US20090156751A1 - Aromatic Organosulfur Functionalized 1,4-cis Polybutadiene - Google Patents
Aromatic Organosulfur Functionalized 1,4-cis Polybutadiene Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20090156751A1 US20090156751A1 US12/254,505 US25450508A US2009156751A1 US 20090156751 A1 US20090156751 A1 US 20090156751A1 US 25450508 A US25450508 A US 25450508A US 2009156751 A1 US2009156751 A1 US 2009156751A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- compound
- weight
- set forth
- polybutadiene
- preparation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- -1 aromatic organosulfur compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000012454 non-polar solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- LLMLGZUZTFMXSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4,5,6-pentachlorobenzenethiol Chemical compound SC1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1Cl LLMLGZUZTFMXSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000003623 transition metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- YXIWHUQXZSMYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(S)=NC2=C1 YXIWHUQXZSMYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen disulfide Chemical compound SS BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000172 C5-C10 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1 YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000008 (C1-C10) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- UVAMFBJPMUMURT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzenethiol Chemical compound FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(S)C(F)=C1F UVAMFBJPMUMURT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- RQRZJGHZAPYDCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorobenzenethiol Chemical compound SC1=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1Cl RQRZJGHZAPYDCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- NDKJATAIMQKTPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethylbenzenethiol Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(S)=C1C NDKJATAIMQKTPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- YIBQIDJXQWSNPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ClC=1C(=C(S(C1)(Cl)(Cl)Cl)OCC1CO1)Cl Chemical compound ClC=1C(=C(S(C1)(Cl)(Cl)Cl)OCC1CO1)Cl YIBQIDJXQWSNPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- JTLJMUUSSGBBQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N FC=1C(=C(S(C1)(F)(F)F)OCC1CO1)F Chemical compound FC=1C(=C(S(C1)(F)(F)F)OCC1CO1)F JTLJMUUSSGBBQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- UTLUYJULFYZZTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4,5,6-pentabromobenzenethiol Chemical compound SC1=C(Br)C(Br)=C(Br)C(Br)=C1Br UTLUYJULFYZZTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LGHBUCIVKPTXER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4,5,6-pentaiodobenzenethiol Chemical compound SC1=C(I)C(I)=C(I)C(I)=C1I LGHBUCIVKPTXER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- YILIWRGPGBLGAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4-tribromobenzenethiol Chemical compound SC1=CC=C(Br)C(Br)=C1Br YILIWRGPGBLGAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PJFUHFZHSSLCTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4-trichlorobenzenethiol Chemical compound SC1=CC=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1Cl PJFUHFZHSSLCTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NAABYLMZBUEJAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4-trifluorobenzenethiol Chemical compound FC1=CC=C(S)C(F)=C1F NAABYLMZBUEJAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NQPQDEPVFYQVMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dibromobenzenethiol Chemical compound SC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1Br NQPQDEPVFYQVMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QGRKONUHHGBHRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dichlorobenzenethiol Chemical compound SC1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1Cl QGRKONUHHGBHRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QYTSIBBNZWTHMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-difluorobenzenethiol Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(S)=C1F QYTSIBBNZWTHMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BJLCKFPMNFVMFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-diiodobenzenethiol Chemical compound SC1=CC=CC(I)=C1I BJLCKFPMNFVMFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- YUQUNWNSQDULTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromobenzenethiol Chemical compound SC1=CC=CC=C1Br YUQUNWNSQDULTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PWOBDMNCYMQTCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chlorobenzenethiol Chemical compound SC1=CC=CC=C1Cl PWOBDMNCYMQTCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WJTZZPVVTSDNJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-fluorobenzenethiol Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC=C1S WJTZZPVVTSDNJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QZOCQWGVJOPBDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-iodobenzenethiol Chemical compound SC1=CC=CC=C1I QZOCQWGVJOPBDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- MSSNSTXFTUNKQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4,5,6-tetrachlorobenzene-1,2-dithiol Chemical compound SC1=C(S)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1Cl MSSNSTXFTUNKQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclopentane Chemical compound C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IIEWJVIFRVWJOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylcyclohexane Chemical compound CCC1CCCCC1 IIEWJVIFRVWJOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopentane Chemical compound CCC(C)C QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1CCCCC1 UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GDOPTJXRTPNYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylcyclopentane Chemical compound CC1CCCC1 GDOPTJXRTPNYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VOITXYVAKOUIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylaluminium Chemical compound CC[Al](CC)CC VOITXYVAKOUIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ONSIBMFFLJKTPT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;2,3,4,5,6-pentachlorobenzenethiolate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[S-]C1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1Cl.[S-]C1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1Cl ONSIBMFFLJKTPT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- SIPUZPBQZHNSDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-methylpropyl)aluminum Chemical compound CC(C)C[Al]CC(C)C SIPUZPBQZHNSDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- YNLAOSYQHBDIKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M diethylaluminium chloride Chemical compound CC[Al](Cl)CC YNLAOSYQHBDIKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005609 naphthenate group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005474 octanoate group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- RRFMVIYCHQJIAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridin-2-yl thiohypobromite Chemical compound BrSC1=CC=CC=N1 RRFMVIYCHQJIAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- LPSGLVVLTUUMIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridin-2-yl thiohypochlorite Chemical compound ClSC1=CC=CC=N1 LPSGLVVLTUUMIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QIZAOPJLNRFBML-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridin-2-yl thiohypoiodite Chemical compound ISC1=CC=CC=N1 QIZAOPJLNRFBML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- MCULRUJILOGHCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triisobutylaluminium Chemical compound CC(C)C[Al](CC(C)C)CC(C)C MCULRUJILOGHCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isooctane Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)(C)C NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl butane Natural products CCCC(C)C AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl-hexane Natural products CCCCCC(C)C JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptamethylene Natural products C1CCCCCC1 DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-cycloheptane Natural products CC1CCCCCC1 GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical group CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- SQBBHCOIQXKPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylalumane Chemical compound CCCC[Al](CCCC)CCCC SQBBHCOIQXKPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ORYGRKHDLWYTKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trihexylalumane Chemical compound CCCCCC[Al](CCCCCC)CCCCCC ORYGRKHDLWYTKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylaluminium Chemical compound C[Al](C)C JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CNWZYDSEVLFSMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropylalumane Chemical compound CCC[Al](CCC)CCC CNWZYDSEVLFSMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 46
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 23
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 21
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 17
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 14
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 13
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 7
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 101000620897 Homo sapiens Phosphatidylcholine transfer protein Proteins 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 102100022906 Phosphatidylcholine transfer protein Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 6
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 6
- WZXXZHONLFRKGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorothiophene Chemical compound ClC=1SC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=1Cl WZXXZHONLFRKGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 101710157927 Translationally-controlled tumor protein Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 102100029887 Translationally-controlled tumor protein Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 101710175870 Translationally-controlled tumor protein homolog Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylhydroxytoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butyllithium Chemical compound [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011954 Ziegler–Natta catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- UVPKUTPZWFHAHY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 2-ethylhexanoate;nickel(2+) Chemical compound [Ni+2].CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O.CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O UVPKUTPZWFHAHY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 0 C=CC(C/C=C/CC(=O)N[1*]NC(=O)S[Ar])CC(CC/C=C\CC)CCS[Ar].C=CC(C/C=C/CC)CC(CC/C=C\CC)CCS[Ar] Chemical compound C=CC(C/C=C/CC(=O)N[1*]NC(=O)S[Ar])CC(CC/C=C\CC)CCS[Ar].C=CC(C/C=C/CC)CC(CC/C=C\CC)CCS[Ar] 0.000 description 3
