US20080005928A1 - Structure for the Flexible Damping of Dynamic Effects on a Body, and a Damping Member - Google Patents

Structure for the Flexible Damping of Dynamic Effects on a Body, and a Damping Member Download PDF

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Publication number
US20080005928A1
US20080005928A1 US11/632,256 US63225605A US2008005928A1 US 20080005928 A1 US20080005928 A1 US 20080005928A1 US 63225605 A US63225605 A US 63225605A US 2008005928 A1 US2008005928 A1 US 2008005928A1
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Prior art keywords
layers
connecting element
cavity
sole
shoe
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Abandoned
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US11/632,256
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Istvan Koszegi
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority claimed from HU0401397A external-priority patent/HU0401397D0/en
Priority claimed from HU0500263A external-priority patent/HU226147B1/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of US20080005928A1 publication Critical patent/US20080005928A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F1/00Springs
    • F16F1/36Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers
    • F16F1/42Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers characterised by the mode of stressing
    • F16F1/44Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers characterised by the mode of stressing loaded mainly in compression
    • F16F1/445Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers characterised by the mode of stressing loaded mainly in compression the spring material being contained in a generally closed space
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43FOOTWEAR
    • A43BCHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B13/00Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units
    • A43B13/14Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units characterised by the constructive form
    • A43B13/18Resilient soles
    • A43B13/181Resiliency achieved by the structure of the sole
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F1/00Springs
    • F16F1/36Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers
    • F16F1/373Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers characterised by having a particular shape
    • F16F1/376Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers characterised by having a particular shape having projections, studs, serrations or the like on at least one surface

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a structure for the flexible damping of dynamic effects on a body, especially a shoe-sole structure, mainly for sporting shoes.
  • the subject of the invention is also a damping member that can be used for such structures.
  • the task to be solved with the invention is to provide a structure that can be used for the flexible damping of dynamic effects on a body in the most general sense of the word, which structure ensures damping more efficient than the presently known similar structures, and also technically it can be realised in a simple way and is reasonable from the aspect of economy.
  • the task to be solved with the invention is also to provide a shoe-sole structure, especially sporting shoe-sole structure that provides maximum protection of the ankle, knee and hip joints of the person wearing sporting shoes with soles of this type, by approaching the bio-mechanical operation of bear soles.
  • the task to be solved with the invention is also to provide a damping member that can be used as a part of such structures.
  • the invention is based on the following recognition: for example when after jumping up bare soles touch the ground again, in the first moments the skin surfaces gets in contact with the ground. AS compared to each other the ground and the skin surface do not move, but a soft part of about 4-8 mm-s of the bare feet get deformed, and activated by this it forms a soft flexibility zone when hitting the ground. Whatever type of movements people make—e.g.: stepping, jumping, turning—only a certain part of their soles touch the floor or the ground, which part folds and undergoes soft deformation when it touches the ground. At this point the stabilisation of the feet is started, and in the second phase the harder flexibility and appropriate stability is provided by the ligamentous and muscular apparatus. In the first phase the dynamic effect is small and the deformation—movement—is large, while in the second phase the dynamic effect is large and deformation/movement is small.
  • an optimal shoe-sole structure should contain a folding/flexible zone that first ensures softer flexibility allowing relatively larger deformation on the given sole-part, and then harder flexibility allowing smaller deformation.
  • the shoe-sole structure should operate similarly to the bare sole—edge of the sole—when touching the ground.
  • the bio-mechanical operation of the feet changes when touching the ground: the material of the edges of the shoes, the construction and flexibility of the shoe-soles influence the operation of the feet, the legs and the joints.
  • the set task was solved with a structure, especially shoe-sole structure for the flexible damping of dynamic effects on a body, which structure has layers situated transversally with respect to the direction of the dynamic effect, connected to each other with flexible connecting elements, situated at a distance from each other in an unloaded condition, and which structure is characterised by that one end of the connecting elements is caught in the cavity created in at least one of the layers, and the internal space of the cavity is larger than or the same as that of the connecting element extending into it, and the connecting elements are made of a material with a greater ability of flexible deformation than that of the material of the layers.
  • the other end of the connecting elements can be attached to the surface, for example flat surface, of the other layer.
  • this solution represents a connection between the layers that ensures two types of different flexibility occurring between the layers, for example shoe-sole parts, in two phases, and the movement of the layers with respect to each other in space—that is in all directions—in the case that dynamic effect occurs.
  • the gap between the layers is an air-gap, although the possibility is not excluded that the gap is filled with some compressible material or material suitable for deflection as a result of pressure, for example gel, or with some other plastic, soft material, or with gas other than air.
  • some compressible material or material suitable for deflection for example gel, or with some other plastic, soft material, or with gas other than air.
  • the connecting element and/or the cavity accommodating it has the shape of a truncated cone, although other, practically optional shapes can also be chosen, for example with a circular, oval or polygonal cross-section.
  • the connecting elements can be solid or hollow, which provides the possibility of changing the time and/or extent of compression and the movement of the layers to suit the current field of use of the structure.
  • the connecting element starts from an upper layer and extends downwards, into a cavity created in a lower layer.
  • the connecting element can also start from the flat surface of a lower layer and fit into the cavity of an upper layer facing downwards.
  • both ends of the connecting element fit into a cavity respectively, created in layers facing each other. It may also be practical, if one or more intermediate layers are inserted between an upper layer and a lower layer, which intermediate layers are connected to the upper layer and the lower layer with a connecting element extending into a cavity, at a certain distance from them.
  • the layers are parallel to each other; and if the surface of the layers and/or connecting elements is smooth and/or coarse, and/or grooved and/or wavy and/or arched; and if the connecting elements are attached to the layers connected to them by gluing.
  • a further important feature of the invention is that only the end-plate of the connecting elements fitting into the cavity is fixed to the bottom-plate of the cavity, because in this way the connection element has the maximum freedom of lateral movement inside the cavity.
  • the materials of the layers connected by the connecting elements that can be flexibly deformed to a smaller extent than above can have different flexibility; for example in the case of shoe-soles the upper layer is made of polyethylene, the connecting element is made of rubber, for example latex, and favourably the lower layer is made of crêpe fabric.
  • the connecting element is made of rubber, for example latex
  • the lower layer is made of crêpe fabric.
  • other type of materials and combinations of materials, artificial and natural rubbers, plastics, etc. can also be used, and mostly the lower layer is made of a less flexible material, and obviously both layers are harder and less flexible than the connecting elements.
