US20090044717A1 - base for a cartridge casing body for an ammunition article, a cartridge casing body and an ammunition article having such base, wherein the base is made from plastic, ceramic, or a composite material - Google Patents
base for a cartridge casing body for an ammunition article, a cartridge casing body and an ammunition article having such base, wherein the base is made from plastic, ceramic, or a composite material Download PDFInfo
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- US20090044717A1 US20090044717A1 US12/186,174 US18617408A US2009044717A1 US 20090044717 A1 US20090044717 A1 US 20090044717A1 US 18617408 A US18617408 A US 18617408A US 2009044717 A1 US2009044717 A1 US 2009044717A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- casing body
- cartridge casing
- base
- projectile
- ammunition article
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B5/00—Cartridge ammunition, e.g. separately-loaded propellant charges
- F42B5/26—Cartridge cases
- F42B5/30—Cartridge cases of plastics, i.e. the cartridge-case tube is of plastics
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B33/00—Manufacture of ammunition; Dismantling of ammunition; Apparatus therefor
- F42B33/001—Devices or processes for assembling ammunition, cartridges or cartridge elements from parts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B5/00—Cartridge ammunition, e.g. separately-loaded propellant charges
- F42B5/02—Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile
- F42B5/067—Mounting or locking missiles in cartridge cases
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B5/00—Cartridge ammunition, e.g. separately-loaded propellant charges
- F42B5/26—Cartridge cases
- F42B5/30—Cartridge cases of plastics, i.e. the cartridge-case tube is of plastics
- F42B5/307—Cartridge cases of plastics, i.e. the cartridge-case tube is of plastics formed by assembling several elements
Definitions
- the present invention relates to ammunition articles and methods of making ammunition articles and, more particularly, to ammunition articles with plastic components such as cartridge casing bodies and bases, and methods of making ammunition articles with plastic components.
- Plastic cartridge casings have been known for many years but have failed to provide satisfactory ammunition that could be produced in commercial quantities with sufficient safety, ballistic, and handling characteristics.
- the problems evidenced by all of the known methods of producing plastic or substantially plastic ammunition include the possibility of the projectile being pushed into the cartridge casing, the bullet pull being too light such that the bullet can fall out, the bullet pull being insufficient to create enough chamber pressure, the bullet pull being too great causing excessive chamber pressure, the bullet pull not being uniform from round to round, portions of the cartridge casing breaking off upon firing of the projectile causing damage or danger when subsequent rounds are fired or when the casing portions themselves become projectiles, and expense due to manufacturing techniques or multiple material constructions.
- similar problems to those present with prior art cartridge cases for conventional ammunition exist, as well as problems associated with portions of the cartridge cases breaking off and becoming dangerous, high velocity plastic projectiles.
- 0131863 which discloses a plastic cartridge casing that is provided with a ring or a plurality of rings or with a pronounced radially inward taper to engage corresponding surfaces on the bullet so that the bullet may be snapped into the casing.
- the technique of forming a cartridge casing and then snapping a bullet into the casing is time consuming in that it involves multiple steps, is manpower and equipment intensive in that different equipment is necessary to perform various tasks in the manufacturing process, and still risks a less than perfect fit between bullet and casing in that the casings are not custom fit to each bullet.
- an ammunition article including a molded plastic cartridge casing body having a first end and a second end, and a projectile attached to the first end of the cartridge casing body.
- the cartridge casing body is molded around at least a portion of the projectile.
- an ammunition article including a cartridge casing body having a first end and a second end, a projectile attached to the first end of the cartridge casing body, and a single piece, molded plastic base, the base being attached to the second end of the cartridge casing body.
- an ammunition article including a molded plastic cartridge case body having a closed front end and a second end.
- an ammunition article including a molded plastic cartridge case body, the cartridge case body including a web dividing an internal volume of the body to define a lower cavity for receiving a propellant and an upper cavity for receiving a projectile, the web including an upwardly extending prong for being received in a corresponding recess in a base of the projectile to fasten the body to the projectile.
- a method of making an ammunition article includes the steps of molding plastic around at least a portion of a projectile to form a plastic cartridge casing body having a first end to which the projectile is attached and a second end.
- a method of making an ammunition article includes the steps of molding plastic to form a single piece, molded plastic base, and attaching the base to an end of a cartridge casing body.
- a method of making an ammunition article includes the steps of molding plastic around a core pull to form a molded plastic cartridge case body having a closed front end and a second end, and removing the core pull from the cartridge casing body.
- a method of making an ammunition article includes the steps of molding plastic to form a molded plastic cartridge case body, the cartridge case body including a web dividing an internal volume of the body to define a lower cavity for receiving a propellant and an upper cavity for receiving a projectile, the web including an upwardly extending prong, and causing the upwardly extending prong to be received in a corresponding recess in a base of the projectile to fasten the body to the projectile.
- FIG. 1 is a top perspective view of an ammunition article according to a first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a bottom perspective view of an ammunition article according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a side view of an ammunition article according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 4A and 4B are side, cross-sectional views of an ammunition article according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a top perspective view of a cartridge casing body according to the first embodiment of the present invention and illustrated without the projectile;
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of an ammunition article according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a projectile for use in connection with the ammunition article according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a projectile for use in connection with the ammunition article according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9A is a cross-sectional view of a portion of an ammunition article according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 9B and 9C are partial, top views of a portion of an ammunition article according to the first embodiment of the present invention, showing possible forms of flanges;
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of an embodiment of the ammunition article according to the first embodiment of the present invention shown after firing;
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the ammunition article according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of an ammunition article according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 13A-14B are partially cross-sectional views of molding equipment for making an embodiment of a cartridge casing body for an ammunition article according to the first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of an assembly step according to a method for making an ammunition article according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is an exploded view of an ammunition article according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 17 is an exploded, cross-sectional view of an ammunition article according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 18A is a front perspective view of a molded plastic base according to an embodiment of the ammunition article according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 18B is a side, cross-sectional view of a molded base according to an embodiment of the ammunition article
- FIG. 19 is a rear perspective view of a molded plastic base according to an embodiment of the ammunition article according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 20 is a rear perspective view of an embodiment of a cartridge casing body for use with an embodiment of the ammunition article according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 21 is a partially cross-sectional view of molding equipment for making a plastic base for an ammunition article according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 22 is a side view of an ammunition article according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 23 is a partially cross-sectional view of molding equipment for making an ammunition article according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 24 is a front perspective view of a core pull for use in making an ammunition article according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 25 is a front end view of a core pull for use in making an ammunition article according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 26 is a side view of a core pull for use in making an ammunition article according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 27 is a side view of a core pull inserted in a partially broken ammunition article according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 28 is a side, cross-sectional view of a portion of an ammunition article according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 29 is a side, cross-sectional view of a portion of an ammunition article according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 30 is a side, cross-sectional view of a portion of an ammunition article according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 1-3 An ammunition article 21 according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIGS. 1-3 .
- the ammunition article 21 includes a molded plastic cartridge casing body 23 having a first end 25 and a second end 27 .
- a projectile 29 is attached to the first end 25 of the cartridge casing body 23 .
- the cartridge casing body 23 is a molded plastic part, and is formed by plastic being molded around at least a portion 31 of the projectile 29 .
- the cartridge casing body may be formed by plastic being molded to conform only with a bottom of a projectile, with a plastic protrusion extending into a cavity in the bottom of the projectile.
- the projectile 29 is preferably any one of the wide variety of well-known projectiles but may, if desired or necessary, include one or more features useful in connection with the present invention.
- the cartridge casing body 23 preferably includes an interior volume 33 including a first interior portion 35 defined by the portion 31 of the projectile 29 and a second interior portion 37 having a smaller diameter than the first interior portion and being separated from the first interior portion by a shoulder 39 .
- the shoulder 39 is preferably of sufficient size to prevent axial movement of the projectile 29 into the second interior portion 37 .
- the second interior volume 37 is preferably formed by a core pull ( FIGS. 13A-14B ) used in a cartridge casing body molding operation wherein a leading end of the core pull preferably abuts against the base 40 of the projectile 29 .
- the base 40 of the projectile may be flat or, as seen in FIG. 8 , contoured, such as by being concave.
- the base 40 may be contoured to any shape desired or necessary, such as concave, convex, a combination of concave or convex, have straight portions, or curved portions, depending upon factors such as the ballistic requirements of the projectile.
