US20080178555A1 - Tapered truss - Google Patents
Tapered truss Download PDFInfo
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- US20080178555A1 US20080178555A1 US11/627,947 US62794707A US2008178555A1 US 20080178555 A1 US20080178555 A1 US 20080178555A1 US 62794707 A US62794707 A US 62794707A US 2008178555 A1 US2008178555 A1 US 2008178555A1
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- truss
- chord
- rafter
- horizontal
- pair
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
- E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
- E04C3/11—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal with non-parallel upper and lower edges, e.g. roof trusses
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
- E04C3/12—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of wood, e.g. with reinforcements, with tensioning members
- E04C3/17—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of wood, e.g. with reinforcements, with tensioning members with non-parallel upper and lower edges, e.g. roof trusses
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/38—Arched girders or portal frames
Definitions
- the present application relates to a roof truss structure. More particularly, the application relates to a tapered roof truss structure.
- a variety of truss constructions are known in the art for roof support in wide-span buildings.
- a moment connection exists between the truss and its supporting columns or walls. This moment connection causes right-left compression and an associated reaction at the base of each column or wall, which is known as horizontal reaction.
- a horizontal reaction will occur at the bottom of a vertical column whenever the top of such column is exposed to a non-vertical or angular moment, generally known as a bending moment.
- the accepted consequence of the presence of a horizontal reaction is that large supports are required to buttress the base of each vertical column or wall against the forces of the horizontal reaction.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of a structure employing a plurality of tapered trusses
- FIG. 2 illustrates a front view of one embodiment of a tapered truss on support members
- FIG. 3 illustrates a partial front view of an end portion of one embodiment of a tapered truss on support members
- FIG. 4 illustrates a perspective view of one embodiment of a connection between a tapered truss and a support member
- FIG. 5 illustrates a partial front view of a connection between two portions of a tapered truss
- FIG. 6 illustrates a front view of a half section of an alternative embodiment of a tapered truss
- FIG. 7 illustrates a front view of an alternative embodiment of a tapered truss
- FIG. 8 illustrates a front view of an alternative embodiment of a tapered truss on support members
- FIG. 9 illustrates a front view of another alternative embodiment of a tapered truss
- FIG. 10 illustrates a front view of another alternative embodiment of a tapered truss on support members
- FIG. 11 illustrates a front view of a solid, tapered truss on support members
- FIG. 12 illustrates a front view of a tapered gambrel truss
- FIG. 13 illustrates a front view of a solid, tapered gambrel truss
- FIG. 14 illustrates a front view of a tapered gambrel truss having a lofted floor
- FIG. 15 illustrates a front view of a solid, tapered gambrel truss having a lofted floor
- FIG. 16 illustrates a front view of a tapered lean-to truss
- FIG. 17 illustrates a front view of a solid, tapered lean-to truss
- FIG. 18 illustrates a perspective view of a connection between a truss and a support member defining an eave portion of an end wall
- FIG. 19 illustrates a perspective view of a connection between a truss and a support member defining an end wall, spaced away from the eave;
- FIG. 20 illustrates a perspective view of a lower bracket and connection for bracing a wall
- FIG. 21 illustrates one embodiment of a girt retaining assembly
- FIG. 22 illustrates an alternative embodiment of a girt retaining assembly.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of a structure 100 employing a plurality of tapered trusses 110 a - f.
- the trusses 110 a - f are attached to a plurality of support members S.
- the support members are columns constructed of steel, wood, concrete, a polymeric material, other known construction materials, or a combination thereof.
- the support members are solid walls. It should be understood that the number of trusses and support members employed in the structure 100 may vary according to the size of the structure.
- the tapered trusses 110 a - f are all configured to be attached to top surfaces of the respective support members S.
- the tapered trusses that define the end walls E of the structure (illustrated here as tapered truss 110 a and tapered truss 110 f ) are attached to a side surface of the associated support members S, while the tapered trusses that are spaced away from the end walls E (illustrated here as tapered truss 110 b, tapered truss 110 c, tapered truss 110 d, and tapered truss 110 e ) are attached to the top surfaces of the associated support members S.
- the structure 100 includes a plurality of girts G attached to the support members S, thereby providing a frame to define a first and second end wall E and a first and second sidewall W.
- the structure 100 further includes a plurality of X-braces 120 configured to provide additional support for the frame. While the illustrated embodiment shows one X-brace 120 disposed on each sidewall W, and a pair of X-braces disposed along a roof portion of the structure 100 , it should be understood that any number of X-braces may be employed.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a front view of one embodiment of a tapered roof truss 110 on support members S.
- the tapered truss 110 includes upper truss members, illustrated in FIG. 2 as a first outer rafter chord 210 a and a second outer rafter chord 210 b.
- the first and second outer rafter chords 210 a,b are sloped to define a roof having eaves 220 a,b and a central ridge 230 .
- each outer rafter chord 210 a,b is a single, elongated beam or rod.
- the upper truss members may include a plurality of components.
- the tapered truss 110 further includes lower truss members, illustrated in FIG. 2 as a first inner rafter chord 240 a and a second inner rafter chord 240 b.
- Each inner rafter chord 240 a,b is a single, elongated beam or rod.
- the lower truss members may include a plurality of components.
- the tapered truss 110 further includes base members, illustrated in FIG. 2 as a first horizontal base chord 250 a and a second horizontal base chord 250 b. It should be understood that the outer rafter chords 210 a,b, inner rafter chords 240 a,b, and horizontal base chords 250 a,b are all coplanar, as can be seen in FIG. 1 . In the illustrated embodiment, each horizontal base chord 250 a,b is a single, elongated beam or rod. In an alternative embodiment (not shown), the base members may include a plurality of components.
- each outer rafter chord 210 a,b, each inner rafter chord 240 a,b, and each horizontal base chord 250 a,b is constructed of steel and has an I-beam configuration.
- at least one of the outer rafter chords 210 a,b, inner rafter chords 240 a,b, and horizontal base chords 250 a,b may be constructed of other metal, wood, a polymeric material, or other known construction materials.
- At least one of the outer rafter chords 210 a,b, inner rafter chords 240 a,b, and horizontal base chords 250 a,b may have cross-sections that are L-shaped, C-shaped, T-shaped, square, rectangular, circular, oval, or any other regular or irregular polygonal shape.
- each horizontal base chord 250 a,b is connected to the top surface of a support member S.
- each horizontal base chord 250 a,b is welded or attached to its respective support member S via fasteners.
- Exemplary fasteners include rivets, bolts, screws, nails, pins, and other known fasteners.
- the base chords 250 a,b simply rest on the support members S.
- the upper truss members and lower truss members are joined by a webbing, illustrated in FIG. 2 as a plurality of beams 260 .
- the beams 260 are attached to the outer rafters 210 a,b and inner rafters 240 a,b to form a series of triangles or other geometric shapes.
- the horizontal base chords 250 a,b are also joined to outer rafters 210 a,b by beams 260 .
- the beams 260 are directly attached to the outer rafters 210 a,b, inner rafters 240 a,b, and horizontal base chords 250 a,b.
- the beams 260 may be welded or attached via fasteners.
- Exemplary fasteners include rivets, bolts, screws, nails, pins, and other known fasteners.
- the beams are attached via junction plates, brace plates, or other known connectors.
- the truss 110 is solid and the outer rafters 210 a,b and inner rafters 240 a,b are joined by a solid sheet.
- the beams 260 are constructed of steel and have a rectangular cross-section.
- the beams 260 may be constructed of other metals, wood, a polymeric material, or other known construction materials.
- the beams 260 may have cross-sections that are I-shaped, L-shaped, C-shaped, T-shaped, square, circular, oval, or any other regular or irregular polygonal shape.
- the tapered truss 110 further includes a plurality of retainers 270 configured to receive purlins for attaching a roof deck or sheathing.
- the tapered truss 110 does not include retainers 270 and the roof deck or sheathing is attached directly to the outer rafters 210 a,b.
- FIG. 3 illustrates a partial front view of an end portion of one embodiment of a tapered truss 110 .
- an end of the first outer rafter 210 a is connected to the horizontal base chord 250 a, thereby defining a first eave 220 a.
- the first outer rafter 210 a and the horizontal base chord 250 a form an acute angle ⁇ .
- the slope of the first outer rafter 210 a is equal to the acute angle ⁇ . In one embodiment, the slope of the first outer rafter 210 a is between about 2:12 to about 12:12.
- an end of the first inner rafter 240 a is connected to the horizontal base chord 250 a, forming an obtuse inner angle ⁇ .
- the slope of the first inner rafter 240 a is equal to the supplementary angle ⁇ of the obtuse angle ⁇ .
- the slope of the first inner rafter is less than the slope of the first outer rafter.
- the slope of the first inner rafter 240 a is about 1:12 to about 1:12.
- first outer rafter 210 a has a longitudinal axis 310 and first inner rafter 240 a has a longitudinal axis 320 , wherein the longitudinal axes 310 , 320 form an acute angle ⁇ .
- the inner and outer rafters 210 a, 240 a are not parallel and the truss 110 has a tapered profile, as shown in FIG. 2 .
- the slopes of the inner and outer rafters 210 a, 240 a are constant from the support member S to the center ridge 230 of the truss 110 .
