US20080292242A1 - High-Quality-Factor Tunable Microdisk - Google Patents
High-Quality-Factor Tunable Microdisk Download PDFInfo
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- US20080292242A1 US20080292242A1 US11/572,633 US57263305A US2008292242A1 US 20080292242 A1 US20080292242 A1 US 20080292242A1 US 57263305 A US57263305 A US 57263305A US 2008292242 A1 US2008292242 A1 US 2008292242A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/015—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on semiconductor elements with at least one potential jump barrier, e.g. PN, PIN junction
- G02F1/025—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on semiconductor elements with at least one potential jump barrier, e.g. PN, PIN junction in an optical waveguide structure
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/12007—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind forming wavelength selective elements, e.g. multiplexer, demultiplexer
Definitions
- the present invention relates to microscale optical devices and, more particularly, to an optical device that includes a tunable microdisk resonator with a high quality factor.
- High-quality-factor resonant optical devices such as Fabry-Perot cavities have been proposed as extremely effective tools for the delicate manipulation and measurement of subtle quantum states (P Horak et al., “Possibility of single-atom detection on a chip”, Phys. Rev. A vol 67 p. 43806 (2003); W. von Klitzing et al., “Tunable whispering gallery modes for spectroscopy and CQED experiments”, New J. Phys. Vol. 3 p, 14 (2001)). If the quality factor of such a device is sufficiently high, a single photon can interact many times with the same atom, ion or molecule so that a significant interaction can be achieved. However, to achieve such strong coupling, the optical device must be kept on resonance with a frequency that is sufficiently close to the frequency of the chosen quantum transition.
- Tunable resonant microdisks have been used as filters and switches in optical communication (Konstadin Djordjev et al., “Microdisk tunable resonant filters and switches”, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters vol. 14 no. 6 pp. 828-830 (June 2002)).
- a “microcavity” is, essentially, a microdisk turned inside-out. Integrated optical microcavities have been used in evanescent-wave spectroscopy (E. Krioukov et ala, “Integrated optical microcavities for enhanced evanescent-wave spectroscopy”. Optics Letters vol. 27 no. 17 pp. 1504-1506 (September 2002)).
- an optical device including: (a) a waveguide; and (b) a microdisk, optically coupled to the waveguide, separated from the waveguide by a gap of between about 0.3 microns and about 0.7 microns and having a diameter of between about 15 microns and about 50 microns and a quality factor of at lea about 10 5 .
- the basic optical device of the present invention includes a waveguide and a microdisk that is optically coupled to the waveguide.
- the gap between the waveguide and the microdisk is between about 0.3 microns and about 0.7 microns.
- the diameter of the microdisk is between about 15 microns and about 50 microns, more preferably between about 15 microns and about 30 microns, most preferably between about 15 microns and about 20 microns.
- the quality factor of the microdisk is at least about 10 5 .
- the microdisk is substantially cylindrical.
- the microdisk is substantially toroidal, in which case the “diameter” of the microdisk is the outer diameter of the microdisk.
- the waveguide is tapered for mode matching with the microdisk.
- the waveguide and the microdisk are fabricated on a common substrate.
- the gap is at least about 0.5 microns and the quality factor is at least about 10 6 . Most preferably, the gap is about 0.7 microns and the quality factor is at least about 10 7 .
- the optical device also includes a mechanism, such as an optoelectric mechanism or a piezoelectric mechanism, for tuning the microdisk.
- a mechanism such as an optoelectric mechanism or a piezoelectric mechanism, for tuning the microdisk.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a minimal optical device of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a plan view of the device of FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 3 shows plots of calculated Q vs. D for several values of g
- FIG. 5 shows plots of the relative changes in index of refraction and in D that provide a full spectral range scan, vs. D, for two indices of refraction.
- the present invention is of a resonant-microdisk-based optical device that can be used for single-quantum-particle detection.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the minimal optical device 10 of the present invention.
- Device 10 includes a cylindrical microdisk 12 and a slab waveguide 14 fabricated on a common substrate 16 .