- the projectile 29 is preferably attached to the cartridge casing body 23 by one or more attachment arrangements 41 directed to preventing axial movement of the projectile relative to the cartridge casing body prior to firing, such as during storage or shipment, and during accidents such as dropping of the ammunition article.
- desirable characteristics of the attachment arrangement 41 may include the ability to provide sufficient bullet pull to permit creation of neither too much nor too little chamber pressure during firing of the projectile, ensuring uniform bullet pull from round to round, and avoiding causing portions of the cartridge casing body to break off when the ammunition article is fired.
- Suitable attachment arrangements 41 include a heat bond, an adhesive bond, and a weld, such as an ultrasonic weld, between the portion 31 of the projectile and the cartridge casing body 23 .
- the attachment arrangement may be a mechanical attachment arrangement wherein portions of the cartridge casing body 23 and the portion 31 of the projectile 29 are caused to interconnect.
- the attachment arrangement may, of course, be nothing more than a metal to plastic bond between the portion 31 of the projectile 29 and the cartridge casing body 23 created during the molding operation.
- a form of attachment arrangement 41 seen in detail in FIG. 9A , includes a flange 41 ′ on the cartridge casing body 23 extending into a recess 43 in the projectile 29 .
- Optimal dimensions for the flange 41 ′ will vary depending upon the specific type of ammunition article 21 to be made.
- the cartridge casing body 23 is made of a modified ZYTEL resin, available from E.I.
- a desirable dimension for an annular flange 41 ′ is 0.009′′ thick by 0.020′′ wide, i.e., the recess 43 is an annular recess in the projectile 29 that is about 0/009′′ thick by 0.020′′ wide.
- the flange 41 ′ and the recess 43 are not limited to being annular, and can be any of a variety of shapes and sizes, such as pins and grooves, detents and detent receiving recesses, helixes, such as screw threads, or any other suitable mechanically interconnectable structure sufficient to retain the projectile 29 in position in the cartridge casing body 23 .
- the flange 41 ′ need not be continuous around the entire circumference of the projectile, such as in the embodiment shown in FIG.
- the shape of the flange 41 ′ may be any suitable shape, such as a cone, a pyramid, a half-sphere, a half circular cylinder, a cube, or other geometrical form.
- the flange 41 ′ when provided, is preferably sized such that, and the cartridge casing body 23 is preferably made of a plastic material suitable for its specific intended application such that, upon firing of the projectile 29 , the flange 41 ′ breaks off from the rest of the body 23 and is carried off with the projectile, without also causing other portions of the body 23 to break off. If desired or necessary, multiple flanges 41 and recesses 43 can be arranged along a length of the cartridge casing body 23 and the portion 31 of the projectile 29 .
- an ammunition article 21 with a flange 41 ′ is just one embodiment of the present invention, and that the flange may be omitted in favor of one or more alternative attachment arrangements, such as metal-plastic bonding from the molding operation, interference fit, heat bonding, adhesive, or ultrasonic welding, as seen in FIG. 11 .
- the ammunition article 21 preferably also includes a base 45 attached to the second end 27 of the cartridge casing body 23 .
- a suitable material for the cartridge casing body 23 is a modified ZYTEL resin, available from E.I. DuPont De Nemours Co., a modified 612 nylon resin, modified to increase elastic response.
- a suitable cartridge casing body may also be made of a moldable material that forms part of the propellant pack, i.e., a moldable propellant, or otherwise is itself combustible or consumable by a propellant such as a powder ignition.
- the base 45 may be made of any suitable conventional material, for example, a metal material such as brass.
- the base 45 is made of a plastic material, and is preferably molded out of a long fiber reinforced nylon material to provide great stiffness, high compressive strength, and minimal cold flow, although other well known materials may be used for the base.
- the base may be a metal base, such as a brass base, or a plastic material base, a ceramic base, a composite base, a combination of plastic, composite, or ceramic, or may incorporate the composite reinforced ceramic technology disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/590,621, which is expressly incorporated by reference. If desired or necessary, the base 45 and the cartridge casing body 23 can be made of the same material.
- the cartridge casing body 23 is preferably somewhat more flexible than the base 45 to facilitate creation of a gas seal with the chamber, but fracture properties are preferably such as to facilitate breaking off of a flange 41 ′ (if provided) relatively cleanly from the rest of the cartridge casing body without causing other parts of the cartridge casing body to break off and follow the projectile 29 during firing.
- the base 45 is sufficiently sturdy to be reusable, even when it may be necessary to replace the cartridge casing body 23 after each use.
- the base 45 is attached to the cartridge casing body 23 by any suitable attachment arrangement, or combination of attachment arrangements.
- the base 45 may be attached to the cartridge casing body 23 by a suitable attachment arrangement 47 , such as by a mechanically interconnecting structure or otherwise.
- suitable attachment arrangements 47 may include, for example, screw threads, a tongue and groove arrangement, flanges or pins and grooves, detent and detent receiving recesses, an interference fit, a heat bond, an adhesive, or an ultrasonic weld, or a combination of these attachment arrangements.
- the ammunition article 21 preferably includes a propellant charge P inside the cartridge casing body 23 .
- propellant charge types are well known and, for purposes of the present application and except where otherwise indicated, can be considered to broadly include all suitable types of charges, such as those that are conventionally thought of as propellant charges and those that are conventionally considered to be explosive charges, such as black powder charges or charges such as PYRODEX, a smokeless black powder substitute available from Hodgdon Powder Co., Inc., Shawnee Mission, Kans.
- the ammunition article may include some means for igniting the propellant, such as a primer 49 ( FIG. 4B ) for igniting the propellant, or an electronic ignition 49 ′ for igniting the propellant (shown schematically in FIG. 4A ), or means for igniting the propellant may be partially or completely external to the ammunition article.
- the cartridge casing body 23 is preferably made by molding plastic around at least the portion 31 of the projectile 29 to form the plastic cartridge casing body having the first end 25 to which the projectile is attached and a second end 27 .
- Numerous plastic molding techniques are well known and are suitable for use in connection with the present application.
- the plastic is preferably molded around a core pull 51 such that the core pull and the portion 31 of the projectile 29 define the interior volume 33 of the plastic cartridge casing body 23 .
- a leading end 52 of the core pull 51 preferably abuts against the base 40 of the projectile 29 . After molding, the core pull 51 is removed from the plastic cartridge casing body 23 .
- the core pull 51 has a smaller diameter than the portion 31 of the projectile such that the interior volume 33 of the cartridge casing body 23 includes the first interior portion 35 defined by the portion of the projectile and a second interior portion 37 having a smaller diameter than the first interior portion and being separated from the first interior portion by the shoulder 39 .
- the shoulder 39 is preferably of sufficient size to prevent axial movement of the projectile 29 into the second interior portion 37 .
- the attachment arrangement 41 can be provided by, for example, heat bonding the projectile to the cartridge casing body, by adhesive bonding of the projectile to the cartridge casing body, or ultrasonic welding of the cartridge casing body to the projectile.
- the attachment arrangement may be provided by providing one or more recesses 43 in the portion 31 of the projectile 29 such that, when the plastic is molded around the portion of the projectile, the plastic enters the recesses and forms what is referred to herein as a flange 41 ′ on the cartridge casing body 23 , the flange 41 ′ extending into the recess.
- the molding operation is preferably performed in a mold 53 (showing a half mold and not showing another half of the mold which is preferably symmetrical to the illustrated half mold).
- the mold 53 preferably includes a cavity 55 in which the core pull 51 is axially movable to a position in which the leading end of the core pull preferably abuts against the base 40 of the projectile 29 .
- a front end 57 of the projectile 29 is preferably positioned against a mold element 59 corresponding in shape to the front end of the projectile, and which ensures proper axial positioning of the projectile relative to walls of the cavity 55 .
- the mold element 59 may be integral with the mold 53 , or may be a separate part that may be movable, as desired or necessary.
- An alternative form of mold 53 ′′ is shown in FIG. 13C , wherein a stationary or movable element 59 ′′ is substituted for the mold element 59 , and receives a front end of the projectile for axial positioning of the projectile 29 , and separable mold halves close around a rear portion of the projectile to define, with the projectile and a pull 51 , walls of a cavity 55 ′′ in which a plastic cartridge casing body is to be formed.
