US20090181599A1 - Garment with altered stress profile - Google Patents
Garment with altered stress profile Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20090181599A1 US20090181599A1 US12/354,030 US35403009A US2009181599A1 US 20090181599 A1 US20090181599 A1 US 20090181599A1 US 35403009 A US35403009 A US 35403009A US 2009181599 A1 US2009181599 A1 US 2009181599A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- fabric
- article
- film
- polymeric film
- garment
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 139
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 94
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 89
- 229920003226 polyurethane urea Polymers 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 210000000481 breast Anatomy 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006264 polyurethane film Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 abstract description 71
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 53
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 32
- -1 diol compound Chemical class 0.000 description 27
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 26
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 22
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 17
- UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- PSGAAPLEWMOORI-PEINSRQWSA-N medroxyprogesterone acetate Chemical compound C([C@@]12C)CC(=O)C=C1[C@@H](C)C[C@@H]1[C@@H]2CC[C@]2(C)[C@@](OC(C)=O)(C(C)=O)CC[C@H]21 PSGAAPLEWMOORI-PEINSRQWSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229920000909 polytetrahydrofuran Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 9
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 7
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920003009 polyurethane dispersion Polymers 0.000 description 7
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 239000002981 blocking agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- GHLKSLMMWAKNBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane-1,12-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCCCCCO GHLKSLMMWAKNBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004383 yellowing Methods 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-VKHMYHEASA-N (+)-propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 3
- YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-propanediol Substances OCCCO YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ALVZNPYWJMLXKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,9-Nonanediol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCCO ALVZNPYWJMLXKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SXFJDZNJHVPHPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylpentane-1,5-diol Chemical compound OCCC(C)CCO SXFJDZNJHVPHPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SJRJJKPEHAURKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylmorpholine Chemical compound CN1CCOCC1 SJRJJKPEHAURKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001588 bifunctional effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- FOTKYAAJKYLFFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane-1,10-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCCCO FOTKYAAJKYLFFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylamine Chemical compound CCNCC HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- XPFVYQJUAUNWIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfuryl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CO1 XPFVYQJUAUNWIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SXCBDZAEHILGLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptane-1,7-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCO SXCBDZAEHILGLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- OEIJHBUUFURJLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane-1,8-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCO OEIJHBUUFURJLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000012643 polycondensation polymerization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920005906 polyester polyol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000166 polytrimethylene carbonate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940080264 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (±)-α-Tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Octanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RKMGAJGJIURJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine Chemical compound CC1(C)CCCC(C)(C)N1 RKMGAJGJIURJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000144927 Aloe barbadensis Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000002961 Aloe barbadensis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920006309 Invista Polymers 0.000 description 2
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) Chemical compound CCN(C(C)C)C(C)C JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002334 Spandex Polymers 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000001015 abdomen Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000011399 aloe vera Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 2
- RYYVLZVUVIJVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caffeine Chemical compound CN1C(=O)N(C)C(=O)C2=C1N=CN2C RYYVLZVUVIJVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000701 coagulant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004427 diamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004815 dispersion polymer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004399 eye closure Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCO ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCN NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTBJSRPRFRBLIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diol;pentane-1,5-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCO.OCCCCCCO XTBJSRPRFRBLIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004029 hydroxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- JCNLHDHXQVZQAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanatocycloheptane Chemical compound O=C=NC1CCCCCC1 JCNLHDHXQVZQAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- KPSSIOMAKSHJJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl alcohol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CO KPSSIOMAKSHJJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 2
- GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- WLJVNTCWHIRURA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pimelic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCC(O)=O WLJVNTCWHIRURA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- KIDHWZJUCRJVML-UHFFFAOYSA-N putrescine Chemical compound NCCCCN KIDHWZJUCRJVML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006254 rheological additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007151 ring opening polymerisation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004759 spandex Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N suberic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCC(O)=O TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- FRGPKMWIYVTFIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(3-isocyanatopropyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCN=C=O FRGPKMWIYVTFIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc nitrate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N (-)-Nicotine Chemical compound CN1CCC[C@H]1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 description 1
- TWYIPMITVXPNEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione Chemical compound OCCN1C(=O)CCC1=O TWYIPMITVXPNEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZVEMLYIXBCTVOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-isocyanatopropan-2-yl)-3-prop-1-en-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC(C(C)(C)N=C=O)=C1 ZVEMLYIXBCTVOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZFPGARUNNKGOBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone Chemical compound CCN1CCCC1=O ZFPGARUNNKGOBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FUWDFGKRNIDKAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butoxypropan-2-yl acetate Chemical compound CCCCOCC(C)OC(C)=O FUWDFGKRNIDKAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BCMYXYHEMGPZJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-2-isocyanatoethane Chemical compound ClCCN=C=O BCMYXYHEMGPZJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RQAVSDINDRNIKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-3-isocyanatopropane Chemical compound ClCCCN=C=O RQAVSDINDRNIKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MKMMDUNWJMDPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-6-isocyanatohexane Chemical compound ClCCCCCCN=C=O MKMMDUNWJMDPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNXWPUCNFMVBBK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-dodecylpyridin-1-ium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1 PNXWPUCNFMVBBK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VDVDIOHQFKXVFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-isocyanato-2-methylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1CCCCC1N=C=O VDVDIOHQFKXVFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UJVPXDHXSWWVTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-isocyanato-3-methylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1CCCC(N=C=O)C1 UJVPXDHXSWWVTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SWSXEZOUBBVKCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-isocyanato-4-methylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1CCC(N=C=O)CC1 SWSXEZOUBBVKCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XFEWMFDVBLLXFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-isocyanatodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCN=C=O XFEWMFDVBLLXFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YIDSTEJLDQMWBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-isocyanatododecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCN=C=O YIDSTEJLDQMWBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JJSCUXAFAJEQGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-isocyanatoethylbenzene Chemical compound O=C=NC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 JJSCUXAFAJEQGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DLGUAUVHTOCKTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-isocyanatononane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCN=C=O DLGUAUVHTOCKTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QWDQYHPOSSHSAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-isocyanatooctadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN=C=O QWDQYHPOSSHSAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DYQFCTCUULUMTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-isocyanatooctane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN=C=O DYQFCTCUULUMTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VRVUKQWNRPNACD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-isocyanatopentane Chemical compound CCCCCN=C=O VRVUKQWNRPNACD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CSMJMAQKBKGDQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-isocyanatotetradecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCN=C=O CSMJMAQKBKGDQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfonylpiperidin-4-one Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)N1CCC(=O)CC1 RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DDHUNHGZUHZNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethylpropane-1,3-diamine Chemical compound NCC(C)(C)CN DDHUNHGZUHZNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKFDCBRMNNSAAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethanol Chemical compound OCCN1CCOCC1 KKFDCBRMNNSAAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCUZVMHXDRSBKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-decylpropanedioic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC(C(O)=O)C(O)=O HCUZVMHXDRSBKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFSVOASYOCHEOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-diethylaminoethanol Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCO BFSVOASYOCHEOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GSLTVFIVJMCNBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-isocyanatopropane Chemical compound CC(C)N=C=O GSLTVFIVJMCNBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DYBMSPUUEUODIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-isocyanatoundecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(C)N=C=O DYBMSPUUEUODIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZWXQPERWRDHCMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-n-propan-2-ylpropan-2-amine Chemical compound CC(C)NC(C)(C)C ZWXQPERWRDHCMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JZUHIOJYCPIVLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpentane-1,5-diamine Chemical compound NCC(C)CCCN JZUHIOJYCPIVLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HACRKYQRZABURO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylethyl isocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NCCC1=CC=CC=C1 HACRKYQRZABURO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LDSQQXKSEFZAPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-piperidin-4-ylethanol Chemical compound OCCC1CCNCC1 LDSQQXKSEFZAPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WMRCTEPOPAZMMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-undecylpropanedioic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(C(O)=O)C(O)=O WMRCTEPOPAZMMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RNLHGQLZWXBQNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(aminomethyl)-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexan-1-amine Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N)CC(C)(CN)C1 RNLHGQLZWXBQNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BHDCTKUOBUNTTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(isocyanatomethyl)heptane Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CN=C=O BHDCTKUOBUNTTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LJPCNSSTRWGCMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methyloxolane Chemical compound CC1CCOC1 LJPCNSSTRWGCMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VATRWWPJWVCZTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-oxo-n-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]butanamide Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1C(F)(F)F VATRWWPJWVCZTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DZIHTWJGPDVSGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[(4-aminocyclohexyl)methyl]cyclohexan-1-amine Chemical compound C1CC(N)CCC1CC1CCC(N)CC1 DZIHTWJGPDVSGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZHJGWYRLJUCMRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-[6-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]benzimidazol-1-yl]-3-[1-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy]thiophene-2-carboxamide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=C(C(F)(F)F)C=1C(C)OC(=C(S1)C(N)=O)C=C1N(C1=C2)C=NC1=CC=C2CN1CCN(C)CC1 ZHJGWYRLJUCMRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaminophen Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000236521 Bupleurum rotundifolium Species 0.000 description 1
- GAWIXWVDTYZWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N C[CH]O Chemical group C[CH]O GAWIXWVDTYZWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000004970 Chain extender Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBPCUCUWBYBCDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dicyclohexylamine Chemical compound C1CCCCC1NC1CCCCC1 XBPCUCUWBYBCDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001174 Diethylhydroxylamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000227647 Fucus vesiculosus Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004831 Hot glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004354 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000663 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxylamine Chemical group ON AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 206010021639 Incontinence Diseases 0.000 description 1
- LPHGQDQBBGAPDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isocaffeine Natural products CN1C(=O)N(C)C(=O)C2=C1N(C)C=N2 LPHGQDQBBGAPDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001730 Moisture cure polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UEEJHVSXFDXPFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-dimethylaminoethanol Chemical compound CN(C)CCO UEEJHVSXFDXPFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ALQSHHUCVQOPAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane-1,5-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCO ALQSHHUCVQOPAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosgene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)=O YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002176 Pluracol® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical class [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004820 Pressure-sensitive adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000162337 Stolas Species 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000677635 Tuxedo Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000012963 UV stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930003427 Vitamin E Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000001089 [(2R)-oxolan-2-yl]methanol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006397 acrylic thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002318 adhesion promoter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002313 adhesive film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002998 adhesive polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous glutaric acid Natural products OC(=O)CCCC(O)=O JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003254 anti-foaming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004599 antimicrobial Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019568 aromas Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- JKJWYKGYGWOAHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(prop-2-enyl) carbonate Chemical compound C=CCOC(=O)OCC=C JKJWYKGYGWOAHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- RMZSOGJUEUFCBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2-isocyanatoacetate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)CN=C=O RMZSOGJUEUFCBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001948 caffeine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VJEONQKOZGKCAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N caffeine Natural products CN1C(=O)N(C)C(=O)C2=C1C=CN2C VJEONQKOZGKCAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001010 compromised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002482 conductive additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012936 correction and preventive action Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- SSJXIUAHEKJCMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound NC1CCCCC1N SSJXIUAHEKJCMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VKIRRGRTJUUZHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,4-diamine Chemical compound NC1CCC(N)CC1 VKIRRGRTJUUZHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanol Chemical compound OC1CCCCC1 HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KQWGXHWJMSMDJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexyl isocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NC1CCCCC1 KQWGXHWJMSMDJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VSSAZBXXNIABDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexylmethanol Chemical compound OCC1CCCCC1 VSSAZBXXNIABDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013530 defoamer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005265 dialkylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FVCOIAYSJZGECG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylhydroxylamine Chemical compound CCN(O)CC FVCOIAYSJZGECG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UAOMVDZJSHZZME-UHFFFAOYSA-N diisopropylamine Chemical compound CC(C)NC(C)C UAOMVDZJSHZZME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009189 diving Effects 0.000 description 1
- QFTYSVGGYOXFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane-1,12-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCCCCCCCN QFTYSVGGYOXFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- XBSGYVHOINMTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 3-isocyanatopropanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CCN=C=O XBSGYVHOINMTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCLBSYCOBSMTMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 6-isocyanatohexanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CCCCCN=C=O ZCLBSYCOBSMTMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-tocopherol Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC1CCC2C(C)C(O)C(C)C(C)C2O1 WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004209 hair Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000009957 hemming Methods 0.000 description 1
- XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCO XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- ANJPRQPHZGHVQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexyl isocyanate Chemical compound CCCCCCN=C=O ANJPRQPHZGHVQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012943 hotmelt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940071826 hydroxyethyl cellulose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000077 insect repellent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- QYKPRMWZTPVYJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanatocyclooctane Chemical compound O=C=NC1CCCCCCC1 QYKPRMWZTPVYJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YDNLNVZZTACNJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanatomethylbenzene Chemical compound O=C=NCC1=CC=CC=C1 YDNLNVZZTACNJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DUDXQIXWPJMPRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanatomethylcyclohexane Chemical compound O=C=NCC1CCCCC1 DUDXQIXWPJMPRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000003127 knee Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002414 leg Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- UEGPKNKPLBYCNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium acetate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O UEGPKNKPLBYCNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011654 magnesium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011285 magnesium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940069446 magnesium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZQGJEUVBUVKZKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,2-dimethylpropan-2-amine Chemical compound CNC(C)(C)C ZQGJEUVBUVKZKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DLSOILHAKCBARI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-benzyl-2-methylpropan-2-amine Chemical compound CC(C)(C)NCC1=CC=CC=C1 DLSOILHAKCBARI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GNVRJGIVDSQCOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethyl-n-methylethanamine Chemical compound CCN(C)CC GNVRJGIVDSQCOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AGVKXDPPPSLISR-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethylcyclohexanamine Chemical compound CCNC1CCCCC1 AGVKXDPPPSLISR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XCVNDBIXFPGMIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCNCC XCVNDBIXFPGMIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RIVIDPPYRINTTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethylpropan-2-amine Chemical compound CCNC(C)C RIVIDPPYRINTTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UYYCVBASZNFFRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-propan-2-ylcyclohexanamine Chemical compound CC(C)NC1CCCCC1 UYYCVBASZNFFRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002715 nicotine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nicotine Natural products CN1CCCC1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000847 nonoxynol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonylphenol Chemical class CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012766 organic filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- AHHWIHXENZJRFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxetane Chemical compound C1COC1 AHHWIHXENZJRFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012782 phase change material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DGTNSSLYPYDJGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl isocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NC1=CC=CC=C1 DGTNSSLYPYDJGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N phenyl(114C)methanol Chemical compound O[14CH2]C1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000083 poly(allylamine) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000962 poly(amidoamine) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005672 polyolefin resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000011118 potassium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035935 pregnancy Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003138 primary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- YGSFNCRAZOCNDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-one Chemical compound CC(C)=O.CC(C)=O YGSFNCRAZOCNDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AOHJOMMDDJHIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylenediamine Chemical compound CC(N)CN AOHJOMMDDJHIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005297 pyrex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004627 regenerated cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007763 reverse roll coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003333 secondary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000467 secondary amino group Chemical group [H]N([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003381 solubilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C=C ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BSYVTEYKTMYBMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1CCCO1 BSYVTEYKTMYBMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003673 urethanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019165 vitamin E Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940046009 vitamin E Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011709 vitamin E Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036642 wellbeing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010947 wet-dispersion method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41C—CORSETS; BRASSIERES
- A41C3/00—Brassieres
- A41C3/12—Component parts
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41B—SHIRTS; UNDERWEAR; BABY LINEN; HANDKERCHIEFS
- A41B17/00—Selection of special materials for underwear
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41B—SHIRTS; UNDERWEAR; BABY LINEN; HANDKERCHIEFS
- A41B1/00—Shirts
- A41B1/08—Details
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41B—SHIRTS; UNDERWEAR; BABY LINEN; HANDKERCHIEFS
- A41B11/00—Hosiery; Panti-hose
- A41B11/003—Hosiery with intermediate sections of different elasticity
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41B—SHIRTS; UNDERWEAR; BABY LINEN; HANDKERCHIEFS
- A41B11/00—Hosiery; Panti-hose
- A41B11/14—Panti-hose; Body-stockings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41B—SHIRTS; UNDERWEAR; BABY LINEN; HANDKERCHIEFS
- A41B9/00—Undergarments
- A41B9/001—Underpants or briefs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41B—SHIRTS; UNDERWEAR; BABY LINEN; HANDKERCHIEFS
- A41B9/00—Undergarments
- A41B9/04—Knickers for ladies, with or without inserted crotch or seat parts
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41B—SHIRTS; UNDERWEAR; BABY LINEN; HANDKERCHIEFS
- A41B9/00—Undergarments
- A41B9/06—Undershirts; Chemises
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41C—CORSETS; BRASSIERES
- A41C1/00—Corsets or girdles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41C—CORSETS; BRASSIERES
- A41C3/00—Brassieres
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41C—CORSETS; BRASSIERES
- A41C3/00—Brassieres
- A41C3/10—Brassieres with stiffening or bust-forming inserts
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D1/00—Garments
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D1/00—Garments
- A41D1/04—Vests, jerseys, sweaters or the like
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D1/00—Garments
- A41D1/06—Trousers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D1/00—Garments
- A41D1/14—Skirts
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D1/00—Garments
- A41D1/18—Blouses
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D1/00—Garments
- A41D1/22—Clothing specially adapted for women, not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D10/00—Pyjamas; Nightdresses
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D13/00—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches
- A41D13/0002—Details of protective garments not provided for in groups A41D13/0007 - A41D13/1281
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D13/00—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches
- A41D13/002—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches with controlled internal environment
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D13/00—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches
- A41D13/012—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches for aquatic activities, e.g. with buoyancy aids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D13/00—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches
- A41D13/04—Aprons; Fastening devices for aprons
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D13/00—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches
- A41D13/12—Surgeons' or patients' gowns or dresses
- A41D13/1209—Surgeons' gowns or dresses
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D17/00—Gaiters; Spats
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D20/00—Wristbands or headbands, e.g. for absorbing sweat
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D25/00—Neckties
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D27/00—Details of garments or of their making
- A41D27/02—Linings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D29/00—Uniforms; Parts or accessories of uniforms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D3/00—Overgarments
- A41D3/02—Overcoats
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D3/00—Overgarments
- A41D3/02—Overcoats
- A41D3/04—Raincoats
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D3/00—Overgarments
- A41D3/08—Capes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D7/00—Bathing gowns; Swim-suits, drawers, or trunks; Beach suits
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41F—GARMENT FASTENINGS; SUSPENDERS
- A41F9/00—Belts, girdles, or waistbands for trousers or skirts
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A42—HEADWEAR
- A42B—HATS; HEAD COVERINGS
- A42B1/00—Hats; Caps; Hoods
- A42B1/019—Hats; Caps; Hoods characterised by their material
- A42B1/0195—Antimicrobial or antibacterial
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A42—HEADWEAR
- A42B—HATS; HEAD COVERINGS
- A42B5/00—Veils; Holders for veils
-
- A61F13/01038—
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F5/00—Orthopaedic methods or devices for non-surgical treatment of bones or joints; Nursing devices; Anti-rape devices
- A61F5/37—Restraining devices for the body or for body parts, e.g. slings; Restraining shirts
- A61F5/3715—Restraining devices for the body or for body parts, e.g. slings; Restraining shirts for attaching the limbs to other parts of the body
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M17/00—Producing multi-layer textile fabrics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41B—SHIRTS; UNDERWEAR; BABY LINEN; HANDKERCHIEFS
- A41B2400/00—Functions or special features of shirts, underwear, baby linen or handkerchiefs not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- A41B2400/38—Shaping the contour of the body or adjusting the figure
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41B—SHIRTS; UNDERWEAR; BABY LINEN; HANDKERCHIEFS
- A41B2500/00—Materials for shirts, underwear, baby linen or handkerchiefs not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- A41B2500/50—Synthetic resins or rubbers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41C—CORSETS; BRASSIERES
- A41C3/00—Brassieres
- A41C3/0014—Brassieres made from one piece with one or several layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2437/00—Clothing
Definitions
- the present invention relates to articles such as garments including body shaping garments and performance enhancing garments that include an altered stress profile.
