US20080034684A1 - Building component - Google Patents
Building component Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20080034684A1 US20080034684A1 US11/879,782 US87978207A US2008034684A1 US 20080034684 A1 US20080034684 A1 US 20080034684A1 US 87978207 A US87978207 A US 87978207A US 2008034684 A1 US2008034684 A1 US 2008034684A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- sheet
- laminate
- photo
- voltaic
- secured
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002648 laminated material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000002837 heart atrium Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000004907 gland Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- ORQBXQOJMQIAOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N nobelium Chemical compound [No] ORQBXQOJMQIAOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000481 chemical toxicant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/14—Greenhouses
- A01G9/1407—Greenhouses of flexible synthetic material
- A01G9/1415—Greenhouses of flexible synthetic material with double or multiple walls
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/22—Shades or blinds for greenhouses, or the like
- A01G9/225—Inflatable structures
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
- A01G9/243—Collecting solar energy
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B7/00—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation
- E04B7/08—Vaulted roofs
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B7/00—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation
- E04B7/14—Suspended roofs
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D5/00—Roof covering by making use of flexible material, e.g. supplied in roll form
- E04D5/06—Roof covering by making use of flexible material, e.g. supplied in roll form by making use of plastics
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H15/00—Tents or canopies, in general
- E04H15/32—Parts, components, construction details, accessories, interior equipment, specially adapted for tents, e.g. guy-line equipment, skirts, thresholds
- E04H15/64—Tent or canopy cover fastenings
- E04H15/642—Tent or canopy cover fastenings with covers held by elongated fixing members locking in longitudinal recesses of a frame
- E04H15/648—Tent or canopy cover fastenings with covers held by elongated fixing members locking in longitudinal recesses of a frame the longitudinal recesses being made from two clamping members
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
- H02S20/20—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object
- H02S20/22—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings
- H02S20/23—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings specially adapted for roof structures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
- H02S20/20—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object
- H02S20/22—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings
- H02S20/26—Building materials integrated with PV modules, e.g. façade elements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H15/00—Tents or canopies, in general
- E04H15/20—Tents or canopies, in general inflatable, e.g. shaped, strengthened or supported by fluid pressure
- E04H2015/202—Tents or canopies, in general inflatable, e.g. shaped, strengthened or supported by fluid pressure with inflatable panels, without inflatable tubular framework
- E04H2015/205—Tents or canopies, in general inflatable, e.g. shaped, strengthened or supported by fluid pressure with inflatable panels, without inflatable tubular framework made from two sheets with intermediate spacer means
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/12—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries using renewable energies, e.g. solar water pumping
Definitions
- the present invention relates to apparatus forming a building component, comprising a substantially rigid support frame, a first substantially transparent or translucent flexible sheet attached to said support frame and a second substantially transparent or translucent flexible sheet attached to said frame to define an inflatable element.
- the elements may comprise two or more layers of a plastic foil-like material, such as ETFE (Ethylene Tetra Flouro Ethylene) inflated with relatively low pressure air.
- ETFE Ethylene Tetra Flouro Ethylene
- the ETFE sheet is restrained in its perimeter frame, the frame usually being manufactured from extruded aluminum, which is turn fixed to a support structure.
- the ETFE sheet As the element is inflated, the ETFE sheet is placed under tension and thereby forms a tight drum-like skin.
- ETFE based elements of this type are fixed to a support structure to form a cladding and are used to enclose spaces such as atria or to provide a transparent or translucent roof or façade, often as an alternative to glass.
- an advantage over using glass structures is that the element-based structures are relatively less expensive, the components have a lower embodied energy and do not require the use of toxic chemicals.
- the technology has been implemented, for example, by the Eden Project in the United Kingdom.
- an apparatus for forming a building component comprising a substantially rigid frame; a first substantially transparent or translucent flexible sheet attached to said support frame and a second substantially transparent or translucent flexible sheet attached to said frame to define an inflatable element.
