
second parts first arm 130 carrying two roller pairs 106, 107.Second arms 132 are provided for afinal roller pair 108. - The roller pairs 106, 107 include short arms and
spring mechanisms 134, generally similar to thespring mechanism 110 for the other roller pairs. However, as each of therollers handrail 200, they are provided withextension shafts 136. - Referring to
FIG. 6 a, thefinal roller pair 108 is mounted on thesecond arms 132. Therollers 108 are mounted onshort shafts 140, that are secured to vertically extendingrods 142. Therods 142 are mounted for sliding movement in thesecond arms 132 andcoil springs 144 are provided biasing therods 142 upwards, so as to press therollers 108 against the bottom surface of lips of thehandrail 200. - As shown, upper ends of the
rods 142 are provided with small transverse bores in which atie rod 146 is inserted, after the first andsecond parts tie rod 146 generally ensures that therods 142 move together in the vertical direction, and also ensure that therollers 108 are properly aligned under thehandrail 200, i.e. therods 142 do not rotate on their axes to misalign therollers 108. - All the various rollers can be provided with surfaces adapted for their particular functions. For example, the vertical and
side rollers pressure roller 86 and rollers 101-107 can all be provided with a resilient cover; for therollers 106, these can be smaller with a firmer surface. The tension roller can have a cover formed from a spongy or porous resilient material that provides a high coefficient of friction for thefilm 160. The rollers can be covered with, for example, a polyurethane material or silicone material. - Referring first to
FIG. 9 , there is shown, schematically, a cross-section of a film for use with the present invention, which film is the subject of earlier U.S. Pat. No. 6,682,806 and related applications. This cross-section is shown transverse to the longitudinal direction of the handrail. This film is indicated at 160 and comprises afirst film layer 162 with a firstadhesive layer 164 on the underside thereof. To protect the film until this is applied and to enable the film to be wound up onto asleeve 150, arelease sheet 166 is provided in known manner. - On top of the
first layer 162, printed matter is provided as indicated at 168. This printed matter can be text, logos, images, etc., and it is expected that it will often comprise a repeated pattern. Shown schematically, this printed matter would have a negligible thickness, so as not to significantly affect the thicknesses of other layers. This printedmatter 168 is printed directly onto the top of thefirst film layer 162. - Following application of printed
matter 168, asecond film layer 170 with a respective second layer ofadhesive 172 is applied to the top of the first sheet, so as to sandwich the printedmatter 168 between the twofilm layers - Each
film layer first film layer 162 has been printed, thesecond film layer 170 with its associated adhesive 172, after the release liner or sheet removed, is then applied to the top of thefirst film layer 162 to form the combinedfilm 160 shown inFIG. 9 . - The width of the film presently supplied is commonly 13 inches. For the present purposes, it would be cut to a desire width depending upon the particular handrail application.
- While it is expected that the first and second film layers 162, 170 would both be clear, for some applications, it may be desirable to colour the
first film layer 162. Thus, thefirst layer 162 could be a solid, uniform colour to provide a suitable background to advertising material or a manufacturer's logo, and this colour could be a colour associated with the particular product or manufacturer. Additionally, thesecond film layer 170, if desired, could be provided with some tinting. - Another aspect of the invention is the use of a film simply to protect a handrail for an escalator or moving walkway. For this purpose, the
film 160 could have a single layer. For such an application, thesecond film layer 170 and its adhesive 172 could be omitted. For completeness, it is noted that, conceivably, in such applications, some printed material could still be provided on the top of thefirst film layer 162, but such printed matter would not then be protected, and would likely be subject to excessive wear, marking, etc. during passage through the handrail drive mechanism. - The film could also just have a solid colour, optionally with a motion indicator, so as to serve as a quick way to rejuvenate a handrail.