- FIG. 4 illustrates one embodiment of a bracket assembly 400 for connecting a tapered truss 110 to the top surface of a support member S.
- the bracket assembly 400 includes a horizontal bracket 410 configured to be attached to the bottom of a tapered truss 110 .
- the horizontal bracket 410 includes a slot 420 configured to receive a bolt 430 or other fastener.
- Exemplary fasteners include nails, screws, rivets, ties, pins, and other known fasteners.
- the horizontal bracket 410 is welded to the bottom of the tapered truss 110 .
- the horizontal bracket 410 is attached to the tapered truss 110 via one or more fasteners such as a bolt, screw, nail, rivet, tie, pin, or other known fastener.
- the bracket assembly 400 further includes an L-shaped bracket 440 having a major length 450 configured to be attached to the support member S, and a minor length (not shown) configured to be attached to a bottom surface of the horizontal bracket 410 .
- the minor length of the L-shaped bracket 440 has an aperture corresponding to the slot 420 of the horizontal bracket 410 .
- the bolt 430 or other fastener is passed through the aperture of the minor length of the L-shaped bracket and through the slot 420 of the horizontal bracket 410 , thereby fastening the horizontal bracket 410 to the L-shaped bracket 440 .
- the major length 450 of the L-shaped bracket 440 is bolted to the support member S.
- the major length 450 of the L-shaped bracket may be nailed, screwed, tied, or welded to the support member S, or it may be attached using other known methods of attachment.
- FIG. 5 illustrates a partial front view of a connection between two portions of a tapered truss 500 .
- a first outer rafter 510 a and a first inner rafter 520 a are each connected to a first connection chord 530 a.
- a second outer rafter 510 b and a second inner rafter 520 b are each connected to a second connection chord 530 b.
- the first connection chord 530 a is attached to the second connection chord 530 b via fasteners 540 to form the tapered truss 500 .
- the fasteners 540 are bolts.
- other fasteners such as rivets, screws, nails, ties, or pins may be employed.
- the first connection chord 530 a is welded to the second connection chord 530 b.
- the first and second connection chords 530 a,b help define first and second portions of the tapered truss 500 .
- the first and second portions of the tapered truss 500 are made separately at a manufacturing site, then transported to a construction site. In some instances, it is more convenient and/or less expensive to transport separate portions of a truss rather than a complete truss.
- the first and second portions are joined at the construction site by attaching the first connection chord 530 a to the second connection chord 530 b with fasteners 540 .
- the first and second halves are joined at the construction site by welding the first connection chord 530 a to the second connection chord 530 b.
- the first and second halves are removably attached to each other at the construction site so that they may be later detached and transported to another location.
- FIG. 5 illustrates a partial view of the truss 500 and only shows a first and second truss portion.
- a truss may be constructed of a first half and second half, or it may include three or more truss portions.
- FIG. 6 illustrates a front view of an alternative embodiment of a half truss portion 600 .
- the half truss portion 600 is configured to be attached to a complementary half truss portion (not shown).
- the half truss portion 600 includes an upper truss member, illustrated in FIG. 6 as an outer rafter chord 610 .
- the outer rafter chord 610 is sloped to define half of a roof having eaves and a central ridge.
- the outer rafter chord 610 is a single, elongated beam or rod.
- the upper truss member may include a plurality of components.
- the half truss portion 600 further includes a lower truss member, illustrated in FIG. 6 as an inner rafter chord 620 .
- the inner rafter chord 620 is a single, elongated beam or rod.
- the lower truss member may include a plurality of components.
- the half truss portion 600 further includes a base member, illustrated in FIG. 6 as a horizontal base chord 630 .
- a base member illustrated in FIG. 6 as a horizontal base chord 630 .
- the outer rafter chord 610 , inner rafter chords 620 , and horizontal base chord 630 are all coplanar.
- the horizontal base chord 630 is a single, elongated beam or rod.
- the base member may include a plurality of components.
- the outer rafter chord 610 , the inner rafter chord 620 , and the horizontal base chord 630 are constructed of steel and have I-beam configurations.
- at least one of the outer rafter chord 610 , the inner rafter chord 620 , and the horizontal base chord 630 may be constructed of other metals, wood, a polymeric material, or other known construction materials.
- at least one of the outer rafter chord 610 , the inner rafter chord 620 , and the horizontal base chord 630 may have a cross-section that is L-shaped, C-shaped, T-shaped, square, rectangular, circular, oval, or any other regular or irregular polygonal shape.
- the bottom of the horizontal base chord 630 is connected to the outer rafter chord 610 and the inner rafter chord 620 in a configuration substantially similar to the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3 , resulting in a tapered truss.
- the angles between the components and their respective longitudinal axes (not shown) is substantially the same as described above with respect to FIG. 3 .
- the horizontal base chord 630 is configured to be connected to the top surface of a support member (not shown).
- the tapered configuration of the truss in combination with the placement of the truss on the top surface of support members results in a substantial reduction of a bending moment at the junction point and a corresponding reduction of right-left compression and horizontal reaction.
- the outer rafter chord 610 and the inner rafter chord 620 are joined by a first webbing, illustrated in FIG. 6 as a plurality of beams 640 .
- the beams 640 are attached to the outer rafter chord 610 and inner rafter chord 620 to form a series of triangles and polygons.
- the horizontal base chord 630 is also joined to the outer rafter chord 610 by beams.
- the beams 640 are directly attached to the outer rafter chord 610 and inner rafter chord 620 .
- the beams 640 may be welded or attached via fasteners. Exemplary fasteners include rivets, bolts, screws, nails, pins, and other known fasteners.
- the beams 640 are attached via junction plates, brace plates, or other known connectors.
- the beams 640 are constructed of steel and have a rectangular cross-section.
- the beams 640 may be constructed of other metal, wood, a polymeric material, or other known construction materials.
- the beams 640 may have cross-sections that are I-shaped, L-shaped, C-shaped, T-shaped, square, circular, oval, or any other regular or irregular polygonal shape.
- the half truss portion 600 is solid and the outer rafter chord 610 and inner rafter chord 620 are joined by a solid sheet.
- the half truss portion 600 further includes a plurality of retainers 650 to receive purlins for attaching a roof deck 660 .
- the half truss portion 600 does not include retainers and the roof deck 660 is attached directly to the outer rafter chord 610 .
- the half truss portion 600 further includes a vertical member 670 having a top end attached to the outer rafter chord 610 .
- the vertical member 670 acts as a connection member and is configured to be attached to a vertical member of a complementary half truss portion (not shown).
- the vertical member 670 is a single beam. In alternative embodiments (not shown), the vertical member includes multiple components.
- the half truss portion 600 further includes a horizontal ceiling joist chord 680 .
- the horizontal ceiling joist chord 680 is connected at a first end to the inner rafter chord 620 and is connected at a second end to a bottom end of the vertical member 670 .
- horizontal ceiling joist chord 680 is also joined to the outer rafter chord 610 via a second webbing defined by additional beams 690 .
- the horizontal ceiling joist chord 680 is a single beam. In alternative embodiments (not shown), the horizontal ceiling joist chord includes multiple components.
- a complementary half portion would include a second outer rafter chord, a second inner rafter chord, a second horizontal base chord, and a second horizontal ceiling joist chord, all substantially the same as the elements illustrated in the half truss portion 600 of FIG. 6 .
- the second outer rafter chord would further include a third webbing defined by beams, joining the second outer rafter chord to the second inner rafter chord, substantially the same as the first webbing illustrated in FIG. 6 .
- FIGS. 7-17 illustrate exemplary alternative embodiments of tapered trusses. It should be understood that the alternative embodiments may be constructed of any of the materials described above in relation to FIGS. 1-6 . It should also be understood that the components of the alternative embodiments may have any of the cross-sections described above in relation to FIGS. 1-6 . It should be further understood that any beam, rafter, chord, or other such component that is illustrated as a single element may be replaced with multiple components.
- FIG. 7 illustrates a front view of an alternative embodiment of a tapered truss 700 .
- the tapered truss 700 includes a first truss portion 710 a having a first outer rafter chord 720 a, a first inner rafter chord 730 a, a first horizontal base chord 740 a, and a first webbing comprised of a plurality of beams 750 a.
- the tapered truss 700 further includes a second truss portion 710 b having a second outer rafter chord 720 b, a second inner rafter chord 730 b, a second horizontal base chord 740 b, and a second webbing comprised of a plurality of beams 750 b.
- the truss 700 is tapered as described above with respect to FIGS. 2 and 3 .
- the truss 700 is constructed of materials similar to those described above in relation to FIGS. 2 and 3 .
- the inner and outer rafters are joined by solid sheets instead of a webbing.
- the truss 700 further includes a central truss portion 710 c having a horizontal ceiling joist chord 750 .
- the central truss portion 710 c includes additional outer rafter chords 720 c and is configured to be attached to the first and second truss portions 710 a,b in a manner described above in relation to FIG. 5 .
- the central truss portion 710 c thereby forms a central ridge of the truss 700 .
- the additional outer rafter chords 720 c are joined with the horizontal ceiling joist chord 760 by a webbing.
- the additional outer rafters 720 c are joined with the horizontal ceiling joist chord 760 by a solid sheet.