- the article or garment includes one or more layers of material such as fabric and/or polyurethane foam in combination with a polyurethaneurea composition.
- Garments provide a variety of different functions including, but not limited to, warmth, fashion, and comfort.
- Two goals of body shaping garments include support and comfort either of which can be compromised due to the other.
- One reason for reduction in comfort is that garments designed for body-shaping or support frequently have areas where increased pressure is exerted on the wearer of the garment. For example, if one imagines a band of material wrapped around a person where the band has a wide section and a narrow section, the force within the band length of the band is the same, however, this force is distributed more evenly across the wide portion of the band compared to thin portion. The result is an increased pressure at the point where the narrow portion is in contact with the body.
- each section of fabric has a stress profile
- a garment including a brassiere having a wing portion, the wing portion including a polymeric film in the shape or form of a narrow strip, a triangular shape, or the shape of the wing portion geometrically inverted to the wing portion.
- a brassiere which includes an assembly of layers of material defining a pair of breast cups with a bridge between said cups, said assembly comprising at least a first and a second layer of material molded to define the shape of the breast cups, each of said breast cups including a lower periphery which extends from said bridge and toward a side periphery that extends from said lower periphery to a top portion of each of said breast cups where a strap is optionally attached;
- Methods of preparing garments including an altered stress profile are also included.
- FIG. 1 shows a portion of fabric including a geometrically inverted polymer film.
- FIG. 2 shows a portion of fabric including a geometrically inverted polymer film.
- FIG. 3 shows a portion of fabric including a narrow strip of polymer film.
- FIG. 4 shows a brassiere including polymer film regions along a lower and side periphery.
- FIG. 5 shows a brassiere including polymer film regions.
- FIG. 6 shows a brassiere including polymer film regions.
- FIG. 7 shows a brassiere including polymer film regions.
- FIG. 8 shows a portion of fabric including a triangular shaped polymer film region.
- FIG. 9 shows a portion of fabric including a triangular shaped polymer film region.
- FIG. 10 shows a panty including polymer film regions.
- FIG. 11 shows a panty including polymer film regions.
- FIG. 12 shows a polymer film on a substrate.
- FIG. 13 shows a polymer film between two substrates.
- FIG. 14 shows a portion of fabric including a polymer film region.
- FIG. 14A shows a multiple layer portion of fabric including a polymer film region.
- FIG. 15 shows a portion of fabric including a polymer film region.
- FIG. 15A shows a multiple layer portion of fabric including a polymer film region.
- FIG. 16 shows a cross-section of the multiple layer fabric of FIG. 14A along line X-X.
- FIG. 17 is a graphic representation of the set % of garments laminated with polymer compositions.
- FIG. 18 is a graphic representation of a control fabric compared to a polymer film.
- FIG. 19 is a graphic representation of a stress/strain analysis.
- FIG. 20 is a graphic representation of a stress/strain analysis
- the term “stress profile” of a fabric is defined as a physical pressure, pull, or other force that is exerted on a fabric accounting for various different forces that can be measured at various points throughout the garment.
- the stress profile can be observed in any fabric such as a fabric used in a garment.
- a stress profile of a fabric is noted for body shaping garments where the stress or pressure exerted on the garment will vary as the garment is being worn due to wearer movement.
- a support garment such as a brassiere where the stress on the bottom of the cup portions may be greater than that on the top of the cup portions.
- the term “geometrically inverted” is meant to include embodiments where a film of the same geometric shape as the fabric with which it will be laminated has been rotated with respect to the fabric.
- the film may be larger, smaller, or the same size as the fabric section. This also includes, but is not limited to, where film and fabric of size and dimension are designed inversely proportionate to the modulus of the film and fabric, respectively.
- non-linear includes shapes other than a straight line. This includes, but is not limited to, curved shapes, arc shapes, and wavy shapes.
- narrow strip refers to a shape having a length and a width where the length is at least twice the width. The length may vary and depends on the size of the garment to which it is applied.
- porous refers to a substrate that includes voids or holes in the surface or at any point within or through the thickness of the substrate or to any material of which the articles of the present invention may come into contact.
- pressing refers to an article that has been subjected to heat and/or pressure to provide a substantially planar structure.
- foam refers to any suitable foam that may be used in fabric construction such as polyurethane foam.
- the term “dispersion” refers to a system in which the disperse phase consists of finely divided particles, and the continuous phase can be a liquid, solid or gas.
- aqueous polyurethane dispersion refers to a composition containing at least a polyurethane or polyurethane urea polymer or prepolymer (such as the polyurethane prepolymer described herein), optionally including a solvent, that has been dispersed in an aqueous medium, such as water, including de-ionized water.
- solvent refers to a non-aqueous medium, wherein the non-aqueous medium includes organic solvents, including volatile organic solvents (such as acetone) and somewhat less volatile organic solvents (such as MEK, or NMP).
- organic solvents including volatile organic solvents (such as acetone) and somewhat less volatile organic solvents (such as MEK, or NMP).
- solvent-free or “solvent-free system” refers to a composition or dispersion wherein the bulk of the composition or dispersed components has not been dissolved or dispersed in a solvent.
- the term “article” refers to an article which comprises a dispersion or shaped article and a substrate, for example a textile fabric, which may or may not have at least one elastic property, in part, due to the application of a dispersion or shaped article as described herein.
- the article may be in any suitable configuration such as one-dimensional, two-dimensional and/or three-dimensional.
- the term “fabric” refers to a knitted, woven or nonwoven material.
- the knitted fabric may be flat knit, circular knit, warp knit, narrow elastic, and lace.
- the woven fabric may be of any construction, for example sateen, twill, plain weave, oxford weave, basket weave, and narrow elastic.
- the nonwoven material may be meltblown, spun bonded, wet-laid, carded fiber-based staple webs, and the like.
- hard yarn refers to a yarn which is substantially non-elastic.
- molded article refers to a result by which the shape of an article or shaped article is changed in response to application of heat and/or pressure.
- a film may be derived from a dispersion which can be dried.
- modulus refers to a ratio of the stress on an item expressed in force per unit linear density or area.
- fabric growth is meant to include the natural tendency of fabrics to stretch over time or during wear that is not recovered (i.e., not elastic).
- polymer film for the purposes of this invention, the terms “polymer film,” “polymer solution,” and “polymer dispersion” are used interchangeably to describe a substantially two-dimensional or relatively flat layer of polymer, optionally in water or solvent, that may or may not require application to a substrate for support.
- fabric laminate refers to a multiple layer article including at least one fabric layer and at least one polymer layer that have been attached or bonded together.
- the methods of attachment include, but are not limited to, gluing, heating, application of pressure, and combinations thereof.
- performance-enhancing in reference to a garment refers to a garment that reduces fatigue or maintains performance-ability of the wearer of the garment. For example, an athlete may wear a performance-enhancing garment during competition to reduce fatigue and/or maintain competitive performance.
- garments including a polymer film that alters the stress profile of the garment. This includes equally distributing stress throughout the garment as well as providing a “stress gradient” where additional support is desired.
- the stress gradient provides areas of preselected stress to redistribute the stress such as from an area of lower stress to an area of greater stress within the fabric of the garment.
- One example of a stress gradient is useful for a brassiere.
- the polymer film may be included in a bra cup to provide a stress gradient that provides greater stress for support at the bottom of the cup and lower stress at the top of the cup.
- the articles of some embodiments include at least one layer of a polymer film such as a polyurethaneurea composition in the form of a film or dispersion. These articles have at least two layers including the polymer film.
- the polymer film may be placed adjacent to or between the layers of material such as fabric or foam and also may provide stretch and recovery, increased elastic modulus, adhesion, moldability, shape retention, and flexibility properties for the article. These articles may be formed into fabrics and/or garments.
- polymers are useful with the articles of some embodiments and more than one layer of film may be included. These include polymer films of polyurethane, polyurethaneurea, polyolefin, and combinations thereof. Examples of useful polyolefin resins are commercially available under the brand name VISTAMAXX by ExxonMobil, such as VISTAMAXX® 1100 and VISTAMAXX® 2100 which may be melted and shaped into a film or prepared as a nonwoven.
- the films of the some embodiments may be cast from a solution, an aqueous dispersion, or a substantially solvent free aqueous dispersion.
- a polyurethaneurea solution such as a spinning solution from a commercial spandex production line may be used to cast a film, according to some embodiments of the present invention.
- Specific examples of aqueous dispersions and films cast from them which are useful with the present invention are described hereinbelow.
- the film may be an intermediate layer between two fabric layers, between two foam layers, between a fabric layer and a foam layer, or adjacent to a foam layer which is adjacent to a fabric layer. Combinations of these fabric/foam/film arrangements are also contemplated.
- the article may include, in order, a fabric layer, a foam layer, a film layer, a foam layer, and a fabric layer. This article includes two separate fabric layers, two separate foam layers and a film layer.
- the polymer film may be replaced with a polymer solution or dispersion. Therefore, the article may include one or more polymer film and one or more polymer dispersion layers.
- a single layer of a fabric or foam may be folded to form two or more layers of the multiple layer article with a polymer film, solution, or dispersion as an intermediate layer (where the film may be considered ‘embedded’ within the article).
- the article may then also be molded or pressed to a desired shape, such as for a body shaping garment.
- the tape may provide additional stretch recovery power, such as at a hem or for a body shaping garment, to provide additional support. This is also useful in a garment such as an underbust bra where the film/tape placement may provide increased wall strength or rigidity and may keep the garment from rolling at the edge.
- the polymer film may also be placed at the point where the edges of the single layer meet which form the double layer fabric as shown in FIG. 16 which is described hereinbelow in more detail.
- Additional fabric or foam layers may also be included within the folded over layer as desired.
- a fabric layer may be folded over to form two layers where a polymer film and a foam are included within the folded area.
- the polyurethaneurea composition may form an external layer. Including the polyurethaneurea composition on an external surface forms many advantageous functions.
- the polyurethaneurea composition may provide an anchor or area of increased friction to reduce the relative movement between the article including the polyurethaneurea composition and an external substrate. This is particularly useful when the article is an undergarment including a skin-contacting surface (where the wearer's skin is the substrate).
- the substrate may be outer clothing which is in contact with the polyurethaneurea composition of the inventive article. Where the substrate is outer clothing of a wearer and the article is worn as an undergarment, the article prevents or reduces the relative movement of the outer garment.
- an outer garment e.g. a dress
- the processes to prepare the pressed and molded articles of some embodiments include the use of pressure and heat as necessary.
- heat may be applied at about 150° C. to about 200° C. or about 180° C. to about 190° C., including about 185° C. for a sufficient time to achieve a molded article.
- Suitable times for application of heat include, but are not limited to, from about 30 sec to about 360 sec including from about 45 sec to about 120 sec.
- Bonding may be effected by any known method, including but not limited to, microwave, infrared, conduction, ultrasonic, pressure application over time (i.e. clamping) and combinations thereof.
- the film or dispersion may partially or completely impregnate the fabric or foam of the article.
- the polyurethaneurea composition may form a layer which is partially separate from the surrounding layers, or may be completely transferred to the surrounding layer or layers to form an integrated article without a distinguishably separate polyurethaneurea composition layer.