- Minimal device 10 is an integrated part of a larger system that includes several optical, electronic and micromechanical devices all fabricated on a larger chip. Methods of fabricating such chips are known in the art (T. J. Kippenberg et al., “Fabrication and coupling to planar high-Q silica disk microcavities”, Appl. Phys Lett. Vol. 83 p. 797 (2003); D. K.
- FIG. 2 is a plan view of device 10 , showing the geometric parameters of device 10 : the diameter D of microdisk 12 and the gap g between microdisk 12 and waveguide 14 .
- Waveguide 14 couples light into and out of microdisk 12 .
- Adiabatically tapered ends 18 L and 18 R of waveguide 14 are attached to optical fibers (not shown).
- the mode overlap at the interface between waveguide 14 and the optical fiber must be maximized.
- typical cross-sectional dimensions of waveguide 14 are 9 ⁇ 9 microns and 12 ⁇ 12 microns for the refractive index range of 1.454 to 2.17 and 14 ⁇ 14 microns for a refractive index of 3.5, for wavelengths around 780 nm. Coupling efficiencies of 96% to 98% can be achieved.
- ends 18 L and 18 R need to taper inwards to a width of between 0.3 microns and 1.2 microns.
- Microdisk 12 is shown as a right-circular cylinder. Alternatively, microdisk 12 is a cylindrical torus, that supports almost the same WGM as a cylinder.
- the optical properties of device 10 were modeled using finite difference time domain (FDTD) (S. C. Hagness et al., “FDTD microcavity simulations: design and experimental realization of waveguide-coupled single-mode ring and whispering-gallery-mode disk resonators”, J. Lightwave Technol. Vol. 15 p. 2154 (1997)) and coupled mode theory (CMT) (D, R. Rowland and J, D. Love., “Evanescent wave coupling of whispering gallery modes of a dielectric cylinder”, IEEE Proceedings - J vol. 140 p. 177 (1993)) methods.
- FDTD finite difference time domain
- CMT coupled mode theory
- the wavelength of the light was 780 nm, which is of interest as the wavelength of an electronic transition of Rubidium.
- the objective of the modeling was to show the ability to obtain a high quality factor Q with relatively small disk sizes worthy of the name “microresonator”.
- the solid lines are plots of Q as a function of D, obtained using CMT.
- Curves 20 , 22 , 24 , 26 and 28 are, respectively, Q vs. D at gaps g of 0.1 microns, 0.3 microns. 0.5 microns, 0.7 microns and ⁇ (i.e., microdisk 12 not coupled to waveguide 14 ), for a wavelength of 780 nm and an index of refraction of 1.454.
- the five solid dots were computed for g of 0.1 microns using FTDT, which is computationally much more expensive than CMT, to verify the accuracy of the CMT computations.
- the dotted line is a CMT computation for g about 0.9 microns, a wavelength of 1550 nm and an index of refraction of 1.444.
- the diamond is the corresponding measurement of Kippenberg et al.
- the longitudinal index l of the WGM must be changed accordingly to keep the resonant wavelength near 780 nm.
- the wavelength needed for optimal mode resonance can be achieved by choosing a precise value of D.
- Different materials have been used in the prior art to fabricate microdisk resonators with refractive indices ranging from 1.444 up to 3.5.
- the values of 1.454 and 1.444 used in FIG. 3 corresponds to fused silica at the respective wavelengths.
- the following table shows some sample CMT results.
- q is the radial index of the WGM.
- the resonance width of a microdisk is orders of magnitude narrower than the microdisk's full spectral range (FSR). Therefore, coincidences between the transverse fundamental WGM of a microdisk and the frequency of a quantum transition of interest are extremely unlikely.
- FSR full spectral range
- either the diameter of the microdisk or the refractive index of the microdisk must be changed. In other words, the microdisk must be tuned.
- the tuning procedure must be stable and reversible and the tuning range has to be of the same order of magnitude as the FSR.
- FIG. 5 shows the calculated ⁇ n/n and ⁇ D/D needed to scan one fail FSR, vs. D, at a wavelength of 780 nm.
- the curve marked with triangles is ⁇ n/n for an index of refraction of 2.17.
- the curve marked with diamonds is ⁇ n/n for an index of refraction of 1.454.