- FIG. 8 illustrates the truss 700 from FIG. 7 on support members S.
- the tapered configuration of the truss 700 in combination with its placement on the top surface of the support members S results in a substantial reduction of a bending moment at the junction point and a corresponding reduction of right-left compression and horizontal reaction.
- FIG. 9 illustrates a front view of another alternative embodiment of a tapered truss 900 .
- the tapered truss 900 includes a first truss portion 910 a having a first outer rafter chord 920 a, a first inner rafter chord 930 a, a first horizontal base member 940 a, and a first webbing comprised of a plurality of beams 950 a.
- the tapered truss 900 further includes a second portion 910 b having a second outer rafter chord 920 b, a second inner rafter chord 930 b, a second horizontal base member 940 b, and a second webbing comprised of a plurality of beams 950 b.
- the truss 900 is tapered as described above with respect to FIGS. 2 and 3 .
- the truss 900 is constructed of materials similar to those described above in relation to FIGS. 2 and 3 .
- the truss 900 further includes a central truss portion 910 c having a horizontal ceiling joist chord 960 .
- the central truss portion 910 c includes additional outer rafter chords 920 c, additional inner rafter chords 930 c, and a third webbing comprised of a plurality of beams 950 c.
- the central truss portion 910 c is configured to be attached to the first and second truss portions 910 a,b in a manner described above in relation to FIG. 5 .
- the central portion 910 c thereby forms a central ridge of the truss 900 .
- FIG. 10 illustrates the truss 900 of FIG. 9 on support members S.
- the tapered configuration of the truss 900 in combination with its placement on the top surface of the support members S results in a substantial reduction of a bending moment at the junction point and a corresponding reduction of right-left compression and horizontal reaction.
- FIG. 11 illustrates an alternative embodiment of a tapered truss 1100 on support members S.
- the truss 1100 is substantially similar to the tapered truss 900 shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 , but it does not include webbing. Instead, the truss 1100 includes a plurality of outer rafter chords 1110 , inner rafter chords 1120 , horizontal base chords 1130 , and a horizontal ceiling joist chord 1140 that are joined by solid steel sheets 1150 .
- the chords may be joined by sheets constructed of other metals, wood, a polymeric material, or other known construction materials.
- some chords are joined by a webbing and others are joined by a solid sheet.
- FIG. 12 illustrates a front view of a tapered gambrel roof truss 1200 on support members S.
- a gambrel is commonly understood to be a roof having two slopes on each side. The upper slope is positioned at a shallower angle while the lower slope has a steeper angle.
- the gambrel roof truss 1200 includes an upper tapered truss 1210 that defines the upper slopes of the gambrel.
- the upper tapered truss 1210 is similar in design to the tapered truss 700 described above in relation to FIG. 7 . It should be understood that the illustrated upper tapered truss 1210 is exemplary, and that any embodiment of a tapered truss described or suggested above may be employed.
- the lower slope is defined by first and second lower structures 1220 a,b.
- the first lower structure 1220 a includes an outer rafter chord 1230 a and an inner rafter chord 1240 a.
- the first lower structure further includes a horizontal base chord 1250 a configured to be connected to the top surface of a support member S and a top horizontal chord 1260 a configured to be attached to a horizontal base chord of the upper tapered truss 1210 .
- the outer rafter chord 1230 a is substantially parallel to the inner rafter chord 1240 a.
- the outer rafter chord 1230 a may be disposed at an acute angle with respect to the inner rafter chord 1240 a.
- the second lower structure 1220 b includes an outer rafter chord 1230 b and an inner rafter chord 1240 b.
- the second lower structure further includes a horizontal base chord 1250 b configured to be connected to the top surface of a support member S and a top horizontal chord 1260 b configured to be attached to a horizontal base chord of the upper tapered truss 1210 .
- the outer rafter chord 1230 b is substantially parallel to the inner rafter chord 1240 b.
- the outer rafter chord 1230 b may be disposed at an acute angle with respect to the inner rafter chord 1240 b.
- the upper tapered truss 1210 and the first and second lower structures 1220 a,b each include webbing configured to join the chords.
- the webbing is comprised of a plurality of beams 1270 .
- the beams 1270 may be attached to the chords using any of the attachment methods described above.
- FIG. 13 illustrates an alternative embodiment of a tapered gambrel roof truss 1300 on support members S.
- the tapered gambrel roof truss 1300 is substantially similar to the tapered gambrel roof truss 1200 shown in FIGS. 12 , but it does not include webbing.
- the tapered gambrel roof truss 1300 includes a plurality of chords that are joined by solid steel sheets 1310 .
- the chords may be joined by sheets constructed of other metal, wood, a polymeric material, or other known construction material.
- some chords are joined by a webbing and others are joined by a solid sheet.
- FIG. 14 illustrates an alternative embodiment of a tapered gambrel roof truss 1400 on support members S.
- the tapered gambrel roof truss 1400 is substantially the same as the tapered gambrel roof truss 1200 illustrated in FIG. 12 and includes an upper tapered truss 1410 and first and second lower structures 1420 a,b that are substantially the same as the corresponding components described above in relation to FIG. 12 .
- the tapered gambrel roof truss 1400 further includes a floor structure 1430 disposed between the support members S and first and second lower structures 1420 a,b.
- the floor structure 1430 includes upper rafter chords 1440 and lower rafter chords 1450 .
- the upper rafter chords 1440 are substantially horizontal and substantially parallel to the lower rafter chords 1450 .
- at least one of the upper rafter chords 1440 and the lower rafter chords 1450 may be sloped.
- the upper rafter chords 1440 may be disposed at an acute angle with respect to the lower rafter chords 1450 .
- the floor structure 1430 further includes webbing configured to join the upper rafter chords 1440 and lower rafter chords 1450 .
- the webbing is comprised of beams 1460 .
- the beams 1460 may be attached to the chords using any of the attachment methods described above.
- FIG. 15 illustrates an alternative embodiment of a tapered gambrel roof truss 1500 on support members S.
- the tapered gambrel roof truss 1500 is substantially similar to the tapered gambrel roof truss 1400 shown in FIGS. 14 , but it does not include webbing. Instead, the tapered gambrel roof truss 1500 includes a plurality of chords that are joined by solid steel sheets 1510 . In an alternative embodiment, the chords may be joined by sheets constructed of other metal, wood, a polymeric material, or other known construction materials. In another alternative embodiment (not shown) some chords are joined by a webbing and others are joined by a solid sheet.
- FIG. 16 illustrates a tapered lean-to truss 1600 on auxiliary support members A and abutting a structure.
- the lean-to truss 1600 abuts a structure substantially the same as the tapered truss 900 resting on support members S illustrated in FIG. 10 . It should be understood that the lean-to truss 1600 may abut any known structure.
- the tapered lean-to truss 1600 includes an outer rafter chord 1610 , an inner rafter chord 1620 , a horizontal base chord 1630 , and a vertical end chord 1640 .
- the vertical end chord 1640 is connected to the outer rafter chord 1610 and the inner rafter chord 1620 and is configured to be attached to a structure by any of the above described attachment methods.
- the horizontal base chord 1630 is connected to the outer rafter chord 1610 and the inner rafter chord 1620 in a manner similar to that described above in relation to FIG. 3 .
- the horizontal base chord 1630 is further configured to be attached to a top surface of an auxiliary support member A by any of the above described attachment methods.
- the tapered lean-to truss 1600 further includes webbing joining the outer rafter chord 1610 and the inner rafter chord 1620 .
- the webbing may also join the inner and outer rafter chords 1610 , 1620 to the horizontal base chord and the vertical chord.
- the webbing is comprised of beams 1650 .
- the beams 1650 may be attached to the chords using any of the attachment methods described above.
- FIG. 17 illustrates an alternative embodiment of a tapered lean-to roof truss 1700 on auxiliary support members A.
- the tapered lean-to roof truss 1700 is substantially similar to the tapered lean-to roof truss 1600 shown in FIGS. 16 , but it does not include webbing. Instead, the tapered lean-to roof truss 1700 includes a plurality of chords that are joined by solid steel sheets 1710 . In an alternative embodiment, the chords may be joined by sheets constructed of other metal, wood, a polymeric material, or other known construction materials.
- the tapered lean-to roof truss 1700 abuts a structure having a tapered truss with rafters joined by a solid sheet. However, it should be understood that the tapered lean-to roof truss 1700 may abut any structure, including structures employing a tapered truss with rafters joined by webbing.
- FIG. 18 illustrates a perspective view of an eave portion of a tapered truss 1800 that defines an end wall of a structure.
- the tapered truss 1800 includes an outer rafter chord 1810 and an inner rafter chord 1820 .
- a tapered truss defining an end wall may be attached to a side surface of a support member that further defines the end wall.
- the tapered truss 1800 is attached to a corner support member C by a truss tie 1830 .
- the truss tie 1830 is contoured such that an upper portion 1830 a is configured to lie flat against and be attached to the outer rafter 1810 , a lower portion 1830 b is configured to lie flat against and be attached to the inner rafter 1820 and a central portion 1830 c is configured to lie flat against and be attached to the corner support member C.
