US20080036117A1 - Apparatus for three dimensional printing using imaged layers - Google Patents
Apparatus for three dimensional printing using imaged layers Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20080036117A1 US20080036117A1 US11/890,984 US89098407A US2008036117A1 US 20080036117 A1 US20080036117 A1 US 20080036117A1 US 89098407 A US89098407 A US 89098407A US 2008036117 A1 US2008036117 A1 US 2008036117A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- sintered
- powder
- drum
- images
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
- B29C64/153—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C64/205—Means for applying layers
- B29C64/214—Doctor blades
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C64/245—Platforms or substrates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C64/295—Heating elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B29C64/379—Handling of additively manufactured objects, e.g. using robots
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Robotics (AREA)
Abstract
A three-dimensional printer adapted to construct three dimensional objects is disclosed. In an exemplary embodiment, the printer includes a first surface adapted to receive a bulk layer of sinterable powder, a polymer such as nylon powder; a radiant energy source, e.g., an incoherent heat source adapted to focus the heat energy to sinter an image from the layer of sinterable powder; and a transfer mechanism adapted to transfer or print the sintered image from the first surface to the object being assembled while fusing the sintered image to the object being assembled. The transfer mechanism is preferably adapted to simultaneously deposit and fuse the sintered image to the object being assembled. The process of generating an image and transferring it to the object being assembled is repeated for each cross section until the assembled object is completed.
Description
- This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/078,894 filed on Mar. 11, 2005, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/554,251 filed Mar. 18, 2004, entitled “Three Dimensional Printing,” each of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein for all purposes.
- The present invention relates to a system and method for generating three dimensional objects from a plurality of cross sectional information. In particular, the invention relates to a system and method for constructing three dimensional objects using inexpensive sources of heat and simple motion systems.
- Three dimensional (3D) printers and rapid prototyping (RP) systems are currently used primarily to quickly produce objects and prototype parts from 3D computer-aided design (CAD) tools. Most RP systems use an additive, layer-by-layer approach to building parts by joining liquid, powder, or sheet materials to form physical objects. The data referenced in order to create the layers is generated from the CAD system using thin, horizontal cross-sections of the model. The prior art 3D printing systems that require heat to join the materials together generally employ high powered lasers and high precision motion systems containing a multitude of actuators to generate parts; resulting in a 3D printer which is generally too expensive for the home/hobbyist user or small mechanical design groups. There is therefore a need for 3D printers and RP systems that can generate parts on a layer-by-layer basis without a high power laser or other expensive energy source and with less expensive motion systems.
- The invention features a three-dimensional printer (3DP) adapted to construct three dimensional objects from cross sectional layers of the object that are formed on one surface, then subsequently adhered to the stack of previously formed and adhered layers. In the preferred embodiment, the 3DP includes a first surface adapted to receive a bulk layer of sinterable powder; a radiant energy source adapted to fuse a select portion of the layer of sinterable powder to form a sintered image; and a transfer mechanism adapted to concurrently transfer or print the sintered image from the first surface to the object being assembled while fusing the sintered image to the object being assembled. The layer of sinterable powder is preferably a polymer such as nylon that may be fused on a roller or drum, for example, with the energy provided by an incoherent heat source such as a halogen lamp. The transfer mechanism includes one or more actuators and associated controls adapted to simultaneously roll and translate the drum across the object being assembled so as to press and fuse the sintered image to the object. The transfer mechanism may further includes a transfixing heater for heating the sintered image and the object immediately before the layer is applied to the object. The process of generating an image and transferring it to the object being assembled is typically repeated for each cross section until the assembled object is completed.
- In some embodiments, the 3DP includes a powder applicator adapted to apply a predetermined quantity of sinterable powder to the drum for sintering. In the preferred embodiment, the applicator extracts the sinterable powder from a reservoir and permits the powder to briefly free fall, thereby separating the particles that may have compacted in the reservoir and normalizing the density of the particles applied in layer form to the drum. The powder applicator may further include a blade which, when placed a select distance from and angle relative to the drum, produces a layer of sinterable powder with uniform thickness and density on the drum as the drum is rotated.
- In some embodiments, the drum of the 3DP includes a temperature regulator and drum heating element adapted to heat the temperature of the drum at or near the fusing point of the sinterable powder to reduce the energy required by the radiant energy source to print a sintered image from the layer of bulk powder on the drum. The 3DP may further include a first heating element, a second heating element, or both to reduce the energy required to fuse the sintered image to the object being assembled. The first heating element, which is incorporated into a platform assembly on which the object is assembled, for example, is adapted to hold the object at a first predetermined temperature above the ambient temperature. The second heating element is preferably a hot pad adapted to contact and maintain the temperature of the upper surface of the object being assembled at a second determined temperature until the next sintered image is applied to the upper surface. The second determined temperature is less than the melting temperature of the sinterable powder.
- The 3DP in some embodiments further includes a layer thickness control processor adapted to regulate the thickness of a sintered image fused to the object being assembled. The layer thickness control processor may vary the thickness of the sintered image before or after transferring to the object being assembled by, for example, varying the quantity of sinterable powder dispensed by the applicator, regulating the position of an applicator blade with respect to the drum, regulating the time and pressure applied by the drum to transfer the sintered image to the object being assembled, compressing the sintered image after it is fused to the object being assembled, and removing excess material from the object being assembled by means of a material removal mechanism.
- The present invention is illustrated by way of example and not limitation in the figures of the accompanying drawings, and in which:
-
FIGS. 1A-1C are schematic diagrams demonstrating the operation of the three dimensional printer of the first preferred embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 2 is an isometric view of the three dimensional printer in accordance with the second preferred embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 3 is a cross sectional view of the three dimensional printer in accordance with the second preferred embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 4 is an isometric view of the drum assembly in accordance with the second preferred embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 5 is a cross sectional view of the sintering assembly in accordance with the second preferred embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 6 is an isometric view of the powder applicator in accordance with the second preferred embodiment of the present invention; -
FIGS. 7A-7C are schematic diagrams demonstrating the operation of the powder applicator in accordance with the second preferred embodiment of the present invention; -
FIGS. 8A-8D are cross sectional isometric views demonstrating the three dimensional printer forming a sintered image and applying it to the object under construction in accordance with the second preferred embodiment of the present invention; -
FIGS. 9A-9E are cross sectional diagrams demonstrating the formation of an object using a partially sintered support structure in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; -
FIGS. 10A-10B are plan views of individual sintered images showing alternating open hatch patterns in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 10C is plan view of an object being assembled from a plurality of sintered images having alternating open hatch patterns in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; and -
FIGS. 11A-11B are perspective views of an object being assembled within a layer thickness reference wall in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. - Illustrated in
FIGS. 1A-1C is a schematic diagram demonstrating the operation of the three dimensional printer (3DP) of the first preferred embodiment. The3DP 100 is adapted to construct a three dimensional (3D) part or object from a digital model of the object using a plurality of layers corresponding to cross sectional layers of the object. In the preferred embodiment, the cross sectional layers are formed from a powder whose particles can be sintered, i.e., to be formed into a coherent mass by heating. The layers of sintered powder referred to as sintered images are individually generated and sequentially assembled or printed onto a stack to build the object. Heat is used to fuse particles of the powder together to form individual layers as well as fuse individual layers together into the 3D object. - As illustrated in
FIG. 1A , the3DP 100 preferably includes alayer processing surface 102, aradiant energy source 104, and awork surface 106. The layer processing surface, e.g., the continuous surface of aprocess drum 102 or a planar surface, is adapted to rotate 120 about its longitudinal axis and pass over the work surface in a translational motion under the control of a microprocessor (not shown) and transfer or otherwise deposit the layers of sintered powder onto the work surface. The work surface is either a build surface on which the first sintered image is deposited or a preceding sintered image on the object being assembled. When produced on a layer processing surface separate from the object being assembled, the sintered image is permitted to express any distortion due to melting and density changes, for example, before the sintered image is affixed to the object, thereby reducing internal stresses that may arise in the object. As described below, production of the sintered image on the continuous surface of thedrum 102 or other heated layer processing surface does not, in the preferred embodiment, typically require the energy required to concurrently fuse the image to the previous layer. - In the preferred embodiment, the
process drum 102 includes a heating element (not shown) adapted to elevate the temperature of the outer surface of the drum to a predetermined value near the melting temperature of the sinterable powder employed. In the preferred embodiment, the sinterable powder is a crystalline nylon powder and the temperature to which the outer surface of the drum is raised is preferably low enough to prevent the powder from fully fusing but high enough above the ambient temperature of the sinterable powder to reduce the energy that must be injected to fuse the powder into a sintered image and subsequently, to weld or otherwise adhere the sintered image to the object under construction. A uniform layer ofsinterable powder 110 is applied in bulk to drum 102. The sinterable powder, which is made tacky by the heat of thedrum 102, adheres to the drum without the particles of thelayer 110 fusing together. Electrostatic attraction may also be used in combination with a heated drum or alone with an unheated drum to releasably or removably adhere sinterable powder to thedrum 102. - Portions of the layer of
sinterable powder 110 representing a cross sectional layer of the object being formed are sintered by aradiant energy source 104. Theenergy source 104, preferably a focused heat source having afocal point 105 on thedrum 102, i.e., the continuous surface of the drum, heats the powder to a temperature sufficient to fuse the powder. The powder may be fused by partially liquefying the powder or by fully liquefying the powder which then cools back to a solid at the roller temperature once theenergy source 104 is removed. Asintered image 112A is formed by moving theheat source 104 relative to the continuous surface of thedrum 102 to trace lines or regions of sintered powder across the layer ofsinterable powder 110. In the preferred embodiment, the cross sectional layer of the object may take on any complex configuration by rotating 120 thedrum 102 and translating 122 theheat source 104 under the control of the microprocessor. Unsintered powder continues to adhere to thedrum 102 in this illustrative example. - As illustrated in
FIG. 1B , the sintered image—illustrated in the form of adiamond 112A—is then transferred to thework surface 106 by simultaneously rotating 124 thedrum 102 while translating 126 the drum across the work surface. As thedrum 102 advances across thework surface 106 from its initial position illustrated by dashed lines, thesintered image 112A detaches from the drum and transfers to the work surface. The sintered image and the portion of the object receiving the sintered image, in some embodiments, are exposed to a heat source for transfixing the sintered image to the object being assembled. A transfixing heater, such as a fuser lamp (discussed in more detail below), increases the tackiness of the sintered image and the work surface for purposes of enhancing the layer-to-layer fusion or welding and ensuring that the sintered image has a greater adhesion to the work surface than thedrum 102. The distance between the translateddrum surface 102 and thework surface 106 is approximately equal to or less than the thickness of thesintered image 112A. As stated above, theterm work surface 106 as used herein refers to a surface on which the current sintered image is deposited, which may be the platform of the3DP 100 or a previous sintered image layer laid down during the assembly of the 3D object. - In the preferred embodiment, the sintered image is concurrently transferred to and fused with the object being assembled. In some embodiments, however, the sintered image may first be deposited onto the object and subsequently fused by, for example, a fuser lamp that follows the drum, a bulk heating process, a hot pad (discussed in more detail below), or a combination thereof.