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- 238000007479 molecular analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- LSVXAQMPXJUTBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4,5-pentachloro-6-[(2,3,4,5,6-pentachlorophenyl)disulfanyl]benzene Chemical compound ClC1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1SSC1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1Cl LSVXAQMPXJUTBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SDJHPPZKZZWAKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethylbuta-1,3-diene Chemical compound CC(=C)C(C)=C SDJHPPZKZZWAKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XMNIXWIUMCBBBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-phenylpropan-2-ylperoxy)propan-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XMNIXWIUMCBBBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical group [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical group [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- UAHWPYUMFXYFJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-myrcene Chemical compound CC(C)=CCCC(=C)C=C UAHWPYUMFXYFJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron trifluoride Chemical compound FB(F)F WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXJJSXABGXMUSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N disulfur dichloride Chemical compound ClSSCl PXJJSXABGXMUSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002366 halogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- CPOFMOWDMVWCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl(oxo)alumane Chemical compound C[Al]=O CPOFMOWDMVWCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- FAIAAWCVCHQXDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus trichloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)Cl FAIAAWCVCHQXDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- QEQBMZQFDDDTPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy benzenecarboperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 QEQBMZQFDDDTPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- LGXISKQYIKXYTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4,5-pentabromo-6-[(2,3,4,5,6-pentabromophenyl)disulfanyl]benzene Chemical compound BrC1=C(Br)C(Br)=C(Br)C(Br)=C1SSC1=C(Br)C(Br)=C(Br)C(Br)=C1Br LGXISKQYIKXYTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DVDJHJDHPBSYTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4,5-pentafluoro-6-[(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)disulfanyl]benzene Chemical compound FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1SSC1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1F DVDJHJDHPBSYTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- OYYGJYSLKSTUFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4-tetrabromo-5-[(2,3,4,5-tetrabromophenyl)disulfanyl]benzene Chemical compound BrC1=C(Br)C(Br)=CC(SSC=2C(=C(Br)C(Br)=C(Br)C=2)Br)=C1Br OYYGJYSLKSTUFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- LXVBPLSCYANPQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-bromo-2-[(5-bromo-2-chlorophenyl)disulfanyl]-1-chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(Br)C=C1SSC1=CC(Br)=CC=C1Cl LXVBPLSCYANPQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- VYBREYKSZAROCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-myrcene Natural products CC(=C)CCCC(=C)C=C VYBREYKSZAROCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- CJCIBGLQXVDTAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2,3,4,5,6-pentachlorophenyl)phosphane hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.ClC1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1PC1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1Cl CJCIBGLQXVDTAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CRDJTBOGTABIOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)phosphane;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1PC1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1F CRDJTBOGTABIOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- UIEKYBOPAVTZKW-UHFFFAOYSA-L naphthalene-2-carboxylate;nickel(2+) Chemical compound [Ni+2].C1=CC=CC2=CC(C(=O)[O-])=CC=C21.C1=CC=CC2=CC(C(=O)[O-])=CC=C21 UIEKYBOPAVTZKW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ARWCRSVRKCNEDI-UHFFFAOYSA-K neodymium(3+);octanoate Chemical compound [Nd+3].CCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCC([O-])=O ARWCRSVRKCNEDI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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- SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SSDSCDGVMJFTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyl 3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 SSDSCDGVMJFTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- YYWLHHUMIIIZDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N s-benzoylsulfanyl benzenecarbothioate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)SSC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 YYWLHHUMIIIZDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F36/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08C—TREATMENT OR CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF RUBBERS
- C08C19/00—Chemical modification of rubber
- C08C19/30—Addition of a reagent which reacts with a hetero atom or a group containing hetero atoms of the macromolecule
- C08C19/42—Addition of a reagent which reacts with a hetero atom or a group containing hetero atoms of the macromolecule reacting with metals or metal-containing groups
- C08C19/44—Addition of a reagent which reacts with a hetero atom or a group containing hetero atoms of the macromolecule reacting with metals or metal-containing groups of polymers containing metal atoms exclusively at one or both ends of the skeleton
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08C—TREATMENT OR CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF RUBBERS
- C08C19/00—Chemical modification of rubber
- C08C19/20—Incorporating sulfur atoms into the molecule
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08C—TREATMENT OR CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF RUBBERS
- C08C19/00—Chemical modification of rubber
- C08C19/22—Incorporating nitrogen atoms into the molecule
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F36/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds
- C08F36/02—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds
- C08F36/04—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds conjugated
- C08F36/06—Butadiene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/34—Introducing sulfur atoms or sulfur-containing groups
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a preparation of 1,4-cis polybutadiene chemically functionalized by an aromatic organosulfur compound molecule. More specifically, the organosulfur functionalized 1,4-cis polybutadiene is obtained by first preparing 1,4-cis polybutadiene using a specific catalyst and reacting the resultant polybutadiene polymer with an aromatic organosulfur compound alone or with an aromatic organosulfur compound and an isocyanate compound to form a chemical bond.
- the aromatic organosulfur functionalized 1,4-cis polybutadiene has narrow molecular weight distribution and is without an ultrahigh molecular weight region. Therefore, it has a uniform crosslinking density and, when used for a rubber composition, it improves blending processability, elasticity and mechanical properties.
- 1,4-cis polybutadiene using a rare earth element are disclosed in European Patent Nos. 11,184 B1 and 652,240 and U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,260,707 and 5,017,539.
- 1,4-cis polybutadiene is prepared in the presence of a nonpolar solvent by adding a neodymium carboxylate compound, an alkylaluminum compound and a Lewis acid.
- Examples of modifying the terminal groups of polybutadiene, such as epoxy, siloxane, isocyanate, etc., utilizing the living property of neodymium catalyst include WO 02/36615, European Patent Nos. 713 885 and 267 675 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,624,256.
- European Patent No. 386 808 B1 a catalyst comprising a neodymium carboxylate compound, an alkylaluminum compound and a halogen containing compound is utilized to polymerize 1,4-cis polybutadiene in a nonpolar solvent.
- a trichlorophosphine compound (PCl 3 ) is added to improve processability by reducing low-temperature flowability.
- Mooney viscosity increases remarkably, depending on the amount of PCl 3 .
- Polybutadiene prepared using a catalyst comprising a rare earth metal such as neodymium has superior physical properties because of its linear molecular structure. However, it has a storage problem because of cold flow.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,557,784 presents a method for controlling cold flow.
- 1,4-cis polybutadiene is prepared in a nonpolar solvent using a catalyst comprising a neodymium carboxylate compound, an alkylaluminum compound and a halogen containing compound. Then, after stopping the reaction using a reaction terminator and an antioxidant, sulfur chloride is added after removing unreacted 1,3-butadiene in order to reduce the odor caused by the addition of sulfur chloride.
- U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,013,746 and 6,562,917 disclose a method for preparing 1,4-cis-polybutadiene in a nonpolar solvent using a catalyst comprising (1) a nickel carboxylate compound, (2) a fluorine compound and (3) an alkylaluminum compound.
- U.S. Pat. No. 3,725,492 discloses a method of preparing 1,4-cis-polybutadiene having a very small molecular weight from polymerization of 1,3-butadiene using a catalyst comprising a nickel compound, a halogen compound and an organoaluminum compound.
- a catalyst comprising a nickel compound, a halogen compound and an organoaluminum compound.
- nickel carboxylate a polymerization terminator comprising an inorganic base and an amine compound or carboxylic acid is used to prevent gel-formation during polymerization of butadiene using a catalyst comprising a fluoroboron compound and an organometal compound of alkali metal.
- Preparation of polybutadiene with high 1,4-cis content using cobalt carboxylate for example, using a catalyst comprising (1) a cobalt carboxylate compound and (2) an alkylaluminum compound, in a nonpolar solvent is disclosed in the followings.
- U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,182,814, 5,397,851, 5,733,835 and 5,905,125 present a method of contacting butadiene and a catalyst in liquid phase.
- a cocatalyst comprising an organometal compound, water, etc.
- 1,4-Cis polybutadiene can also be prepared in a nonpolar solvent by reacting butadiene with an alkali metal catalyst.
- polybutadiene with a cis content of 30% or higher is attained in general, although the cis content is affected by additives.
- U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,288,612 and 6,984,706 disclose methods of polymerizing butadiene in liquid phase by contacting with an alkali metal catalyst.
- an aromatic organosulfur compound is used to reduce rigidity and viscosity of natural rubber and synthetic butadiene-styrene rubber in order to provide better workability.
- a halogenated sulfur compound, etc. are used as the aromatic organosulfur compound.
- aromatic organosulfur compounds including the followings are presented: zinc bis(pentachlorothiophenol), fluorothiophenol, chlorothiophenol, bromothiophenol, iodothiophenol, difluorothiophenol, dichlorothiophenol, dibromothiophenol, diiodothiophenol, trifluorothiophenol, trichlorothiophenol, tribromothiophenol, triiodothiophenol, tetrafluorothiophenol, tetrachlorothiophenol, tetrabromothiophenol, tetraiodothiophenol, pentafluorothiophenol, pentachlorothiophenol, pentabromothiophenol, pentaiodothiophenol, bis(fluorophenyl)disulfide, bis(chlorophenyl)disulfide, bis(bromopheny
- an aromatic organosulfur compound stabilizes polymer radicals formed by the cutting of polymer chains, thereby preventing reassembly, reducing molecular weight of the polymer, improving uniform distribution and blending, and increasing crosslinking density.
- the present invention aims at maximizing the effect of the aromatic organosulfur compound by using polybutadiene in which aromatic organosulfur compounds are bound to the polymer chain at the molecular level. At the same time, the present invention aims at reducing polymer portion of the polybutadiene and narrowing molecular weight distribution, thereby improving processability and physical properties.
- the present invention solves this problem through “molecular-level design” and maximizes the effect of aromatic organosulfur compound and physical properties of polymers.
- the present invention provides aromatic organosulfur functionalized 1,4-cis polybutadiene represented by the following Chemical Formula 1 or Chemical Formula 2:
- the present invention provides a preparation method of aromatic organosulfur functionalized 1,4-cis polybutadiene comprising: a first step of polymerizing 1,3-butadiene or butadiene derivative in the presence of an alkali metal catalyst or a catalyst comprising 1) 1 mol of a rare earth element compound or a transition metal compound, 2) 1 to 10 molar equivalents of a halogen containing compound, and 3) 10 to 100 molar equivalents of an organoaluminum compound in a nonpolar solvent to prepare 1,4-cis polybutadiene; and a second step of polymerizing 100 parts by weight of the resultant 1,4-cis polybutadiene with 0.05 to 5 parts by weight of an aromatic organosulfur compound to prepare aromatic organosulfur functionalized 1,4-cis polybutadiene represented by Chemical Formula 1 or Chemical Formula 2.