  • the invention also relates to a damping member used for the structure for the flexible damping of dynamic effects on a body, which damping member has a flexibly deformable connecting element situated between practically parallel layers situated at a distance from each other transversally with respect to the direction of the dynamic effect, and is characterised by that one end of the connecting element is caught in a cavity created at least in one of the layers, and the internal space of the cavity is larger than or the same as that of the connecting element extending into it; and the connecting element is made of a material with a greater ability of flexible deformation than that of the material of the layers.
  • FIGS. 1 a - 1 d show three phases of the deformation of a bare human foot when it touches the ground, and the geometrical position of the foot during deformation;
  • FIGS. 2 a - 2 d how the situation shown in FIGS. 1 a - 1 d changes, when there is a shoe on the same foot;
  • FIG. 3 shows a damping member of the sole structure according to the invention in perspective view at a scale larger than in reality
  • FIG. 4 shows another construction of a damping member of the structure in perspective view
  • FIGS. 5 a - 5 e show a few further possible constructions of the damping members of the sole structure in diagrammatic vertical section
  • FIGS. 6-8 show further possible constructions of the damping members of the sole structure according to the invention at an increased scale
  • FIG. 9 a shows the upper layer of the sporting shoe with a sole structure according to the invention in perspective bottom view
  • FIG. 9 b is the top view of the lower layer to be connected to the upper layer as in FIG. 9 a;
  • FIG. 9 c is the bottom view of the united layers
  • FIG. 9 d is the perspective view of a complete sporting shoe with a sole structure according to the invention.
  • FIG. 10 a shows the behaviour of a sporting shoe provided with a sole structure according to the invention when touching the ground, in vertical section;
  • FIG. 10 b shows part A as marked in FIG. 10 a, at an increased scale
  • FIGS. 10 c and 10 d shoe the behaviour—movement—of one single connecting element during deformation
  • FIGS. 11 a - 11 d are curves showing the dynamic effect on the bare foot and on shoe-soles of different structures, and the deformation of the foot and sole structure occurring as a result of it.
  • FIG. 1 a shows the first phase of the process demonstrated by FIGS. 1 a - 1 c, and in this first phase a jumping or running person touches the floor 6 , e.g.: flat ground, 6 with the front part—edge—of the sole 4 of his/her foot, as a result of which the soft part 5 of the solve 4 of about 4-8 mm-s gets activated, softly deformed, folded and flattened in a way that the skin surface of the sole 4 and the surface of the floor 6 do not move with respect to each other. By this the stabilisation of the leg starts, and it can be regarded as the first phase of softer flexibility.
  • FIG. 1 b shows an intermediate phase of the deformation process.
  • FIG. 1 c which can be regarded as the second phase of harder flexibility, in which the ligamentous and muscular apparatus of the joints receives appropriate stability.
  • FIG. 1 d shows that the foot touching the floor at an angle and the leg remain positioned along the same line in each phase, the straight line does not break where the foot and the leg join each other.
  • FIGS. 2 a - 2 d show a process corresponding to the phases shown in FIGS. 1 a - 1 d, but in this case there is a traditional shoe 7 —sporting shoe —on the foot. It can be seen in FIGS. 2 a - 2 d that the shoe 7 changes the behaviour—bio-mechanism—of the foot when touching the floor 6 , as a result of which the joints and the foot are not exposed to the stress shown in FIG. 1 d basically occurring in the direction of the axis of the leg, but this stress-line breaks in the region where the foot and the leg join each other, as shown in FIG. 2 d; the problem caused by the changed bio-mechanism resulting in a risk of injury is also shown in FIGS. 2 a - 2 c.
  • FIG. 3 shows a part of the sole according to the invention, namely one of its basic damping members 8 the multitude of which comprises the sole structure itself.
  • the upper layer 9 of the sole, the lower layer 10 and the connecting element 11 joining them form parts of the damping member 8 .
  • the damping member 8 is shown with a part of the lower layer 10 removed, the connecting element 11 of the damping member 8 has the shape of a truncated cone the cross-section of which reduces downwards.
  • the connecting element 11 is attached to the lower surface of the upper layer 9 at its upper plate not shown here, and it extends into the cavity 19 created in the lower layer 10 ending on its upper surface 20 , which has the shape of a truncated cone narrowing downwards.
  • the lower plate of the damping member 8 is attached to the lower flat surface 21 of the cavity 19 .
  • the lower and upper flat plate of the connecting element 11 should be fixed to the internal surface of the layers 9 , 10 for example by gluing, as a result of which connection is created between the latter layers.
  • the material of the connecting element 11 is chosen in a way that its flexible deformability is greater than that of the layers 9 , 10 , that is it is softer than the less flexible material of the layers 9 , 10 .
  • the lower layer 10 can also be less flexible, harder than the upper layer 9 .
  • the material of the upper layer 9 can be polyethylene—PUR or EVA; the connecting element 11 may be made of rubber (latex); and the material of the lower layer 10 touching the floor can be crepe fabric.
  • FIG. 4 The only difference between the damping member shown in FIG. 4 and the one in FIG. 3 is that in FIG. 4 the connecting element 12 has the shape of a truncated cone the cross-section of which increases downwards, so the reference numbers and signs used in FIG. 3 are also used here to refer to the same structural parts, and parts not visible are marked with a broken line.
  • the upper plate of the connecting element 11 attached to the lower surface of the layer 9 is marked with reference number 22 .
  • FIGS. 5 a - 5 e the layers are also marked with reference number 9 and 10 , and between them there is always a gap 18 , and in each case a connecting element 11 extends into the lower layer 10 , and the material of the connecting element 11 is different from the material of the layers 9 , 10 , and the layers 9 , 10 also have a different material from each other; it is shown by shading them differently and by dotting the connecting elements 11 the lower and upper surfaces of which are fixed to the internal surface of the layers 9 , 10 by gluing.
  • FIGS. 5 a - 5 e show that there are innumerable possibilities of creating the damping member 8 , by choosing different materials, geometrical shapes and layer positions.
  • FIGS. 6-8 at an increased scale show—only as an example—that geometrical versions the connecting element 8 can also have structural versions, which are also included in the scope of protection of the invention.
  • the only difference between the solution shown in FIG. 6 and the solution shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 is that in FIG. 6 another cavity 12 also shaped like a truncated cone is built in the upper layer 9 of the damping member 8 of the sole structure from inside, opposite the cavity 19 in the lower sole layer 10 , and the connecting element 11 joins the layers 9 , 10 by fitting into these cavities 19 , 12 and being glued in them.