- Otherwise, the film used in the present invention can be as described in the above-mentioned U.S. Pat. No. 6,450,228, and as claimed in related applications. The film is indicated at 160 and comprises a first layer with a first adhesive layer on the underside thereof. The
film 160 can be formed of polyurethane with a thickness in the range of approximately 0.5 to 3.0 mil, provided with a layer of adhesive with a thickness in the range of approximately 0.25 to 1 mil. To protect the film until this is applied and to enable the film to be wound up onto a sleeve, arelease sheet 166 is provided in known manner. - The following film thicknesses have been found to be practical: a first film that has a thickness of 2 mils and a solid colour; and a second film that is clear and a thickness of 3 mils. Thicknesses may be reduced or varied to minimize vandalism. Also, for some applications, films with a matt finish may be preferred.
- The following table sets out preferred propertied for the film. As indicated, the film can be a polyurethane material, but more generally, it is expected that a number of different thermoplastic elastomers could be used.
TABLE 1 Material: Thermoplastic Elastomer Shore Hardness(ASTM D-792): 85A ± 3 Tensile Strength (ASTM D-412): 36-40 MPa Strss/Strain Properties (ASTM D412/D-638) Tensile Stresses@10% Strain: 4-4.5 MPa. Tensile Stresses@50% Strain: 6.5-7.5 MPa. Tensile Stresses@100% Strain: 10.0-11.5 MPa. Ultimate Elongation(ASTM D412): 400% Compression Set (ASTM D395): 22 hrs@23° C. 20% 22 hrs@70° C. 65% Abrasion loss (DIN 53.516): 15-20 mm - As detailed below, the present invention provides prestretching of the film in one direction, typically of the order of six percent, i.e. a strain would be applied in the longitudinal direction of the film of the order of six percent. The exact degree of strain will vary depending upon the film, application, handrail configuration, etc. Nonetheless, it is now realized that such a strain must, necessarily, correspondingly elongate an image applied to the film. For many images or patterns, this small percentage of elongation in one direction will not have any significant effect and can possibly be overlooked. For other images, to ensure that the image has desired proportions on the film after application, the image would be, correspondingly, shrunk or reduced in the axial direction, so that its length is approximately 94.33 percent of the original length; then, when extended by six percent, it will be returned to its original, intended length.
- The axial stretching should have little or no effect on the transverse dimension of an image, although it is known that elongation in one direction can cause a reduction in the corresponding perpendicular dimension, and this can be compensated for where it occurs.
- A description will now be given of the use of the apparatus of the present invention. Firstly, before a film is applied to a handrail, the handrail must be properly prepared. Most handrails, after a period of use, will acquire a film of dirt and grease, preventing proper adherence of an adhesive film. If a previous film has to be removed first, reference should be made to earlier U.S. Pat. No. 6,450,228 and related applications that provide a technique for removing an existing film.
- Accordingly, the handrail is first washed with a suitable solvent, to remove all dirt and grease. The handrail is then inspected for gouges or defects that impede application. If deep gouges are present, the handrail may need to be replaced before the film is applied.
- For an escalator or moving walkway, an operator is provided with two matched rolls of film, one for each handrail; the handrail is indicated at 200 and its balustrade at 198 in the drawings, while one roll of film is indicated at 174.