- As illustrated in
FIG. 1C , the entire sintered image is deposited onto thework surface 106 once thedrum 102 has traversed the length of the work surface and the drum reached its final position illustrated by dashed lines. Unsintered powder, left over after the sintered image is formed, may be removed from thedrum 102 before or after transferring the sintered image to the object, removed from thework surface 106 after transferring, or retained at the work surface after transfer to provide support for the subsequent sintered image, particularly overhanging sections of the next sintered layer deposited onto theobject 112B. This process of producing and depositing a sintered image is repeated for each cross section of the object being constructed from the model. - Illustrated in
FIGS. 2 and 3 is a3DP 200 in accordance with the second preferred embodiment of the invention. Consistent with the first embodiment, the second embodiment includes adrum assembly 202, a sintering assembly, a platform assembly, and amicroprocessor 250. This embodiment of the3DP 200 further includes asinterable powder applicator 210, asinterable powder reservoir 212, anobject heating element 208, and means for cleaning the roller and work surface in preparation for the next sintered image. Thedrum assembly 202 includes adrum frame 218 and aprocess drum 310 adapted to rotate in response to a first actuator, preferably astepper motor 220, operably coupled to the drum via one or more reduction gears 222. - The drum assembly in this embodiment, also illustrated in
FIG. 4 , further includes a second actuator, preferably astepper motor 226, to drive thedrum 310 laterally across the length of the work surface (direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the drum 310) preferably via alead screw 224. Thedrum 310 is preferably a smooth anodized aluminum drum onto which the sinterable powder is applied. An anodized aluminum drum provides thermal stability and durability although other thermally conductive and non-conductive materials may also be used. In the preferred embodiment, the circumference of thedrum 310 is equal to or greater than the length (direction perpendicular to drum axis) of object being constructed. In other embodiments, however, the drum may have a circumference smaller than the length of the working surface if the steps of applying the powder, imaging the powder, and depositing the sintered image are performed substantially concurrently as part of a continuous process. The outer surface of thedrum 310 may be coated with a nonstick surface such as TEFLON, for example, to inhibit the sintered image or the unsintered powder from unduly adhering to thedrum 310, to minimize heat loss into the drum during imaging, or to enable an electric field to be employed to aid powder adhesion. - The drum assembly may also include a temperature regulator (not shown) and drum heating element—preferably a tubular halogen lamp or
cartridge heater 802, for example, (seeFIG. 8A ) mounted internal to thedrum 310—adapted to heat thedrum 310 to a temperature substantially near, but lower than, the fusing point of the sinterable powder. In the preferred embodiment, the sinterable powder is a crystalline nylon powder and the temperature to which the outer surface of the drum is raised is between approximately 2 degrees Celsius and 15 degrees Celsius below the powder's melting point. A higher roller temperature is generally employed to facilitate relatively rapid sintering of the powder with minimal input energy from the imaging lamp system, although the 3DP system may be more susceptible to roller temperature variations and powder temperature variations that can result in unintentional sintering of powder on the roller. In contrast, the drum may be held at a lower temperature to improve sintered image quality, although the sintering process and overall object production may take longer. In some embodiments, the drum assembly further includes a transfixing heater 804 (seeFIG. 8A ) for heating the outer side of the sintered image immediately before the sintered image is deposited on the preceding sintered image of the object. Similarly, in some embodiments the heating element may also heat the top surface of the previously deposited sintered image of the object being formed. The transfixingheater 804—such as a halogen lamp, tungsten wire heater, or nichrome wire heater, for example—may be mounted on the assembly housing thedrum 310 in proximity to the drum and the platform assembly or work surface. In order to control the amount of heat applied to the surfaces to be adhered, the transfixing heater is preferably further includes an adjustable mask to limit the area of exposure for each surface. - The sintering assembly in the second preferred embodiment, also illustrated in
FIG. 5 , includes ahousing 232 andframe 338 supporting anincoherent energy source 330 whose energy is focused on or in proximity to thedrum 310 via areflector 230 or lens to provide a small area of concentrated heat. Theheat source 330 is preferably a halogen lamp with an axial filament whose long axis coincides with the focal axis of symmetry. The halogen lamp is available from Sylvania of Danvers, Mass., although any of a number of other heat sources may be used including tungsten bulbs and arc lamps. As illustrated in the cross sectional view ofFIG. 3 , thereflector 230 possesses a substantially elliptical cross section for purposes of optimizing the concentration of energy from theheat source 330. Asuitable reflector 230 is available from Melles Griot of Carlsbad, Calif., part #02 REM 001. In some embodiments, the sintering assembly further includes amask 502 with an adjustable aperture or plurality of selectable apertures for further controlling the spot size of the focal point which may be varied between approximately 10 and 200 mils in the second preferred embodiment. The design of themask 502 may also include a parabolic surface of revolution, for example, a Winston cone, that further concentrates the energy from theheat source 330 to produce a smaller spot, thus minimizing the power consumption and obviating the need—in this embodiment—for a laser energy source. In some embodiments, the sintering assembly further includes ashutter 504 interposed between theheat source 330 and drum 310 for effectively interrupting the energy beam. In embodiments where the aperture size can be selected and dynamically changed, the rate at which the heat source moves across the powder can be varied during construction of a sintered image or object to compensate for the changes in power incident at the focus. Theheat source 330 is preferably adapted to move co-parallel relative to the axis of thedrum 310 by means of an actuator, e.g., astepper motor 236, and alead screw 234. - In some alternative embodiments, the sintering assembly employs a laser or laser diode matched to an absorption band of the sinterable powder layer as a heat source. The sintering assembly may further include a steerable or rotating mirror in a fixed position that is adapted to aim the laser heat on the
drum 310, thereby obviating the need to sweep the sintering assembly over thedrum 310 and reducing the number of high precision actuators. - The platform assembly in the second preferred embodiment includes a horizontal build surface on which the first sintered layer is deposited and the complete object assembled. In the preferred embodiment, the
build surface 240 incorporates aheating pad 241A (discussed below) into the build surface on which the object is constructed from printed sintered images. The height of thebuild surface 240 is adjusted relative to thedrum 310 by means of ascissor lift 206 including twocross arms 242, alead screw 244 with left handed and right handed threads on either end, and an actuator, preferably astepper motor 246. Rotation of thelead screw 244 causes the twocross arms 242 to rotate toward or away from each other depending on the direction of rotation, thereby enabling thebuild surface 240 to ascend or descend, respectively. In some embodiments, thebuild surface 240 is adapted to rotate in the horizontal plane with respect to thescissor lift 206, thereby allowing thebuild surface 240 to be rotated to a random angle preceding the deposition of each sintered image to prevent the accumulation of repetitive errors or artifacts which, if uncorrected, may result in vertical non-uniformities or nonlinearities in the assembled object. One skilled in the art will appreciate that the orientation of the sintered image produced on thedrum 310 should reflect the same angular rotation as thebuild surface 240. - For each sintered image deposited, the height of the
build surface 240 relative to thedrum 310 is adjusted such that the top of the object being constructed is lower than thedrum 310 by a distance substantially equal to the thickness of a sintered image applied to the object. In this embodiment, the platform is lowered after each image is applied to the object, but, in another embodiment the height of the drum could be adjusted upward to compensate for the thickness of the object as the object is assembled. In some embodiments, thebuild surface 240 is the bottom of a object build vat having side walls (not shown) that contain both the object and the unsintered powder remaining after printing of sintered images, thereby providing a foundational support for portions of subsequent sintered images that have no object immediately below them. - The actuation of the stepper motors employed in the drum assembly, the sinter assembly, and the platform assembly are preferably cooperatively controlled by the
microprocessor 250 adapted to concurrently rotate thedrum 310 and translate the sinter assembly to deposit each of the plurality of cross-sections from which the object is constructed. - In some embodiments, the 3DP further includes a sinterable powder applicator to apply powder to the
drum 310 and one or moresinterable powder reservoirs 212 used to collect unsintered powder recovered from thedrum 310 and unsintered powder recovered from the work surface. Referring toFIGS. 2-3 andFIG. 6 , thepowder applicator 600 of this embodiment includes asinterable powder bin 210 from which sinterable powder is dispensed and applied to thedrum 310 using, for example, apowder conveyor belt 314 and pulleys 312. As demonstrated by the powder applicator schematics inFIGS. 7A-7C showing the formation of a sinterable powder layer,sinterable powder 710 is drawn frombin 210 as thepulleys 312 are turned and thebelt 314 advanced. An agitator (not shown) in or attached to thebin 210 may be employed to enhance the transfer of powder. The volume of sinterable powder dispensed by thebelt 314 is preferably precisely controlled by theadjustable gate 702 and the gap thereunder. As the powder falls off of the conveyor belt to the cavity above the applicator blade, the powder density is normalized to ensure uniform and repeatable density as the powder is applied to the drum regardless of how the powder was compacted in the powder bin. The dispensedpowder 712 accumulates against thedrum 310 and alayer control blade 706 used to regulate the thickness and uniformity of the powder applied to thedrum 310. Thecavity 708 created between theblade 706 and drum 310 is preferably wedge-shaped with a relatively wide upper gap to properly draw powder and a narrower lower gap to spread the powder uniformly across the width of thedrum 310—and preferably compact the powder to the proper density—as the drum is turned. The thickness of the sintered layer produced is preferably between 5 and 20 mils thick depending on the vertical resolution of the object required. As discussed above, the resultinglayer 714 of sinterable powder adheres to thedrum 310 due to the inherent tackiness induced by theheating lamp 802 therein. - In the preferred embodiment, the sinterable powder is a crystalline plastic powder such as Nylon #12 having an average particle size of 60 microns although this is subject to variation depending on the 3D printing requirements and the manufacturing method, for example. In some embodiments, the sinterable powder includes a distribution of two or more particle sizes, namely a first set of relatively large particles and a second set of relatively small particles where the diameter of the smaller particles is selected to substantially fill the inter-particle voids present between the larger particles, thereby increasing the density of the sintered powder and reducing the shrinkage of the object. The distribution of particle sizes, referred to herein as a modal distribution, may include a plurality of nominal particle size, each being successively smaller, to provide maximal powder density.
- In the alternative to Nylon #12, various other sinterable materials may also be employed including Nylon #11, Acrylate Butadiene Styrene (ABS), Polystyrene and other powders with a similar particle size. The sinterable powder may further include a radiation absorbent agent or dye that increases the effective absorptivity, which is substantially symmetric to the emissivity, of the powder in the wavelength band of radiation emitted by the heat source. For example when the heat source is visible light black or grey coloring agents may be employed to increase the powder's energy absorption, thereby increasing the rate at which the powder may be sintered and the object assembled. The radiation absorbent agent may also allow lower power incoherent energy sources including lamps as well as coherent energy sources including laser and laser diodes to be used as a sintering radiation source. In other embodiments using a laser or laser diode, the dye may be absorptive primarily in the narrow emission band of the laser.
- In some embodiments, the
3DP 200 is adapted to produce one or more sintered images from a sinterable powder including metal, for example. One exemplary product is distributed under the trade name METAL MATRIX PLASTIC by Hi-Temp Structures of Gardena, Calif. - In the second preferred embodiment illustrated in
FIG. 3 , the3DP 200 further includes one or more object heating elements, preferably including afirst heating pad 241 A and asecond heating pad 241B rotatably affixed to the platform assembly. Thefirst heating pad 241A contacts the bottom side of the object under construction. Thesecond heating pad 241B (discussed in more detail below) is generally placed in proximity to or in contact with the upper side of the object (not shown). Together or individually, thefirst heating pad 241A and asecond heating pad 241B elevate the temperature of the object for purposes of enhancing the bond between the next sintered image and the object and reducing temperature gradients in the part, therefore inhibiting internal stresses that may induce dimensional inaccuracies in the object. - The mechanical operations by which the
3DP 200 forms a sintered image and applies it to the object under construction is illustrated inFIGS. 8A-8D which are cross-sectional views drawn in perspective. Referring toFIG. 8A , sinterable powder sufficient for a single sintered layer is dispensed in bulk to thedrum 310 which resides in its home position in proximity to thebin 210. Thedrum 310 is rotated and the newly applied sinterable powder is formed into a layer as the drum is turned. Thecartridge heater 802 and transfixingheater 804 are clearly visible in the several views ofFIGS. 8A-8D . - The Referring to
FIG. 8B , thedrum 310 in this embodiment advances to a position coinciding with the focal point of the lamp assembly and portions of the powder layer are sintered to form one or more solid portions reflective of the associated model cross section. The focal spot may be swept over the drum surface in accordance with a raster pattern or in accordance with model vector data, for example, depending on the digital format of the model cross sectional data. In the preferred embodiment, a raster sequence and patterns are used to minimize internal stresses within an imaged layer. - Referring to
FIG. 8C , thedrum 310 with the sintered image is rotated while being driven to the right in this illustration moving it over the top of the platform. The gap between thedrum 310 and the work surface is less than or equal to the thickness of the sintered image—preferably substantially equal to the thickness of the sintered image—and the drum rotated such that the sintered image being deposited on the work surface is stationary with respect to the work surface to prevent slippage or displacement of the object under construction. When the gap between thedrum 310 and the work surface is less than the thickness of the sintered image, the pressure exerted on the sintered image may improve the fusion between the image and object as well as increase the density of the object. - In some embodiments, the
3DP 200 further includes a layer thickness control processor, which may be embodied in themicroprocessor 250 or a separate processor, that dynamically controls the thickness of the object being constructed as the sintered image is applied to the object. The layer thickness control processor preferably detects the thickness of the entire object or one or more sintered images as the object is being built and, using feedback, changes the thickness of the sinterable powder applied to thedrum 310 or alters the pressure used to weld a sintered image to the object. The pressure may be controlled, for example, by altering the interference gap between thedrum 310 and work surface so that translation of the drum across the work surface induces pressure that enhances the weld between the sintered image and object. In other embodiments, the layer thickness control processor controls the time and temperature of the pressure applied between the drum and object to achieve the desired layer density and to ensure bonding. In particular, the layer thickness control processor is adapted to vary the speed and temperature with which thedrum 310 is translated across the work surface between image layers to normalize the image thickness and provide optimal bond quality. The transfixingheater 804 is preferably enabled as thedrum 310 traverses the length of the work surface. - At the distended drum position to the right of the platform illustrated in
FIG. 8D , ascraper 354 or brush, for example, is placed in contact with thedrum 310 while the drum is turned against the scraper to remove any remaining powder or debris. The angle between thescraper 354 and thedrum 310 is preferably between 0 and 45 degrees and the rate at which the drum is turned is preferably between 10 and 100 inches per minute. In some embodiments, the3DP 200 further includes a powder reservoir (not shown) to collect the powder or debris removed by thescraper 354. In the alternative, an electric field and corona wire with a high potential difference with respect to thedrum 310 may also be used to remove excess powder from the drum. - The
drum 310 is returned to its home position, the work surface cleaned to remove excess unsintered powder, the build platform lowered by thescissor lift 206 to compensate for the thickness of the newly applied sintered image, the heating pad reapplied to the object under construction, and the process described above repeated until the object is completed. In the second preferred embodiment, the means for cleaning or otherwise preparing the work surface includes a retractablerotary brush 352 incorporated into the drum assembly so that it may track thedrum 310 as it traverses the work surface. In the preferred embodiment, thebrush 352 is distended below thedrum 310 before returning to its home position to left in the example illustrations ofFIGS. 8A-8D , and a cylindrical brush head makes contact with the object and rotates clockwise to clear away loose powder from the work surface or to level the unsintered powder to the level of the newly deposited sintered image. The retractablerotary brush 352 assumes a retracted configuration as the drum passes left to right, as illustrated, depositing a sintered image so as to avoid disturbing the newly deposited image before it has cooled sufficiently. - In some other embodiments, the material removal mechanism for cleaning the work surface includes a vacuum, a conductor for drawing powder off the work surface using electrostatic attraction, a non-retractable brush, a blower for providing high velocity air, or a combination thereof. A non-retractable brush connected to the
drum 310 may have a brush head, for example, adapted to maintain an interference with the work surface in order to sweep the work surface immediately after the image is transferred. In still other embodiments, the 3D printer further includes object cooling means for directing air, for example over the object to accelerate the rate at which a newly deposited sintered image is cooled, thereby allowing the object to be cleaned by abrush 352 immediately before and after the image is deposited, i.e., as thedrum 310 traverses the work surface to the left and to the right. - As discussed above, the
3DP 200 in some embodiments includes asecond heating pad 241B andcorresponding support frame 208 rotatably attached to the drum assembly. Thesecond heating pad 241B, also referred to as a “hot pad,” is adapted to elevate and or maintain the temperature of the upper side of the object until the next sintered image is applied. As shown inFIGS. 8D and 8A , thepad 241B andframe 208 rotate up to provide clearance for thedrum 310 as an image is deposited onto the object and then rotate back down to a point where it is in contact with the object as thedrum 310 returns to its home position and the work surface is cleaned of unsintered powder. When in contact with the object, thesecond heating pad 241B raises the upper surface of the object to within several degrees of its melting point. This serves to reduce the amount of energy that must be added to weld the next sintered image to the object, to enhance the bond between the next sintered image and the object, and to preserve the dimensional uniformity of the upper surface of the object which is prone to dimensional distortion from internal stresses caused by temperature gradients. - In some embodiments, the
second heating pad 241B also cooperates with a pressure sensing mechanism (not shown) and the layer thickness control processor (discussed above) to apply a determined heat and pressure to the top of the previously formed object with the deposition of each layer during the three dimensional printing process. The thickness of the newly deposited sintered image may be reduced by raising thebuild surface 240 on which the object is constructed to compress the top layer of the object against thesecond heating pad 241B with a determined force. The object is generally held against thesecond heating pad 241B during the formation of the next layer, which is enough time for the curl forces to relax and or the layer thickness adjusted. As one skilled in the art will appreciate, the pressure sensing mechanism may also be used to dynamically control the drum to object gap, that is, the pressure sensing mechanism is used to determined the actual height of the object and therefore the distance that the build platform must be lowered to achieve the optimum gap before application of the next sintered layer. - In some embodiments, the
3DP 200 includes a layer processing surface other than aprocessing drum 310 to form an individual sintered layer. The layer processing surface may be, for example, a planar surface on which the sintered layer is formed before being pressed or otherwise stamped onto the work surface on the platform assembly. - In some embodiments, the
drum 310 andsinterable powder bin 210 are provided as a removable and replaceable unit to enable the user to easily remove and replace or repair the unit. Thesinterable powder bin 210 is preferably a sealed or tamper resistant container analogous to toner cartridges. - In a third preferred embodiment of the 3DP, the object is constructed from sintered images that are sintered in the build vat in which the object is constructed. The 3DP may further include a second vat (not shown), namely a powder vat the supplies powder to the assembly vat to build the object. Both vats are also heated to a temperature just below the melting point of the powder to, for example, reduce the amount of energy needed to melt the powder.