- the aromatic organosulfur functionalized 1,4-cis polybutadiene prepared in accordance with the present invention has low molecular weight distribution, no ultrahigh molecular weight region and uniform crosslinking density. Therefore, when used for rubber composition, it improves processability, elasticity and mechanical properties. Thus, it is expected to be applied usefully in natural and synthetic rubber.
- FIG. 1 shows gel permeation chromatograms of the aromatic organosulfur functionalized 1,4-cis polybutadiene of the present invention prepared in Example 1 obtained using a laser scattering detector. Blue curve is for NdBR, and red curve is for PCTP—NdBR;
- FIG. 2 shows gel permeation chromatograms of the aromatic organosulfur functionalized 1,4-cis polybutadiene of the present invention prepared in Example 1 obtained using a UV detector. Blue curve is for NdBR, and red curve is for PCTP—NdBR;
- FIG. 4 shows gel permeation chromatograms of the aromatic organosulfur functionalized 1,4-cis polybutadiene of the present invention prepared in Example 7 obtained using a UV detector. Red curve is for NdBR, and blue curve is for TCTP-NdBR;
- FIG. 6 shows IR spectrum of the aromatic organosulfur functionalized 1,4-cis polybutadiene (TCTP-NdBR) of the present invention prepared in Example 7 obtained in CS 2 solution.
- 1,3-butadiene or butadiene derivative is polymerized in the presence of an alkali metal catalyst or a catalyst comprising 1) 1 mol of a rare earth element compound or a transition metal compound, 2) 1 to 10 molar equivalents of a halogen containing compound, and 3) 10 to 100 molar equivalents of an organoaluminum compound in a nonpolar solvent to prepare 1,4-cis polybutadiene.
- the resultant 1,4-cis polybutadiene has a cis content of at least 30%, more specifically from 30 to 99%.
- the catalyst used in the present invention is either an alkali metal catalyst or a catalyst comprising 1) a rare earth element compound or a transition metal compound, 2) a halogen containing compound, and 3) an organoaluminum compound.
- the rare earth element catalyst comprises 1) a rare earth element compound, 2) a halogen containing compound, and 3) an organoaluminum compound
- the transition metal catalyst comprises 1) a transition metal compound, 2) a halogen containing compound, and 3) an organoaluminum compound.
- the alkali metal catalyst comprises an alkali metal catalyst alone. Polymerization having “living property” such as one using a rare earth element catalyst or an alkali metal catalyst may be carried out using an isocyanate compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 3:
- R 1 is C 4 -C 100 aryl or alkyl, and n is an integer from 2 to 10.
- the isocyanate compound may be selected from C 4 -C 100 alkyl triisocyanate, C 4 -C 100 alkyl tetra isocyanate, aromatic triisocyanate and aromatic tetraisocyanate compounds. Specifically, hexyl diisocyanate, octyl diisocyanate, methylene diphenyl diisocyanate, hexyl triisocyanate, octyl triisocyanate, dodecyl tetraisocyanate, methylene triphenyl triisocyanate, naphthalene 1,2,5,7-tetraisocyanate, naphthalene 1,3,7-triisocyanate, tris-(p-isocyanatephenyl)-thiophosphate, carbodiimide-isocyanate cyclic derivative compound, methylene diphenyl diisocyanate, polystyryl isocyanate, and the like may be used.
- the isocyanate compound is used in an amount of 0.05 to 2 parts by weight based on neodymium-polybutadiene.
- content is less than 0.05 part by weight, number of coupling may be insufficient.
- Mooney viscosity may vary a lot. Hence, it is preferred that the above range be maintained.
- the rare earth element compound or the transition metal compound may be a rare earth element salt or a transition metal salt of an organic acid or an inorganic acid.
- An organic acid salt having superior solubility in organic solvent is preferred.
- a carboxylate is more preferred.
- the carboxylate may have C 8 -C 20 saturated, unsaturated, cyclic or linear structure. Specifically, octoate, naphthenate, versatate, stearate, etc. may be used.
- the rare earth element carboxylate may be neodymium versatate, neodymium octoate, neodymium naphthenate, and the like.
- the transition metal carboxylate may be nickel octoate, nickel naphthenate, cobalt octoate, cobalt naphthenate, and the like.
- the halogen containing compound may be a Lewis acid that contains a halogen or a halogen compound that can easily withdraw a halogen, and may be one represented by the following Chemical Formula 4:
- R 2 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 10 alkyl or C 5 -C 10 aryl
- A is aluminum or boron
- n is an integer from 1 to 3
- m is an integer from 0 to 2
- n+m 3.
- the halogen containing compound may be diethylchloroaluminum, trifluoroboron compound, or the like.
- the organoaluminum compound may be a compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 5. Specifically, it may be trimethylaluminum, triethylaluminum, tripropylaluminum, tributylaluminum, triisobutylaluminum, trihexylaluminum, diisobutylaluminum hydride, and the like.
- R 3 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 10 alkyl or C 5 -C 10 aryl.
- the organoaluminum compound is used as a component of the rare earth element catalyst in an amount of 2 to 100 molar equivalents, preferably 10 to 100 molar equivalents, based on 1 mol of the rare earth element compound. If the content is lower than 10 molar equivalents, reactivity may decrease. And, if it exceeds 100 molar equivalents, it will result in overreactions. Hence, it is preferred that the above range be maintained.
- the transition metal catalyst it is used in an amount of 2 to 10 molar equivalents based on 1 mol of the transition metal compound. If the content is lower than 2 molar equivalents or exceeds 10 molar equivalents, reactivity may decrease. Hence, it is preferred that the above range be maintained.
- the alkali metal catalyst may be a compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 6:
- M is an alkali metal selected from lithium, sodium, potassium, rhodium or cesium; and R 4 is hydrogen C 1 -C 10 alkyl or C 5 -C 10 aryl.
- the solvent used for the preparation of the catalyst may be one commonly used in the art and is not particularly limited.
- a nonpolar solvent without reactivity with the catalyst such as aliphatic hydrocarbon, cycloaliphatic butane, benzene, ethylbenzene or xylene may be used.
- one selected from pentane, hexane, isopentane, heptane, octane, isooctane, cyclopentane, methylcyclopentane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, ethylcyclohexane, benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and xylene may be used.
- the preparation solvent is used after removing oxygen and water.
- the nonpolar solvent is used in an amount of 3 to 10 parts by weight based on 1 part by weight of 1,3-butadiene or butadiene derivative.
- the content is below 3 parts by weight, transfer of polymerization solution may be difficult. And, when it exceeds 10 parts by weight, reactivity may decrease. Hence, it is preferred that the above range be maintained.
- the reactant butadiene or butadiene derivative may be added during aging of the catalyst. This not only maintains activity of the catalyst but also prevents precipitation and affects physical properties of rubber. At that time, it is used in an amount of 1 to 10 parts by weight based on the rare earth element or transition metal compound.
- Catalyst aging may be carried out as follows. A rare earth element or transition metal compound catalyst solution including butadiene or butadiene derivative is added in a catalyst reactor under nitrogen atmosphere. Then, the halogen containing compound and the organoaluminum compound are added. The sequence of addition may be different depending on processing conditions. Also, it is possible to directly add into the reactor without the aging process. Aging temperature and aging time also affect the properties of the product. Preferably, aging time ranges from 5 minutes to 2 hours, and aging temperature ranges from ⁇ 30 to 60° C. The alkali metal catalyst does not require such an aging process.
- the catalyst is used in an amount of 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 to 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 molar equivalent based on 100 g of 1,3-butadiene or butadiene derivative.
- the content is below 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 molar equivalent, reaction occurs slowly. And, when it exceeds 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 molar equivalent, control of temperature or physical properties may be difficult due to excessive reaction. Hence, it is preferred that the above range be maintained.
- the reactant 1,3-butadiene or butadiene derivative may be specifically 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, 1,3-pentadiene, 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene, myrcene, or the like.
- Polymerization is initiated under highly pure nitrogen atmosphere.
- polymerization temperature is from ⁇ 20 to 100° C. and polymerization time is from 30 minutes to 3 hours. A yield of 70% or better can be attained.
- 1,4-cis polybutadiene having a cis content of at least 30% and a molecular weight ranging from 50,000 to 2,000,000 is prepared.
- 1,4-cis polybutadiene is reacted with 0.05 to 5 parts by weight of an aromatic organosulfur compound based on 100 parts by weight of the polybutadiene to prepare aromatic organosulfur functionalized 1,4-cis polybutadiene represented by Chemical Formula 1.
- the aromatic organosulfur compound may be selected from fluorothiophenol, chlorothiophenol, bromothiophenol, iodothiophenol, difluorothiophenol, dichlorothiophenol, dibromothiophenol, diiodothiophenol, trifluorothiophenol, trichlorothiophenol, tribromothiophenol, triiodothiophenol, tetrafluorothiophenol, tetrachlorothiophenol, tetrabromothiophenol, tetraiodothiophenol, pentafluorothiophenol, pentachlorothiophenol, pentabromothiophenol, pentaiodothiophenol, fluorothiopyridine, chlorothiopyridine, bromothiopyridine, iodothiopyridine, difluorothiopyridine, dichlorothiopyridine, dibromothiopyridine, diiodo
- the aromatic organosulfur compound is used alone, without an isocyanate compound.