- FIGS. 14A and 14B Another form of mold 53 ′ is shown in FIGS. 14A and 14B and, instead of two identical or similar mold halves, such as are used in the embodiment of the method shown in FIGS. 13A and 13B , as seen in FIG. 14A , the mold 53 ′ preferably includes an end 53 a having a portion 59 ′ in which the front end 57 of the projectile 29 is received and which positions the projectile relative to walls 55 ′ of another end 53 b of the mold in which a core pull 51 ′ is provided.
- the core pull 51 ′ is preferably axially movable relative to the end 53 b .
- the mold end 53 b may include two separable halves to facilitate removal of the cartridge casing body 23 and the projectile 29 after forming.
- plastic is provided to the cavity 55 to fill voids between the walls of the cavity 55 and the walls of the portion 31 of the projectile, including any exposed portions of the base 40 of the projectile, and the core pull 51 to form the cartridge casing body 23 .
- one or more recesses 43 are provided in the projectile 29 , corresponding flanges 41 ′ are formed when the plastic fills the recesses.
- Attachment arrangements 41 such as heat bonds, adhesive bonds, and ultrasonic welds may be provided while the projectile 29 and the cartridge casing body 23 reside in the cavity 55 , or after removal of the cartridge casing body and the projectile from the cavity, as desired or necessary. Techniques for providing attachment arrangements 41 are well known and will not be further described here.
- the propellant charge P such as gunpowder or other propellant
- the base 45 is preferably attached to the second end 27 of the cartridge casing body, preferably following removal of the cartridge casing body and the projectile 29 from the mold 53 .
- an ignition device such as a primer ( FIG. 4B ) or an electronic ignition ( FIG. 4A ) is also provided, or, depending upon the nature of the ignition device, partially provided. If desired or necessary, it is, of course, possible to construct a mold and core arrangement to permit providing the charge P and attachment of the base 45 and primer while the cartridge casing body 23 and the projectile 29 continue to reside in the mold 53 .
- the base 45 may be a metal, such as brass, base, or may be plastic, composite, ceramic, or a combination of materials.
- a plastic or composite base 45 is preferably molded separately from the molding operation in which the cartridge casing body 23 is molded, before attachment to the cartridge casing body.
- the base 45 may be attached to the cartridge casing body 23 by any suitable attachment arrangement technique, such as through a mechanical attachment wherein interconnecting components of the base and the cartridge casing body are fitted together, or by any other suitable technique or combination of techniques.
- the base 45 may, for example, be attached to the cartridge casing body 23 by an attachment arrangement involving the screwing together of threads on the base with threads on the cartridge casing body.
- the base 45 may be attached to the cartridge casing body 23 by an attachment arrangement technique involving connecting a tongue and groove arrangement between attachable portions of the base and the cartridge casing body.
- the base 45 may be attached to the cartridge casing body 23 by an attachment arrangement technique involving forming an interference fit between the cartridge casing body and the base.
- the base 45 may be attached to the cartridge casing body 23 by an attachment arrangement technique involving adhesive joining.
- the base 45 may be attached to the cartridge casing body 23 by an attachment arrangement technique involving heat bonding.
- the base 45 may be attached to the cartridge casing body 23 by an attachment arrangement technique involving ultrasonic welding.
- FIG. 16 Another embodiment of an ammunition article 121 according to the present invention is shown in an exploded view in FIG. 16 but, when assembled, can appear substantially the same as the ammunition article 21 illustrated in FIGS. 1-3 .
- the ammunition article 121 includes a cartridge casing body 123 having a first end 125 and a second end 127 .
- a projectile 129 is attached to the first end 125 of the cartridge casing body 123 .
- a base 131 seen in FIGS.
- the base 131 may also incorporate the composite reinforced ceramic technology disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/590,621, which is hereby expressly incorporated by reference. As seen in FIG. 17 , the base 131 is attached to the second end of the cartridge casing body.
- the cartridge casing body 123 may be a plastic cartridge casing body, such as the plastic cartridge casing body described in connection with FIGS.
- cartridge casing body 123 may also be made of a moldable material that forms part of the propellant pack, i.e., a moldable propellant, or otherwise is itself combustible or consumable by a propellant such as a powder ignition.
- a propellant charge is preferably provided inside the cartridge casing body 123 and, as seen in FIG. 17 , a device for igniting the propellant, such as a primer 133 or an electronic ignition may be provided, or partially provided, for igniting the propellant.
- the base 131 is a plastic base, the base is preferably made of a sufficiently sturdy material to be reusable although the cartridge casing body 123 may be replaceable.
- the base 131 is attached to the cartridge casing body 123 by any suitable attachment arrangement 135 .
- the attachment arrangement 135 may, for example, be a mechanical attachment arrangement wherein portions of the base 131 and the cartridge casing body 123 interconnect with each other.
- Suitable attachment arrangements 135 include screw thread arrangements wherein the base 131 is attached to the cartridge casing body 123 by screw threads, tongue and groove arrangements, an interference fit the cartridge casing body, adhesive, a heat bond, and an ultrasonic weld.
- the ammunition article 121 is preferably made according to a method as seen in FIG. 21 wherein plastic is molded in a mold 137 around one or more cores 139 to form the single piece, molded plastic base 131 .
- the mold 137 may have two, substantially symmetrical halves, as seen in FIG. 21 , that separate in a direction transverse to a longitudinal axis of the base 131 , the mold may have two parts that separate in a direction of a longitudinal axis of the base, or the mold may have a single component, with the core 139 closing an end of the single component mold and one or both of the core and the single component mold being movable to permit removal of the base.
- the cartridge casing body or an ignition device or some component of an ammunition article may form part or all of a core around which the base 131 is molded.
- the base 131 is attached to the second end 127 of the cartridge casing body 123 using a suitable attachment arrangement 135 .
- the cartridge casing body 123 may be a molded plastic cartridge casing body, such as the body described with reference to FIGS. 1-15 , which is preferably formed in a separate operation from the molding of the base 131 , or a metallic cartridge casing body, such as the body shown in FIG. 20 .
- a propellant is provided in the cartridge casing body before attachment of the base 131 and the cartridge casing body 123 .
- a device for igniting the propellant may be provided or partially provided, such as a primer 133 or an electronic ignition, and may be attached or partially attached to the base 131 depending upon the nature of the device.
- FIG. 22 Another embodiment of an ammunition article 221 according to the present invention is shown in FIG. 22 .
- the ammunition article 221 is particularly well-suited for use as a blank cartridge.
- the ammunition article 221 includes a molded plastic cartridge case body 223 having a closed front end 225 and a second end 227 .
- the ammunition article 221 is illustrated as having a convex front end 225 , it will be appreciated that the front end can be any shape desired or necessary, such as flat, convex, or whatever shape yields desired characteristics.
- the ammunition article 221 is preferably molded in a mold 229 around a core pull 231 .
- the core pull 231 and the mold 229 are preferably shaped such that the closed front end 225 preferably includes walls that reduce in thickness toward an axial center 233 of the closed front end to facilitate causing the ammunition article to break at the tip and minimize the potential for portions of the wall becoming projectiles.
- the closed front end 225 preferably includes at least one, preferably a plurality of stress concentrators 235 for causing preferential tearing of the closed front end at the stress concentrators such that, upon firing, the front end will tend to split open at the axial tip at the center 233 and permit expansion of a charge, preferably a charge consisting of an explosive charge, such as black powder or PYRODEX, a smokeless black powder substitute available from Hodgdon Powder Co., Inc., Shawnee Mission, Kans. If desired or necessary, another propellant charge may be used.
- a charge preferably a charge consisting of an explosive charge, such as black powder or PYRODEX, a smokeless black powder substitute available from Hodgdon Powder Co., Inc., Shawnee Mission, Kans.
- another propellant charge may be used.
- the core pull 231 preferably has raised portions 237 for forming the stress concentrators 235 .
- the raised portions 237 are preferably in the form of intersecting lines that intersect at the tip 239 of the core pull 231 such that the resulting shape of the stress concentrators 235 on the interior wall of the front portion 225 of the cartridge casing body 223 will be such that the cartridge casing body will split open along the stress concentrators at the center 233 and along the length of the stress concentrators, reducing the possibility of portions of the cartridge casing body becoming projectiles upon expansion of a powder charge.
- stress concentrators can be provided on an exterior surface of the cartridge casing body 223 in addition to or instead of the stress concentrators 235 on the interior surface of the front portion 225 , preferably by providing appropriately shaped raised portions on the mold 229 .
- a base 241 like the base 45 is preferably attached to the cartridge casing body 223 by one or more of the same attachment arrangements, and a propellant (not shown) and a powder charge ignition device (not shown) are preferably also provided.