- The
apparatus 10 is mounted to thebalustrade 198, shown inFIGS. 1 and 2 preferably mounted at the top of the escalator for down escalator units and at the bottom of the escalator for up escalator units. On installations where obstacles prevent mounting at these locations, it is permissible to attach theapparatus 10 away from the ends on a straight, sloped portion of the handrail. - Initially, the
support arms 12 are assembled, and for transportation they may be separated into individual components. Thelip roller assembly 120, comprising the twoparts main frame 30. - During initial mounting, the
pressure roller 86 is raised, so that the spring action on the pressure roller does not disrupt proper location of theapparatus 10. For this purpose, thetransverse member 88 can be lifted and collars or the like inserted between it and theguides 82, to retain thepressure roller 86 in a raised position. Then, theside rollers 48 of each of theroller devices handrail 198. The twoshell halves 92 a, b of the shell or trough shaped element 92 are opened, by gripping thehandles 98. - While gripping the
handles 98, themain frame 30 is then lowered on top of thehandrail 198. The twohalves 92 a, b of the trough-shaped element 92 are then closed by releasing thehandles 98 and engaging the lockingelements 100, and during this operation, the location of the various rollers 101-105 is monitored to ensure that they contact the handrail properly and evenly. - By this time, the ends of the
frame 30 are supported on thehandrail 200 by therollers 38. Theknobs 52, at either end, are actuated, to displace theside rollers 48 inwards, until they contact thehandrail 200, to accurately locate and center theapparatus 10 with respect to thehandrail 200. - The suction cups 20 are then adhered to the
balustrade 198, and if necessary, theadjustable arm portions 16 are adjusted in length as required, to ensure proper location of thesuction cups 20 consistent with the desired location of themain frame 30. The motor orbraking device 78 is connected to a suitable power source (not required for a passive braking device 788). - The
roller extension device 120 is then attached to themain frame 30 by means of the mountingbolt 124. The twoparts handrail 200, and thebolt 124 tightened to secure theparts device 120, and then subsequently rotated into position. - At this time, if desired, the
handrail 200 can be run for a short period, to ensure that all of the rollers 101-108 for pressing the film onto the handrail are in a proper position and functioning as desired. Since the two halves of the shell-shaped or trough-shaped element 92 are transparent, the various rollers can be viewed for this purpose, and the open configuration of theroller extension device 120 enables the rollers therein to be inspected. - A
roll 174 offilm 160 on thesleeve 150 is then mounted on thespindle 62, and a take uproll 178 for taking up the release sheet is mounted on thesecond spindle 66. - The end of the
film 160 is unrolled from the first roll, the end of therelease sheet 166 is separated from the film and wrapped around the take uproll 178. The end of the film, indicated at 176, is passed around thetension roller 76 and beneath thepressure roller 86, and then adhered to the top of thehandrail 200. The side edges of the film end are manually wrapped around the handrail at the start. - The
handrail 200 is then moved or jogged for a short distance, so that the film starts to pass through the entire mechanism, and the rollers and thepressure roller mechanism 90 wrap thefilm 160 around thehandrail 200. - Once it has been confirmed that the film is being properly applied to the handrail, i.e. that the handrail is being properly wrapped around the handrail, that the edges of the film are aligned as desired with the slot in the handrail on the underneath of the handrail, and that there are no undesired creases, wrinkles, bubbles, etc., then the apparatus is ready to cover the entire handrail with the film.
- Before running the film along the entire length of the handrail, the tension in the film can be checked. Preferably, this is done by running a short length of the film, and measuring the film on the handrail to check the degree of stretch or strain imposed on the film. It is anticipated that most films will have some standard, repeated pattern, so that the length between prominent features of the image or print on the film will be known from the unstretched film on the release sheet, or this can be measured in advance. Then, once a short length of the film has been applied to the handrail, the corresponding measurement can be checked, to ensure that a desired degree of strain or stretch has been applied to the film. The exact degree of stretch or strain has been found to be dependent upon a number of factors, such as characteristics of the individual handrail, installations, temperature, and, possibly, humidity. Accordingly, in practice it may well be necessary to adjust the torque applied by the braking device or
motor 78. - If an initial run of the film has the incorrect tension, then it can be removed, and the tension adjusted. Once the film has been applied with the tension or strain within desired limits, then the