- a radical initiator may be further added to facilitate reaction.
- the radical initiator may be selected from dicumyl peroxide, dibenzoyl peroxide, t-butyl peroxybenzoate, 1,1-di(t-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, and the like.
- aromatic organosulfur functionalized 1,4-cis polybutadiene in which the aromatic organosulfur compound is covalently bonded at the end of 1,4-cis polybutadiene, is prepared. This can be confirmed through gel permeation chromatography.
- heating, light radiation or radical initiator addition may be carried out in order to facilitate bonding of the aromatic organic compound with polybutadiene.
- the thiol group of aromatic organosulfur compound reacts readily with the vinyl group and double bond of polybutadiene. The reaction can be identified from the disappearance of the thiol peak around 2600 to 2550 cm ⁇ 1 , and the degree of reaction can be confirmed through gel permeation chromatography using a UV detector.
- Ziegler-Natta catalyst used in the polymerization was composed of neodymium versatate (1.0 weight % cyclohexane solution), diethylaluminum chloride (1.0 M cyclohexane solution), diisobutylaluminum hydride (15 weight % cyclohexane solution) and triisobutylaluminum (1.0 M cyclohexane solution).
- Molar ratio of the catalysts was 1:3:4:20, and 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 mol of neodymium catalyst was used per 100 g of monomer.
- reaction was terminated by adding polyoxyethylene phosphate (1.2 g) and ethanol (10 mL) as reaction terminator. Then, molecular analysis was carried out through gel permeation chromatography. The result is given in Table 1, FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 . IR spectrum observed in CS 2 solution is shown in FIG. 5 .
- FIG. 1 shows gel permeation chromatograms observed using a laser scattering detector. Good sensitivity was attained because difference in molecular weight resulted in distinct scattering patterns.
- Blue curve is for neodymium-polybutadiene (NdBR, Mw: 394000, molecular weight distribution: 3.77) obtained from polymerization of butadiene in the first step, and red curve is for aromatic compound substituted polybutadiene (PCTP—NdBR, Mw: 302000 molecular weight distribution: 3.03) obtained in the second step. It was confirmed that the ultrahigh molecular weight region decreased and, as a result, molecular weight distribution decreased greatly.
- FIG. 2 shows gel chromatograms obtained from UV absorbance measured using a UV detector.
- Polybutadiene shows smaller UV absorption peak, whereas aromatic organosulfur functionalized polybutadiene shows larger peak.
- Blue curve is for NdBR, and red curve is for PCTP—NdBR. It was confirmed that the aromatic organosulfur was bound from high molecular weight range to low molecular weight range.
- FIG. 5 shows IR spectrum of PCTP—NdBR prepared above obtained in CS 2 solution. The disappearance of the thiol peak (2600 to 2550 cm ⁇ 1 ) was confirmed.
- Aromatic organosulfur functionalized 1,4-cis polybutadiene was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except for adding polymethylene isocyanate (1.5 g) dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL) and pentachlorothiophenol (1.5 g) dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL) instead of pentachlorothiophenol (0.6 g) dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL). Analysis result is given in Table 1.
- Aromatic organosulfur functionalized 1,4-cis polybutadiene was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except for adding pentafluorothiophenol (1.5 g) dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL) instead of pentachlorothiophenol (0.6 g) dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL). Analysis result is given in Table 1.
- Aromatic organosulfur functionalized 1,4-cis polybutadiene was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except for adding glycidyl pentachlorothiophenyl ether (1.5 g) dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (20 mL) instead of pentachlorothiophenol (0.6 g) dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL). Analysis result is given in Table 1.
- Aromatic organosulfur functionalized 1,4-cis polybutadiene was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except for adding dibenzamidodiphenyl disulfide (1.5 g) dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (20 mL) instead of pentachlorothiophenol (0.6 g) dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL) and adding dicumyl peroxide (0.15 g) as radical initiator. Analysis result is given in Table 1.
- Aromatic organosulfur functionalized 1,4-cis polybutadiene was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except for adding glycidyl pentafluorothiophenyl ether (1.5 g) dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (20 mL) instead of pentachlorothiophenol (0.6 g) dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL). Analysis result is given in Table 1.
- Aromatic organosulfur functionalized 1,4-cis polybutadiene was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except for adding tetrachlorothipyridine (1.5 g) dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (20 mL) instead of pentachlorothiophenol (0.6 g) dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL). Analysis result is given in Table 1, FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 . IR spectrum observed in CS 2 solution is shown in FIG. 6 .
- FIG. 3 shows gel chromatograms observed using a laser scattering detector. Good sensitivity was attained because difference in molecular weight resulted in distinct scattering patterns.
- Blue curve is for neodymium-polybutadiene (NdBR, Mw: 351000, molecular weight distribution: 2.07) obtained from polymerization of butadiene in the first step, and red curve is for aromatic compound substituted polybutadiene (TCTP-NdBR, Mw: 302000 molecular weight distribution: 3.03) obtained in the second step. It was confirmed that the ultrahigh molecular weight region decreased and, as a result, molecular weight distribution decreased greatly.
- FIG. 4 shows gel chromatograms obtained from UV absorbance measured using a UV detector.
- Polybutadiene shows smaller UV absorption peak, whereas aromatic organosulfur functionalized polybutadiene shows larger peak.
- Red curve is for NdBR
- blue curve is for TCTP-NdBR. It was confirmed that the aromatic organosulfur was bound from high molecular weight range to low molecular weight range.
- FIG. 6 shows IR spectrum of TCTP-NdBR prepared above obtained in CS 2 solution. The disappearance of the thiol peak (2600 to 2550 cm ⁇ 1 ) was confirmed.
- Ziegler-Natta catalyst used in the polymerization was composed of nickel octoate (0.05 weight % toluene solution), trifluoroboron ethyl ether (1.5 weight % toluene solution) and triethylaluminum (0.8 weight % toluene solution), and 7.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 mol of nickel catalyst was used per 100 g of monomer.
- reaction catalysts were aged by sufficiently blowing in nitrogen, sequentially adding nickel octoate, trifluoroboron ethyl ether and triethylaluminum with a molar ratio of 1:10:6 in a 100 mL round flask sealed with a rubber stopper, and carrying out aging at 20° C. for 1 hour.
- Polymerization was carried out by sufficiently blowing in nitrogen in a 5 L pressure reactor, adding heptane, the Ziegler-Natta catalyst aged above and 300 g of butadiene monomer, and carrying out reaction at 60° C. for 2 hours. Part of the polymer solution (30 g) was taken and mass analysis was carried out through gel permeation chromatography (Mw: 358000, MWD: 4.57).
- Aromatic organosulfur functionalized 1,4-cis polybutadiene was prepared in the same manner as in Example 8, except for adding tetrachlorothiopyridine (1.5 g) dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (20 mL) instead of pentachlorothiophenol (0.6 g) dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL). Analysis result is given in Table 2.
- Ziegler-Natta catalyst used in the polymerization was composed of cobalt octorate (0.15 mmol) and (C 2 H 5 ) 3 Al 2 Cl 3 (1.5 mmol), and 1.5 kg of toluene and 300 g of butadiene were used. Polymerization was carried out by sufficiently blowing in nitrogen in a 5-L pressure reactor, adding toluene, the aforesaid cobalt and aluminum catalysts and 300 g of butadiene monomer, and carrying out reaction at 60° C. for 2 hours. Part of the polymer solution (30 g) was taken and mass analysis was carried out through gel permeation chromatography (Mw: 371000, MWD: 3.82).
- Aromatic organosulfur functionalized 1,4-cis polybutadiene was prepared in the same manner as in Example 8, except for adding tetrachlorothiopyridine (1.5 g) dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (20 mL) instead of pentachlorothiophenol (0.6 g) dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL). Analysis result is given in Table 2.
- Polymerization was terminated by adding a small amount of methanol to the polymerization solution in order to completely remove activity of the living polymer, and then adding 1 g of Irganox 1076 (Aldrich) and 1.5 g of tris(nonylphenol) as antioxidant.
- Aromatic organosulfur functionalized 1,4-cis polybutadiene was prepared in the same manner as in Example 12, except for adding tetrachlorothiopyridine (1.5 g) dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (20 mL) instead of pentachlorothiophenol (0.6 g) dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL). Analysis result is given in Table 2.
- Solid rubber (30 g) was taken from each polymer, and prepared into two samples (thickness: 0.8 cm, area: 5 cm ⁇ 5 cm) using a roller. The samples were attached at the front and back of a rotor. After mounting the rotor in a rotary viscometer (Alpha Technologies, Mooney MV2000) and pre-heating at 100° C. for 1 minute, change of viscosity of the solid rubber after operation of the rotor was observed for 4 minutes. Mooney viscosity was obtained as ML 1+4 (100° C.) value.
- Cis content was measured by the Morero method. Test sample was prepared by completely melting 40 mg of solid rubber in 5 mL of CS 2 . The rubber solution was put in KBr cells spaced by 1 mm, and absorbance was measured using an IR spectrometer (FTS-60A, Bio-Rad).