- at least one region of flexible photo-voltaic laminate material positioned over one of said flexible sheets such that when inflated and when constructed said photo-photo-voltaic laminate material generates electrical energy and provides a degree of shading under conditions of sunlight.
- FIG. 1 shows a portion of a building having inflated elements
- FIG. 2 shows an inflated element of the type shown in FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 3 shows a cross-section of the element identified in FIG. 2 ;
- FIG. 4 shows a cross-section of the frame forming part of the element identified in FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 5 shows an alternative embodiment in which a photo-voltaic laminate is secured directly
- FIG. 6 shows an alternative embodiment in which an additional sheet is provided
- FIG. 7 shows an alternative embodiment in which the photo-voltaic material is encapsulated within layers of EVA
- FIG. 8 shows an alternative embodiment in which a third transparent flexible sheet is provided
- FIG. 9 shows a cross-section of a support frame for the embodiment of FIG. 7 ;
- FIG. 10 shows an alternative embodiment with an intermediate sheet
- FIG. 11 shows an alternative configuration for the embodiment of FIG. 9 .
- FIG. 12 shows an alternative embodiment in which photo-voltaic elements have been incorporated within the cushion material itself.
- FIG. 1 A first figure.
- FIG. 1 A portion of a building is shown in FIG. 1 in which a main load bearing structure that includes cross members 101 , supports elements 102 .
- Each element 102 has a rigid support frame arranged to support a first substantially transparent or translucent flexible sheet and a second substantially transparent or translucent flexible sheet so as to define an inflatable element.
- most of a building is constructed using inflatable elements.
- inflatable elements may be used in part of a building, such as for a roof, an atrium or for a façade.
- FIG. 1 is constructed from rectilinear elements. However, it should be appreciated that in alternative embodiments it is possible to use cushion-like elements having irregular and sophisticated shapes, possibly defining curves across two planes.
- FIG. 2 An inflated element 102 is shown in FIG. 2 , consisting of three rectangular ETFE sheets held within a support frame 201 . A space between the sheets is inflated via a compressed air inlet 202 , thereby maintaining pressure within the sealed element.
- the element is also provided with regions 203 of flexible photo-voltaic laminate material secured to one of the flexible sheets. In this way, when the element has been inflated and the resulting inflated element incorporated within a construction (such as that shown in FIG. 1 ).
- the photo-voltaic material generates electrical energy and also provides a degree of shading under conditions of sunlight.
- the regions 203 of photo-voltaic laminate material are shown connected in parallel by electrical connection wire 204 .
- electrical conduction cables such as cable 204
- FIG. 3 A cross-section of the element shown in FIG. 2 is detailed in FIG. 3 .
- This shows the frame 201 in cross-section, configured to support a first substantially transparent or translucent flexible sheet 301 and a second substantially transparent or translucent flexible sheet 302 .
- an intermediate transparent or translucent flexible sheet 303 is provided. The provision of intermediate sheet 303 enhances the stability of the element and also affects characteristics of the element, such as its ability to transmit light and its thermal properties.
- a first inflatable region 304 is defined between the first sheet 301 and the intermediate sheet 303 .
- a second inflatable region 305 is provided, between the intermediate sheet 303 and the second sheet 302 .
- FIG. 4 A cross-section of support frame 201 is detailed in FIG. 4 .
- the frame is fabricated from aluminum extrusions, taking the form of an upper frame component 401 and a lower frame component 402 .
- sheets 301 , 302 and 303 are brought together to encapsulate a bead 403 .
- the bead 403 is then held within an extruded edge portion 404 , which is itself restrained within the lower frame component 402 .
- a similar assembly 405 is restrained on an opposite side.
- the sheets are firmly held in place by the application of the upper frame component 401 .
- FIG. 5 An embodiment is shown in FIG. 5 , in which the first sheet 301 has an upper external surface 501 and an internal surface 502 .