handrail 200 can be run to apply the film along the entire length of the handrail. When one handrail has been covered, then the other handrail can be subject to the same treatment. - Typically, the escalator is jogged or run three metres to run a test strip, during which it is ensured that the film edges do not get folded in the rollers 101-108. The film is checked for alignment, presence of any bubbles or wrinkles, or other defects. The location of the roll of
film 174 on thespindle 60 can be adjusted, to center the film and the pressure applied by thepressure roller 86 can be adjusted if necessary. - The stretch of the film is calculated by remeasuring a repeat length on the film. If the original, unstretched length of a repeated image is X and if it is Y when stretched, the stretch is calculated as:
stretch percent=((Y−X)/X)×100 - Typically, the desired stretch will be about 6 percent. If the stretch is too low, then a controller setting for the motor or
braking device 78 is increased; correspondingly, if the stretch is too high, then the setting is turned down. - The following table 2 gives exemplary settings for the
braking device 78, which shows that the required tension force, to give a constant six percent stretch or strain, can vary considerably.TABLE 2 TABLE 2 Braking Device 78: Setting, 6% Stretch Film Width mm 135 142 152 Temperature, C. 0 50 55 61 5 38 42 46 10 25 28 30 15 16 18 19 20 10 11 12 25 7 8 8 30 6 7 7 - The
handrail 200 is then jogged or run for another two or three metres, to test its stretch. Again, the measurement or calculation above is repeated to determine the stretch. This is repeated as many times as necessary, until the desired degree of stretch is obtained. - Once the desired stretch is present, the test sections of the film are pulled up and removed, and the end of the film is trimmed neatly at an angle of 80-85 degrees relative to the longitudinal axis of the
handrail 200, using a pair of scissors or a knife, taking care not to damage or nick the handrail itself. This leaves a firstfilm end portion 182 with the actual inclined film end and indicated at 183 (dotted lines inFIG. 10 a). - As shown in
FIG. 8 a, thefilm 160 is initially planar and flat when it contacts thehandrail 200, under the influence of thepressure roller 86. The tension mechanism described above is such as to provide a desired strain or prestretch to the film. Typically, this will be of the order of 6 percent, and more generally is expected to be in the range of 5-8 percent, measured as a percent strain in the film. - As the
film 160 is drawn further along thehandrail 200, the rollers 101-108 cause the film to progressively wrap around the handrail until the film is completely in contact with thehandrail 200, as shown inFIG. 8 b. - The film is then ready to be applied to the entire handrail. The escalator or moving walkway start button is engaged for one complete handrail revolution and stopped when the film has overlapped the first
film end portion 182 by approximately 1.5 to 2 metres (FIG. 10 not showing the full overlap). The film is then cut, and the escalator or moving walkway is then jogged or run sufficiently to run the film end out of theapplicator 10. - The
applicator 10 can then be taken down or removed. First, theroller extension device 120 is detached from themain frame 30 and removed. Thesupport arms 12 and thesuction cups 20 are removed. Theside rollers 48 are loosened. Thelocking mechanism 100 for the shell halves 92 a, 92 b is opened. The shell halves 92 a, 92 b are held open withhandles 98 and theapplicator 10 is removed from thebalustrade 198. It is then either transferred to the other handrail if this still needs to be provided with a film, or simply put down ready for complete disassembly and packing for transportation. When necessary, any black residue left bysuction cups 20 is removed from thebalustrade 198. - Then, as a further aspect of the present invention, a heat seal splice is formed for the two end portions of the handrail. After the final cut is made to the film, a second
film end portion 184 is formed having an actual film end or edge 185 (FIG. 10 ). - The second
film end portion 184 is formed by pulling up an appropriate amount of excess film, at the overlap portion of the film, until the print or pattern on the overlapped sections of the film matches suitably, or any mismatch is not too discernible. The end of the upper portion of the film is trimmed at an angle of 80-85 degrees to the axis of thehandrail 200, to form thefilm end 185 of the secondfilm end portion 184. Theend portion 184 is then smoothed down by hand to ensure that there are no bubbles or wrinkles. - Now, as the film has been subject to prestretching, it has been found that the adhesive securing it to the
handrail 200 is inadequate to prevent creep of the film. Within a short time, tension in the film will cause theend portions - A heat
seal sealing iron 190 is used as shown inFIG. 10 . A film cap is provided, as indicated at 192. Thefilm cap 192 is generally rectangular and has its own release sheet. Thefilm cap 192 is formed from—the same material as thefilm 160 itself and preferably has the same thickness as one layer of thefilm 160, although it could have a different thickness. Thefilm cap 192 is transparent. For example, thefilm cap 192 can have a thickness in the range 0.5-3.0 mils and a width in the range 10-25 mm. - The liner or release sheet for the
film cap 192 is removed, and it is placed symmetrically over the overlappingfilm end portions upper film end 185 bisects thefilm cap 192. - It is smoothed down evenly, to ensure that again there are no wrinkles or bubbles.