- IR peaks to be monitored were cis absorption (AC) at 739 cm ⁇ 1 , vinyl absorption (AV) at 912 cm ⁇ 1 , and trans absorption (AT) at 966 cm ⁇ 1 . From the absorbance measurement, cis content can be calculated by the following equations.
- V (0.3746 AV ⁇ 0.0070 AC ) ⁇ circle around (2) ⁇
- Cis (%) C/ ( C+V+T ) ⁇ 100 ⁇ circle around (4) ⁇
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to a preparation of 1,4-cis polybutadiene chemically functionalized by an aromatic organosulfur compound molecule. More specifically, the organosulfur functionalized 1,4-cis polybutadiene is obtained by first preparing 1,4-cis polybutadiene using a specific catalyst and reacting the resultant polybutadiene polymer with an aromatic organosulfur compound alone or with an aromatic organosulfur compound and an isocyanate compound to form a chemical bond. The aromatic organosulfur functionalized 1,4-cis polybutadiene has narrow molecular weight distribution and is without an ultrahigh molecular weight region. Therefore, it has a uniform crosslinking density and, when used for a rubber composition, it improves blending processability, elasticity and mechanical properties.
- Various preparation methods of 1,4-cis polybutadiene are available.
- Preparation methods of 1,4-cis polybutadiene using a rare earth element are disclosed in European Patent Nos. 11,184 B1 and 652,240 and U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,260,707 and 5,017,539. In these methods, 1,4-cis polybutadiene is prepared in the presence of a nonpolar solvent by adding a neodymium carboxylate compound, an alkylaluminum compound and a Lewis acid.
- U.K. Patent No. 2,002,003 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,429,089 disclose a method of preparing 1,4-cis polybutadiene by adding AlR2X (R=hydrogen or alkyl, X=hydrogen, alkoxy or thioalkoxy), an alkylaluminum compound and a neodymium compound.
- In U.S. Pat. No. 4,699,962, a catalyst prepared by reacting neodymium hydride, a chloride compound and an electron donor ligand and then adding an organoaluminum compound is used to prepare high 1,4-cis polybutadiene.
- In European Patent No. 375,421 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,017,539, a neodymium compound, an organic halogen compound and an organoaluminum compound are aged at a temperature below 0° C. and high 1,4-cis polybutadiene is prepared as a result.
- Examples of modifying the terminal groups of polybutadiene, such as epoxy, siloxane, isocyanate, etc., utilizing the living property of neodymium catalyst include WO 02/36615, European Patent Nos. 713 885 and 267 675 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,624,256. In European Patent No. 386 808 B1, a catalyst comprising a neodymium carboxylate compound, an alkylaluminum compound and a halogen containing compound is utilized to polymerize 1,4-cis polybutadiene in a nonpolar solvent. Then, a trichlorophosphine compound (PCl3) is added to improve processability by reducing low-temperature flowability. Here, Mooney viscosity increases remarkably, depending on the amount of PCl3.
- In U.S. Pat. No. 6,255,416, a catalyst comprising Nd(versatate)3, methylaluminoxane (MAO), Al(iBu)2H, a metal halide and a Lewis base is used, and a tin compound and an isocyanate compound are used to control physical properties.
- In U.S. Pat. No. 7,247,695, an example of preparing a polybutadiene-polyurethane copolymer using a neodymium polybutadiene and an isocyanate compound, etc., are disclosed.
- Polybutadiene prepared using a catalyst comprising a rare earth metal such as neodymium has superior physical properties because of its linear molecular structure. However, it has a storage problem because of cold flow. To solve this problem, U.S. Pat. No. 5,557,784 presents a method for controlling cold flow. In this patent, 1,4-cis polybutadiene is prepared in a nonpolar solvent using a catalyst comprising a neodymium carboxylate compound, an alkylaluminum compound and a halogen containing compound. Then, after stopping the reaction using a reaction terminator and an antioxidant, sulfur chloride is added after removing unreacted 1,3-butadiene in order to reduce the odor caused by the addition of sulfur chloride.
- As examples of preparation of 1,4-cis polybutadiene using nickel carboxylate, U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,013,746 and 6,562,917 disclose a method for preparing 1,4-cis-polybutadiene in a nonpolar solvent using a catalyst comprising (1) a nickel carboxylate compound, (2) a fluorine compound and (3) an alkylaluminum compound.
- In a method disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,170,905, a catalyst comprising at least one compound selected from nickel carboxylate and an organonickel complex compound, at least one compound selected from a fluoroboron compound and a complex thereof, and at least one compound selected from an organometal compound of a group II or III metal and an alkali metal is used.
- U.S. Pat. No. 3,725,492 discloses a method of preparing 1,4-cis-polybutadiene having a very small molecular weight from polymerization of 1,3-butadiene using a catalyst comprising a nickel compound, a halogen compound and an organoaluminum compound. In U.S. Pat. No. 6,727,330, nickel carboxylate, a polymerization terminator comprising an inorganic base and an amine compound or carboxylic acid is used to prevent gel-formation during polymerization of butadiene using a catalyst comprising a fluoroboron compound and an organometal compound of alkali metal.
- Preparation of polybutadiene with high 1,4-cis content using cobalt carboxylate, for example, using a catalyst comprising (1) a cobalt carboxylate compound and (2) an alkylaluminum compound, in a nonpolar solvent is disclosed in the followings. U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,182,814, 5,397,851, 5,733,835 and 5,905,125 present a method of contacting butadiene and a catalyst in liquid phase. Along with a cobalt carboxylate catalyst, a cocatalyst comprising an organometal compound, water, etc., is are used.
- 1,4-Cis polybutadiene can also be prepared in a nonpolar solvent by reacting butadiene with an alkali metal catalyst. In this case, polybutadiene with a cis content of 30% or higher is attained in general, although the cis content is affected by additives. For example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,288,612 and 6,984,706 disclose methods of polymerizing butadiene in liquid phase by contacting with an alkali metal catalyst.
- In U.S. Pat. No. 4,129,538, an aromatic organosulfur compound is used to reduce rigidity and viscosity of natural rubber and synthetic butadiene-styrene rubber in order to provide better workability. Here, a halogenated sulfur compound, etc., are used as the aromatic organosulfur compound. By mixing rubber and the aromatic organosulfur compound in an open mill, it is possible to improve processability by reducing Mooney viscosity and to reduce work time. Specifically, for the aromatic organosulfur compound, pentachlorothiophenol, xylyl mercaptan, tetrachlorobenzenedithiol, mercaptobenzothiazole, dibenzoyl disulfide, dibenzamidodiphenyl disulfide, dibenzothiazyl disulfide, pentachlorophenyl disulfide, zinc pentachlorothiophenol, zinc xylyl mercaptan, zinc dibenzamidodiphenyl disulfide, and the like are used.
- In U.S. Pat. No. 7,157,514, aromatic organosulfur compounds including the followings are presented: zinc bis(pentachlorothiophenol), fluorothiophenol, chlorothiophenol, bromothiophenol, iodothiophenol, difluorothiophenol, dichlorothiophenol, dibromothiophenol, diiodothiophenol, trifluorothiophenol, trichlorothiophenol, tribromothiophenol, triiodothiophenol, tetrafluorothiophenol, tetrachlorothiophenol, tetrabromothiophenol, tetraiodothiophenol, pentafluorothiophenol, pentachlorothiophenol, pentabromothiophenol, pentaiodothiophenol, bis(fluorophenyl)disulfide, bis(chlorophenyl)disulfide, bis(bromophenyl)disulfide, bis(iodophenyl)disulfide, bis(2-chloro-5-iodo)disulfide, bis(2-chloro-5-bromophenyl)disulfide, bis(2-chloro-5-fluoro)disulfide, bis(trifluorophenyl)disulfide, bis(trichlorophenyl)disulfide, bis(tribromophenyl)disulfide, bis(triiodophenyl)disulfide, bis(tetrafluorophenyl)disulfide, bis(tetrachlorophenyl)disulfide, bis(tetrabromophenyl)disulfide, bis(tetraiodophenyl)disulfide, bis(pentafluorophenyl)disulfide, bis(pentachlorophenyl)disulfide, bis(pentabromophenyl)disulfide, bis(pentaiodophenyl)disulfide, bis(acetylphenyl)disulfide, bis(3-aminophenyl)disulfide, tris(2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenyl)methane, tris(2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-4-nitrophenyl)methane, di(pentachlorophenyl)phosphine chloride and di(pentafluorophenyl)phosphine chloride.
- As described above, an aromatic organosulfur compound stabilizes polymer radicals formed by the cutting of polymer chains, thereby preventing reassembly, reducing molecular weight of the polymer, improving uniform distribution and blending, and increasing crosslinking density.
- Unlike the conventional methods in which an aromatic organosulfur compound is added during blending, the present invention aims at maximizing the effect of the aromatic organosulfur compound by using polybutadiene in which aromatic organosulfur compounds are bound to the polymer chain at the molecular level. At the same time, the present invention aims at reducing polymer portion of the polybutadiene and narrowing molecular weight distribution, thereby improving processability and physical properties.