- the curve marked with solid circles is ⁇ D/D for an index of refraction of 2.17.
- the curve marked with open circles is ⁇ D/D for an index of refraction of 1.454.
- the two long arrows correspond to actual materials.
- the long arrow pointing to the left shows experimentally obtained ⁇ n/n for InP.
- the long arrow pointing to the right shows experimentally obtained ⁇ D/D for BaTiO 3 .
- the tuning is achieved by applying to the microdisk a uniform electric field that tunes the optical refractive index of the microdisk, thereby changing the resonance wavelength.
- the bottom of microdisk 12 is covered by an electrically conductive layer 30 and the top of microdisk 12 is covered by an electrically conductive layer 32 .
- a voltage is applied across layers 30 and 32 to create the necessary electric field.
- crystalline materials usually have a relative index of refraction change of 0.01% to 1% for a field of 10 5 volts per meter. If microdisk 12 is 5 microns thick, a voltage difference of 5 volts provides such an electric field across microdisk 5 .
- FIG. 5 shows that the needed tuning can be achieved for microdisks 12 whose diameters D are at least about 15 microns.
- the piezoelectric effect also can be used to change the diameter of a microdisk.
- the disk must be fabricated from a transparent piezoelectric material.
- the voltage necessary for tuning is obtained as in the optoelectrical case using layers 30 and 32 .
- Transparent piezoelectric materials such as BaTiO 3 have a piezoelectric coefficient on the order of 10 ⁇ 10 meters per volt, which leads to ⁇ D/D around 0.003 for electric fields of 3 ⁇ 10 7 volts (150 volts across microdisk 12 if microdisk 12 is 5 microns thick), FIG. 5 shows that in this case, D greater than or equal to about 30 microns enables a full FSR scan.
- using higher voltages and more exotic materials allows even smaller disk diameters.
- FIGS. 3 and 5 A comparison of FIGS. 3 and 5 shows that for microdisks 12 whose diameters D are in the tunability range, from about 15 microns to about 50 microns, a quality factor of at least about 10 5 can be attained, provided that the gap g between microdisk 12 and waveguide 14 is between about 0.3 microns and about 0.7 microns.
- higher quality factors than this have been achieved in the prior art but only for larger gaps g and much larger diameters D.
- the highest quality factors that have been achieved in the diameter and gap ranges of the present invention like the quality factors of Hagness et al that are shown in FIG. 4 , are on the order of 10 4 .
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to microscale optical devices and, more particularly, to an optical device that includes a tunable microdisk resonator with a high quality factor.
- High-quality-factor resonant optical devices such as Fabry-Perot cavities have been proposed as extremely effective tools for the delicate manipulation and measurement of subtle quantum states (P Horak et al., “Possibility of single-atom detection on a chip”, Phys. Rev. A vol 67 p. 43806 (2003); W. von Klitzing et al., “Tunable whispering gallery modes for spectroscopy and CQED experiments”, New J. Phys. Vol. 3 p, 14 (2001)). If the quality factor of such a device is sufficiently high, a single photon can interact many times with the same atom, ion or molecule so that a significant interaction can be achieved. However, to achieve such strong coupling, the optical device must be kept on resonance with a frequency that is sufficiently close to the frequency of the chosen quantum transition.
- Tunable resonant microdisks have been used as filters and switches in optical communication (Konstadin Djordjev et al., “Microdisk tunable resonant filters and switches”, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters vol. 14 no. 6 pp. 828-830 (June 2002)).
- A “microcavity” is, essentially, a microdisk turned inside-out. Integrated optical microcavities have been used in evanescent-wave spectroscopy (E. Krioukov et ala, “Integrated optical microcavities for enhanced evanescent-wave spectroscopy”. Optics Letters vol. 27 no. 17 pp. 1504-1506 (September 2002)).
- According to the present invention there is provided an optical device including: (a) a waveguide; and (b) a microdisk, optically coupled to the waveguide, separated from the waveguide by a gap of between about 0.3 microns and about 0.7 microns and having a diameter of between about 15 microns and about 50 microns and a quality factor of at lea about 105.
