US20080272633A1 - Apparatus for measuring child seat anchor tension - Google Patents
Apparatus for measuring child seat anchor tension Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20080272633A1 US20080272633A1 US12/218,744 US21874408A US2008272633A1 US 20080272633 A1 US20080272633 A1 US 20080272633A1 US 21874408 A US21874408 A US 21874408A US 2008272633 A1 US2008272633 A1 US 2008272633A1
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- anchor
- frame
- seat
- sensor
- anchor frame
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims 10
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims 10
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims 10
- 230000000452 restraining effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000153 supplemental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
- B60N2/002—Seats provided with an occupancy detection means mounted therein or thereon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
- B60N2/24—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles for particular purposes or particular vehicles
- B60N2/26—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles for particular purposes or particular vehicles for children
- B60N2/28—Seats readily mountable on, and dismountable from, existing seats or other parts of the vehicle
- B60N2/2887—Fixation to a transversal anchorage bar, e.g. isofix
- B60N2/2893—Fixation to a transversal anchorage bar, e.g. isofix coupled to the seat sub-frame
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
- B60R21/01—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents
- B60R21/015—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting the presence or position of passengers, passenger seats or child seats, and the related safety parameters therefor, e.g. speed or timing of airbag inflation in relation to occupant position or seat belt use
- B60R21/01512—Passenger detection systems
- B60R21/01516—Passenger detection systems using force or pressure sensing means
- B60R21/01522—Passenger detection systems using force or pressure sensing means using fluid means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
- B60R21/01—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents
- B60R21/015—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting the presence or position of passengers, passenger seats or child seats, and the related safety parameters therefor, e.g. speed or timing of airbag inflation in relation to occupant position or seat belt use
- B60R21/01512—Passenger detection systems
- B60R21/01544—Passenger detection systems detecting seat belt parameters, e.g. length, tension or height-adjustment
- B60R21/0155—Passenger detection systems detecting seat belt parameters, e.g. length, tension or height-adjustment sensing belt tension
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
- B60R21/01—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents
- B60R21/015—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting the presence or position of passengers, passenger seats or child seats, and the related safety parameters therefor, e.g. speed or timing of airbag inflation in relation to occupant position or seat belt use
- B60R21/01556—Child-seat detection systems
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a child seat anchor system for a motor vehicle seat, and more particularly to apparatus for measuring the tension exerted on the anchor system.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram of a vehicle seat including an occupant weight estimation apparatus and a child seat anchor tension measurement apparatus according to a first embodiment of this invention.
- the PODS ECU 18 utilizes the anchor tension signals to detect the presence of an infant or child seat 26 , and also to compensate the occupant seat weight indication (the pressure signal output of pressure sensor 14 , for example) or a threshold to which the occupant seat weight indication is compared.
- anchor frame 50 is contoured to form right and left pocket areas 50 a , 50 b at the leading edges thereof, and the anchor brackets 24 a , 24 b are welded into the respective pocket areas 50 a , 50 b .
- the anchor frame 50 may be stamped sheet metal, for example, and include surface contours 56 to provide increased stiffness.
- the lower sides of anchor frame 50 are flanged as indicated by the reference numerals 58 , each flange 58 having a mounting aperture 60 as shown in FIG. 3 .
- a rod 62 (or two individual posts) securely fastened to the seat frame 20 passes through the apertures 60 to pivotally support the anchor frame 50 with respect to the seat frame 20 .
- Tension applied to the anchor brackets 24 a , 24 b tends to rotate the anchor frame 50 toward the infant seat 26 about the rod 62 , and the resulting force measured by sensor 52 provides a measure of the total tension.
- the output of tension sensor 52 is provided to PODS ECU 18 , which utilizes the anchor tension signals to detect the presence of an infant or child seat 26 , and to compensate the occupant seat weight indication or a threshold to which the occupant seat weight indication is compared.
- the present invention provides a reliable and cost-effective apparatus for measuring the tension exerted on a pair of child seat anchor brackets in a vehicle seat. While the invention has been described in reference to the illustrated embodiments, it should be understood that various modifications in addition to those mentioned above will occur to persons skilled in the art.