- The height of the work surface in the build vat is held substantially level with the height of the powder in the powder vat to facilitate the distribution of powder to the build vat. In the preferred embodiment, the build vat is made to descend and the powder vat made to ascend in proportion to one another. The height of each of the vats is preferably controlled by a separate scissor lift operably coupled to a microprocessor. A powder roller is used to move a layer of powder from the powder vat to the build vat and distribute it with uniform thickness and density. The powder layers deposited in the build vat are approximately 5-20 mils in thickness. In the third preferred embodiment, the roller is attached to the same sinter assembly to take advantage of the existing actuators, although it may also be mounted to a separate control mechanism.
- The sinter assembly preferably includes an inexpensive incoherent energy source adapted to provide focused heat to sinter the uppermost layer of powder in the build vat. The heat source preferably includes an elliptical reflector and or a Winston cone. As with the second embodiment, the sinter assembly may further use a mask with a hole for controlling the spot size of the beam, and a shutter for interrupting the beam. An example spot size in this example is approximately 30-70 mils. In contrast to the second embodiment, the focal point coincides with the upper most layer of sinterable powder in the build vat and the sintered image created by sweeping the sinter assembly across the width and length of the build vat in accordance with the associated cross-sectional layer of the model.
- Illustrated in
FIG. 9A-9E are cross sectional diagrams demonstrating the formation of an object using a partially sintered support structure. A partially sintered support structure as used herein refers to a laminar structure that is built of sinterable powder concurrently with the object being assembled to provide structural support, during assembly, for portions of the object that project or overhang with respect to the preceding layer of sintered powder. The partially sintered support structure may be used in the present invention and other rapid prototyping application where unimaged sinterable powder is removed from the work surface after the imaged layer is transferred to the previous layer of the object being assembled. A support structure generally comprises two portions including (1) a substantially rigid portion that is sintered with the same energy density as the object being assembled and (2) an interface portion sintered with less energy than the object to provide a detachable boundary between the rigid portion and object. - Referring to an exemplary structure and object, shown in cross section
FIG. 9A , thesupport structure 900 being assembled comprises a plurality of layers 901-905 of sintered powder which may include one or more layers 901-902 deposited before the first layer of the object. The thirdsintered image layer 903 is produced with a substantiallyrigid portion 920 as well as aninterface portion 930 in proximity to the firstsintered image layer 951 of the object being assembled. The fourthsintered image layer 904 is produced with a substantiallyrigid portion 921 and aninterface portion 931 adjacent to the firstsintered image layer 951 of the object. The fifthsintered image layer 905 includes a substantiallyrigid portion 922, aninterface portion 932 as well as the firstsintered image layer 951 of the object. The base layers 901-902 and substantially rigid portion 920-922 are fused with the same energy per unit area per unit time as the object being assembled including the firstsintered image layer 951. - The interface portions 930-932 are fused with the less energy per unit area per unit time than the layers of the object. In the preferred embodiment, the interface portions 930-932 are sintered by subjecting sinterable powder in the region of the interface to the radiant energy source for a shorter period of time than the regions of the object and rigid portions. The radiant energy source may be made to traverse the drum and draw, i.e., sinter, the region of the interface at a rate that is 40 to 100 percent faster than the regions associated with the object, for example, thereby making the interface portion weaker than the part and support structure. In general, the particles of sinterable powder associated with the interface portion are fused to a lesser degree than the particles of the object or rigid portion, thereby giving rise to a difference in density that makes the interface relatively weak structurally.
- Referring to the cross section of
FIG. 9B , the additional layers of the object and of thesupport structure 900 are concurrently imaged and transferred. The completedsupport structure 900 includes base layers 901-902, rigid portions 920-924, as well as interface portions 930-935. As illustrated, the rigid portions 920-924 and interface portions 930-935 are adapted to conform to the contours of the object being assembled, which is a sphere in the present example. In particular, the layers of thesupport structure 900 enable a layer of the object to be effectively transferred with little or no distortion even where the layer being transferred projects beyond or is cantilevered with respect to the preceding object layers, which is true of each of the object layers 951-956. Thereafter, the remaining layers 957-958 of the object are printed and transferred to the object being assembled (seeFIG. 9C ), the completedobject 950 separated from thesupport structure 900 at a boundary defined by the interface portion 931-936 (seeFIG. 9D ), and the interface portion removed to reveal the completed object 950 (seeFIG. 9E ). - Referring to
FIGS. 10A-10C , theobject 950 ofFIG. 9A-9E may be constructed from layers having optimized border and fill patterns to increase the build speed, reduce internal stresses that lead to dimensional inaccuracies, and make the part less brittle, i.e., more durable. In particular, the region within theborder 106 of thesintered image 1000 is generated from a plurality of parallel sections of rigidly fusedsintered powder 1002 separated by sections ofunsintered powder 1004. The succeedingsintered image 1010 may have aborder 1016 and an open fill pattern including parallel sections of rigidly fusedsintered powder 1012 and sections ofunsintered powder 1014 having an orientation rotated by 90 degrees with respect to the preceding layer. In the preferred embodiment, each of the parallel sections of rigidly fusedsintered powder 1002 forming the fill pattern are preferably generated by selecting an aperture for the heat source to produce the largest spot size possible that the particular area of the image being sintered will allow. This will significantly reduce the time required to produce the image and therefore the object. The width and spacing of the parallel sections of rigidly fusedsintered powder borders - Illustrated in
FIGS. 11A-11B is a layer thickness reference (LTR)wall 1110 used to accurately deposit and correct the height of the object being assembled. Thewall 1110 is built layer by layer concurrently with theobject 950 and is made from fully fused sintered powder. The height of theupper surface wall 1110 having a consistent geometry, is generally more uniform than the height of the object, which may become non-planar if minor errors in layer thickness are permitted to accumulate. Theupper surface 1112 of thewall 1110 may therefore be used as a guide for a material removal mechanism, preferably ascraper blade 1120, also referred to as a doctor blade, that is passed across theobject 950 to shave or otherwise remove high spots, thereby yielding a uniformlyplanar surface 1102 at a predetermined height. Thesubsequent sintered image 1104 andwall layer 1122 is then deposited and thescraper blade 1120 passed over theupper surface 1106 again to correct any non-uniformities. The process may be repeated for each layer of the object being assembled. Although thescraper blade 1120 requires as few as one or two sides of thewall 1110 parallel to the direction of travel, a wall that fully encircles the object being assemble further serves to retain unsintered powder for purposes of providing underlying support for subsequent sintered images. - Although the description above contains many specifications, these should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention but as merely providing illustrations of some of the presently preferred embodiments of this invention.
- Therefore, the invention has been disclosed by way of example and not limitation, and reference should be made to the following claims to determine the scope of the present invention.
Claims (17)
1. A method of building an object from a plurality of cross sectional layers with a three-dimensional printer (3DP), the method comprising:
sintering at least one first layer of sinterable powder with a first energy density level;
partially sintering at least one second layer of sinterable powder with a second energy density level less than the first energy density level; and
sintering at least one third layer of sinterable powder with a third energy density level greater than the second energy density level to form one or more of the plurality of cross sectional layers.
2. The method in claim 1 , wherein the method comprises:
generating a substantially rigid support from the at least one first layer;
generating an interface from the at least one second layer; and
generating the object from the at least one third layer.
3. The method in claim 2 , wherein the interface is configured to be weaker than both the object and rigid support, thereby permitting the object to be separated from the support.
4. The method in claim 3 , wherein:
the at least one first layer of sinterable powder is a bulk layer of powder sintered on a first surface;
the at least one second layer of sinterable powder is a bulk layer of sinterable powder sintered on the first surface; and
the at least one third layer of sinterable powder is a bulk layer of powder sintered on the first surface.
5. The method in claim 4 , wherein the first surface comprises a drum.
6. The method in claim 4 , wherein the sinterable powder of the first layer, second layer, and third layer comprises a sinterable polymer.
7. The method in claim 4 , wherein the first layer, second layer, and third layer are sintered with a halogen lamp.
8. A method of generating an object from a plurality of cross sections with a three-dimensional printer (3DP), the method comprising:
generating a plurality of images, each image being sintered from a portion of a bulk layer of sinterable powder on a first surface;
stacking a first set of the plurality of images to form a substantially rigid support;
stacking a second set of the plurality of images on the rigid support to form the object; and
removing unsintered powder after sintering one or more of the plurality of bulk layers and before stacking a next one of the plurality of images.
9. The method of claim 8 , further comprising:
generating one or more interface images formed from a bulk layer of sinterable powder; and
stacking the one or more interface images directly on the rigid support.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein each of the one or more interface images is partially sintered from a portion of the bulk layer of sinterable powder on the first surface.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the one or more interface images are partially sintered with a first energy density level, and the second set of images from which the object is formed are sintered with a second energy density level, wherein the second energy density level is greater than the first energy density level.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the first set of images from which the rigid support is formed are sintered with a third energy density level, wherein the third energy density level is greater than the first energy density level.
13. A three-dimensional printer (3DP) adapted to generate an object assembled from a plurality of cross sections, comprising:
a first surface configured to receive a bulk layer of sinterable powder;
a focused radiant energy source configured to selectively fuse a portion of the layer of sinterable powder on the first surface into a sintered image, the sintered image corresponding to one of said cross sections;
a transfer mechanism adapted to transfer the sintered image from the first surface to the object being assembled; and
a controller configured to transfer one or more sintered images to generate:
a) a support structure comprising a substantially rigid portion; and
b) the object on the rigid portion.
14. The 3DP of claim 13 , wherein the controller is further configured to transfer one or more interface layers directly on the rigid support, and generate the object directly on the one or more interface layers.
15. The 3DP of claim 13 , wherein the one or more interface layers transferred directly on the rigid support comprise unsintered powder.
16. The 3DP of claim 14 , wherein the one or more interface layers are selectively fused with an energy density less than an energy density used to fuse sintered images that form the object.
17. A method of building an object from a plurality of cross sectional layers with a three-dimensional printer (3DP), the method comprising:
generating a rigid support from a first set of one or more sintered images formed from sinterable powder;
generating an interface from a second set of one or more layers of unsintered power transferred to the rigid support; and
generating the object from a third set of one or more sintered images formed from sinterable powder.