- The basic optical device of the present invention includes a waveguide and a microdisk that is optically coupled to the waveguide. The gap between the waveguide and the microdisk is between about 0.3 microns and about 0.7 microns. The diameter of the microdisk is between about 15 microns and about 50 microns, more preferably between about 15 microns and about 30 microns, most preferably between about 15 microns and about 20 microns. The quality factor of the microdisk is at least about 105.
- Preferably, the microdisk is substantially cylindrical. Alternatively, the microdisk is substantially toroidal, in which case the “diameter” of the microdisk is the outer diameter of the microdisk.
- Preferably, the waveguide is tapered for mode matching with the microdisk.
- Preferably, the waveguide and the microdisk are fabricated on a common substrate.
- Preferably, the gap is at least about 0.5 microns and the quality factor is at least about 106. Most preferably, the gap is about 0.7 microns and the quality factor is at least about 107.
- Preferably, the optical device also includes a mechanism, such as an optoelectric mechanism or a piezoelectric mechanism, for tuning the microdisk.
- The invention is herein described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
-
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a minimal optical device of the present invention; -
FIG. 2 is a plan view of the device ofFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 3 shows plots of calculated Q vs. D for several values of g; -
FIG. 4 shows plots of calculated Q vs. D for two indices of refraction and two wavelengths at g=0.2 microns; -
FIG. 5 shows plots of the relative changes in index of refraction and in D that provide a full spectral range scan, vs. D, for two indices of refraction. - The present invention is of a resonant-microdisk-based optical device that can be used for single-quantum-particle detection.
- The principles and operation of a resonant-microdisk-based optical device according to the present invention may be better understood with reference to the drawings and the accompanying description.
- Referring now to the drawings,
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the minimaloptical device 10 of the present invention.Device 10 includes acylindrical microdisk 12 and aslab waveguide 14 fabricated on a common substrate 16.Minimal device 10 is an integrated part of a larger system that includes several optical, electronic and micromechanical devices all fabricated on a larger chip. Methods of fabricating such chips are known in the art (T. J. Kippenberg et al., “Fabrication and coupling to planar high-Q silica disk microcavities”, Appl. Phys Lett. Vol. 83 p. 797 (2003); D. K. Armani et al., “Ultra-high-Q toroid microcavity on a chip”, Nature vol, 421p. 925 (2003); V. Zwiller et al., “Fabrication and time-resolved studies of visible microdisk lasers”, J. Appl. Phys. Vol. 93 p. 2307 (2003)) and so need not be recited herein. -
FIG. 2 is a plan view ofdevice 10, showing the geometric parameters of device 10: the diameter D ofmicrodisk 12 and the gap g betweenmicrodisk 12 andwaveguide 14. - Waveguide 14 couples light into and out of
microdisk 12. Adiabatically tapered ends 18L and 18R ofwaveguide 14 are attached to optical fibers (not shown). In order to optimize power transfer betweenwaveguide 14 and a single-mode optical fiber, the mode overlap at the interface betweenwaveguide 14 and the optical fiber must be maximized. For example, typical cross-sectional dimensions ofwaveguide 14 are 9×9 microns and 12×12 microns for the refractive index range of 1.454 to 2.17 and 14×14 microns for a refractive index of 3.5, for wavelengths around 780 nm. Coupling efficiencies of 96% to 98% can be achieved. For the best mode matching with whispering gallery modes (WGM) inmicrodisk 12, ends 18L and 18R need to taper inwards to a width of between 0.3 microns and 1.2 microns. - Microdisk 12 is shown as a right-circular cylinder. Alternatively,
microdisk 12 is a cylindrical torus, that supports almost the same WGM as a cylinder. - The optical properties of