- The
heat sealing iron 190 is then pressed against thefilm cap 192, starting at the center and working towards the sides. It is worked slowly and evenly, with even pressure, to heat seal thefilm cap 192 to thefilm end portions film cap 192 to fuse or bond to the top of thefilm 160. - It has been found desirable to provide the
iron 190 with a non-stick surface, such as a Teflon surface, to ensure it does not stick to the film. A Teflon surface used has a surface pattern or texture that can leave an impression on thefilm cap 192, but this has the advantage of confirming that thefilm cap 192 has been properly heat sealed or bonded to thefilm 160. Bonding of thefilm cap 192 can be checked by visual inspection and by the operator using his or her fingers to pick at the edges of thecap 192. - Finally, any excess length of the
film cap 192, at the edges of the lips of thehandrail 200 is trimmed with a pair of scissors. - A final inspection is then made of the film around entire length of the handrail. Despite all due care, bubbles may occasionally occur. These can be removed by puncturing the bubbles with a hypodermic needle and progressively squeezing the bubbles to squeeze the air out of the bubbles and cause the entire film to adhere to the surface of the handrail. For larger bubbles, a number of punctures may need to be made with a needle.
- Now, as mentioned above, the difficulty with providing a flexible film for a handrail is that the
handrail 200 is flexed in use.FIG. 8B indicates at 240 the neutral axis of the handrail, defined by tension elements indicated schematically at 242, these usually being a series of coplanar steel cables. As further indicated inFIG. 8 b, this results in the top surface of thehandrail 200 being spaced a distance D1 above theneutral axis 240, while the bottom of the lips, indicated at 244, are located a distance D2 below theneutral axis 240. In other words, as these steel cables have a much higher modulus of elasticity than the rest of the body of the handrail, typically made of resilient elastomeric material, it is almost solely the characteristics of the stretch inhibitingsteel cables 242, which define the location of the neutral axis. The depth D2 is much greater than the depth D1. - As indicated at 246, in applicant's earlier application, it was proposed to wrap the
film 160 only partially around the lips to the location approximately indicated at 246, i.e. slightly below the widest point of the handrail indicated by aline 248, representing the middle ofshoulders 250 of the handrail. Even so, at such a location, theedges 246 of thefilm 160 are substantially below theneutral axis 240. Consequently, when thehandrail 200 passes around rollers, for example, at the ends of the escalator, the handrail body below theneutral axis 240 is compressed, while the handrail body above theneutral axis 240 is stretched. For thefilm 160, stretching causes no difficulty. Firstly, the degree of stretching is relatively small, since it is noted the top surface is only a relatively small distance D1 from the neutral axis. Secondly, the film is capable of withstanding the necessary degree of stretching and such stretching does not tend to lift the film from the handrail. - A difficulty occurs for the edge portions of the film, extending down to the
edges 246. Theedges 246 themselves are well below theneutral axis 240, and as such must compress to a significant extent, if they are to remain adhered to thehandrail 200. In practice, it has been found that theedges 246, after repeated use, tend to show a wrinkling or puckering effect, i.e. theedges 246 tend to show short portions that remain adhered to thehandrail 200 alternating with short portions that have wrinkled away from thehandrail 200, to accommodate the compression of the handrail below theneutral axis 240. - Accordingly, the present invention provides a prestretching of
film 160, so that the degree of prestretch, measured as a strain or percentage elongation of thefilm 160, is at least greater than the maximum degree of compressive reduction in length of the film, i.e. negative elongation, that could occur in use. This will than ensure that, all portions of thefilm 160, even when thehandrail 200 is flexed, will always be maintained in tension. The handrail body itself 200, particularly towards thelips 244 may be subjected to significant compressive strains, but the net strain in thefilm 160 will always be a tensile strain. Consequently, there should be no tendency for thefilm 160 to lift from thehandrail body 200. - While such prestretching of the film will increase the total tensile load applied to the top portion of the film on top of the