  • the internal space of the cavities 19 , 12 together must be larger than or at least the same as the internal space of the connecting element 11 .
  • the damping member 8 shown in FIG. 7 contains an intermediate layer 13 situated at a certain distance from the layers 9 , 10 , that is separated from them by gaps 18 , 18 a, and a cone-shaped cavity 13 is cut into its surface facing the lower layer 10 , and a cone-shaped connecting element 11 a is fixed to its upper surface, which connecting element 11 a fits into and is glued into the cone-shaped cavity 12 cut into the internal surface of the upper layer 9 .
  • a second cone-shaped connecting element 11 b starts from and is attached to the internal surface of the lower layer 10 , and it fits into and is fixed into a cone-shaped nest 14 cut into the lower surface of the intermediate layer 13 .
  • the cavities 12 , 14 and the connecting elements 11 a, 11 b have a common x geometrical axis.
  • the damping member 8 shown in FIG. 8 is similar to the one in shown in FIG. 6 , because cone-shaped cavities 19 , 12 facing inwards are cut into both layers 9 and 10 , and cone-shaped connecting elements 11 a, 11 b fixed to an intermediate layer 15 , extending downwards and upwards from it are fixed into the cavities 19 , 12 for example by gluing.
  • the connecting elements 11 , 11 a and 11 b are also made of a material with greater flexible deformability—from a softer flexible material—like the layers 9 , 10 , 13 and 15 . They—similarly to the connecting elements 8 in FIGS. 5 a - 5 d— should always be used to suit the current task to be solved. It must be pointed out here that the dimensions in the figures are not right, the figures serve the purpose of explaining the invention.
  • FIG. 9 a shows the upper layer 9 of a structure according to the invention for the damping of dynamic effects on the foot when touching the ground, which upper layer 9 forms a part of the sole of a shoe 7 .
  • the layer 9 contains connecting elements 11 , for example as shown in FIG. 3 , extending downwards from its surface; in the interest of better comprehensibility these connecting elements 11 are only shown—distorted—in regions 16 and 17 .
  • the lower layer 10 of the structure can be seen in top view, and the upper layer 9 fits onto it, and in accordance with this in regions 16 ′, 17 ′ and 23 ′- 25 ′ corresponding to regions 16 , 17 and 23 - 25 it contains cavities 19 .
  • FIG. 9 d is the perspective view of a part of the sole structure containing several connecting elements 11 connecting layers 9 and 10 in a still undeformed condition.
  • the structural parts described above are marked with the reference numbers already used.
  • damping members 8 ( FIG. 3 ) (base cells) suiting the dynamic effects occurring there and the deformation expected there can be used, consequently their dimensions and/or shape and/or material quality, the gap width, and the proportions of the internal space of the connecting element and its cavity, etc. can be different in each region.
  • FIGS. 10 a - 10 d The behaviour of the structure according to the invention is described on the basis of FIGS. 10 a - 10 d.
  • the foot wearing a shoe 7 touches the floor 6 in a position with an angular x axis as compared to the z vertical axis, and due to the structure according to the invention the leg 2 remains in this straight position even after hitting the floor, it does not give way.
  • FIG. 10 b shows an intermediate condition of deformation, in which the lower surface of the upper layer 9 has not yet reached the upper surface of the lower layer 10 . While the movements in the sole structure hitting the floor 6 take place as shown by the arrows in FIG. 10 b, the sole surface does not move with respect to the floor 6 , as shown by arrows b .
  • FIGS. 10 c and 10 d are schematic geometrical drawings showing only the process of the deformation of the cavity 19 and the connecting element 11 fitting into it caused by dynamic effects p 1 , p indicated by arrows.
  • the first phase of flexible deformation “soft” deformation—starts in the phase shown in FIG. 10 c, as a result of which the connecting element 11 is gradually pressed into the cavity 19 —becomes activated—and in accordance with the direction of the p 1 force it also moves to the right, which also results in the slight movement of the sole layers in space with respect to each other.
  • the connecting element 11 extends out from the cavity 19 at a distance a .
  • the first phase ends and the second phase of “harder” flexibility independent from the first phase takes place, in the course of which the harder lower and upper layers ( FIGS. 3-8 ) start to operate. So it is obvious that in the first phase the sole structure gets folded even in the case of a small amount of dynamic effect, and it gets softly deformed to a relatively large extent, and in the second phase it ensures the final harder flexibility, the appropriate stability. In this phase there is great dynamic effect and small deformation or movement.
  • the greatest advantage of the invention is that as a result of the operation of the shoe-sole structure described above the foot wearing the shoe behaves like a bare foot when touching the floor, such as ground surface, and in the angle, knee and hip joints are also strained in this way—basically similar to natural straining—, that is the natural bio-mechanical behaviour of the foot wearing the shoe corresponds to the same behaviour of the bare foot, for example in the course of making sporting movements there is a minimal risk of injuries.
  • This circumstance is demonstrated by the comparative curves shown in FIGS. 11 a - 11 c showing the behaviour of the sole structure according to the invention as a function of the force (P) and the movement (E). Curve m in FIG. 11 a shows the behaviour of the bare foot, while curve l in FIG.
  • FIG. 11 b shows the behaviour of a soft sole based on the theoretical supposition that the complete width of the shoe-sole is made of the material of the connecting elements according to the invention.
  • curve k in FIG. 11 c shows the behaviour of a sole the complete width of which is made of a hard material.
  • curve m shows the ideal behaviour of the sole; in the case of curve l the movement is too large even in the case of small dynamic effect, while in the case of curve k there is slight movement even in the case of great dynamic effect.
  • Shoe-soles characterised either by curve l or k do not satisfy requirements expected from sporting shoes. As opposed to this curve tin FIG.
  • 11 d representing the sole structure according to the invention shows that in the first “soft” phase I of flexible deformation there is great movement E even in the case of small dynamic effect suiting the initial section of curve m , while in the second phase II of harder flexibility the extent of movement E becomes much smaller as the force P increases.
  • the invention ensures two types of alternating flexibility occurring in two phases independently from each other inside the shoe-sole, as well as slight possibilities of movement in space and folding between the sole layers and sole parts similar to that of the bare sole surface, which sole layers and sole parts can ensure different flexibility and ability of movement independently from each other.
  • the sizes and material qualities of all parts of the damping members can be changed, as a result of which the optimal flexibility behaviour and movement ability of a given sole part or sole surface can be ensured, and the most different demands can be satisfied.
