US20080228099A1 - Adaptors for inhalers to improve performance - Google Patents
Adaptors for inhalers to improve performance Download PDFInfo
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- US20080228099A1 US20080228099A1 US12/020,407 US2040708A US2008228099A1 US 20080228099 A1 US20080228099 A1 US 20080228099A1 US 2040708 A US2040708 A US 2040708A US 2008228099 A1 US2008228099 A1 US 2008228099A1
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- Prior art keywords
- inhaler
- patient
- inhaler according
- signaling device
- mouthpiece
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M15/00—Inhalators
- A61M15/0086—Inhalation chambers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M15/00—Inhalators
- A61M15/0001—Details of inhalators; Constructional features thereof
- A61M15/0021—Mouthpieces therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/0003—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/10—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours
- A61M16/1005—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours with O2 features or with parameter measurement
- A61M16/101—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours with O2 features or with parameter measurement using an oxygen concentrator
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/0003—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure
- A61M2016/0015—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure inhalation detectors
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/0003—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure
- A61M2016/003—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure with a flowmeter
- A61M2016/0033—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure with a flowmeter electrical
- A61M2016/0039—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure with a flowmeter electrical in the inspiratory circuit
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2202/00—Special media to be introduced, removed or treated
- A61M2202/06—Solids
- A61M2202/064—Powder
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/18—General characteristics of the apparatus with alarm
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/33—Controlling, regulating or measuring
- A61M2205/3331—Pressure; Flow
- A61M2205/3334—Measuring or controlling the flow rate
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/43—General characteristics of the apparatus making noise when used correctly
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/58—Means for facilitating use, e.g. by people with impaired vision
- A61M2205/581—Means for facilitating use, e.g. by people with impaired vision by audible feedback
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/58—Means for facilitating use, e.g. by people with impaired vision
- A61M2205/583—Means for facilitating use, e.g. by people with impaired vision by visual feedback
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/58—Means for facilitating use, e.g. by people with impaired vision
- A61M2205/583—Means for facilitating use, e.g. by people with impaired vision by visual feedback
- A61M2205/584—Means for facilitating use, e.g. by people with impaired vision by visual feedback having a color code
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to the field of inhalation devices, and more specifically, to a mouthpiece adaptor and patient feedback for an inhaler.
- the invention has particular utility as a mouthpiece adaptor and patient feedback for inhalation devices such as dry powder inhalers (“DPIs”) for facilitating use of same by pediatric, geriatric and compromised patients, and will be described in connection with such utility, although other utilities are contemplated such as for use with metered dose inhalers (“MDIs”) and nebulizers.
- DPIs dry powder inhalers
- MDIs metered dose inhalers
- nebulizers nebulizers
- MDIs Metered dose inhalers
- a properly delivered MDI medication depends on dexterity, coordination, timing, and practice. This can be a real problem when the patient is young, has coordination problems, or especially irritable airways.
- DPIs dry powder inhaler devices
- the drug is aerosolized by the airflow through a DPI created by the patient inhaling.
- DPI devices are easy to use and are thus suitable for most ages.
- Newer multidose types of powder devices have electronics which include dose counters, which enable patients to check whether or not they have taken a dose and warns them when the inhaler is running out of doses by showing them exactly how many doses remain.
- U.S. Pat. No. 6,142,146 to Abrams et al. discloses this type of device.
- dry powder inhalers require patients to inspire reasonably rapidly to inhale the dry powder, so these devices are not suitable for younger children and infants. Further, even if young children and infants could conform to the protocol for using the device, current devices have mouthpieces which are too cumbersome for these patients.
- inhalation therapy may be accomplished through the use of inhalation chambers.
- An inhalation chamber typically includes an inlet and fixture for a medicament dispenser, e.g., an MDI, and an expanded hollow body, which in the technical field of inhalers normally is called a “spacer” or inhalation chamber, having an outlet provided at the end remote from the inlet.
- An inhalation/exhalation valve e.g., a one-way valve, typically is provided adjacent the outlet, and a mouthpiece is provided at the outlet. When such a device is used by older children or adults the mouthpiece is inserted between the teeth and the lips are closed around the mouthpiece.