- the base may be a reusable base, and the cartridge casing body 223 is preferably replaceable on the base.
- the cartridge casing body 223 is preferably formed by molding plastic around the core pull 231 to form the molded plastic cartridge case body 223 having a closed front end 225 and a second end 227 .
- the core pull 231 is removed from the cartridge casing body 223 after the plastic is molded around the core pull.
- the mold 229 is preferably a two-piece mold (one piece of which is shown in FIG. 23 ) that separates along a plane extending through a longitudinal axis of the cartridge casing body, and at least one of the mold and the core pull 231 is movable relative to the other such that the core pull can be removed along the longitudinal axis of the cartridge casing body.
- the ammunition article 321 includes a molded plastic cartridge case body 323 .
- the cartridge case body 323 includes a web 325 dividing an internal volume of the body to define a lower cavity 327 for receiving a propellant and an upper cavity 329 for receiving a projectile 331 .
- the web 325 includes an upwardly extending prong 333 for being received in a corresponding recess 335 in a base 337 of the projectile 331 to fasten the cartridge casing body 323 to the projectile.
- the prong 333 may be attached in the recess 335 by any suitable attachment arrangement and attachment technique, such as by an interference fit, by interlocking structures on the prong and the recess, by an adhesive, by heat bonding, and by ultrasonic welding.
- the cartridge casing body 323 may, of course, be molded around the projectile 331 in a manner similar to the manner in which the cartridge casing body 23 is molded around the projectile 29 , except that a core pull would not extend all the way to a base of the projectile.
- the prong 333 may be formed by causing plastic to enter the recess 333 during the molding operation.
- the cartridge casing body 323 may be formed in a separate molding operation and thereafter attached to the projectile 331 such that the prong 333 is caused to enter the recess 335 .
- a base (not shown) may be attached by a suitable attachment arrangement in the same way that the base 45 is attached to the cartridge casing body 23 , and a propellant charge (not shown) and a propellant ignition device (not shown) may be provided in the same was as with the ammunition article 21 .
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,033,386 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,151,555 disclose plastic cartridge cases having a web extending across a body of the cartridge cases and are hereby expressly incorporated by reference.
- FIG. 29 discloses yet another embodiment of an ammunition article 321 ′ including a plastic cartridge casing body 323 ′.
- the body 323 ′ is molded to conform with a bottom end 325 ′ of the projectile in which a recess 327 ′ is provided such that a protrusion 329 ′ is molded in the recess and, preferably, the walls of the body do not extend up the sides of the projectile.
- This embodiment of the ammunition article 321 ′ facilitates use of a combustible cartridge casing body 323 ′, such as where the cartridge casing body itself forms part of the propellant pack.
- the base is preferably adapted to expand during firing to form a gas seal.
- the base may be a metal base, such as a brass base, or a plastic material base, a ceramic base, a composite base, a combination of plastic, composite, or ceramic, or may incorporate the composite reinforced ceramic technology disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/590,621, which is expressly incorporated by reference.
- an ammunition article 421 comprises a projectile 423 having cannelure contours 425 and a molded cartridge casing body 427 molded around at least a portion of the projectile such that a portion 429 of a wall 431 of the cartridge casing body follows the cannelure contours of the projectile.
- the portion 429 of the wall 431 preferably has a substantially constant thickness such that, where the projectile is recessed, the portion of the wall is also recessed.
- the cartridge casing body may be, for example, cylindrical, bottle-shaped, or have other suitable shapes as desired or necessary.
Abstract
An apparatus for manufacturing an ammunition article, includes forming a projectile of an ammunition article at a first station of an apparatus, transporting the projectile within the apparatus to a second station of the apparatus, and injection molding at the second station a cartridge casing body of the ammunition article around at least a portion of the projectile.
Description
- This application is a divisional application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/160,682, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/912,162, filed on Aug. 6, 2004, which is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/832,020, filed on Apr. 11, 2001 and now U.S. Pat. No. 6,845,716, which is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/265,946, filed on Mar. 11, 1999 and now U.S. Pat. No. 6,752,084, and which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/116,232, filed Jan. 15, 1999. The subject matter of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/912,162, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/832,020, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/265,946, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/116,232 is incorporated herein by reference.
- The present invention relates to ammunition articles and methods of making ammunition articles and, more particularly, to ammunition articles with plastic components such as cartridge casing bodies and bases, and methods of making ammunition articles with plastic components.
- Plastic cartridge casings have been known for many years but have failed to provide satisfactory ammunition that could be produced in commercial quantities with sufficient safety, ballistic, and handling characteristics. The problems evidenced by all of the known methods of producing plastic or substantially plastic ammunition include the possibility of the projectile being pushed into the cartridge casing, the bullet pull being too light such that the bullet can fall out, the bullet pull being insufficient to create enough chamber pressure, the bullet pull being too great causing excessive chamber pressure, the bullet pull not being uniform from round to round, portions of the cartridge casing breaking off upon firing of the projectile causing damage or danger when subsequent rounds are fired or when the casing portions themselves become projectiles, and expense due to manufacturing techniques or multiple material constructions. In the manufacture of blanks using plastic cartridge cases, similar problems to those present with prior art cartridge cases for conventional ammunition exist, as well as problems associated with portions of the cartridge cases breaking off and becoming dangerous, high velocity plastic projectiles.
- Certain of the foregoing problems are addressed in European Patent Application
- 0131863, which discloses a plastic cartridge casing that is provided with a ring or a plurality of rings or with a pronounced radially inward taper to engage corresponding surfaces on the bullet so that the bullet may be snapped into the casing. However, the technique of forming a cartridge casing and then snapping a bullet into the casing is time consuming in that it involves multiple steps, is manpower and equipment intensive in that different equipment is necessary to perform various tasks in the manufacturing process, and still risks a less than perfect fit between bullet and casing in that the casings are not custom fit to each bullet. It is desirable to provide ammunition articles having plastic cartridge casing bodies, cartridge casings with plastic cartridge casing bodies, and plastic cartridge casing bodies that ensure a high-quality fit between the plastic cartridge casing body and the projectile, and methods of manufacture for such articles that are simple and require minimal manpower and equipment.
- According to one aspect of the present invention, an ammunition article is provided, the ammunition article including a molded plastic cartridge casing body having a first end and a second end, and a projectile attached to the first end of the cartridge casing body. The cartridge casing body is molded around at least a portion of the projectile.
- According to another aspect of the present invention, an ammunition article is provided, the ammunition article including a cartridge casing body having a first end and a second end, a projectile attached to the first end of the cartridge casing body, and a single piece, molded plastic base, the base being attached to the second end of the cartridge casing body.
- According to another aspect of the present invention, an ammunition article is provided, the ammunition article including a molded plastic cartridge case body having a closed front end and a second end.
- According to another aspect of the present invention, an ammunition article is provided, the ammunition article including a molded plastic cartridge case body, the cartridge case body including a web dividing an internal volume of the body to define a lower cavity for receiving a propellant and an upper cavity for receiving a projectile, the web including an upwardly extending prong for being received in a corresponding recess in a base of the projectile to fasten the body to the projectile.
- According to another aspect of the present invention, a method of making an ammunition article includes the steps of molding plastic around at least a portion of a projectile to form a plastic cartridge casing body having a first end to which the projectile is attached and a second end.
- According to another aspect of the present invention, a method of making an ammunition article includes the steps of molding plastic to form a single piece, molded plastic base, and attaching the base to an end of a cartridge casing body.
- According to another aspect of the present invention, a method of making an ammunition article includes the steps of molding plastic around a core pull to form a molded plastic cartridge case body having a closed front end and a second end, and removing the core pull from the cartridge casing body.
- According to another aspect of the present invention, a method of making an ammunition article includes the steps of molding plastic to form a molded plastic cartridge case body, the cartridge case body including a web dividing an internal volume of the body to define a lower cavity for receiving a propellant and an upper cavity for receiving a projectile, the web including an upwardly extending prong, and causing the upwardly extending prong to be received in a corresponding recess in a base of the projectile to fasten the body to the projectile.