device 10 were modeled using finite difference time domain (FDTD) (S. C. Hagness et al., “FDTD microcavity simulations: design and experimental realization of waveguide-coupled single-mode ring and whispering-gallery-mode disk resonators”, J. Lightwave Technol. Vol. 15 p. 2154 (1997)) and coupled mode theory (CMT) (D, R. Rowland and J, D. Love., “Evanescent wave coupling of whispering gallery modes of a dielectric cylinder”, IEEE Proceedings-J vol. 140 p. 177 (1993)) methods. In most cases, the wavelength of the light was 780 nm, which is of interest as the wavelength of an electronic transition of Rubidium. - The objective of the modeling was to show the ability to obtain a high quality factor Q with relatively small disk sizes worthy of the name “microresonator”. In
FIG. 3 , the solid lines are plots of Q as a function of D, obtained using CMT.Curves 20, 22, 24, 26 and 28 are, respectively, Q vs. D at gaps g of 0.1 microns, 0.3 microns. 0.5 microns, 0.7 microns and ∞ (i.e.,microdisk 12 not coupled to waveguide 14), for a wavelength of 780 nm and an index of refraction of 1.454. The five solid dots were computed for g of 0.1 microns using FTDT, which is computationally much more expensive than CMT, to verify the accuracy of the CMT computations. The dotted line is a CMT computation for g about 0.9 microns, a wavelength of 1550 nm and an index of refraction of 1.444. The diamond is the corresponding measurement of Kippenberg et al. - To calculate Q for different values of D, the longitudinal index l of the WGM must be changed accordingly to keep the resonant wavelength near 780 nm. The wavelength needed for optimal mode resonance can be achieved by choosing a precise value of D. Different materials have been used in the prior art to fabricate microdisk resonators with refractive indices ranging from 1.444 up to 3.5. The values of 1.454 and 1.444 used in
FIG. 3 corresponds to fused silica at the respective wavelengths. The following table shows some sample CMT results. q is the radial index of the WGM. -
Wave- D length Q Q (microns) l q (nm) (g = 0.3 microns) (g = 0.6 microns) 30 167 1 778.73 1.55 × 105 8.44 × 106 30 166 1 783.27 1.47 × 105 8.05 × 106 30 159 2 780.04 1.83 × 105 8.85 × 106 15 81 1 780.41 7.66 × 104 3.82 × 106 45 253 1 780.15 2.66 × 105 1.40 × 107 - Values of Q also were computed using CMT and FDTD for other materials, with other refractive indices, for example AlGaAs/GaAs and SiN, for which tuning mechanisms have been reported, at a gap g of 0.2 microns. Some of these results are plotted in
FIG. 4 . The dashed curve inFIG. 4 is for a wavelength of 780 nm and an index of refraction of 2.17, the index of refraction of Si3N4 at that wavelength. The solid curve inFIG. 4 is for a wavelength of 780 nm and an index of refraction of 1.454. As inFIG. 3 , the solid dots represent FDTD results corresponding to the solid line. The dotted curve is for a wavelength of 1550 nm and an index of refraction of 3.2. The diamonds represent measurements by Hagness et al. - In general, the resonance width of a microdisk is orders of magnitude narrower than the microdisk's full spectral range (FSR). Therefore, coincidences between the transverse fundamental WGM of a microdisk and the frequency of a quantum transition of interest are extremely unlikely. To keep a WGM resonance near the wavelength of interest (note that wavelength and frequency are equivalent in this context) either the diameter of the microdisk or the refractive index of the microdisk must be changed. In other words, the microdisk must be tuned. The tuning procedure must be stable and reversible and the tuning range has to be of the same order of magnitude as the FSR. Under those conditions, a resonant mode close to the required quantum transition frequency always can be found, even if the microdisk was fabricated with a mismatch in diameter or in refractive index. The tuning procedure also must be fast enough to compensate for temporal instabilities such as those arising from temperature fluctuations of the chip.
- Suitable tuning mechanisms include optoelectrical tuning and piezoelectrical tuning. Such tuning affects the mode resonance via Δv/v=Δn/n=ΔD/D, where v is the resonance mode frequency and n is the index of refraction. To achieve full FSR tuning, Δv/v must be approximately the reciprocal of the WGM longitudinal mode index l. Actually, because radial modes of several orders q can be used, there are in fact several useable resonances within each FSR.