handrail 200, as this is only the relatively short distance D1 from the neutral axis, the total tensile strain applied to thefilm 160 should still be acceptable. For certain handrail designs, configurations and selection of materials forfilm 160, this may result in excessive tensile loads being applied to thefilm 160. In such cases, it may be possible to reduce the prestretch applied to thefilm 160, so that, for the edges of thefilm 160, small, compressive strains may be applied. These should be selected to be so small that they can be readily borne by the adhesive used to adhere thefilm 160 tohandrail 200 without causing any significant wrinkling or puckering to occur. - In the earlier invention, as indicated at 246, the edges of the
film 160 were located relatively high up the body of thehandrail 200, with the intention of not imposing excessive compressive strains on thefilm 160. For the present invention, as these compressive strains are either totally eliminated or at least reduced to acceptable levels, it is now envisaged that thefilm 160 could extend around to locations such as those indicated at 252 or 254.Edges 252 are located further around thelips 244, whileedges 254 anticipate thefilm 160 extending almost to the end of thelips 244. This is desirable, since edges that are located well under the main body of the handrail will not be visible or apparent to users. Edges that are in any way either visible, or detectable by feel when the user grips the handrail with a hand, encourage those users that have a tendency to pick at these edges. In time and with repeated usage, the edges then become damaged, resulting in the possibility of thefilm 160 becoming detached to a greater or lesser extent, and a possibility of the film or part of the film being caught up in the handrail drive mechanism. - In particular, the degree to which the
film 160 wraps around the handrail can be adjusted and will depend on individual handrail profiles and installations. Having the film wrap a large way around the handrail lips is advantageous as it puts the edge of the film well away from users and not readily accessible to anyone who, for whatever reason, might want to try and peel it off. On the other hand, where the film wraps all the way around the lips, it can tend to buckle as the handrail travels around end rollers and the like. Accordingly, it is expected that some compromise will usually be needed between these two parameters.
Claims (24)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/773,614 US20070284031A1 (en) | 1999-02-19 | 2007-07-05 | Method of applying a flexible film to a handrail and forming a joint between the ends of the film |
US12/481,153 US7951254B2 (en) | 1999-02-19 | 2009-06-09 | Method of applying advertising to the surface of a moving handrail |
Applications Claiming Priority (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/252,784 US6682806B1 (en) | 1999-02-19 | 1999-02-19 | Method of applying a protective film, optionally including advertising or other visible material, to the surface of a handrail for an escalator or moving walkway |
US09/510,498 US6450228B1 (en) | 1999-02-19 | 2000-02-22 | Method of applying and removing a protective film to the surface of a handrail for an escalator or moving walkway |
US10/126,514 US7108905B2 (en) | 2000-02-22 | 2002-04-22 | Protective film for the surface of a handrail for an escalator or moving walkway |
US10/126,518 US7041195B2 (en) | 1999-02-19 | 2002-04-22 | Method of applying and removing a protective film to the surface of a handrail for an escalator or moving walkway |
US10/752,316 US20040247843A1 (en) | 1999-02-19 | 2004-01-07 | Method of applying a protective film, optionally including advertising or other visible material, to the surface of a handrail for an escalator or moving walkway |
US11/030,071 US7278528B2 (en) | 1999-02-19 | 2005-01-07 | Method of and apparatus for applying a film optionally including advertising or other visible material, to the surface of a handrail for an escalator or moving walkway |