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/890,984 US20080036117A1 (en) | 2004-03-18 | 2007-08-08 | Apparatus for three dimensional printing using imaged layers |
US11/998,151 US8119053B1 (en) | 2004-03-18 | 2007-11-28 | Apparatus for three dimensional printing using imaged layers |
US12/796,041 US20100244333A1 (en) | 2004-03-18 | 2010-06-08 | Apparatus for Three Dimensional Printing Using Imaged Layers |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US55425104P | 2004-03-18 | 2004-03-18 | |
US11/078,894 US7261542B2 (en) | 2004-03-18 | 2005-03-11 | Apparatus for three dimensional printing using image layers |
US11/890,984 US20080036117A1 (en) | 2004-03-18 | 2007-08-08 | Apparatus for three dimensional printing using imaged layers |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/078,894 Continuation US7261542B2 (en) | 2004-03-18 | 2005-03-11 | Apparatus for three dimensional printing using image layers |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/998,151 Continuation-In-Part US8119053B1 (en) | 2004-03-18 | 2007-11-28 | Apparatus for three dimensional printing using imaged layers |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20080036117A1 true US20080036117A1 (en) | 2008-02-14 |
Family
ID=34986614
Family Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/078,894 Active 2025-07-21 US7261542B2 (en) | 2004-03-18 | 2005-03-11 | Apparatus for three dimensional printing using image layers |
US11/890,984 Abandoned US20080036117A1 (en) | 2004-03-18 | 2007-08-08 | Apparatus for three dimensional printing using imaged layers |
US12/796,041 Abandoned US20100244333A1 (en) | 2004-03-18 | 2010-06-08 | Apparatus for Three Dimensional Printing Using Imaged Layers |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/078,894 Active 2025-07-21 US7261542B2 (en) | 2004-03-18 | 2005-03-11 | Apparatus for three dimensional printing using image layers |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12/796,041 Abandoned US20100244333A1 (en) | 2004-03-18 | 2010-06-08 | Apparatus for Three Dimensional Printing Using Imaged Layers |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (3) | US7261542B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1735133B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2007529349A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE516128T1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2005089463A2 (en) |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20060118532A1 (en) * | 2004-12-07 | 2006-06-08 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Controlled cooling methods and apparatus for laser sintering part-cake |
US20100043698A1 (en) * | 2007-02-23 | 2010-02-25 | The Ex One Company,LLC | Replaceable build box for three dimensional printer |
US8137609B2 (en) | 2008-12-18 | 2012-03-20 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Apparatus and method for cooling part cake in laser sintering |
CN103331817A (en) * | 2013-07-01 | 2013-10-02 | 北京交通大学 | 3D (Three-dimensional) printing method of engineering structure |
WO2015200280A1 (en) * | 2014-06-23 | 2015-12-30 | Applied Cavitation, Inc. | Systems and methods for additive manufacturing using ceramic materials |
US9776363B2 (en) | 2013-11-15 | 2017-10-03 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Three-dimensional modeling head and three-dimensional modeling device |
US9931785B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2018-04-03 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Chute for laser sintering systems |
WO2017192859A3 (en) * | 2016-05-04 | 2018-07-26 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Method for forming a three-dimensional body having regions of different densities |
US10632732B2 (en) | 2016-11-08 | 2020-04-28 | 3Dbotics, Inc. | Method and apparatus for making three-dimensional objects using a dynamically adjustable retaining barrier |
US10953597B2 (en) | 2017-07-21 | 2021-03-23 | Saint-Gobain Performance Plastics Corporation | Method of forming a three-dimensional body |
US11285540B2 (en) * | 2020-03-06 | 2022-03-29 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | Method for manufacturing parts or devices and forming transition layers facilitating removal of parts and devices from build-plates |
Families Citing this family (205)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10130968B4 (en) * | 2001-06-27 | 2009-08-20 | Envisiontec Gmbh | Coated polymeric material, its use and process for its preparation |
US20070151097A1 (en) * | 2003-03-19 | 2007-07-05 | Dimitri Philippou | Assembling system |
DE102004022606A1 (en) | 2004-05-07 | 2005-12-15 | Envisiontec Gmbh | Method for producing a three-dimensional object with improved separation of hardened material layers from a building level |
EP1894705B1 (en) | 2004-05-10 | 2010-08-25 | Envisiontec GmbH | Method and device for creating a three dimensional object with resolution enhancement by means of pixel shift |
DE102004022961B4 (en) * | 2004-05-10 | 2008-11-20 | Envisiontec Gmbh | Method for producing a three-dimensional object with resolution improvement by means of pixel shift |
DE102004062761A1 (en) * | 2004-12-21 | 2006-06-22 | Degussa Ag | Use of polyarylene ether ketone powder in a three-dimensional powder-based tool-less production process, and moldings produced therefrom |
US7730746B1 (en) | 2005-07-14 | 2010-06-08 | Imaging Systems Technology | Apparatus to prepare discrete hollow microsphere droplets |
US8267683B2 (en) * | 2005-07-27 | 2012-09-18 | Shofu Inc. | Apparatus for forming layered object |
DE102006019963B4 (en) | 2006-04-28 | 2023-12-07 | Envisiontec Gmbh | Device and method for producing a three-dimensional object by layer-by-layer solidifying a material that can be solidified under the influence of electromagnetic radiation using mask exposure |
DE102006019964C5 (en) * | 2006-04-28 | 2021-08-26 | Envisiontec Gmbh | Device and method for producing a three-dimensional object by means of mask exposure |
US7931460B2 (en) * | 2006-05-03 | 2011-04-26 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Material delivery system for use in solid imaging |
US7467939B2 (en) * | 2006-05-03 | 2008-12-23 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Material delivery tension and tracking system for use in solid imaging |
US7979152B2 (en) | 2006-05-26 | 2011-07-12 | Z Corporation | Apparatus and methods for handling materials in a 3-D printer |
EP1876012A1 (en) * | 2006-07-07 | 2008-01-09 | Nederlandse Organisatie voor Toegepast-Natuuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek TNO | System and method for producing a tangible object |
US7636610B2 (en) * | 2006-07-19 | 2009-12-22 | Envisiontec Gmbh | Method and device for producing a three-dimensional object, and computer and data carrier useful therefor |
US8247492B2 (en) | 2006-11-09 | 2012-08-21 | Valspar Sourcing, Inc. | Polyester powder compositions, methods and articles |
JP5383496B2 (en) * | 2006-11-09 | 2014-01-08 | ヴァルスパー・ソーシング・インコーポレーテッド | Powder composition and method for producing articles therefrom |
US7892474B2 (en) | 2006-11-15 | 2011-02-22 | Envisiontec Gmbh | Continuous generative process for producing a three-dimensional object |
WO2008067496A2 (en) * | 2006-11-29 | 2008-06-05 | Desktop Factory Inc. | Sinterable powder |
US8003039B2 (en) | 2007-01-17 | 2011-08-23 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Method for tilting solid image build platform for reducing air entrainment and for build release |
US7706910B2 (en) * | 2007-01-17 | 2010-04-27 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Imager assembly and method for solid imaging |
US20080170112A1 (en) * | 2007-01-17 | 2008-07-17 | Hull Charles W | Build pad, solid image build, and method for building build supports |
US7731887B2 (en) * | 2007-01-17 | 2010-06-08 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Method for removing excess uncured build material in solid imaging |
US7614866B2 (en) * | 2007-01-17 | 2009-11-10 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Solid imaging apparatus and method |
US20080181977A1 (en) * | 2007-01-17 | 2008-07-31 | Sperry Charles R | Brush assembly for removal of excess uncured build material |
US8221671B2 (en) * | 2007-01-17 | 2012-07-17 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Imager and method for consistent repeatable alignment in a solid imaging apparatus |
US7771183B2 (en) * | 2007-01-17 | 2010-08-10 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Solid imaging system with removal of excess uncured build material |
US20080226346A1 (en) * | 2007-01-17 | 2008-09-18 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Inkjet Solid Imaging System and Method for Solid Imaging |
US8105066B2 (en) * | 2007-01-17 | 2012-01-31 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Cartridge for solid imaging apparatus and method |
DK2011631T3 (en) * | 2007-07-04 | 2012-06-25 | Envisiontec Gmbh | Method and apparatus for making a three-dimensional object |
DK2052693T4 (en) | 2007-10-26 | 2021-03-15 | Envisiontec Gmbh | Process and free-form manufacturing system to produce a three-dimensional object |
CN101883672B (en) * | 2007-11-29 | 2014-03-12 | 3M创新有限公司 | Three-dimensional fabrication |
US9789540B2 (en) * | 2008-02-13 | 2017-10-17 | Materials Solutions Limited | Method of forming an article |
EP2265673B1 (en) | 2008-03-14 | 2019-05-08 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Powder compositions and methods of manufacturing articles therefrom |
US8666142B2 (en) * | 2008-11-18 | 2014-03-04 | Global Filtration Systems | System and method for manufacturing |
US8678805B2 (en) | 2008-12-22 | 2014-03-25 | Dsm Ip Assets Bv | System and method for layerwise production of a tangible object |
CN102325645B (en) | 2008-12-22 | 2015-07-15 | 3D系统公司 | Polyester powder compositions, methods and articles |
US8777602B2 (en) * | 2008-12-22 | 2014-07-15 | Nederlandse Organisatie Voor Tobgepast-Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek TNO | Method and apparatus for layerwise production of a 3D object |
US8905739B2 (en) | 2008-12-22 | 2014-12-09 | Nederlandse Organisatie Voor Toegepast-Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek Tno | Method and apparatus for layerwise production of a 3D object |
US20110122381A1 (en) * | 2009-11-25 | 2011-05-26 | Kevin Hickerson | Imaging Assembly |
JP5792720B2 (en) | 2009-07-06 | 2015-10-14 | スリーディー システムズ インコーポレーテッド | Imaging assembly |
AU2010278663B2 (en) * | 2009-07-29 | 2016-03-03 | Zydex Pty Ltd | 3D printing on a rotating cylindrical surface |
GB0917936D0 (en) | 2009-10-13 | 2009-11-25 | 3D Printer Aps | Three-dimensional printer |
US8372330B2 (en) | 2009-10-19 | 2013-02-12 | Global Filtration Systems | Resin solidification substrate and assembly |
DE202009018948U1 (en) * | 2009-12-02 | 2014-10-10 | Exone Gmbh | Plant for the layered construction of a molding with a coater cleaning device |
US8668859B2 (en) * | 2010-08-18 | 2014-03-11 | Makerbot Industries, Llc | Automated 3D build processes |
US8562324B2 (en) | 2010-08-18 | 2013-10-22 | Makerbot Industries, Llc | Networked three-dimensional printing |
EP2670572B1 (en) | 2011-01-31 | 2022-09-21 | Global Filtration Systems, A DBA of Gulf Filtration Systems Inc. | Apparatus for making three-dimensional objects from multiple solidifiable materials |
WO2012140658A2 (en) * | 2011-04-10 | 2012-10-18 | Objet Ltd. | System and method for layer by layer printing of an object with support |
FR2974316B1 (en) * | 2011-04-19 | 2015-10-09 | Phenix Systems | PROCESS FOR PRODUCING AN OBJECT BY SOLIDIFYING A POWDER USING A LASER |
DK2726264T3 (en) | 2011-06-28 | 2017-02-27 | Global Filtration Systems Dba Gulf Filtration Systems Inc | Apparatus for forming three-dimensional objects using an ultraviolet laser diode |
US9075409B2 (en) | 2011-06-28 | 2015-07-07 | Global Filtration Systems | Apparatus and method for forming three-dimensional objects using linear solidification |
GB2493398B (en) * | 2011-08-05 | 2016-07-27 | Univ Loughborough | Methods and apparatus for selectively combining particulate material |
GB2493538A (en) * | 2011-08-10 | 2013-02-13 | Bae Systems Plc | Forming a structure by added layer manufacture |
GB2493537A (en) * | 2011-08-10 | 2013-02-13 | Bae Systems Plc | Forming a layered structure |
US8488994B2 (en) | 2011-09-23 | 2013-07-16 | Stratasys, Inc. | Electrophotography-based additive manufacturing system with transfer-medium service loops |
US9885987B2 (en) | 2011-09-23 | 2018-02-06 | Stratasys, Inc. | Layer transfusion for additive manufacturing |
US20130186558A1 (en) | 2011-09-23 | 2013-07-25 | Stratasys, Inc. | Layer transfusion with heat capacitor belt for additive manufacturing |
US8879957B2 (en) | 2011-09-23 | 2014-11-04 | Stratasys, Inc. | Electrophotography-based additive manufacturing system with reciprocating operation |
DE102011089194A1 (en) * | 2011-12-20 | 2013-06-20 | BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung | Method of manufacturing a compact component and component that can be produced by the method |
US8545945B2 (en) * | 2012-01-27 | 2013-10-01 | Indian Institute Of Technology Kanpur | Micropattern generation with pulsed laser diffraction |
WO2014014977A2 (en) * | 2012-07-18 | 2014-01-23 | Tow Adam P | Systems and methods for manufacturing of multi-property anatomically customized devices |
US8888480B2 (en) | 2012-09-05 | 2014-11-18 | Aprecia Pharmaceuticals Company | Three-dimensional printing system and equipment assembly |
KR101572009B1 (en) * | 2012-09-05 | 2015-11-25 | 아프레시아 파마슈티칼스 컴퍼니 | Three-dimensional printing system and equipment assembly |