- the upper portion 1830 a of the truss tie 1830 is welded to the outer rafter 1810
- the lower portion 1830 b of the truss tie 1830 is welded to the inner rafter 1820
- the central portion 1830 c of the truss tie 1810 is bolted to the side of the corner support member C.
- any combination of the above described methods of attachment may be used.
- FIG. 19 illustrates a perspective view of a tapered truss 1900 that defines an end wall of a structure, at a location spaced away from the eave.
- the tapered truss 1900 includes an outer rafter 1910 and an inner rafter 1920 .
- the tapered truss 1900 is attached to a support member S by an upper truss tie 1930 and a lower truss tie 1940 .
- the upper truss tie 1930 is contoured such that an upper portion 1930 a is configured to lie flat against and be attached to the outer rafter 1910 and a lower portion 1930 b is configured to lie flat against and be attached to the support member S.
- the upper portion 1930 a of the upper truss tie 1930 is welded to the outer rafter 1910 and the lower portion 1930 b of the upper truss tie 1930 is bolted to the side of the support member S.
- any combination of the above described methods of attachment may be used.
- the lower truss tie 1940 is contoured such that a lower portion 1940 a is configured to lie flat against and be attached to the inner rafter 1920 and an upper portion 1940 b is configured to lie flat against and be attached to the support member S.
- the lower portion 1940 a of the lower truss tie 1940 is welded to the inner rafter 1920 and the upper portion 1940 b of the upper truss tie 1940 is bolted to the side of the support member S.
- any combination of the above described methods of attachment may be used.
- FIG. 20 illustrates a lower connection for an X-brace, such as the X-brace 120 illustrated in FIG. 1 .
- an L-shaped bracket 2000 is attached to a support member S.
- the L-shaped bracket 2000 is bolted to the support member S.
- any combination of the above described methods of attachment may be used.
- the X-brace is defined by a cable 2010 .
- the cable 2010 is attached to a first eyelet screw 2020 , which is inserted into a first end of a threaded tube 2030 .
- a second eyelet screw 2040 is inserted into a second end of the threaded tube 2030 .
- the second eyelet screw is then bolted to the bracket 2000 and the support member S.
- the bracket is a flat bracket instead of L-shaped.
- FIG. 21 illustrates a first girt retaining assembly 2100 for attaching a first girt G 1 to a corner support member C.
- the first girt retaining assembly 2100 includes a first bracket 2110 and a second bracket (not show), each configured to be attached to the first girt G 1 .
- the first and second brackets are further configured to be attached to a connecting member 2120 , shown here as a block.
- the connecting member 2120 is configured to be attached to the corner support member C.
- the first and second brackets are part of a unitary clip. In another embodiment, the first and second brackets are separate components.
- the first girt retaining assembly 2100 is aligned with the corner support member C such that the first girt G 1 is substantially perpendicular to the corner support member C and is substantially parallel to the ground.
- the girt retaining assembly 2100 may be attached to the support member S at any desired angle.
- a second girt retaining assembly is hidden from view.
- the second girt retaining assembly is substantially the same as the girt retaining assembly 2100 described above, and is attached to the corner support member C such that a second girt G 2 is aligned substantially perpendicularly to the corner support member C and is also aligned substantially perpendicularly to the girt G 1 held by the girt retaining assembly 2100 .
- FIG. 22 illustrates an alternative embodiment of a girt retaining assembly 2200 for attaching a pair of girts G 1 , G 2 to a support member S.
- the girt retaining assembly 2200 includes first and second upper brackets 2210 a,b and first and second lower brackets (not show), each configured to be attached to a connecting member 2220 , shown here as a block.
- the connecting member 2220 is configured to be attached to the support member S.
- the first upper bracket and the first lower bracket are configured to retain a first girt G 1 and the second upper and second lower bracket are configured to retain a second girt G 2 .
- the first upper lower brackets are part of a first unitary clip and the second upper and lower brackets are part of a second unitary clip.
- the each bracket is a separate component.
- the girt retaining assembly 2200 is aligned with the support member S such that the first and second girts G 1 , G 2 are each substantially perpendicular to the support member S and substantially parallel to the ground. Further, as can be seen in the illustrated embodiment, the first girt G 1 is substantially collinear with the second girt G 2 . In alternative embodiments, the girt retaining assembly 2200 may be attached to the support member S at any desired angle.
Abstract
A tapered truss is provided. In one embodiment, the truss has a pair of base members configured to be attached to a top surface of a vertical support member. The truss may further have an upper pair of truss members and a lower pair of truss members. Each upper truss member each forms an acute angle with a respective base member and each lower truss member forms an obtuse angle from the respective base member such that the lower truss member is not parallel to the upper truss member. The truss may additionally include a ceiling joist member connected to each of the lower truss members. In one embodiment, the ceiling joist member is substantially parallel to the pair of base members.
Description
- The present application relates to a roof truss structure. More particularly, the application relates to a tapered roof truss structure.
- A variety of truss constructions are known in the art for roof support in wide-span buildings. In one known prior art embodiment, a moment connection exists between the truss and its supporting columns or walls. This moment connection causes right-left compression and an associated reaction at the base of each column or wall, which is known as horizontal reaction. A horizontal reaction will occur at the bottom of a vertical column whenever the top of such column is exposed to a non-vertical or angular moment, generally known as a bending moment. In the field of wide-span construction, the accepted consequence of the presence of a horizontal reaction is that large supports are required to buttress the base of each vertical column or wall against the forces of the horizontal reaction.
- The accompanying drawings, together with the detailed description provided below, describe exemplary embodiments of the claimed invention. Like elements are identified with the same reference numerals. The drawings are not to scale and the proportion of certain elements may be exaggerated for the purpose of illustration.
-
FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of a structure employing a plurality of tapered trusses; -
FIG. 2 illustrates a front view of one embodiment of a tapered truss on support members; -
FIG. 3 illustrates a partial front view of an end portion of one embodiment of a tapered truss on support members; -
FIG. 4 illustrates a perspective view of one embodiment of a connection between a tapered truss and a support member; -
FIG. 5 illustrates a partial front view of a connection between two portions of a tapered truss; -
FIG. 6 illustrates a front view of a half section of an alternative embodiment of a tapered truss; -
FIG. 7 illustrates a front view of an alternative embodiment of a tapered truss; -
FIG. 8 illustrates a front view of an alternative embodiment of a tapered truss on support members; -
FIG. 9 illustrates a front view of another alternative embodiment of a tapered truss; -
FIG. 10 illustrates a front view of another alternative embodiment of a tapered truss on support members; -
FIG. 11 illustrates a front view of a solid, tapered truss on support members; -
FIG. 12 illustrates a front view of a tapered gambrel truss; -
FIG. 13 illustrates a front view of a solid, tapered gambrel truss; -
FIG. 14 illustrates a front view of a tapered gambrel truss having a lofted floor; -
FIG. 15 illustrates a front view of a solid, tapered gambrel truss having a lofted floor; -
FIG. 16 illustrates a front view of a tapered lean-to truss; -
FIG. 17 illustrates a front view of a solid, tapered lean-to truss; -
FIG. 18 illustrates a perspective view of a connection between a truss and a support member defining an eave portion of an end wall; -
FIG. 19 illustrates a perspective view of a connection between a truss and a support member defining an end wall, spaced away from the eave; -
FIG. 20 illustrates a perspective view of a lower bracket and connection for bracing a wall; -
FIG. 21 illustrates one embodiment of a girt retaining assembly; and -
FIG. 22 illustrates an alternative embodiment of a girt retaining assembly. -
FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of astructure 100 employing a plurality oftapered trusses 110 a-f. In the illustrated embodiment, thetrusses 110 a-f are attached to a plurality of support members S. In the illustrated embodiment, the support members are columns constructed of steel, wood, concrete, a polymeric material, other known construction materials, or a combination thereof. In an alternative embodiment (not shown), the support members are solid walls. It should be understood that the number of trusses and support members employed in thestructure 100 may vary according to the size of the structure. - In one embodiment, the
tapered trusses 110 a-f are all configured to be attached to top surfaces of the respective support members S. In another embodiment, the tapered trusses that define the end walls E of the structure (illustrated here as tapered truss 110 a and tapered truss 110 f) are attached to a side surface of the associated support members S, while the tapered trusses that are spaced away from the end walls E (illustrated here astapered truss 110 b, tapered truss 110 c, tapered truss 110 d, and tapered truss 110 e) are attached to the top surfaces of the associated support members S. - With continued reference to
FIG. 1 , thestructure 100 includes a plurality of girts G attached to the support members S, thereby providing a frame to define a first and second end wall E and a first and second sidewall W. Thestructure 100 further includes a plurality ofX-braces 120 configured to provide additional support for the frame. While the illustrated embodiment shows oneX-brace 120 disposed on each sidewall W, and a pair of X-braces disposed along a roof portion of thestructure 100, it should be understood that any number of X-braces may be employed. -