- inhalation/exhalation valves typically require a certain inhalation flow, which a child or infant is unable to generate, to open properly. Therefore, for satisfactory inhalation to be achieved by young children and infants, inhalation devices often are provided with a face mask.
- Nebulizers produce a cloud of medication by passing a jet of compressed air through a solution of a drug (jet nebulizers) or by dropping the drug solution onto a plate vibrating at high frequency (ultrasonic nebulizers). Nebulizers have the advantage of being able to be used by patients of all ages, including young babies, because coordination is unimportant.
- nebulizers are cumbersome, expensive (both the machine and the drugs) and noisy; require a power source, typically lines (AC) current; treatment takes a long time, often around ten minutes; and young patients are required to wear a mask.
- AC lines
- the amount of drug delivered to the lungs is highly dependant on the breathing pattern of the patient. All these factors tie down the patient and care-giver.
- nebulizers have the above problems, several devices have been developed in order to entice or teach children how to use MDIs or DPIs, so that a nebulizer is unnecessary. But, those devices designed for use by young children require a mask adaptor for the MDI or DPI.
- PCT Application No. 995398 to Watt and European Patent 667168 to Minar et al. disclose incentive systems of this type.
- conventional MDIs and DPIs have mouthpieces sized for the adult population.
- conventional MDIs, DPIs and inhalation chambers therefor have mouthpieces that are too big to be comfortably used by small children and infants.
- the mouthpieces of conventional MDIs, DPIs and spacers are primarily rectangular in shape, which is somewhat awkward, or at least unfamiliar, particularly to small children.
- This invention seeks to solve the problems with the prior art by allowing young children, geriatric and compromised patients to use DPIs, MDIs and inhalation chambers mask-free. Another aspect of the invention seeks to solve the issue of consistent patient inhalation in the pediatric, geriatric or physically challenged patients. Another aspect of the invention seeks to solve the problem of patient compliance when the patient is young, thereby enabling them to use certain devices previously unavailable to them. Yet another aspect of the invention seeks to allow sick or infirm patients to receive a dosage of medicine through an extension to the mouthpiece, thereby allowing the patient to recline while receiving medicine through an inhaler.
- FIG. 1 is a longitudinal view of an exemplary adaptor for an inhaler attached to an inhaler according to one embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 2 is a longitudinal view of an exemplary adaptor for an inhaler attached to an inhaler according to another embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 3 is a longitudinal view of an exemplary adaptor for an inhaler attached to an inhaler according to yet another embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 4 is a frontal view of an exemplary adaptor for an inhaler and a mouthpiece for an adaptor according to one embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 5 is a frontal view of an exemplary adaptor for an inhaler and the mouthpiece of the adaptor according to another embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 6 is a longitudinal view of an exemplary adaptor for an inhaler attached to the inhaler according to yet another embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 7 is a functional block diagram of the sensor-light/sound mechanism of the invention according to one embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 8 is a longitudinal view of an exemplary adaptor employing the sensor-light/sound mechanism of FIG. 7 ;
- FIG. 9 is a frontal view of an exemplary adaptor with a sensor-light/sound mechanism according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 8 .
- FIG. 1 illustrates one embodiment of an exemplary adaptor, wherein an adaptor 1 is attached to the mouthpiece 10 of an inhaler 5 .
- the adaptor is attached to the inhaler mouthpiece 10 from an attachment side 2 using an attachment means that forms an airtight seal.
- the adaptor side is designed to create a friction fit with the inhaler mouthpiece. The friction fit is accomplished by creating the attachment side of the adaptor to be just slightly larger in inside dimension than the outside dimension of the inhaler mouthpiece to which it is designed to attach, and sliding the adaptor onto the inhaler mouthpiece, thereby creating an airtight seal.
- the adaptor 1 also includes a transition section 4 between a mouthpiece side 3 and an attachment side 2 .
- the transition section 4 tapers the attachment side 2 of the adaptor to a child-sized mouthpiece side.
- Aerated particles enter and immediately pass through the connection means from the inhaler mouthpiece upon proper stimulation of the inhalation device.
- the connecting means does not act as a holding chamber.
- the connection means is tapered in a funnel-like shape to minimize turbulence and prevent the coagulation of the aerated particles upon usage of the adaptor, which helps maintain the inhaler's effectiveness.