  • By changing the width of the gaps the movement of the layers can be influenced as well as the direction and extent of movements.
  • a structure for example shoe-sole structure, can be created in which two—or more—different and independent flexibility conditions occur as a result of dynamic effects, namely softer flexibility with the possibility of large deformation/movement in the first phase and final harder flexibility and appropriate stability in the second phase, because of the compression and layer movement occurring in the first phase, after the air-gaps have been closed.
  • the invention is not restricted to the construction examples of the structure and damping member described above, but it can be realised in several ways within the scope of protection defined by the claims.
  • the structure and the damping member can be used to solve all tasks where the damping of dynamic effects is needed.
  • the foundation and construction of machines generating vibrations and oscillations during operation is emphasised, in the case of which these movements can be damped very efficiently by installing the structure according to the invention, but it can also be used in the course of making the foundations of buildings exposed to the risk of earthquakes.
  • layers and connecting elements of the appropriate geometry and the right combination of materials must be chosen taking into consideration the current circumstances and conditions.

Abstract

Structure, especially shoe-sole structure for the flexible damping dynamic effects on a body, which structure has layers (9, 10) situated transversally with respect to the direction of the dynamic effect, connected to each other with flexible connecting element (11),said layers (9, 10) being situated at a distance from each other in an unloaded condition. This structure is characterized in that one end of the connecting elements (11) is caught in the cavity (19) created in at least one of the layers (10), and the internal space of the cavity (19) is larger than or the same as that of the connecting element (11) extending into it, and the connecting element (11) is made of a material with a greater ability of flexible deformation than that of the material of the layers (9, 10). The invention also concerns a damping member.

Description

  • The invention relates to a structure for the flexible damping of dynamic effects on a body, especially a shoe-sole structure, mainly for sporting shoes. The subject of the invention is also a damping member that can be used for such structures.
  • In numerous fields of technical and everyday life the problem occurs that there is a need for the flexible damping of dynamic effects on a body, such as vibration, oscillation or shocks in order for a body in the widest sense, for example a machine, building or sporting shoe, to be able to bear dynamic effects ensuring its currently given function to an optimal extent at the same time.
  • In the course of using sporting shoes, every time the shoe-soles hit the floor, such as land surface or the floor of a gymnasium, they transfer dynamic stress onto the soles of sportspeople, or in a wider sense persons wearing sporting shoes, and soles—also in respect of sporting shoes—also include heels. If shoe-soles are inflexible and hard, the dynamic effects generated when the shoe-soles hit the floor have an extremely harmful effect on the feet of the person wearing sporting shoes, on the ankle-joints and also on the knee and hip joints, as a result of which sporting shoes (trainers) were manufactured with flexible soles even earlier, but they did not prove to be sufficient to avoid effects harmful to the joints.
  • As a result of research carried out by companies manufacturing sporting shoes involving significant intellectual and financial investments the development of sporting shoes has been aimed at approaching the bio-mechanical operation of feet wearing shoes to the operation of bare feet, because due to the connection of the shoe-sole surface and the floor, which is different to the natural bare-footed sole surface, the shoes change the dynamic effects in a sense harmful to the joints, which effects are generated in the joints of bear feet when making different movements.
  • As a result of research specialists are hoping to ensure appropriate flexibility by creating a layered shoe-sole structure and making the behaviour of shoe-soles during use similar to the bio-mechanical operation of bare feet. In order to reach this aim on the one part they are trying to achieve desired flexibility by placing different layers, bent sole elements and longitudinal structural units on top of each other, creating the possibility of folds on the given sole surfaces, sole layers and sole edges; on the other part they are trying to achieve optimal flexibility and folding ability by inserting individual base cells, group of rod-like elements, air insoles and cells, making use of the deforming and dimensional changing ability of these elements inserted between the layers occurring as a result of dynamic effects. However, so far they have not been able to find a solution satisfactory from all aspects, because in the developed constructions the folding and flexibility zones are either too soft or too hard; in both cases problems occur during use, so presently no sporting shoes are known that can ensure the folding possibilities and changing flexibility behaviour that can be experienced when bare feet touch the floor.
  • The task to be solved with the invention is to provide a structure that can be used for the flexible damping of dynamic effects on a body in the most general sense of the word, which structure ensures damping more efficient than the presently known similar structures, and also technically it can be realised in a simple way and is reasonable from the aspect of economy. Within this scope the task to be solved with the invention is also to provide a shoe-sole structure, especially sporting shoe-sole structure that provides maximum protection of the ankle, knee and hip joints of the person wearing sporting shoes with soles of this type, by approaching the bio-mechanical operation of bear soles. Finally the task to be solved with the invention is also to provide a damping member that can be used as a part of such structures.
  • The invention is based on the following recognition: for example when after jumping up bare soles touch the ground again, in the first moments the skin surfaces gets in contact with the ground. AS compared to each other the ground and the skin surface do not move, but a soft part of about 4-8 mm-s of the bare feet get deformed, and activated by this it forms a soft flexibility zone when hitting the ground. Whatever type of movements people make—e.g.: stepping, jumping, turning—only a certain part of their soles touch the floor or the ground, which part folds and undergoes soft deformation when it touches the ground. At this point the stabilisation of the feet is started, and in the second phase the harder flexibility and appropriate stability is provided by the ligamentous and muscular apparatus. In the first phase the dynamic effect is small and the deformation—movement—is large, while in the second phase the dynamic effect is large and deformation/movement is small.
  • On the basis of the above facts an optimal shoe-sole structure should contain a folding/flexible zone that first ensures softer flexibility allowing relatively larger deformation on the given sole-part, and then harder flexibility allowing smaller deformation. In other words the shoe-sole structure should operate similarly to the bare sole—edge of the sole—when touching the ground. However, in the course of creating the right shoe-sole construction it should be taken into consideration that if shoes, first of all sporting shoes are put on the feet, the bio-mechanical operation of the feet changes when touching the ground: the material of the edges of the shoes, the construction and flexibility of the shoe-soles influence the operation of the feet, the legs and the joints. First of all there is a greater risk of injury, especially the injury of the ankles and the knees, in the course of making movements associated with sports.
  • Taking into consideration all aspects described above we realised that the disadvantages of the presently known sporting shoe soles listed above can be overcome by using a sole structure that ensures the damping of dynamic effects occurring while making movements within the shoe-sole, with a connection between the layers of sole, which connection is characterised by flexibility changing in two phases and allows slight movements—folding—between neighbouring sole layers.
  • On the basis of the above recognition, in accordance with the invention the set task was solved with a structure, especially shoe-sole structure for the flexible damping of dynamic effects on a body, which structure has layers situated transversally with respect to the direction of the dynamic effect, connected to each other with flexible connecting elements, situated at a distance from each other in an unloaded condition, and which structure is characterised by that one end of the connecting elements is caught in the cavity created in at least one of the layers, and the internal space of the cavity is larger than or the same as that of the connecting element extending into it, and the connecting elements are made of a material with a greater ability of flexible deformation than that of the material of the layers. The other end of the connecting elements can be attached to the surface, for example flat surface, of the other layer. Basically this solution represents a connection between the layers that ensures two types of different flexibility occurring between the layers, for example shoe-sole parts, in two phases, and the movement of the layers with respect to each other in space—that is in all directions—in the case that dynamic effect occurs.
  • According to a favourable construction example the gap between the layers is an air-gap, although the possibility is not excluded that the gap is filled with some compressible material or material suitable for deflection as a result of pressure, for example gel, or with some other plastic, soft material, or with gas other than air. Obviously inside the structure space must be ensured for a material suitable for deflection.
  • Practically the connecting element and/or the cavity accommodating it has the shape of a truncated cone, although other, practically optional shapes can also be chosen, for example with a circular, oval or polygonal cross-section. The connecting elements can be solid or hollow, which provides the possibility of changing the time and/or extent of compression and the movement of the layers to suit the current field of use of the structure.
  • According to a further feature of the invention—especially in the case of shoe-sole structures—the connecting element starts from an upper layer and extends downwards, into a cavity created in a lower layer. Obviously the connecting element can also start from the flat surface of a lower layer and fit into the cavity of an upper layer facing downwards. According to another construction example both ends of the connecting element fit into a cavity respectively, created in layers facing each other. It may also be practical, if one or more intermediate layers are inserted between an upper layer and a lower layer, which intermediate layers are connected to the upper layer and the lower layer with a connecting element extending into a cavity, at a certain distance from them. Obviously other structural solutions are also possible, which—similarly to the cross-sectional shape and size of the connecting elements and the cavities, the material quality of the layers and the connecting elements, etc.—must be chosen to ensure appropriate optimal flexibility and the possibility of folding and moving. This possibility is also provided in another construction example by positioning the connecting elements at right or other angles to the surface of the layers connecting to them or at an angle or in a stepped formation.
  • Generally it is practical, if the layers are parallel to each other; and if the surface of the layers and/or connecting elements is smooth and/or coarse, and/or grooved and/or wavy and/or arched; and if the connecting elements are attached to the layers connected to them by gluing. A further important feature of the invention is that only the end-plate of the connecting elements fitting into the cavity is fixed to the bottom-plate of the cavity, because in this way the connection element has the maximum freedom of lateral movement inside the cavity.
  • According to another construction example the materials of the layers connected by the connecting elements that can be flexibly deformed to a smaller extent than above can have different flexibility; for example in the case of shoe-soles the upper layer is made of polyethylene, the connecting element is made of rubber, for example latex, and favourably the lower layer is made of crêpe fabric. Obviously other type of materials and combinations of materials, artificial and natural rubbers, plastics, etc. can also be used, and mostly the lower layer is made of a less flexible material, and obviously both layers are harder and less flexible than the connecting elements.
  • The invention also relates to a damping member used for the structure for the flexible damping of dynamic effects on a body, which damping member has a flexibly deformable connecting element situated between practically parallel layers situated at a distance from each other transversally with respect to the direction of the dynamic effect, and is characterised by that one end of the connecting element is caught in a cavity created at least in one of the layers, and the internal space of the cavity is larger than or the same as that of the connecting element extending into it; and the connecting element is made of a material with a greater ability of flexible deformation than that of the material of the layers.
  • Below the invention is described in detail on the basis of the attached drawings containing the favourable construction examples of the sole structure of sporting shoes. In the drawings
  • FIGS. 1 a-1 d show three phases of the deformation of a bare human foot when it touches the ground, and the geometrical position of the foot during deformation;
  • FIGS. 2 a-2 d how the situation shown in FIGS. 1 a-1 d changes, when there is a shoe on the same foot;
  • FIG. 3 shows a damping member of the sole structure according to the invention in perspective view at a scale larger than in reality;
  • FIG. 4 shows another construction of a damping member of the structure in perspective view;
  • FIGS. 5 a-5 e show a few further possible constructions of the damping members of the sole structure in diagrammatic vertical section;
  • FIGS. 6-8 show further possible constructions of the damping members of the sole structure according to the invention at an increased scale;
  • FIG. 9 a shows the upper layer of the sporting shoe with a sole structure according to the invention in perspective bottom view;
  • FIG. 9 b is the top view of the lower layer to be connected to the upper layer as in FIG. 9 a;
  • FIG. 9 c is the bottom view of the united layers;
  • FIG. 9 d is the perspective view of a complete sporting shoe with a sole structure according to the invention;
  • FIG. 10 a shows the behaviour of a sporting shoe provided with a sole structure according to the invention when touching the ground, in vertical section;
  • FIG. 10 b shows part A as marked in FIG. 10 a, at an increased scale;
  • FIGS. 10 c and 10 d shoe the behaviour—movement—of one single connecting element during deformation;
  • FIGS. 11 a-11 d are curves showing the dynamic effect on the bare foot and on shoe-soles of different structures, and the deformation of the foot and sole structure occurring as a result of it.
  • FIG. 1 a shows the first phase of the process demonstrated by FIGS. 1 a-1 c, and in this first phase a jumping or running person touches the floor 6, e.g.: flat ground, 6 with the front part—edge—of the sole 4 of his/her foot, as a result of which the soft part 5 of the solve 4 of about 4-8 mm-s gets activated, softly deformed, folded and flattened in a way that the skin surface of the sole 4 and the surface of the floor 6 do not move with respect to each other. By this the stabilisation of the leg starts, and it can be regarded as the first phase of softer flexibility. FIG. 1 b shows an intermediate phase of the deformation process. The heel 3 of the foot 1 moves downwards together with the leg, and finally it reaches the position as shown in FIG. 1 c, which can be regarded as the second phase of harder flexibility, in which the ligamentous and muscular apparatus of the joints receives appropriate stability. As it has been pointed out above, in simple words it can be said that in the first phase there is small dynamic effect and large deformation and movement, while in the second phase there is large dynamic effect and small deformation and movement. FIG. 1 d shows that the foot touching the floor at an angle and the leg remain positioned along the same line in each phase, the straight line does not break where the foot and the leg join each other.
  • FIGS. 2 a-2 d show a process corresponding to the phases shown in FIGS. 1 a-1 d, but in this case there is a traditional shoe 7—sporting shoe —on the foot. It can be seen in FIGS. 2 a-2 d that the shoe 7 changes the behaviour—bio-mechanism—of the foot when touching the floor 6, as a result of which the joints and the foot are not exposed to the stress shown in FIG. 1 d basically occurring in the direction of the axis of the leg, but this stress-line breaks in the region where the foot and the leg join each other, as shown in FIG. 2 d; the problem caused by the changed bio-mechanism resulting in a risk of injury is also shown in FIGS. 2 a-2 c.
  • The sole structure according to the invention makes it possible to produce sporting shoes in the course of the use of which for example when the foot of a sportsperson touches the floor the bio-mechanical behaviour of the foot is as close as possible to the behaviour of a bare foot as a result of the occurring dynamic effect. FIG. 3 shows a part of the sole according to the invention, namely one of its basic damping members 8 the multitude of which comprises the sole structure itself. The upper layer 9 of the sole, the lower layer 10 and the connecting element 11 joining them form parts of the damping member 8. To be more clear in FIG. 3 the damping member 8 is shown with a part of the lower layer 10 removed, the connecting element 11 of the damping member 8 has the shape of a truncated cone the cross-section of which reduces downwards. The connecting element 11 is attached to the lower surface of the upper layer 9 at its upper plate not shown here, and it extends into the cavity 19 created in the lower layer 10 ending on its upper surface 20, which has the shape of a truncated cone narrowing downwards. The lower plate of the damping member 8 is attached to the lower flat surface 21 of the cavity 19. Between the upper layer 9 and the lower layer 10 there is a gap 18 of a width, and it can also be seen in FIG. 3 that the internal space of the cavity 19 is larger than or minimum the same size as the internal space of the connecting element 11. Practically the lower and upper flat plate of the connecting element 11 should be fixed to the internal surface of the layers 9, 10 for example by gluing, as a result of which connection is created between the latter layers.
  • In accordance with the invention the material of the connecting element 11 is chosen in a way that its flexible deformability is greater than that of the layers 9, 10, that is it is softer than the less flexible material of the layers 9, 10. Furthermore the lower layer 10 can also be less flexible, harder than the upper layer 9. For example the material of the upper layer 9 can be polyethylene—PUR or EVA; the connecting element 11 may be made of rubber (latex); and the material of the lower layer 10 touching the floor can be crepe fabric.
  • The only difference between the damping member shown in FIG. 4 and the one in FIG. 3 is that in FIG. 4 the connecting element 12 has the shape of a truncated cone the cross-section of which increases downwards, so the reference numbers and signs used in FIG. 3 are also used here to refer to the same structural parts, and parts not visible are marked with a broken line. The upper plate of the connecting element 11 attached to the lower surface of the layer 9 is marked with reference number 22.
  • In FIGS. 5 a-5 e the layers are also marked with reference number 9 and 10, and between them there is always a gap 18, and in each case a connecting element 11 extends into the lower layer 10, and the material of the connecting element 11 is different from the material of the layers 9, 10, and the layers 9, 10 also have a different material from each other; it is shown by shading them differently and by dotting the connecting elements 11 the lower and upper surfaces of which are fixed to the internal surface of the layers 9, 10 by gluing. FIGS. 5 a-5 e show that there are innumerable possibilities of creating the damping member 8, by choosing different materials, geometrical shapes and layer positions.
  • FIGS. 6-8 at an increased scale show—only as an example—that geometrical versions the connecting element 8 can also have structural versions, which are also included in the scope of protection of the invention. The only difference between the solution shown in FIG. 6 and the solution shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 is that in FIG. 6 another cavity 12 also shaped like a truncated cone is built in the upper layer 9 of the damping member 8 of the sole structure from inside, opposite the cavity 19 in the lower sole layer 10, and the connecting element 11 joins the layers 9, 10 by fitting into these cavities 19, 12 and being glued in them. In this case the internal space of the cavities 19, 12 together must be larger than or at least the same as the internal space of the connecting element 11.
  • The damping member 8 shown in FIG. 7 contains an intermediate layer 13 situated at a certain distance from the layers 9, 10, that is separated from them by gaps 18, 18 a, and a cone-shaped cavity 13 is cut into its surface facing the lower layer 10, and a cone-shaped connecting element 11 a is fixed to its upper surface, which connecting element 11 a fits into and is glued into the cone-shaped cavity 12 cut into the internal surface of the upper layer 9. A second cone-shaped connecting element 11 b starts from and is attached to the internal surface of the lower layer 10, and it fits into and is fixed into a cone-shaped nest 14 cut into the lower surface of the intermediate layer 13. The cavities 12, 14 and the connecting elements 11 a, 11 b have a common x geometrical axis.
  • The damping member 8 shown in FIG. 8 is similar to the one in shown in FIG. 6, because cone-shaped cavities 19, 12 facing inwards are cut into both layers 9 and 10, and cone-shaped connecting elements 11 a, 11 b fixed to an intermediate layer 15, extending downwards and upwards from it are fixed into the cavities 19, 12 for example by gluing.
  • In the case of the damping members 8 shown in FIGS. 6-8 the connecting elements 11, 11 a and 11 b are also made of a material with greater flexible deformability—from a softer flexible material—like the layers 9, 10, 13 and 15. They—similarly to the connecting elements 8 in FIGS. 5 a-5 d—should always be used to suit the current task to be solved. It must be pointed out here that the dimensions in the figures are not right, the figures serve the purpose of explaining the invention.
  • FIG. 9 a shows the upper layer 9 of a structure according to the invention for the damping of dynamic effects on the foot when touching the ground, which upper layer 9 forms a part of the sole of a shoe 7. In separate regions 16, 17 and 23, 24, 25 the layer 9 contains connecting elements 11, for example as shown in FIG. 3, extending downwards from its surface; in the interest of better comprehensibility these connecting elements 11 are only shown—distorted—in regions 16 and 17. In FIG. 9 b the lower layer 10 of the structure can be seen in top view, and the upper layer 9 fits onto it, and in accordance with this in regions 16′, 17′ and 23′-25′ corresponding to regions 16, 17 and 23-25 it contains cavities 19. Before fitting the layers 9 and 10 together, the sole-surface of the cavities 19 (see plate 21 in FIG. 3) and/or the front plate of the connecting elements 11 (see plate 22 in FIG. 4) is provided with adhesive coating, and in this way secure connection is realised between the layers 9, 10 when they are joined together ensuring at the same time the possibility of the flexible deformation of the connection elements 11. The whole shoe 7 can be seen in FIG. 9 c, and on the sole 4 the parts containing the structure according to the invention for the flexible damping of dynamic effects are shaded. FIG. 9 d is the perspective view of a part of the sole structure containing several connecting elements 11 connecting layers 9 and 10 in a still undeformed condition. In FIG. 9 d the structural parts described above are marked with the reference numbers already used.
  • It must be pointed out that in the regions situated on different parts of he sole structure damping members 8 (FIG. 3) (base cells) suiting the dynamic effects occurring there and the deformation expected there can be used, consequently their dimensions and/or shape and/or material quality, the gap width, and the proportions of the internal space of the connecting element and its cavity, etc. can be different in each region.
  • Below the operation of the damping members of the structure according to the invention is described on the basis of FIG. 3, where it can be seen that—as in the case of all similar damping members—the internal space of the connecting element 11 is smaller than or maximum the same size as the internal space of the cavity 19. It can be seen clearly on the basis of FIG. 3 and the flexibility difference described above in connection with it that as a result of a dynamic effect of any direction the upper layer 9 of the sole of the sporting shoe can move even laterally, while it approaches the surface of the lower layer 10 touching the floor—e.g.: ground surface—not moving with respect to it. This lateral and downward movement of the upper layer 9 is ensured by the gap 18 and the gap between the lateral surface of the cavity 19 and the connecting element 11 the size of which gap can be chosen to manipulate the extent of movements. In the first phase of touching the floor softer flexibility is ensured by the fact that the flexible deformability of the material of the connecting element 11 is significantly larger than that of the material of the lower layer 10, which gets hardly deformed, while the connecting element 11 is deformed by dynamic effects to a great extent and is gradually pushed into the cavity 19, while—depending on the direction of the current dynamic effect—the connecting element 11 can be slightly pushed laterally too. During the process of the deformation of the connecting element 11 the a width of the gap 18—air-gap—becomes gradually smaller, finally it gets closed, the upper layer 9 is pressed onto the lower layer 10, and by this the final flexibility of the sole structure reducing dynamic effects depending on the material of these layers is achieved, which is the second phase of generating flexibility.
  • The behaviour of the structure according to the invention is described on the basis of FIGS. 10 a-10 d. In FIG. 10 a the foot wearing a shoe 7 touches the floor 6 in a position with an angular x axis as compared to the z vertical axis, and due to the structure according to the invention the leg 2 remains in this straight position even after hitting the floor, it does not give way. Due to the structure formed by the damping members 8 built in along the gap 18—the same reference numbers are used as above—, as a result of the eccentric forces P, P′ the connecting elements 11 of soft flexibility are pressed in as shown in FIG. 10 b and by this they make movements possible into the cavities 19 allocated to them as shown by the arrows in FIG. 10 b, as well as the lateral movements of the layers 9 and 10 with respect to each other, until the gap 18—air-gap—is closed in the region shown on the right of FIG. 10 a. FIG. 10 b shows an intermediate condition of deformation, in which the lower surface of the upper layer 9 has not yet reached the upper surface of the lower layer 10. While the movements in the sole structure hitting the floor 6 take place as shown by the arrows in FIG. 10 b, the sole surface does not move with respect to the floor 6, as shown by arrows b.
  • FIGS. 10 c and 10 d are schematic geometrical drawings showing only the process of the deformation of the cavity 19 and the connecting element 11 fitting into it caused by dynamic effects p 1 , p indicated by arrows. The first phase of flexible deformation—“soft” deformation—starts in the phase shown in FIG. 10 c, as a result of which the connecting element 11 is gradually pressed into the cavity 19—becomes activated—and in accordance with the direction of the p 1 force it also moves to the right, which also results in the slight movement of the sole layers in space with respect to each other. As shown in FIG. 3, in initial position the connecting element 11 extends out from the cavity 19 at a distance a. When the top of the connecting element 11—that is the upper sole layer not shown here—reaches the level of the opening of the cavity 19, the first phase ends and the second phase of “harder” flexibility independent from the first phase takes place, in the course of which the harder lower and upper layers (FIGS. 3-8) start to operate. So it is obvious that in the first phase the sole structure gets folded even in the case of a small amount of dynamic effect, and it gets softly deformed to a relatively large extent, and in the second phase it ensures the final harder flexibility, the appropriate stability. In this phase there is great dynamic effect and small deformation or movement.
  • The invention has the following favourable effects:
  • The greatest advantage of the invention is that as a result of the operation of the shoe-sole structure described above the foot wearing the shoe behaves like a bare foot when touching the floor, such as ground surface, and in the angle, knee and hip joints are also strained in this way—basically similar to natural straining—, that is the natural bio-mechanical behaviour of the foot wearing the shoe corresponds to the same behaviour of the bare foot, for example in the course of making sporting movements there is a minimal risk of injuries. This circumstance is demonstrated by the comparative curves shown in FIGS. 11 a-11 c showing the behaviour of the sole structure according to the invention as a function of the force (P) and the movement (E). Curve m in FIG. 11 a shows the behaviour of the bare foot, while curve l in FIG. 11 b shows the behaviour of a soft sole based on the theoretical supposition that the complete width of the shoe-sole is made of the material of the connecting elements according to the invention. At the same time curve k in FIG. 11 c shows the behaviour of a sole the complete width of which is made of a hard material. Obviously curve m shows the ideal behaviour of the sole; in the case of curve l the movement is too large even in the case of small dynamic effect, while in the case of curve k there is slight movement even in the case of great dynamic effect. Shoe-soles characterised either by curve l or k do not satisfy requirements expected from sporting shoes. As opposed to this curve tin FIG. 11 d representing the sole structure according to the invention shows that in the first “soft” phase I of flexible deformation there is great movement E even in the case of small dynamic effect suiting the initial section of curve m, while in the second phase II of harder flexibility the extent of movement E becomes much smaller as the force P increases.
  • As a result of dynamic effects during movements the invention ensures two types of alternating flexibility occurring in two phases independently from each other inside the shoe-sole, as well as slight possibilities of movement in space and folding between the sole layers and sole parts similar to that of the bare sole surface, which sole layers and sole parts can ensure different flexibility and ability of movement independently from each other. The sizes and material qualities of all parts of the damping members can be changed, as a result of which the optimal flexibility behaviour and movement ability of a given sole part or sole surface can be ensured, and the most different demands can be satisfied. By changing the width of the gaps the movement of the layers can be influenced as well as the direction and extent of movements. By choosing the right damping members horizontal, diagonal, arched, etc. layers can be joined to each other, and by this a structure, for example shoe-sole structure, can be created in which two—or more—different and independent flexibility conditions occur as a result of dynamic effects, namely softer flexibility with the possibility of large deformation/movement in the first phase and final harder flexibility and appropriate stability in the second phase, because of the compression and layer movement occurring in the first phase, after the air-gaps have been closed. Consequently in the case of sporting shoe soles movements and folds take place as a result of the flexible deformation of the connecting elements, but after the closing of the gap the lower sole part and the floor do not move any more with respect to each other, so the complete shoe-sole reacts to the dynamic effects occurring when touching the ground like the sole edges and sole parts of a bare foot, as a result of which the dynamic effects occurring in the joints of a foot wearing a shoe and the bio-mechanical operation of the joints are very similar to the bio-mechanical operation of the bare foot.
  • Obviously the invention is not restricted to the construction examples of the structure and damping member described above, but it can be realised in several ways within the scope of protection defined by the claims. Although the invention is described above on the basis of a shoe-sole structure, obviously the structure and the damping member can be used to solve all tasks where the damping of dynamic effects is needed. Of all possible fields of use the foundation and construction of machines generating vibrations and oscillations during operation is emphasised, in the case of which these movements can be damped very efficiently by installing the structure according to the invention, but it can also be used in the course of making the foundations of buildings exposed to the risk of earthquakes. In order to solve these tasks obviously layers and connecting elements of the appropriate geometry and the right combination of materials must be chosen taking into consideration the current circumstances and conditions.

Claims (15)

1. Structure, especially shoe-sole structure for the flexible damping of dynamic effects on a body, which structure has layers situated transversally with respect to the direction of the dynamic effect, connected to each other with flexible connecting elements, situated at a distance from each other in an unloaded condition, characterised by that one end of the connecting elements (11) is caught in the cavity (19) created in at least one of the layers (10), and the internal space of the cavity (19) is larger than or the same as that of the connecting element (11) extending into it, and the connecting element (11) is made of a material with a greater ability of flexible deformation than that of the material of the layers (9, 10).
2. Structure as in claim 1, characterised by that the gap (18) between the layers (9, 10) is an air-gap.
3. Structure as in claim 1 or 2, characterised by that the connecting element (11) and/or the cavity (19) accommodating it has the shape of a truncated cone.
4. Structure as in any of claims 1-3, characterised by that the connecting element (11) is solid.
5. Structure as in any of claims 1-3, characterised by that the connecting element (11) is hollow.
6. Structure as in any of claims 1-5, characterised by that—especially in the case of shoe-sole structure—the connecting element (11) starts from an upper layer and extends downwards into a cavity (19) cut into lower layer (10).
7. Structure as in any of claims 1-5, characterised by that both ends of the connecting element (11) fit into a cavity (12; 19) cut into a layer (9, 10), facing each other.
8. Structure as in any of claims 1-5, characterised by that one or more intermediate layers (13; 15) are inserted between an upper layer (9) and a lower layer (19), which intermediate layers (13; 15) are connected to the upper layer (9) and the lower layer (10) with a connecting element (11; 11 a; 11 b) extending into a cavity (19; 12; 14), at a certain distance from them.
9. Structure as in any of claims 1-8, characterised by that the connecting elements (11) are positioned at right angles to the surface of the layers (9, 10) connecting to them or at an angle to them or in a stepped formation.
10. Structure as in any of claims 1-9, characterised by that the layers (9, 10; 13; 15) are parallel to each other.
11. Structure as in any of claims 1-10, characterised by that the surface of the layers (9, 10; 13; 15) and/or connecting elements (11; 11 a; 11 b ) is smooth and/or coarse, and/or grooved and/or wavy and/or arched.
12. Structure as in any of claims 1-11, characterised by that the connecting elements (11; 11 a; 11 b) are attached to the layers (9, 10; 13; 15) connected to them by gluing.
13. Structure as in any of claims 1-12, characterised by that only the end-plate of the connecting elements (11; 11 a; 11 b) fitting into the cavity (19; 12; 13) is fixed to the bottom-plate (21) of the cavity (19; 12; 13).
14. Structure as in any of claims 1-13, characterised by that the materials of the layers (9, 10) connected by the connecting elements (11) that can be flexibly deformed to a smaller extent than above can have different flexibility; for example in the case of shoe-soles the upper layer (9) is made of polyethylene, the connecting element (11) is made of rubber, for example latex, and favourably the lower layer (10) is made of crêpe fabric.
15. Damping member for the flexible damping of dynamic effects on a body, which damping member has a flexibly deformable connecting element situated between practically parallel layers situated at a distance from each other transversally with respect to the direction of the dynamic effect, characterised by that one end of the connecting element (11) is caught in a cavity (19) created at least in one of the layers (10), and the internal space of the cavity (19) is larger than or the same as that of the connecting element (11) extending into it; and the connecting element (11) is made of a material with a greater ability of flexible deformation than that of the material of the layers (9, 10).
US11/632,256 2004-07-12 2005-07-01 Structure for the Flexible Damping of Dynamic Effects on a Body, and a Damping Member Abandoned US20080005928A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
HU0401397A HU0401397D0 (en) 2004-07-12 2004-07-12 Pieced soles with layers movable to one another
HUP0401397 2004-07-12
HUP0500263 2005-03-01
HU0500263A HU226147B1 (en) 2005-03-01 2005-03-01 Structure for smoothening a dynamic effect developed on a body, especially a shoe sole structure, principally for sport shoes
PCT/HU2005/000071 WO2006005973A1 (en) 2004-07-12 2005-07-01 Structure for the flexible damping of dynamic effects on a body, and a damping member

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US9554616B2 (en) * 2011-10-27 2017-01-31 Nike, Inc. Dual-density insole with a molded geometry
US10485291B2 (en) 2011-10-27 2019-11-26 Nike, Inc. Dual-density insole with a molded geometry
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