FIG. 2 illustrates a front view of one embodiment of atapered roof truss 110 on support members S. In the illustrated embodiment, thetapered truss 110 includes upper truss members, illustrated inFIG. 2 as a firstouter rafter chord 210 a and a secondouter rafter chord 210 b. The first and secondouter rafter chords 210 a,b are sloped to define aroof having eaves 220 a,b and acentral ridge 230. In the illustrated embodiment, eachouter rafter chord 210 a,b is a single, elongated beam or rod. In an alternative embodiment (not shown), the upper truss members may include a plurality of components. - The
tapered truss 110 further includes lower truss members, illustrated inFIG. 2 as a firstinner rafter chord 240 a and a secondinner rafter chord 240 b. Eachinner rafter chord 240 a,b is a single, elongated beam or rod. In an alternative embodiment (not shown), the lower truss members may include a plurality of components. - The
tapered truss 110 further includes base members, illustrated inFIG. 2 as a firsthorizontal base chord 250 a and a secondhorizontal base chord 250 b. It should be understood that theouter rafter chords 210 a,b,inner rafter chords 240 a,b, andhorizontal base chords 250 a,b are all coplanar, as can be seen inFIG. 1 . In the illustrated embodiment, eachhorizontal base chord 250 a,b is a single, elongated beam or rod. In an alternative embodiment (not shown), the base members may include a plurality of components. - In one embodiment, each
outer rafter chord 210 a,b, eachinner rafter chord 240 a,b, and eachhorizontal base chord 250 a,b is constructed of steel and has an I-beam configuration. In alternative embodiments, at least one of theouter rafter chords 210 a,b,inner rafter chords 240 a,b, andhorizontal base chords 250 a,b may be constructed of other metal, wood, a polymeric material, or other known construction materials. Further, in alternative embodiments at least one of theouter rafter chords 210 a,b,inner rafter chords 240 a,b, andhorizontal base chords 250 a,b may have cross-sections that are L-shaped, C-shaped, T-shaped, square, rectangular, circular, oval, or any other regular or irregular polygonal shape. - With continued reference to
FIG. 2 , the bottom of eachhorizontal base chord 250 a,b is connected to the top surface of a support member S. In one embodiment, eachhorizontal base chord 250 a,b is welded or attached to its respective support member S via fasteners. Exemplary fasteners include rivets, bolts, screws, nails, pins, and other known fasteners. In an alternative embodiment, thebase chords 250 a,b simply rest on the support members S. - In one embodiment, the upper truss members and lower truss members are joined by a webbing, illustrated in
FIG. 2 as a plurality ofbeams 260. Thebeams 260 are attached to theouter rafters 210 a,b andinner rafters 240 a,b to form a series of triangles or other geometric shapes. In one embodiment, thehorizontal base chords 250 a,b are also joined toouter rafters 210 a,b bybeams 260. In the illustrated embodiment, thebeams 260 are directly attached to theouter rafters 210 a,b,inner rafters 240 a,b, andhorizontal base chords 250 a,b. Thebeams 260 may be welded or attached via fasteners. Exemplary fasteners include rivets, bolts, screws, nails, pins, and other known fasteners. In an alternative embodiment (not shown), the beams are attached via junction plates, brace plates, or other known connectors. In another alternative embodiment (not shown), thetruss 110 is solid and theouter rafters 210 a,b andinner rafters 240 a,b are joined by a solid sheet. - In one embodiment, the
beams 260 are constructed of steel and have a rectangular cross-section. In alternative embodiments, thebeams 260 may be constructed of other metals, wood, a polymeric material, or other known construction materials. Further, in alternative embodiments, thebeams 260 may have cross-sections that are I-shaped, L-shaped, C-shaped, T-shaped, square, circular, oval, or any other regular or irregular polygonal shape. - With continued reference to
FIG. 2 , the taperedtruss 110 further includes a plurality ofretainers 270 configured to receive purlins for attaching a roof deck or sheathing. In an alternative embodiment (not shown), the taperedtruss 110 does not includeretainers 270 and the roof deck or sheathing is attached directly to theouter rafters 210 a,b. -
FIG. 3 illustrates a partial front view of an end portion of one embodiment of atapered truss 110. In the illustrated embodiment, an end of the firstouter rafter 210 a is connected to thehorizontal base chord 250 a, thereby defining afirst eave 220 a. The firstouter rafter 210 a and thehorizontal base chord 250 a form an acute angle α. The slope of the firstouter rafter 210 a is equal to the acute angle α. In one embodiment, the slope of the firstouter rafter 210 a is between about 2:12 to about 12:12. - With continued reference to
FIG. 3 , an end of the firstinner rafter 240 a is connected to thehorizontal base chord 250 a, forming an obtuse inner angle θ. The slope of the firstinner rafter 240 a is equal to the supplementary angle β of the obtuse angle θ. In the illustrated embodiment, the slope of the first inner rafter is less than the slope of the first outer rafter. In one embodiment, the slope of the firstinner rafter 240 a is about 1:12 to about 1:12. - In the illustrated embodiment, the first
outer rafter 210 a has alongitudinal axis 310 and firstinner rafter 240 a has alongitudinal axis 320, wherein thelongitudinal axes outer rafters truss 110 has a tapered profile, as shown inFIG. 2 . In the illustrated embodiment, the slopes of the inner andouter rafters center ridge 230 of thetruss 110. Therefore, no portion of the upper truss member is parallel to any portion of the lower truss member and the entire length of thetruss 110 is tapered from thecenter ridge 230 to each of theeaves 220 a,b. The tapered configuration of thetruss 110 in combination with the placement of the truss on the top surface of the support members S results in a substantial reduction of a bending moment at the junction point and a corresponding reduction of right-left compression and horizontal reaction. -
FIG. 4 illustrates one embodiment of abracket assembly 400 for connecting atapered truss 110 to the top surface of a support member S. In the illustrated embodiment, thebracket assembly 400 includes ahorizontal bracket 410 configured to be attached to the bottom of atapered truss 110. Thehorizontal bracket 410 includes aslot 420 configured to receive abolt 430 or other fastener. Exemplary fasteners include nails, screws, rivets, ties, pins, and other known fasteners. In one embodiment, thehorizontal bracket 410 is welded to the bottom of the taperedtruss 110. In an alternative embodiment, thehorizontal bracket 410 is attached to the taperedtruss 110 via one or more fasteners such as a bolt, screw, nail, rivet, tie, pin, or other known fastener. - With continued reference to
FIG. 4 , thebracket assembly 400 further includes an L-shapedbracket 440 having amajor length 450 configured to be attached to the support member S, and a minor length (not shown) configured to be attached to a bottom surface of thehorizontal bracket 410. In one embodiment, the minor length of the L-shapedbracket 440 has an aperture corresponding to theslot 420 of thehorizontal bracket 410. Thebolt 430 or other fastener is passed through the aperture of the minor length of the L-shaped bracket and through theslot 420 of thehorizontal bracket 410, thereby fastening thehorizontal bracket 410 to the L-shapedbracket 440. - In the illustrated embodiment, the
major length 450 of the L-shapedbracket 440 is bolted to the support member S. In alternative embodiments (not shown), themajor length 450 of the L-shaped bracket may be nailed, screwed, tied, or welded to the support member S, or it may be attached using other known methods of attachment. -
FIG. 5 illustrates a partial front view of a connection between two portions of atapered truss 500. In the illustrated embodiment, a firstouter rafter 510 a and a firstinner rafter 520 a are each connected to afirst connection chord 530 a. Further, a secondouter rafter 510 b and a secondinner rafter 520 b are each connected to asecond connection chord 530 b. Thefirst connection chord 530 a is attached to thesecond connection chord 530 b viafasteners 540 to form the taperedtruss 500. In the illustrated embodiment, thefasteners 540 are bolts. In alternative embodiments (not shown), other fasteners such as rivets, screws, nails, ties, or pins may be employed. In another alternative embodiment (not shown), thefirst connection chord 530 a is welded to thesecond connection chord 530 b. - In the illustrated embodiment, the first and
second connection chords 530 a,b help define first and second portions of the taperedtruss 500. In one known method of making the taperedtruss 500, the first and second portions of the taperedtruss 500 are made separately at a manufacturing site, then transported to a construction site. In some instances, it is more convenient and/or less expensive to transport separate portions of a truss rather than a complete truss. The first and second portions are joined at the construction site by attaching thefirst connection chord 530 a to thesecond connection chord 530 b withfasteners 540. In an alternative embodiment, the first and second halves are joined at the construction site by welding thefirst connection chord 530 a to thesecond connection chord 530 b. In another alternative embodiment, in which the tapered truss is part of a temporary structure, the first and second halves are removably attached to each other at the construction site so that they may be later detached and transported to another location. - It should be understood that
FIG. 5 illustrates a partial view of thetruss 500 and only shows a first and second truss portion. As will be further discussed below, a truss may be constructed of a first half and second half, or it may include three or more truss portions. -
FIG. 6 illustrates a front view of an alternative embodiment of ahalf truss portion 600. Thehalf truss portion 600 is configured to be attached to a complementary half truss portion (not shown). In the illustrated embodiment, thehalf truss portion 600 includes an upper truss member, illustrated inFIG. 6 as anouter rafter chord 610. Theouter rafter chord 610 is sloped to define half of a roof having eaves and a central ridge. In the illustrated embodiment, theouter rafter chord 610 is a single, elongated beam or rod. In an alternative embodiment (not shown), the upper truss member may include a plurality of components. - The
half truss portion 600 further includes a lower truss member, illustrated inFIG. 6 as aninner rafter chord 620. Theinner rafter chord 620 is a single, elongated beam or rod. In an alternative embodiment (not shown), the lower truss member may include a plurality of components. - The