- the strain sensors 30 a , 30 b , 52 may be replaced with suitably mounted strain gauges, and so on. Accordingly, it will be understood that anchor tension measurement devices incorporating these and other modifications may fall within the scope of this invention, which is defined by the appended claims.
Abstract
A child seat anchor apparatus includes at least one sensor for measuring tension exerted on a system including a pair of anchor brackets disposed between the bottom and back cushions of a vehicle seat. In a first mechanization, the anchor brackets are directly coupled to individual sensors mounted on an anchor frame that is bolted to the seat frame. In a second mechanization, the anchor brackets are fastened to an anchor frame that is pivotably mounted on the seat frame, and the anchor frame is additionally coupled to the seat frame through a single sensor responsive to the tension exerted on the anchor frame by the anchor brackets.
Description
- The subject application is a divisional application of U.S. Ser. No. 10/705,708, filed Nov. 11, 2003.
- The present invention relates to a child seat anchor system for a motor vehicle seat, and more particularly to apparatus for measuring the tension exerted on the anchor system.
- Vehicle occupant weight sensing systems are useful in connection with air bags and other pyrotechnically deployed restraints as a means of characterizing the occupant for purposes of determining whether to allow or suppress deployment of the restraints. In cases where an infant seat or child booster seat is placed on the seat cushion and cinched down with the seat belt, the presence of the infant or child seat can be detected based in part on a measure of the seat belt tension. However, in cases where the vehicle seat is equipped with a child seat anchoring system such as the LATCH (Lower Anchors and Tethers for Children) system, the infant or child seat can be secured using the seat anchors instead of the seat belt. Since tension applied to such child seat anchors produces an effect similar to that which occurs when the child seat is secured with the seat belt, it is desired to measure the tension exerted on such a child seat anchoring system.
- The present invention is directed to apparatus for measuring the tension exerted on a child seat anchoring system including a pair of anchor brackets disposed between the bottom and back cushions of a vehicle seat. In a first embodiment, the anchor brackets are directly coupled to individual tension sensors mounted on an anchor frame that is bolted to the seat frame supporting the bottom cushion of the seat. In a second embodiment, the anchor brackets are fastened to an anchor frame that is pivotably mounted on the seat frame, and the anchor frame is additionally coupled to the seat frame through a single strain sensor responsive to the tension exerted on the anchor frame by the anchor brackets.
- The present invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
-
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a vehicle seat including an occupant weight estimation apparatus and a child seat anchor tension measurement apparatus according to a first embodiment of this invention. -
FIG. 2 is a rear view of the anchor tension measurement apparatus ofFIG. 1 . -
FIG. 3 is a partial diagram of a vehicle seat equipped with a child seat anchor tension measurement apparatus according to a second embodiment of this invention. -
FIG. 4 is rear view of the anchor tension measurement apparatus ofFIG. 3 . - Referring to
FIGS. 1-2 , the present invention is disclosed in the context of avehicle passenger seat 10 equipped with a fluid-filledseat cushion bladder 12 for estimating the weight of a seat occupant based on the fluid pressure in thebladder 12. An exit port of thebladder 12 is coupled to apressure sensor 14 by atube 16, and the pressure sensor output is supplied to a passenger occupant detection system electronic control unit (PODS ECU) 18, which determines if deployment of supplemental restraints for the occupant ofseat 10 should be enabled or disabled. In general, however, the present invention also applies to other types of occupant weight sensing systems, such as systems that sense the strain inseat frame 20, or systems that include a network of pressure sensitive cells distributed over the seating area ofbottom cushion 22. - The
seat 10 is equipped with a pair of childseat anchor brackets child booster seat 26 to theseat 10 via thetethers 26 a (only one of which is depicted inFIG. 1 ). Theanchor brackets cushion 22, and the outboard end of eachbracket cushions - In general, the present invention is directed to an apparatus including at least one tension or strain sensor coupled to an anchor frame for measuring the tension exerted on the