US9034237B2 (en) | 2012-09-25 | 2015-05-19 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Solid imaging systems, components thereof, and methods of solid imaging |
WO2014062972A1 (en) * | 2012-10-18 | 2014-04-24 | Kla-Tencor Corporation | Symmetric target design in scatterometry overlay metrology |
EP2737965A1 (en) * | 2012-12-01 | 2014-06-04 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Method for manufacturing a metallic component by additive laser manufacturing |
WO2014094882A1 (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2014-06-26 | European Space Agency | Additive manufacturing method using focused light heating source |
EP2746319B1 (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2015-09-09 | Materialise N.V. | Method for manufacturing objects by selective sintering |
WO2014128255A1 (en) | 2013-02-25 | 2014-08-28 | Blueprinter Aps | Three-dimensional printer |
WO2014165643A2 (en) | 2013-04-04 | 2014-10-09 | Global Filtration Systems, A Dba Of Gulf Filtration Systems Inc. | Apparatus and method for forming three-dimensional objects using linear solidification with travel axis correction and power control |
GB201308565D0 (en) | 2013-05-13 | 2013-06-19 | Blueprinter Aps | Three-dimensional printer |
CN103332017B (en) * | 2013-07-01 | 2015-08-26 | 珠海天威飞马打印耗材有限公司 | Three-dimensional printer and Method of printing thereof |
US9604412B2 (en) | 2013-07-12 | 2017-03-28 | Xerox Corporation | Digital manufacturing system for printing three-dimensional objects on a rotating surface |
US9701064B2 (en) | 2013-07-15 | 2017-07-11 | Xerox Corporation | Digital manufacturing system for printing three-dimensional objects on a rotating core |
US9029058B2 (en) | 2013-07-17 | 2015-05-12 | Stratasys, Inc. | Soluble support material for electrophotography-based additive manufacturing |
US9523934B2 (en) * | 2013-07-17 | 2016-12-20 | Stratasys, Inc. | Engineering-grade consumable materials for electrophotography-based additive manufacturing |
US9144940B2 (en) | 2013-07-17 | 2015-09-29 | Stratasys, Inc. | Method for printing 3D parts and support structures with electrophotography-based additive manufacturing |
US9023566B2 (en) | 2013-07-17 | 2015-05-05 | Stratasys, Inc. | ABS part material for electrophotography-based additive manufacturing |
US9969930B2 (en) | 2013-08-15 | 2018-05-15 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Additive fabrication of proppants |
US9636871B2 (en) | 2013-08-21 | 2017-05-02 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Optimizing 3D printing using segmentation or aggregation |
CN103522547B (en) * | 2013-09-26 | 2015-07-01 | 上海大学 | Numerically-controlled machine tool power-driven 3D (three dimensional) printing head component and method for manufacturing three-dimensional support |
US20150102531A1 (en) | 2013-10-11 | 2015-04-16 | Global Filtration Systems, A Dba Of Gulf Filtration Systems Inc. | Apparatus and method for forming three-dimensional objects using a curved build platform |
US9545302B2 (en) | 2013-11-20 | 2017-01-17 | Dermagenesis Llc | Skin printing and auto-grafting |
US9586364B2 (en) | 2013-11-27 | 2017-03-07 | Global Filtration Systems | Apparatus and method for forming three-dimensional objects using linear solidification with contourless object data |
CN103639412B (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2017-03-15 | 王利民 | A kind of 3D printer |
CN103815992B (en) * | 2014-01-15 | 2016-01-13 | 浙江大学 | A kind of 3D printing equipment of multiple branch circuit three-dimensional biological structure and Method of printing |
WO2015108550A1 (en) * | 2014-01-16 | 2015-07-23 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Generating three-dimensional objects |
DK3094469T3 (en) | 2014-01-16 | 2019-12-16 | Hewlett Packard Development Co | GENERATION OF A THREE-DIMENSIONAL ITEM |
RU2650155C2 (en) | 2014-01-16 | 2018-04-09 | Хьюлетт-Паккард Дивелопмент Компани, Л.П. | Formation of three-dimensional objects |
EP3094669B1 (en) * | 2014-01-16 | 2022-11-23 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Polymeric powder composition for three-dimensional (3d) printing |
JP6570542B2 (en) | 2014-01-16 | 2019-09-04 | ヒューレット−パッカード デベロップメント カンパニー エル.ピー.Hewlett‐Packard Development Company, L.P. | 3D object generation |
WO2015108543A1 (en) | 2014-01-16 | 2015-07-23 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Three-dimensional (3d) printing method |
US20170203513A1 (en) | 2014-01-16 | 2017-07-20 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Generating a three-dimensional object |
US9527244B2 (en) | 2014-02-10 | 2016-12-27 | Global Filtration Systems | Apparatus and method for forming three-dimensional objects from solidifiable paste |
US10144205B2 (en) | 2014-02-20 | 2018-12-04 | Global Filtration Systems | Apparatus and method for forming three-dimensional objects using a tilting solidification substrate |
US10011076B2 (en) | 2014-02-20 | 2018-07-03 | Global Filtration Systems | Apparatus and method for forming three-dimensional objects using a tilting solidification substrate |
US11104117B2 (en) | 2014-02-20 | 2021-08-31 | Global Filtration Systems | Apparatus and method for forming three-dimensional objects using a tilting solidification substrate |
US10011071B2 (en) | 2014-03-18 | 2018-07-03 | Evolve Additive Solutions, Inc. | Additive manufacturing using density feedback control |
US9643357B2 (en) | 2014-03-18 | 2017-05-09 | Stratasys, Inc. | Electrophotography-based additive manufacturing with powder density detection and utilization |
US9868255B2 (en) | 2014-03-18 | 2018-01-16 | Stratasys, Inc. | Electrophotography-based additive manufacturing with pre-sintering |
US10144175B2 (en) | 2014-03-18 | 2018-12-04 | Evolve Additive Solutions, Inc. | Electrophotography-based additive manufacturing with solvent-assisted planarization |
US9770869B2 (en) | 2014-03-18 | 2017-09-26 | Stratasys, Inc. | Additive manufacturing with virtual planarization control |
US9919479B2 (en) | 2014-04-01 | 2018-03-20 | Stratasys, Inc. | Registration and overlay error correction of electrophotographically formed elements in an additive manufacturing system |
US9688027B2 (en) | 2014-04-01 | 2017-06-27 | Stratasys, Inc. | Electrophotography-based additive manufacturing with overlay control |
US20170182680A1 (en) * | 2014-04-30 | 2017-06-29 | Cummins Inc. | Creation of injection molds via additive manufacturing |
US20150314532A1 (en) * | 2014-05-01 | 2015-11-05 | BlueBox 3D, LLC | Increased inter-layer bonding in 3d printing |
BE1022586B1 (en) * | 2014-06-18 | 2016-06-10 | Cenat Bvba | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR ADDITIVE PRODUCTION |
CA2952633C (en) | 2014-06-20 | 2018-03-06 | Velo3D, Inc. | Apparatuses, systems and methods for three-dimensional printing |
CN104260342A (en) * | 2014-08-25 | 2015-01-07 | 丹阳惠达模具材料科技有限公司 | A high-temperature preheating device used for 3D printing equipment |
US10543672B2 (en) | 2014-09-02 | 2020-01-28 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Additive manufacturing for an overhang |
WO2016053364A1 (en) | 2014-09-29 | 2016-04-07 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L. P. | Generating three-dimensional objects and generating images on substrates |
US10730242B2 (en) | 2014-10-03 | 2020-08-04 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Controlling temperature in an apparatus for generating a three-dimensional object |
JP2016104550A (en) * | 2014-12-01 | 2016-06-09 | 株式会社リコー | Information processing device, information processing method, information processing program, and three-dimensional molded article |
US9592660B2 (en) | 2014-12-17 | 2017-03-14 | Arevo Inc. | Heated build platform and system for three dimensional printing methods |
US10272664B2 (en) | 2015-01-14 | 2019-04-30 | Xactiv, Inc. | Fabrication of 3D objects via multiple build platforms |
US10272618B2 (en) | 2015-02-23 | 2019-04-30 | Xactiv, Inc. | Fabrication of 3D objects via electrostatic powder deposition |
US9902112B2 (en) | 2015-04-07 | 2018-02-27 | Global Filtration Systems | Apparatus and method for forming three-dimensional objects using linear solidification and a vacuum blade |
US10889067B1 (en) * | 2015-04-13 | 2021-01-12 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Tension-wound solid state additive manufacturing |
US10442175B2 (en) | 2015-04-28 | 2019-10-15 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | 3D printing devices and methods |
EP3288700B1 (en) * | 2015-04-30 | 2023-09-13 | The Exone Company | Powder recoater for three-dimensional printer |
US20180065324A1 (en) * | 2015-05-15 | 2018-03-08 | Konica Minolta, Inc. | Powder material, method for producing three-dimensional molded article, and three-dimensional molding device |
WO2017004042A1 (en) | 2015-06-29 | 2017-01-05 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Temperature controlled additive manufacturing |
WO2017005301A1 (en) | 2015-07-07 | 2017-01-12 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company L.P. | Supplying build material |
US9610734B2 (en) * | 2015-07-07 | 2017-04-04 | Xerox Corporation | Indexing cart for three-dimensional object printing |
WO2017009368A1 (en) * | 2015-07-15 | 2017-01-19 | Admatec Europe B.V. | Additive manufacturing device for manufacturing a three dimensional object |
KR20180021221A (en) | 2015-07-17 | 2018-02-28 | 어플라이드 머티어리얼스, 인코포레이티드 | Laminate fabrication with coolant system |
WO2017015217A2 (en) * | 2015-07-20 | 2017-01-26 | Velo3D, Inc. | Transfer of particulate material |
US10486411B2 (en) | 2015-07-29 | 2019-11-26 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Shaping apparatus and shaping method |
KR102130284B1 (en) | 2015-07-30 | 2020-07-08 | 휴렛-팩커드 디벨롭먼트 컴퍼니, 엘.피. | Techniques for controlling heating for 3D printing |
AU2016310470A1 (en) | 2015-08-21 | 2018-02-22 | Aprecia Pharmaceuticals LLC | Three-dimensional printing system and equipment assembly |
US10395561B2 (en) | 2015-12-07 | 2019-08-27 | Humanetics Innovative Solutions, Inc. | Three-dimensionally printed internal organs for crash test dummy |
US10733911B2 (en) | 2015-10-14 | 2020-08-04 | Humanetics Innovative Solutions, Inc. | Three-dimensional ribs and method of three-dimensional printing of ribs for crash test dummy |
JP6751252B2 (en) * | 2015-10-15 | 2020-09-02 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | Three-dimensional model manufacturing method and three-dimensional model manufacturing apparatus |
US10065270B2 (en) | 2015-11-06 | 2018-09-04 | Velo3D, Inc. | Three-dimensional printing in real time |
US10105876B2 (en) | 2015-12-07 | 2018-10-23 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | Apparatus for generating and dispensing a powdered release agent |
WO2017100695A1 (en) | 2015-12-10 | 2017-06-15 | Velo3D, Inc. | Skillful three-dimensional printing |
US10245822B2 (en) | 2015-12-11 | 2019-04-02 | Global Filtration Systems | Method and apparatus for concurrently making multiple three-dimensional objects from multiple solidifiable materials |
JP6979963B2 (en) | 2016-02-18 | 2021-12-15 | ヴェロ・スリー・ディー・インコーポレイテッド | Accurate 3D printing |
JP6236112B2 (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2017-11-29 | 株式会社松浦機械製作所 | Support and work and modeling method of the support |
CN109071802B (en) | 2016-04-01 | 2021-07-13 | 索尔维特殊聚合物美国有限责任公司 | Method for producing a three-dimensional object |
US10239157B2 (en) | 2016-04-06 | 2019-03-26 | General Electric Company | Additive machine utilizing rotational build surface |
US10040250B2 (en) | 2016-04-14 | 2018-08-07 | Xerox Corporation | Electro-photographic 3-D printing using collapsible substrate |
US10369744B2 (en) | 2016-04-14 | 2019-08-06 | Xerox Corporation | Electrostatic 3-D development apparatus using cold fusing |
US10046512B2 (en) | 2016-04-14 | 2018-08-14 | Xerox Corporation | Electro-photographic 3-D printing using dissolvable paper |
EP3429825B1 (en) * | 2016-05-12 | 2021-03-03 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Temperature correction via print agent application |
GB2550338A (en) | 2016-05-12 | 2017-11-22 | Hewlett Packard Development Co Lp | Reflector and additive manufacturing system |
US11084210B2 (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2021-08-10 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | 3D printer with tuned coolant droplets |
EP3458251A4 (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2020-01-08 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | 3d printer with tuned fusing radiation emission |
WO2018005439A1 (en) | 2016-06-29 | 2018-01-04 | Velo3D, Inc. | Three-dimensional printing and three-dimensional printers |
US11691343B2 (en) | 2016-06-29 | 2023-07-04 | Velo3D, Inc. | Three-dimensional printing and three-dimensional printers |
EP3436236A4 (en) | 2016-07-27 | 2019-11-27 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Forming three-dimensional (3d) electronic parts |
US9821543B1 (en) * | 2016-10-07 | 2017-11-21 | General Electric Company | Additive manufacturing powder handling system |
CN106670736B (en) * | 2016-10-19 | 2018-09-14 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of layered manufacturing method of coarse scale structures complexity metal component |
WO2018128695A2 (en) | 2016-11-07 | 2018-07-12 | Velo3D, Inc. | Gas flow in three-dimensional printing |
FR3058657A1 (en) | 2016-11-14 | 2018-05-18 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | POWDER-BASED ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING FACILITY WITH BLOW-CLEANING DEVICE |
FR3058658A1 (en) * | 2016-11-14 | 2018-05-18 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | POWDER-BASED ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING FACILITY WITH BRUSH CLEANING DEVICE |