- the multi-layer articles of the present invention is body-shaping garments such as brassieres (especially in cups or wings) other women's undergarments and men's undergarments. These articles can provide the desirable features of body shaping and support while still providing comfort, breathability, air permeability, moisture/vapor transport, wicking, and combinations thereof.
- the layers may take on predetermined shapes and may be arranged in predetermined orientations relative to each other in the design of a molded or shaped article such as the cups of a brassiere construction.
- the layers of these fabrics may be used either alone or in combination with other materials that are sewn, glued or otherwise applied to the fabrics.
- a system for the construction of a garment with integrated shaping ability provided by the fabric may be used in a variety of different garment constructions such as activewear, sportswear, men's and women's intimate apparel such as bras, underwear, panties, shaping garments, legwear and hosiery such as pantyhose, ready-to-wear garments such as denim jeans, camisoles, tailored shirts, and pants among others.
- This construction may be applied to any formable body area. While many advantages of the fabric constructions are included, it is further recognized that the utility is not limited to garments, but also finds applicability with any shapeable or formable medium, including cushions for furniture which are also subject to movement and potential slipping of a fabric in contact with the shapeable area.
- the polymer film composition may be added to different areas of the article. For example, it may either extend through the entire area of the article or to a selected portion to provide different benefits.
- a brassiere may include a layered fabric of some embodiments in the cup portion. In the brassiere cup, it can be useful to use a portion of film in the lower portion of the cup for support, in a central portion of the cup for modesty, in the side portion for shaping, or in specific areas for embellishment or decoration.
- the polymer films are shown as a separate layer for clarity only.
- the polymer film on attachment may partially or completely fill the pores of the fabric or foam substrate.
- a portion of fabric is shown having a substantially trapezoidal shape. Such a shape is useful as a bra wing portion, as discussed.
- the fabric portion may be useful in other areas of a garment and is shown to demonstrate an example of how a polymer film may be oriented with respect to the shape of the fabric to alter the stress-profile of the fabric.
- a variety of geometric shapes for both the fabric portion and the polymer film portion are contemplated and can be chosen based on the desired alteration of stress-profile. The alteration may be to provide comfort by distributing stress throughout the garment or to increase stress in portions of the garment to provide additional control or support.
- a polymer film composition 2 may be geometrically inverted onto a portion of a garment such as a bra wing portion 1 , which is a substantially trapezoid shape, and is shown as a trapezoid.
- the corners 4 that overlap extend beyond the edges of the wing portion may be folded over or cut to shape of the polymer film.
- FIG. 2 also shows a polymer film composition 2 that has been geometrically inverted onto a wing portion 1 , however, while the film has substantially the same shape as the wing portion, it is reduced in size to avoid the overlapping corners 4 of FIG. 1 , while still providing a altered stress profile.
- the fabric section 1 may be a wing including a trapezoid having a wide end and a shorter end.
- the polymeric film 2 also has a wide and a shorter end. The shorter end of the polymeric film is placed corresponding to the wide end of the fabric section and the wide end of the polymeric film is placed corresponding to the shorter end of the fabric section.
- FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 also show fabric portions 1 having a polymer film region 2 bonded to the fabric portion 1 .
- the polymer film region has a triangular shape.
- FIG. 3 another method of altering the stress profile of a garment, such as a wing 1 is to include a narrow strip of a polymer film 2 .
- this polymer film shown appears substantially linear, it is understood that this may be modified to a non-linear shape depending on the manner of altering the stress profile that is selected.
- the film 2 may extend to the edges of the wing 1 as shown or may alternatively begin and end at intermediate portions of the wing 1 .
- the film 2 may be oriented along a diagonal (as it appears in FIG. 3 ) or may be perpendicular to the wing edge.
- the fabric section may have a top portion an intermediate portion and a bottom portion where the polymeric film is oriented adjacent to two or more portions of the fabric section.
- the polymer film may be oriented along a diagonal from the top of the fabric section to the bottom of the fabric section, along a diagonal at other portions within the fabric or perpendicular to the fabric section.
- FIG. 4 shows a brassiere as an example of a garment that can include the polymer film to alter the garment's stress profile.
- the brassiere includes a wing portion 1 and two cup portions 6 and 10 .
- the cup portion 6 includes a polymer film 8 located along the bottom periphery of the cup 6 .
- the other cup portion 10 includes a polymer film that is located along the side periphery 12 .
- the side periphery film 12 and the bottom periphery film 8 can be used together or separately to adjust the stress profile of the garment to provide shaping and support.
- a brassiere is shown as the example, it is understood that this could apply to other formable areas of the body, such as the derriere.
- FIG. 5 also shows a brassiere including an underwire portion 18 .
- the underwire portion is also a potential cause of a pressure point in a brassiere.
- the addition of polymer films 14 and 16 can provide one or both of additional comfort and support by altering the stress profile to which the underwire portion 18 contributes.
- FIGS. 4-7 appear to be back closure brassieres that include straps, it is understood that straps are optional and that a front closure (not shown) may be included in the area between the cups at 14 .
- the brassiere of FIG. 6 includes two cup portions 20 each having a polymer film portion 22 at the inner part of the cup.
- the stress profile of the cup portions 20 are altered by including the film portions 22 which may vary in width from the top part of the cup 24 which is wider as shown as the film portion 22 extends to the inner part of the cup 26 .
- the opposite configuration is shown in FIG. 7 , where the cup portions 20 include film portions 28 that vary in width from a narrow part at the top of the cup 30 extending to the bottom inner part of the cup 32 . Altering the stress profile of this area of the brassiere can avoid pinch points while provide support or enhancement as desired. In order to achieve the desired effect, other geometries or configurations of the film portions 22 and 28 are contemplated.
- FIG. 10 and FIG. 11 each show a panty 34 including different film portions 36 , 37 , 38 and 40 .
- the film region 36 can be located at the waistband as shown in FIG. 10 to provide the garment with a reduced stress profile to reduce the appearance of the waistband through clothing.
- the width of the polymer film 36 can vary in the front or back of the garment to reduce pressure providing a pinch point or alter the stress profile to increase support (such as by providing tummy control).
- the film portions at the leg bands 36 and 37 can vary in width to provide distribution of stress along the back portion decreasing a pinch point that can show as a panty line under clothing, such as by increasing the width of the film along the back portion 37 .
- FIG. 11 includes a polymer film region 40 of a different geometry that can provide additional control, such as tummy control, or by providing support useful for maternity panties.
- any of the polymer film regions 1 may be included on a single surface 2 as shown in FIG. 12 where the surface 2 may be either a fabric, foam or other substrate suitable for a garment.
- the polymer film 2 may be included between two surfaces such as a fabric, foam, etc. as in FIG. 13 where a top surface layer 1 and bottom surface layer 3 are included.
- FIG. 14 and FIG. 15 show two possibilities for using a folded over fabric that provides a top surface layer 1 and a bottom surface layer 2 after folding along a preselected folding lines 42 .
- Arrows show the direction of folding in FIG. 14 and FIG. 15 .
- the edges of the bottom surface layers 3 meet to form a butt seam 5 as shown in FIG. 14A and FIG. 15A .
- the edges 5 may be attached or bonded to the film region 2 at that point.
- FIG. 16 is a cross-section of a butt seam at line X-X as indicated in FIG. 14A .
- the seam 5 indicates the edges of the fabric or other substrate that is folded over and bonded or attached.
- the polymer film region 2 may be bonded to the top surface 1 , the bottom surface 3 or two both the top and bottom surfaces.
- the folded portion 42 is indicated to demonstrate the orientation of layer prior to bonding, however, where the fabric is sufficiently thin, the cross-section will appear substantially linear.
- a space 44 is shown to demonstrate that the bonded film 2 may not extend to the folded portion 42 of the fabric, however, this space 44 may be absent depending on the bonding technique because the film may melt and fill this available space.
- the weight average molecular weight of the polymer in the film may vary from about 40,000 to about 150,000, including from about 100,000 to about 150,000 and about 120,000 to about 140,000.
- the polymer film may act as an adhesive to attach two or more layers of fabric or foam, or to attach a layer of fabric to foam.
- One suitable method for accomplishing this is to apply a dispersion to a layer by any suitable method.
- Methods for applying the dispersions of some embodiments include spraying, kissing, printing, brushing, dipping, padding, dispensing, metering, painting, and combinations thereof. This may be followed by application of heat and/or pressure.
- polyurethaneurea dispersion can be used for application of adhesive to attach a film to a fabric or foam layer.
- adhesives include thermoset or thermoplastic adhesives, pressure sensitive adhesives, hot melt adhesives, and combinations thereof.
- the adhesive may be used to adhere the different layers and may be applied to any of the fabric, foam or polyurethaneurea films or dispersion.
- the polyurethaneurea aqueous dispersions may also be used as an adhesive to adhere more than one layer of any fabric, foam or polyurethaneurea film as described in some embodiments.
- the polymer film may be sewn into the garment.
- the polyurethane composition may be either a film or a dispersion in any of these embodiments.
- the polyurethaneurea composition may provide structural properties, flexibility, adhesion, or any combination of these.
- the order of layer arrangement may be (1) fabric layer, foam layer, polyurethaneurea composition layer; (2) fabric layer, foam layer, polyurethaneurea composition layer, foam layer, fabric layer; (3) fabric layer, polyurethaneurea composition layer, fabric layer; (4) foam layer, polyurethaneurea layer, foam layer; (5) foam layer, polyurethaneurea composition layer; (6) fabric layer, polyurethaneurea layer; or any combination of these which may be combined to achieve more layers in the fabric construction.
- An adhesive may be included to adhere any of the layers, including wherein the polyurethaneurea composition is the adhesive.
- a variety of different fibers and yarns may be used with the fabrics of some embodiments. These include cotton, wool, acrylic, polyamide (nylon), polyester, spandex, regenerated cellulose, rubber (natural or synthetic), bamboo, silk, soy or combinations thereof.
- Aqueous polyurethane dispersions useful in some embodiments of the invention are provided from particular urethane prepolymers, which are described below in more detail.
- Urethane prepolymers, or capped glycols can generally be conceptualized as the reaction product of a polyol, a polyisocyanate, and a compound capable of salt-forming upon neutralization, before the prepolymer is dispersed in water and is chain-extended.
- Such prepolymers can typically be made in one or more steps, with or without solvents.
- the prepolymer is dissolved in a less volatile solvent (such as MEK, or NMP) which will remain in the dispersion; dissolved in a volatile solvent such as acetone, which can be later removed; or is dispersed in water without any solvent; the dispersion process can be classified in practice as the solvent process, acetone process, or prepolymer mixing process.
- the prepolymer mixing process has environmental and economical advantages, and therefore is also useful as the basic process for making the aqueous dispersions in the present invention.
- the prepolymer In the prepolymer mixing process, it is important that the viscosity of the prepolymer is adequately low enough, without dilution by a solvent, to be transported and dispersed in water.
- the present invention in one embodiment, relates to polyurethane dispersions derived from such a prepolymer, which meet this viscosity requirement and do not have any organic solvent in the prepolymer or in the dispersion.
- the prepolymer is the reaction product of a polyol (a), a diisocyanate (b) and a diol compound (c).
- prepolymers including an organic solvent are also contemplated.
- the present invention can provide stable, aqueous polyurethane dispersions, which can be processed and applied directly as adhesive materials (i.e., without the need of any additional adhesive materials) for coating, bonding, and lamination to substrates by conventional techniques.
- Aqueous polyurethane dispersions falling within the scope of the present invention may be provided with or without the use of volatile organic materials; with acceptable curing time in production; and with good adhesion strength, heat resistance, and stretch/recovery properties in finished products and in practical applications.
- Polyurethaneurea polymer films which may or may not be adhesive can be coated on a release paper, whereby aqueous dispersions of the can be used for bonding and lamination to substrates including textile fabrics.
- the adhesion can be activated by applying heat and/or pressure onto a substrate and the adhesive film with a residence time of less than one minute, for example, from about 15 seconds to about 60 seconds.
- the thus bonded articles have good stretch/recovery properties and are expected to be durable in normal wear and wash cycles.
- Polyol components suitable as a starting material for preparing urethane prepolymers, according to the invention are polyether glycols, polycarbonate glycols, and polyester glycols of number average molecular weight of about 600 to about 3,500.
- polyether polyols examples include those glycols with two or more hydroxy groups, from ring-opening polymerization and/or copolymerization of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, trimethylene oxide, tetrahydrofuran, and 3-methyltetrahydrofuran, or from condensation polymerization of a polyhydric alcohol, preferably a diol or diol mixtures, with less than 12 carbon atoms in each molecule, such as ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol 1,6-hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, 1,7-heptanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, 1,10-decanediol and 1,12-dodecanediol.
- a linear, bifunctional polyether polyol is preferred, and a poly(tetramethylene ether) glycol of molecular weight of about 1,700 to about 2,100, such as Terathane® 1800 (Invista) with a functionality of 2, is particularly preferred in the present invention.
- polyester polyols examples include those ester glycols with two or more hydroxy groups, produced by condensation polymerization of aliphatic polycarboxylic acids and polyols, or their mixtures, of low molecular weights with no more than 12 carbon atoms in each molecule.
- suitable polycarboxylic acids are malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, undecanedicarboxylic acid, and dodecanedicarboxylic acid.
- polyester polyols examples include ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol 1,6-hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, 1,7-heptanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, 1,10-decanediol and 1,12-dodecanediol.
- a linear bifunctional polyester polyol with a melting temperature of about 5° C. to about 50° C. is preferred.
- polycarbonate polyols examples include those carbonate glycols with two or more hydroxy groups, produced by condensation polymerization of phosgene, chloroformic acid ester, dialkyl carbonate or diallyl carbonate and aliphatic polyols, or their mixtures, of low molecular weights with no more than 12 carbon atoms in each molecule.
- polystyrene resin examples include diethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, 1,7-heptanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, 1,10-decanediol and 1,12-dodecanediol.
- a linear, bifunctional polycarbonate polyol with a melting temperature of about 5° C. to about 50° C. is preferred.
- the polyisocyanate component (b), suitable as another starting material for making urethane prepolymers according to the invention, can be an isomer mixture of diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) containing 4,4′-methylene bis(phenyl isocyanate) and 2,4′-methylene bis(phenyl isocyanate) in the range of 4,4′-MDI to 2,4′-MDI isomer ratios of between about 65:35 to about 35:65, preferably in the range of about 55:45 to about 45:55 and more preferably at about 50:50.
- suitable polyisocyanate components include Mondur® ML (Bayer), Lupranate® MI (BASF), and Isonate® 50 O,P′ (Dow Chemical).
- Diol compounds (c), suitable as further starting materials for preparing urethane prepolymers according to the invention, include at least one diol compound with: (i) two hydroxy groups capable of reacting with the polyisocyanates b); and (ii) at least one carboxylic acid group capable of forming salt upon neutralization and incapable of reacting with the polyisocyanates (b).
- Typical examples of diol compounds (c) having a carboxylic acid group include 2,2-dimethylopropionic acid (DMPA), 2,2-dimethylobutanoic acid, 2,2-dimethylovaleric acid, and DMPA initiated caprolactones such as CAPA® HC 1060 (Solvay).
- DMPA is preferred in the present invention.
- the prepolymer can be prepared by mixing starting materials (a), (b), and (c) together in one step and by reacting at temperatures of about 50° C. to about 100° C. for adequate time until all hydroxy groups are essentially consumed and a desired % NCO of the isocyanate group is achieved.
- this prepolymer can be made in two steps by first reacting starting material (a) with excess (b), followed by reacting with component (c) until a final desired % NCO of the prepolymer is achieved.
- the % NCO may range from about 1.3 to about 6.5, such as from about 1.8 to about 2.6.