anchor brackets FIGS. 1-2 depict a first embodiment where theanchor brackets individual tension sensors anchor frame 32 that is bolted to theseat frame 20.FIGS. 3-4 depict a second embodiment of this invention where theanchor brackets anchor frame 50 that is pivotably mounted on theseat frame 20, and asingle strain sensor 52 coupled between theseat frame 20 and theanchor frame 50 measures the force applied to theanchor frame 50 by theanchor brackets strain sensors - Referring to the embodiment of
FIGS. 1-2 , theanchor frame 32 is contoured to form right andleft pocket areas tension sensors anchor frame 32, in turn, is bolted to theseat frame 20 via theapertures anchor frame 32 can be configured so that thesensors anchor brackets anchor frame 32 may be stamped sheet metal, for example, andsurface contours 38 may be included to provide increased stiffness. Thetension sensors anchor brackets PODS ECU 18 vialines child seat 26, one of theanchor brackets anchor frame 32 as shown inFIGS. 3-4 , and thesingle tension sensor anchor brackets child seat 26, and also to compensate the occupant seat weight indication (the pressure signal output ofpressure sensor 14, for example) or a threshold to which the occupant seat weight indication is compared. - Referring to the embodiment of
FIGS. 3-4 ,anchor frame 50 is contoured to form right andleft pocket areas anchor brackets respective pocket areas anchor frame 32, theanchor frame 50 may be stamped sheet metal, for example, and includesurface contours 56 to provide increased stiffness. The lower sides ofanchor frame 50 are flanged as indicated by thereference numerals 58, eachflange 58 having amounting aperture 60 as shown inFIG. 3 . A rod 62 (or two individual posts) securely fastened to theseat frame 20 passes through theapertures 60 to pivotally support theanchor frame 50 with respect to theseat frame 20. Theanchor frame 50 is additionally coupled to theseat frame 20 by thetension sensor 52 so that tension applied to theanchor brackets sensor 52. Referring toFIG. 3 , amounting tab 66 formed at one end ofsensor 52 is fastened toseat frame 20, and arod 68 formed at the other end ofsensor 52 is secured to theanchor frame 50. In the illustrated embodiment, therod 68 terminates in across-piece 68 a that is captured by a pair of oppositely dependingtabs anchor frame 50. Tension applied to theanchor brackets anchor frame 50 toward theinfant seat 26 about therod 62, and the resulting force measured bysensor 52 provides a measure of the total tension. As with the embodiment ofFIGS. 1-2 , the output oftension sensor 52 is provided to PODSECU 18, which utilizes the anchor tension signals to detect the presence of an infant orchild seat 26, and to compensate the occupant seat weight indication or a threshold to which the occupant seat weight indication is compared. - In summary, the present invention provides a reliable and cost-effective apparatus for measuring the tension exerted on a pair of child seat anchor brackets in a vehicle seat. While the invention has been described in reference to the illustrated embodiments, it should be understood that various modifications in addition to those mentioned above will occur to persons skilled in the art. For example, the
strain sensors
Claims (27)
1. Apparatus for measuring tension exerted on a child seat anchor bracket of a vehicle seat, comprising:
an anchor frame coupled to the anchor bracket, and secured to a frame of the vehicle seat; and
a tension or strain sensor coupled to the anchor frame,
wherein said anchor bracket is rigidly secured to said anchor frame and said sensor includes a first portion coupled to said anchor frame and a second portion coupled to the seat frame.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said anchor frame is secured to the seat frame by a pivot coupling, and said sensor is coupled to said anchor frame between said pivot joint and said anchor bracket.
3. Apparatus for measuring tension exerted on a child seat anchor bracket of a vehicle seat, comprising:
an anchor frame rigidly secured to the anchor bracket, and secured to a frame of the vehicle seat; and
a tension sensor including a first portion coupled to said anchor frame and a second portion coupled to the seat frame.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein said anchor frame is secured to the seat frame by a pivot coupling, and the first portion of said sensor is coupled to said anchor frame between said pivot joint and said anchor bracket.
5. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein said anchor frame extends laterally across said seat, and first and second child seat anchor brackets are rigidly secured to laterally opposite ends of said anchor frame such that said first and second anchor brackets are disposed in a gap between back and bottom cushions of said seat.
6. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the first portion of said sensor is coupled to said anchor frame at a point intermediate said first and second child seat anchor brackets.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein said anchor frame is secured to the seat frame by a pivot coupling, and the first portion of said sensor is coupled to said anchor frame at a point intermediate said pivot joint and said anchor brackets.
8. An apparatus for measuring a cinching tension on a child seat placed on a bottom cushion of a vehicle seat, said vehicle seat having a pressure sensor disposed therein operative to monitor the weight of an occupant and provide an occupant weight output signal to an occupant detection system electronic control unit, said child seat having first and second tethers affixed thereto for cinching said child seat to said vehicle seat independently of an occupant restraining seat belt system associated with said vehicle seat, said apparatus comprising:
first and second laterally spaced child seat anchor brackets straddling said child seat in proximity to said bottom cushion, said first and second child seat anchor brackets being adapted to tensively secure said first and second tethers to said vehicle seat, respectively;
an anchor frame rigidly carrying the anchor brackets extending across a lateral width dimension of the vehicle seat and secured to a frame of the vehicle seat by a coupling affecting limited relative movement therebetween; and
a tension sensor mountingly coupled between the seat frame and anchor frame, said tension sensor providing an output signal to said occupant detection system electronic control unit as a function of the preset tension in said tether straps.
9. The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein said tension sensor includes a first portion rigidly secured to said anchor frame and a second portion rigidly secured to said seat frame.
10. The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein said anchor frame is secured to the seat frame by a pivot coupling, and said sensor is coupled to said anchor frame between said pivot joint and said anchor bracket.
11. The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein said anchor frame extends laterally across said seat, and first and second child seat anchor brackets are rigidly secured to laterally opposite ends of said anchor frame such that said first and second anchor brackets are disposed in a gap between back and bottom cushions of said seat.
12. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the first portion of said sensor is coupled to said anchor frame at a point intermediate said first and second child seat anchor brackets.
13. The apparatus of claim 12 , wherein said anchor frame is secured to the seat frame by a pivot coupling, and the first portion of said sensor is coupled to said anchor frame at a point intermediate said pivot joint and said anchor brackets.
14. In a vehicle seat assembly including a generally vertically disposed back cushion, a seat portion including a generally horizontally disposed bottom cushion carried upon a seat frame, pressure sensor means disposed within said seat portion operative to monitor the weight of an occupant and provide an occupant weight output signal to an occupant detection system electronic control unit, and an occupant restraining seat belt, an apparatus for measuring the tension exerted on a plurality of tether straps by a child seat disposed on said bottom cushion, said tethers arranged for securing said child seat to said vehicle seat assembly, said apparatus comprising:
a plurality of laterally spaced child seat anchor brackets straddling said child seat, each anchor bracket adapted to tensively secure a corresponding tether affixed to said child seat;
an anchor frame rigidly carrying the anchor brackets extending across a lateral width dimension of the vehicle seat an secured to a frame of the vehicle seat by a coupling affecting limited relative movement therebetween; and
a tension sensor mountingly coupled between said seat frame and said anchor frame, said tension sensor operative to provide a tension sensor output signal to said occupant detection system electronic control unit as a function of the sensed tension in said tethers.
15. The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein said occupant detection system electronic control unit is operative to generate an output signal as a function of said occupant weight output signal and said tension sensor output signal.
16. The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein said anchor frame is secured to said seat frame by a pivot coupling.
17. The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein said anchor frame defines a pocket area for nestingly receiving and securing said tension sensor therein.
18. The apparatus of claim 17 , wherein said pocket area is integrally formed adjacent one lateral end of said anchor frame.
19. The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein said anchor frame defines surface contours therein to enhance characteristic stiffness of said anchor frame.
20. The apparatus of claim 19 , wherein said surface contours are integrally formed in said anchor frame as a plurality of laterally spaced depressions therein.