- the photo-voltaic laminate 203 is secured directly to the upper surface 501 .
- the photo-voltaic laminate 203 is secured directly to the upper surface 501 by means of an adhesive 503 .
- FIG. 6 An alternative embodiment is shown in FIG. 6 in which, again, the laminate 203 is positioned over the upper surface 501 of the first sheet 301 .
- an additional sheet 601 is provided again being substantially transparent or translucent and in particular allowing the transmission of light at frequencies most applicable for the optimum operation of the photo-voltaic laminate 203 .
- the additional sheet 601 is larger than the laminate so as to present overhanging edges 602 which are secured to the upper surface 501 .
- the additional sheet 601 is secured (by the application of an adhesive for example) to the laminate 202 .
- the sheet is not secured to the laminate and the laminate is held in position in a pocket-like manner, such that the laminate is allowed a degree of movement over the upper surface.
- the photo-voltaic elements take the form of separate panels that are supported on the upper surface 501 and spaced away from the edge of the elements. This positioning is preferred so as to reduce the degree of flexing to which the photo-voltaic laminate is subjected.
- the photo-voltaic laminate is not applied near to the corners of the element, where the curvature of the transparent sheets is considerable.
- a factory finished unit 701 includes a conventional photo-voltaic component 702 , typically consisting of the photo-voltaic material being encapsulated within layers of EVA.
- a conventional photo-voltaic component 702 typically consisting of the photo-voltaic material being encapsulated within layers of EVA.
- further layers 703 of ETFE are provided to facilitate integration into a top layer 704 by a welding process.
- the photo-voltaic construction 701 may be incorporated within the cushion-like structure itself, either after the fabrication of the cushion or prior to the fabrication of the cushion.
- FIG. 8 An alternative embodiment is illustrated in FIG. 8 in which a third top transparent or translucent flexible sheet 801 has been provided which extends over the first flexible sheet 301 .
- the element is also provided with a second flexible sheet 302 and an intermediate flexible sheet 303 , again defining inflatable regions 304 and 305 .
- a space is provided between the first flexible sheet 301 and the additional third sheet 801 configured to receive photo-voltaic laminate panels 203 .
- FIG. 8 provides an advantage in that the application, servicing or removal of voltaic laminates 203 is easily facilitated, by the removal or application of the top sheet 801 .
- the laminates 203 may be secured in position without affecting the integrity of the upper surface of the first sheet 301 .
- FIG. 9 A cross-section of the support frame is shown in FIG. 9 , substantially similar to the cross-section of FIG. 4 but with an additional frame attachment to facilitate assembly of the configuration shown in FIG. 8 .
- Frame attachment 901 is secured to the upper frame component 401 .
- the frame attachment 901 provides a first bead-channel 902 and a second bead-channel 903 . Each of these bead-channels is configured to receive a beaded edge of a third flexible sheet, such as sheet 801 shown in FIG. 8 .
- FIG. 10 An alternative embodiment is shown in FIG. 10 , in which the first flexible sheet 301 is an outer sheet having an outer upper surface 501 and an inner surface 502 .
- a first photo-voltaic laminate 203 is secured to the outer surface 501 , possibly using the techniques described with respect to FIG. 5 or with respect to FIG. 6 .
- a second photo-voltaic laminate 1001 is secured to the intermediate sheet 303 .
- FIG. 10 is again illustrated in FIG. 11 .
- the air pressure within region 305 has been increased relative to the pressure of the air contained within region 304 . Consequently, the volume of region 304 has reduced substantially and the volume of region 305 has increased substantially, effectively filling most of the space between the first sheet 501 and the second sheet 502 . Under these circumstances, shading laminates 203 are brought into close proximity with shading laminates 901 .
- the shading regions are interdigitated such that the blank (substantially transparent) regions of the upper layer 501 are covered by the shading regions of the intermediate layer 303 .
- the overall transparency of the individual elements is substantially reduced.