- The features and advantages of the present invention are well understood by reading the following detailed description in conjunction with the drawings in which like numerals indicate similar elements and in which:
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FIG. 1 is a top perspective view of an ammunition article according to a first embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 2 is a bottom perspective view of an ammunition article according to the first embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 3 is a side view of an ammunition article according to the first embodiment of the present invention; -
FIGS. 4A and 4B are side, cross-sectional views of an ammunition article according to the first embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 5 is a top perspective view of a cartridge casing body according to the first embodiment of the present invention and illustrated without the projectile; -
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of an ammunition article according to the first embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a projectile for use in connection with the ammunition article according to the first embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a projectile for use in connection with the ammunition article according to the first embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 9A is a cross-sectional view of a portion of an ammunition article according to the first embodiment of the present invention; -
FIGS. 9B and 9C are partial, top views of a portion of an ammunition article according to the first embodiment of the present invention, showing possible forms of flanges; -
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of an embodiment of the ammunition article according to the first embodiment of the present invention shown after firing; -
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the ammunition article according to the first embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of an ammunition article according to the first embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 13A-14B are partially cross-sectional views of molding equipment for making an embodiment of a cartridge casing body for an ammunition article according to the first embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of an assembly step according to a method for making an ammunition article according to the first embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 16 is an exploded view of an ammunition article according to a second embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 17 is an exploded, cross-sectional view of an ammunition article according to the second embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 18A is a front perspective view of a molded plastic base according to an embodiment of the ammunition article according to the second embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 18B is a side, cross-sectional view of a molded base according to an embodiment of the ammunition article; -
FIG. 19 is a rear perspective view of a molded plastic base according to an embodiment of the ammunition article according to the second embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 20 is a rear perspective view of an embodiment of a cartridge casing body for use with an embodiment of the ammunition article according to the second embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 21 is a partially cross-sectional view of molding equipment for making a plastic base for an ammunition article according to the second embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 22 is a side view of an ammunition article according to a third embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 23 is a partially cross-sectional view of molding equipment for making an ammunition article according to the third embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 24 is a front perspective view of a core pull for use in making an ammunition article according to the third embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 25 is a front end view of a core pull for use in making an ammunition article according to the third embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 26 is a side view of a core pull for use in making an ammunition article according to the third embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 27 is a side view of a core pull inserted in a partially broken ammunition article according to the third embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 28 is a side, cross-sectional view of a portion of an ammunition article according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 29 is a side, cross-sectional view of a portion of an ammunition article according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention; and -
FIG. 30 is a side, cross-sectional view of a portion of an ammunition article according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention. - An
ammunition article 21 according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown inFIGS. 1-3 . As seen in cross-section inFIGS. 4A and 4B , theammunition article 21 includes a molded plasticcartridge casing body 23 having afirst end 25 and asecond end 27. A projectile 29 is attached to thefirst end 25 of thecartridge casing body 23. Thecartridge casing body 23 is a molded plastic part, and is formed by plastic being molded around at least aportion 31 of the projectile 29. As discussed with reference toFIG. 29 , if desired or necessary, the cartridge casing body may be formed by plastic being molded to conform only with a bottom of a projectile, with a plastic protrusion extending into a cavity in the bottom of the projectile. The projectile 29 is preferably any one of the wide variety of well-known projectiles but may, if desired or necessary, include one or more features useful in connection with the present invention. - As seen in
FIG. 5 (showing the cartridge casing body with the projectile removed for illustration) thecartridge casing body 23 preferably includes aninterior volume 33 including a firstinterior portion 35 defined by theportion 31 of the projectile 29 and a secondinterior portion 37 having a smaller diameter than the first interior portion and being separated from the first interior portion by ashoulder 39. As seen inFIGS. 5 and 6 , theshoulder 39 is preferably of sufficient size to prevent axial movement of the projectile 29 into the secondinterior portion 37. The secondinterior volume 37 is preferably formed by a core pull (FIGS. 13A-14B ) used in a cartridge casing body molding operation wherein a leading end of the core pull preferably abuts against thebase 40 of the projectile 29. As seen inFIG. 7 , thebase 40 of the projectile may be flat or, as seen inFIG. 8 , contoured, such as by being concave. The base 40 may be contoured to any shape desired or necessary, such as concave, convex, a combination of concave or convex, have straight portions, or curved portions, depending upon factors such as the ballistic requirements of the projectile. - The projectile 29 is preferably attached to the
cartridge casing body 23 by one ormore attachment arrangements 41 directed to preventing axial movement of the projectile relative to the cartridge casing body prior to firing, such as during storage or shipment, and during accidents such as dropping of the ammunition article. Depending upon the type of ammunition article being manufactured, desirable characteristics of theattachment arrangement 41 may include the ability to provide sufficient bullet pull to permit creation of neither too much nor too little chamber pressure during firing of the projectile, ensuring uniform bullet pull from round to round, and avoiding causing portions of the cartridge casing body to break off when the ammunition article is fired.Suitable attachment arrangements 41 include a heat bond, an adhesive bond, and a weld, such as an ultrasonic weld, between theportion 31 of the projectile and thecartridge casing body 23. The attachment arrangement may be a mechanical attachment arrangement wherein portions of thecartridge casing body 23 and theportion 31 of the projectile 29 are caused to interconnect. The attachment arrangement may, of course, be nothing more than a metal to plastic bond between theportion 31 of the projectile 29 and thecartridge casing body 23 created during the molding operation. - A form of
attachment arrangement 41, seen in detail inFIG. 9A , includes aflange 41′ on thecartridge casing body 23 extending into arecess 43 in the projectile 29. Optimal dimensions for theflange 41′ will vary depending upon the specific type ofammunition article 21 to be made. When thecartridge casing body 23 is made of a modified ZYTEL resin, available from E.I. DuPont De Nemours Co., a modified 612 nylon resin, modified to increase elastic response, and the ammunition article is so-called A38 Special□type ammunition, a desirable dimension for anannular flange 41′ is 0.009″ thick by 0.020″ wide, i.e., therecess 43 is an annular recess in the projectile 29 that is about 0/009″ thick by 0.020″ wide. Theflange 41′ and therecess 43 are not limited to being annular, and can be any of a variety of shapes and sizes, such as pins and grooves, detents and detent receiving recesses, helixes, such as screw threads, or any other suitable mechanically interconnectable structure sufficient to retain the projectile 29 in position in thecartridge casing body 23. By proper selection of materials andflange 41′ andrecess 43 size, it is possible to design to a very exact degree features of theammunition article 21 such as bullet pull. As seen inFIGS. 9B and 9C , theflange 41′ need not be continuous around the entire circumference of the projectile, such as in the embodiment shown inFIG. 5 , but may be in the form of multiple, discontinuous or interrupted forms. The shape of theflange 41′ may be any suitable shape, such as a cone, a pyramid, a half-sphere, a half circular cylinder, a cube, or other geometrical form. - As seen in
FIG. 10 , theflange 41′, when provided, is preferably sized such that, and thecartridge casing body 23 is preferably made of a plastic material suitable for its specific intended application such that, upon firing of the projectile 29, theflange 41′ breaks off from the rest of thebody 23 and is carried off with the projectile, without also causing other portions of thebody 23 to break off. If desired or necessary,multiple flanges 41 and recesses 43 can be arranged along a length of thecartridge casing body 23 and theportion 31 of the projectile 29. It will be understood that anammunition article 21 with aflange 41′ is just one embodiment of the present invention, and that the flange may be omitted in favor of one or more alternative attachment arrangements, such as metal-plastic bonding from the molding operation, interference fit, heat bonding, adhesive, or ultrasonic welding, as seen inFIG. 11 . - The