- the mouthpiece side 3 is child-sized, similar in cross-sectional dimension to that of a drinking straw, i.e., having a diameter in the range of 1 mm to 15 mm, and is either round or oval shaped, as shown in FIG. 4 .
- a round shape for the mouthpiece side is preferred for young children who are already familiar with this shape, i.e., from the use of drinking straws. That is to say, young children are already familiar with using a straw, and have shown that they are capable of proper inspirator pressures.
- the mouthpiece side straw-like size and shape not only encourages patient compliance, but also presents a familiar, less frightening alternative to a mask.
- FIG. 2 A second embodiment of mouthpiece adaptor 4 is illustrated in FIG. 2 .
- This embodiment like the first, includes a connecting side 21 , a transition section 6 , and a mouthpiece side 3 .
- the connecting side 21 must facilitate the formation of an airtight seal. As shown in FIG. 2 , this is accomplished by securing a plastic or metal clamp 20 , which is located on the connecting side 21 of the mouthpiece adaptor.
- the mouthpiece adaptor attachment side 21 is larger in inside dimension than the outside dimension of the inhaler mouthpiece 10 , and allows the adaptor to easily slide on the inhaler mouthpiece 10 . Once the mouthpiece adaptor 21 is slid over the mouthpiece of the inhaler 10 , the clamps 20 are fastened, creating the requisite airtight seal.
- the mouthpiece adaptor of FIG. 2 includes a funnel-like region between the connecting side 21 and the mouthpiece side 3 comprising a slanted wall 7 formed opposite of the inhaler mouthpiece.
- a metal foil 6 is applied to the slanted wall connected to the circuit of the MDI or DPI and charged by the power source of the MDI or DPI, to the same charge as the particles. This causes a repulsion between the slanted wall and the particles whereby to prevent the particles from collecting on or colliding with the wall, and thus prevent coagulation of the particles on the interior adaptor walls.
- aerated particles only enter and pass through the adaptor of FIG. 2 upon proper stimulation of the inhalation device, i.e., the connection means does not act as a holding chamber.
- the mouthpiece side of the adaptor of FIG. 2 is manufactured as a replication of the inhaler mouthpiece.
- the mouthpiece side in the adaptor of FIG. 2 is child-sized, i.e., having cross-sectional dimensional area from 1 mm 2 to 200 mm 2 .
- This design like the round or cylindrical mouthpiece side, also has advantages. Because the shape of the mouthpiece side here is the shape of the inhaler mouthpiece, airflow is concentrated with minimum turbulence.
- FIG. 3 A third embodiment of the instant invention is shown in FIG. 3 .
- the third embodiment like the first and second, includes a connecting side 2 , a transition section 4 , and a mouthpiece side 3 .
- the connecting side 2 is fitted to the inhaler mouthpiece 10 using an attachment means that employs a rubber ring to create an airtight seal.
- the connecting side 2 is slightly larger than the inhaler mouthpiece 10 , and includes on the distal end a taut rubber ring 25 fitted over the connecting side 2 .
- the connecting side 2 is slid over the mouthpiece 10 , and the rubber ring is pushed from the top of adaptor connecting side 2 over the mouthpiece of the inhaler 10 .
- a conical wall 8 is formed on the inside of the transition section 4 .
- the interior wall forms a smooth transition between the inhaler mouthpiece and the adaptor, thereby allowing the particles to move through the inhaler mouthpiece with minimum turbulence.
- aerated particles only enter and pass through the adaptor when the inhaler is stimulated to pass medication.
- the adaptor does not act to hold-up flow of medication.
- the mouthpiece side in the adaptor of FIG. 3 could be shaped, e.g., according to the first or second embodiment.
- FIG. 6 A fourth embodiment of the instant invention is shown in FIG. 6 .
- the fourth embodiment consists of a connecting side 2 , a transition section 4 , and a mouthpiece side 3 .
- the transition section 4 comprises an elongate, curved, generally tubular section of constantly narrowing cross-section.
- the cross-sectional shape of the transition section 4 preferably is of airfoil shape, so as to minimize turbulence whereby to keep the aerated particles from colliding and coagulating.