- this modification would not, in a preferred embodiment, substantially reduce the structures ability to generate electrical energy.
- FIG. 12 An alternative embodiment is shown in FIG. 12 , that is substantially similar to the embodiment of FIG. 10 .
- upper photo-voltaic elements 1201 and intermediate photo-voltaic elements 1202 have been incorporated within the cushion material itself, possibly using the techniques described with respect to FIG. 7 .
Abstract
A building component is shown having a substantially rigid support frame (201). In addition, the component has a first substantially transparent or translucent flexible sheet (301) and a second substantially transparent or translucent flexible sheet (302) attached to frame (201) to define an inflatable element. At least one region (203) of the flexible photo-voltaic laminate material is secured to one of the flexible sheets (301) such that when inflated and when constructed the photo-voltaic material (203) generates electrical energy and provides a degree of shading under conditions of sunlight.
Description
- This application claims priority from United Kingdom Patent Application No. 06 14 253.3 filed on Jul. 18, 2006, the whole contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
- The present invention relates to apparatus forming a building component, comprising a substantially rigid support frame, a first substantially transparent or translucent flexible sheet attached to said support frame and a second substantially transparent or translucent flexible sheet attached to said frame to define an inflatable element.
- Building components constructed from a substantially rigid support frame with a first substantially transparent or translucent flexible sheet attached thereto along with a second substantially transparent or translucent flexible sheet thereto so as to define an inflatable cushion-like element are known. The elements may comprise two or more layers of a plastic foil-like material, such as ETFE (Ethylene Tetra Flouro Ethylene) inflated with relatively low pressure air. The ETFE sheet is restrained in its perimeter frame, the frame usually being manufactured from extruded aluminum, which is turn fixed to a support structure.
- As the element is inflated, the ETFE sheet is placed under tension and thereby forms a tight drum-like skin.
- ETFE based elements of this type are fixed to a support structure to form a cladding and are used to enclose spaces such as atria or to provide a transparent or translucent roof or façade, often as an alternative to glass. However, an advantage over using glass structures is that the element-based structures are relatively less expensive, the components have a lower embodied energy and do not require the use of toxic chemicals. The technology has been implemented, for example, by the Eden Project in the United Kingdom.
- According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for forming a building component, comprising a substantially rigid frame; a first substantially transparent or translucent flexible sheet attached to said support frame and a second substantially transparent or translucent flexible sheet attached to said frame to define an inflatable element. In addition, there is provided at least one region of flexible photo-voltaic laminate material positioned over one of said flexible sheets such that when inflated and when constructed said photo-photo-voltaic laminate material generates electrical energy and provides a degree of shading under conditions of sunlight.
-
FIG. 1 shows a portion of a building having inflated elements; -
FIG. 2 shows an inflated element of the type shown inFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 3 shows a cross-section of the element identified inFIG. 2 ; -
FIG. 4 shows a cross-section of the frame forming part of the element identified inFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 5 shows an alternative embodiment in which a photo-voltaic laminate is secured directly; -
FIG. 6 shows an alternative embodiment in which an additional sheet is provided; -
FIG. 7 shows an alternative embodiment in which the photo-voltaic material is encapsulated within layers of EVA; -
FIG. 8 shows an alternative embodiment in which a third transparent flexible sheet is provided; -
FIG. 9 shows a cross-section of a support frame for the embodiment ofFIG. 7 ; -
FIG. 10 shows an alternative embodiment with an intermediate sheet; -
FIG. 11 shows an alternative configuration for the embodiment ofFIG. 9 ; and -
FIG. 12 shows an alternative embodiment in which photo-voltaic elements have been incorporated within the cushion material itself. -
FIG. 1 - A portion of a building is shown in
FIG. 1 in which a main load bearing structure that includescross members 101, supportselements 102. Eachelement 102 has a rigid support frame arranged to support a first substantially transparent or translucent flexible sheet and a second substantially transparent or translucent flexible sheet so as to define an inflatable element. - In a preferred embodiment, most of a building is constructed using inflatable elements. Alternatively, inflatable elements may be used in part of a building, such as for a roof, an atrium or for a façade.