half truss portion 600 further includes a base member, illustrated inFIG. 6 as ahorizontal base chord 630. It should be understood that theouter rafter chord 610,inner rafter chords 620, andhorizontal base chord 630 are all coplanar. In the illustrated embodiment, thehorizontal base chord 630 is a single, elongated beam or rod. In an alternative embodiment (not shown), the base member may include a plurality of components. - In one embodiment, the
outer rafter chord 610, theinner rafter chord 620, and thehorizontal base chord 630 are constructed of steel and have I-beam configurations. In alternative embodiments, at least one of theouter rafter chord 610, theinner rafter chord 620, and thehorizontal base chord 630 may be constructed of other metals, wood, a polymeric material, or other known construction materials. Further, in alternative embodiments, at least one of theouter rafter chord 610, theinner rafter chord 620, and thehorizontal base chord 630 may have a cross-section that is L-shaped, C-shaped, T-shaped, square, rectangular, circular, oval, or any other regular or irregular polygonal shape. - The bottom of the
horizontal base chord 630 is connected to theouter rafter chord 610 and theinner rafter chord 620 in a configuration substantially similar to the embodiment illustrated inFIGS. 2 and 3 , resulting in a tapered truss. The angles between the components and their respective longitudinal axes (not shown) is substantially the same as described above with respect toFIG. 3 . Additionally, thehorizontal base chord 630 is configured to be connected to the top surface of a support member (not shown). The tapered configuration of the truss in combination with the placement of the truss on the top surface of support members results in a substantial reduction of a bending moment at the junction point and a corresponding reduction of right-left compression and horizontal reaction. - In one embodiment, the
outer rafter chord 610 and theinner rafter chord 620 are joined by a first webbing, illustrated inFIG. 6 as a plurality ofbeams 640. Thebeams 640 are attached to theouter rafter chord 610 andinner rafter chord 620 to form a series of triangles and polygons. In one embodiment (not shown), thehorizontal base chord 630 is also joined to theouter rafter chord 610 by beams. In the illustrated embodiment, thebeams 640 are directly attached to theouter rafter chord 610 andinner rafter chord 620. Thebeams 640 may be welded or attached via fasteners. Exemplary fasteners include rivets, bolts, screws, nails, pins, and other known fasteners. In an alternative embodiment (not shown), thebeams 640 are attached via junction plates, brace plates, or other known connectors. - In one embodiment, the
beams 640 are constructed of steel and have a rectangular cross-section. In alternative embodiments, thebeams 640 may be constructed of other metal, wood, a polymeric material, or other known construction materials. Further, in alternative embodiments, thebeams 640 may have cross-sections that are I-shaped, L-shaped, C-shaped, T-shaped, square, circular, oval, or any other regular or irregular polygonal shape. In another alternative embodiment (not shown), thehalf truss portion 600 is solid and theouter rafter chord 610 andinner rafter chord 620 are joined by a solid sheet. - With continued reference to
FIG. 6 , thehalf truss portion 600 further includes a plurality ofretainers 650 to receive purlins for attaching aroof deck 660. In an alternative embodiment (not shown), thehalf truss portion 600 does not include retainers and theroof deck 660 is attached directly to theouter rafter chord 610. - In the illustrated embodiment, the
half truss portion 600 further includes avertical member 670 having a top end attached to theouter rafter chord 610. Thevertical member 670 acts as a connection member and is configured to be attached to a vertical member of a complementary half truss portion (not shown). In the illustrated embodiment, thevertical member 670 is a single beam. In alternative embodiments (not shown), the vertical member includes multiple components. - The
half truss portion 600 further includes a horizontalceiling joist chord 680. The horizontalceiling joist chord 680 is connected at a first end to theinner rafter chord 620 and is connected at a second end to a bottom end of thevertical member 670. In the illustrated embodiment, horizontalceiling joist chord 680 is also joined to theouter rafter chord 610 via a second webbing defined byadditional beams 690. In the illustrated embodiment, the horizontalceiling joist chord 680 is a single beam. In alternative embodiments (not shown), the horizontal ceiling joist chord includes multiple components. - It should be understood that a complementary half portion (not shown) would include a second outer rafter chord, a second inner rafter chord, a second horizontal base chord, and a second horizontal ceiling joist chord, all substantially the same as the elements illustrated in the
half truss portion 600 ofFIG. 6 . The second outer rafter chord would further include a third webbing defined by beams, joining the second outer rafter chord to the second inner rafter chord, substantially the same as the first webbing illustrated inFIG. 6 . -
FIGS. 7-17 illustrate exemplary alternative embodiments of tapered trusses. It should be understood that the alternative embodiments may be constructed of any of the materials described above in relation toFIGS. 1-6 . It should also be understood that the components of the alternative embodiments may have any of the cross-sections described above in relation toFIGS. 1-6 . It should be further understood that any beam, rafter, chord, or other such component that is illustrated as a single element may be replaced with multiple components. -
FIG. 7 illustrates a front view of an alternative embodiment of atapered truss 700. In this embodiment, the taperedtruss 700 includes afirst truss portion 710 a having a firstouter rafter chord 720 a, a firstinner rafter chord 730 a, a firsthorizontal base chord 740 a, and a first webbing comprised of a plurality ofbeams 750 a. The taperedtruss 700 further includes asecond truss portion 710 b having a secondouter rafter chord 720 b, a secondinner rafter chord 730 b, a secondhorizontal base chord 740 b, and a second webbing comprised of a plurality ofbeams 750 b. Thetruss 700 is tapered as described above with respect toFIGS. 2 and 3 . Thetruss 700 is constructed of materials similar to those described above in relation toFIGS. 2 and 3 . In an alternative embodiment (not shown), the inner and outer rafters are joined by solid sheets instead of a webbing. - The
truss 700 further includes acentral truss portion 710 c having a horizontal ceiling joist chord 750. Thecentral truss portion 710 c includes additionalouter rafter chords 720 c and is configured to be attached to the first andsecond truss portions 710 a,b in a manner described above in relation toFIG. 5 . Thecentral truss portion 710 c thereby forms a central ridge of thetruss 700. In an alternative embodiment (not shown), the additionalouter rafter chords 720 c are joined with the horizontalceiling joist chord 760 by a webbing. In another alternative embodiment (not shown), the additionalouter rafters 720 c are joined with the horizontalceiling joist chord 760 by a solid sheet. -
FIG. 8 illustrates thetruss 700 fromFIG. 7 on support members S. The tapered configuration of thetruss 700 in combination with its placement on the top surface of the support members S results in a substantial reduction of a bending moment at the junction point and a corresponding reduction of right-left compression and horizontal reaction. -
FIG. 9 illustrates a front view of another alternative embodiment of atapered truss 900. In this embodiment, the taperedtruss 900 includes a first truss portion 910 a having a first outer rafter chord 920 a, a first inner rafter chord 930 a, a first horizontal base member 940 a, and a first webbing comprised of a plurality of beams 950 a. The taperedtruss 900 further includes a second portion 910 b having a second outer rafter chord 920 b, a second inner rafter chord 930 b, a second horizontal base member 940 b, and a second webbing comprised of a plurality of beams 950 b. Thetruss 900 is tapered as described above with respect toFIGS. 2 and 3 . Thetruss 900 is constructed of materials similar to those described above in relation toFIGS. 2 and 3 . - The
truss 900 further includes a central truss portion 910 c having a horizontalceiling joist chord 960. The central truss portion 910 c includes additional outer rafter chords 920 c, additional inner rafter chords 930 c, and a third webbing comprised of a plurality of beams 950 c. The central truss portion 910 c is configured to be attached to the first and second truss portions 910 a,b in a manner described above in relation toFIG. 5 . The central portion 910 c thereby forms a central ridge of thetruss 900. -
FIG. 10 illustrates thetruss 900 ofFIG. 9 on support members S. The tapered configuration of thetruss 900 in combination with its placement on the top surface of the support members S results in a substantial reduction of a bending moment at the junction point and a corresponding reduction of right-left compression and horizontal reaction. -
FIG. 11 illustrates an alternative embodiment of a taperedtruss 1100 on support members S. Thetruss 1100 is substantially similar to the taperedtruss 900 shown inFIGS. 9 and 10 , but it does not include webbing. Instead, thetruss 1100 includes a plurality ofouter rafter chords 1110,inner rafter chords 1120,horizontal base chords 1130, and a horizontalceiling joist chord 1140 that are joined bysolid steel sheets 1150. In an alternative embodiment, the chords may be joined by sheets constructed of other metals, wood, a polymeric material, or other known construction materials. In another alternative embodiment (not shown) some chords are joined by a webbing and others are joined by a solid sheet. -
FIG. 12 illustrates a front view of a tapered gambrel roof truss 1200 on support members S. A gambrel is commonly understood to be a roof having two slopes on each side. The upper slope is positioned at a shallower angle while the lower slope has a steeper angle. In the illustrated embodiment, the gambrel roof truss 1200 includes an upper taperedtruss 1210 that defines the upper slopes of the gambrel. In this embodiment, the upper taperedtruss 1210 is similar in design to the taperedtruss 700 described above in relation toFIG. 7 . It should be understood that the illustrated upper taperedtruss 1210 is exemplary, and that any embodiment of a tapered truss described or suggested above may be employed. - With continued reference to