- no organic solvent is added to or mixed with the starting materials before, during or after the reaction.
- a catalyst may be used to facilitate the prepolymer formation.
- the prepolymer comprises components (a), (b), and (c), which are combined together and provided in the following ranges of weight percentages, based on the total weight of the prepolymer:
- component (a) about 34% to about 89% of component (a); about 59% to about 10% of component (b); and about 7.0% to about 1.0% of component (c).
- the prepolymer comprises Terathane® 1800 polyether glycol as component (a), Mondur® ML diisocyanate as component (b), and 2,2-dimethylopropionic acid (DMPA) as component (c).
- these components may, for example, be present in the following ranges of weight percentages, based on the total weight of the prepolymer:
- DMPA 2,2-dimethylopropionic acid
- the prepolymer prepared from components (a), (b) and (c) may have a bulk viscosity (without any solvent present) below about 6,000 poises, such as below about 4,500 poises, measured by the falling ball method at 40° C.
- This prepolymer, containing carboxylic acid groups along the polymer chains can be dispersed with a high-speed disperser into a de-ionized water medium that comprises: at least one neutralizing agent (d), to form an ionic salt with the acid; at least one surface active agent (ionic and/or non-ionic dispersant or surfactant); and, optionally, at least one diamine chain extension component (f).
- the neutralizing agent can be mixed with the prepolymer before being dispersed into the water medium.
- At least one antifoam and/or defoam agent and preferably at least one rheological modifier can be added to the water medium before, during, or after the prepolymer is dispersed.
- Suitable neutralizing agents (d) to convert the acid groups to salt groups include: tertiary amines (such as triethylamine, N,N-diethylmethylamine, N-methylmorpholine, N,N-diisopropylethylamine, and triethanolamine) and alkali metal hydroxides (such as lithium, sodium and potassium hydroxides).
- Primary and/or secondary amines may be also used as the neutralizing agent for the acid groups.
- the degrees of neutralization are generally between about 60% to about 140%, for example, in the range of about 80% to about 120% of the acid groups.
- suitable diamine chain extenders (f) include: 1,2-ethylenediamine, 1,4-butanediamine, 1,6-hexamethylenediamine, 1,12-dodecanediamine, 1,2-propanediamine, 2-methyl-1,5-pentanediamine, 1,2-cyclohexanediamine, 1,4-cyclohexanediamine, 4,4′-methylene-bis(cyclohexylamine), isophorone diamine, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine, meta-tetramethylxylenediamine, and Jeffamine® (Texaco) of molecular weight less than 500.
- Suitable surface active agents include: anionic, cationic, or nonionic dispersants or surfactants, such as sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, ethoxylated nonylphenols, and lauryl pyridinium bromide.
- Suitable antifoaming or deforming or foam controlling agents include: Additive 65 and Additive 62 (silicone based additives from Dow Corning), FoamStar® 1300 (a mineral oil based, silicone free defoamer from Cognis) and SurfynolTM DF 110 L (a high molecular weight acetylenic glycol non-ionic surfactant from Air Products & Chemicals).
- Suitable rheological modifiers include: hydrophobically-modified ethoxylate urethanes (HEUR), hydrophobically-modified alkali swellable emulsions (HASE), and hydrophobically-modified hydroxy-ethyl cellulose (HMHEC).
- HEUR hydrophobically-modified ethoxylate urethanes
- HASE hydrophobically-modified alkali swellable emulsions
- HHEC hydrophobically-modified hydroxy-ethyl cellulose
- At least one monofunctional dialkyl amine compound or monofunctional alcohol, as the blocking agent (e) for isocyanate groups, may be added to the water medium during or after the prepolymer is dispersed to control the weight average molecular weight of the polyurethaneurea polymer.
- the blocking agent can be added to the water mixture immediately after the prepolymer is dispersed.
- at least one polymeric component (g) (MW>about 500), with at least three or more primary and/or secondary amino groups per mole of the polymer, is added to the water medium after the prepolymer is dispersed and the blocking agent is added.
- Suitable mono-functional dialkylamine blocking agents (e) include: N,N-diethylamine, N-ethyl-N-propylamine, N,N-diisopropylamine, N-tert-butyl-N-methylamine, N-tert-butyl-N-benzylamine, N,N-dicyclohexylamine, N-ethyl-N-isopropylamine, N-tert-butyl-N-isopropylamine, N-isopropyl-N-cyclohexylamine, N-ethyl-N-cyclohexylamine, N,N-diethanolamine, and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine.
- the molar ratio of the amine blocking agent to the isocyanate groups of the prepolymer prior to dispersion in water generally should range from about 0.05 to about 0.50, for example from about 0.20 to about 0.40. Catalysts may be used for the de-blocking reactions.
- Examples of monofunctional alcohol blocking agents (e) include: aliphatic and cycloaliphatic primary and secondary alcohols with 1 to 18 carbons, phenol, substituted phenols, ethoxylated alkyl phenols and ethoxylated fatty alcohols with molecular weight less than about 750, including molecular weight less than 500, hydroxyamines, hydroxymethyl and hydroxyethyl substituted tertiary amines, hydroxymethyl and hydroxyethyl substituted heterocyclic compounds, and combinations thereof, including furfuryl alcohol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)succinimide, 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)morpholine, methanol, ethanol, butanol, neopentyl alcohol, hexanol, cyclohexanol, cyclohexanemethanol, benzyl alcohol, octanol, octadecanol, N,
- suitable polymeric component (g) examples include: polyethylenimine, poly(vinylamine), poly(allylamine), and poly(amidoamine) dendrimers.
- An anti-yellowing compound useful in some polyurethaneurea dispersions includes an aliphatic or aromatic isocyanate (mono-functional), an aliphatic diisocyanate, or a combination thereof.
- anti-yellowing monoisocyanates examples include aliphatic monoisocyanates, cycloaliphatic isocyanates. Specifically included are compounds of the formula R—N ⁇ C ⁇ O, where are is aliphatic or cylcoaliphatic such as ethyl-, propyl-, butyl-, pentyl-, hexyl, cyclohexyl-, etc. as well as aromatic monoisocyanates. Aliphatic polyisocyanates have been used in polyurethane applications to reduce yellowing due to the absence of an aromatic group.
- a monoisocyanate is added to a polyurethaneurea dispersion prepared with an aromatic polyisocyanate and surprisingly results in a composition that has a significant reduction in yellowing of films cast and dried from the dispersion. Yellowing can result from exposure to environmental or process conditions such as heat, NO2, and UV, among others.
- a non-limiting list of suitable monoisocyanates include: 1-methyl-decyl isocyanate, 2-chloroethyl isocyanate, 2-ethylhexyl isocyanate, 2-methylcyclohexyl isocyanate, 3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl isocyanate, 3-chloropropyl isocyanate, 3-isopropenyl-a,a-dimethylbenzyl isocyanate, 3-methylcyclohexyl isocyanate, 4-methycyclohexyl isocyanate, 6-chlorohexyl isocyanate, benzyl isocyanate, cycloheptyl isocyanate, cycloheptyl isocyanate, cyclohexyl isocyanate, cyclohexanemethyl isocyanate, cyclooctyl isocyanate, decyl isocyanate, dodecyl isocyanate, isocyana
- aliphatic diisocyanates are also useful as anti-yellowing compounds and may be used alone, or in combinations with other aliphatic diisocyanates or a monoisocyanate.
- additives that may be optionally included in the aqueous dispersion or in the prepolymer include: anti-oxidants, UV stabilizers, colorants, pigments, crosslinking agents, phase change materials (i.e., Outlast®, commercially available from Outlast Technologies, Boulder, Colo.), antimicrobials, minerals (i.e., copper), microencapsulated well-being additives (i.e., aloe vera, vitamin E gel, aloe vera, sea kelp, nicotine, caffeine, scents or aromas), nanoparticles (i.e., silica or carbon), calcium carbonate, flame retardants, antitack additives, chlorine degradation resistant additives, vitamins, medicines, fragrances, electrically conductive additives, and/or dye-assist agents (i.e., Methacrol®, commercially available from E.I.
- phase change materials i.e., Outlast®, commercially available from Outlast Technologies, Boulder, Colo.
- antimicrobials i.e., copper
- additives which may be added to the prepolymer or the aqueous dispersion comprise adhesion promoters, anti-static agents, anti-cratering agents, anti-crawling agents, optical brighteners, coalescing agents, electroconductive additives, luminescent additives, flow and leveling agents, freeze-thaw stabilizers, lubricants, organic and inorganic fillers, preservatives, texturizing agents, thermochromic additives, insect repellants, and wetting agents.
- Such optional additives may be added to the aqueous dispersion before, during, or after the prepolymer is dispersed, as the process allows. No organic solvent is added to the aqueous dispersion at any time.
- Polyurethane aqueous dispersions falling within the scope of the present invention should be expected to have a solids content of from about 10% to about 50% by weight, for example from about 30% to about 45% by weight.
- the viscosity of polyurethane aqueous dispersions falling within the scope of the present invention may be varied in a broad range from about 10 centipoises to about 100,000 centipoises depending on the processing and application requirements. For example, in one embodiment, the viscosity is in the range of about 500 centipoises to about 30,000 centipoises.
- the viscosity may be varied by using an appropriate amount of thickening agent, such as from about 0 to about 2.0 wt %, based on the total weight of the aqueous dispersion.
- An organic solvent may also be used in the preparation of films and dispersions of some embodiments.
- the organic solvent may be used to lower the prepolymer viscosity through dissolution and dilution and/or to assist the dispersion of solid particles of the diol compound having a carboxylic acid group such as 2,2-dimethylopropionic acid (DMPA) to enhance the dispersion quality. It may also serve for the purposes to improve the film uniformity such as reducing streaks and cracks in the coating process.
- DMPA 2,2-dimethylopropionic acid
- the solvents selected for these purposes are substantially or completely non-reactive to isocyanate groups, stable in water, and have a good solubilizing ability for DMPA, the formed salt of DMPA and triethylamine, and the prepolymer.
- suitable solvents include N-methylpyrrolidone, N-ethylpyrrolidone, dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether, propylene glycol n-butyl ether acetate, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, 2-propanone (acetone) and 2-butanone (methylethylketone or MEK).
- the amount of solvent added to the films/dispersion of some embodiments may vary.
- suitable ranges of solvent include amounts of less than 50% by weight of the dispersion. Smaller amounts may also be used such as less than 20% by weight of the dispersion, less than 10% by weight of the dispersion, less than 5% by weight of the dispersion and less than 3% by weight of the dispersion.
- aqueous polyurethane dispersions of the some embodiments are particularly suitable for adhesive polymer films, which can be used for fabric bonding, lamination, and adhesion purposes when applied with heat and pressure for a relatively short period of time.
- Pressures can for example, range from about atmospheric pressure to about 60 psi and times can range from less than about one second to about 30 minutes in accordance with the bonding method used.
- Such polymer films may be made by coating the dispersion onto a release paper and drying to remove water at temperatures below about 100° C. through commercially available processes to form a film on the paper.
- the formed film sheets can be slit into strips of desired width and wound-up into spools for later use in applications to form stretch articles, for example textile fabrics. Examples of such applications include: stitch-less or seamless garment constructions; seam seal and reinforcement; labels and patches bonding to garments; and localized stretch/recovery enhancement.
- the adhesion bonding can be developed in the temperature range of from about 100° C. to about 200° C., such as from about 130° C. to about 200° C., for example, from about 140° C.
- Typical bonding machines are Sew Free (commercially available from SewSystems in Leicester, England), Macpi hemming machine (commercially available from the Macpi Group in Brescia, Italy), Framis hot air welding machine (commercially available from Framis Italy, s p.a. in Milano, Italy). This bonding is expected to be strong and durable when exposed to repeated wear, wash, and stretch in a textile fabric garment.
- the coating, dispersion, or shaped article may be pigmented or colored and also may be used as a design element in that regard.
- articles with laminated films or dispersions can be molded.
- fabric can be molded under conditions appropriate for the hard yarn in the fabric.
- molding may be possible at temperature which will mold the shaped article or dispersion, but below temperatures suitable for molding the hard yarn.
- One suitable method of attaching a layer of polymer film to a substrate is lamination using any method wherein heat or energy is applied to the laminate surface.
- Methods of heat application include, for example, ultrasonic, direct heat, indirect heat, and microwave.
- Such direct lamination may provide an advantage in view of other methods used in the art in that the shaped article may not only bond to the a substrate via a mechanical interaction but also via a chemical bond.
- the substrate has any reactive hydrogen functional groups, such groups may react with the isocyanate and hydroxyl groups on the dispersion or shaped article, thereby providing a chemical bond between the substrate and the dispersion or shaped article.
- Such chemical bonding of the dispersion or shaped article to the substrate can give a much stronger bond.
- Such bonding may occur in dry polymer films that are cured onto a substrate or in wet dispersions that are dried and cured in one step.
- Materials without an active hydrogen include polypropylene fabrics and anything with a fluoropolymer or a silicone based surface.
- Materials with an active hydrogen include, for example, nylon, cotton, polyester, wool, silk, cellulosics, acetates, metals, and acrylics. Additionally, articles treated with acid, plasma, or another form of etching may have active hydrogens for adhesion.
- Dye molecules also may have active hydrogens for bonding.
- Methods and means for applying the polymer films of some embodiments include, but are not limited to: roll coating (including reverse roll coating); use of a metal tool or knife blade (for example, pouring a dispersion onto a substrate and then casting the dispersion into uniform thickness by spreading it across the substrate using a metal tool, such as a knife blade); spraying (for example, using a pump spray bottle); dipping; painting; printing; stamping; and impregnating the article.
- roll coating including reverse roll coating
- a metal tool or knife blade for example, pouring a dispersion onto a substrate and then casting the dispersion into uniform thickness by spreading it across the substrate using a metal tool, such as a knife blade
- spraying for example, using a pump spray bottle
- dipping; painting; printing; stamping; and impregnating the article can be used to apply dispersion directly onto a substrate without the need of further adhesive materials and can be repeated if additional/heavier layers are required.
- the dispersions can be applied to any fabrics of knits, wovens or nonwovens made from synthetic, natural, or synthetic/natural blended materials for coating, bonding, lamination and adhesion purposes.
- the water in the dispersion can be eliminated with drying during the processing (for example, via air drying or use of an oven), leaving the precipitated and coalesced polyurethane layer on the fabrics to form an adhesive bond.
- At least one coagulant may optionally be used to control or to minimize penetration of dispersions according to the invention into a fabric or other article.
- coagulants include calcium nitrate (including calcium nitrate tetrahydrate), calcium chloride, aluminum sulfate (hydrated), magnesium acetate, zinc chloride (hydrated) and zinc nitrate.
- the knife blade can be made of metal or any other suitable material.
- the knife blade can have a gap of a predetermined width and thickness.
- the gap may range in thickness, for example, from 0.2 mils to 50 mils, such as a thickness of 5 mils, 10 mils, 15 mils, 25 mils, 30 mils, or 45 mils.
- the thickness of the films, solutions, and dispersions may vary depending on the application.
- Suitable thicknesses include about 0.5 mil to about 12 mil, about 0.5 to about 10 mil, and about 1.5 mil to about 9 mil.
- the amount used may, for example, range from about 2.5 g/m 2 to about 6.40 kg/m 2 , such as from about 12.7 to about 635 g/m 2 , including from about 25.4 to about 152.4 g/m 2 .
- Types of planar sheets and tapes that can be coated with dispersions and polymer films falling within the scope of the present invention include, but are not limited to: textile fabrics, including wovens and knits; nonwovens; leather (real or synthetic); paper; metal; plastic; and scrim.