CN109963700B (en) * | 2016-11-22 | 2021-08-17 | 科思创德国股份有限公司 | Method and system for manufacturing an article by layer-by-layer building in a stamping process |
US20180186082A1 (en) | 2017-01-05 | 2018-07-05 | Velo3D, Inc. | Optics in three-dimensional printing |
US10737479B2 (en) | 2017-01-12 | 2020-08-11 | Global Filtration Systems | Method of making three-dimensional objects using both continuous and discontinuous solidification |
US11148365B2 (en) * | 2017-01-15 | 2021-10-19 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Reflector assembly with partial elliptical cavities |
KR102233013B1 (en) | 2017-02-10 | 2021-03-26 | 휴렛-팩커드 디벨롭먼트 컴퍼니, 엘.피. | Fusion module |
US10315252B2 (en) | 2017-03-02 | 2019-06-11 | Velo3D, Inc. | Three-dimensional printing of three-dimensional objects |
US20180264549A1 (en) | 2017-03-15 | 2018-09-20 | Applied Materials Inc. | Lamp configuration for Additive Manufacturing |
US10449696B2 (en) | 2017-03-28 | 2019-10-22 | Velo3D, Inc. | Material manipulation in three-dimensional printing |
US10369557B2 (en) * | 2017-04-12 | 2019-08-06 | International Business Machines Corporation | Three-dimensional printed objects for chemical reaction control |
US10064726B1 (en) | 2017-04-18 | 2018-09-04 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | 3D printing of mesh implants for bone delivery |
US11660196B2 (en) | 2017-04-21 | 2023-05-30 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | 3-D printing of bone grafts |
CN110603134A (en) * | 2017-04-21 | 2019-12-20 | 惠普发展公司,有限责任合伙企业 | 3D printed material blocking |
US11230057B2 (en) * | 2017-06-01 | 2022-01-25 | University Of Southern California | 3D printing with variable voxel sizes |
US10639852B2 (en) * | 2017-09-07 | 2020-05-05 | Xyzprinting, Inc. | Stereolithography 3D printer |
CN109551759B (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2021-08-31 | 大族激光科技产业集团股份有限公司 | Additive manufacturing powder dropping device and method |
DE102017219795A1 (en) | 2017-11-08 | 2019-05-09 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Apparatus and method for generatively manufacturing an object composed of a plurality of cross-sections and a three-dimensional object |
WO2019094792A1 (en) | 2017-11-10 | 2019-05-16 | Local Motors IP, LLC | Additive manufactured structure and method for making the same |
US10828723B2 (en) | 2017-11-13 | 2020-11-10 | General Electric Company | Process monitoring for mobile large scale additive manufacturing using foil-based build materials |
US10828724B2 (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2020-11-10 | General Electric Company | Foil part vectorization for mobile large scale additive manufacturing using foil-based build materials |
US11364564B2 (en) | 2017-11-13 | 2022-06-21 | General Electric Company | Mobile large scale additive manufacturing using foil-based build materials |
US10497345B2 (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2019-12-03 | Daniel Pawlovich | Integral drum body system for percussion instrument |
EP3684595A4 (en) * | 2017-12-19 | 2021-04-28 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Fusing in three-dimensional (3d) printing |
WO2019125406A1 (en) * | 2017-12-19 | 2019-06-27 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Variable heating in additive manufacturing |
US10272525B1 (en) | 2017-12-27 | 2019-04-30 | Velo3D, Inc. | Three-dimensional printing systems and methods of their use |
US10144176B1 (en) | 2018-01-15 | 2018-12-04 | Velo3D, Inc. | Three-dimensional printing systems and methods of their use |
US11731342B2 (en) | 2018-04-23 | 2023-08-22 | Rapidflight Holdings, Llc | Additively manufactured structure and method for making the same |
KR20200123212A (en) | 2018-04-23 | 2020-10-28 | 로컬 모터스 아이피, 엘엘씨 | Method and apparatus for additive manufacturing |
US11426958B2 (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2022-08-30 | The Boeing Company | 3D printed end cauls for composite part fabrication |
CN112334295B (en) | 2018-06-01 | 2022-09-06 | 应用材料公司 | Air knife for additive manufacturing |
WO2020005249A1 (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2020-01-02 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | 3d printing control |
WO2020006660A1 (en) * | 2018-07-02 | 2020-01-09 | Covidien Lp | 3d printed, customized antenna navigation for ablating tissue |
EP3632657B1 (en) | 2018-10-03 | 2022-01-12 | Rolls-Royce Power Engineering PLC | Manufacturing method |
CN109571706A (en) * | 2018-11-28 | 2019-04-05 | 苏州美迈快速制造技术有限公司 | A kind of stone carving part manufacturing process |
CN109849335B (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2021-05-18 | 绍兴京越智能科技有限公司 | 3D printer lamp control structure adopting mirror refraction principle |
US11813790B2 (en) | 2019-08-12 | 2023-11-14 | Rapidflight Holdings, Llc | Additively manufactured structure and method for making the same |
WO2021029868A1 (en) * | 2019-08-12 | 2021-02-18 | Local Motors IP, LLC | Additively manufactured structure and method for making the same |
US11413817B2 (en) | 2019-09-26 | 2022-08-16 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Air knife inlet and exhaust for additive manufacturing |
US11400649B2 (en) | 2019-09-26 | 2022-08-02 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Air knife assembly for additive manufacturing |
KR102279708B1 (en) * | 2019-10-14 | 2021-07-22 | (주)메타몰프 | 3d printer for radial lamination |
WO2022150305A1 (en) * | 2021-01-05 | 2022-07-14 | Quadratic 3D, Inc. | Volumetric three-dimensional printing methods |
CN113172239B (en) * | 2021-04-12 | 2023-04-21 | 东北石油大学 | Selective laser sintering forming device |
US11951679B2 (en) | 2021-06-16 | 2024-04-09 | General Electric Company | Additive manufacturing system |
US11731367B2 (en) | 2021-06-23 | 2023-08-22 | General Electric Company | Drive system for additive manufacturing |
US11958249B2 (en) | 2021-06-24 | 2024-04-16 | General Electric Company | Reclamation system for additive manufacturing |
US11958250B2 (en) | 2021-06-24 | 2024-04-16 | General Electric Company | Reclamation system for additive manufacturing |
US11826950B2 (en) | 2021-07-09 | 2023-11-28 | General Electric Company | Resin management system for additive manufacturing |
US11813799B2 (en) | 2021-09-01 | 2023-11-14 | General Electric Company | Control systems and methods for additive manufacturing |
EP4151392A1 (en) * | 2021-09-15 | 2023-03-22 | Sinterit Sp. z o.o. | A pbf printer with a bed ejecting mechanism |
Citations (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4575330A (en) * | 1984-08-08 | 1986-03-11 | Uvp, Inc. | Apparatus for production of three-dimensional objects by stereolithography |
US4999143A (en) * | 1988-04-18 | 1991-03-12 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for production of three-dimensional objects by stereolithography |
US5192559A (en) * | 1990-09-27 | 1993-03-09 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Apparatus for building three-dimensional objects with sheets |
US5260009A (en) * | 1991-01-31 | 1993-11-09 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | System, method, and process for making three-dimensional objects |
US5273691A (en) * | 1988-04-18 | 1993-12-28 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Stereolithographic curl reduction |
US5362427A (en) * | 1993-05-10 | 1994-11-08 | Mitchell Jr Porter H | Method and apparatus for manufacturing an article using a support structure for supporting an article during manufacture therefor |
US5501824A (en) * | 1988-04-18 | 1996-03-26 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Thermal stereolithography |
US5503785A (en) * | 1994-06-02 | 1996-04-02 | Stratasys, Inc. | Process of support removal for fused deposition modeling |
US5569431A (en) * | 1984-08-08 | 1996-10-29 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for production of three-dimensional objects by stereolithography |
US5593531A (en) * | 1994-11-09 | 1997-01-14 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | System, method and process for fabrication of 3-dimensional objects by a static electrostatic imaging and lamination device |
US5595703A (en) * | 1994-03-10 | 1997-01-21 | Materialise, Naamloze Vennootschap | Method for supporting an object made by means of stereolithography or another rapid prototype production method |
US5897825A (en) * | 1994-10-13 | 1999-04-27 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Method for producing a three-dimensional object |
US5943235A (en) * | 1995-09-27 | 1999-08-24 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Rapid prototyping system and method with support region data processing |
US5985202A (en) * | 1996-12-06 | 1999-11-16 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Method for producing a laminated object and apparatus for producing the same |
US6042774A (en) * | 1995-03-30 | 2000-03-28 | Eos Gmbh Electro Optical Systems | Method for producing a three-dimensional object |
US6193923B1 (en) * | 1995-09-27 | 2001-02-27 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Selective deposition modeling method and apparatus for forming three-dimensional objects and supports |
US6206672B1 (en) * | 1994-03-31 | 2001-03-27 | Edward P. Grenda | Apparatus of fabricating 3 dimensional objects by means of electrophotography, ionography or a similar process |
US20020145213A1 (en) * | 2001-04-10 | 2002-10-10 | Junhai Liu | Layer manufacturing of a multi-material or multi-color 3-D object using electrostatic imaging and lamination |
US6558606B1 (en) * | 2000-01-28 | 2003-05-06 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Stereolithographic process of making a three-dimensional object |
US20040239009A1 (en) * | 2003-06-02 | 2004-12-02 | Collins David C. | Methods and systems for producting an object through solid freeform fabrication |
Family Cites Families (163)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US574583A (en) * | 1897-01-05 | Beer-tap | ||
US473901A (en) | 1892-05-03 | Manufacture of contou r relief-maps | ||
US774549A (en) | 1902-05-17 | 1904-11-08 | Carlo Baese | Photographic process for the reproduction of plastic objects. |
US1516199A (en) | 1922-09-23 | 1924-11-18 | Monteath Photo Sculpture Ltd | Photomechanical process for producing bas-reliefs |
US2015457A (en) | 1932-03-02 | 1935-09-24 | Morioka Isao | Process for manufacturing a relief by the aid of photography |
US2189592A (en) | 1937-03-11 | 1940-02-06 | Perera Bamunuarchige Victor | Process of making relief maps |
US2350796A (en) | 1940-03-26 | 1944-06-06 | Morioka Isao | Process for plastically reproducing objects |
US2775758A (en) | 1951-05-25 | 1956-12-25 | Munz Otto John | Photo-glyph recording |
US3264385A (en) | 1963-01-14 | 1966-08-02 | American Scient Corp | Method of casting a printed pattern on a plastic sheet |
US3428503A (en) | 1964-10-26 | 1969-02-18 | Lloyd D Beckerle | Three-dimensional reproduction method |
US4041476A (en) | 1971-07-23 | 1977-08-09 | Wyn Kelly Swainson | Method, medium and apparatus for producing three-dimensional figure product |
US4238840A (en) | 1967-07-12 | 1980-12-09 | Formigraphic Engine Corporation | Method, medium and apparatus for producing three dimensional figure product |
DE2101796A1 (en) * | 1970-01-21 | 1971-08-05 | Baxter Laboratories Inc | Method for the determination of glycene in blood serum |
US3751827A (en) | 1971-06-08 | 1973-08-14 | T Gaskin | Earth science teaching device |
US3866052A (en) | 1973-11-02 | 1975-02-11 | Dynell Elec | Methods for generating signals defining three-dimensional object surfaces |
GB1517283A (en) | 1974-06-28 | 1978-07-12 | Singer Alec | Production of metal articles |
US4001069A (en) | 1974-10-21 | 1977-01-04 | Dynell Electronics Corporation | Arrangement for generating and constructing three-dimensional surfaces and bodies |
US3932923A (en) | 1974-10-21 | 1976-01-20 | Dynell Electronics Corporation | Method of generating and constructing three-dimensional bodies |
US4466080A (en) | 1975-01-27 | 1984-08-14 | Formigraphic Engine Corporation | Three-dimensional patterned media |
US4333165A (en) | 1975-01-27 | 1982-06-01 | Formigraphic Engine Corporation | Three-dimensional pattern making methods |
US4078229A (en) | 1975-01-27 | 1978-03-07 | Swanson Wyn K | Three dimensional systems |
US4132575A (en) | 1977-09-16 | 1979-01-02 | Fuji Photo Optical Co., Ltd. | Method of producing three-dimensional replica |
US4471470A (en) | 1977-12-01 | 1984-09-11 | Formigraphic Engine Corporation | Method and media for accessing data in three dimensions |
US4288861A (en) | 1977-12-01 | 1981-09-08 | Formigraphic Engine Corporation | Three-dimensional systems |
US4412799A (en) | 1979-03-12 | 1983-11-01 | Jackson Gates | Apparatus and method for stereo relief modeling |
US4323756A (en) | 1979-10-29 | 1982-04-06 | United Technologies Corporation | Method for fabricating articles by sequential layer deposition |
US4285754A (en) | 1979-11-05 | 1981-08-25 | Solid Photography Inc. | Method and apparatus for producing planar elements in the construction of surfaces and bodies |
US4292724A (en) | 1979-11-05 | 1981-10-06 | Solid Photography, Inc. | Arrangement for constructing surfaces and bodies |
US4247508B1 (en) | 1979-12-03 | 1996-10-01 | Dtm Corp | Molding process |
US4393450A (en) | 1980-08-11 | 1983-07-12 | Trustees Of Dartmouth College | Three-dimensional model-making system |
US4665492A (en) | 1984-07-02 | 1987-05-12 | Masters William E | Computer automated manufacturing process and system |
US4929402A (en) | 1984-08-08 | 1990-05-29 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Method for production of three-dimensional objects by stereolithography |