ammunition article 21 preferably also includes a base 45 attached to thesecond end 27 of thecartridge casing body 23. One suitable material for thecartridge casing body 23 is a modified ZYTEL resin, available from E.I. DuPont De Nemours Co., a modified 612 nylon resin, modified to increase elastic response. In embodiments of the present invention wherein a molded cartridge casing body may be provided, a suitable cartridge casing body may also be made of a moldable material that forms part of the propellant pack, i.e., a moldable propellant, or otherwise is itself combustible or consumable by a propellant such as a powder ignition. The base 45 may be made of any suitable conventional material, for example, a metal material such as brass. According to one embodiment of the present invention, thebase 45 is made of a plastic material, and is preferably molded out of a long fiber reinforced nylon material to provide great stiffness, high compressive strength, and minimal cold flow, although other well known materials may be used for the base. As desired or necessary, the base may be a metal base, such as a brass base, or a plastic material base, a ceramic base, a composite base, a combination of plastic, composite, or ceramic, or may incorporate the composite reinforced ceramic technology disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/590,621, which is expressly incorporated by reference. If desired or necessary, thebase 45 and thecartridge casing body 23 can be made of the same material. For at least some applications, thecartridge casing body 23 is preferably somewhat more flexible than the base 45 to facilitate creation of a gas seal with the chamber, but fracture properties are preferably such as to facilitate breaking off of aflange 41′ (if provided) relatively cleanly from the rest of the cartridge casing body without causing other parts of the cartridge casing body to break off and follow the projectile 29 during firing. Preferably, thebase 45 is sufficiently sturdy to be reusable, even when it may be necessary to replace thecartridge casing body 23 after each use. - The
base 45 is attached to thecartridge casing body 23 by any suitable attachment arrangement, or combination of attachment arrangements. As seen inFIG. 12 , thebase 45 may be attached to thecartridge casing body 23 by asuitable attachment arrangement 47, such as by a mechanically interconnecting structure or otherwise.Suitable attachment arrangements 47 may include, for example, screw threads, a tongue and groove arrangement, flanges or pins and grooves, detent and detent receiving recesses, an interference fit, a heat bond, an adhesive, or an ultrasonic weld, or a combination of these attachment arrangements. - As seen in
FIG. 4B , theammunition article 21 preferably includes a propellant charge P inside thecartridge casing body 23. A variety of propellant charge types are well known and, for purposes of the present application and except where otherwise indicated, can be considered to broadly include all suitable types of charges, such as those that are conventionally thought of as propellant charges and those that are conventionally considered to be explosive charges, such as black powder charges or charges such as PYRODEX, a smokeless black powder substitute available from Hodgdon Powder Co., Inc., Shawnee Mission, Kans. Depending upon the type ofammunition article 21, the ammunition article may include some means for igniting the propellant, such as a primer 49 (FIG. 4B ) for igniting the propellant, or anelectronic ignition 49′ for igniting the propellant (shown schematically inFIG. 4A ), or means for igniting the propellant may be partially or completely external to the ammunition article. - As seen in
FIG. 13A , thecartridge casing body 23 is preferably made by molding plastic around at least theportion 31 of the projectile 29 to form the plastic cartridge casing body having thefirst end 25 to which the projectile is attached and asecond end 27. Numerous plastic molding techniques are well known and are suitable for use in connection with the present application. The plastic is preferably molded around a core pull 51 such that the core pull and theportion 31 of the projectile 29 define theinterior volume 33 of the plasticcartridge casing body 23. A leadingend 52 of the core pull 51 preferably abuts against thebase 40 of the projectile 29. After molding, the core pull 51 is removed from the plasticcartridge casing body 23. Preferably, the core pull 51 has a smaller diameter than theportion 31 of the projectile such that theinterior volume 33 of thecartridge casing body 23 includes the firstinterior portion 35 defined by the portion of the projectile and a secondinterior portion 37 having a smaller diameter than the first interior portion and being separated from the first interior portion by theshoulder 39. Theshoulder 39 is preferably of sufficient size to prevent axial movement of the projectile 29 into the secondinterior portion 37. - If desired or necessary, one or more attachment arrangements above and beyond the metal-plastic bond developed upon molding the plastic of the plastic
cartridge casing body 23 around theportion 31 of the projectile 29 may be provided. Theattachment arrangement 41 can be provided by, for example, heat bonding the projectile to the cartridge casing body, by adhesive bonding of the projectile to the cartridge casing body, or ultrasonic welding of the cartridge casing body to the projectile. The attachment arrangement may be provided by providing one ormore recesses 43 in theportion 31 of the projectile 29 such that, when the plastic is molded around the portion of the projectile, the plastic enters the recesses and forms what is referred to herein as aflange 41′ on thecartridge casing body 23, theflange 41′ extending into the recess. - As seen in
FIGS. 13A and 13B , the molding operation is preferably performed in a mold 53 (showing a half mold and not showing another half of the mold which is preferably symmetrical to the illustrated half mold). Themold 53 preferably includes acavity 55 in which the core pull 51 is axially movable to a position in which the leading end of the core pull preferably abuts against thebase 40 of the projectile 29. As seen inFIG. 13A , afront end 57 of the projectile 29 is preferably positioned against amold element 59 corresponding in shape to the front end of the projectile, and which ensures proper axial positioning of the projectile relative to walls of thecavity 55. Themold element 59 may be integral with themold 53, or may be a separate part that may be movable, as desired or necessary. An alternative form ofmold 53″ is shown inFIG. 13C , wherein a stationary ormovable element 59″ is substituted for themold element 59, and receives a front end of the projectile for axial positioning of the projectile 29, and separable mold halves close around a rear portion of the projectile to define, with the projectile and a pull 51, walls of acavity 55″ in which a plastic cartridge casing body is to be formed. - Another form of
mold 53′ is shown inFIGS. 14A and 14B and, instead of two identical or similar mold halves, such as are used in the embodiment of the method shown inFIGS. 13A and 13B , as seen inFIG. 14A , themold 53′ preferably includes an end 53 a having aportion 59′ in which thefront end 57 of the projectile 29 is received and which positions the projectile relative towalls 55′ of anotherend 53 b of the mold in which a core pull 51′ is provided. The core pull 51′ is preferably axially movable relative to theend 53 b. If desired or necessary, themold end 53 b may include two separable halves to facilitate removal of thecartridge casing body 23 and the projectile 29 after forming. - Regardless of the mold type used, and as discussed with reference to
FIG. 13A , plastic is provided to thecavity 55 to fill voids between the walls of thecavity 55 and the walls of theportion 31 of the projectile, including any exposed portions of thebase 40 of the projectile, and the core pull 51 to form thecartridge casing body 23. If one ormore recesses 43 are provided in the projectile 29, correspondingflanges 41′ are formed when the plastic fills the recesses.Attachment arrangements 41 such as heat bonds, adhesive bonds, and ultrasonic welds may be provided while the projectile 29 and thecartridge casing body 23 reside in thecavity 55, or after removal of the cartridge casing body and the projectile from the cavity, as desired or necessary. Techniques for providingattachment arrangements 41 are well known and will not be further described here. When thecartridge casing body 23 is molded, the core pull 51 is axially drawn from the secondinterior portion 37 of the cartridge casing body. - As seen in
FIG. 15 , the propellant charge P, such as gunpowder or other propellant, is preferably provided inside of thecartridge casing body 23, generally in the secondinterior portion 37 of the cartridge casing body, and thebase 45 is preferably attached to thesecond end 27 of the cartridge casing body, preferably following removal of the cartridge casing body and the projectile 29 from themold 53. If provided, an ignition device such as a primer (FIG. 4B ) or an electronic ignition (FIG. 4A ) is also provided, or, depending upon the nature of the ignition device, partially provided. If desired or necessary, it is, of course, possible to construct a mold and core arrangement to permit providing the charge P and attachment of thebase 45 and primer while thecartridge casing body 23 and the projectile 29 continue to reside in themold 53. - The base 45 may be a metal, such as brass, base, or may be plastic, composite, ceramic, or a combination of materials. A plastic or
composite base 45 is preferably molded separately from the molding operation in which thecartridge casing body 23 is molded, before attachment to the cartridge casing body. The base 45 may be attached to thecartridge casing body 23 by any suitable attachment arrangement technique, such as through a mechanical attachment wherein interconnecting components of the base and the cartridge casing body are fitted together, or by any other suitable technique or combination of techniques. The base 45 may, for example, be attached to thecartridge casing body 23 by an attachment arrangement involving the screwing together of threads on the base with threads on the cartridge casing body. The base 45 may be attached to thecartridge casing body 23 by an attachment arrangement technique involving connecting a tongue and groove arrangement between attachable portions of the base and the cartridge casing body. The base 45 may be attached to thecartridge casing body 23 by an attachment arrangement technique involving forming an interference fit between the cartridge casing body and the base. The base 45 may be attached to thecartridge casing body 23 by an attachment arrangement technique involving adhesive joining. The base 45 may be attached to thecartridge casing body 23 by an attachment arrangement technique involving heat bonding. The base 45 may be attached to thecartridge casing body 23 by an attachment arrangement technique involving ultrasonic welding. - Another embodiment of an