- the extension should be long enough to allow a care-giver to administer medicine from the inhaler to a person lying in a prone or semi-prone position, i.e., without the patient having to sit up or hold the inhaler.
- the connecting means facilitates the immediate passage or medication between the inhaler mouthpiece and the oral contact means of the adaptor, without acting as a holding chamber for the medication.
- the mouthpiece adaptor or the MDI or DPI itself includes electronic means to teach the patient to retrieve a proper breathing pattern.
- Such electronic means includes a sensor 14 , an on/off switch 15 , a power source 16 , actuation controller 17 , noise or light generating means 18 , a light 12 , and optionally a speaker 13 .
- the actuation controller 17 supplies power to the noise and light generating means 18 only when the sensor 14 detects a patient is inhaling and the power switch 15 is on.
- the noise or light generating means 18 determines the strength and frequency of the inhalations, and generates light and sound based upon these values.
- the noise and light generating means 18 causes a light 12 to turn red, which signals to the patient to change his or her breathing pattern to conform to the protocols of the device. Correlating sounds may also be produced by the light/sound generating means 18 and output to the speaker 13 .
- the light 12 on the adaptor 1 changes from red to green, and/or the sound/light generating means 18 informs the patient that they have attained the proper breathing pattern.
- the electronic means to teach the patient to inhale properly is integral to the inhaler.
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Abstract
A child-sized adaptor for a DPI or MDI is provided. Also provided is a patient feedback mechanism for signaling and/or teaching proper inhaler use.
Description
- This Application claims priority from U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/317,706 filed Sep. 6, 2001.
- The present invention relates generally to the field of inhalation devices, and more specifically, to a mouthpiece adaptor and patient feedback for an inhaler. The invention has particular utility as a mouthpiece adaptor and patient feedback for inhalation devices such as dry powder inhalers (“DPIs”) for facilitating use of same by pediatric, geriatric and compromised patients, and will be described in connection with such utility, although other utilities are contemplated such as for use with metered dose inhalers (“MDIs”) and nebulizers.
- Metered dose inhalers (MDIs) depend on delivery technique to deliver the proper amount of medication to the lungs. A properly delivered MDI medication depends on dexterity, coordination, timing, and practice. This can be a real problem when the patient is young, has coordination problems, or especially irritable airways.
- An alternative to MDIs are dry powder inhaler devices (DPIs), which are activated by the patient's inspiratory effort, so that coordination is not a problem, although inhalation technique is still important. The drug is aerosolized by the airflow through a DPI created by the patient inhaling. DPI devices are easy to use and are thus suitable for most ages. Newer multidose types of powder devices have electronics which include dose counters, which enable patients to check whether or not they have taken a dose and warns them when the inhaler is running out of doses by showing them exactly how many doses remain. U.S. Pat. No. 6,142,146 to Abrams et al. discloses this type of device. However, dry powder inhalers require patients to inspire reasonably rapidly to inhale the dry powder, so these devices are not suitable for younger children and infants. Further, even if young children and infants could conform to the protocol for using the device, current devices have mouthpieces which are too cumbersome for these patients.
- When dealing with bronchial diseases among children and infants, it is difficult to make the patient properly inhale the therapeutic substances necessary for treatment. When asthma makes its debut among infants and young children, typically at 8 months to 2.5 years, it is especially difficult to make a child or infant inhale the prescribed medical substances in the proper way. Children and infants have limited lung capacity and the force of a child's or infant's breath during inhalation (inhalation flow) is thus limited. This is even more apparent when the child or infant is suffering from asthma or other bronchial diseases. Parents also desire that the devices used for inhalation be as flexible as possible, as it is difficult to position the inhaler in a way that will allow proper inhalation by an infant.
- For patients of limited or compromised inhalation capacity, inhalation therapy may be accomplished through the use of inhalation chambers. An inhalation chamber typically includes an inlet and fixture for a medicament dispenser, e.g., an MDI, and an expanded hollow body, which in the technical field of inhalers normally is called a “spacer” or inhalation chamber, having an outlet provided at the end remote from the inlet. An inhalation/exhalation valve, e.g., a one-way valve, typically is provided adjacent the outlet, and a mouthpiece is provided at the outlet. When such a device is used by older children or adults the mouthpiece is inserted between the teeth and the lips are closed around the mouthpiece. It is, however, not possible for young children and infants to hold such a mouthpiece between their lips. Moreover, these devices are constructed to be used by older children who have large lung capacity and who can inhale more forcefully. The inhalation/exhalation valves provided typically require a certain inhalation flow, which a child or infant is unable to generate, to open properly. Therefore, for satisfactory inhalation to be achieved by young children and infants, inhalation devices often are provided with a face mask.