- The example of
FIG. 1 is constructed from rectilinear elements. However, it should be appreciated that in alternative embodiments it is possible to use cushion-like elements having irregular and sophisticated shapes, possibly defining curves across two planes. -
FIG. 2 - An inflated
element 102 is shown inFIG. 2 , consisting of three rectangular ETFE sheets held within asupport frame 201. A space between the sheets is inflated via a compressed air inlet 202, thereby maintaining pressure within the sealed element. - The element is also provided with
regions 203 of flexible photo-voltaic laminate material secured to one of the flexible sheets. In this way, when the element has been inflated and the resulting inflated element incorporated within a construction (such as that shown inFIG. 1 ). The photo-voltaic material generates electrical energy and also provides a degree of shading under conditions of sunlight. - The
regions 203 of photo-voltaic laminate material are shown connected in parallel byelectrical connection wire 204. In order to facilitate the distribution of cables within the structure as a whole, it is possible for electrical conduction cables, such ascable 204, to pass through flexible sheets via a gland 205, configured such that the sheet itself remains sealed and does not therefore lose pressure. -
FIG. 3 - A cross-section of the element shown in
FIG. 2 is detailed inFIG. 3 . This shows theframe 201 in cross-section, configured to support a first substantially transparent or translucentflexible sheet 301 and a second substantially transparent or translucentflexible sheet 302. Furthermore, in this embodiment, an intermediate transparent or translucentflexible sheet 303 is provided. The provision ofintermediate sheet 303 enhances the stability of the element and also affects characteristics of the element, such as its ability to transmit light and its thermal properties. - Within the element itself, a first
inflatable region 304 is defined between thefirst sheet 301 and theintermediate sheet 303. Likewise, a secondinflatable region 305 is provided, between theintermediate sheet 303 and thesecond sheet 302. By makingregion 304 independently inflatable from region 205 it is possible to apply different degrees of pressure to these regions and thereby control operational attributes of the element itself. The regions receive air under these circumstances via a first inlet 306 (for region 304) and via asecond air inlet 307, for the second inflatable region. -
FIG. 4 - A cross-section of
support frame 201 is detailed inFIG. 4 . In a preferred embodiment, the frame is fabricated from aluminum extrusions, taking the form of anupper frame component 401 and alower frame component 402. At their edges,sheets bead 403. Thebead 403 is then held within anextruded edge portion 404, which is itself restrained within thelower frame component 402. As shown inFIG. 4 , asimilar assembly 405 is restrained on an opposite side. - To complete the assembly of the element, the sheets are firmly held in place by the application of the
upper frame component 401. -
FIG. 5 - An embodiment is shown in
FIG. 5 , in which thefirst sheet 301 has an upperexternal surface 501 and aninternal surface 502. In this embodiment, the photo-voltaic laminate 203 is secured directly to theupper surface 501. - In one embodiment, the photo-
voltaic laminate 203 is secured directly to theupper surface 501 by means of anadhesive 503. -
FIG. 6 - An alternative embodiment is shown in
FIG. 6 in which, again, the laminate 203 is positioned over theupper surface 501 of thefirst sheet 301. However, in this embodiment, anadditional sheet 601 is provided again being substantially transparent or translucent and in particular allowing the transmission of light at frequencies most applicable for the optimum operation of the photo-voltaic laminate 203. In this embodiment, theadditional sheet 601 is larger than the laminate so as to present overhangingedges 602 which are secured to theupper surface 501. - In an embodiment, the
additional sheet 601 is secured (by the application of an adhesive for example) to the laminate 202. However, in an alternative embodiment, the sheet is not secured to the laminate and the laminate is held in position in a pocket-like manner, such that the laminate is allowed a degree of movement over the upper surface. - As shown in