ammunition article 121 according to the present invention is shown in an exploded view inFIG. 16 but, when assembled, can appear substantially the same as theammunition article 21 illustrated inFIGS. 1-3 . As seen inFIG. 17 , theammunition article 121 includes acartridge casing body 123 having afirst end 125 and asecond end 127. A projectile 129 is attached to thefirst end 125 of thecartridge casing body 123. Abase 131, seen inFIGS. 18A-19 , is preferably formed as a single piece of molded plastic, or from a ceramic, a composite, or a combination of plastic, composite, or ceramic, such as, for example, by starting with a ceramic liner 131 l and molding a composite orplastic material 131 m over the ceramic liner, as seen inFIG. 18B . The base 131 may also incorporate the composite reinforced ceramic technology disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/590,621, which is hereby expressly incorporated by reference. As seen inFIG. 17 , thebase 131 is attached to the second end of the cartridge casing body. In this embodiment, thecartridge casing body 123 may be a plastic cartridge casing body, such as the plastic cartridge casing body described in connection withFIGS. 1-15 , or a metallic cartridge casing body, such as a brass body in which a projectile is installed, as seen inFIG. 20 , or which is for a blank cartridge, or a suitable ceramic, composite, or other desired material. Thecartridge casing body 123 may also be made of a moldable material that forms part of the propellant pack, i.e., a moldable propellant, or otherwise is itself combustible or consumable by a propellant such as a powder ignition. - A propellant charge is preferably provided inside the
cartridge casing body 123 and, as seen inFIG. 17 , a device for igniting the propellant, such as aprimer 133 or an electronic ignition may be provided, or partially provided, for igniting the propellant. Although thebase 131 is a plastic base, the base is preferably made of a sufficiently sturdy material to be reusable although thecartridge casing body 123 may be replaceable. Thebase 131 is attached to thecartridge casing body 123 by anysuitable attachment arrangement 135. Theattachment arrangement 135 may, for example, be a mechanical attachment arrangement wherein portions of thebase 131 and thecartridge casing body 123 interconnect with each other.Suitable attachment arrangements 135 include screw thread arrangements wherein thebase 131 is attached to thecartridge casing body 123 by screw threads, tongue and groove arrangements, an interference fit the cartridge casing body, adhesive, a heat bond, and an ultrasonic weld. - The
ammunition article 121 is preferably made according to a method as seen inFIG. 21 wherein plastic is molded in amold 137 around one ormore cores 139 to form the single piece, moldedplastic base 131. Themold 137 may have two, substantially symmetrical halves, as seen inFIG. 21 , that separate in a direction transverse to a longitudinal axis of thebase 131, the mold may have two parts that separate in a direction of a longitudinal axis of the base, or the mold may have a single component, with thecore 139 closing an end of the single component mold and one or both of the core and the single component mold being movable to permit removal of the base. If desired or necessary, the cartridge casing body or an ignition device or some component of an ammunition article may form part or all of a core around which thebase 131 is molded. As seen inFIGS. 16 and 17 , preferably after molding, thebase 131 is attached to thesecond end 127 of thecartridge casing body 123 using asuitable attachment arrangement 135. Thecartridge casing body 123 may be a molded plastic cartridge casing body, such as the body described with reference toFIGS. 1-15 , which is preferably formed in a separate operation from the molding of thebase 131, or a metallic cartridge casing body, such as the body shown inFIG. 20 . Preferably, before attachment of thebase 131 and thecartridge casing body 123, a propellant is provided in the cartridge casing body. A device for igniting the propellant may be provided or partially provided, such as aprimer 133 or an electronic ignition, and may be attached or partially attached to the base 131 depending upon the nature of the device. - Another embodiment of an
ammunition article 221 according to the present invention is shown inFIG. 22 . Theammunition article 221 is particularly well-suited for use as a blank cartridge. Theammunition article 221 includes a molded plasticcartridge case body 223 having a closedfront end 225 and asecond end 227. Although theammunition article 221 is illustrated as having a convexfront end 225, it will be appreciated that the front end can be any shape desired or necessary, such as flat, convex, or whatever shape yields desired characteristics. - As seen in
FIG. 23 , theammunition article 221 is preferably molded in amold 229 around acore pull 231. The core pull 231 and themold 229 are preferably shaped such that the closedfront end 225 preferably includes walls that reduce in thickness toward anaxial center 233 of the closed front end to facilitate causing the ammunition article to break at the tip and minimize the potential for portions of the wall becoming projectiles. Moreover, the closedfront end 225 preferably includes at least one, preferably a plurality of stress concentrators 235 for causing preferential tearing of the closed front end at the stress concentrators such that, upon firing, the front end will tend to split open at the axial tip at thecenter 233 and permit expansion of a charge, preferably a charge consisting of an explosive charge, such as black powder or PYRODEX, a smokeless black powder substitute available from Hodgdon Powder Co., Inc., Shawnee Mission, Kans. If desired or necessary, another propellant charge may be used. - As seen in
FIG. 24-26 , the core pull 231 preferably has raisedportions 237 for forming the stress concentrators 235. The raisedportions 237 are preferably in the form of intersecting lines that intersect at thetip 239 of the core pull 231 such that the resulting shape of the stress concentrators 235 on the interior wall of thefront portion 225 of thecartridge casing body 223 will be such that the cartridge casing body will split open along the stress concentrators at thecenter 233 and along the length of the stress concentrators, reducing the possibility of portions of the cartridge casing body becoming projectiles upon expansion of a powder charge. If desired or necessary, stress concentrators can be provided on an exterior surface of thecartridge casing body 223 in addition to or instead of the stress concentrators 235 on the interior surface of thefront portion 225, preferably by providing appropriately shaped raised portions on themold 229. - As with the
cartridge casing body 23, a base 241 (shown in phantom inFIG. 22 ) like the base 45 is preferably attached to thecartridge casing body 223 by one or more of the same attachment arrangements, and a propellant (not shown) and a powder charge ignition device (not shown) are preferably also provided. The base may be a reusable base, and thecartridge casing body 223 is preferably replaceable on the base. - As seen in
FIGS. 23 and 27 , thecartridge casing body 223 is preferably formed by molding plastic around the core pull 231 to form the molded plasticcartridge case body 223 having a closedfront end 225 and asecond end 227. The core pull 231 is removed from thecartridge casing body 223 after the plastic is molded around the core pull. Themold 229 is preferably a two-piece mold (one piece of which is shown inFIG. 23 ) that separates along a plane extending through a longitudinal axis of the cartridge casing body, and at least one of the mold and the core pull 231 is movable relative to the other such that the core pull can be removed along the longitudinal axis of the cartridge casing body. - Yet another embodiment of an
ammunition article 321 is shown in an exploded view inFIG. 28 . Theammunition article 321 includes a molded plasticcartridge case body 323. Thecartridge case body 323 includes aweb 325 dividing an internal volume of the body to define alower cavity 327 for receiving a propellant and anupper cavity 329 for receiving a projectile 331. Theweb 325 includes an upwardly extending prong 333 for being received in acorresponding recess 335 in abase 337 of the projectile 331 to fasten thecartridge casing body 323 to the projectile. The prong 333 may be attached in therecess 335 by any suitable attachment arrangement and attachment technique, such as by an interference fit, by interlocking structures on the prong and the recess, by an adhesive, by heat bonding, and by ultrasonic welding. Thecartridge casing body 323 may, of course, be molded around the projectile 331 in a manner similar to the manner in which thecartridge casing body 23 is molded around the projectile 29, except that a core pull would not extend all the way to a base of the projectile. The prong 333 may be formed by causing plastic to enter the recess 333 during the molding operation. - Alternatively, the
cartridge casing body 323 may be formed in a separate molding operation and thereafter attached to the projectile 331 such that the prong 333 is caused to enter therecess 335. A base (not shown) may be attached by a suitable attachment arrangement in the same way that thebase 45 is attached to thecartridge casing body 23, and a propellant charge (not shown) and a propellant ignition device (not shown) may be provided in the same was as with theammunition article 21. U.S. Pat. No. 5,033,386 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,151,555 disclose plastic cartridge cases having a web extending across a body of the cartridge cases and are hereby expressly incorporated by reference. -
FIG. 29 discloses yet another embodiment of anammunition article 321′ including a plasticcartridge casing body 323′. Thebody 323′ is molded to conform with abottom end 325′ of the projectile in which arecess 327′ is provided such that aprotrusion 329′ is molded in the recess and, preferably, the walls of the body do not extend up the sides of the projectile. This embodiment of theammunition article 321′ facilitates use of a combustiblecartridge casing body 323′, such as where the cartridge casing body itself forms part of the propellant pack. Where thecartridge casing body 323′ is intended to be part of the propellant pack, the base is preferably adapted to expand during firing to form a gas seal. As desired or necessary, the base may be a metal base, such as a brass base, or a plastic material base, a ceramic base, a composite base, a combination of plastic, composite, or ceramic, or may incorporate the composite reinforced ceramic technology disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/590,621, which is expressly incorporated by reference. - Yet another embodiment of an
ammunition article 421 according to the present invention comprises a projectile 423 havingcannelure contours 425 and a moldedcartridge casing body 427 molded around at least a portion of the projectile such that aportion 429 of awall 431 of the cartridge casing body follows the cannelure contours of the projectile. Theportion 429 of thewall 431 preferably has a substantially constant thickness such that, where the projectile is recessed, the portion of the wall is also recessed. - The foregoing embodiments of the present invention are all believed to be useful for use with all types of cartridges or blanks, regardless of shape. For example, in all of the embodiments, the cartridge casing body may be, for example, cylindrical, bottle-shaped, or have other suitable shapes as desired or necessary.