US4707787A (en) | 1985-01-10 | 1987-11-17 | Western Geophysical Company Of America | Beam-activated complex-solid formation utilizing pattern-independent, coordinate-sequence construction |
US4749347A (en) | 1985-08-29 | 1988-06-07 | Viljo Valavaara | Topology fabrication apparatus |
ATE113746T1 (en) | 1986-06-03 | 1994-11-15 | Cubital Ltd | DEVICE FOR DEVELOPING THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODELS. |
US4752352A (en) | 1986-06-06 | 1988-06-21 | Michael Feygin | Apparatus and method for forming an integral object from laminations |
WO1988002677A2 (en) | 1986-10-17 | 1988-04-21 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Method and apparatus for producing parts by selective sintering |
US4944817A (en) | 1986-10-17 | 1990-07-31 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Multiple material systems for selective beam sintering |
US5296062A (en) * | 1986-10-17 | 1994-03-22 | The Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Multiple material systems for selective beam sintering |
US5076869A (en) | 1986-10-17 | 1991-12-31 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Multiple material systems for selective beam sintering |
US5017753A (en) | 1986-10-17 | 1991-05-21 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Method and apparatus for producing parts by selective sintering |
US4863538A (en) | 1986-10-17 | 1989-09-05 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Method and apparatus for producing parts by selective sintering |
US4801477A (en) | 1987-09-29 | 1989-01-31 | Fudim Efrem V | Method and apparatus for production of three-dimensional objects by photosolidification |
US4752498A (en) | 1987-03-02 | 1988-06-21 | Fudim Efrem V | Method and apparatus for production of three-dimensional objects by photosolidification |
US4818562A (en) | 1987-03-04 | 1989-04-04 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Casting shapes |
US5389496A (en) * | 1987-03-06 | 1995-02-14 | Rohm And Haas Company | Processes and compositions for electroless metallization |
US5386500A (en) * | 1987-06-02 | 1995-01-31 | Cubital Ltd. | Three dimensional modeling apparatus |
US5287435A (en) * | 1987-06-02 | 1994-02-15 | Cubital Ltd. | Three dimensional modeling |
US5015312A (en) | 1987-09-29 | 1991-05-14 | Kinzie Norman F | Method and apparatus for constructing a three-dimensional surface of predetermined shape and color |
US4842186A (en) | 1987-10-30 | 1989-06-27 | The Babock & Wilcox Company | Method and apparatus for building a workpiece by deposit welding |
US4775092A (en) | 1987-10-30 | 1988-10-04 | The Babcock & Wilcox Company | Method and apparatus for building a workpiece by deposit welding |
IL84752A (en) | 1987-12-08 | 1991-11-21 | Elscint Ltd | Anatomical models and methods for manufacturing such models |
IL109511A (en) | 1987-12-23 | 1996-10-16 | Cubital Ltd | Three-dimensional modelling apparatus |
US4945032A (en) | 1988-03-31 | 1990-07-31 | Desoto, Inc. | Stereolithography using repeated exposures to increase strength and reduce distortion |
JPH03501375A (en) | 1988-04-11 | 1991-03-28 | オーストラル・エイジアン・レーザーズ・プロプライエタリー・リミテッド | Laser-based plastic modeling workstation |
US5059359A (en) | 1988-04-18 | 1991-10-22 | 3 D Systems, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for production of three-dimensional objects by stereolithography |
US5182055A (en) * | 1988-04-18 | 1993-01-26 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Method of making a three-dimensional object by stereolithography |
US5130064A (en) | 1988-04-18 | 1992-07-14 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Method of making a three dimensional object by stereolithography |
US5182056A (en) * | 1988-04-18 | 1993-01-26 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Stereolithography method and apparatus employing various penetration depths |
DE68929423T2 (en) * | 1988-04-18 | 2003-08-07 | 3D Systems Inc | Stereolithographic CAD / CAM data conversion |
US5184307A (en) * | 1988-04-18 | 1993-02-02 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for production of high resolution three-dimensional objects by stereolithography |
US4996010A (en) | 1988-04-18 | 1991-02-26 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for production of three-dimensional objects by stereolithography |
US5495328A (en) * | 1988-04-18 | 1996-02-27 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Apparatus and method for calibrating and normalizing a stereolithographic apparatus |
EP0747203B1 (en) | 1988-04-18 | 2001-06-27 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Stereolithographic curl reduction |
US5015424A (en) | 1988-04-18 | 1991-05-14 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for production of three-dimensional objects by stereolithography |
US5137662A (en) | 1988-11-08 | 1992-08-11 | 3-D Systems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for production of three-dimensional objects by stereolithography |
US5194181A (en) * | 1988-07-15 | 1993-03-16 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Process for shaping articles from electrosetting compositions |
US5190624A (en) * | 1988-07-15 | 1993-03-02 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Electrorheological fluid chemical processing |
US4844144A (en) | 1988-08-08 | 1989-07-04 | Desoto, Inc. | Investment casting utilizing patterns produced by stereolithography |
US4943928A (en) | 1988-09-19 | 1990-07-24 | Campbell Albert E | Elongated carrier with a plurality of spot-sources of heat for use with stereolithographic system |
IL88359A (en) | 1988-11-10 | 1993-06-10 | Cubital Ltd | Method and apparatus for volumetric digitization of 3-dimensional objects |
US5135379A (en) | 1988-11-29 | 1992-08-04 | Fudim Efrem V | Apparatus for production of three-dimensional objects by photosolidification |
US5089184A (en) | 1989-01-18 | 1992-02-18 | Mitsui Engineering And Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. | Optical molding method |
JP2715527B2 (en) | 1989-03-14 | 1998-02-18 | ソニー株式会社 | 3D shape forming method |
US5026146A (en) | 1989-04-03 | 1991-06-25 | Hug William F | System for rapidly producing plastic parts |
US4942060A (en) | 1989-04-21 | 1990-07-17 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Solid imaging method utilizing photohardenable compositions of self limiting thickness by phase separation |
US5014207A (en) | 1989-04-21 | 1991-05-07 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Solid imaging system |
US4942066A (en) | 1989-04-21 | 1990-07-17 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Solid imaging method using photohardenable materials of self limiting thickness |
US5128235A (en) | 1989-04-21 | 1992-07-07 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Method of forming a three-dimensional object comprising additives imparting reduction of shrinkage to photohardenable compositions |
GB2233928B (en) | 1989-05-23 | 1992-12-23 | Brother Ind Ltd | Apparatus and method for forming three-dimensional article |
JP2738017B2 (en) | 1989-05-23 | 1998-04-08 | ブラザー工業株式会社 | 3D molding equipment |
US5143663A (en) | 1989-06-12 | 1992-09-01 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Stereolithography method and apparatus |
US5134569A (en) | 1989-06-26 | 1992-07-28 | Masters William E | System and method for computer automated manufacturing using fluent material |
JPH0336019A (en) | 1989-07-03 | 1991-02-15 | Brother Ind Ltd | Three-dimensional molding method and device thereof |
JPH0624773B2 (en) | 1989-07-07 | 1994-04-06 | 三井造船株式会社 | Optical modeling method |
US5284695A (en) * | 1989-09-05 | 1994-02-08 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Method of producing high-temperature parts by way of low-temperature sintering |
US5182170A (en) * | 1989-09-05 | 1993-01-26 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Method of producing parts by selective beam interaction of powder with gas phase reactant |
US5053090A (en) | 1989-09-05 | 1991-10-01 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Selective laser sintering with assisted powder handling |
US5088047A (en) | 1989-10-16 | 1992-02-11 | Bynum David K | Automated manufacturing system using thin sections |
US5133987A (en) | 1989-10-27 | 1992-07-28 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Stereolithographic apparatus and method |
US5182715A (en) * | 1989-10-27 | 1993-01-26 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Rapid and accurate production of stereolighographic parts |
US5121329A (en) | 1989-10-30 | 1992-06-09 | Stratasys, Inc. | Apparatus and method for creating three-dimensional objects |
US5136515A (en) | 1989-11-07 | 1992-08-04 | Richard Helinski | Method and means for constructing three-dimensional articles by particle deposition |
US5017317A (en) | 1989-12-04 | 1991-05-21 | Board Of Regents, The Uni. Of Texas System | Gas phase selective beam deposition |
US5135695A (en) | 1989-12-04 | 1992-08-04 | Board Of Regents The University Of Texas System | Positioning, focusing and monitoring of gas phase selective beam deposition |
US5387380A (en) * | 1989-12-08 | 1995-02-07 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Three-dimensional printing techniques |
US5204055A (en) * | 1989-12-08 | 1993-04-20 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Three-dimensional printing techniques |
US5038159A (en) | 1989-12-18 | 1991-08-06 | Xerox Corporation | Apertured printhead for direct electrostatic printing |
US5009585A (en) | 1989-12-18 | 1991-04-23 | Mitsui Engineering & Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. | Optical molding apparatus and movable base device therefor |
US5143817A (en) | 1989-12-22 | 1992-09-01 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Solid imaging system |
DE3942859A1 (en) | 1989-12-23 | 1991-07-04 | Basf Ag | METHOD FOR PRODUCING COMPONENTS |
US5139711A (en) | 1989-12-25 | 1992-08-18 | Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. | Process of and apparatus for making three dimensional objects |
US5071337A (en) | 1990-02-15 | 1991-12-10 | Quadrax Corporation | Apparatus for forming a solid three-dimensional article from a liquid medium |
US5626919A (en) * | 1990-03-01 | 1997-05-06 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Solid imaging apparatus and method with coating station |
FR2659971B1 (en) * | 1990-03-20 | 1992-07-10 | Dassault Avions | PROCESS FOR PRODUCING THREE-DIMENSIONAL OBJECTS BY PHOTO-TRANSFORMATION AND APPARATUS FOR CARRYING OUT SUCH A PROCESS. |
US5094935A (en) | 1990-06-26 | 1992-03-10 | E. I. Dupont De Nemours And Company | Method and apparatus for fabricating three dimensional objects from photoformed precursor sheets |
US5096530A (en) | 1990-06-28 | 1992-03-17 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Resin film recoating method and apparatus |
US5189781A (en) * | 1990-08-03 | 1993-03-02 | Carnegie Mellon University | Rapid tool manufacturing |
US5127037A (en) | 1990-08-15 | 1992-06-30 | Bynum David K | Apparatus for forming a three-dimensional reproduction of an object from laminations |
US5198159A (en) * | 1990-10-09 | 1993-03-30 | Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. | Process of fabricating three-dimensional objects from a light curable resin liquid |
US5122441A (en) * | 1990-10-29 | 1992-06-16 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Method for fabricating an integral three-dimensional object from layers of a photoformable composition |
US5597520A (en) * | 1990-10-30 | 1997-01-28 | Smalley; Dennis R. | Simultaneous multiple layer curing in stereolithography |
US5192469A (en) * | 1990-10-30 | 1993-03-09 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Simultaneous multiple layer curing in stereolithography |
US5126529A (en) | 1990-12-03 | 1992-06-30 | Weiss Lee E | Method and apparatus for fabrication of three-dimensional articles by thermal spray deposition |
US5286573A (en) * | 1990-12-03 | 1994-02-15 | Fritz Prinz | Method and support structures for creation of objects by layer deposition |
US5385780A (en) * | 1990-12-05 | 1995-01-31 | The B. F. Goodrich Company | Sinterable mass of polymer powder having resistance to caking and method of preparing the mass |
JP2597778B2 (en) * | 1991-01-03 | 1997-04-09 | ストラタシイス,インコーポレイテッド | Three-dimensional object assembling system and assembling method |
US5348788A (en) * | 1991-01-30 | 1994-09-20 | Interpore Orthopaedics, Inc. | Mesh sheet with microscopic projections and holes |
US5594652A (en) * | 1991-01-31 | 1997-01-14 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Method and apparatus for the computer-controlled manufacture of three-dimensional objects from computer data |
US5157423A (en) * | 1991-05-08 | 1992-10-20 | Cubital Ltd. | Apparatus for pattern generation on a dielectric substrate |
US5079974A (en) | 1991-05-24 | 1992-01-14 | Carnegie-Mellon University | Sprayed metal dies |
NO912220L (en) * | 1991-06-10 | 1992-12-11 | Sinvent As | PROCEDURE AND SYSTEM FOR LONG-TERM AND TEMPORARY APPLICATION OF PARTICULATED MATERIAL ON A RECEIVING ELEMENT |
US5278442A (en) * | 1991-07-15 | 1994-01-11 | Prinz Fritz B | Electronic packages and smart structures formed by thermal spray deposition |
US5314003A (en) * | 1991-12-24 | 1994-05-24 | Microelectronics And Computer Technology Corporation | Three-dimensional metal fabrication using a laser |
US5281789A (en) * | 1992-07-24 | 1994-01-25 | Robert Merz | Method and apparatus for depositing molten metal |
US5502476A (en) * | 1992-11-25 | 1996-03-26 | Tektronix, Inc. | Method and apparatus for controlling phase-change ink temperature during a transfer printing process |
US5490882A (en) * | 1992-11-30 | 1996-02-13 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Process for removing loose powder particles from interior passages of a body |