FIG. 2 and as reinforced byFIG. 6 , the photo-voltaic elements take the form of separate panels that are supported on theupper surface 501 and spaced away from the edge of the elements. This positioning is preferred so as to reduce the degree of flexing to which the photo-voltaic laminate is subjected. Thus, in a preferred embodiment, the photo-voltaic laminate is not applied near to the corners of the element, where the curvature of the transparent sheets is considerable. -
FIG. 7 - An alternative embodiment is shown in
FIG. 7 in which a factory finishedunit 701 includes a conventional photo-voltaic component 702, typically consisting of the photo-voltaic material being encapsulated within layers of EVA. However, in addition,further layers 703 of ETFE are provided to facilitate integration into atop layer 704 by a welding process. Thus, I this way, the photo-voltaic construction 701 may be incorporated within the cushion-like structure itself, either after the fabrication of the cushion or prior to the fabrication of the cushion. -
FIG. 8 - An alternative embodiment is illustrated in
FIG. 8 in which a third top transparent or translucentflexible sheet 801 has been provided which extends over the firstflexible sheet 301. In this embodiment, the element is also provided with a secondflexible sheet 302 and an intermediateflexible sheet 303, again defininginflatable regions - A space is provided between the first
flexible sheet 301 and the additionalthird sheet 801 configured to receive photo-voltaic laminate panels 203. - The embodiment of
FIG. 8 provides an advantage in that the application, servicing or removal ofvoltaic laminates 203 is easily facilitated, by the removal or application of thetop sheet 801. Thus, thelaminates 203 may be secured in position without affecting the integrity of the upper surface of thefirst sheet 301. -
FIG. 9 - A cross-section of the support frame is shown in
FIG. 9 , substantially similar to the cross-section ofFIG. 4 but with an additional frame attachment to facilitate assembly of the configuration shown inFIG. 8 .Frame attachment 901 is secured to theupper frame component 401. Theframe attachment 901 provides a first bead-channel 902 and a second bead-channel 903. Each of these bead-channels is configured to receive a beaded edge of a third flexible sheet, such assheet 801 shown inFIG. 8 . -
FIG. 10 - An alternative embodiment is shown in
FIG. 10 , in which the firstflexible sheet 301 is an outer sheet having an outerupper surface 501 and aninner surface 502. A first photo-voltaic laminate 203 is secured to theouter surface 501, possibly using the techniques described with respect toFIG. 5 or with respect toFIG. 6 . In addition, a second photo-voltaic laminate 1001 is secured to theintermediate sheet 303. When constructed, as illustrated inFIG. 10 , a degree of shading is provided by both the upper photo-voltaic laminate 203 and the intermediate photo-voltaic laminate 1001. However, in the configuration shown inFIG. 10 , it is possible for light to pass through the elements (and thereby illuminate the interior of a building) by passing between the photo-voltaic laminate shading components (203, 1001) as illustrated byarrow 1002. However, as previously described with respect toFIG. 3 , it is possible for a different air pressure to be applied withinregion 304 compared to theregion 305. -
FIG. 11 - The embodiment of
FIG. 10 is again illustrated inFIG. 11 . However, in this example, the air pressure withinregion 305 has been increased relative to the pressure of the air contained withinregion 304. Consequently, the volume ofregion 304 has reduced substantially and the volume ofregion 305 has increased substantially, effectively filling most of the space between thefirst sheet 501 and thesecond sheet 502. Under these circumstances,shading laminates 203 are brought into close proximity with shading laminates 901. - The shading regions are interdigitated such that the blank (substantially transparent) regions of the
upper layer 501 are covered by the shading regions of theintermediate layer 303. Thus, when the assembly ofFIG. 10 is modified into the configuration ofFIG. 11 , the overall transparency of the individual elements (and by implication the overall structure) is substantially reduced. Thus, by modifying the relative air pressures withinregions -
FIG. 12 - An alternative embodiment is shown in
FIG. 12 , that is substantially similar to the embodiment ofFIG. 10 . However, in the embodiment ofFIG. 12 , upper photo-voltaic elements 1201 and intermediate photo-voltaic elements 1202 have been incorporated within the cushion material itself, possibly using the techniques described with respect toFIG. 7 .