- End articles that can be produced using the dispersions and polymer films falling within the scope of the present invention include, but are not limited to: apparel, which includes any type of garment or article of clothing; knitted gloves; upholstery; hair accessories; bed sheets; carpet and carpet backing; conveyor belts; medical applications, such as stretch bandages; personal care items, including incontinence and feminine hygiene products; and footwear.
- Articles coated with dispersion or covered with film or tape may be used as sound suppression articles.
- Non-elastic fabrics laminated to polymer films can have improved stretch and recovery and improved molding properties.
- Articles including polymer films, film, tape, or aqueous polyurethane dispersion may be molded.
- the articles may be made with multiple layers of substrate and shaped article, film, tape, or dispersion.
- the multi-layered articles also may be molded. Molded and non-molded articles may have different levels of stretch and recovery.
- the molded articles may comprise a body shaping or body supporting garment, such as a brassiere.
- apparel or garments that can be produced using dispersions and polymer films, include but are not limited to: undergarments, brassieres, panties, lingerie, swimwear, shapers, camisoles, hosiery, sleepwear, aprons, wetsuits, ties, scrubs, space suits, uniforms, hats, garters, sweatbands, belts, activewear, outerwear, rainwear, cold-weather jackets, pants, shirtings, dresses, blouses, mens and womens tops, sweaters, corsets, vests, knickers, socks, knee highs, dresses, blouses, aprons, tuxedos, bisht, abaya, hijab, jilbab, thoub, burka, cape, costumes, diving suit, kilt, kimono, jerseys, gowns, protective clothing, sari, sarong, skirts, spats, stola, suits, straitjacket, tog
- Terathane® 1800 is a linear polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMEG), with a number average molecular weight of 1,800 (commercially available from INVISTA S.á.r.L., of Wichita, Kans.);
- Pluracol® HP 4000D is a linear, primary hydroxyl terminated polypropylene ether glycol, with a number average molecular weight of 400 (commercially available from BASF, Brussels, Belgium);
- Mondur® ML is an isomer mixture of diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) containing 50-60% 2,4′-MDI isomer and 50-40% 4,4′-MDI isomer (commercially available from Bayer, Baytown, Tex.);
- MDI diphenylmethane diisocyanate
- Lupranate® MI is an isomer mixture of diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) containing 45-55% 2,4′-MDI isomer and 55-45% 4,4′-MDI isomer (commercially available from BASF, Wyandotte, Mich.);
- Isonate® 125MDR is a pure mixture of diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) containing 98% 4,4′-MDI isomer and 2% 2,4′-MDI isomer (commercially available from the Dow Company, Midland, Mich.); and
- DMPA 2,2-dimethylopropionic acid
- the following prepolymer samples were prepared with MDI isomer mixtures, such as Lupranate® MI and Mondur® ML, containing a high level of 2,4′-MDI.
- the preparation of the prepolymers was conducted in a glove box with nitrogen atmosphere.
- a 2000 ml Pyrex® glass reaction kettle which was equipped with an air pressure driven stirrer, a heating mantle, and a thermocouple temperature measurement, was charged with about 382.5 grams of Terathane® 1800 glycol and about 12.5 grams of DMPA. This mixture was heated to about 50° C. with stirring, followed by the addition of about 105 grams of Lupranate® MI diisocyanate. The reaction mixture was then heated to about 90° C. with continuous stirring and held at about 90° C.
- the viscosity of the prepolymer was determined in accordance with the general method of ASTM D1343-69 using a Model DV-8 Falling Ball Viscometer (sold by Duratech Corp., Waynesboro, Va.) operated at about 40° C.
- the total isocyanate moiety content, in terms of the weight percent of NCO groups, of the capped glycol prepolymer was measured by the method of S. Siggia, “Quantitative Organic Analysis via Functional Group”, 3rd Edition, Wiley & Sons, New York, pp. 559-561 (1963), the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
- the solvent-free prepolymer as prepared according to the procedures and composition described in Example 1, was used to make a polyurethaneurea aqueous dispersion.
- a 2,000 ml stainless steel beaker was charged with about 700 grams of de-ionized water, about 15 grams of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS), and about 10 grams of triethylamine (TEA). This mixture was then cooled with ice/water to about 5° C. and mixed with a high shear laboratory mixer with rotor/stator mix head (Ross, Model 100LC) at about 5,000 rpm for about 30 seconds.
- the viscous prepolymer prepared in the manner as Example 1 and contained in a metal tubular cylinder, was added to the bottom of the mix head in the aqueous solution through flexible tubing with applied air pressure. The temperature of the prepolymer was maintained between about 50° C.
- the extruded prepolymer stream was dispersed and chain-extended with water under the continuous mixing of about 5,000 rpm. In a period of about 50 minutes, a total amount of about 540 grams of prepolymer was introduced and dispersed in water. Immediately after the prepolymer was added and dispersed, the dispersed mixture was charged with about 2 grams of Additive 65 (commercially available from Dow Corning®, Midland Mich.) and about 6 grams of diethylamine (DEA). The reaction mixture was then mixed for about another 30 minutes. The resulting solvent-free aqueous dispersion was milky white and stable.
- Additive 65 commercially available from Dow Corning®, Midland Mich.
- DEA diethylamine
- the viscosity of the dispersion was adjusted with the addition and mixing of Hauthane HA thickening agent 900 (commercially available from Hauthway, Lynn, Mass.) at a level of about 2.0 wt % of the aqueous dispersion.
- Hauthane HA thickening agent 900 commercially available from Hauthway, Lynn, Mass.
- the viscous dispersion was then filtered through a 40 micron Bendix metal mesh filter and stored at room temperatures for film casting or lamination uses.
- the dispersion had solids level of 43% and a viscosity of about 25,000 centipoises.
- the cast film from this dispersion was soft, tacky, and elastomeric.
- Example 2 The preparation procedures were the same as Example 2, except that DEA was not added into the dispersion after the prepolymer was mixed. Initially, the dispersion appeared to be no different from Example 2.
- Elongation and tenacity properties were measured on films using a dynamic tensile tester Instron. The sample size was as indicated below. The sample was placed in clamps and extended at a strain rate of 200% elongation per minute until a maximum elongation was reached. The tenacity and elongation were measured just prior to the film break. Similarly, the set % was measured by extending a laminated sample from 0 to 50% elongation for five cycles at a strain rate of 200% per minute. The set % was measured after the fourth cycle.
- the films of Samples A and B are polyurethaneurea films cast from the dispersion of Example 3.
- the films of Samples D, K, L, and M were polyurethaneurea films cast from the dispersion of Example 2.
- the films of Samples C, G, H, I, and J were three-layered polyurethaneurea “sandwich” films cast from the dispersion of Example 3, with a film from the dispersion of Example 2 on each side.
- the film of Sample E and nonwoven of Sample F were prepared from a polypropylene based polymer commercially available from ExxonMobil under the trade name VISTAMAXX.
- Sample N was a comparative example using a hot melt glue in a dot matrix configuration.
- the samples were tested in Instron cycling to 120% elongation, 3 times and measuring the elongation (set) on the fourth load at 25 gram force (as shown in FIG. 17 ).
- the first cycle data is shown in FIG. 19 for samples A-G and in FIG. 20 for samples H—N as shown in FIG. 17 .
- the films add power particularly the samples include films of Example 3 (A, B, C, G, H, I, and J).
- the set data suggests that when compared to a stretch narrow bra wing the laminated wings using films including the composition of Example 3 can give comparable recovery (set) and power (load/unload).
- the laminated wings including the composition of Example 3 can offer improved performance vs. commercial bra wings of laminated fabrics/foam constructions.
- a commercially available bra was retrofit with a range of film and narrow film/tape variants as shown in Table 2. These film/tape variants were applied to the bra wing which has a substantially trapezoidal shape.
- the commercially available bra was Victoria's Secret: Secret Embrace Style 6505, size 36C. These garments were fit and wear tested.
- the polymer composition of Test 12 was a polyurethaneurea film cast and dried from the dispersion of Example 2.
- the polymer composition of Tests 2, 3, 7, 9-11, 13 and 21 were polyurethaneurea films cast and dried from the dispersion of Example 3.
- Tests 1, 4-7, 15, 18, and 19 include three-layered polyurethaneurea “sandwich” films cast from the dispersion of Example 3, with a film from the dispersion of Example 2 on each side.
- Test 8 is the control including no retrofit polymer composition.
- Tests 14 and 20 include a polyurethane film commercially available from Bemis (Bemis 3410).
- the film of Test 16 and the nonwoven of Test 17 were prepared from a polypropylene based polymer commercially available from ExxonMobil under the trade name VISTAMAXX.
- Test 3 and Test 8 were compared for compression force measured with Gebiom Dynamic Force Sensor. Measurements were taken in the center of the bra wing where the film had been bonded to the garment. Results are shown in FIG. 18 .
- the bra wing is essentially a trapezoid shape, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 .
- the bra wing Since the bra wing is wider at the front (where it is attached to the bra) than the back (where it is attached to a hook or eye closure), the front of the bra wing will have a higher force when worn at equal elongation.
- an inverted trapezoid of polyurethaneurea film of 1.5 mil thickness (Test 10) was applied by bonding to the bra wing trapezoid as shown in the FIG. 1 .
- Test 11 was made using an inverted trapezoid of 3 mil thick polyurethaneurea film of Example 3 bonded to the bra wing trapezoid, except that the trapezoid was cut in half along the length, since the 3 mil thick film has 2 ⁇ the compressive force of the bra wing.
- Test 18 was prepared using a tape of 10 mm wide film. This was bonded diagonally from the bottom of the cup to the top of the hook/eye closure, as shown in FIG. 3 . This provided a means to uplift, improve the comfort and fit of the bra by engineered design and placement of the increased power and recovery.
Abstract
Description
- This application claims the benefit of U.S. Application No. 61/021,241 filed on Jan. 15, 2008.
- 1. Field of the Invention
- The present invention relates to articles such as garments including body shaping garments and performance enhancing garments that include an altered stress profile. The article or garment includes one or more layers of material such as fabric and/or polyurethane foam in combination with a polyurethaneurea composition.
- 2. Summary of Related Technology
- Garments provide a variety of different functions including, but not limited to, warmth, fashion, and comfort. Two goals of body shaping garments include support and comfort either of which can be compromised due to the other. One reason for reduction in comfort is that garments designed for body-shaping or support frequently have areas where increased pressure is exerted on the wearer of the garment. For example, if one imagines a band of material wrapped around a person where the band has a wide section and a narrow section, the force within the band length of the band is the same, however, this force is distributed more evenly across the wide portion of the band compared to thin portion. The result is an increased pressure at the point where the narrow portion is in contact with the body.
- The areas of increased pressure can result in discomfort to the wearer. Therefore, there is a need for garments that overcome these deficiencies by redistributing the pressure by altering the stress profile of the garment, including providing additional support where desired, and providing greater comfort to the wearer.
- Another issue experience by body-shaping garments, such as laminated foam garments, is fabric growth. This is particularly an issue with one-piece laminated foam brassieres. There is a need to provide a method of redistributing or controlling stress within the garment to prevent fabric growth.
- In some embodiments are an article including a garment including:
- (a) one or more sections of fabric;
- wherein each section of fabric has a stress profile; and
- (b) one or more polymeric films attached to one or more sections of fabric to form a fabric laminate;
- wherein the fabric laminate has an altered stress profile. These garments can be designed to prevent greater comfort to the wearer in addition to reducing fabric growth.
- A garment including a brassiere having a wing portion, the wing portion including a polymeric film in the shape or form of a narrow strip, a triangular shape, or the shape of the wing portion geometrically inverted to the wing portion.
- A brassiere which includes an assembly of layers of material defining a pair of breast cups with a bridge between said cups, said assembly comprising at least a first and a second layer of material molded to define the shape of the breast cups, each of said breast cups including a lower periphery which extends from said bridge and toward a side periphery that extends from said lower periphery to a top portion of each of said breast cups where a strap is optionally attached;
- wherein adjacent to either or both each of said lower and side peripheries of said breast cups, there is embedded in or adhered to said layers of material of said assembly a polymeric film including a polyurethaneurea cast and dried from a polyurethaneurea dispersion.
- Methods of preparing garments including an altered stress profile are also included.
-
FIG. 1 shows a portion of fabric including a geometrically inverted polymer film. -
FIG. 2 shows a portion of fabric including a geometrically inverted polymer film. -
FIG. 3 shows a portion of fabric including a narrow strip of polymer film. -
FIG. 4 shows a brassiere including polymer film regions along a lower and side periphery. -
FIG. 5 shows a brassiere including polymer film regions. -
FIG. 6 shows a brassiere including polymer film regions. -
FIG. 7 shows a brassiere including polymer film regions. -
FIG. 8 shows a portion of fabric including a triangular shaped polymer film region. -
FIG. 9 shows a portion of fabric including a triangular shaped polymer film region. -
FIG. 10 shows a panty including polymer film regions. -
FIG. 11 shows a panty including polymer film regions. -
FIG. 12 shows a polymer film on a substrate. -
FIG. 13 shows a polymer film between two substrates. -
FIG. 14 shows a portion of fabric including a polymer film region. -
FIG. 14A shows a multiple layer portion of fabric including a polymer film region. -
FIG. 15 shows a portion of fabric including a polymer film region. -
FIG. 15A shows a multiple layer portion of fabric including a polymer film region. -
FIG. 16 shows a cross-section of the multiple layer fabric ofFIG. 14A along line X-X. -
FIG. 17 is a graphic representation of the set % of garments laminated with polymer compositions. -
FIG. 18 is a graphic representation of a control fabric compared to a polymer film. -
FIG. 19 is a graphic representation of a stress/strain analysis. -
FIG. 20 is a graphic representation of a stress/strain analysis - For the purposes of this invention, the term “stress profile” of a fabric is defined as a physical pressure, pull, or other force that is exerted on a fabric accounting for various different forces that can be measured at various points throughout the garment. The stress profile can be observed in any fabric such as a fabric used in a garment. One example of a stress profile of a fabric is noted for body shaping garments where the stress or pressure exerted on the garment will vary as the garment is being worn due to wearer movement. Another example is for a support garment such as a brassiere where the stress on the bottom of the cup portions may be greater than that on the top of the cup portions.
- For the purposes of this invention, the term “geometrically inverted” is meant to include embodiments where a film of the same geometric shape as the fabric with which it will be laminated has been rotated with respect to the fabric. The film may be larger, smaller, or the same size as the fabric section. This also includes, but is not limited to, where film and fabric of size and dimension are designed inversely proportionate to the modulus of the film and fabric, respectively.
- As used herein, the term “non-linear” includes shapes other than a straight line. This includes, but is not limited to, curved shapes, arc shapes, and wavy shapes.
- As used herein, the term “narrow strip” refers to a shape having a length and a width where the length is at least twice the width. The length may vary and depends on the size of the garment to which it is applied.
- As used herein, the term “porous” refers to a substrate that includes voids or holes in the surface or at any point within or through the thickness of the substrate or to any material of which the articles of the present invention may come into contact.
- As used herein, the term “pressing” or “pressed” refers to an article that has been subjected to heat and/or pressure to provide a substantially planar structure.
- As used herein, the term “foam” refers to any suitable foam that may be used in fabric construction such as polyurethane foam.
- As used herein, the term “dispersion” refers to a system in which the disperse phase consists of finely divided particles, and the continuous phase can be a liquid, solid or gas.
- As used herein, the term “aqueous polyurethane dispersion” refers to a composition containing at least a polyurethane or polyurethane urea polymer or prepolymer (such as the polyurethane prepolymer described herein), optionally including a solvent, that has been dispersed in an aqueous medium, such as water, including de-ionized water.