- While this invention has been illustrated and described in accordance with a preferred embodiment, it is recognized that variations and changes may be made therein without departing from the invention as set forth in the claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (12)
1. A cartridge casing body for an ammunition article, the cartridge casing body comprising:
a first end and a second end;
an attachment device at the first end of the cartridge casing body, the attachment device being adapted to secure a projectile to the first end of the cartridge casing body, wherein the attachment device is selected from the group consisting of a heat bond, an adhesive, an ultrasonic weld, and at least one flange;
a base at the second end of the cartridge casing body; and
an internal volume divided into a lower cavity for holding a propellant and an upper cavity for receiving the projectile;
wherein the base and the cartridge casing body are made from plastic, ceramic, or a composite material and wherein only a portion of the projectile is within the cartridge casing body.
2. The cartridge casing body of claim 1 , wherein the base is made from plastic, wherein the attachment device is at least one flange, the flange extending from the cartridge casing body into the projectile.
3. The cartridge casing body of claim 1 , wherein the base is made from ceramic, wherein the attachment device is at least one flange, the flange extending from the cartridge casing body into the projectile.
4. The cartridge casing body of claim 1 , wherein the base is made from a composite material, wherein the attachment device is at least one flange, the flange extending from the cartridge casing body into the projectile.
5. The cartridge casing body of claim 1 , wherein the base and the cartridge casing body are made of the same material, wherein the attachment device is at least one flange, the flange extending from the cartridge casing body into the projectile.
6. An ammunition article, comprising:
a cartridge casing body having a first end and a second end;
an attachment device at the first end of the cartridge casing body;
a projectile secured to the first end of the cartridge casing body with the attachment device such that only a portion of the projectile is within the cartridge casing body, wherein the attachment device is selected from the group consisting of a heat bond, an adhesive, an ultrasonic weld, and at least one flange;
the cartridge casing body further comprising an internal volume for holding a propellant;
a propellant in the internal volume; and
a base at the second end of the cartridge casing body;
wherein the base and the cartridge casing body are made from plastic, ceramic, or a composite material.
7. The ammunition article of claim 6 , wherein the base is made from plastic, wherein the attachment device is at least one flange, the flange extending from the cartridge casing body into the projectile.
8. The ammunition article of claim 6 , wherein the base is made from ceramic, wherein the attachment device is at least one flange, the flange extending from the cartridge casing body into the projectile.
9. The ammunition article of claim 6 , wherein the base is made from a composite material, wherein the attachment device is at least one flange, the flange extending from the cartridge casing body into the projectile.
10. The ammunition article of claim 6 , wherein the base and the casing body are made of the same material, wherein the attachment device is at least one flange, the flange extending from the cartridge casing body into the projectile.
11. The cartridge casing body of claim 1 , wherein the attachment device is at least one flange, the flange extending from the cartridge casing body into the projectile, the flange being received by a recess in the projectile.
12. The ammunition article of claim 6 , wherein the attachment device is at least one flange, the flange extending from the cartridge casing body into the projectile, the flange being received by a recess in the projectile.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US12/186,174 US20090044717A1 (en) | 1999-01-15 | 2008-08-05 | base for a cartridge casing body for an ammunition article, a cartridge casing body and an ammunition article having such base, wherein the base is made from plastic, ceramic, or a composite material |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11623299P | 1999-01-15 | 1999-01-15 | |
US09/265,946 US6752084B1 (en) | 1999-01-15 | 1999-03-11 | Ammunition articles with plastic components and method of making ammunition articles with plastic components |
US09/832,020 US6845716B2 (en) | 1999-01-15 | 2001-04-11 | Ammunition articles with plastic components and method of making ammunition articles with plastic components |
US10/912,162 US20050188883A1 (en) | 1999-01-15 | 2004-08-06 | Ammunition articles with plastic components and method of making ammunition articles with plastic components |
US11/160,682 US7441504B2 (en) | 1999-01-15 | 2005-07-05 | Base for a cartridge casing body for an ammunition article, a cartridge casing body and an ammunition article having such base, wherein the base is made from plastic, ceramic, or a composite material |
US12/186,174 US20090044717A1 (en) | 1999-01-15 | 2008-08-05 | base for a cartridge casing body for an ammunition article, a cartridge casing body and an ammunition article having such base, wherein the base is made from plastic, ceramic, or a composite material |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US11/160,682 Division US7441504B2 (en) | 1999-01-15 | 2005-07-05 | Base for a cartridge casing body for an ammunition article, a cartridge casing body and an ammunition article having such base, wherein the base is made from plastic, ceramic, or a composite material |
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US20090044717A1 true US20090044717A1 (en) | 2009-02-19 |
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US11/160,682 Expired - Fee Related US7441504B2 (en) | 1999-01-15 | 2005-07-05 | Base for a cartridge casing body for an ammunition article, a cartridge casing body and an ammunition article having such base, wherein the base is made from plastic, ceramic, or a composite material |
US12/186,174 Abandoned US20090044717A1 (en) | 1999-01-15 | 2008-08-05 | base for a cartridge casing body for an ammunition article, a cartridge casing body and an ammunition article having such base, wherein the base is made from plastic, ceramic, or a composite material |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US11/160,682 Expired - Fee Related US7441504B2 (en) | 1999-01-15 | 2005-07-05 | Base for a cartridge casing body for an ammunition article, a cartridge casing body and an ammunition article having such base, wherein the base is made from plastic, ceramic, or a composite material |
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US (2) | US7441504B2 (en) |
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US9995561B2 (en) | 2011-01-14 | 2018-06-12 | Pcp Tactical, Llc | Narrowing high strength polymer-based cartridge for blank and subsonic ammunition |
US8443730B2 (en) | 2011-01-14 | 2013-05-21 | Pcp Tactical, Llc | High strength polymer-based cartridge casing and manufacturing method |
US8763535B2 (en) | 2011-01-14 | 2014-07-01 | Pcp Tactical, Llc | Narrowing high strength polymer-based cartridge casing for blank and subsonic ammunition |
US9372054B2 (en) | 2011-01-14 | 2016-06-21 | Pcp Tactical, Llc | Narrowing high strength polymer-based cartridge casing for blank and subsonic ammunition |
US9347752B2 (en) * | 2011-05-24 | 2016-05-24 | Mbda France | Connecting element for a body made of composite material of a piercing projectile |
US20140150682A1 (en) * | 2011-05-24 | 2014-06-05 | Mbda France | Connecting element for a body made of composite material of a piercing projectile |
USD765214S1 (en) | 2012-01-13 | 2016-08-30 | Pcp Tactical, Llc | Radiused insert |
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US9200880B1 (en) | 2012-03-09 | 2015-12-01 | Carolina PCA, LLC | Subsonic ammunication articles having a rigid outer casing or rigid inner core and methods for making the same |
US9032855B1 (en) * | 2012-03-09 | 2015-05-19 | Carolina PCA, LLC | Ammunition articles and methods for making the same |
US10907943B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2021-02-02 | Cybernet Systems Corp. | Integrated polymer and metal case ammunition manufacturing system and method |
US11400283B2 (en) | 2017-07-28 | 2022-08-02 | Scandinavian Chemotech Ab | Pulse generating device for delivery of electrical pulses to a desired tissue of a mammal |
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Also Published As
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US20050257712A1 (en) | 2005-11-24 |
US7441504B2 (en) | 2008-10-28 |
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