Claims (20)
1. Apparatus forming a building component, comprising a substantially rigid support frame;
a first substantially transparent or translucent flexible sheet attached to said support frame and a second substantially transparent or translucent flexible sheet attached to said frame to define an inflatable element; and
at least one region of flexible photo-voltaic laminate material positioned over one of said flexible sheets such that when inflated and when constructed said photo-voltaic material generates electrical energy and provides a degree of shading under conditions of sunlight.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said first sheet is an outer sheet having an upper external surface and an internal surface, wherein said photo-voltaic laminate is positioned over said upper surface.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein said photo-voltaic laminate is secured directly to said upper surface.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein said photo-voltaic laminate is secured directly by an adhesive.
5. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein said photo-voltaic laminate is attached to said upper surface by an additional sheet, said additional sheet is larger than the laminate so as to present overhanging edges and said overhanging edges are secured to the upper surface.
6. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein said additional sheet is secured to the laminate.
7. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the additional sheet is not secured to the laminate and said laminate is held in position in a pocket-like manner, such that said laminate is allowed a degree of movement over the upper surface.
8. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein a third transparent or translucent flexible sheet is positioned over the laminate and said third sheet is attached to said support frame.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said first flexible sheet is an outer sheet when constructed having an inner surface and an outer surface, wherein a first photo-voltaic laminate is secured to said outer surface; and
an intermediate substantially transparent or translucent flexible sheet is attached to said support frame between said first sheet and said second sheet, wherein a second photo-voltaic laminate is secured to said intermediate sheet.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein at least one of said sheets includes a gland to facilitate the passing of electrical cables for carrying power generated by said laminate.
11. A method of constructing a building component, comprising the steps of:
defining two or more substantially transparent or translucent flexible sheets;
applying at least one region of flexible photo-voltaic laminate to at least one of said sheets; and
attaching edges of said sheets to a substantially rigid support frame to form an inflatable element.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the first sheet is an outer sheet having an upper external surface and an internal surface and the photo-voltaic laminate is positioned over said upper surface.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the photo-voltaic laminate is attached to said upper surface by an additional sheet, said additional sheet is larger than the laminates so as to present overhanging edges and said overhanging edges are secured to the upper surface.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the additional sheet is not secured to the laminate and said laminate is held in position in a pocket-like manner, such that said laminate is allowed a degree of movement over the upper surface.
15. The method of claim 12 , wherein a third transparent or translucent flexible sheet is positioned over the laminate and said third sheet is attached to said support frame.
16. The method of claim 11 , wherein the first flexible sheet is an outer sheet when constructed having an inner surface and an outer surface, wherein a first photo-voltaic laminate is secured to said outer surface and an intermediate substantially transparent or translucent flexible sheet is attached to said support frame between said first sheet and said second sheet, wherein a second photo-voltaic laminate is secured to said intermediate sheet.
17. A building, atrium or façade, having a main load-bearing structure configured to support a plurality of elements, wherein each of said elements comprises:
a substantially rigid support frame;
a first substantially transparent or translucent flexible sheet attached to said support frame and a second substantially transparent or translucent flexible sheet attached to said frame to define an inflatable element; and
at least one region of flexible photo-voltaic laminate material positioned over one of said flexible sheets such that when inflated and constructed said photo-voltaic material generates electrical energy and provides a degree of shading under conditions of sunlight.
18. A building according to claim 17 , wherein said load bearing structure includes interface devices for receiving cables configured to convey power generated by said laminate material.