- When the aromatic organosulfur compound is added during blending, a sufficient time for mixing is required because of its poor compatibility with rubber. And, the resultant rubber surface may be coarse. The present invention solves this problem through “molecular-level design” and maximizes the effect of aromatic organosulfur compound and physical properties of polymers.
- In an aspect, the present invention provides aromatic organosulfur functionalized 1,4-cis polybutadiene represented by the following Chemical Formula 1 or Chemical Formula 2:
- where l, m, n and o respectively represent the number of repeating units of polybutadiene main chain, with l ranging from 30 to 99 weight %, m ranging from 0.05 to 5 weight %, n ranging from 0 to 50 weight %, o ranging from 0 to 50 weight %, and (l+m+n+o)=100 weight %, SAr represents an aromatic organosulfur compound, and R1 represents an isocyanate compound.
- In another aspect, the present invention provides a preparation method of aromatic organosulfur functionalized 1,4-cis polybutadiene comprising: a first step of polymerizing 1,3-butadiene or butadiene derivative in the presence of an alkali metal catalyst or a catalyst comprising 1) 1 mol of a rare earth element compound or a transition metal compound, 2) 1 to 10 molar equivalents of a halogen containing compound, and 3) 10 to 100 molar equivalents of an organoaluminum compound in a nonpolar solvent to prepare 1,4-cis polybutadiene; and a second step of polymerizing 100 parts by weight of the resultant 1,4-cis polybutadiene with 0.05 to 5 parts by weight of an aromatic organosulfur compound to prepare aromatic organosulfur functionalized 1,4-cis polybutadiene represented by Chemical Formula 1 or Chemical Formula 2.
- As described in detail above, the aromatic organosulfur functionalized 1,4-cis polybutadiene prepared in accordance with the present invention has low molecular weight distribution, no ultrahigh molecular weight region and uniform crosslinking density. Therefore, when used for rubber composition, it improves processability, elasticity and mechanical properties. Thus, it is expected to be applied usefully in natural and synthetic rubber.
- The above and other objects, features and other advantages of the present invention will be more clearly understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
-
FIG. 1 shows gel permeation chromatograms of the aromatic organosulfur functionalized 1,4-cis polybutadiene of the present invention prepared in Example 1 obtained using a laser scattering detector. Blue curve is for NdBR, and red curve is for PCTP—NdBR; -
FIG. 2 shows gel permeation chromatograms of the aromatic organosulfur functionalized 1,4-cis polybutadiene of the present invention prepared in Example 1 obtained using a UV detector. Blue curve is for NdBR, and red curve is for PCTP—NdBR; -
FIG. 3 shows gel permeation chromatograms of the aromatic organosulfur functionalized 1,4-cis polybutadiene of the present invention prepared in Example 7 obtained using a laser scattering detector. Red curve is for NdBR, and blue curve is for TCTP-NdBR; -
FIG. 4 shows gel permeation chromatograms of the aromatic organosulfur functionalized 1,4-cis polybutadiene of the present invention prepared in Example 7 obtained using a UV detector. Red curve is for NdBR, and blue curve is for TCTP-NdBR; -
FIG. 5 shows IR spectrum of the aromatic organosulfur functionalized 1,4-cis polybutadiene (PCTP—NdBR) of the present invention prepared in Example 1 obtained in CS2 solution; and -
FIG. 6 shows IR spectrum of the aromatic organosulfur functionalized 1,4-cis polybutadiene (TCTP-NdBR) of the present invention prepared in Example 7 obtained in CS2 solution. - Hereunder is given a more detailed description of the preparation method of aromatic organosulfur functionalized 1,4-cis polybutadiene according to the present invention.
- First, 1,3-butadiene or butadiene derivative is polymerized in the presence of an alkali metal catalyst or a catalyst comprising 1) 1 mol of a rare earth element compound or a transition metal compound, 2) 1 to 10 molar equivalents of a halogen containing compound, and 3) 10 to 100 molar equivalents of an organoaluminum compound in a nonpolar solvent to prepare 1,4-cis polybutadiene. The resultant 1,4-cis polybutadiene has a cis content of at least 30%, more specifically from 30 to 99%.
- The catalyst used in the present invention is either an alkali metal catalyst or a catalyst comprising 1) a rare earth element compound or a transition metal compound, 2) a halogen containing compound, and 3) an organoaluminum compound. The rare earth element catalyst comprises 1) a rare earth element compound, 2) a halogen containing compound, and 3) an organoaluminum compound, and the transition metal catalyst comprises 1) a transition metal compound, 2) a halogen containing compound, and 3) an organoaluminum compound. The alkali metal catalyst comprises an alkali metal catalyst alone. Polymerization having “living property” such as one using a rare earth element catalyst or an alkali metal catalyst may be carried out using an isocyanate compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 3:
-
R1—(NCO)n [Chemical Formula 3] - where R1 is C4-C100 aryl or alkyl, and n is an integer from 2 to 10.
- The isocyanate compound may be selected from C4-C100 alkyl triisocyanate, C4-C100 alkyl tetra isocyanate, aromatic triisocyanate and aromatic tetraisocyanate compounds. Specifically, hexyl diisocyanate, octyl diisocyanate, methylene diphenyl diisocyanate, hexyl triisocyanate, octyl triisocyanate, dodecyl tetraisocyanate, methylene triphenyl triisocyanate, naphthalene 1,2,5,7-tetraisocyanate, naphthalene 1,3,7-triisocyanate, tris-(p-isocyanatephenyl)-thiophosphate, carbodiimide-isocyanate cyclic derivative compound, methylene diphenyl diisocyanate, polystyryl isocyanate, and the like may be used.
- The isocyanate compound is used in an amount of 0.05 to 2 parts by weight based on neodymium-polybutadiene. When the content is less than 0.05 part by weight, number of coupling may be insufficient. And, when it exceeds 2 parts by weight, Mooney viscosity may vary a lot. Hence, it is preferred that the above range be maintained.
- The rare earth element compound or the transition metal compound may be a rare earth element salt or a transition metal salt of an organic acid or an inorganic acid. An organic acid salt having superior solubility in organic solvent is preferred. Particularly, a carboxylate is more preferred. The carboxylate may have C8-C20 saturated, unsaturated, cyclic or linear structure. Specifically, octoate, naphthenate, versatate, stearate, etc. may be used. Specifically, the rare earth element carboxylate may be neodymium versatate, neodymium octoate, neodymium naphthenate, and the like. Neodymium versatate in single molecular form is the most preferred in view of activity and polymer property. The transition metal carboxylate may be nickel octoate, nickel naphthenate, cobalt octoate, cobalt naphthenate, and the like.
- The halogen containing compound may be a Lewis acid that contains a halogen or a halogen compound that can easily withdraw a halogen, and may be one represented by the following Chemical Formula 4:
-
AXnR2 m [Chemical Formula 4] - where R2 is hydrogen, C1-C10 alkyl or C5-C10 aryl, A is aluminum or boron, n is an integer from 1 to 3, m is an integer from 0 to 2, and n+m=3.
- Specifically, the halogen containing compound may be diethylchloroaluminum, trifluoroboron compound, or the like.
- The organoaluminum compound may be a compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 5. Specifically, it may be trimethylaluminum, triethylaluminum, tripropylaluminum, tributylaluminum, triisobutylaluminum, trihexylaluminum, diisobutylaluminum hydride, and the like.
-
AlR3 3 [Chemical Formula 5] - In Chemical Formula 5, R3 is hydrogen, C1-C10 alkyl or C5-C10aryl.
- The organoaluminum compound is used as a component of the rare earth element catalyst in an amount of 2 to 100 molar equivalents, preferably 10 to 100 molar equivalents, based on 1 mol of the rare earth element compound. If the content is lower than 10 molar equivalents, reactivity may decrease. And, if it exceeds 100 molar equivalents, it will result in overreactions. Hence, it is preferred that the above range be maintained. In the transition metal catalyst, it is used in an amount of 2 to 10 molar equivalents based on 1 mol of the transition metal compound. If the content is lower than 2 molar equivalents or exceeds 10 molar equivalents, reactivity may decrease. Hence, it is preferred that the above range be maintained.
- The alkali metal catalyst may be a compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 6:
-
MR4 [Chemical Formula 6] - where M is an alkali metal selected from lithium, sodium, potassium, rhodium or cesium; and R4 is hydrogen C1-C10 alkyl or C5-C10 aryl.
- The solvent used for the preparation of the catalyst may be one commonly used in the art and is not particularly limited. A nonpolar solvent without reactivity with the catalyst, such as aliphatic hydrocarbon, cycloaliphatic butane, benzene, ethylbenzene or xylene may be used. Specifically, one selected from pentane, hexane, isopentane, heptane, octane, isooctane, cyclopentane, methylcyclopentane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, ethylcyclohexane, benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and xylene may be used. Preferably, the preparation solvent is used after removing oxygen and water.
- The nonpolar solvent is used in an amount of 3 to 10 parts by weight based on 1 part by weight of 1,3-butadiene or butadiene derivative. When the content is below 3 parts by weight, transfer of polymerization solution may be difficult. And, when it exceeds 10 parts by weight, reactivity may decrease. Hence, it is preferred that the above range be maintained.