FIG. 12 , the lower slope is defined by first and second lower structures 1220 a,b. The first lower structure 1220 a includes an outer rafter chord 1230 a and an inner rafter chord 1240 a. The first lower structure further includes a horizontal base chord 1250 a configured to be connected to the top surface of a support member S and a top horizontal chord 1260 a configured to be attached to a horizontal base chord of the upper taperedtruss 1210. In the illustrated embodiment, the outer rafter chord 1230 a is substantially parallel to the inner rafter chord 1240 a. In an alternative embodiment (not shown), the outer rafter chord 1230 a may be disposed at an acute angle with respect to the inner rafter chord 1240 a. - In the illustrated embodiment, the second lower structure 1220 b includes an outer rafter chord 1230 b and an inner rafter chord 1240 b. The second lower structure further includes a horizontal base chord 1250 b configured to be connected to the top surface of a support member S and a top horizontal chord 1260 b configured to be attached to a horizontal base chord of the upper tapered
truss 1210. In the illustrated embodiment, the outer rafter chord 1230 b is substantially parallel to the inner rafter chord 1240 b. In an alternative embodiment (not shown), the outer rafter chord 1230 b may be disposed at an acute angle with respect to the inner rafter chord 1240 b. - With continued reference to
FIG. 12 , the upper taperedtruss 1210 and the first and second lower structures 1220 a,b each include webbing configured to join the chords. In the illustrated embodiment, the webbing is comprised of a plurality ofbeams 1270. Thebeams 1270 may be attached to the chords using any of the attachment methods described above. -
FIG. 13 illustrates an alternative embodiment of a taperedgambrel roof truss 1300 on support members S. The taperedgambrel roof truss 1300 is substantially similar to the tapered gambrel roof truss 1200 shown inFIGS. 12 , but it does not include webbing. Instead, the taperedgambrel roof truss 1300 includes a plurality of chords that are joined bysolid steel sheets 1310. In an alternative embodiment, the chords may be joined by sheets constructed of other metal, wood, a polymeric material, or other known construction material. In another alternative embodiment (not shown) some chords are joined by a webbing and others are joined by a solid sheet. -
FIG. 14 illustrates an alternative embodiment of a taperedgambrel roof truss 1400 on support members S. In this embodiment, the taperedgambrel roof truss 1400 is substantially the same as the tapered gambrel roof truss 1200 illustrated inFIG. 12 and includes an upper taperedtruss 1410 and first and second lower structures 1420 a,b that are substantially the same as the corresponding components described above in relation toFIG. 12 . The taperedgambrel roof truss 1400 further includes a floor structure 1430 disposed between the support members S and first and second lower structures 1420 a,b. In the illustrated embodiment, the floor structure 1430 includesupper rafter chords 1440 andlower rafter chords 1450. In the illustrated embodiment, theupper rafter chords 1440 are substantially horizontal and substantially parallel to thelower rafter chords 1450. In an alternative embodiment (not shown), at least one of theupper rafter chords 1440 and thelower rafter chords 1450 may be sloped. In another alternative embodiment (not shown), theupper rafter chords 1440 may be disposed at an acute angle with respect to thelower rafter chords 1450. - With continued reference to
FIG. 14 , the floor structure 1430 further includes webbing configured to join theupper rafter chords 1440 andlower rafter chords 1450. In the illustrated embodiment, the webbing is comprised ofbeams 1460. Thebeams 1460 may be attached to the chords using any of the attachment methods described above. -
FIG. 15 illustrates an alternative embodiment of a taperedgambrel roof truss 1500 on support members S. The taperedgambrel roof truss 1500 is substantially similar to the taperedgambrel roof truss 1400 shown inFIGS. 14 , but it does not include webbing. Instead, the taperedgambrel roof truss 1500 includes a plurality of chords that are joined bysolid steel sheets 1510. In an alternative embodiment, the chords may be joined by sheets constructed of other metal, wood, a polymeric material, or other known construction materials. In another alternative embodiment (not shown) some chords are joined by a webbing and others are joined by a solid sheet. -
FIG. 16 illustrates a tapered lean-to truss 1600 on auxiliary support members A and abutting a structure. In the illustrated embodiment, the lean-to truss 1600 abuts a structure substantially the same as thetapered truss 900 resting on support members S illustrated inFIG. 10 . It should be understood that the lean-to truss 1600 may abut any known structure. - In the illustrated embodiment, the tapered lean-
to truss 1600 includes an outer rafter chord 1610, aninner rafter chord 1620, ahorizontal base chord 1630, and avertical end chord 1640. Thevertical end chord 1640 is connected to the outer rafter chord 1610 and theinner rafter chord 1620 and is configured to be attached to a structure by any of the above described attachment methods. Thehorizontal base chord 1630 is connected to the outer rafter chord 1610 and theinner rafter chord 1620 in a manner similar to that described above in relation toFIG. 3 . Thehorizontal base chord 1630 is further configured to be attached to a top surface of an auxiliary support member A by any of the above described attachment methods. - With continued reference to
FIG. 16 , the tapered lean-to truss 1600 further includes webbing joining the outer rafter chord 1610 and theinner rafter chord 1620. The webbing may also join the inner andouter rafter chords 1610, 1620 to the horizontal base chord and the vertical chord. In the illustrated embodiment, the webbing is comprised of beams 1650. The beams 1650 may be attached to the chords using any of the attachment methods described above. -
FIG. 17 illustrates an alternative embodiment of a tapered lean-toroof truss 1700 on auxiliary support members A. The tapered lean-toroof truss 1700 is substantially similar to the tapered lean-toroof truss 1600 shown inFIGS. 16 , but it does not include webbing. Instead, the tapered lean-toroof truss 1700 includes a plurality of chords that are joined bysolid steel sheets 1710. In an alternative embodiment, the chords may be joined by sheets constructed of other metal, wood, a polymeric material, or other known construction materials. In the illustrated embodiment, the tapered lean-toroof truss 1700 abuts a structure having a tapered truss with rafters joined by a solid sheet. However, it should be understood that the tapered lean-toroof truss 1700 may abut any structure, including structures employing a tapered truss with rafters joined by webbing. -
FIG. 18 illustrates a perspective view of an eave portion of a taperedtruss 1800 that defines an end wall of a structure. The taperedtruss 1800 includes anouter rafter chord 1810 and aninner rafter chord 1820. As described above in relation toFIG. 1 , a tapered truss defining an end wall may be attached to a side surface of a support member that further defines the end wall. In the embodiment illustrated inFIG. 18 , the taperedtruss 1800 is attached to a corner support member C by atruss tie 1830. In the illustrated embodiment, thetruss tie 1830 is contoured such that an upper portion 1830 a is configured to lie flat against and be attached to theouter rafter 1810, a lower portion 1830 b is configured to lie flat against and be attached to theinner rafter 1820 and a central portion 1830 c is configured to lie flat against and be attached to the corner support member C. In the illustrated embodiment, the upper portion 1830 a of thetruss tie 1830 is welded to theouter rafter 1810, the lower portion 1830 b of thetruss tie 1830 is welded to theinner rafter 1820, and the central portion 1830 c of thetruss tie 1810 is bolted to the side of the corner support member C. However, it should be understood that any combination of the above described methods of attachment may be used. -
FIG. 19 illustrates a perspective view of a taperedtruss 1900 that defines an end wall of a structure, at a location spaced away from the eave. The taperedtruss 1900 includes anouter rafter 1910 and aninner rafter 1920. In the illustrated embodiment, the taperedtruss 1900 is attached to a support member S by an upper truss tie 1930 and alower truss tie 1940. The upper truss tie 1930 is contoured such that an upper portion 1930 a is configured to lie flat against and be attached to theouter rafter 1910 and a lower portion 1930 b is configured to lie flat against and be attached to the support member S. In the illustrated embodiment, the upper portion 1930 a of the upper truss tie 1930 is welded to theouter rafter 1910 and the lower portion 1930 b of the upper truss tie 1930 is bolted to the side of the support member S. However, it should be understood that any combination of the above described methods of attachment may be used. - With continued reference to
FIG. 19 , thelower truss tie 1940 is contoured such that a lower portion 1940 a is configured to lie flat against and be attached to theinner rafter 1920 and an upper portion 1940 b is configured to lie flat against and be attached to the support member S. In the illustrated embodiment, the lower portion 1940 a of thelower truss tie 1940 is welded to theinner rafter 1920 and the upper portion 1940 b of theupper truss tie 1940 is bolted to the side of the support member S. However, it should be understood that any combination of the above described methods of attachment may be used. -
FIG. 20 illustrates a lower connection for an X-brace, such as theX-brace 120 illustrated inFIG. 1 . InFIG. 20 , an L-shapedbracket 2000 is attached to a support member S. In the illustrated embodiment, the L-shapedbracket 2000 is bolted to the support member S. However, it should be understood that any combination of the above described methods of attachment may be used. - In the illustrated embodiment, the X-brace is defined by a
cable 2010. Thecable 2010 is attached to afirst eyelet screw 2020, which is inserted into a first end of a threadedtube 2030. Asecond eyelet screw 2040 is inserted into a second end of the threadedtube 2030. The second eyelet screw is then bolted to thebracket 2000 and the support member S. In an alternative embodiment (not shown), the bracket is a flat bracket instead of L-shaped. -
FIG. 21 illustrates a firstgirt retaining assembly 2100 for attaching a first girt G1 to a corner support member C. In the illustrated embodiment, the firstgirt retaining assembly 2100 includes afirst bracket 2110 and a second bracket (not show), each configured to be attached to the first girt G1. The first and second brackets are further configured to be attached to a connectingmember 2120, shown here as a block. The connectingmember 2120 is configured to be attached to the corner support member C. In one embodiment, the first and second brackets are part of a unitary clip. In another embodiment, the first and second brackets are separate components. - As can be seen in the illustrated embodiment, the first