- However, some small children and infants find standard inhalation devices employing masks frightening, and, as a consequence, resist using them. Faced with strong resistance from children, many care-givers responsible for administering medication to children report a reluctance to offer air-borne drugs for use with standard inhalation devices employing masks on a regular basis. In addition, care-givers also report that even when attempted, the delivery of aerosol/gas medication to children is often sub-optimal because the child cries and/or forcibly removes the mask from their face before the medication is taken properly.
- Many patients who cannot use MDIs or DPIs, even with inhalation chambers, are forced to use nebulizers. Nebulizers produce a cloud of medication by passing a jet of compressed air through a solution of a drug (jet nebulizers) or by dropping the drug solution onto a plate vibrating at high frequency (ultrasonic nebulizers). Nebulizers have the advantage of being able to be used by patients of all ages, including young babies, because coordination is unimportant. However, disadvantages of nebulizers include that they are cumbersome, expensive (both the machine and the drugs) and noisy; require a power source, typically lines (AC) current; treatment takes a long time, often around ten minutes; and young patients are required to wear a mask. The amount of drug delivered to the lungs is highly dependant on the breathing pattern of the patient. All these factors tie down the patient and care-giver.
- Because nebulizers have the above problems, several devices have been developed in order to entice or teach children how to use MDIs or DPIs, so that a nebulizer is unnecessary. But, those devices designed for use by young children require a mask adaptor for the MDI or DPI. PCT Application No. 995398 to Watt and European Patent 667168 to Minar et al. disclose incentive systems of this type.
- Quite apart from the foregoing, conventional MDIs and DPIs (and also inhalation chambers therefor) have mouthpieces sized for the adult population. Thus, conventional MDIs, DPIs and inhalation chambers therefor have mouthpieces that are too big to be comfortably used by small children and infants. Moreover, the mouthpieces of conventional MDIs, DPIs and spacers are primarily rectangular in shape, which is somewhat awkward, or at least unfamiliar, particularly to small children.
- This invention seeks to solve the problems with the prior art by allowing young children, geriatric and compromised patients to use DPIs, MDIs and inhalation chambers mask-free. Another aspect of the invention seeks to solve the issue of consistent patient inhalation in the pediatric, geriatric or physically challenged patients. Another aspect of the invention seeks to solve the problem of patient compliance when the patient is young, thereby enabling them to use certain devices previously unavailable to them. Yet another aspect of the invention seeks to allow sick or infirm patients to receive a dosage of medicine through an extension to the mouthpiece, thereby allowing the patient to recline while receiving medicine through an inhaler.
- Still other features and advantages of the present invention may be seen from the following detailed description taken in connection with the attached drawings wherein like numerals depict like parts, and wherein:
-
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal view of an exemplary adaptor for an inhaler attached to an inhaler according to one embodiment of the invention; -
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal view of an exemplary adaptor for an inhaler attached to an inhaler according to another embodiment of the invention; -
FIG. 3 is a longitudinal view of an exemplary adaptor for an inhaler attached to an inhaler according to yet another embodiment of the invention; -
FIG. 4 is a frontal view of an exemplary adaptor for an inhaler and a mouthpiece for an adaptor according to one embodiment of the invention; -
FIG. 5 is a frontal view of an exemplary adaptor for an inhaler and the mouthpiece of the adaptor according to another embodiment of the invention; -
FIG. 6 is a longitudinal view of an exemplary adaptor for an inhaler attached to the inhaler according to yet another embodiment of the invention; -
FIG. 7 is a functional block diagram of the sensor-light/sound mechanism of the invention according to one embodiment of the invention; -
FIG. 8 is a longitudinal view of an exemplary adaptor employing the sensor-light/sound mechanism ofFIG. 7 ; and -
FIG. 9 is a frontal view of an exemplary adaptor with a sensor-light/sound mechanism according to the embodiment shown inFIG. 8 . - The detailed description of the preferred embodiments illustrates the use of the adaptor with MDIs and DPIs. However, each of the described embodiments of the adaptor also can be used in conjunction with spacer devices and nebulizers.