JP2853497B2 (en) * | 1993-01-12 | 1999-02-03 | ソニー株式会社 | Optical molding equipment |
US5296335A (en) * | 1993-02-22 | 1994-03-22 | E-Systems, Inc. | Method for manufacturing fiber-reinforced parts utilizing stereolithography tooling |
KR970011573B1 (en) * | 1993-04-14 | 1997-07-12 | 마쯔시다덴기산교 가부시기가이샤 | Three dimensional object-forming method |
US5391460A (en) * | 1993-07-12 | 1995-02-21 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Resin composition and process for investment casting using stereolithography |
US5398193B1 (en) * | 1993-08-20 | 1997-09-16 | Alfredo O Deangelis | Method of three-dimensional rapid prototyping through controlled layerwise deposition/extraction and apparatus therefor |
US5496682A (en) * | 1993-10-15 | 1996-03-05 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Three dimensional sintered inorganic structures using photopolymerization |
US5490962A (en) * | 1993-10-18 | 1996-02-13 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Preparation of medical devices by solid free-form fabrication methods |
US5393482A (en) * | 1993-10-20 | 1995-02-28 | United Technologies Corporation | Method for performing multiple beam laser sintering employing focussed and defocussed laser beams |
DE4339550C1 (en) * | 1993-11-19 | 1995-09-07 | Max Planck Gesellschaft | Method and device for producing three-dimensional structures by optically stimulated material deposition from a fluid connection |
US5879489A (en) * | 1993-11-24 | 1999-03-09 | Burns; Marshall | Method and apparatus for automatic fabrication of three-dimensional objects |
SE9400347L (en) * | 1994-02-03 | 1995-07-17 | Gambro Ab | Apparatus for peritoneal dialysis |
US5491643A (en) * | 1994-02-04 | 1996-02-13 | Stratasys, Inc. | Method for optimizing parameters characteristic of an object developed in a rapid prototyping system |
US5705116A (en) * | 1994-06-27 | 1998-01-06 | Sitzmann; Eugene Valentine | Increasing the useful range of cationic photoinitiators in stereolithography |
US5520715A (en) * | 1994-07-11 | 1996-05-28 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Directional electrostatic accretion process employing acoustic droplet formation |
SE9403165D0 (en) * | 1994-09-21 | 1994-09-21 | Electrolux Ab | Ways to sinter objects |
US5590454A (en) * | 1994-12-21 | 1997-01-07 | Richardson; Kendrick E. | Method and apparatus for producing parts by layered subtractive machine tool techniques |
US5482659A (en) * | 1994-12-22 | 1996-01-09 | United Technologies Corporation | Method of post processing stereolithographically produced objects |
JPH08183820A (en) * | 1994-12-28 | 1996-07-16 | Takemoto Oil & Fat Co Ltd | Stereolithographic resin and stereolithographic resin composition |
US5598200A (en) * | 1995-01-26 | 1997-01-28 | Gore; David W. | Method and apparatus for producing a discrete droplet of high temperature liquid |
US5728345A (en) * | 1995-03-03 | 1998-03-17 | General Motors Corporation | Method for making an electrode for electrical discharge machining by use of a stereolithography model |
US5733497A (en) * | 1995-03-31 | 1998-03-31 | Dtm Corporation | Selective laser sintering with composite plastic material |
US5596504A (en) * | 1995-04-10 | 1997-01-21 | Clemson University | Apparatus and method for layered modeling of intended objects represented in STL format and adaptive slicing thereof |
DE19514740C1 (en) * | 1995-04-21 | 1996-04-11 | Eos Electro Optical Syst | Appts. for producing three-dimensional objects by laser sintering |
US5596503A (en) * | 1995-05-12 | 1997-01-21 | Flint; Mary L. | Process for making a doll's head looking like the head of a living person |
US5725586A (en) * | 1995-09-29 | 1998-03-10 | Johnson & Johnson Professional, Inc. | Hollow bone prosthesis with tailored flexibility |
US5705117A (en) * | 1996-03-01 | 1998-01-06 | Delco Electronics Corporaiton | Method of combining metal and ceramic inserts into stereolithography components |
US5730817A (en) * | 1996-04-22 | 1998-03-24 | Helisys, Inc. | Laminated object manufacturing system |
US5943234A (en) * | 1996-12-13 | 1999-08-24 | Atser Systems, Inc. | Paving mixture design system |
US5866058A (en) * | 1997-05-29 | 1999-02-02 | Stratasys Inc. | Method for rapid prototyping of solid models |
US5878664A (en) * | 1997-07-15 | 1999-03-09 | Hartka; Theodore J | Printing system and method |
US6025110A (en) * | 1997-09-18 | 2000-02-15 | Nowak; Michael T. | Method and apparatus for generating three-dimensional objects using ablation transfer |
US6022207A (en) * | 1998-01-26 | 2000-02-08 | Stratasys, Inc. | Rapid prototyping system with filament supply spool monitoring |
US6028410A (en) * | 1999-01-11 | 2000-02-22 | Stratasys, Inc. | Resonance detection and resolution |
GB9927127D0 (en) * | 1999-11-16 | 2000-01-12 | Univ Warwick | A method of manufacturing an item and apparatus for manufacturing an item |
US6340528B1 (en) * | 2000-01-19 | 2002-01-22 | Xerox Corporation | Crosslinkable polymer compositions for donor roll coatings |
GB2378151A (en) * | 2001-07-31 | 2003-02-05 | Dtm Corp | Fabricating a three-dimensional article from powder |
-
2005
- 2005-03-11 US US11/078,894 patent/US7261542B2/en active Active
- 2005-03-17 WO PCT/US2005/009024 patent/WO2005089463A2/en active Application Filing
- 2005-03-17 JP JP2007504134A patent/JP2007529349A/en active Pending
- 2005-03-17 EP EP05725865A patent/EP1735133B1/en active Active
- 2005-03-17 AT AT05725865T patent/ATE516128T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2007
- 2007-08-08 US US11/890,984 patent/US20080036117A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2010
- 2010-06-08 US US12/796,041 patent/US20100244333A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (23)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5569431A (en) * | 1984-08-08 | 1996-10-29 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for production of three-dimensional objects by stereolithography |
US4575330B1 (en) * | 1984-08-08 | 1989-12-19 | ||
US4575330A (en) * | 1984-08-08 | 1986-03-11 | Uvp, Inc. | Apparatus for production of three-dimensional objects by stereolithography |
US4999143A (en) * | 1988-04-18 | 1991-03-12 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for production of three-dimensional objects by stereolithography |
US5676904A (en) * | 1988-04-18 | 1997-10-14 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Thermal stereolithography |
US5672312A (en) * | 1988-04-18 | 1997-09-30 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Thermal stereolithography |
US5273691A (en) * | 1988-04-18 | 1993-12-28 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Stereolithographic curl reduction |
US5501824A (en) * | 1988-04-18 | 1996-03-26 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Thermal stereolithography |
US5192559A (en) * | 1990-09-27 | 1993-03-09 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Apparatus for building three-dimensional objects with sheets |
US5260009A (en) * | 1991-01-31 | 1993-11-09 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | System, method, and process for making three-dimensional objects |
US5362427A (en) * | 1993-05-10 | 1994-11-08 | Mitchell Jr Porter H | Method and apparatus for manufacturing an article using a support structure for supporting an article during manufacture therefor |
US5595703A (en) * | 1994-03-10 | 1997-01-21 | Materialise, Naamloze Vennootschap | Method for supporting an object made by means of stereolithography or another rapid prototype production method |
US6206672B1 (en) * | 1994-03-31 | 2001-03-27 | Edward P. Grenda | Apparatus of fabricating 3 dimensional objects by means of electrophotography, ionography or a similar process |
US5503785A (en) * | 1994-06-02 | 1996-04-02 | Stratasys, Inc. | Process of support removal for fused deposition modeling |
US5897825A (en) * | 1994-10-13 | 1999-04-27 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Method for producing a three-dimensional object |
US5593531A (en) * | 1994-11-09 | 1997-01-14 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | System, method and process for fabrication of 3-dimensional objects by a static electrostatic imaging and lamination device |
US6042774A (en) * | 1995-03-30 | 2000-03-28 | Eos Gmbh Electro Optical Systems | Method for producing a three-dimensional object |
US6193923B1 (en) * | 1995-09-27 | 2001-02-27 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Selective deposition modeling method and apparatus for forming three-dimensional objects and supports |
US5943235A (en) * | 1995-09-27 | 1999-08-24 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Rapid prototyping system and method with support region data processing |
US5985202A (en) * | 1996-12-06 | 1999-11-16 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Method for producing a laminated object and apparatus for producing the same |
US6558606B1 (en) * | 2000-01-28 | 2003-05-06 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Stereolithographic process of making a three-dimensional object |
US20020145213A1 (en) * | 2001-04-10 | 2002-10-10 | Junhai Liu | Layer manufacturing of a multi-material or multi-color 3-D object using electrostatic imaging and lamination |
US20040239009A1 (en) * | 2003-06-02 | 2004-12-02 | Collins David C. | Methods and systems for producting an object through solid freeform fabrication |
Cited By (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7521652B2 (en) * | 2004-12-07 | 2009-04-21 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Controlled cooling methods and apparatus for laser sintering part-cake |
US20060118532A1 (en) * | 2004-12-07 | 2006-06-08 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Controlled cooling methods and apparatus for laser sintering part-cake |
US20100043698A1 (en) * | 2007-02-23 | 2010-02-25 | The Ex One Company,LLC | Replaceable build box for three dimensional printer |
US8137609B2 (en) | 2008-12-18 | 2012-03-20 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Apparatus and method for cooling part cake in laser sintering |
US9931785B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2018-04-03 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Chute for laser sintering systems |
US11396134B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2022-07-26 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Powder distribution for laser sintering systems |
CN103331817A (en) * | 2013-07-01 | 2013-10-02 | 北京交通大学 | 3D (Three-dimensional) printing method of engineering structure |
US9776363B2 (en) | 2013-11-15 | 2017-10-03 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Three-dimensional modeling head and three-dimensional modeling device |
US10676399B2 (en) | 2014-06-23 | 2020-06-09 | Applied Cavitation, Inc. | Systems and methods for additive manufacturing using ceramic materials |
WO2015200280A1 (en) * | 2014-06-23 | 2015-12-30 | Applied Cavitation, Inc. | Systems and methods for additive manufacturing using ceramic materials |
WO2017192859A3 (en) * | 2016-05-04 | 2018-07-26 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Method for forming a three-dimensional body having regions of different densities |
US10632732B2 (en) | 2016-11-08 | 2020-04-28 | 3Dbotics, Inc. | Method and apparatus for making three-dimensional objects using a dynamically adjustable retaining barrier |
US10953597B2 (en) | 2017-07-21 | 2021-03-23 | Saint-Gobain Performance Plastics Corporation | Method of forming a three-dimensional body |
US11285540B2 (en) * | 2020-03-06 | 2022-03-29 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | Method for manufacturing parts or devices and forming transition layers facilitating removal of parts and devices from build-plates |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2005089463A3 (en) | 2006-12-07 |
US20050208168A1 (en) | 2005-09-22 |
EP1735133B1 (en) | 2011-07-13 |
EP1735133A2 (en) | 2006-12-27 |
EP1735133A4 (en) | 2010-02-24 |
ATE516128T1 (en) | 2011-07-15 |
WO2005089463A2 (en) | 2005-09-29 |
US7261542B2 (en) | 2007-08-28 |
JP2007529349A (en) | 2007-10-25 |
US20100244333A1 (en) | 2010-09-30 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US7261542B2 (en) | Apparatus for three dimensional printing using image layers | |
US8119053B1 (en) | Apparatus for three dimensional printing using imaged layers | |
AU2019201593B2 (en) | 3D printing using spiral buildup | |
EP1015214B1 (en) | Method and device for manufacturing three-dimensional bodies | |
US10150247B2 (en) | 3D printing using spiral buildup and high viscosity build materials | |
JP4146454B2 (en) | Heating of one-side supply standby powder wave using a wave flattening device | |
US9421715B2 (en) | Three-dimensional printer | |
US20130164402A1 (en) | Imaging Assembly | |
EP2451630B1 (en) | Imaging system | |
JP2023502502A (en) | Powder bed fusion recoater with heat source for thermal management | |
KR20200013066A (en) | Additive manufacturing with multi-sided and galvo mirror scanners | |
KR20200013065A (en) | Additive manufacturing with multiple mirror scanners | |
EP3176647B1 (en) | Direct metal electrophotography additive manufacturing machine | |
US10994485B2 (en) | Additive manufacturing device including a movable beam generation unit or directing unit | |
EP3468774B1 (en) | Additive manufacturing device including a movable beam generation unit or directing unit |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: 3D SYSTEMS. INC., SOUTH CAROLINA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:DESKTOP FACTORY, INC.;REEL/FRAME:023292/0578 Effective date: 20090831 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: EXPRESSLY ABANDONED -- DURING EXAMINATION |