girt retaining assembly 2100 is aligned with the corner support member C such that the first girt G1 is substantially perpendicular to the corner support member C and is substantially parallel to the ground. In alternative embodiments, thegirt retaining assembly 2100 may be attached to the support member S at any desired angle. - With continued reference to
FIG. 21 , a second girt retaining assembly is hidden from view. The second girt retaining assembly is substantially the same as thegirt retaining assembly 2100 described above, and is attached to the corner support member C such that a second girt G2 is aligned substantially perpendicularly to the corner support member C and is also aligned substantially perpendicularly to the girt G1 held by thegirt retaining assembly 2100. -
FIG. 22 illustrates an alternative embodiment of agirt retaining assembly 2200 for attaching a pair of girts G1, G2 to a support member S. In the illustrated embodiment, thegirt retaining assembly 2200 includes first and second upper brackets 2210 a,b and first and second lower brackets (not show), each configured to be attached to a connecting member 2220, shown here as a block. The connecting member 2220 is configured to be attached to the support member S. The first upper bracket and the first lower bracket are configured to retain a first girt G1 and the second upper and second lower bracket are configured to retain a second girt G2. In one embodiment, the first upper lower brackets are part of a first unitary clip and the second upper and lower brackets are part of a second unitary clip. In another embodiment, the each bracket is a separate component. - As can be seen in the illustrated embodiment, the
girt retaining assembly 2200 is aligned with the support member S such that the first and second girts G1, G2 are each substantially perpendicular to the support member S and substantially parallel to the ground. Further, as can be seen in the illustrated embodiment, the first girt G1 is substantially collinear with the second girt G2. In alternative embodiments, thegirt retaining assembly 2200 may be attached to the support member S at any desired angle. - To the extent that the term “includes” or “including” is used in the specification or the claims, it is intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term “comprising” as that term is interpreted when employed as a transitional word in a claim. Furthermore, to the extent that the term “or” is employed (e.g., A or B) it is intended to mean “A or B or both.” When the applicants intend to indicate “only A or B but not both” then the term “only A or B but not both” will be employed. Thus, use of the term “or” herein is the inclusive, and not the exclusive use. See, Bryan A. Gamer, A Dictionary of Modern Legal Usage 624 (2d. Ed. 1995). Also, to the extent that the terms “in” or “into” are used in the specification or the claims, it is intended to additionally mean “on” or “onto.” Furthermore, to the extent the term “connect” is used in the specification or claims, it is intended to mean not only “directly connected to,” but also “indirectly connected to” such as connected through another component or components.
- While the present application illustrates various embodiments, and while these embodiments have been described in some detail, it is not the intention of the applicant to restrict or in any way limit the scope of the claimed invention to such detail. Additional advantages and modifications will readily appear to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the application, in its broader aspects, is not limited to the specific details, the representative apparatus, and illustrative examples shown and described. Accordingly, departures may be made from such details without departing from the spirit or scope of the applicant's claimed invention.
Claims (20)
1. A roof truss configured to be attached to a top surface of a vertical support member, the roof truss comprising:
a pair of base members, each base member having a bottom surface configured to be attached to the top surface of the vertical support member;
an upper pair of truss members, each upper truss member having a longitudinal axis, and each upper truss member extending from a respective base member at an acute angle;
a lower pair of truss members, each lower truss member having a longitudinal axis, and each lower truss member extending at an obtuse angle from a respective base member such that the longitudinal axis of each lower truss member forms an acute angle with the longitudinal axis of a respective upper truss member; and
a ceiling joist member having a first and a second end, the first end being connected to a first of the pair of lower truss members and the second end being connected to a second of the pair of lower truss members, wherein the ceiling joist member is substantially parallel to the pair of base members.
2. The roof truss of claim 1 , wherein the ceiling joist member includes at least a first component having a first end connected to the first of the pair of lower truss members and a second end connected to the ceiling joist member.
3. The roof truss of claim 2 , wherein the ceiling joist member includes at least a second component having a first end connected to the second of the pair of lower truss members and a second end connected to the ceiling joist member, wherein the first component and the second component are substantially co-linear.
4. The roof truss of claim 2 , further comprising a pair of central vertical members, each vertical member having a top portion configured to be connected to a respective upper truss member and a bottom portion configured to be connected to a respective component of the ceiling joist member.
5. The roof truss of claim 4 , wherein the pair of central vertical members are parallel to each other and removably attached to each other.
6. The roof truss of claim 1 , wherein each of the upper pair of truss members has a slope of about 2:12 to about 12:12 with respect to the base member.
7. The roof truss of claim 1 , wherein each of the lower pair of truss members has a slope of about 1:12 to about 11:12 with respect to the base member.
8. The roof truss of claim 1 , further comprising a connecting web extending traversely between the upper pair of truss members and the lower pair of truss members.
9. The roof truss of claim 1 , further comprising a solid sheet extending between the upper pair of truss members and the lower pair of truss members.
10. A truss structure comprising:
a plurality of outer rafter chords, including at least a first outer rafter chord having a first slope and a second outer rafter chord having a second slope, defining a roof from eave to eave with respective first and second sloping sides leading from the eaves to a ridge;
a plurality of inner rafter chords, including at least a first inner rafter chord having a third slope and a second inner rafter chord having a fourth slope, wherein the third slope is less than the first and second slopes and the fourth slope is less than the first and second slopes;
a first webbing rigidly joining the first inner rafter chord with the first outer rafter chord;
a second webbing rigidly joining the second inner rafter chord with the second outer rafter chord;
at least one horizontal ceiling joist chord joined to at least one of an upper end of the first inner rafter chord and an upper end of the second inner rafter chord; and
a third webbing rigidly joining and spacing the horizontal ceiling joist chord directly with the first and second outer rafter chords.
11. The truss structure of claim 10 , wherein the at least one horizontal ceiling joist chord includes a first horizontal ceiling joist chord and a second horizontal ceiling joist chord, the first horizontal ceiling joist chord being joined to the upper end of the first inner rafter chord and the second horizontal ceiling joist chord being joined to the upper end of the second inner rafter chord.
12. The truss structure of claim 11 , further comprising a plurality of vertical chords, including at least a first vertical chord and a second vertical chord, the first vertical chord being joined to the first horizontal ceiling joist chord, and the second vertical chord being joined to the second horizontal ceiling joist chord.
13. The truss structure of claim 12 , wherein the first vertical chord is removably attached to the second vertical chord.
14. The truss structure of claim 10 , further comprising a plurality of horizontal base chords, including at least a first horizontal base chord and a second horizontal base chord, the first horizontal base chord being joined to the first outer rafter chord and the first inner rafter chord, the second horizontal base chord being joined to the second outer rafter chord and the second inner rafter chord.
15. The truss structure of claim 14 , wherein each of the plurality of horizontal base chords is configured to be joined to a top surface of a vertical support member.
16. A truss portion configured to be connected to a top surface of a vertical support member, the truss portion comprising:
a horizontal base member configured to be connected to the top surface of the vertical support member;
a lower angled member forming an obtuse angle with the horizontal base member;
an upper angled member forming an acute angle with the horizontal base member such that the upper angled member is not parallel to the lower angled member; and
a vertical member having a top portion connected to the upper angled member and a bottom portion connected to the lower angled member.
17. The truss portion of claim 16 , wherein the bottom portion of the vertical member is directly connected to the lower angled member.
18. The truss portion of claim 16 , further comprising a horizontal connecting member having a first end directly connected to an end of the lower angled member and a second end directly connected to the bottom portion of the vertical member.
19. The truss portion of claim 16 , wherein the vertical member is connected to a second vertical member of a second truss portion having a horizontal base member, a lower angled member, and an upper angled member.
20. The truss portion of claim 16 , further comprising webbing extending traversely between and rigidly joining and spacing the lower angled member directly with the upper angled member.
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US13/164,718 US8671642B2 (en) | 2007-01-26 | 2011-06-20 | Tapered truss |
US14/169,155 US9181700B2 (en) | 2007-01-26 | 2014-01-31 | Tapered truss |
US14/936,399 US9689163B2 (en) | 2007-01-26 | 2015-11-09 | Tapered truss |
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US11/627,947 US20080178555A1 (en) | 2007-01-26 | 2007-01-26 | Tapered truss |
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