US20090180015A1

US20090180015A1 - Wide dynamic range pinned photodiode active pixel sensor (aps)

Info

Publication number: US20090180015A1
Application number: US12/347,618
Authority: US
Inventors: Junichi Nakamura
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2002-11-15
Filing date: 2008-12-31
Publication date: 2009-07-16
Also published as: US7489352B2; US20040096124A1

Abstract

An image apparatus and method is disclosed for extending the dynamic range of an image sensor. A first linear pixel circuit produces a first pixel output signal based on charge integration by a first photo-conversion device over a first integration period. A second linear pixel circuit produces a second pixel output signal based on charge integration by a second photo-conversion device over a second integration period, where the second integration period is shorter than the first integration period. A sample-and-hold circuit captures signals representing the first and second pixel output signals.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/294,686, filed Nov. 15, 2002, the disclosure of which is herewith incorporated by reference in its entirety.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to the pixel structure used in a CMOS active pixel array.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The dynamic range (DR) for an image sensor is commonly defined as the ratio of the largest nonsaturating signal to the standard deviation of noise under dark conditions. The quality of an image sensor is largely defined by its dynamic range—as it increases, the sensor can detect a wider range of illuminations and consequently produce images of greater detail and quality.
Several pixel architectures have been developed in an effort to produce good dynamic range. However, conventional pixel architectures are subject to one or more of the drawbacks of high photodiode dark current, thermal (kTC) noise, fixed light sensitivity ratio and charge leakage. Moreover, when logarithmic architectures are used to increase dynamic range, a more complicated color pixel processing is required.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides a pixel architecture which seeks to mitigate many of the noted drawbacks and employs a dual pixel pinned photodiode architecture operating in a dual charge integration. The two pixels enable a dual sensitivity pixel array in which one pixel functions to reproduce normal images, while the other pixel functions to reproduce images with high illumination levels. The dual charge integration mode and dual sensitivity, in combination, produce a pixel architecture having good dynamic range without having to resort to a logarithmic pixel architecture.
Various dual pixel, dual integration mode embodiments are provided together with associated operating methods. These and other features and advantages of the invention will be more closely described from the following detailed description provided in connection with the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of a pixel in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 2 is a timing diagram illustrating operation of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of a pixel circuit in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 4 is a timing diagram illustrating operation of the embodiment shown in FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a third embodiment of a pixel circuit in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 6 is a timing diagram illustrating operation of the FIG. 5 embodiment; and

FIG. 7 is a graph illustrating an example of signal transfer characteristics according with the present invention;

FIG. 8 is an example of pixel and on-chip microlens placement.

FIG. 9 is an example system according to an embodiment described herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

FIG. 1 illustrates a first embodiment of the present invention, wherein the circuit comprises an upper pixel circuit 130 and a lower pixel circuit 131. The upper pixel circuit is defined by pinned photodiode PPD1 (110), transfer transistor 100, floating diffusion node “A,” a capacitor 108 coupled to node “A”, source follower transistor 102 having a gate connected to node “A” and a row select transistor 103. The pixel circuit includes a reset transistor 101, which operates in response to a reset pulse signal φ_RSapplied to its gate. Row select transistor 103 is further coupled to the first of two column signal lines (COL. 1) and receives a row select pulse signal φ_RDat its gate. Transfer transistor 100 is responsive to a transfer pulse signal φ_T1applied to its gate to transfer charge from the pinned photodiode 110 to diffusion node “A.” The upper pixel circuit is operated to handle “normal” light conditions (i.e., from low light to medium light levels) and has high sensitivity characteristics by use of a longer integration time (T_INT1, FIG. 2). Capacitor 108 may be the parasitic capacitance of node “A” or a discrete capacitor.
The lower pixel circuit 131 is defined by pinned photodiode PPD2 (111), transfer transistor 107, floating diffusion node “B,” capacitor 109, coupled to node “B,” source follower transistor 105 having a gate connected to node “B” and a row select transistor 104. Pixel circuit 131 also includes reset transistor 106, having a gate which receives a reset pulse signal φ_RS. Row select transistor 104 is further coupled to the second of two column signal lines (COL. 2). Transfer transistor 107 is responsive to a transfer pulse signal φ_T2applied to its gate to transfer charge from pinned photodiode 111 to floating diffusion node “B.” The lower pixel circuit is operated to have a lower sensitivity to handle very high light levels by use of a shorter integration time T_INT2(FIG. 2). Capacitor 109 may be the parasitic capacitance of node “B” or a discrete capacitor.
Both column lines (COL. 1, COL. 2) are output to respective sample-and- hold circuits 120, 121 for obtaining respective pairs of an integrated pixel (V_SIG1, V_RST1) for pixel circuit 130, and (V_SIG2, V_RST2) for pixel circuit 131. With the 2-column signal line configuration shown in FIG. 1, common reset φ_RS, row select φ_RD, sample reset signal φ_SHRand sample integration pixel φ_SHScan be used for both pixels. An exemplary timing diagram disclosing operation of the circuit of FIG. 1, is illustrated in FIG. 2. The timing diagram illustrates the relationship between signals φ_RS, φ_T1, φ_T2, φ_RD, φ_SHR1, φ_SHS1, φ_SHR2, and φ_SHS2. An integration time shown in FIG. 2 corresponds to the period between the falling edge and the rising edge of transfer pulse φ_T. In the illustrated embodiment, the pixel signal integration time occurs during a frame time between horizontal blanking periods (H-BL) corresponding to a respective row.
Since signal charge accumulates on each pinned photodiode during the integration period (typically a few 10 s of a ms), and the time for the signal charge to stay on the floating diffusion is very short (a few μs during blank-out period H-BL), signal degradation due to leakage current is negligible. This is true even if the leakage current on the floating diffusion node is relatively large (assuming the leakage current of the pinned diode is sufficiently low). During the integration period, reset pulse φ_RSis turned ON so that the floating diffusion acts as a lateral overflow drain. When a Correlated Double Sampling (CDS) operation is used in which both reset (V_RST) and charge integration (V_SIG) signals are taken during the same image frame, little kTC noise appears with the proper pulse timing, and a very low dark current exists as a result.
Turning to FIG. 2, during the charge integration period (T_INT1for pixel 130, and T_INT2for pixel 131), electrons accumulate across the pinned photodiodes 110 and 111. As reset pulse signal φ_RSis brought high during the blanking period, it turns reset transistors 101 and 106 on and resets the floating diffusion nodes A and B in pixel circuits 130, 131 from any previous integration cycle. Thus, a potential on floating diffusion nodes A and B is set at V_RS.
After the reset signal φ_RSis returned to its initial low potential, the sample and hold circuitry (120, 121) briefly samples the potential of the floating diffusion nodes A and B. As can be seen from FIG. 2, φ_SHR1and φ_SHR2sample signals are pulsed concurrently.
As shown in FIG. 2, the integration period T_INT1for pixel 130 begins first when the transfer gate signal φ_T1is low. During integration period T_INT1, charge is accumulated by photodiode 110. The integration period T_INT2for pixel 131 begins after that of pixel 130 when transfer signal φ_T2goes low. During integration period T_INT2charge is accumulated by photodiode 111. Then, transfer pulses φ_T1and φ_T2are turned on and the charge stored on pinned photodiodes are transferred to the floating diffusion nodes (110→A, 111→B). After the transfer pulses φ_T1and φ_T2are returned to their initial low potential, the sample and hold circuitry (120, 121) briefly samples the potential of the floating diffusion nodes A and B. As can be seen from FIG. 2, φ_SHS1and φ_SHS2sample signals are pulsed concurrently. Once the sample signals V_SIG1, V_SIG2are obtained, the pixel circuits 130, 131 are ready to begin a charge integration period.
FIG. 3 illustrates a second embodiment of the present invention, wherein one column signal line (310) is being used to output the signals from two pixels 320, 321. The circuit of FIG. 3 obtains two sets of output signals (V_RST1, V_SIG1; V_RST2, V_SIG2), and the charge transfer operation for the two pixels is performed sequentially (as shown by the timing diagram in FIG. 4).
The upper pixel circuit 320 of the pixel configuration includes a transfer transistor 300, having a source coupled to pinned photodiode PPD1 307, a drain coupled to floating diffusion node “A,” a capacitor 305 having one terminal coupled to diffusion node “A” and to the drain of transfer transistor 300 and another terminal coupled to ground. An anode of pinned photodiode 307 is also coupled to ground. The gate of transfer transistor 300 receives transfer control signal φ_T1. Reset transistor 301 is coupled to both the upper and lower pixel circuits 320, 321 at node “A”, and is triggered by reset pulse signal φ_RS. The upper pixel circuit 320 is operated to handle normal light conditions, and is set to have high sensitivity characteristics by use of a longer integration time T_INT1(FIG. 4). Capacitor 305 may be the parasitic capacitance of node “A” or a discrete capacitor.
The lower pixel circuit 321 includes transfer transistor 304, having a source coupled to pinned photodiode PPD2 (308), and a drain coupled to floating diffusion node “A”. The pinned photodiode 308 is also coupled to ground. The gate of transfer transistor 304 receives transfer control signal φ_T2. The lower pixel circuit 321 is operated to have lower light sensitivity to handle very high light levels by use of a shorter integration time T_INT2(FIG. 4).
The upper pixel and lower pixel circuits 320, 321 output respective reset signals (V_RST1, V_RST2) and integration signals (V_SIG1, V_SIG2) to a source follower transistor 302, which is further coupled to row select switch 303. The gate of row select switch 303 is coupled a row select pulse signal φ_RD, and the source of switch 303 is coupled to the column signal line (COL). The column signal line outputs the signals V_SIG1, V_SIG2, as well as reset signals V_RST1, V_RST2.
An exemplary timing diagram depicting operation of the circuit in FIG. 3 is shown in FIG. 4. The sample and hold circuit 330 for the FIG. 3 embodiment operates in response to applied sample signals φ_SHR1, φ_SHS1, φ_SHR2, and φ_SHS2to sample and hold the pixel signal V_RST1, V_SIG1, V_RST2and V_SIG2. Similar to the timing diagram in FIG. 2, the two integration times T_INT1(long) and T_INT2(short) are respectively set by the transfer pulse signals φ_T1, φ_T2.
Starting with reset, the floating node “A” is twice reset during the horizontal blanking period (H-BL) by the two pulse signals φ_RS, which turn on reset transistor 301. The row select signal φ_RDturns on row select transistor 303 during the entire blanking period. The reset voltage V_RST2of pixel 321 is sampled by applying the φ_SHR2signal to sample and hold circuit 330. Then the transfer pulse for the lower pixel circuit φ_T2turns on and the charge stored on the pinned photodiode 308 is transferred to the node “A”. When the integration period T_INT2ends by signal φ_T2returning high and transferring charge to node “A,” the integration charge signal V_SIG2is sampled and held by sample and hold circuit 330 in response to sample signal φ_SHS2. After V_SIG2is sampled and held, the reset pulse is again turned on, thereby clearing the charge on the floating diffusion node “A”. The reset voltage V_RST1of pixel 320 is sampled by applying the φ_SHR1signal to sample and hold circuit 330. Then the transfer pulse for the upper pixel circuit φ_T1turns on and the charge stored on the pinned photodiode 307 is transferred to the node “A”. When the integration period T_INT1ends by signal φ_T1returning high and transferring charge to node “A,” the integration charge signal V_SIG1is sampled and held by sample and hold circuit 330 in response to sample signal φ_SHS1. Charge integration for pixel 320 begins when transfer signal φ_T1goes low to begin the longer integration period T_INT1, while charge integration for pixel 321 begins when transfer signal φ_T2goes low sometime in the frame time to begin the shorter integration period T_INT2. Thus, a single column line (COL) and sample and hold circuit 330 can be used for the two pixel circuits 320, 321 to provide the pixel signals V_RST1, V_SIG1, and V_RST2, V_SIG2.
A third embodiment of the present invention is illustrated in FIG. 5, where the circuit comprises an upper and lower pixel circuits 520, 521, with the upper pixel circuit 520 including pinned photodiode PPD1 (510), transfer transistor 502, coupled between the photodiode 510 and floating diffusion node FD1, and the capacitor 507 having one terminal connected to floating diffusion node FD1 and another terminal coupled to ground, reset transistor 500 coupled between a reset voltage V_RSand node FD1, and capacitor 506 having one terminal coupled to capacitor 507 and the terminal coupled to a floating gate line 560 shared with lower pixel circuit 521. The reset transistor 500 receives a reset control signal φ_RSat its gate. The upper pixel circuit 520 provides an output on line 560 coupled to transistor 501 which has one side connected to voltage V_RFGand another side connected to common floating gate line 560. The gate of transistor 501 receives a control signal φ_RFG.
The lower pixel circuit includes pinned photodiode PPD2 (511), transfer transistor 505, coupled between the photodiode 511 and floating diffusion node FD2, a capacitor 509 having one terminal connected to node FD2 and another terminal connected to ground, reset transistor 504 coupled between a reset voltage V_RSand node FD2, a capacitor 508 having one terminal connected to node FD2 and another terminal connected to floating gate line 560. Reset transistor 504 also has a gate connected to reset control signal φ_RS. Transfer transistors 502 and 505 are respectively controlled by transfer control signals φ_T1and φ_T2.
In the third embodiment, the two pinned photodiodes (510, 511) accumulate signal charge during the integration times T_INT1and T_INT2respectively. Then, during the horizontal blanking period (H-BL), the accumulated charges at the photodiodes 510, 511 are transferred to the floating diffusion nodes (“FD1”, “FD2”) respectively, wherein the signal voltages are added at the gate of transistor 503 (node V_FG) and sampled and held by sample signal φ_SHS. The diffusion regions FD1 and FD2 are reset by respective reset transistors 500 and 504, which have their gates commonly connected to receive reset control signal φ_RS. The reset signals from the two pixels are combined at the gate of the transistor 503 and sampled and held by sample signal φ_SHR. Voltages at the V_FGnode and FD1 and FD2 nodes are summarized in Table 1, shown below. The table shows the on/off states of the timing signals of FIG. 6, and five different operational states denoted by signal subscripts 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 for pixel circuits 520 (i=1) and 521 (i=2).

TABLE 1

V_FGand V_{FD, i}(i = 1, 2)

Timing	V_FG	V_{FD, i}

φ_RS= ON	φ_RFG= ON	V_FG _—0 = V_RFG	V_{FD, i} _—0 = V_RS
φ_RS= ON	φ_RFG= OFF	V _FG _—1 = V_RFG+	V _{FD, i} _—1 = V_RS
		v_{kTC, FG}
φ_RS= OFF	φ_RFG= OFF	V _FG _—2 = V_FG1+	V _{FD, i} _—2 = V_RS+
		α · (v_{kTC, FD1}) +	v_{kTC, FD, i}
		β · (v_{kTC, FD2})
φ_T1= ON	φ_T2= ON	V_FG _—3 = V _FG _—2 +	V_{FD, i} _—3 = V _{FD, i} _—2 +
		α · V_sig1+ β · V_sig2	V_{sig, i}
φ_T1= OFF	φ_T2= OFF	V_FG _—4 = V_FG _—3	V_{FD, i} _—4 = V_{FD, i} _—3

During a first operational state (phase 0), the floating diffusion nodes FD1 and FD2 are reset at V_RS, while the floating gate line is reset at V_RFG. During a second operational state (phase 1) the pulse φ_RFGis turned off, and the kTC noise, v_kTC,FG, appears on the floating gate line. During a third operational state (phase 2), the reset pulse φ_RSis turned off, and the kTC noise, v_kTC,FD,i, appears on the floating diffusion nodes FD1 and FD2. At this moment, these kTC noise voltages, v_kTC,FD,1, and v_kTC,FD,2, affect the floating gate line potential through coupling capacitors 506 and 508, and the resulting floating gate potential is shown in the third row of Table 1. This floating gate potential is sampled and held by pulsing the reset sampling pulse φ_SHR.
During a fourth operational state (phase 3), transfer pulses φ_T1and φ_T2are turned on and the signal charge stored on the photodiodes are transferred to the floating diffusion nodes (510→FD1, 511→FD2). As a result, the floating diffusion potential becomes V_FD,i _— ₃=V_FD,i _— ₂+V_sig,i. These potentials again affect the floating gate potential through coupling capacitors 506 and 508, and the resulting floating gate potential is shown in the fourth row of Table 1. This floating gate potential is sampled and held by pulsing the signal sampling pulse φ_SHS.
During a fifth operational state (phase 4), no change occurs from the state in phase 3. During the integration period, φ_RSis preferably set at high so that the floating diffusion nodes act as lateral overflow drains. Also, the pulse φ_RFGis set high with V_RFGbeing set below the threshold voltage of the source follower transistor 503, so that a row select transistor, which is used in the 1^stand 2^ndembodiments, can be eliminated.
The sample-and-hold pulses (φ_SHRand φ_SHS) sample the reset level (corresponds to V_FG _— ₂) and the signal level (corresponds to V_FG _— ₃or V_FG _— ₄), respectively. The output voltage of the CDS circuit is given by:
V _OUT _— _CDS∝(V _FG _— ₄ −V _FG _— ₂)=α·V _sig1 +β·V _sig2 (1)
which calculates a weighted-sum operation, and where α and β are characterized by:
$\begin{matrix} α = \frac{C_{C 1}}{C_{C 1} + C_{C 2} C_{G}} & (2) \\ β = \frac{C_{C 2}}{C_{C 1} + C_{C 2} + C_{G}} & (3) \end{matrix}$
where capacitors C_C1and C_C2are illustrated as capacitors 506 and 508, respectively and C_Gis the parasitic capacitance between the floating gate (i.e., the node at which V_FGaccumulates) and the substrate.
V_sig1and V_sig2are given by:
$\begin{matrix} V_{sig, i} = \frac{ \cdot N_{sig, i}}{C_{FD, i}} & (4) \end{matrix}$
Where i=(1,2) for pixel circuit 520 and 521 respectively, C_FD,irepresent the capacitance of capacitors 507 or 509, and N_sig,irepresents the signal electrons accumulated on the pinned photodiode 510 or 511.
As is shown in Table 1, by employing proper timing, a correlated double sampling (CDS) sample and hold circuit 530 on a column line eliminates the kTC noise from transistors 500, 504 and 501. In order to obtain the same saturation voltage, the photodiode size and the floating diffusion size can be set as
$\begin{matrix} \frac{A_{PPD 1}}{C_{FD 1}} = \frac{A_{PPD 2}}{C_{FD 2}} & (5) \end{matrix}$
where C_FD1and C_FD2represent the capacitance of the floating diffusion 510 and 511 and A_PPD1and A_PPD2are the light sensitive area of the photodiodes 510 and 511.
For example, assuming that C_FD1/C_FD2=4, A_PPD1/A_PPD2=4, T_INT1=16 ms and T_INT2=160 μs (see FIG. 6), the ratio of sensitivities will be 100 (+40 dB). An example of the output transfer characteristic of the FIG. 5 embodiment is illustrated in FIG. 7. When the relationship of equation (5) holds, the graph in FIG. 7 discloses the correlation among signals V_out, V_sig1and V_sig2, as described above. Since the floating gate node 560 can be set at a voltage below the threshold of the source follower transistor 503 during the integration period, a row select transistor can be removed from the circuitry (FIG. 5). In the first and second embodiments, two sets of output images for a pixel are obtained for the two pixel pairs. In the embodiment in FIGS. 5-6, one output signal set V_FG _— ₄, V_FG _— ₂is obtained having reset components of both pixels (V_FG _— ₂) and pixel signal component of both pixels (V_FG _— ₄) with linearly kneed characteristics (FIG. 7).
When an on-chip microlens array as shown in FIG. 8 is used, it is possible to further increase the dynamic range of an imager containing pixels constructed in accordance with the invention. FIG. 8 provides an example of an on-chip microlens placement. Under the configuration shown, most of the incident light passing through the lens (801) array of a unit pixeL; 800 is focused onto PPD1 802, the photodiode having the longer integration time in each of the embodiments described above, while the remaining incident light is unfocused and passed to photodiode PPD2 803, having the shorter integration time. The increased effective area of PPD1 (A_PPD1) would further extend the dynamic range.
A typical processor based system that includes a CMOS imager device according to the present invention is illustrated generally in FIG. 9. A processor based system is exemplary of a system having digital circuits that could include CMOS imager devices. Without being limiting, such a system could include a computer system, camera system, scanner, machine vision system, vehicle navigation system, video telephone, surveillance system, auto focus system, star tracker system, motion detection system, image stabilization system and data compression system for high-definition television, all of which can utilize the present invention.
A processor system, such as a computer system, for example generally comprises a central processing unit (CPU) 944 that communicates with an input/output (I/O) device 946 over a bus 952. The CMOS imager 910 also communicates with the system over bus 952. The computer system 900 also includes random access memory (RAM) 948, and, in the case of a computer system may include peripheral devices such as a floppy disk drive 954 and a compact disk (CD) ROM drive 956 which also communicate with CPU 944 over the bus 952. As described above, CMOS imager 910 is combined with a pipelined JPEG compression module in a single integrated circuit.
As can be seen in the embodiments described herein, the present invention encompasses a unique two pixel structure that employs pinned photodiodes to provide extended dynamic ranges for imaging circuits. By using dual sensitivity and dual integration time techniques in the circuitry along with the pinned photodiodes, the dynamic range can effectively be extended without experiencing excessive noise. Accordingly, image sensors employing this circuit and method can detect a wider range of illuminations and consequently produce images of greater detail and quality.
It should again be noted that although the invention has been described with specific reference to CMOS imaging devices, the invention has broader applicability and may be used in any imaging apparatus. The above description and drawings illustrate preferred embodiments of the present invention. It is not intended that the present invention be limited to the illustrated embodiments. Any modification of the present invention that comes within the spirit and scope of the following claims should be considered part of the present invention.

Claims

1. An imaging apparatus, comprising:

a first pixel circuit, comprising a first transfer pulse line, coupled to a gate of a first transfer transistor, wherein first transfer transistor transfers charge from a first photodiode to a first floating diffusion node, and wherein said first floating diffusion node is further coupled to a gate of a first source-follower transistor;

a second pixel circuit, comprising a second transfer pulse line, coupled to a gate of a second transfer transistor, wherein second transfer transistor transfers integrated charge from a second photodiode and to a second floating diffusion node, and wherein said second floating diffusion node is further coupled to a gate of a second source-follower transistor;

a reset pulse line, connected to the gate of a first and second reset transistor, wherein the first reset transistor is coupled to reset the first floating diffusion node to a predetermined voltage state, and the second reset transistor is coupled to reset the second floating diffusion node to a predetermined voltage state; and

a first and second row-select transistor, respectively coupled to the first and second source-follower transistors for respectively coupling said first and second source follower transistors to a first column signal line and a second column signal line, said first transfer pulse line receiving a signal which operates said first photodiode to integrate charge for a first time period and said second transfer pulse line receiving a signal which operates said second photodiode to integrate charge for a second time period different from said first time period.

2. The apparatus according to claims 1, wherein the first and second photodiodes are pinned photodiodes.

3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the pinned photodiodes are coupled to ground.

4. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a first capacitor coupled to a first floating diffusion node and a second capacitor coupled to the second floating diffusion node.

5. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the first and second capacitors are further coupled to ground.

6-10. (canceled)

11. An apparatus as in claim 1, further comprising an output transistor having a gate connected to receive said signals representing said first and second pixel output signals for providing a combined pixel output to said column line.

12. An apparatus as in claim 11, wherein said sample-and-hold circuit is coupled to said common column line and captures said combined pixel output signal.

13. An apparatus as in claim 1, wherein each of said first and second pixel circuits comprise a transfer transistor for transferring charge integrated by an associated photo-conversion device to an associated diffusion node.

14. An apparatus as in claim 13, wherein the transfer transistor of said first and second pixel circuit have respective gates for receiving respective transfer control signals which set the integration time for each pixel circuit.

15. An apparatus as in claim 1, wherein each said pixel circuit comprises:

a pinned photodiode as said photo-conversion device;

a diffusion node;

a transfer device, for transferring integrated charge from said photodiode to said diffusion node;

a reset device for resetting said diffusion node to a known state before said charge transfer; and

an output transistor having a gate connected to said diffusion node.

16. An apparatus as in claim 15, wherein each of said pixel circuits further comprises a row select transistor for selectively coupling an associated output transistor to a respective pixel output line, said sample and hold circuit having input portions respectively coupled to said pixel output line.

17. An apparatus as in claim 16, wherein the gates of said row select transistors are coupled together such that said signal representing said first and second pixel output signals are respectively output from said first and second pixel circuit to said respective output line.

18. A method for operating an image apparatus, comprising:

producing a first pixel output signal based on charge integration by a first photo-conversion device over a first integration period;

producing a second pixel output signal based on charge integration by a second photo-conversion device over a second integration period, wherein second integration period is shorter than the first integration period; and

capturing signals representing said first and second pixel output signals.

19. A method as in claim 18, further comprising respectively transmitting said first and second pixel output signals to a first and second column line.

20. A method as in claim 19, wherein said act of capturing comprises capturing said first and second pixel output signals from said first and second column line.

21. A method as in claim 18, further comprising transmitting said first and second pixel output signals to a common column line.

22. A method as in claim 21, wherein said act of capturing comprises capturing said signals representing said first and second pixel output signals sequentially from said common line.

23-27. (canceled)

28. An imaging apparatus, comprising:

a first pixel circuit, comprising a first transfer pulse line, coupled to a gate of a first transfer transistor, wherein first transfer transistor transfers charge from a first photodiode to a first floating diffusion node, and wherein said first floating diffusion node is further coupled to a first reset transistor, a first capacitor, and a second capacitor, said second capacitor being coupled to a common floating gate line;

a second pixel circuit, comprising a second transfer pulse line, coupled to a gate of a first transfer transistor, wherein first transfer transistor transfers charge from a second photodiode to a second floating diffusion node, and wherein said second floating diffusion node is further coupled to a second reset transistor, a third capacitor, and a fourth capacitor, said fourth capacitor being coupled to the common floating gate line;

a reset pulse line, connected to the gates of the first and second reset transistor, wherein the first and second reset transistors are coupled to respectively reset the first and second floating diffusion node to a predetermined voltage state;

a floating gate pulse line, connected to a floating gate transistor, wherein the floating gate transistor is further coupled to the common floating gate line; and

a source-follower transistor, coupled to the common floating gate line for respectively coupling said first and second pixel circuits to a column signal line, said first transfer pulse line receiving a signal which operates said first photodiode to integrate charge for a first time period and said second transfer pulse line receiving a signal which operates said second photodiode to integrate charge for a second time period different from said first time period.

29. The apparatus according to claim 28, wherein the first and second photodiodes are pinned photodiodes.

30. The apparatus according to claim 29, wherein the pinned photodiodes are coupled to ground.

31. The apparatus according to claim 28, wherein a first thermal noise (kTC) voltage is transmitted and added to the floating gate line potential when the floating gate transistor is initially turned off.

32. The apparatus according to claim 31, wherein a second thermal noise (kTC) voltage is transmitted and added to the first and second floating diffusion node voltages when the first and second reset transistors are turned off, and wherein the first and second thermal noise voltages are added to a floating gate voltage present on the floating gate line to form a summed floating gate voltage.

33. The apparatus according to claim 32, wherein the summed floating gate voltage is sampled by a sample-and-hold circuit.

34. The apparatus according to claim 32, wherein the transferred charge from the first and second photodiode is added to the summed floating gate voltage.

35. The apparatus according to claim 28, wherein a floating gate threshold voltage is applied to the floating gate transistor.

36. The apparatus according to claim 35, wherein a source-follower threshold voltage is applied to the source-follower transistor.

37. The apparatus according to claim 36, wherein the floating gate threshold voltage is lower than the source-follower threshold voltage.

38. A processing system, comprising:

a processor; and

a CMOS imaging device, coupled to said processor, said imaging device comprising:

39. The system according to claims 38, wherein the first and second photodiodes are pinned photodiodes.

40. The system according to claim 39, wherein the pinned photodiodes are coupled to ground.

41. The system according to claim 38, further comprising a first capacitor coupled to a first floating diffusion node and a second capacitor coupled to the second floating diffusion node.

42. The system according to claim 41, wherein the first and second capacitors are further coupled to ground.

43. A processing system, comprising:

a processor; and

a first linear pixel circuit for producing a first pixel output signal based on charge integration by a first photo-conversion device over a first integration period;

a second linear pixel circuit for producing a second pixel output signal based on charge integration by a second photo-conversion device over a second integration period, wherein second integration period is shorter than the first integration period; and

a sample-and-hold circuit for capturing signals representing said first and second pixel output signals.

44. An system as in claim 43, further comprising first and second column lines, respectively coupled to receive said signals representing said first and second pixel output signals.

45. An system as in claim 44, wherein said sample-and-hold circuit comprises a first sample-and-hold circuit portion coupled to said first column line for capturing said signal representing said first pixel output signal and a second sample-and-hold circuit portion coupled to said second column line capturing said signal representing said second pixel output signal.

46. An system as in claim 43, further comprising a column line commonly connected to receive said signal representing said first and second pixel output signals.

47. An system as in claim 46, wherein said sample-and-hold circuit is coupled to said common column line and sequentially captures said signals representing said first and second pixel output signals.

48. An system as in claim 46, further comprising an output transistor having a gate connected to receive said signals representing said first and second pixel output signals for providing a combined pixel output to said column line.

49. An system as in claim 48, wherein said sample-and-hold circuit is coupled to said common column line and captures said combined pixel output signal.

50. An system as in claim 43, wherein each of said first and second pixel circuits comprise a transfer transistor for transferring charge integrated by an associated photo-conversion device to an associated diffusion node.

51. A system as in claim 50, wherein the transfer transistor of said first and second pixel circuit have respective gates for receiving respective transfer control signals which set the integration time for each pixel circuit.