- As used herein, the term “solvent,” unless otherwise indicated, refers to a non-aqueous medium, wherein the non-aqueous medium includes organic solvents, including volatile organic solvents (such as acetone) and somewhat less volatile organic solvents (such as MEK, or NMP).
- As used herein, the term “solvent-free” or “solvent-free system” refers to a composition or dispersion wherein the bulk of the composition or dispersed components has not been dissolved or dispersed in a solvent.
- As used herein, the term “article” refers to an article which comprises a dispersion or shaped article and a substrate, for example a textile fabric, which may or may not have at least one elastic property, in part, due to the application of a dispersion or shaped article as described herein. The article may be in any suitable configuration such as one-dimensional, two-dimensional and/or three-dimensional.
- As used herein, the term “fabric” refers to a knitted, woven or nonwoven material. The knitted fabric may be flat knit, circular knit, warp knit, narrow elastic, and lace. The woven fabric may be of any construction, for example sateen, twill, plain weave, oxford weave, basket weave, and narrow elastic. The nonwoven material may be meltblown, spun bonded, wet-laid, carded fiber-based staple webs, and the like.
- As used herein, the term “hard yarn” refers to a yarn which is substantially non-elastic.
- As used herein, the term “molded” article refers to a result by which the shape of an article or shaped article is changed in response to application of heat and/or pressure.
- As used herein, the term “derived from” refers to forming a substance out of another object. For example, a film may be derived from a dispersion which can be dried.
- As used herein, the term “modulus” refers to a ratio of the stress on an item expressed in force per unit linear density or area.
- As used herein, the term “fabric growth” is meant to include the natural tendency of fabrics to stretch over time or during wear that is not recovered (i.e., not elastic).
- For the purposes of this invention, the terms “polymer film,” “polymer solution,” and “polymer dispersion” are used interchangeably to describe a substantially two-dimensional or relatively flat layer of polymer, optionally in water or solvent, that may or may not require application to a substrate for support.
- As used herein, the term “fabric laminate” refers to a multiple layer article including at least one fabric layer and at least one polymer layer that have been attached or bonded together. The methods of attachment include, but are not limited to, gluing, heating, application of pressure, and combinations thereof.
- As used herein, the term “performance-enhancing” in reference to a garment refers to a garment that reduces fatigue or maintains performance-ability of the wearer of the garment. For example, an athlete may wear a performance-enhancing garment during competition to reduce fatigue and/or maintain competitive performance.
- In some embodiments are garments including a polymer film that alters the stress profile of the garment. This includes equally distributing stress throughout the garment as well as providing a “stress gradient” where additional support is desired. The stress gradient provides areas of preselected stress to redistribute the stress such as from an area of lower stress to an area of greater stress within the fabric of the garment. One example of a stress gradient is useful for a brassiere. The polymer film may be included in a bra cup to provide a stress gradient that provides greater stress for support at the bottom of the cup and lower stress at the top of the cup.
- The articles of some embodiments include at least one layer of a polymer film such as a polyurethaneurea composition in the form of a film or dispersion. These articles have at least two layers including the polymer film. The polymer film may be placed adjacent to or between the layers of material such as fabric or foam and also may provide stretch and recovery, increased elastic modulus, adhesion, moldability, shape retention, and flexibility properties for the article. These articles may be formed into fabrics and/or garments.
- A variety of polymers are useful with the articles of some embodiments and more than one layer of film may be included. These include polymer films of polyurethane, polyurethaneurea, polyolefin, and combinations thereof. Examples of useful polyolefin resins are commercially available under the brand name VISTAMAXX by ExxonMobil, such as VISTAMAXX® 1100 and VISTAMAXX® 2100 which may be melted and shaped into a film or prepared as a nonwoven.
- A variety of different polyurethaneurea compositions are useful with the films and dispersions of some embodiments. For example, the films of the some embodiments may be cast from a solution, an aqueous dispersion, or a substantially solvent free aqueous dispersion. Many such solutions or dispersions are known in the art. For example, a polyurethaneurea solution such as a spinning solution from a commercial spandex production line may be used to cast a film, according to some embodiments of the present invention. Specific examples of aqueous dispersions and films cast from them which are useful with the present invention are described hereinbelow.
- In an embodiment where the article includes a multiple layer article including three or more layers where one layer is a film, the film may be an intermediate layer between two fabric layers, between two foam layers, between a fabric layer and a foam layer, or adjacent to a foam layer which is adjacent to a fabric layer. Combinations of these fabric/foam/film arrangements are also contemplated. For example, the article may include, in order, a fabric layer, a foam layer, a film layer, a foam layer, and a fabric layer. This article includes two separate fabric layers, two separate foam layers and a film layer. In any of these embodiments, the polymer film may be replaced with a polymer solution or dispersion. Therefore, the article may include one or more polymer film and one or more polymer dispersion layers.
- In another embodiment, a single layer of a fabric or foam may be folded to form two or more layers of the multiple layer article with a polymer film, solution, or dispersion as an intermediate layer (where the film may be considered ‘embedded’ within the article). In this embodiment, the article may then also be molded or pressed to a desired shape, such as for a body shaping garment. Where a polymer film is placed at the point of folding, the tape may provide additional stretch recovery power, such as at a hem or for a body shaping garment, to provide additional support. This is also useful in a garment such as an underbust bra where the film/tape placement may provide increased wall strength or rigidity and may keep the garment from rolling at the edge. The polymer film may also be placed at the point where the edges of the single layer meet which form the double layer fabric as shown in
FIG. 16 which is described hereinbelow in more detail. Additional fabric or foam layers may also be included within the folded over layer as desired. For example, a fabric layer may be folded over to form two layers where a polymer film and a foam are included within the folded area. - In an embodiment that includes two or more layers, the polyurethaneurea composition may form an external layer. Including the polyurethaneurea composition on an external surface forms many advantageous functions. For example, the polyurethaneurea composition may provide an anchor or area of increased friction to reduce the relative movement between the article including the polyurethaneurea composition and an external substrate. This is particularly useful when the article is an undergarment including a skin-contacting surface (where the wearer's skin is the substrate). Alternatively, the substrate may be outer clothing which is in contact with the polyurethaneurea composition of the inventive article. Where the substrate is outer clothing of a wearer and the article is worn as an undergarment, the article prevents or reduces the relative movement of the outer garment. In addition, an outer garment (e.g. a dress) may include a polyurethaneurea composition to maintain the relative placement of an inner garment (e.g. a slip).
- After the layers of fabric, foam, and the film have been selected, they may subsequently be adhered through pressing or molding to form flat or shaped articles (including articles having three-dimensions such as a molded brassiere cup). The processes to prepare the pressed and molded articles of some embodiments include the use of pressure and heat as necessary. For example, heat may be applied at about 150° C. to about 200° C. or about 180° C. to about 190° C., including about 185° C. for a sufficient time to achieve a molded article. Suitable times for application of heat include, but are not limited to, from about 30 sec to about 360 sec including from about 45 sec to about 120 sec. Bonding may be effected by any known method, including but not limited to, microwave, infrared, conduction, ultrasonic, pressure application over time (i.e. clamping) and combinations thereof.
- Due the application of heat and pressure to the articles including polyurethaneurea films or dispersion and given that films and fabrics are themselves porous materials, it is recognized that the film or dispersion may partially or completely impregnate the fabric or foam of the article. For example, the polyurethaneurea composition may form a layer which is partially separate from the surrounding layers, or may be completely transferred to the surrounding layer or layers to form an integrated article without a distinguishably separate polyurethaneurea composition layer.
- One application of the multi-layer articles of the present invention is body-shaping garments such as brassieres (especially in cups or wings) other women's undergarments and men's undergarments. These articles can provide the desirable features of body shaping and support while still providing comfort, breathability, air permeability, moisture/vapor transport, wicking, and combinations thereof. In the articles of some embodiments of the present invention, the layers may take on predetermined shapes and may be arranged in predetermined orientations relative to each other in the design of a molded or shaped article such as the cups of a brassiere construction. The layers of these fabrics may be used either alone or in combination with other materials that are sewn, glued or otherwise applied to the fabrics.
- In some embodiments there is a system for the construction of a garment with integrated shaping ability provided by the fabric. This system of construction may be used in a variety of different garment constructions such as activewear, sportswear, men's and women's intimate apparel such as bras, underwear, panties, shaping garments, legwear and hosiery such as pantyhose, ready-to-wear garments such as denim jeans, camisoles, tailored shirts, and pants among others. This construction may be applied to any formable body area. While many advantages of the fabric constructions are included, it is further recognized that the utility is not limited to garments, but also finds applicability with any shapeable or formable medium, including cushions for furniture which are also subject to movement and potential slipping of a fabric in contact with the shapeable area.
- In order to add additional support and other features, the polymer film composition may be added to different areas of the article. For example, it may either extend through the entire area of the article or to a selected portion to provide different benefits. For example, a brassiere may include a layered fabric of some embodiments in the cup portion. In the brassiere cup, it can be useful to use a portion of film in the lower portion of the cup for support, in a central portion of the cup for modesty, in the side portion for shaping, or in specific areas for embellishment or decoration.
- In each of the figures, the polymer films are shown as a separate layer for clarity only. The polymer film on attachment may partially or completely fill the pores of the fabric or foam substrate.
- In
FIGS. 1-3 , 8-9, and 14-15, a portion of fabric is shown having a substantially trapezoidal shape. Such a shape is useful as a bra wing portion, as discussed. However, although referred to a a bra wing portion, the fabric portion may be useful in other areas of a garment and is shown to demonstrate an example of how a polymer film may be oriented with respect to the shape of the fabric to alter the stress-profile of the fabric. A variety of geometric shapes for both the fabric portion and the polymer film portion are contemplated and can be chosen based on the desired alteration of stress-profile. The alteration may be to provide comfort by distributing stress throughout the garment or to increase stress in portions of the garment to provide additional control or support. - As shown in
FIG. 1 , apolymer film composition 2 may be geometrically inverted onto a portion of a garment such as abra wing portion 1, which is a substantially trapezoid shape, and is shown as a trapezoid. Thecorners 4 that overlap extend beyond the edges of the wing portion may be folded over or cut to shape of the polymer film. - As an alternative,
FIG. 2 also shows apolymer film composition 2 that has been geometrically inverted onto awing portion 1, however, while the film has substantially the same shape as the wing portion, it is reduced in size to avoid the overlappingcorners 4 ofFIG. 1 , while still providing a altered stress profile. - In either
FIG. 1 orFIG. 2 , thefabric section 1 may be a wing including a trapezoid having a wide end and a shorter end. Thepolymeric film 2 also has a wide and a shorter end. The shorter end of the polymeric film is placed corresponding to the wide end of the fabric section and the wide end of the polymeric film is placed corresponding to the shorter end of the fabric section. -
FIG. 8 andFIG. 9 also showfabric portions 1 having apolymer film region 2 bonded to thefabric portion 1. In each ofFIG. 8 andFIG. 9 , the polymer film region has a triangular shape. - As shown in
FIG. 3 , another method of altering the stress profile of a garment, such as awing 1 is to include a narrow strip of apolymer film 2. Although this polymer film shown appears substantially linear, it is understood that this may be modified to a non-linear shape depending on the manner of altering the stress profile that is selected. Thefilm 2 may extend to the edges of thewing 1 as shown or may alternatively begin and end at intermediate portions of thewing 1. Thefilm 2, may be oriented along a diagonal (as it appears inFIG. 3 ) or may be perpendicular to the wing edge. - In other words, the fabric section may have a top portion an intermediate portion and a bottom portion where the polymeric film is oriented adjacent to two or more portions of the fabric section. The polymer film may be oriented along a diagonal from the top of the fabric section to the bottom of the fabric section, along a diagonal at other portions within the fabric or perpendicular to the fabric section.
-
FIG. 4 shows a brassiere as an example of a garment that can include the polymer film to alter the garment's stress profile. The brassiere includes awing portion 1 and twocup portions cup portion 6 includes apolymer film 8 located along the bottom periphery of thecup 6. Theother cup portion 10 includes a polymer film that is located along theside periphery 12. Theside periphery film 12 and thebottom periphery film 8 can be used together or separately to adjust the stress profile of the garment to provide shaping and support. Although a brassiere is shown as the example, it is understood that this could apply to other formable areas of the body, such as the derriere. -
FIG. 5 also shows a brassiere including anunderwire portion 18. The underwire portion is also a potential cause of a pressure point in a brassiere. The addition ofpolymer films underwire portion 18 contributes. - Although the brassieres of
FIGS. 4-7 appear to be back closure brassieres that include straps, it is understood that straps are optional and that a front closure (not shown) may be included in the area between the cups at 14. - The brassiere of
FIG. 6 includes twocup portions 20 each having apolymer film portion 22 at the inner part of the cup. The stress profile of thecup portions 20 are altered by including thefilm portions 22 which may vary in width from the top part of thecup 24 which is wider as shown as thefilm portion 22 extends to the inner part of thecup 26. The opposite configuration is shown inFIG. 7 , where thecup portions 20 includefilm portions 28 that vary in width from a narrow part at the top of thecup 30 extending to the bottom inner part of thecup 32. Altering the stress profile of this area of the brassiere can avoid pinch points while provide support or enhancement as desired. In order to achieve the desired effect, other geometries or configurations of thefilm portions -
FIG. 10 andFIG. 11 each show apanty 34 includingdifferent film portions film region 36 can be located at the waistband as shown inFIG. 10 to provide the garment with a reduced stress profile to reduce the appearance of the waistband through clothing. The width of thepolymer film 36 can vary in the front or back of the garment to reduce pressure providing a pinch point or alter the stress profile to increase support (such as by providing tummy control). Similarly, the film portions at theleg bands back portion 37.FIG. 11 includes apolymer film region 40 of a different geometry that can provide additional control, such as tummy control, or by providing support useful for maternity panties. - Any of the
polymer film regions 1 may be included on asingle surface 2 as shown inFIG. 12 where thesurface 2 may be either a fabric, foam or other substrate suitable for a garment. Alternatively, thepolymer film 2 may be included between two surfaces such as a fabric, foam, etc. as inFIG. 13 where atop surface layer 1 andbottom surface layer 3 are included. -
FIG. 14 andFIG. 15 show two possibilities for using a folded over fabric that provides atop surface layer 1 and abottom surface layer 2 after folding along a preselected folding lines 42. Arrows show the direction of folding inFIG. 14 andFIG. 15 . The edges of the bottom surface layers 3 meet to form abutt seam 5 as shown inFIG. 14A andFIG. 15A . Theedges 5 may be attached or bonded to thefilm region 2 at that point. -
FIG. 16 is a cross-section of a butt seam at line X-X as indicated inFIG. 14A . Theseam 5 indicates the edges of the fabric or other substrate that is folded over and bonded or attached. Thepolymer film region 2 may be bonded to thetop surface 1, thebottom surface 3 or two both the top and bottom surfaces. The foldedportion 42 is indicated to demonstrate the orientation of layer prior to bonding, however, where the fabric is sufficiently thin, the cross-section will appear substantially linear. Also, aspace 44 is shown to demonstrate that the bondedfilm 2 may not extend to the foldedportion 42 of the fabric, however, thisspace 44 may be absent depending on the bonding technique because the film may melt and fill this available space. - Depending on the desired effect of the polyurethaneurea composition when applied as a film or dispersion from the aqueous dispersion described herein, the weight average molecular weight of the polymer in the film may vary from about 40,000 to about 150,000, including from about 100,000 to about 150,000 and about 120,000 to about 140,000.
- In some embodiments, the polymer film may act as an adhesive to attach two or more layers of fabric or foam, or to attach a layer of fabric to foam. One suitable method for accomplishing this is to apply a dispersion to a layer by any suitable method. Methods for applying the dispersions of some embodiments include spraying, kissing, printing, brushing, dipping, padding, dispensing, metering, painting, and combinations thereof. This may be followed by application of heat and/or pressure.
- The same methods for applying polyurethaneurea dispersion can be used for application of adhesive to attach a film to a fabric or foam layer. Examples of adhesives include thermoset or thermoplastic adhesives, pressure sensitive adhesives, hot melt adhesives, and combinations thereof. The adhesive may be used to adhere the different layers and may be applied to any of the fabric, foam or polyurethaneurea films or dispersion. Moreover, the polyurethaneurea aqueous dispersions may also be used as an adhesive to adhere more than one layer of any fabric, foam or polyurethaneurea film as described in some embodiments. Alternatively, the polymer film may be sewn into the garment.
- As described above, there are a variety of fabric constructions that are useful for the articles of the present invention. Furthermore, the polyurethane composition may be either a film or a dispersion in any of these embodiments. In addition, the polyurethaneurea composition may provide structural properties, flexibility, adhesion, or any combination of these. The order of layer arrangement may be (1) fabric layer, foam layer, polyurethaneurea composition layer; (2) fabric layer, foam layer, polyurethaneurea composition layer, foam layer, fabric layer; (3) fabric layer, polyurethaneurea composition layer, fabric layer; (4) foam layer, polyurethaneurea layer, foam layer; (5) foam layer, polyurethaneurea composition layer; (6) fabric layer, polyurethaneurea layer; or any combination of these which may be combined to achieve more layers in the fabric construction. An adhesive may be included to adhere any of the layers, including wherein the polyurethaneurea composition is the adhesive.
- A variety of different fibers and yarns may be used with the fabrics of some embodiments. These include cotton, wool, acrylic, polyamide (nylon), polyester, spandex, regenerated cellulose, rubber (natural or synthetic), bamboo, silk, soy or combinations thereof.
- Aqueous polyurethane dispersions useful in some embodiments of the invention are provided from particular urethane prepolymers, which are described below in more detail.
- Urethane prepolymers, or capped glycols, can generally be conceptualized as the reaction product of a polyol, a polyisocyanate, and a compound capable of salt-forming upon neutralization, before the prepolymer is dispersed in water and is chain-extended. Such prepolymers can typically be made in one or more steps, with or without solvents. Depending on whether the prepolymer is dissolved in a less volatile solvent (such as MEK, or NMP) which will remain in the dispersion; dissolved in a volatile solvent such as acetone, which can be later removed; or is dispersed in water without any solvent; the dispersion process can be classified in practice as the solvent process, acetone process, or prepolymer mixing process. The prepolymer mixing process has environmental and economical advantages, and therefore is also useful as the basic process for making the aqueous dispersions in the present invention.
- In the prepolymer mixing process, it is important that the viscosity of the prepolymer is adequately low enough, without dilution by a solvent, to be transported and dispersed in water. The present invention in one embodiment, relates to polyurethane dispersions derived from such a prepolymer, which meet this viscosity requirement and do not have any organic solvent in the prepolymer or in the dispersion. In accordance with the invention, the prepolymer is the reaction product of a polyol (a), a diisocyanate (b) and a diol compound (c). However, prepolymers including an organic solvent are also contemplated.
- The present invention can provide stable, aqueous polyurethane dispersions, which can be processed and applied directly as adhesive materials (i.e., without the need of any additional adhesive materials) for coating, bonding, and lamination to substrates by conventional techniques. Aqueous polyurethane dispersions falling within the scope of the present invention may be provided with or without the use of volatile organic materials; with acceptable curing time in production; and with good adhesion strength, heat resistance, and stretch/recovery properties in finished products and in practical applications.
- Polyurethaneurea polymer films which may or may not be adhesive can be coated on a release paper, whereby aqueous dispersions of the can be used for bonding and lamination to substrates including textile fabrics. The adhesion can be activated by applying heat and/or pressure onto a substrate and the adhesive film with a residence time of less than one minute, for example, from about 15 seconds to about 60 seconds. The thus bonded articles have good stretch/recovery properties and are expected to be durable in normal wear and wash cycles.
- Polyol components suitable as a starting material for preparing urethane prepolymers, according to the invention, are polyether glycols, polycarbonate glycols, and polyester glycols of number average molecular weight of about 600 to about 3,500.
- Examples of polyether polyols that can be used include those glycols with two or more hydroxy groups, from ring-opening polymerization and/or copolymerization of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, trimethylene oxide, tetrahydrofuran, and 3-methyltetrahydrofuran, or from condensation polymerization of a polyhydric alcohol, preferably a diol or diol mixtures, with less than 12 carbon atoms in each molecule, such as ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-
pentanediol 1,6-hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, 1,7-heptanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, 1,10-decanediol and 1,12-dodecanediol. A linear, bifunctional polyether polyol is preferred, and a poly(tetramethylene ether) glycol of molecular weight of about 1,700 to about 2,100, such as Terathane® 1800 (Invista) with a functionality of 2, is particularly preferred in the present invention. - Examples of polyester polyols that can be used include those ester glycols with two or more hydroxy groups, produced by condensation polymerization of aliphatic polycarboxylic acids and polyols, or their mixtures, of low molecular weights with no more than 12 carbon atoms in each molecule. Examples of suitable polycarboxylic acids are malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, undecanedicarboxylic acid, and dodecanedicarboxylic acid. Examples of suitable polyols for preparing the polyester polyols are ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-
pentanediol 1,6-hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, 1,7-heptanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, 1,10-decanediol and 1,12-dodecanediol. A linear bifunctional polyester polyol with a melting temperature of about 5° C. to about 50° C. is preferred. - Examples of polycarbonate polyols that can be used include those carbonate glycols with two or more hydroxy groups, produced by condensation polymerization of phosgene, chloroformic acid ester, dialkyl carbonate or diallyl carbonate and aliphatic polyols, or their mixtures, of low molecular weights with no more than 12 carbon atoms in each molecule. Examples of suitable polyols for preparing the polycarbonate polyols are diethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, 1,7-heptanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, 1,10-decanediol and 1,12-dodecanediol. A linear, bifunctional polycarbonate polyol with a melting temperature of about 5° C. to about 50° C. is preferred.
- The polyisocyanate component (b), suitable as another starting material for making urethane prepolymers according to the invention, can be an isomer mixture of diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) containing 4,4′-methylene bis(phenyl isocyanate) and 2,4′-methylene bis(phenyl isocyanate) in the range of 4,4′-MDI to 2,4′-MDI isomer ratios of between about 65:35 to about 35:65, preferably in the range of about 55:45 to about 45:55 and more preferably at about 50:50. Examples of suitable polyisocyanate components include Mondur® ML (Bayer), Lupranate® MI (BASF), and Isonate® 50 O,P′ (Dow Chemical).
- Diol compounds (c), suitable as further starting materials for preparing urethane prepolymers according to the invention, include at least one diol compound with: (i) two hydroxy groups capable of reacting with the polyisocyanates b); and (ii) at least one carboxylic acid group capable of forming salt upon neutralization and incapable of reacting with the polyisocyanates (b). Typical examples of diol compounds (c) having a carboxylic acid group, include 2,2-dimethylopropionic acid (DMPA), 2,2-dimethylobutanoic acid, 2,2-dimethylovaleric acid, and DMPA initiated caprolactones such as CAPA® HC 1060 (Solvay). DMPA is preferred in the present invention.
- The prepolymer can be prepared by mixing starting materials (a), (b), and (c) together in one step and by reacting at temperatures of about 50° C. to about 100° C. for adequate time until all hydroxy groups are essentially consumed and a desired % NCO of the isocyanate group is achieved. Alternatively, this prepolymer can be made in two steps by first reacting starting material (a) with excess (b), followed by reacting with component (c) until a final desired % NCO of the prepolymer is achieved. For example, the % NCO may range from about 1.3 to about 6.5, such as from about 1.8 to about 2.6. Significantly, no organic solvent is added to or mixed with the starting materials before, during or after the reaction. Optionally, a catalyst may be used to facilitate the prepolymer formation.
- In an embodiment of the present invention, the prepolymer comprises components (a), (b), and (c), which are combined together and provided in the following ranges of weight percentages, based on the total weight of the prepolymer:
- about 34% to about 89% of component (a);
about 59% to about 10% of component (b); and
about 7.0% to about 1.0% of component (c). - In another embodiment of present invention, the prepolymer comprises Terathane® 1800 polyether glycol as component (a), Mondur® ML diisocyanate as component (b), and 2,2-dimethylopropionic acid (DMPA) as component (c). Within such embodiments, these components may, for example, be present in the following ranges of weight percentages, based on the total weight of the prepolymer:
-
a) Terathane ® 1800 polyether glycol: about 61% to about 80%; b) Mondur ® ML diisocyanate: about 35% to about 18%; and c) 2,2-dimethylopropionic acid (DMPA): about 4.0% to about 2.0%. - The prepolymer prepared from components (a), (b) and (c) may have a bulk viscosity (without any solvent present) below about 6,000 poises, such as below about 4,500 poises, measured by the falling ball method at 40° C. This prepolymer, containing carboxylic acid groups along the polymer chains, can be dispersed with a high-speed disperser into a de-ionized water medium that comprises: at least one neutralizing agent (d), to form an ionic salt with the acid; at least one surface active agent (ionic and/or non-ionic dispersant or surfactant); and, optionally, at least one diamine chain extension component (f). Alternatively, the neutralizing agent can be mixed with the prepolymer before being dispersed into the water medium. At least one antifoam and/or defoam agent and preferably at least one rheological modifier can be added to the water medium before, during, or after the prepolymer is dispersed.
- Examples of suitable neutralizing agents (d) to convert the acid groups to salt groups include: tertiary amines (such as triethylamine, N,N-diethylmethylamine, N-methylmorpholine, N,N-diisopropylethylamine, and triethanolamine) and alkali metal hydroxides (such as lithium, sodium and potassium hydroxides). Primary and/or secondary amines may be also used as the neutralizing agent for the acid groups. The degrees of neutralization are generally between about 60% to about 140%, for example, in the range of about 80% to about 120% of the acid groups.
- Examples of suitable diamine chain extenders (f) include: 1,2-ethylenediamine, 1,4-butanediamine, 1,6-hexamethylenediamine, 1,12-dodecanediamine, 1,2-propanediamine, 2-methyl-1,5-pentanediamine, 1,2-cyclohexanediamine, 1,4-cyclohexanediamine, 4,4′-methylene-bis(cyclohexylamine), isophorone diamine, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine, meta-tetramethylxylenediamine, and Jeffamine® (Texaco) of molecular weight less than 500.
- Examples of suitable surface active agents include: anionic, cationic, or nonionic dispersants or surfactants, such as sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, ethoxylated nonylphenols, and lauryl pyridinium bromide.
- Examples of suitable antifoaming or deforming or foam controlling agents include: Additive 65 and Additive 62 (silicone based additives from Dow Corning), FoamStar® 1300 (a mineral oil based, silicone free defoamer from Cognis) and Surfynol™ DF 110 L (a high molecular weight acetylenic glycol non-ionic surfactant from Air Products & Chemicals).
- Examples of suitable rheological modifiers include: hydrophobically-modified ethoxylate urethanes (HEUR), hydrophobically-modified alkali swellable emulsions (HASE), and hydrophobically-modified hydroxy-ethyl cellulose (HMHEC).
- At least one monofunctional dialkyl amine compound or monofunctional alcohol, as the blocking agent (e) for isocyanate groups, may be added to the water medium during or after the prepolymer is dispersed to control the weight average molecular weight of the polyurethaneurea polymer. For example, the blocking agent can be added to the water mixture immediately after the prepolymer is dispersed. Optionally at least one polymeric component (g) (MW>about 500), with at least three or more primary and/or secondary amino groups per mole of the polymer, is added to the water medium after the prepolymer is dispersed and the blocking agent is added.
- Examples of suitable mono-functional dialkylamine blocking agents (e) include: N,N-diethylamine, N-ethyl-N-propylamine, N,N-diisopropylamine, N-tert-butyl-N-methylamine, N-tert-butyl-N-benzylamine, N,N-dicyclohexylamine, N-ethyl-N-isopropylamine, N-tert-butyl-N-isopropylamine, N-isopropyl-N-cyclohexylamine, N-ethyl-N-cyclohexylamine, N,N-diethanolamine, and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine. The molar ratio of the amine blocking agent to the isocyanate groups of the prepolymer prior to dispersion in water generally should range from about 0.05 to about 0.50, for example from about 0.20 to about 0.40. Catalysts may be used for the de-blocking reactions.
- Examples of monofunctional alcohol blocking agents (e) include: aliphatic and cycloaliphatic primary and secondary alcohols with 1 to 18 carbons, phenol, substituted phenols, ethoxylated alkyl phenols and ethoxylated fatty alcohols with molecular weight less than about 750, including molecular weight less than 500, hydroxyamines, hydroxymethyl and hydroxyethyl substituted tertiary amines, hydroxymethyl and hydroxyethyl substituted heterocyclic compounds, and combinations thereof, including furfuryl alcohol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)succinimide, 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)morpholine, methanol, ethanol, butanol, neopentyl alcohol, hexanol, cyclohexanol, cyclohexanemethanol, benzyl alcohol, octanol, octadecanol, N,N-diethylhydroxylamine, 2-(diethylamino)ethanol, 2-dimethylaminoethanol, and 4-piperidineethanol, and combinations thereof.
- Examples of the suitable polymeric component (g) include: polyethylenimine, poly(vinylamine), poly(allylamine), and poly(amidoamine) dendrimers.
- An anti-yellowing compound useful in some polyurethaneurea dispersions includes an aliphatic or aromatic isocyanate (mono-functional), an aliphatic diisocyanate, or a combination thereof.
- Examples of anti-yellowing monoisocyanates include aliphatic monoisocyanates, cycloaliphatic isocyanates. Specifically included are compounds of the formula R—N═C═O, where are is aliphatic or cylcoaliphatic such as ethyl-, propyl-, butyl-, pentyl-, hexyl, cyclohexyl-, etc. as well as aromatic monoisocyanates. Aliphatic polyisocyanates have been used in polyurethane applications to reduce yellowing due to the absence of an aromatic group. In the present invention, a monoisocyanate is added to a polyurethaneurea dispersion prepared with an aromatic polyisocyanate and surprisingly results in a composition that has a significant reduction in yellowing of films cast and dried from the dispersion. Yellowing can result from exposure to environmental or process conditions such as heat, NO2, and UV, among others.
- A non-limiting list of suitable monoisocyanates include: 1-methyl-decyl isocyanate, 2-chloroethyl isocyanate, 2-ethylhexyl isocyanate, 2-methylcyclohexyl isocyanate, 3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl isocyanate, 3-chloropropyl isocyanate, 3-isopropenyl-a,a-dimethylbenzyl isocyanate, 3-methylcyclohexyl isocyanate, 4-methycyclohexyl isocyanate, 6-chlorohexyl isocyanate, benzyl isocyanate, cycloheptyl isocyanate, cycloheptyl isocyanate, cyclohexyl isocyanate, cyclohexanemethyl isocyanate, cyclooctyl isocyanate, decyl isocyanate, dodecyl isocyanate, isocyanatoacetic acid n-butyl ester, isopropyl isocyanate, n-hepyl isocyanate, n-hexyl isocyanate, nonyl isocyanate, octadecyl isocyanate, octyl isocyanate, pentyl isocyanate, phenethyl isocyanate, trans-4-methycyclohexyl isocyanate, α-methylbenzyl isocyanate, (3-isocyanatopropyl)triethoxysilane, ethyl 6-isocyanatohexanoate, ethyl 3-isocyanatopropionate, 1-tetradecyl isocyanate, and combinations thereof. An example of a suitable aromatic monoisocyanate includes phenyl isocyanate, which may be used alone or in combination with other aromatic or aliphatic isocyanates.