-
FIG. 1 illustrates one embodiment of an exemplary adaptor, wherein an adaptor 1 is attached to themouthpiece 10 of aninhaler 5. The adaptor is attached to theinhaler mouthpiece 10 from anattachment side 2 using an attachment means that forms an airtight seal. In this embodiment, the adaptor side is designed to create a friction fit with the inhaler mouthpiece. The friction fit is accomplished by creating the attachment side of the adaptor to be just slightly larger in inside dimension than the outside dimension of the inhaler mouthpiece to which it is designed to attach, and sliding the adaptor onto the inhaler mouthpiece, thereby creating an airtight seal. - The adaptor 1 also includes a
transition section 4 between amouthpiece side 3 and anattachment side 2. Thetransition section 4 tapers theattachment side 2 of the adaptor to a child-sized mouthpiece side. Aerated particles enter and immediately pass through the connection means from the inhaler mouthpiece upon proper stimulation of the inhalation device. The connecting means does not act as a holding chamber. Here, the connection means is tapered in a funnel-like shape to minimize turbulence and prevent the coagulation of the aerated particles upon usage of the adaptor, which helps maintain the inhaler's effectiveness. - The
mouthpiece side 3 is child-sized, similar in cross-sectional dimension to that of a drinking straw, i.e., having a diameter in the range of 1 mm to 15 mm, and is either round or oval shaped, as shown inFIG. 4 . A round shape for the mouthpiece side is preferred for young children who are already familiar with this shape, i.e., from the use of drinking straws. That is to say, young children are already familiar with using a straw, and have shown that they are capable of proper inspirator pressures. Thus, the mouthpiece side straw-like size and shape not only encourages patient compliance, but also presents a familiar, less frightening alternative to a mask. - A second embodiment of
mouthpiece adaptor 4 is illustrated inFIG. 2 . This embodiment, like the first, includes a connectingside 21, atransition section 6, and amouthpiece side 3. As in the first embodiment, the connectingside 21 must facilitate the formation of an airtight seal. As shown inFIG. 2 , this is accomplished by securing a plastic ormetal clamp 20, which is located on the connectingside 21 of the mouthpiece adaptor. Here, the mouthpieceadaptor attachment side 21 is larger in inside dimension than the outside dimension of theinhaler mouthpiece 10, and allows the adaptor to easily slide on theinhaler mouthpiece 10. Once themouthpiece adaptor 21 is slid over the mouthpiece of theinhaler 10, theclamps 20 are fastened, creating the requisite airtight seal. - The mouthpiece adaptor of
FIG. 2 includes a funnel-like region between the connectingside 21 and themouthpiece side 3 comprising aslanted wall 7 formed opposite of the inhaler mouthpiece. Ametal foil 6 is applied to the slanted wall connected to the circuit of the MDI or DPI and charged by the power source of the MDI or DPI, to the same charge as the particles. This causes a repulsion between the slanted wall and the particles whereby to prevent the particles from collecting on or colliding with the wall, and thus prevent coagulation of the particles on the interior adaptor walls. Further, as with the adaptor ofFIG. 1 , aerated particles only enter and pass through the adaptor ofFIG. 2 upon proper stimulation of the inhalation device, i.e., the connection means does not act as a holding chamber. - The mouthpiece side of the adaptor of
FIG. 2 , as illustrated inFIG. 5 , is manufactured as a replication of the inhaler mouthpiece. Like the mouthpiece side in the adaptor ofFIG. 1 , the mouthpiece side in the adaptor ofFIG. 2 is child-sized, i.e., having cross-sectional dimensional area from 1 mm2 to 200 mm2. This design, like the round or cylindrical mouthpiece side, also has advantages. Because the shape of the mouthpiece side here is the shape of the inhaler mouthpiece, airflow is concentrated with minimum turbulence. - A third embodiment of the instant invention is shown in