US11/773,614 US20070284031A1 (en) | 1999-02-19 | 2007-07-05 | Method of applying a flexible film to a handrail and forming a joint between the ends of the film |
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US11/030,071 Division US7278528B2 (en) | 1999-02-19 | 2005-01-07 | Method of and apparatus for applying a film optionally including advertising or other visible material, to the surface of a handrail for an escalator or moving walkway |
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US12/481,153 Continuation US7951254B2 (en) | 1999-02-19 | 2009-06-09 | Method of applying advertising to the surface of a moving handrail |
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US20070284031A1 true US20070284031A1 (en) | 2007-12-13 |
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US11/030,071 Expired - Fee Related US7278528B2 (en) | 1999-02-19 | 2005-01-07 | Method of and apparatus for applying a film optionally including advertising or other visible material, to the surface of a handrail for an escalator or moving walkway |
US11/773,614 Abandoned US20070284031A1 (en) | 1999-02-19 | 2007-07-05 | Method of applying a flexible film to a handrail and forming a joint between the ends of the film |
US12/481,153 Expired - Fee Related US7951254B2 (en) | 1999-02-19 | 2009-06-09 | Method of applying advertising to the surface of a moving handrail |
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US11/030,071 Expired - Fee Related US7278528B2 (en) | 1999-02-19 | 2005-01-07 | Method of and apparatus for applying a film optionally including advertising or other visible material, to the surface of a handrail for an escalator or moving walkway |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US12/481,153 Expired - Fee Related US7951254B2 (en) | 1999-02-19 | 2009-06-09 | Method of applying advertising to the surface of a moving handrail |
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US20090123715A1 (en) * | 2007-11-09 | 2009-05-14 | Escalator Handrail Company Inc. | Elastic and resilient film having a barrier layer |
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US20100088183A1 (en) * | 1999-02-19 | 2010-04-08 | Ball Ronald H | Method of applying advertising to the surface of a moving handrail |
US7951254B2 (en) | 1999-02-19 | 2011-05-31 | Ehc Canada, Inc. | Method of applying advertising to the surface of a moving handrail |
US20090123715A1 (en) * | 2007-11-09 | 2009-05-14 | Escalator Handrail Company Inc. | Elastic and resilient film having a barrier layer |
US20090120575A1 (en) * | 2007-11-09 | 2009-05-14 | Escalator Handrail Company Inc. | Method of manufacturing a film having a layer with a barrier coating |
US20090123714A1 (en) * | 2007-11-09 | 2009-05-14 | Escalator Handrail Company | Elastic and resilient film having a layer with a barrier coating |
US20090126858A1 (en) * | 2007-11-09 | 2009-05-21 | Escalator Handrail Company Inc. | Method of applying a film to an endless moving handrail having a layer with a barrier coating |
US8206528B2 (en) | 2007-11-09 | 2012-06-26 | Ehc Canada, Inc. | Method of applying a film to an endless moving handrail having a layer with a barrier coating |
US8337977B2 (en) | 2007-11-09 | 2012-12-25 | Ehc Canada, Inc. | Elastic and resilient film having a layer with a barrier coating |
Also Published As
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US20100088183A1 (en) | 2010-04-08 |
US7278528B2 (en) | 2007-10-09 |
US20050118400A1 (en) | 2005-06-02 |
US7951254B2 (en) | 2011-05-31 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: ESCALATOR HANDRAIL COMPANY INC.,, CANADA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:BALL, RONALD H., MR.;REEL/FRAME:021253/0508 Effective date: 20050101 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: BALL, RONALD H., MR., CANADA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:MCLEOD, JOHN, MR.;HAIDER, VIQAR, MR.;TATU, ION-VIOREL, MR.;REEL/FRAME:021568/0405 Effective date: 20050106 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: EHC CANADA, INC., ONTARIO Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:ESCALATOR HANDRAIL COMPANY INC.;REEL/FRAME:021936/0298 Effective date: 20080912 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |