US20080018576A1 - Display element having groups of individually turned-on steps - Google Patents
Display element having groups of individually turned-on steps Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20080018576A1 US20080018576A1 US11/492,163 US49216306A US2008018576A1 US 20080018576 A1 US20080018576 A1 US 20080018576A1 US 49216306 A US49216306 A US 49216306A US 2008018576 A1 US2008018576 A1 US 2008018576A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- display element
- steps
- display
- group
- individually turned
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
- G09G3/36—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals
- G09G3/3611—Control of matrices with row and column drivers
- G09G3/3622—Control of matrices with row and column drivers using a passive matrix
- G09G3/3629—Control of matrices with row and column drivers using a passive matrix using liquid crystals having memory effects, e.g. ferroelectric liquid crystals
- G09G3/364—Control of matrices with row and column drivers using a passive matrix using liquid crystals having memory effects, e.g. ferroelectric liquid crystals with use of subpixels
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
- G09G3/36—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals
- G09G3/3611—Control of matrices with row and column drivers
- G09G3/3622—Control of matrices with row and column drivers using a passive matrix
- G09G3/3629—Control of matrices with row and column drivers using a passive matrix using liquid crystals having memory effects, e.g. ferroelectric liquid crystals
- G09G3/3637—Control of matrices with row and column drivers using a passive matrix using liquid crystals having memory effects, e.g. ferroelectric liquid crystals with intermediate tones displayed by domain size control
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/133371—Cells with varying thickness of the liquid crystal layer
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1343—Electrodes
- G02F1/134309—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement
- G02F1/134345—Subdivided pixels, e.g. for grey scale or redundancy
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/139—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
- G02F1/1391—Bistable or multi-stable liquid crystal cells
Definitions
- the most common type of display device requires the individual display elements of the display device to be refreshed a number of times per second to maintain the picture being displayed. If power is removed from the display device, then no picture can be displayed on the display device.
- Another type of display device is one that only requires that power be provided to the display device when the picture displayed on the device is modified or changed. Otherwise, a static image remains displayed on the display device substantially indefinitely even in the absence of power to the display device, although power may still be needed for backlighting purposes.
- the latter type of display device includes those implemented using bi-stable display elements.
- Bi-stable display elements have an on state, in which the display element is on and displaying image data, and an off state, in which the display element is off and not displaying image data. Because such bi-stable display elements have just two states, a number of independently addressable elements may be needed to implement a single pixel of a display device. For instance, to implement a single color of a pixel having three bits, or eight levels, of color depth, three such bi-stable display elements may be needed, since 2 3 bits equals eight levels.
- each pixel includes three colors, red, green, and blue, and each sub-pixel has eight, sixteen, or more tonal levels
- a large number of bi-stable display elements may be needed. This in turn means that a large number of addressable lines have to be connected to the display elements, since each display element is independently addressable.
- the resulting display device may be difficult to cost effectively manufacture, owing to the large number of bi-stable display elements and the large number of addressable lines connected to these elements.
- FIGS. 1A and 1B are diagrams of a front view and a cross-sectional top view, respectively, of a display element having a number of independently turned-on steps, according to an embodiment of the invention.
- FIGS. 2 , 3 , 4 , and 5 are diagrams of a cross-sectional top view of a display element, according to different embodiments of the invention.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram of a cross-sectional top view of a number of display elements, according to an embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram of a display device, according to an embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram of a column of display elements of a display device, according to an embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart of a method, according to an embodiment of the invention.
- FIGS. 1A and 1B show a front view and a cross-sectional top view, respectively, of a display element 100 corresponding to a pixel of a display, according to an embodiment of the invention.
- the display element 100 includes a top electrode 102 and two bottom electrodes 104 A and 104 B, collectively referred to as the bottom electrodes 104 .
- the top electrode 102 is connected to a first addressable line 114 of the display, and the bottom electrodes 104 are correspondingly connected to second addressable lines 116 A and 116 B of the display, collectively referred to as the second addressable lines 116 .
- the display mechanism 106 includes a conductive layer 108 and a liquid crystal layer 110 .
- the conductive layer 108 may be polyethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT), or another type of conductive layer.
- the conductive layer 108 is patterned such that the conductive layer 108 A is connected to the electrode 104 A and the conductive layer 108 B is connected to the electrode 104 B.
- the liquid crystal layer 110 may be a post aligned bi-stable nematic (PABN) liquid crystal layer, or another type of liquid crystal layer.
- PABN post aligned bi-stable nematic
- the display element 100 is bi-stable, in that once it has been turned on by applying a first voltage between the electrodes 102 and 104 A and/or a second voltage between the electrodes 102 and 104 B, the element 100 remains in its current state, until it is turned off. That is, voltages do not have to be continually applied between the electrodes 102 and 104 A and the electrodes 102 and 104 B for the element 100 to remain in its current state, once the element 100 has been switched to that state. Stated another way and most generally, the display element 100 remains in its current state until one or more voltages are applied to change the state of the display element 100 .
- the display mechanism 106 has a number of individually turned-on steps 112 A, 112 B, and 112 C, collectively referred to as the individually turned-on steps 112 , and a number of individually turned-on steps 113 A, 113 B, and 113 C, collectively referred to as the individually turned-on steps 113 .
- the steps 112 and 113 are organized into two groups of steps: a first group corresponding to the steps 112 , and a second group corresponding to the steps 113 . While there are three such steps 112 and three such steps 113 in the example of FIGS. 1A and 1B , in other embodiments there may be more or less of the steps 112 and of the steps 113 . Furthermore, while there are two groups of steps in the example of FIGS. 1A and 1B , in other embodiments there may be more than two groups.
- the group of steps 112 corresponds to the bottom electrode 104 A, and to a first sub-display element 118 A to the left of the dotted line 120 .
- the group of steps 113 corresponds to the bottom electrode 104 B, and to a second sub-display element 118 B to the right of the dotted line 120 .
- the number of groups of steps corresponds to the number of the bottom electrodes 104 .
- the top electrode 102 is shared by all the groups of steps. While there are two sub-display elements 118 A and 118 B depicted in the example of FIGS. 1A and 1B , in other embodiments there may be more than two sub-display elements.
- the steps 112 and 113 can further correspond to different pillars or other types of structures within the display mechanism 106 . That is, the terminology step as used herein is used in a broad, encompassing sense. As such, this terminology encompasses different types of structures that can be implemented within the display mechanism 106 , such as pillars.
- the steps 112 and 113 are individually turned on in that each of the steps 112 and 113 may be turned on, and display image data, while the other of the steps 112 and 113 remain off.
- each of the steps 112 and 113 corresponds to a different area of the display mechanism 106 .
- the individually turned-on steps 112 and 113 are defined by varying the heights of the layers 108 and 110 , from top to bottom in FIG. 1A , along the width of the display element 100 , from left to right in both FIGS. 1A and 1B .
- the steps 112 and 113 may have the same or different widths from left to right in FIGS. 1A and 1B .
- the smaller the gap between a given step of the conductive steps 112 and 113 and the opposing electrode 102 the lower the required voltage to turn on that step.
- the steps 112 A, 112 B, and 112 C have positive turn-on voltage thresholds PV 1 A, PV 1 B, and PV 1 C, respectively, where PV 1 A>PV 1 B>PV 1 C. Therefore, a given applied positive voltage PV 1 between the electrodes 102 and 104 A turns on all the steps 112 having positive turn-on voltage thresholds equal to or less than the positive voltage PV 1 .
- the steps 113 A, 113 B, and 113 C have positive turn-on voltage thresholds PV 2 A, PV 2 B, and PV 2 C, respectively, where PV 2 A>PV 2 B>PV 2 C.
- a given applied positive voltage PV 2 between the electrodes 102 and 104 B turns on all the steps 113 having positive turn-on voltage thresholds equal to or less than the positive voltage PV 2 .
- the steps 112 A, 112 B, and 112 C have negative turn-off voltage thresholds NV 1 A, NV 1 B, and NV 1 C, respectively, where
- the steps 113 A, 113 B, and 113 C have negative turn-off voltage thresholds NV 2 A, NV 2 B, and NV 2 C, respectively, where
- a given applied negative voltage NV 2 between the electrodes 102 and 104 B turns off all the steps having negative turn-off voltage thresholds having absolute magnitudes equal to or less than the absolute magnitude of the negative voltage NV 2 .
- the steps 112 and 113 are turned on in a desired combination.
- a positive voltage is applied that is equal to or greater than the step of this sub-display element having the highest positive turn-on voltage threshold that is to be turned on.
- This positive voltage turns on all the steps of this sub-display element having positive turn-on voltage thresholds less than the positive voltage applied.
- a negative voltage is applied that is equal to or less than the step of the sub-display element having the lowest, most negative turn-off voltage threshold that has been turned on but should be turned off.
- a negative-voltage is applied that has an absolute magnitude that is greater than or equal to the step of the sub-display element having a turn-off voltage threshold that has the highest absolute magnitude and that has been turned on but should be turned off.
- This negative voltage turns off all the steps of the sub-display element having negative turn-off voltage thresholds having absolute magnitudes less than the absolute magnitude of the negative voltage applied.
- the process is then repeated for the step having the next-highest positive turn-on voltage threshold that is to be turned on, the next-lowest negative turn-off voltage threshold (i.e., the negative turn-off voltage having the next-highest absolute magnitude) that is to be turned off, and so on, until the steps of the sub-display element have been turned on in the desired combination.
- the process is then repeated for each other sub-display element, so that the desired step or steps of each other sub-display element are turned on. Therefore, in the example of FIGS. 1A and 1B , the process can be first performed for the sub-display element 118 A, and then performed for the sub-display element 118 B, or vice-versa.
- the steps 112 A and 112 C of the sub-display element 118 A are to be turned on, and the step 112 B of the sub-display element 118 A and all the steps 113 of the sub-display element 118 B are to remain off.
- a positive voltage is applied between the electrodes 102 and 104 A that is equal to or greater than PV 1 A, the positive turn-on voltage threshold for the step 112 A. This turns on all the steps 112 .
- a negative voltage is applied between the electrodes 102 and 104 A that is equal to or less than NV 1 B, the negative turn-off voltage threshold for the step 112 B, but greater than NV 1 A, the negative turn-off voltage threshold for-the step 112 A.
- the step 112 C is also to be turned on. Therefore, another positive voltage between the electrodes 102 and 104 A is applied, which is equal to or greater than PV 1 C, the positive turn-on voltage threshold for the step 112 C, but is less than PV 1 B, the positive turn-on voltage threshold for the step 112 B. This turns on the step 112 C. Because none of the steps 113 of the sub-display element 118 B have to be turned on, no voltages need to be applied between the electrodes 102 and 104 B.
- a display element were to have six steps that were not divided over two sub-display elements, a lesser margin would be afforded in the turn-on and turn-off voltage threshold differences among the steps. For the same given range of allowable voltage thresholds, six different voltage thresholds would have to be selected for the six steps. Therefore, higher precision would be needed in manufacturing the display element, which can result in reduced yield and lesser design margin. By comparison, dividing the six steps into two groups of three steps each means that less precision would be needed in manufacturing the display element, which can result in increased yield due to greater design margin. Other design advantages include enabling large display sizes or integration of addressing electronics.
- the range of allowable voltage thresholds may be from V 1 to V 2 , where V 2 minus V 1 is equal to Vrange.
- V 2 minus V 1 is equal to Vrange.
- Vrange 2 - Vrange 5 Vrange 5 Vrange 2 .
- the spacing between voltage thresholds of adjacent steps is thus increased by 150%. Increasing the spacing between voltage thresholds of adjacent steps means that less precision is needed in manufacturing the steps of the display element as well as the associated drive electronics used to address the display element, thus resulting in increased yield.
- FIGS. 1A and 1B show an example in which the display element 100 has a left side and a right side.
- the groups of the steps 112 and 113 , as well as the bottom electrodes 104 are organized contiguously from the left side to the right side of the display element 100 .
- all of the steps 112 of one group, and the electrode 104 A are to the left of the dotted line 120
- all of the steps 113 of another group, and the electrode 104 B are to the right of the dotted line 120 .
- FIG. 2 shows a top view of the display element 100 in which the groups of steps 112 and 113 and the electrodes 104 are non-contiguously organized from the left side to the right side of the display element 100 , according to a different embodiment of the invention.
- the steps 112 C and 113 C are divided, as are the electrodes 104 A and 104 B.
- the complete steps 112 A and 112 B of the group of steps 112 are situated, followed by a first part of the step 112 C of this same group of steps.
- the complete steps 113 A and 113 B of the group of steps 113 are situated, followed by the second part of the step 112 C of the group of steps 112 .
- the second part of the step 113 C of the group of steps 113 is situated.
- the parts of the electrode 104 A are electrically connected to one another, which is diagrammatically illustrated in FIG. 2 as a wire 202 A for illustrative convenience
- the parts of the electrode 104 B are electrically connected to one another, which is diagrammatically illustrated in FIG. 2 as a wire 202 B for illustrative convenience.
- Organizing the groups of steps 112 and 113 non-contiguously from the left side to the right side of the display element 100 can be advantageous. In particular, it ensures that there are not large lit or non-lit regions of the display element 100 , reducing the likelihood of generating observable patterns in the displayed image. For instance, where just the step 112 C is lit, having the step 112 C divided into two non-contiguous parts ensures that no large non-lit region of the display element 100 exists.
- the groups of steps 112 and 113 can be arranged non-contiguous from the left side to the right side of the display element 100 in other ways than is shown in FIG. 2 .
- non-contiguous arrangement or organization is achieved by splitting one step of each group, namely the steps 112 C and 113 C, in non-contiguous fashion.
- none of the steps 112 and 113 may be divided or split.
- the steps 112 and 113 may be organized from left to right as follows: complete steps 112 A, 112 B, 113 A, 112 C, 113 B, and 113 C.
- steps 112 A and 112 B are non-contiguous with the step 112 C of the same group of steps 112
- steps 113 B and 113 C are non-contiguous with the step 113 A of the same group of steps 113 .
- FIGS. 1A , 1 B, and 2 have the groups of the steps 112 and 113 organized such that each step extends completely from the top side to the bottom side of the display element 100 .
- each step extends completely from the top side to the bottom side of the display element 100 .
- all of the steps 112 and 113 extend completely from the top to the bottom of the display element 100 , even though the steps 112 C and 113 C are divided from the left side to the right side of the display element 100 .
- other embodiments of the invention are not so limited.
- FIG. 3 shows a top view of the display element 100 in which none of the steps 112 and 113 extend completely from the top side to the bottom side of the display element 100 , according to a different embodiment of the invention.
- the step 112 A is located within the interior of the sub-display element 118 A to the left of the dotted line 120 .
- the step 112 B is divided into two parts, each of which has a top side flush with the top side of the step 112 A and a bottom side flush with the bottom side of the step 112 A.
- the step 112 C is also divided into two parts, each of which extend from the left side of the sub-display element 118 A to the right side of the sub-display element 118 A.
- the step 113 A is located within the interior of the sub-display element 118 B to the right of the dotted line 120 .
- the step 113 B surrounds the step 113 A, and indeed shares a common center with the step 113 A.
- the step 113 C is divided into two parts, of which extend from the left side of the sub-display element 118 B to the right side of the sub-display element 118 B. Neither of the electrodes 104 is divided in the example of FIG. 3 .
- the steps 112 A, 112 B, and 112 C can each further be sub-divided into many non-contiguous areas distributed throughout the entire area occupied by the steps 112 A, 112 B, and 112 C, to further distribute lit and non-lit areas.
- the ratio of the area of each of the steps 112 A, 112 B, and 112 C to the total area occupied by all the steps 112 A, 112 B, and 112 C may be unequal to optimally match the lightness response of the human visual system.
- FIGS. 1A , 1 B, 2 , and 3 substantially have the groups of the steps 112 and 113 having equally sized areas, such that the electrodes 104 substantially have equally sized areas.
- the area occupied by the group of steps 112 is substantially equal to the area occupied by the group of steps 113 .
- the area occupied by the electrode 104 A is substantially equally to the area occupied by the electrode 104 B.
- other embodiments are not so limited.
- FIG. 4 shows a top view of the display element 100 in which the groups of steps 112 and 113 have unequal areas and the electrodes 104 have unequal areas, according to a different embodiment of the invention.
- the group of steps 112 of which the individual steps 112 A, 112 B, and 112 C are not particularly shown, has a larger area than the group of steps 113 , of which the individual steps 113 A, 113 B, and 113 C are not particularly shown, does.
- the electrode 104 A has a larger area than the electrode 104 B does.
- FIGS. 1A , 1 B, 2 , 3 , and 4 substantially have the groups of the steps 112 and 113 having a rectangular shape from the top view, such that the electrodes 104 likewise have a rectangular shape from the top view.
- the shape of the group of steps 112 is rectangular, and the corresponding electrode 104 A is rectangular.
- the shape of the group of steps 113 is rectangular, and the corresponding electrode 104 B is rectangular.
- other embodiments are not so limited.
- FIG. 5 shows a top view of the display element 100 in which the groups of steps 112 and 113 have non-rectangular shapes and the electrodes 104 likewise have non-rectangular shapes, according to a different embodiment of the invention.
- the groups of steps 112 and 113 both have non-rectangular shapes.
- the electrodes 104 likewise correspondingly have non-rectangular shapes that effectively mirror the shapes of their corresponding groups of steps 112 and 113 .
- each of the individually turned-on steps of all the groups of steps of a display element corresponds to a single color of a pixel of a display.
- the steps of all the groups of the display element may correspond to the color red of the pixel, the color green of the pixel, or the color blue of the pixel.
- the steps provide for multiple tone levels of the display element for this color of the pixel.
- the steps provide for 2 N tonal levels for the color of the pixel to which the display element corresponds. That is, the display element can realize a desired grayscale value in question by, for each group of the individually turned-on steps, applying an appropriate voltage between the top electrode and the bottom electrode to which the group of steps corresponds.
- the individually turned-on steps of a display element may be divided into groups, where each group is connected to its own bottom electrode and corresponds to a different color of a pixel of a display to which the display element itself corresponds.
- the steps of the display element may be grouped into three groups: a red group corresponding to the color red of the pixel and connected to a first bottom electrode, a green group corresponding to the color green of the pixel and connected to a second bottom electrode, and a blue group corresponding to the color blue of the pixel and connected to a third bottom electrode.
- the steps provide for multiple levels of contrast depth of the display element for each of the three colors of the pixel.
- the steps provide for 2 R levels of contrast depth for red, 2 G levels of contrast depth for green, and 2 B levels of contrast depth for blue of the pixel to which the display element corresponds.
- FIG. 6 shows a top view of two display elements 602 A and 602 B, according to an embodiment of the invention.
- the display elements 602 A and 602 B are collectively referred to as the display elements 602 .
- the display element 602 A is connected to the first addressable line 612 A, whereas the display element 602 B is connected to the first addressable line 612 B.
- Both of the display elements 602 are connected to both second addressable lines 614 A and 614 B.
- the display element 602 A has a red group of steps 604 and a blue group of steps 606 , where the former group 604 is connected to the second addressable line 614 A and the latter group of steps 606 is connected to the second addressable line 614 B. Both groups of steps 604 and 606 of the display element 602 A are connected to the first addressable line 612 A. The electrodes of the display element 602 A are not shown.
- the red group of steps 604 corresponds to a first sub-display element of the display element 602 A
- the blue group of steps 606 corresponds to a second sub-display element of the display element 602 A.
- the display element 602 B has two green groups of steps 608 and 610 .
- the group of steps 608 is connected to the second addressable line 614 A and the group of steps 610 is connected to the second addressable line 614 B, where both groups of steps 608 and 610 are connected to the first addressable line 612 B.
- the electrodes of the display element 602 B are not shown.
- the group of steps 608 corresponds to a first sub-display element of the display element 602 B
- the group of steps 610 corresponds to a second sub-display element of the display element 602 B.
- each of the groups of steps 604 , 606 , 608 , and 610 has three steps, there can be at most 2 3 , or eight, shades of red, 2 3 , or eight, shades of blue, and 2 6 , or 64 shades of green.
- a display element is thus defined in the example of FIG. 6 as having a number of different groups of steps, where each group is connected to a different second addressable line as compared to the other groups of steps of this display element.
- a display element is also defined in the example of FIG. 6 as connected to one and only one first addressable line, which is connected to all the groups of steps of the display element.
- the display element 602 A is responsible for displaying the red and blue color components of the pixel
- the display element 602 B is responsible for displaying the green color component of the pixel.
- FIG. 7 shows a representative display device 700 , according to an embodiment of the invention.
- the display device 700 includes a number of display elements 702 A, 702 B, . . . , 702 N, collectively referred to as the display elements 702 , and which correspond to the pixels of the display device 700 .
- Each display element may correspond to a different pixel, or groups of two or more display elements may correspond to the same pixel, as in the example of FIG. 6 that has been described.
- the display elements 702 are organized in rows 704 A, 704 B, . . . , 704 J, collectively referred to as the rows 704 , and columns 706 A, 706 B, . . . , 706 K, collectively referred to as the columns 706 .
- Each of the display elements 702 can be implemented as the display element 100 as has been described.
- the display elements 702 can be bi-stable display elements, such that they retain their current states being displayed even if power is removed from the elements 702 . Thus, power is needed only to change the states of the display elements 702 , and not to retain the states of the display element 702 .
- the display device 700 also includes first addressable lines 708 A, 708 B, . . . , 708 J, collectively referred to as the addressable lines 708 and corresponding to the rows 704 into which the display elements 702 are organized.
- the display device 700 further includes second addressable line groups 710 A, 710 B, . . . , 710 K, collectively referred to as the second addressable line groups 710 and corresponding to the columns 706 into which the display elements 702 are organized.
- Each second addressable line group includes at least two second addressable lines.
- each display element of the display device 700 is connected to a first addressable line, and at least two second addressable lines.
- the display device 700 can and typically will include other components, in addition to the display elements 702 , the addressable lines 708 and the addressable line groups 710 , as can be appreciated by those of ordinary skill within the art.
- the first addressable lines 708 are connected to all of the display elements 702 within their respective rows 704 .
- the first addressable line 708 A is connected to all of the display elements 702 within the row 704 A
- the first addressable line 708 B is connected to all of the display elements 702 within the row 704 B
- the second addressable line groups 710 are connected to all of the display elements within their respective columns 706 .
- the second addressable lines of the second addressable line group 710 A are connected to all of the display elements 702 within the column 706 A
- the second addressable lines of the second addressable line group 710 B are connected to all of the display elements 702 within the column 706 B, and so on.
- each of the display elements 702 is addressable by a unique pair of a first addressable line and a second addressable line group, including one of the addressable lines 708 and all the second addressable lines of one of the second addressable line groups 710 . That is, no two display elements are connected to both the same one of the addressable lines 708 and the same one of the addressable line groups 710 .
- To change the state of a given display element positive and/or negative voltages are applied between the first addressable line and at least one of the second addressable lines to which the display element in question is connected. This process is performed for each of the display elements 702 , to change the states of all of the display elements 702 .
- all the display elements 702 are instances of the same display element.
- all of the display elements 702 may be instances of the same display element 100 , as in FIG. 4 , where the left side of each display element is occupied by a first group of steps 112 that is larger in area than the right side of the display element as occupied by a second group of steps 113 .
- other embodiments of the invention are not so limited.
- FIG. 8 shows the column 706 A of the display device 700 of FIG. 7 in more detail, according to a particular embodiment of the invention.
- Those of the display elements 702 of the display device 700 of FIG. 7 residing within the column 706 A are referenced as display elements 802 A, 802 B, 802 C, . . . , 802 J, for descriptive convenience, and collectively referred to as the display elements 802 .
- the display elements 802 reside in different instances of the rows 704 as shown.
- the display elements 802 correspondingly have first groups of steps 804 A, 804 B, 804 C, . . .
- first groups of steps 804 collectively referred to as the first groups of steps 804
- second groups of steps 806 A, 806 B, 806 C, . . . , 806 J collectively referred to as the second groups of steps 806 .
- the first groups of steps 804 are larger in area than the second groups of steps 806 .
- not all the display elements 802 are instances of the exact same display element. Rather, the display elements 802 within the column 706 A alternate by row as to being instances of two different display elements.
- the display elements 802 within even-numbered rows have their corresponding first groups of steps 804 , such as the first group of steps 804 B, to the right side, and their corresponding second groups of steps 806 , such as the second group of steps 806 B, to the right side.
- FIG. 9 shows a rudimentary method 900 , according to an embodiment of the invention.
- the method 900 is performed for each display element of a display device that corresponds to a pixel of the display device.
- the display element in question is connected to a unique pair of a first addressable line and more than one second addressable line of the display device ( 904 ), such as has been described in relation to FIG. 7 .
- the display element is provided with a number of individually turned-on steps as desired ( 906 ), as has been described above. That is, the steps are organized into a number of groups corresponding to the number of second addressable lines to which the display element is connected.
- Embodiments of the invention thus provide for advantages over other approaches to achieve multiple-bit contrast depth display elements (i.e., display elements with multiple levels of contrast), particularly to achieve multiple-bit contrast depth bi-stable display elements.
- a given bi-stable display element has just two states, on and off.
- a number of such display elements may need to be used to correspond to a given pixel or a given pixel color.
- these display elements each is addressable by a unique pair of addressable lines of the display device, the resulting number of addressable lines needed can be quite large, resulting in a cost-prohibitive display device design.
- embodiments of the invention provide for a bi-stable display element that has more than two states. Multiple-bit contrast depth can then be achieved by using a single display element. All of the states of such a display element are controlled by the same unique pair of a first addressable line and more than one second addressable line of the display device connected to this display element. As a result, as compared to the prior art, less addressable lines are needed to achieve the same multiple-bit contrast depth, which renders the resulting display device design more cost effective.
Abstract
A display element corresponds to a pixel of a display. The display element includes a first electrode connected to a first addressable line of the display, and a number of second electrodes, each of which is connected to a corresponding second addressable line of the display. The display element includes a display mechanism situated between the first and the second electrodes, and which has a number of individually turned-on steps organized into a number of groups corresponding to the number of second electrodes. For each group of the individually turned-on steps, each step of the group has a turn-on voltage threshold at which the step is turned on upon a voltage applied between the first electrode and the second electrode to which the group corresponds that is equal to or greater than the turn-on voltage threshold.
Description
- The most common type of display device requires the individual display elements of the display device to be refreshed a number of times per second to maintain the picture being displayed. If power is removed from the display device, then no picture can be displayed on the display device. Another type of display device is one that only requires that power be provided to the display device when the picture displayed on the device is modified or changed. Otherwise, a static image remains displayed on the display device substantially indefinitely even in the absence of power to the display device, although power may still be needed for backlighting purposes.
- The latter type of display device includes those implemented using bi-stable display elements. Bi-stable display elements have an on state, in which the display element is on and displaying image data, and an off state, in which the display element is off and not displaying image data. Because such bi-stable display elements have just two states, a number of independently addressable elements may be needed to implement a single pixel of a display device. For instance, to implement a single color of a pixel having three bits, or eight levels, of color depth, three such bi-stable display elements may be needed, since 23 bits equals eight levels.
- To realize a display device using such bi-stable display elements in which each pixel includes three colors, red, green, and blue, and each sub-pixel has eight, sixteen, or more tonal levels, a large number of bi-stable display elements may be needed. This in turn means that a large number of addressable lines have to be connected to the display elements, since each display element is independently addressable. The resulting display device, however, may be difficult to cost effectively manufacture, owing to the large number of bi-stable display elements and the large number of addressable lines connected to these elements.
-
FIGS. 1A and 1B are diagrams of a front view and a cross-sectional top view, respectively, of a display element having a number of independently turned-on steps, according to an embodiment of the invention. -
FIGS. 2 , 3, 4, and 5 are diagrams of a cross-sectional top view of a display element, according to different embodiments of the invention. -
FIG. 6 is a diagram of a cross-sectional top view of a number of display elements, according to an embodiment of the invention. -
FIG. 7 is a diagram of a display device, according to an embodiment of the invention. -
FIG. 8 is a diagram of a column of display elements of a display device, according to an embodiment of the invention. -
FIG. 9 is a flowchart of a method, according to an embodiment of the invention. -
FIGS. 1A and 1B show a front view and a cross-sectional top view, respectively, of adisplay element 100 corresponding to a pixel of a display, according to an embodiment of the invention. Thedisplay element 100 includes atop electrode 102 and twobottom electrodes top electrode 102 is connected to a firstaddressable line 114 of the display, and the bottom electrodes 104 are correspondingly connected to secondaddressable lines - Between the
electrodes 102 and 104 is adisplay mechanism 106. In the embodiment ofFIGS. 1A and 1B , thedisplay mechanism 106 includes aconductive layer 108 and aliquid crystal layer 110. Theconductive layer 108 may be polyethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT), or another type of conductive layer. Theconductive layer 108 is patterned such that theconductive layer 108A is connected to theelectrode 104A and theconductive layer 108B is connected to theelectrode 104B. Theliquid crystal layer 110 may be a post aligned bi-stable nematic (PABN) liquid crystal layer, or another type of liquid crystal layer. Thedisplay element 100 is bi-stable, in that once it has been turned on by applying a first voltage between theelectrodes electrodes element 100 remains in its current state, until it is turned off. That is, voltages do not have to be continually applied between theelectrodes electrodes element 100 to remain in its current state, once theelement 100 has been switched to that state. Stated another way and most generally, thedisplay element 100 remains in its current state until one or more voltages are applied to change the state of thedisplay element 100. - The
display mechanism 106 has a number of individually turned-onsteps steps 112, and a number of individually turned-onsteps steps 113. Thesteps steps 112, and a second group corresponding to thesteps 113. While there are threesuch steps 112 and threesuch steps 113 in the example ofFIGS. 1A and 1B , in other embodiments there may be more or less of thesteps 112 and of thesteps 113. Furthermore, while there are two groups of steps in the example ofFIGS. 1A and 1B , in other embodiments there may be more than two groups. - The group of
steps 112 corresponds to thebottom electrode 104A, and to afirst sub-display element 118A to the left of thedotted line 120. The group ofsteps 113 corresponds to thebottom electrode 104B, and to asecond sub-display element 118B to the right of thedotted line 120. The number of groups of steps corresponds to the number of the bottom electrodes 104. Thetop electrode 102 is shared by all the groups of steps. While there are twosub-display elements FIGS. 1A and 1B , in other embodiments there may be more than two sub-display elements. - The
steps display mechanism 106. That is, the terminology step as used herein is used in a broad, encompassing sense. As such, this terminology encompasses different types of structures that can be implemented within thedisplay mechanism 106, such as pillars. - The
steps steps steps FIG. 1B in particular, each of thesteps display mechanism 106. - The individually turned-on
steps layers FIG. 1A , along the width of thedisplay element 100, from left to right in bothFIGS. 1A and 1B . Thesteps FIGS. 1A and 1B . The smaller the gap between a given step of theconductive steps opposing electrode 102, the lower the required voltage to turn on that step. - Thus, the
steps electrodes steps 112 having positive turn-on voltage thresholds equal to or less than the positive voltage PV1. Likewise, thesteps electrodes steps 113 having positive turn-on voltage thresholds equal to or less than the positive voltage PV2. - Furthermore, the larger the gap between a given step of the
conductive steps opposing electrode 102 inFIG. 1A , the greater the magnitude of the negative voltage that is needed to be applied to turn off that step. Thus, thesteps electrodes - Likewise, the
steps electrodes - In general, the
steps - This process is then repeated for the step having the next-highest positive turn-on voltage threshold that is to be turned on, the next-lowest negative turn-off voltage threshold (i.e., the negative turn-off voltage having the next-highest absolute magnitude) that is to be turned off, and so on, until the steps of the sub-display element have been turned on in the desired combination. The process is then repeated for each other sub-display element, so that the desired step or steps of each other sub-display element are turned on. Therefore, in the example of
FIGS. 1A and 1B , the process can be first performed for thesub-display element 118A, and then performed for thesub-display element 118B, or vice-versa. - For example, consider the situation where the
steps sub-display element 118A are to be turned on, and thestep 112B of thesub-display element 118A and all thesteps 113 of thesub-display element 118B are to remain off. A positive voltage is applied between theelectrodes step 112A. This turns on all thesteps 112. Next, a negative voltage is applied between theelectrodes step 112B, but greater than NV1A, the negative turn-off voltage threshold for-thestep 112A. (That is, the negative voltage has an absolute magnitude that is equal to or greater than the absolute magnitude of NV1B, but that is less than the absolute magnitude of NV1A.) This turns off thesteps step 112A remains on. - However, the
step 112C is also to be turned on. Therefore, another positive voltage between theelectrodes step 112C, but is less than PV1B, the positive turn-on voltage threshold for thestep 112B. This turns on thestep 112C. Because none of thesteps 113 of thesub-display element 118B have to be turned on, no voltages need to be applied between theelectrodes - There are advantages of having a
display element 100 having individually turned-onsteps - For example, consider the case where the
display element 100 has sixsteps FIGS. 1A and 1B . In the embodiment ofFIGS. 1A and 1B , where these steps are divided over two sub-display elements, a greater margin is allowed in the turn-on and turn-off voltage threshold differences among thesteps 112, and in the voltage threshold differences among thesteps 113. The voltage thresholds of thesteps 112 are independent of the voltage threshold of thesteps 113, and indeed, the voltage thresholds for thesteps 112 can correspondingly equate to those for thesteps 113. Thus, there is greater separation among the voltage thresholds for thesteps 112 and among the voltage thresholds for thesteps 113, since for a given range of allowable voltage thresholds, just three different voltage thresholds have to be selected in the example ofFIGS. 1A and 1B for each group ofsteps - If a display element were to have six steps that were not divided over two sub-display elements, a lesser margin would be afforded in the turn-on and turn-off voltage threshold differences among the steps. For the same given range of allowable voltage thresholds, six different voltage thresholds would have to be selected for the six steps. Therefore, higher precision would be needed in manufacturing the display element, which can result in reduced yield and lesser design margin. By comparison, dividing the six steps into two groups of three steps each means that less precision would be needed in manufacturing the display element, which can result in increased yield due to greater design margin. Other design advantages include enabling large display sizes or integration of addressing electronics.
- For example, the range of allowable voltage thresholds may be from V1 to V2, where V2 minus V1 is equal to Vrange. As such, if a display element were to have six steps that were not divided over two or more sub-display elements, and assuming the simple case where the voltage thresholds for the steps are equidistant from one another, then the voltage threshold of each step would be separated by a voltage of Vrange divided by five from the voltage thresholds of the adjacent steps. By comparison, the
display element 100 ofFIGS. 1A and 1B , where the six steps are divided over two sub-display elements, then the voltage threshold of each step of each group is separated by a voltage of Vrange divided by two from the voltage thresholds of the adjacent steps in that group. - Therefore, in this example, dividing the six steps of a display element into two groups and two sub-display elements increases the spacing between voltage thresholds of adjacent steps by
-
- The spacing between voltage thresholds of adjacent steps is thus increased by 150%. Increasing the spacing between voltage thresholds of adjacent steps means that less precision is needed in manufacturing the steps of the display element as well as the associated drive electronics used to address the display element, thus resulting in increased yield.
- The manner by which the individually turned-on steps of the groups of the display element are realized is not limited by embodiments of the invention. For instance,
FIGS. 1A and 1B show an example in which thedisplay element 100 has a left side and a right side. The groups of thesteps display element 100. Thus, all of thesteps 112 of one group, and theelectrode 104A, are to the left of the dottedline 120, whereas all of thesteps 113 of another group, and theelectrode 104B, are to the right of the dottedline 120. -
FIG. 2 shows a top view of thedisplay element 100 in which the groups ofsteps display element 100, according to a different embodiment of the invention. In particular, thesteps electrodes complete steps steps 112 are situated, followed by a first part of thestep 112C of this same group of steps. Thereafter, thecomplete steps steps 113 are situated, followed by the second part of thestep 112C of the group ofsteps 112. Finally, the second part of thestep 113C of the group ofsteps 113 is situated. - Even though the electrodes 104 are divided, the parts of the
electrode 104A are electrically connected to one another, which is diagrammatically illustrated inFIG. 2 as awire 202A for illustrative convenience, and the parts of theelectrode 104B are electrically connected to one another, which is diagrammatically illustrated inFIG. 2 as awire 202B for illustrative convenience. Organizing the groups ofsteps display element 100 can be advantageous. In particular, it ensures that there are not large lit or non-lit regions of thedisplay element 100, reducing the likelihood of generating observable patterns in the displayed image. For instance, where just thestep 112C is lit, having thestep 112C divided into two non-contiguous parts ensures that no large non-lit region of thedisplay element 100 exists. - The groups of
steps display element 100 in other ways than is shown inFIG. 2 . InFIG. 2 , non-contiguous arrangement or organization is achieved by splitting one step of each group, namely thesteps steps steps complete steps step 112C of the same group ofsteps 112, and steps 113B and 113C are non-contiguous with thestep 113A of the same group ofsteps 113. - The examples of
FIGS. 1A , 1B, and 2 have the groups of thesteps display element 100. For example, inFIG. 2 , all of thesteps display element 100, even though thesteps display element 100. However, other embodiments of the invention are not so limited. -
FIG. 3 shows a top view of thedisplay element 100 in which none of thesteps display element 100, according to a different embodiment of the invention. Of the group ofsteps 112, thestep 112A is located within the interior of thesub-display element 118A to the left of the dottedline 120. Thestep 112B is divided into two parts, each of which has a top side flush with the top side of thestep 112A and a bottom side flush with the bottom side of thestep 112A. Thestep 112C is also divided into two parts, each of which extend from the left side of thesub-display element 118A to the right side of thesub-display element 118A. - Of the group of
steps 113, thestep 113A is located within the interior of thesub-display element 118B to the right of the dottedline 120. Thestep 113B surrounds thestep 113A, and indeed shares a common center with thestep 113A. Thestep 113C is divided into two parts, of which extend from the left side of thesub-display element 118B to the right side of thesub-display element 118B. Neither of the electrodes 104 is divided in the example ofFIG. 3 . - It is noted that the
steps steps steps steps - The examples of
FIGS. 1A , 1B, 2, and 3 substantially have the groups of thesteps FIG. 3 , the area occupied by the group ofsteps 112 is substantially equal to the area occupied by the group ofsteps 113. As such, the area occupied by theelectrode 104A is substantially equally to the area occupied by theelectrode 104B. However, other embodiments are not so limited. -
FIG. 4 shows a top view of thedisplay element 100 in which the groups ofsteps FIG. 4 , the group ofsteps 112, of which theindividual steps steps 113, of which theindividual steps electrode 104A has a larger area than theelectrode 104B does. - The examples of
FIGS. 1A , 1B, 2, 3, and 4 substantially have the groups of thesteps FIG. 4 , the shape of the group ofsteps 112 is rectangular, and thecorresponding electrode 104A is rectangular. Likewise, the shape of the group ofsteps 113 is rectangular, and thecorresponding electrode 104B is rectangular. However, other embodiments are not so limited. -
FIG. 5 shows a top view of thedisplay element 100 in which the groups ofsteps FIG. 5 , the groups ofsteps steps - In one embodiment, each of the individually turned-on steps of all the groups of steps of a display element corresponds to a single color of a pixel of a display. For instance, the steps of all the groups of the display element may correspond to the color red of the pixel, the color green of the pixel, or the color blue of the pixel. As such, the steps provide for multiple tone levels of the display element for this color of the pixel. For example, where there are N steps, the steps provide for 2N tonal levels for the color of the pixel to which the display element corresponds. That is, the display element can realize a desired grayscale value in question by, for each group of the individually turned-on steps, applying an appropriate voltage between the top electrode and the bottom electrode to which the group of steps corresponds.
- In another embodiment, the individually turned-on steps of a display element may be divided into groups, where each group is connected to its own bottom electrode and corresponds to a different color of a pixel of a display to which the display element itself corresponds. For instance, the steps of the display element may be grouped into three groups: a red group corresponding to the color red of the pixel and connected to a first bottom electrode, a green group corresponding to the color green of the pixel and connected to a second bottom electrode, and a blue group corresponding to the color blue of the pixel and connected to a third bottom electrode. In this way, the steps provide for multiple levels of contrast depth of the display element for each of the three colors of the pixel. For example, where there are R steps in the red group, G steps in the green group, and B steps in the blue group, the steps provide for 2R levels of contrast depth for red, 2G levels of contrast depth for green, and 2B levels of contrast depth for blue of the pixel to which the display element corresponds.
-
FIG. 6 shows a top view of twodisplay elements display elements display element 602A is connected to the firstaddressable line 612A, whereas thedisplay element 602B is connected to the firstaddressable line 612B. Both of the display elements 602 are connected to both secondaddressable lines - The
display element 602A has a red group ofsteps 604 and a blue group ofsteps 606, where theformer group 604 is connected to the secondaddressable line 614A and the latter group ofsteps 606 is connected to the secondaddressable line 614B. Both groups ofsteps display element 602A are connected to the firstaddressable line 612A. The electrodes of thedisplay element 602A are not shown. The red group ofsteps 604 corresponds to a first sub-display element of thedisplay element 602A, and the blue group ofsteps 606 corresponds to a second sub-display element of thedisplay element 602A. Therefore, by appropriately applying a voltage between thelines lines display element 602A, by turning on a different number of thered steps 604 and a different number of theblue steps 606. - The
display element 602B has two green groups ofsteps steps 608 is connected to the secondaddressable line 614A and the group ofsteps 610 is connected to the secondaddressable line 614B, where both groups ofsteps addressable line 612B. The electrodes of thedisplay element 602B are not shown. The group ofsteps 608 corresponds to a first sub-display element of thedisplay element 602B, whereas the group ofsteps 610 corresponds to a second sub-display element of thedisplay element 602B. By appropriately applying a voltage between thelines lines display element 602B, by turning on different of thesteps - For example, where each of the groups of
steps FIG. 6 as having a number of different groups of steps, where each group is connected to a different second addressable line as compared to the other groups of steps of this display element. A display element is also defined in the example ofFIG. 6 as connected to one and only one first addressable line, which is connected to all the groups of steps of the display element. Each of the display elements 602 ofFIG. 6 may correspond to the same pixel of a display, where thedisplay element 602A is responsible for displaying the red and blue color components of the pixel, and thedisplay element 602B is responsible for displaying the green color component of the pixel. An advantage of this approach is a reduction in the number of addressing lines needed. -
FIG. 7 shows arepresentative display device 700, according to an embodiment of the invention. Thedisplay device 700 includes a number ofdisplay elements display device 700. Each display element may correspond to a different pixel, or groups of two or more display elements may correspond to the same pixel, as in the example ofFIG. 6 that has been described. The display elements 702 are organized inrows columns - Each of the display elements 702 can be implemented as the
display element 100 as has been described. The display elements 702 can be bi-stable display elements, such that they retain their current states being displayed even if power is removed from the elements 702. Thus, power is needed only to change the states of the display elements 702, and not to retain the states of the display element 702. - The
display device 700 also includes firstaddressable lines display device 700 further includes secondaddressable line groups display device 700 is connected to a first addressable line, and at least two second addressable lines. Thedisplay device 700 can and typically will include other components, in addition to the display elements 702, the addressable lines 708 and the addressable line groups 710, as can be appreciated by those of ordinary skill within the art. - The first addressable lines 708 are connected to all of the display elements 702 within their respective rows 704. Thus, the first
addressable line 708A is connected to all of the display elements 702 within therow 704A, the firstaddressable line 708B is connected to all of the display elements 702 within therow 704B, and so on. Similarly, the second addressable line groups 710 are connected to all of the display elements within their respective columns 706. Thus, the second addressable lines of the secondaddressable line group 710A are connected to all of the display elements 702 within thecolumn 706A, the second addressable lines of the secondaddressable line group 710B are connected to all of the display elements 702 within thecolumn 706B, and so on. - In this way, each of the display elements 702 is addressable by a unique pair of a first addressable line and a second addressable line group, including one of the addressable lines 708 and all the second addressable lines of one of the second addressable line groups 710. That is, no two display elements are connected to both the same one of the addressable lines 708 and the same one of the addressable line groups 710. To change the state of a given display element, positive and/or negative voltages are applied between the first addressable line and at least one of the second addressable lines to which the display element in question is connected. This process is performed for each of the display elements 702, to change the states of all of the display elements 702.
- In one embodiment, all the display elements 702 are instances of the same display element. For instance, all of the display elements 702 may be instances of the
same display element 100, as inFIG. 4 , where the left side of each display element is occupied by a first group ofsteps 112 that is larger in area than the right side of the display element as occupied by a second group ofsteps 113. However, other embodiments of the invention are not so limited. -
FIG. 8 shows thecolumn 706A of thedisplay device 700 ofFIG. 7 in more detail, according to a particular embodiment of the invention. Those of the display elements 702 of thedisplay device 700 ofFIG. 7 residing within thecolumn 706A are referenced asdisplay elements steps steps - In the embodiment of
FIG. 8 , not all the display elements 802 are instances of the exact same display element. Rather, the display elements 802 within thecolumn 706A alternate by row as to being instances of two different display elements. The display elements 802 within odd-numbered rows, such as thedisplay elements steps steps display element 802B, have their corresponding first groups of steps 804, such as the first group ofsteps 804B, to the right side, and their corresponding second groups of steps 806, such as the second group ofsteps 806B, to the right side. - Thus, within the example of
FIG. 8 , there are two types of display elements, where even-row display elements are of one type, and odd-row display elements are of another type. As such, corresponding groups of steps among the display elements 802 are not inline with one another. That is, all of the groups of steps 804 are not inline with one another, but rather alternate in position. Likewise, all of the groups of steps 806 are not inline with one another, but also rather alternate in position. This implementation can be advantageous, in that it ensures if a large number of display elements are all displaying the same color and/or grayscale value, imaging artifact patterns resulting from each display element being an instance of the same display element type may not be perceptible to the human eye. -
FIG. 9 shows arudimentary method 900, according to an embodiment of the invention. As indicated bypart 902 of themethod 900, themethod 900 is performed for each display element of a display device that corresponds to a pixel of the display device. First, the display element in question is connected to a unique pair of a first addressable line and more than one second addressable line of the display device (904), such as has been described in relation toFIG. 7 . Second, the display element is provided with a number of individually turned-on steps as desired (906), as has been described above. That is, the steps are organized into a number of groups corresponding to the number of second addressable lines to which the display element is connected. - Embodiments of the invention thus provide for advantages over other approaches to achieve multiple-bit contrast depth display elements (i.e., display elements with multiple levels of contrast), particularly to achieve multiple-bit contrast depth bi-stable display elements. Within the prior art, a given bi-stable display element has just two states, on and off. As a result, to achieve multiple-bit contrast depth, a number of such display elements may need to be used to correspond to a given pixel or a given pixel color. However, where these display elements each is addressable by a unique pair of addressable lines of the display device, the resulting number of addressable lines needed can be quite large, resulting in a cost-prohibitive display device design.
- By comparison, embodiments of the invention provide for a bi-stable display element that has more than two states. Multiple-bit contrast depth can then be achieved by using a single display element. All of the states of such a display element are controlled by the same unique pair of a first addressable line and more than one second addressable line of the display device connected to this display element. As a result, as compared to the prior art, less addressable lines are needed to achieve the same multiple-bit contrast depth, which renders the resulting display device design more cost effective.
Claims (18)
1. A display element corresponding to a pixel of a display, comprising:
a first electrode connected to a first addressable line of the display;
a plurality of second electrodes, each second electrode connected to a corresponding second addressable line of the display; and,
a display mechanism situated between the first and the second electrodes, and having a plurality of individually turned-on steps organized into a number of groups corresponding to a number of the second electrodes,
wherein, for each group of the individually turned-on steps, each individually turned-on step of the group has a turn-on voltage threshold at which the step is turned on upon a voltage applied between the first electrode and the second electrode to which the group corresponds equal to or greater than the turn-on voltage threshold,
and wherein each group of the individually turned-on steps corresponds to a different color of the pixel, as one of red, green, and blue.
2. The display element of claim 1 , wherein the display element is to realize a desired grayscale value by, for each group of the individually turned-on steps, applying a voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode to which the group corresponds.
3. The display element of claim 1 , wherein, for each group of the individually turned-on steps, each individually turned-on step of the group has a turn-off voltage threshold at which the step is turned off upon a voltage applied between the first electrode and the second electrode to which the group corresponds equal to or less than the turn-off voltage threshold.
4. The display element of claim 1 , wherein the display element has a left side and a right side, the groups of the individually turned-on steps and the second electrodes organized contiguously from the left side to the right side of the display element.
5. The display element of claim 1 , wherein the display element has a left side and a right side, the groups of the individually turned-on steps and the second electrodes organized non-contiguously from the left side to the right side of the display element.
6. The display element of claim 1 , wherein the display element has a front side and a back side, each individually turned-on step extending from the front side to the back side of the display element.
7. The display element of claim 1 , wherein at least a sub-plurality of the individually turned-on steps are organized such that the individually turned-on steps of the sub-plurality have a common center.
8. The display element of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the groups of the individually turned-on steps is unequal in area as compared to other of the groups of the individually turned-on steps, such that at least one of the second electrodes is unequal in area as compared to other of the second electrodes.
9. The display element of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the second electrodes is non-rectangular in shape.
10. The display element of claim 1 , wherein the display mechanism comprises:
a post aligned bi-stable nematic (PABN) liquid crystal layer; and,
a conductive layer.
11. The display element of claim 1 , wherein the display element is a bi-stable display element.
12. A display device comprising:
a plurality of first addressable lines;
a plurality of second addressable lines;
a plurality of display elements corresponding to a plurality of pixels of the display device, each display element connected to one of the first addressable lines and a sub-plurality of the second addressable lines, such that no two of the display elements are connected to a same one of the first addressable lines and a same sub-plurality of the second addressable lines,
wherein each display element has a plurality of individually turned-on steps organized into a number of groups corresponding to a number of the sub-plurality of the second addressable lines to which the display element is connected,
wherein for each group of the individually turned-on steps of each display element, each individually turned-on step of the group has a turn-on voltage threshold at which the step is turned on upon a voltage applied between the first addressable line and the second addressable line to which the group corresponds equal to or greater than the turn-on voltage threshold,
and wherein each group of the individually turned-on steps corresponds to a different color of the pixel, as one of red, green, and blue.
13. The display device of claim 12 , wherein each display element is to realize a desired grayscale value for each group of the individually turned-on steps of the display element, by applying a voltage between the first addressable line and the second addressable line to which the group corresponds.
14. The display device of claim 12 , wherein, for each group of the individually turned-on steps of each display element, each individually turned-on step of the group has a turn-off voltage threshold at which the step is turned off upon a voltage applied between the first addressable line and the second addressable line to which the group corresponds equal to or less than the turn-off voltage.
15. The display device of claim 12 , wherein the display elements are organized in rows and columns, such that over the columns of the display elements, the groups of the individually turned-on steps of the display elements alternate such that corresponding groups among the display elements are not inline with one another.
16. A method comprising:
for each display element of a plurality of display elements of a display device corresponding to a plurality of pixels of the display element,
connecting the display element to a first addressable line of the display device and a plurality of second addressable lines of the display device, such that no two of the display elements are connected to a same first addressable line and a same plurality of second addressable lines; and,
providing a plurality of individually turned-on steps of the display element organized into a number of groups corresponding to a number of the plurality of second addressable lines to which the display element is connected,
such that for each group of the individually turned-on steps of the display element, each individually turned-on step of the group has a turn-on voltage threshold at which the step is turned on upon a voltage applied between the first addressable line and the second addressable line to which the group corresponds equal to or greater than the turn-on voltage threshold,
wherein each group of the individually turned-on steps corresponds to a different color of the pixel, as one of red, green, and blue.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein each display element is to realize a desired grayscale value by, for each group of the individually turned-on steps of the display element, applying a voltage between the first addressable line and the second addressable line to which the group corresponds.
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein, for each group of the individually turned-on steps of each display element, each individually turned-on step of the group has a turn-off voltage threshold at which the step is turned off upon a voltage applied between the first addressable line and the second addressable line to which the group corresponds equal to or less than the turn-off voltage.
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/492,163 US20080018576A1 (en) | 2006-07-23 | 2006-07-23 | Display element having groups of individually turned-on steps |
TW096125413A TWI409733B (en) | 2006-07-23 | 2007-07-12 | Display element having groups of individually turned-on steps and device |
PCT/US2007/073899 WO2008014177A1 (en) | 2006-07-23 | 2007-07-19 | Display element having groups of individually turned-on steps |
US12/374,977 US8619012B2 (en) | 2006-07-23 | 2007-07-19 | Display element having groups of individually turned-on steps |
EP07813117A EP2050091A1 (en) | 2006-07-23 | 2007-07-19 | Display element having groups of individually turned-on steps |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/492,163 US20080018576A1 (en) | 2006-07-23 | 2006-07-23 | Display element having groups of individually turned-on steps |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12/374,977 Continuation US8619012B2 (en) | 2006-07-23 | 2007-07-19 | Display element having groups of individually turned-on steps |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20080018576A1 true US20080018576A1 (en) | 2008-01-24 |
Family
ID=38700227
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/492,163 Abandoned US20080018576A1 (en) | 2006-07-23 | 2006-07-23 | Display element having groups of individually turned-on steps |
US12/374,977 Expired - Fee Related US8619012B2 (en) | 2006-07-23 | 2007-07-19 | Display element having groups of individually turned-on steps |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12/374,977 Expired - Fee Related US8619012B2 (en) | 2006-07-23 | 2007-07-19 | Display element having groups of individually turned-on steps |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US20080018576A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2050091A1 (en) |
TW (1) | TWI409733B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2008014177A1 (en) |
Citations (22)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4712877A (en) * | 1985-01-18 | 1987-12-15 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Ferroelectric display panel of varying thickness and driving method therefor |
US4796980A (en) * | 1986-04-02 | 1989-01-10 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Ferroelectric liquid crystal optical modulation device with regions within pixels to initiate nucleation and inversion |
US4824218A (en) * | 1986-04-09 | 1989-04-25 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Optical modulation apparatus using ferroelectric liquid crystal and low-resistance portions of column electrodes |
US5136408A (en) * | 1988-06-01 | 1992-08-04 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal apparatus and driving method therefor |
US5552911A (en) * | 1992-10-19 | 1996-09-03 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Color liquid crystal display device having varying cell thickness and varying pixel areas |
US5638195A (en) * | 1993-12-21 | 1997-06-10 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal display device for improved halftone display |
US5747671A (en) * | 1995-10-20 | 1998-05-05 | Ngk Insulators, Ltd. | Axial flow particle sensor |
US5760843A (en) * | 1993-01-19 | 1998-06-02 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Method and apparatus for contrast processing a video signal including brightness level compensation |
US5899550A (en) * | 1996-08-26 | 1999-05-04 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Display device having different arrangements of larger and smaller sub-color pixels |
US6072555A (en) * | 1996-02-01 | 2000-06-06 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Display apparatus capable of gradational display |
US6094187A (en) * | 1996-12-16 | 2000-07-25 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Light modulating devices having grey scale levels using multiple state selection in combination with temporal and/or spatial dithering |
US6094184A (en) * | 1997-04-02 | 2000-07-25 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Driving method and driving circuit for ferroelectric liquid crystal display element |
US6108061A (en) * | 1996-04-17 | 2000-08-22 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal element stabilized by the use of polymer reticulate structure, and manufacturing method thereof |
US6411306B1 (en) * | 1997-11-14 | 2002-06-25 | Eastman Kodak Company | Automatic luminance and contrast adustment for display device |
US20030063054A1 (en) * | 2001-09-28 | 2003-04-03 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Display device and method for driving the same |
US20030080926A1 (en) * | 2001-10-30 | 2003-05-01 | Takashi Morimoto | Plasma display device and driving method thereof |
US6624828B1 (en) * | 1999-02-01 | 2003-09-23 | Microsoft Corporation | Method and apparatus for improving the quality of displayed images through the use of user reference information |
US6801213B2 (en) * | 2000-04-14 | 2004-10-05 | Brillian Corporation | System and method for superframe dithering in a liquid crystal display |
US20050057484A1 (en) * | 2003-09-15 | 2005-03-17 | Diefenbaugh Paul S. | Automatic image luminance control with backlight adjustment |
US20050068332A1 (en) * | 2003-09-29 | 2005-03-31 | Diefenbaugh Paul S. | Dynamic backlight and image adjustment using gamma correction |
US20050238228A1 (en) * | 1999-01-12 | 2005-10-27 | Microsoft Corporation | Filtering image data to obtain samples mapped to pixel sub-components of a display device |
US20060082710A1 (en) * | 2004-10-18 | 2006-04-20 | Kitson Stephen C | Display device with greyscale capability |
Family Cites Families (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2637407B1 (en) * | 1988-09-30 | 1994-02-11 | Commissariat A Energie Atomique | METHOD FOR DISPLAYING GRAY LEVELS ON A FERROELECTRIC LIQUID CRYSTAL SCREEN WITH CHIRAL SMECTIC PHASE |
JPH06102485A (en) * | 1992-09-21 | 1994-04-15 | Canon Inc | Feproelectric liquid crystal display element |
JP2589642B2 (en) | 1993-03-10 | 1997-03-12 | 株式会社アサヒコーポレーション | Molding method of anti-slip sole |
DE69413624T2 (en) * | 1993-07-27 | 1999-05-06 | Sharp Kk | Liquid crystal display device |
US6714212B1 (en) * | 1993-10-05 | 2004-03-30 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Display apparatus |
US5644415A (en) * | 1993-12-20 | 1997-07-01 | Casio Computer Co., Ltd. | Liquid crystal display device having wide field angle |
AUPM440994A0 (en) * | 1994-03-11 | 1994-04-14 | Canon Information Systems Research Australia Pty Ltd | A luminance weighted discrete level display |
GB2325556B (en) * | 1997-05-20 | 2001-05-23 | Sharp Kk | Light modulating devices |
US6094178A (en) | 1997-11-14 | 2000-07-25 | Ericsson, Inc. | Dual mode quadrifilar helix antenna and associated methods of operation |
JP3685383B2 (en) * | 2000-04-27 | 2005-08-17 | 日本ビクター株式会社 | Reflective liquid crystal display element |
US7425970B1 (en) | 2000-11-08 | 2008-09-16 | Palm, Inc. | Controllable pixel border for a negative mode passive matrix display device |
US20050200785A1 (en) * | 2002-05-29 | 2005-09-15 | Jones John C. | Liquid crystal device with bi- or multistable alignment gratings |
WO2005059875A2 (en) | 2003-12-16 | 2005-06-30 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | A display panel comprising a plurality of pixels and a display device |
WO2007054857A2 (en) * | 2005-11-10 | 2007-05-18 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Display device and driving method therefor |
US20080018577A1 (en) * | 2006-07-23 | 2008-01-24 | Peter James Fricke | Display element having individually turned-on steps |
-
2006
- 2006-07-23 US US11/492,163 patent/US20080018576A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2007
- 2007-07-12 TW TW096125413A patent/TWI409733B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2007-07-19 EP EP07813117A patent/EP2050091A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2007-07-19 WO PCT/US2007/073899 patent/WO2008014177A1/en active Application Filing
- 2007-07-19 US US12/374,977 patent/US8619012B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (23)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4712877A (en) * | 1985-01-18 | 1987-12-15 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Ferroelectric display panel of varying thickness and driving method therefor |
US4796980A (en) * | 1986-04-02 | 1989-01-10 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Ferroelectric liquid crystal optical modulation device with regions within pixels to initiate nucleation and inversion |
US4824218A (en) * | 1986-04-09 | 1989-04-25 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Optical modulation apparatus using ferroelectric liquid crystal and low-resistance portions of column electrodes |
US5136408A (en) * | 1988-06-01 | 1992-08-04 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal apparatus and driving method therefor |
US5552911A (en) * | 1992-10-19 | 1996-09-03 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Color liquid crystal display device having varying cell thickness and varying pixel areas |
US5760843A (en) * | 1993-01-19 | 1998-06-02 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Method and apparatus for contrast processing a video signal including brightness level compensation |
US5638195A (en) * | 1993-12-21 | 1997-06-10 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal display device for improved halftone display |
US5747671A (en) * | 1995-10-20 | 1998-05-05 | Ngk Insulators, Ltd. | Axial flow particle sensor |
US6072555A (en) * | 1996-02-01 | 2000-06-06 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Display apparatus capable of gradational display |
US6108061A (en) * | 1996-04-17 | 2000-08-22 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal element stabilized by the use of polymer reticulate structure, and manufacturing method thereof |
US5899550A (en) * | 1996-08-26 | 1999-05-04 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Display device having different arrangements of larger and smaller sub-color pixels |
US6094187A (en) * | 1996-12-16 | 2000-07-25 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Light modulating devices having grey scale levels using multiple state selection in combination with temporal and/or spatial dithering |
US6094184A (en) * | 1997-04-02 | 2000-07-25 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Driving method and driving circuit for ferroelectric liquid crystal display element |
US6411306B1 (en) * | 1997-11-14 | 2002-06-25 | Eastman Kodak Company | Automatic luminance and contrast adustment for display device |
US6529212B2 (en) * | 1997-11-14 | 2003-03-04 | Eastman Kodak Company | Automatic luminance and contrast adjustment as functions of ambient/surround luminance for display device |
US20050238228A1 (en) * | 1999-01-12 | 2005-10-27 | Microsoft Corporation | Filtering image data to obtain samples mapped to pixel sub-components of a display device |
US6624828B1 (en) * | 1999-02-01 | 2003-09-23 | Microsoft Corporation | Method and apparatus for improving the quality of displayed images through the use of user reference information |
US6801213B2 (en) * | 2000-04-14 | 2004-10-05 | Brillian Corporation | System and method for superframe dithering in a liquid crystal display |
US20030063054A1 (en) * | 2001-09-28 | 2003-04-03 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Display device and method for driving the same |
US20030080926A1 (en) * | 2001-10-30 | 2003-05-01 | Takashi Morimoto | Plasma display device and driving method thereof |
US20050057484A1 (en) * | 2003-09-15 | 2005-03-17 | Diefenbaugh Paul S. | Automatic image luminance control with backlight adjustment |
US20050068332A1 (en) * | 2003-09-29 | 2005-03-31 | Diefenbaugh Paul S. | Dynamic backlight and image adjustment using gamma correction |
US20060082710A1 (en) * | 2004-10-18 | 2006-04-20 | Kitson Stephen C | Display device with greyscale capability |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2008014177A1 (en) | 2008-01-31 |
TWI409733B (en) | 2013-09-21 |
US8619012B2 (en) | 2013-12-31 |
TW200811783A (en) | 2008-03-01 |
EP2050091A1 (en) | 2009-04-22 |
US20100045582A1 (en) | 2010-02-25 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
KR102306598B1 (en) | Display apparatus | |
US8587504B2 (en) | Liquid crystal display and method of driving the same | |
US6552706B1 (en) | Active matrix type liquid crystal display apparatus | |
US9865218B2 (en) | Display device | |
US20020070905A1 (en) | Image display device and method thereof | |
US11693284B2 (en) | Display panel and method of repairing the same | |
US10510306B2 (en) | Display panel and display apparatus having the same | |
JP2005346037A (en) | Liquid crystal display device and its driving method | |
JP2000081863A (en) | Switchable display device | |
CN110879500B (en) | Display substrate, driving method thereof, display panel and display device | |
KR20080049445A (en) | Liquid crystal display and driving method thereof | |
EP1410374B1 (en) | Display driver apparatus and driving method | |
KR101191453B1 (en) | Method for driving liquid crystal display panel | |
CN110164357B (en) | Display device and driving method thereof | |
KR100947771B1 (en) | Liquid Crystal Display Panel And Driving Apparatus Thereof | |
US8619012B2 (en) | Display element having groups of individually turned-on steps | |
US20210132453A1 (en) | Liquid crystal display device | |
US20080018577A1 (en) | Display element having individually turned-on steps | |
JP2009086262A (en) | Liquid crystal display device | |
CN109830217B (en) | Liquid crystal display panel, display device and driving method | |
KR20030083310A (en) | Liquid crystal display | |
CN109859716B (en) | Liquid crystal display panel, display device and driving method | |
US20200160803A1 (en) | Liquid crystal display device | |
US20020167479A1 (en) | High performance reflective liquid crystal light valve using a multi-row addressing scheme | |
US8243109B2 (en) | Resolving image / data mismatch via on-off pattern |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: HEWLETT-PACKARD DEVELOPMENT COMPANY, L.P., TEXAS Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:FRICKE, PETER JAMES;ARTHUR, ALAN R.;STELLBRINK, JOSEPH W.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:018129/0704;SIGNING DATES FROM 20060703 TO 20060712 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: EXPRESSLY ABANDONED -- DURING EXAMINATION |