-
FIG. 5 shows the calculated Δn/n and ΔD/D needed to scan one fail FSR, vs. D, at a wavelength of 780 nm. The curve marked with triangles is Δn/n for an index of refraction of 2.17. The curve marked with diamonds is Δn/n for an index of refraction of 1.454. The curve marked with solid circles is ΔD/D for an index of refraction of 2.17. The curve marked with open circles is ΔD/D for an index of refraction of 1.454. The two long arrows correspond to actual materials. The long arrow pointing to the left shows experimentally obtained Δn/n for InP. The long arrow pointing to the right shows experimentally obtained ΔD/D for BaTiO3. - In the case of optoelectrical tuning, the tuning is achieved by applying to the microdisk a uniform electric field that tunes the optical refractive index of the microdisk, thereby changing the resonance wavelength. As shown in
FIG. 1 , the bottom ofmicrodisk 12 is covered by an electricallyconductive layer 30 and the top ofmicrodisk 12 is covered by an electrically conductive layer 32. A voltage is applied acrosslayers 30 and 32 to create the necessary electric field. For example, crystalline materials usually have a relative index of refraction change of 0.01% to 1% for a field of 105 volts per meter. Ifmicrodisk 12 is 5 microns thick, a voltage difference of 5 volts provides such an electric field acrossmicrodisk 5.FIG. 5 shows that the needed tuning can be achieved formicrodisks 12 whose diameters D are at least about 15 microns. - The piezoelectric effect also can be used to change the diameter of a microdisk. In this case, the disk must be fabricated from a transparent piezoelectric material. The voltage necessary for tuning is obtained as in the optoelectrical
case using layers 30 and 32. Transparent piezoelectric materials such as BaTiO3 have a piezoelectric coefficient on the order of 10−10 meters per volt, which leads to ΔD/D around 0.003 for electric fields of 3×107 volts (150 volts acrossmicrodisk 12 ifmicrodisk 12 is 5 microns thick),FIG. 5 shows that in this case, D greater than or equal to about 30 microns enables a full FSR scan. For both optoelectric tuning of refractive index and piezoelectric tuning of disk diameter, using higher voltages and more exotic materials allows even smaller disk diameters. - A comparison of
FIGS. 3 and 5 shows that formicrodisks 12 whose diameters D are in the tunability range, from about 15 microns to about 50 microns, a quality factor of at least about 105 can be attained, provided that the gap g betweenmicrodisk 12 andwaveguide 14 is between about 0.3 microns and about 0.7 microns. As seen inFIG. 3 , higher quality factors than this have been achieved in the prior art but only for larger gaps g and much larger diameters D. The highest quality factors that have been achieved in the diameter and gap ranges of the present invention, like the quality factors of Hagness et al that are shown inFIG. 4 , are on the order of 104. - While the invention has been described with respect to a limited number of embodiments, it will be appreciated that many variations modifications and other applications of the invention may be made.
Claims (12)
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US20180120509A1 (en) * | 2016-11-01 | 2018-05-03 | Honeywell International Inc. | Apparatus and method for a low loss, high q resonator |
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US20010004411A1 (en) * | 1999-12-07 | 2001-06-21 | California Institute Of Technology | Optical routing/switching based on control of waveguide-ring resonator coupling6/023 |
US6920253B2 (en) * | 2003-10-02 | 2005-07-19 | Agilent Technologies, Inc | Optical modulator based on a microdisk resonator |
US7424192B2 (en) * | 2005-06-28 | 2008-09-09 | California Institute Of Technology | Frequency conversion with nonlinear optical polymers and high index contrast waveguides |
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US6633696B1 (en) * | 1998-12-07 | 2003-10-14 | California Institute Of Technology | Resonant optical wave power control devices and methods |
US20010004411A1 (en) * | 1999-12-07 | 2001-06-21 | California Institute Of Technology | Optical routing/switching based on control of waveguide-ring resonator coupling6/023 |
US6920253B2 (en) * | 2003-10-02 | 2005-07-19 | Agilent Technologies, Inc | Optical modulator based on a microdisk resonator |
US7424192B2 (en) * | 2005-06-28 | 2008-09-09 | California Institute Of Technology | Frequency conversion with nonlinear optical polymers and high index contrast waveguides |
Cited By (1)
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US20180120509A1 (en) * | 2016-11-01 | 2018-05-03 | Honeywell International Inc. | Apparatus and method for a low loss, high q resonator |
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