FIG. 3 . The third embodiment, like the first and second, includes a connectingside 2, atransition section 4, and amouthpiece side 3. Here, the connectingside 2 is fitted to theinhaler mouthpiece 10 using an attachment means that employs a rubber ring to create an airtight seal. The connectingside 2 is slightly larger than theinhaler mouthpiece 10, and includes on the distal end ataut rubber ring 25 fitted over the connectingside 2. The connectingside 2 is slid over themouthpiece 10, and the rubber ring is pushed from the top ofadaptor connecting side 2 over the mouthpiece of theinhaler 10. In addition, the interior of the attachment side, in which the attachment side of aninterior cone 9 is located, and the inhaler mouthpiece, link end to end, forming a seal. Thus, there is no ridge on which particles can coalesce, formed between the adaptor and theinhaler mouthpiece 10. - Further, in
FIG. 3 aconical wall 8 is formed on the inside of thetransition section 4. The interior wall forms a smooth transition between the inhaler mouthpiece and the adaptor, thereby allowing the particles to move through the inhaler mouthpiece with minimum turbulence. As in the above embodiments, aerated particles only enter and pass through the adaptor when the inhaler is stimulated to pass medication. Thus, the adaptor does not act to hold-up flow of medication. - The mouthpiece side in the adaptor of
FIG. 3 could be shaped, e.g., according to the first or second embodiment. - A fourth embodiment of the instant invention is shown in
FIG. 6 . As in the other embodiments, the fourth embodiment consists of a connectingside 2, atransition section 4, and amouthpiece side 3. However, in theFIG. 6 embodiment, thetransition section 4 comprises an elongate, curved, generally tubular section of constantly narrowing cross-section. The cross-sectional shape of thetransition section 4 preferably is of airfoil shape, so as to minimize turbulence whereby to keep the aerated particles from colliding and coagulating. Further, the extension should be long enough to allow a care-giver to administer medicine from the inhaler to a person lying in a prone or semi-prone position, i.e., without the patient having to sit up or hold the inhaler. Finally, as in the other embodiments, the connecting means facilitates the immediate passage or medication between the inhaler mouthpiece and the oral contact means of the adaptor, without acting as a holding chamber for the medication. - In yet another embodiment of the present invention, illustrated in
FIGS. 7-9 , the mouthpiece adaptor or the MDI or DPI itself includes electronic means to teach the patient to retrieve a proper breathing pattern. Such electronic means includes asensor 14, an on/offswitch 15, apower source 16,actuation controller 17, noise or light generating means 18, a light 12, and optionally a speaker 13. As shown inFIG. 7 , theactuation controller 17 supplies power to the noise and light generating means 18 only when thesensor 14 detects a patient is inhaling and thepower switch 15 is on. Upon receiving power, the noise or light generating means 18 determines the strength and frequency of the inhalations, and generates light and sound based upon these values. If the patient is not attaining the proper breathing pattern for a particular device, the noise and light generating means 18 causes a light 12 to turn red, which signals to the patient to change his or her breathing pattern to conform to the protocols of the device. Correlating sounds may also be produced by the light/sound generating means 18 and output to the speaker 13. Once the proper breathing pattern is attained, the light 12 on the adaptor 1 changes from red to green, and/or the sound/light generating means 18 informs the patient that they have attained the proper breathing pattern. - In yet another embodiment of the present invention the electronic means to teach the patient to inhale properly is integral to the inhaler.
- It will be appreciated that although the foregoing detailed description proceeded with reference being made to the preferred embodiments and methods of use, the present invention is not intended to be limited to these preferred embodiments and methods of use. Rather, the invention is of a broad scope and intended to be limited only as set forth in the accompanying claims.
Claims (18)
1-15. (canceled)
16. An inhaler for delivering medication to the respiratory tract comprising a flow sensor for sensing the rate of inhalation and a feedback mechanism to transmit this information to the patient.
17. The inhaler according to claim 16 , wherein the patient feedback mechanism is acoustic, visual or light in nature.
18. The inhaler according to claim 16 , wherein the patient feedback mechanism includes a noise generator operatively connected to said flow sensor.
19. The inhaler according to claim 16 , wherein the patient feedback mechanism includes one or more lights operatively connected to said flow sensor.