- The reactant butadiene or butadiene derivative may be added during aging of the catalyst. This not only maintains activity of the catalyst but also prevents precipitation and affects physical properties of rubber. At that time, it is used in an amount of 1 to 10 parts by weight based on the rare earth element or transition metal compound.
- Catalyst aging may be carried out as follows. A rare earth element or transition metal compound catalyst solution including butadiene or butadiene derivative is added in a catalyst reactor under nitrogen atmosphere. Then, the halogen containing compound and the organoaluminum compound are added. The sequence of addition may be different depending on processing conditions. Also, it is possible to directly add into the reactor without the aging process. Aging temperature and aging time also affect the properties of the product. Preferably, aging time ranges from 5 minutes to 2 hours, and aging temperature ranges from −30 to 60° C. The alkali metal catalyst does not require such an aging process.
- The catalyst is used in an amount of 1×10−3 to 1×10−5 molar equivalent based on 100 g of 1,3-butadiene or butadiene derivative. When the content is below 1×10−5 molar equivalent, reaction occurs slowly. And, when it exceeds 1×10−3 molar equivalent, control of temperature or physical properties may be difficult due to excessive reaction. Hence, it is preferred that the above range be maintained.
- The reactant 1,3-butadiene or butadiene derivative may be specifically 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, 1,3-pentadiene, 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene, myrcene, or the like.
- Polymerization is initiated under highly pure nitrogen atmosphere. Preferably, polymerization temperature is from −20 to 100° C. and polymerization time is from 30 minutes to 3 hours. A yield of 70% or better can be attained.
- As a result of the polymerization, 1,4-cis polybutadiene having a cis content of at least 30% and a molecular weight ranging from 50,000 to 2,000,000 is prepared.
- Next, thus prepared 1,4-cis polybutadiene is reacted with 0.05 to 5 parts by weight of an aromatic organosulfur compound based on 100 parts by weight of the polybutadiene to prepare aromatic organosulfur functionalized 1,4-cis polybutadiene represented by Chemical Formula 1.
- When the aromatic organosulfur compound is used in an amount less than 0.05 part by weight, peptizer effect is insufficient. And, when it is used in excess of 5 parts by weight, blending viscosity may change greatly during processing. Hence, it is preferred that the above range be maintained.
- The aromatic organosulfur compound may be selected from fluorothiophenol, chlorothiophenol, bromothiophenol, iodothiophenol, difluorothiophenol, dichlorothiophenol, dibromothiophenol, diiodothiophenol, trifluorothiophenol, trichlorothiophenol, tribromothiophenol, triiodothiophenol, tetrafluorothiophenol, tetrachlorothiophenol, tetrabromothiophenol, tetraiodothiophenol, pentafluorothiophenol, pentachlorothiophenol, pentabromothiophenol, pentaiodothiophenol, fluorothiopyridine, chlorothiopyridine, bromothiopyridine, iodothiopyridine, difluorothiopyridine, dichlorothiopyridine, dibromothiopyridine, diiodothiopyridine, trifluorothiopyridine, trichlorothiopyridine, tribromothiopyridine, triiodothiopyridine, tetrafluorothiopyridine, tetrachlorothiopyridine, tetrabromothiopyridine, tetraiodothiopyridine, xylylmercaptan, tetrachlorobenzenedithiol, mercaptobenzothiazole, glycidyl pentachlorothiophenyl ether, glycidyl pentafluorothiophenyl ether, dibenzamidodiphenyl disulfide and zinc pentachlorothiophenol.
- In case of transition metal-polybutadiene, the aromatic organosulfur compound is used alone, without an isocyanate compound. A radical initiator may be further added to facilitate reaction.
- The radical initiator may be selected from dicumyl peroxide, dibenzoyl peroxide, t-butyl peroxybenzoate, 1,1-di(t-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, and the like.
- Then, after adding 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol as antioxidant, methyl alcohol or ethyl alcohol is added to terminate reaction.
- As a result, aromatic organosulfur functionalized 1,4-cis polybutadiene, in which the aromatic organosulfur compound is covalently bonded at the end of 1,4-cis polybutadiene, is prepared. This can be confirmed through gel permeation chromatography.
- Further, heating, light radiation or radical initiator addition may be carried out in order to facilitate bonding of the aromatic organic compound with polybutadiene. The thiol group of aromatic organosulfur compound reacts readily with the vinyl group and double bond of polybutadiene. The reaction can be identified from the disappearance of the thiol peak around 2600 to 2550 cm−1, and the degree of reaction can be confirmed through gel permeation chromatography using a UV detector.
- Hereinafter, the present invention is described in more detail referring to the following examples, but the examples are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
- Ziegler-Natta catalyst used in the polymerization was composed of neodymium versatate (1.0 weight % cyclohexane solution), diethylaluminum chloride (1.0 M cyclohexane solution), diisobutylaluminum hydride (15 weight % cyclohexane solution) and triisobutylaluminum (1.0 M cyclohexane solution). Molar ratio of the catalysts was 1:3:4:20, and 1.0×10−4 mol of neodymium catalyst was used per 100 g of monomer. 1.5 kg of cyclohexane polymerization solvent and a predetermined quantity of the aforesaid catalysts were added to a 5-L polymerization reactor. After adding 300 g of butadiene monomer, reaction was carried out at 70° C. for 2 hours. Part of the polymer solution (30 g) was taken and mass analysis was carried out through gel permeation chromatography (Mw: 394000, MWD: 3.77). Then, after adding pentachlorothiophenol (0.6 g) dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL), stirring was carried out at 100° C. for 1 hour. After adding 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol (3.0 g) as antioxidant, reaction was terminated by adding polyoxyethylene phosphate (1.2 g) and ethanol (10 mL) as reaction terminator. Then, molecular analysis was carried out through gel permeation chromatography. The result is given in Table 1,
FIG. 1 andFIG. 2 . IR spectrum observed in CS2 solution is shown inFIG. 5 . -
FIG. 1 shows gel permeation chromatograms observed using a laser scattering detector. Good sensitivity was attained because difference in molecular weight resulted in distinct scattering patterns. Blue curve is for neodymium-polybutadiene (NdBR, Mw: 394000, molecular weight distribution: 3.77) obtained from polymerization of butadiene in the first step, and red curve is for aromatic compound substituted polybutadiene (PCTP—NdBR, Mw: 302000 molecular weight distribution: 3.03) obtained in the second step. It was confirmed that the ultrahigh molecular weight region decreased and, as a result, molecular weight distribution decreased greatly.FIG. 2 shows gel chromatograms obtained from UV absorbance measured using a UV detector. Polybutadiene shows smaller UV absorption peak, whereas aromatic organosulfur functionalized polybutadiene shows larger peak. Blue curve is for NdBR, and red curve is for PCTP—NdBR. It was confirmed that the aromatic organosulfur was bound from high molecular weight range to low molecular weight range. -
FIG. 5 shows IR spectrum of PCTP—NdBR prepared above obtained in CS2 solution. The disappearance of the thiol peak (2600 to 2550 cm−1) was confirmed. - Aromatic organosulfur functionalized 1,4-cis polybutadiene was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except for adding polymethylene isocyanate (1.5 g) dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL) and pentachlorothiophenol (1.5 g) dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL) instead of pentachlorothiophenol (0.6 g) dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL). Analysis result is given in Table 1.
- Aromatic organosulfur functionalized 1,4-cis polybutadiene was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except for adding pentafluorothiophenol (1.5 g) dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL) instead of pentachlorothiophenol (0.6 g) dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL). Analysis result is given in Table 1.
- Aromatic organosulfur functionalized 1,4-cis polybutadiene was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except for adding glycidyl pentachlorothiophenyl ether (1.5 g) dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (20 mL) instead of pentachlorothiophenol (0.6 g) dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL). Analysis result is given in Table 1.
- Aromatic organosulfur functionalized 1,4-cis polybutadiene was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except for adding dibenzamidodiphenyl disulfide (1.5 g) dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (20 mL) instead of pentachlorothiophenol (0.6 g) dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL) and adding dicumyl peroxide (0.15 g) as radical initiator. Analysis result is given in Table 1.
- Aromatic organosulfur functionalized 1,4-cis polybutadiene was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except for adding glycidyl pentafluorothiophenyl ether (1.5 g) dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (20 mL) instead of pentachlorothiophenol (0.6 g) dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL). Analysis result is given in Table 1.
- Aromatic organosulfur functionalized 1,4-cis polybutadiene was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except for adding tetrachlorothipyridine (1.5 g) dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (20 mL) instead of pentachlorothiophenol (0.6 g) dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL). Analysis result is given in Table 1,
FIG. 3 andFIG. 4 . IR spectrum observed in CS2 solution is shown inFIG. 6 . -
FIG. 3 shows gel chromatograms observed using a laser scattering detector. Good sensitivity was attained because difference in molecular weight resulted in distinct scattering patterns. Blue curve is for neodymium-polybutadiene (NdBR, Mw: 351000, molecular weight distribution: 2.07) obtained from polymerization of butadiene in the first step, and red curve is for aromatic compound substituted polybutadiene (TCTP-NdBR, Mw: 302000 molecular weight distribution: 3.03) obtained in the second step. It was confirmed that the ultrahigh molecular weight region decreased and, as a result, molecular weight distribution decreased greatly.FIG. 4 shows gel chromatograms obtained from UV absorbance measured using a UV detector. Polybutadiene shows smaller UV absorption peak, whereas aromatic organosulfur functionalized polybutadiene shows larger peak. Red curve is for NdBR, and blue curve is for TCTP-NdBR. It was confirmed that the aromatic organosulfur was bound from high molecular weight range to low molecular weight range. -
FIG. 6 shows IR spectrum of TCTP-NdBR prepared above obtained in CS2 solution. The disappearance of the thiol peak (2600 to 2550 cm−1) was confirmed. - Ziegler-Natta catalyst used in the polymerization was composed of nickel octoate (0.05 weight % toluene solution), trifluoroboron ethyl ether (1.5 weight % toluene solution) and triethylaluminum (0.8 weight % toluene solution), and 7.0×10−5 mol of nickel catalyst was used per 100 g of monomer.