21. The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein said apparatus comprises a plurality of tension sensors, one tension sensor associated with each child seat anchor bracket.
22. The apparatus of claim 21 , wherein each said tension sensor is operative to provide an associated tension sensor output signal to said occupant detection system electronic control unit.
23. The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein:
said tension sensor comprises a first portion coupled to said anchor frame and a second portion coupled to the seat frame.
24. The apparatus of claim 23 , wherein said anchor frame is secured to the seat frame by a pivot coupling, and the first portion of said sensor is coupled to said anchor frame between said pivot joint and said anchor bracket.
25. The apparatus of claim 23 , wherein said anchor frame extends laterally across said seat, and each child seat anchor brackets is rigidly secured to laterally opposite ends of said anchor frame such that each of said anchor brackets are at least partially disposed in said juncture gap between back and bottom cushions of said vehicle seat.
26. The apparatus of claim 25 , wherein the first portion of said sensor is coupled to said anchor frame at a point intermediate first and second child seat anchor brackets.
27. The apparatus of claim 26 , wherein said anchor frame is secured to the seat frame by a pivot coupling, and the first portion of said sensor is coupled to said anchor frame at a point intermediate said pivot joint and said anchor brackets.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/218,744 US20080272633A1 (en) | 2003-11-11 | 2008-07-17 | Apparatus for measuring child seat anchor tension |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/705,708 US7410214B2 (en) | 2003-02-14 | 2003-11-11 | Apparatus for measuring child seat anchor tension |
US12/218,744 US20080272633A1 (en) | 2003-11-11 | 2008-07-17 | Apparatus for measuring child seat anchor tension |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/705,708 Division US7410214B2 (en) | 2003-02-14 | 2003-11-11 | Apparatus for measuring child seat anchor tension |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20080272633A1 true US20080272633A1 (en) | 2008-11-06 |
Family
ID=39939052
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/705,708 Expired - Fee Related US7410214B2 (en) | 2003-02-14 | 2003-11-11 | Apparatus for measuring child seat anchor tension |
US12/218,744 Abandoned US20080272633A1 (en) | 2003-11-11 | 2008-07-17 | Apparatus for measuring child seat anchor tension |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/705,708 Expired - Fee Related US7410214B2 (en) | 2003-02-14 | 2003-11-11 | Apparatus for measuring child seat anchor tension |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
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US (2) | US7410214B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1462318B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE602004001613T2 (en) |
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US10252640B2 (en) | 2017-08-21 | 2019-04-09 | Joyson Safety Systems Acquisition Llc | Seatbelt and child seat anchor based occupancy detection system |
US20200269807A1 (en) * | 2019-02-22 | 2020-08-27 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Integration of child safety seat with vehicle seatbelt reminder systems |
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Cited By (6)
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US20170236395A1 (en) * | 2016-02-11 | 2017-08-17 | Tk Holdings Inc. | Seatbelt and child seat anchor based occupancy detection system |
WO2017139668A1 (en) * | 2016-02-11 | 2017-08-17 | Tk Holdings Inc. | Seatbelt and child seat anchor based occupancy detection system |
CN109070836A (en) * | 2016-02-11 | 2018-12-21 | 乔伊森安全系统收购有限责任公司 | Occupancy detection system based on seat harness and children's seat anchoring piece |
US10600302B2 (en) * | 2016-02-11 | 2020-03-24 | Joyson Safety Systems Acquisition Llc | Seatbelt and child seat anchor based occupancy detection system |
US10252640B2 (en) | 2017-08-21 | 2019-04-09 | Joyson Safety Systems Acquisition Llc | Seatbelt and child seat anchor based occupancy detection system |
US20200269807A1 (en) * | 2019-02-22 | 2020-08-27 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Integration of child safety seat with vehicle seatbelt reminder systems |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1462318A1 (en) | 2004-09-29 |
EP1462318B1 (en) | 2006-07-26 |
US7410214B2 (en) | 2008-08-12 |
DE602004001613T2 (en) | 2007-07-26 |
DE602004001613D1 (en) | 2006-09-07 |
US20040160044A1 (en) | 2004-08-19 |
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