20. The inhaler according to claim 16 , wherein said inhaler is a dry powder inhaler.
21. The inhaler according to claim 16 , wherein said inhaler is a metered dose inhaler.
22. A dry powder inhaler for delivering medication to the respiratory tract of a patient, comprising:
a power source,
an actuation controller including a flow sensor for sensing when inhalation is occurring, for determining strength and frequency of inhalation and for supplying power from said power source to a signaling device, carried on the inhaler, for providing real time feedback to the patient to teach the patient proper inhalation techniques.
23. The dry powder inhaler according to claim 22 , wherein said actuation controller comprising said first electronic signals to a protocol and generates second electronic signals based on said comparison.
24. The inhaler according to claim 22 , wherein the signaling device comprises a sound generator.
25. The inhaler according to claim 22 , wherein the signaling device comprises one or more lights.
26. The inhaler according to claim 25 , wherein the signaling device comprises at least two lights of a different color.
27. The inhaler according to claim 22 , further comprising a mouthpiece adapter, wherein one or more of the power source, flow sensor, actuation controller and signaling device are carried on the adapter.
28. A dry powder inhaler for delivering medication to the respiratory tract of a patient, comprising:
a power source;
a sensor for determining strength and frequency of inhalations;
an actuation controller tied to said sensor for generating a signal upon a value of the determined strength and frequency of inhalations; and
a signaling device, controlled by said actuation controller, for providing real time feedback to a patient to teach the patient proper inhalation techniques.
29. The inhaler according to claim 28 , wherein the signaling device comprises a sound generator.
30. The inhaler according to claim 28 , wherein the signaling device comprises one or more lights.
31. The inhaler according to claim 30 , wherein the signaling device comprises at least two lights of different color.
32. The inhaler according to claim 28 , further compromising a mouthpiece adapter, wherein one or more of the power source, flow sensor, actuation controller and signaling device are carried on the adapter.
Priority Applications (1)
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US9352107B2 (en) | 2010-01-07 | 2016-05-31 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Respiratory drug delivery apparatus including a feedback and compliance device |
CN107466240A (en) * | 2015-01-23 | 2017-12-12 | 桑多斯股份公司 | Apparatus and method for producing flow distribution |
US20170014584A1 (en) * | 2015-07-15 | 2017-01-19 | Prakash Mehta | Inhaler mouthpiece |
US20210128848A1 (en) * | 2015-07-15 | 2021-05-06 | Prakash Mehta | Inhaler mouthpiece device |
US11040156B2 (en) | 2015-07-20 | 2021-06-22 | Pearl Therapeutics, Inc. | Aerosol delivery systems |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2003022332A3 (en) | 2004-06-03 |
JP2005501664A (en) | 2005-01-20 |
NZ531614A (en) | 2006-07-28 |
AU2002327052B2 (en) | 2007-10-18 |
EP1446172A2 (en) | 2004-08-18 |
ES2343239T3 (en) | 2010-07-27 |
PL373584A1 (en) | 2005-09-05 |
US20030041859A1 (en) | 2003-03-06 |
CN101239212A (en) | 2008-08-13 |
DK1446172T3 (en) | 2010-08-02 |
PT1446172E (en) | 2010-05-06 |
PL203183B1 (en) | 2009-09-30 |
US7343914B2 (en) | 2008-03-18 |
WO2003022332A2 (en) | 2003-03-20 |
ATE464083T1 (en) | 2010-04-15 |
CN1551788A (en) | 2004-12-01 |
CN100374171C (en) | 2008-03-12 |
DE60236011D1 (en) | 2010-05-27 |
MXPA04001859A (en) | 2004-06-15 |
CA2459867A1 (en) | 2003-03-20 |
EP1446172B1 (en) | 2010-04-14 |
EP1446172A4 (en) | 2005-07-20 |
IL160628A0 (en) | 2004-07-25 |
JP4846976B2 (en) | 2011-12-28 |
KR20090038043A (en) | 2009-04-17 |
CA2459867C (en) | 2012-03-13 |
KR100998394B1 (en) | 2010-12-03 |
KR20040039327A (en) | 2004-05-10 |
CY1110147T1 (en) | 2015-01-14 |
WO2003022332B1 (en) | 2004-07-15 |
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