- The reaction catalysts were aged by sufficiently blowing in nitrogen, sequentially adding nickel octoate, trifluoroboron ethyl ether and triethylaluminum with a molar ratio of 1:10:6 in a 100 mL round flask sealed with a rubber stopper, and carrying out aging at 20° C. for 1 hour. Polymerization was carried out by sufficiently blowing in nitrogen in a 5 L pressure reactor, adding heptane, the Ziegler-Natta catalyst aged above and 300 g of butadiene monomer, and carrying out reaction at 60° C. for 2 hours. Part of the polymer solution (30 g) was taken and mass analysis was carried out through gel permeation chromatography (Mw: 358000, MWD: 4.57). Then, after adding pentachlorothiophenol (0.6 g) dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL), stirring was carried out at 100° C. for 1 hour. After adding 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol (3.0 g) as antioxidant, reaction was terminated by adding polyoxyethylene phosphate (1.2 g) and ethanol (10 mL) as reaction terminator. Then, molecular analysis was carried out through gel permeation chromatography. The result is given in Table 2.
- Aromatic organosulfur functionalized 1,4-cis polybutadiene was prepared in the same manner as in Example 8, except for adding tetrachlorothiopyridine (1.5 g) dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (20 mL) instead of pentachlorothiophenol (0.6 g) dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL). Analysis result is given in Table 2.
- Ziegler-Natta catalyst used in the polymerization was composed of cobalt octorate (0.15 mmol) and (C2H5)3Al2Cl3(1.5 mmol), and 1.5 kg of toluene and 300 g of butadiene were used. Polymerization was carried out by sufficiently blowing in nitrogen in a 5-L pressure reactor, adding toluene, the aforesaid cobalt and aluminum catalysts and 300 g of butadiene monomer, and carrying out reaction at 60° C. for 2 hours. Part of the polymer solution (30 g) was taken and mass analysis was carried out through gel permeation chromatography (Mw: 371000, MWD: 3.82). Then, after adding pentachlorothiophenol (0.6 g) dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL), stirring was carried out at 100° C. for 1 hour. After adding 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol (3.0 g) as antioxidant, reaction was terminated by adding polyoxyethylene phosphate (1.2 g) and ethanol (10 mL) as reaction terminator. Then, molecular analysis was carried out through gel permeation chromatography. The result is given in Table 2.
- Aromatic organosulfur functionalized 1,4-cis polybutadiene was prepared in the same manner as in Example 8, except for adding tetrachlorothiopyridine (1.5 g) dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (20 mL) instead of pentachlorothiophenol (0.6 g) dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL). Analysis result is given in Table 2.
- Inside of a 5L reactor was sufficiently substituted with argon gas. After adding 1500 g of purified cyclohexane and 300 g of butadiene, temperature was maintained at 60° C. Then, after adding 1.5 mL of n-butyllithium (BuLi, 2.0 M cyclohexane solution) as initiator, polymerization was carried out for 2 hours. Part of the polymer solution (30 g) was taken and mass analysis was carried out through gel permeation chromatography (Mw: 297000, MWD: 1.26). Then, after adding pentachlorothiophenol (0.6 g) dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL), stirring was carried out at 100° C. for 1 hour. Polymerization was terminated by adding a small amount of methanol to the polymerization solution in order to completely remove activity of the living polymer, and then adding 1 g of Irganox 1076 (Aldrich) and 1.5 g of tris(nonylphenol) as antioxidant.
- Aromatic organosulfur functionalized 1,4-cis polybutadiene was prepared in the same manner as in Example 12, except for adding tetrachlorothiopyridine (1.5 g) dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (20 mL) instead of pentachlorothiophenol (0.6 g) dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL). Analysis result is given in Table 2.
- Physical properties of aromatic organosulfur functionalized 1,4-cis polybutadiene prepared in Examples 1 to 13 are summarized in the following Tables 1 to 3.
- Physical Property Measurement
- 1) Mooney Viscosity
- Solid rubber (30 g) was taken from each polymer, and prepared into two samples (thickness: 0.8 cm, area: 5 cm×5 cm) using a roller. The samples were attached at the front and back of a rotor. After mounting the rotor in a rotary viscometer (Alpha Technologies, Mooney MV2000) and pre-heating at 100° C. for 1 minute, change of viscosity of the solid rubber after operation of the rotor was observed for 4 minutes. Mooney viscosity was obtained as ML1+4 (100° C.) value.
- 2) Cis Content
- Cis content was measured by the Morero method. Test sample was prepared by completely melting 40 mg of solid rubber in 5 mL of CS2. The rubber solution was put in KBr cells spaced by 1 mm, and absorbance was measured using an IR spectrometer (FTS-60A, Bio-Rad).
- IR peaks to be monitored were cis absorption (AC) at 739 cm−1, vinyl absorption (AV) at 912 cm−1, and trans absorption (AT) at 966 cm−1. From the absorbance measurement, cis content can be calculated by the following equations.
-
C=(1.7455 AC−0.0151 AV) {circle around (1)} -
V=(0.3746 AV−0.0070 AC) {circle around (2)} -
T=(0.4292 AT−0.0129 AV−0.0454 AC) {circle around (3)} -
Cis (%)=C/(C+V+T)×100 {circle around (4)} -
Trans (%)=T/(C+V+T)×100 {circle around (5)} -
Vinyl (%)=V/(C+V+T)×100 {circle around (6)} -
TABLE 1 Aromatic Aromatic organosulfur Mooney Cis Trans Vinyl organosulfur content (phr)1) viscosity Mw2) MWD3) (%) (%) (%) Ex. 1 PCTP 0.2 40.5 302000 3.03 97.5 1.6 0.9 Ex. 2 PCTP 0.5 35.5 272000 2.75 97.6 2.0 0.4 Ex. 3 PFTP 0.5 38.5 297000 2.98 97.5 2.0 0.5 Ex. 4 GPCTP 0.2 40.5 323000 3.20 97.3 1.5 1.2 Ex. 5 DBD 0.2 42.0 339000 3.09 97.2 1.4 1.4 Ex. 6 GPFTP 0.5 39.5 323000 2.85 97.3 2.4 0.3 Ex. 7 TCTP 0.5 25.0 113000 2.07 97.4 2.2 0.4 PCTP: pentachlorothiophenol GPCTP: glycidyl pentachlorothiophenyl ether GPFTP: glycidyl pentafluorothiophenyl ether DBD: dibenzamidodiphenyl sulfide ZnPCP: zinc tetrachlorothiophenol TCTP: tetrachlorothiophenol 1)Parts by weight based on polybutadiene 2)Mw: weight average molecular weight 3)MWD: molecular weight distribution Polymerization catalysts in Ex. 1-7: rare earth metal (neodymium) -
TABLE 2 Mooney Aromatic viscosity Aromatic organosulfur (ML1+4, Cis Trans Vinyl Catalyst organosulfur content 100° C.) Mw MWD (%) (%) (%) Ex. 8 Ni PCTP 0.2 40.5 281000 3.50 95.3 2.5 2.2 Ex. 9 Ni TCTP 0.5 37.0 275000 3.52 95.7 2.4 1.9 Ex. 10 Co PCTP 0.2 39.5 319000 3.15 95.5 2.4 2.1 Ex. 11 Co TCTP 0.5 38.0 275000 3.09 95.6 2.7 1.7 -
TABLE 3 Mooney Aromatic viscosity Aromatic organosulfur (ML1+4, Cis Trans Vinyl Catalyst organosulfur content 100° C.) Mw MWD (%) (%) (%) Ex. Li PCTP 0.2 50.5 251000 1.15 34.8 53.0 12.2 12 Ex. Li TCTP 0.5 45.5 225000 1.07 35.0 53.5 11.5 13 Li: n-BuLi - Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed for illustrative purposes, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications, additions and substitutions are possible, without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention as disclosed in the accompanying claims.
Claims (19)
R1—(NCO)n [Chemical Formula 3]
AXnR2 m [Chemical Formula 4]
AlR3 3 [Chemical Formula 5]
MR4 [Chemical Formula 6]
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JP2009144154A (en) | 2009-07-02 |
US8198378B2 (en) | 2012-06-12 |
CN101456928A (en) | 2009-06-17 |
KR20090062154A (en) | 2009-06-17 |
KR100970767B1 (en) | 2010-07-16 |
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