19. A building according to claim 17 , including a source of compressed air for maintaining said elements inflated.
20. A building according to claim 19 , wherein said source of compressed air includes an adjustment device for adjusting the degree of shading provided by the photo-voltaic laminates.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GBGB0614253.3A GB0614253D0 (en) | 2006-07-18 | 2006-07-18 | Flexible solar roof |
GB0614253.3 | 2006-07-18 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20080034684A1 true US20080034684A1 (en) | 2008-02-14 |
Family
ID=36998267
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/879,782 Abandoned US20080034684A1 (en) | 2006-07-18 | 2007-07-18 | Building component |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20080034684A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2044633A1 (en) |
GB (2) | GB0614253D0 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2008009916A1 (en) |
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US20100236541A1 (en) * | 2009-03-18 | 2010-09-23 | The Garland Company, Inc. | Solar roofing system |
US20110030285A1 (en) * | 2009-08-06 | 2011-02-10 | Wattlots Llc | Open-air parking shelter with photovoltaic elements and improved airflow characteristics |
WO2011073448A3 (en) * | 2009-12-18 | 2012-05-03 | Seele Holding Gmbh & Co. Kg | Membrane building component with a solar panel |
ITPA20110003A1 (en) * | 2011-01-28 | 2012-07-29 | Orazio Scrofani | MEDITERRANEAN PHOTOVOLTAIC GREENHOUSE WITH HIGH EFFICIENCY AND VARIABLE HANGING, WITH FIXED OR VARIABLE ROOF COVER. |
CN101986812B (en) * | 2009-08-07 | 2012-09-26 | 光宝绿色能资科技股份有限公司 | Solar green house |
JP2013002120A (en) * | 2011-06-15 | 2013-01-07 | Takenaka Komuten Co Ltd | Structure for fixing electronic component |
WO2014180098A1 (en) * | 2013-05-08 | 2014-11-13 | Liu Qingyun | Application method of tubular photovoltaic power generation component |
JP2015195712A (en) * | 2014-03-27 | 2015-11-05 | 三菱化学株式会社 | solar cell device |
US9422732B2 (en) * | 2014-04-28 | 2016-08-23 | Ted Gower | Slidable barriers |
US20210092908A1 (en) * | 2018-05-11 | 2021-04-01 | Solivus Limited | A solar module and a method of making a solar module |
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NL1035186C1 (en) * | 2008-03-18 | 2008-06-30 | Mahasti Tafahomi | Shelter used for e.g. emergency accommodation, comprises solar panel skin sections secured to frame pieces to form shelter skin |
ITRM20090266A1 (en) * | 2009-05-26 | 2010-11-27 | Umberto Berti | SHADED PROTECTIVE STRUCTURE WITH IRRAGIATION DOSAGE BY MEANS OF PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES DENOMINATED BIO DEFENDER |
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ITTO20100095A1 (en) * | 2010-02-10 | 2011-08-11 | Giacomo Roccaforte | COVERING ELEMENT FOR AN AGRICULTURAL AND SIMILAR GREENHOUSE. |
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US20100236541A1 (en) * | 2009-03-18 | 2010-09-23 | The Garland Company, Inc. | Solar roofing system |
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WO2011073448A3 (en) * | 2009-12-18 | 2012-05-03 | Seele Holding Gmbh & Co. Kg | Membrane building component with a solar panel |
ITPA20110003A1 (en) * | 2011-01-28 | 2012-07-29 | Orazio Scrofani | MEDITERRANEAN PHOTOVOLTAIC GREENHOUSE WITH HIGH EFFICIENCY AND VARIABLE HANGING, WITH FIXED OR VARIABLE ROOF COVER. |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB0713882D0 (en) | 2007-08-29 |
EP2044633A1 (en) | 2009-04-08 |
GB2440430A (en) | 2008-01-30 |
GB0614253D0 (en) | 2006-08-30 |
WO2008009916A1 (en) | 2008-01-24 |
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