- A variety of different aliphatic diisocyanates are also useful as anti-yellowing compounds and may be used alone, or in combinations with other aliphatic diisocyanates or a monoisocyanate.
- Other additives that may be optionally included in the aqueous dispersion or in the prepolymer include: anti-oxidants, UV stabilizers, colorants, pigments, crosslinking agents, phase change materials (i.e., Outlast®, commercially available from Outlast Technologies, Boulder, Colo.), antimicrobials, minerals (i.e., copper), microencapsulated well-being additives (i.e., aloe vera, vitamin E gel, aloe vera, sea kelp, nicotine, caffeine, scents or aromas), nanoparticles (i.e., silica or carbon), calcium carbonate, flame retardants, antitack additives, chlorine degradation resistant additives, vitamins, medicines, fragrances, electrically conductive additives, and/or dye-assist agents (i.e., Methacrol®, commercially available from E.I. DuPont de Nemours, Wilmington, Del.). Other additives which may be added to the prepolymer or the aqueous dispersion comprise adhesion promoters, anti-static agents, anti-cratering agents, anti-crawling agents, optical brighteners, coalescing agents, electroconductive additives, luminescent additives, flow and leveling agents, freeze-thaw stabilizers, lubricants, organic and inorganic fillers, preservatives, texturizing agents, thermochromic additives, insect repellants, and wetting agents.
- Such optional additives may be added to the aqueous dispersion before, during, or after the prepolymer is dispersed, as the process allows. No organic solvent is added to the aqueous dispersion at any time.
- Polyurethane aqueous dispersions falling within the scope of the present invention should be expected to have a solids content of from about 10% to about 50% by weight, for example from about 30% to about 45% by weight. The viscosity of polyurethane aqueous dispersions falling within the scope of the present invention may be varied in a broad range from about 10 centipoises to about 100,000 centipoises depending on the processing and application requirements. For example, in one embodiment, the viscosity is in the range of about 500 centipoises to about 30,000 centipoises. The viscosity may be varied by using an appropriate amount of thickening agent, such as from about 0 to about 2.0 wt %, based on the total weight of the aqueous dispersion.
- An organic solvent may also be used in the preparation of films and dispersions of some embodiments. The organic solvent may be used to lower the prepolymer viscosity through dissolution and dilution and/or to assist the dispersion of solid particles of the diol compound having a carboxylic acid group such as 2,2-dimethylopropionic acid (DMPA) to enhance the dispersion quality. It may also serve for the purposes to improve the film uniformity such as reducing streaks and cracks in the coating process.
- The solvents selected for these purposes are substantially or completely non-reactive to isocyanate groups, stable in water, and have a good solubilizing ability for DMPA, the formed salt of DMPA and triethylamine, and the prepolymer. Examples of suitable solvents include N-methylpyrrolidone, N-ethylpyrrolidone, dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether, propylene glycol n-butyl ether acetate, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, 2-propanone (acetone) and 2-butanone (methylethylketone or MEK).
- The amount of solvent added to the films/dispersion of some embodiments may vary. When a solvent is include, suitable ranges of solvent include amounts of less than 50% by weight of the dispersion. Smaller amounts may also be used such as less than 20% by weight of the dispersion, less than 10% by weight of the dispersion, less than 5% by weight of the dispersion and less than 3% by weight of the dispersion.
- There are many ways to incorporate the organic solvent into the dispersion at different stages of the manufacturing process, for example,
-
- 1) The solvent can be added to and mixed with the prepolymer after the polymerization is completed prior to transferring and dispersing the prepolymer, the diluted prepolymer containing the carboxylic acid groups in the backbone and isocyanate groups at the chain ends is neutralized and chain extended while it is dispersed in water.
- 2) The solvent can be added and mixed with other ingredients such as Terathane® 1800, DMPA and Lupranate® MI to make a prepolymer in the solution, and then this prepolymer containing the carboxylic acid groups in the backbone and isocyanate groups at the chain ends in the solution is dispersed in water and at the same time it is neutralized and chain extended.
- 3) The solvent can be added with the neutralized salt of DMPA and Triethylamine (TEA), and mixed with Terathane® 1800 and Lupranate® MI to make the prepolymer prior to dispersion.
- 4) The solvent can be mixed with TEA, and then added to the formed prepolymer prior to dispersion.
- 5) The solvent can be added and mixed with the glycol, followed by the addition of DMPA, TEA and then Lupranate® MI in sequence to a neutralized prepolymer in solution prior to dispersion.
- The aqueous polyurethane dispersions of the some embodiments are particularly suitable for adhesive polymer films, which can be used for fabric bonding, lamination, and adhesion purposes when applied with heat and pressure for a relatively short period of time. Pressures, can for example, range from about atmospheric pressure to about 60 psi and times can range from less than about one second to about 30 minutes in accordance with the bonding method used.
- Such polymer films may be made by coating the dispersion onto a release paper and drying to remove water at temperatures below about 100° C. through commercially available processes to form a film on the paper. The formed film sheets can be slit into strips of desired width and wound-up into spools for later use in applications to form stretch articles, for example textile fabrics. Examples of such applications include: stitch-less or seamless garment constructions; seam seal and reinforcement; labels and patches bonding to garments; and localized stretch/recovery enhancement. The adhesion bonding can be developed in the temperature range of from about 100° C. to about 200° C., such as from about 130° C. to about 200° C., for example, from about 140° C. to about 180° C., in a period of 0.1 seconds to several minutes, for example, less than about one minute. Typical bonding machines are Sew Free (commercially available from SewSystems in Leicester, England), Macpi hemming machine (commercially available from the Macpi Group in Brescia, Italy), Framis hot air welding machine (commercially available from Framis Italy, s p.a. in Milano, Italy). This bonding is expected to be strong and durable when exposed to repeated wear, wash, and stretch in a textile fabric garment.
- The coating, dispersion, or shaped article may be pigmented or colored and also may be used as a design element in that regard.
- In addition, articles with laminated films or dispersions can be molded. For example, fabric can be molded under conditions appropriate for the hard yarn in the fabric. Also, molding may be possible at temperature which will mold the shaped article or dispersion, but below temperatures suitable for molding the hard yarn.
- One suitable method of attaching a layer of polymer film to a substrate is lamination using any method wherein heat or energy is applied to the laminate surface. Methods of heat application include, for example, ultrasonic, direct heat, indirect heat, and microwave. Such direct lamination may provide an advantage in view of other methods used in the art in that the shaped article may not only bond to the a substrate via a mechanical interaction but also via a chemical bond. For example, if the substrate has any reactive hydrogen functional groups, such groups may react with the isocyanate and hydroxyl groups on the dispersion or shaped article, thereby providing a chemical bond between the substrate and the dispersion or shaped article. Such chemical bonding of the dispersion or shaped article to the substrate can give a much stronger bond. Such bonding may occur in dry polymer films that are cured onto a substrate or in wet dispersions that are dried and cured in one step. Materials without an active hydrogen include polypropylene fabrics and anything with a fluoropolymer or a silicone based surface. Materials with an active hydrogen include, for example, nylon, cotton, polyester, wool, silk, cellulosics, acetates, metals, and acrylics. Additionally, articles treated with acid, plasma, or another form of etching may have active hydrogens for adhesion. Dye molecules also may have active hydrogens for bonding.
- Methods and means for applying the polymer films of some embodiments include, but are not limited to: roll coating (including reverse roll coating); use of a metal tool or knife blade (for example, pouring a dispersion onto a substrate and then casting the dispersion into uniform thickness by spreading it across the substrate using a metal tool, such as a knife blade); spraying (for example, using a pump spray bottle); dipping; painting; printing; stamping; and impregnating the article. These methods can be used to apply dispersion directly onto a substrate without the need of further adhesive materials and can be repeated if additional/heavier layers are required. The dispersions can be applied to any fabrics of knits, wovens or nonwovens made from synthetic, natural, or synthetic/natural blended materials for coating, bonding, lamination and adhesion purposes. The water in the dispersion can be eliminated with drying during the processing (for example, via air drying or use of an oven), leaving the precipitated and coalesced polyurethane layer on the fabrics to form an adhesive bond.
- At least one coagulant may optionally be used to control or to minimize penetration of dispersions according to the invention into a fabric or other article. Examples of coagulants that may be used include calcium nitrate (including calcium nitrate tetrahydrate), calcium chloride, aluminum sulfate (hydrated), magnesium acetate, zinc chloride (hydrated) and zinc nitrate.
- An example of a tool that can be used for applying dispersions is a knife blade. The knife blade can be made of metal or any other suitable material. The knife blade can have a gap of a predetermined width and thickness. The gap may range in thickness, for example, from 0.2 mils to 50 mils, such as a thickness of 5 mils, 10 mils, 15 mils, 25 mils, 30 mils, or 45 mils.
- The thickness of the films, solutions, and dispersions may vary depending on the application. In the case of dry polymer films, the final thickness may, for example, range from about 0.1 mil to about 250 mil, such as from about 0.5 mil to about 25 mil, including from about 1 to about 6 mil (one mil=one thousandth of an inch).
- Suitable thicknesses include about 0.5 mil to about 12 mil, about 0.5 to about 10 mil, and about 1.5 mil to about 9 mil. For aqueous dispersions, the amount used may, for example, range from about 2.5 g/m2 to about 6.40 kg/m2, such as from about 12.7 to about 635 g/m2, including from about 25.4 to about 152.4 g/m2.
- Types of planar sheets and tapes that can be coated with dispersions and polymer films falling within the scope of the present invention include, but are not limited to: textile fabrics, including wovens and knits; nonwovens; leather (real or synthetic); paper; metal; plastic; and scrim.
- End articles that can be produced using the dispersions and polymer films falling within the scope of the present invention include, but are not limited to: apparel, which includes any type of garment or article of clothing; knitted gloves; upholstery; hair accessories; bed sheets; carpet and carpet backing; conveyor belts; medical applications, such as stretch bandages; personal care items, including incontinence and feminine hygiene products; and footwear. Articles coated with dispersion or covered with film or tape may be used as sound suppression articles.
- Non-elastic fabrics laminated to polymer films can have improved stretch and recovery and improved molding properties.
- Articles including polymer films, film, tape, or aqueous polyurethane dispersion may be molded. The articles may be made with multiple layers of substrate and shaped article, film, tape, or dispersion. The multi-layered articles also may be molded. Molded and non-molded articles may have different levels of stretch and recovery. The molded articles may comprise a body shaping or body supporting garment, such as a brassiere.
- Examples of apparel or garments that can be produced using dispersions and polymer films, include but are not limited to: undergarments, brassieres, panties, lingerie, swimwear, shapers, camisoles, hosiery, sleepwear, aprons, wetsuits, ties, scrubs, space suits, uniforms, hats, garters, sweatbands, belts, activewear, outerwear, rainwear, cold-weather jackets, pants, shirtings, dresses, blouses, mens and womens tops, sweaters, corsets, vests, knickers, socks, knee highs, dresses, blouses, aprons, tuxedos, bisht, abaya, hijab, jilbab, thoub, burka, cape, costumes, diving suit, kilt, kimono, jerseys, gowns, protective clothing, sari, sarong, skirts, spats, stola, suits, straitjacket, toga, tights, towel, uniform, veils, wetsuit, medical compression garments, bandages, suit interlinings, waistbands, and all components therein.
- The following examples are meant to be exemplary and not limiting of the embodiments described herein.
- Included below are examples of polymer films that are useful in the articles of some embodiments. Testing including inventive and comparative examples are also included.
- Terathane® 1800 is a linear polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMEG), with a number average molecular weight of 1,800 (commercially available from INVISTA S.á.r.L., of Wichita, Kans.);
- Pluracol® HP 4000D is a linear, primary hydroxyl terminated polypropylene ether glycol, with a number average molecular weight of 400 (commercially available from BASF, Bruxelles, Belgium);
- Mondur® ML is an isomer mixture of diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) containing 50-60% 2,4′-MDI isomer and 50-40% 4,4′-MDI isomer (commercially available from Bayer, Baytown, Tex.);
- Lupranate® MI is an isomer mixture of diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) containing 45-55% 2,4′-MDI isomer and 55-45% 4,4′-MDI isomer (commercially available from BASF, Wyandotte, Mich.);
- Isonate® 125MDR is a pure mixture of diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) containing 98% 4,4′-MDI isomer and 2% 2,4′-MDI isomer (commercially available from the Dow Company, Midland, Mich.); and
- DMPA is 2,2-dimethylopropionic acid.
- The following prepolymer samples were prepared with MDI isomer mixtures, such as Lupranate® MI and Mondur® ML, containing a high level of 2,4′-MDI.
- The preparation of the prepolymers was conducted in a glove box with nitrogen atmosphere. A 2000 ml Pyrex® glass reaction kettle, which was equipped with an air pressure driven stirrer, a heating mantle, and a thermocouple temperature measurement, was charged with about 382.5 grams of Terathane® 1800 glycol and about 12.5 grams of DMPA. This mixture was heated to about 50° C. with stirring, followed by the addition of about 105 grams of Lupranate® MI diisocyanate. The reaction mixture was then heated to about 90° C. with continuous stirring and held at about 90° C. for about 120 minutes, after which time the reaction was completed, as the % NCO of the mixture declined to a stable value, matching the calculated value (% NCO aim of 1.914) of the prepolymer with isocyanate end groups. The viscosity of the prepolymer was determined in accordance with the general method of ASTM D1343-69 using a Model DV-8 Falling Ball Viscometer (sold by Duratech Corp., Waynesboro, Va.) operated at about 40° C. The total isocyanate moiety content, in terms of the weight percent of NCO groups, of the capped glycol prepolymer was measured by the method of S. Siggia, “Quantitative Organic Analysis via Functional Group”, 3rd Edition, Wiley & Sons, New York, pp. 559-561 (1963), the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
- The solvent-free prepolymer, as prepared according to the procedures and composition described in Example 1, was used to make a polyurethaneurea aqueous dispersion.
- A 2,000 ml stainless steel beaker was charged with about 700 grams of de-ionized water, about 15 grams of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS), and about 10 grams of triethylamine (TEA). This mixture was then cooled with ice/water to about 5° C. and mixed with a high shear laboratory mixer with rotor/stator mix head (Ross, Model 100LC) at about 5,000 rpm for about 30 seconds. The viscous prepolymer, prepared in the manner as Example 1 and contained in a metal tubular cylinder, was added to the bottom of the mix head in the aqueous solution through flexible tubing with applied air pressure. The temperature of the prepolymer was maintained between about 50° C. and about 70° C. The extruded prepolymer stream was dispersed and chain-extended with water under the continuous mixing of about 5,000 rpm. In a period of about 50 minutes, a total amount of about 540 grams of prepolymer was introduced and dispersed in water. Immediately after the prepolymer was added and dispersed, the dispersed mixture was charged with about 2 grams of Additive 65 (commercially available from Dow Corning®, Midland Mich.) and about 6 grams of diethylamine (DEA). The reaction mixture was then mixed for about another 30 minutes. The resulting solvent-free aqueous dispersion was milky white and stable. The viscosity of the dispersion was adjusted with the addition and mixing of Hauthane HA thickening agent 900 (commercially available from Hauthway, Lynn, Mass.) at a level of about 2.0 wt % of the aqueous dispersion. The viscous dispersion was then filtered through a 40 micron Bendix metal mesh filter and stored at room temperatures for film casting or lamination uses. The dispersion had solids level of 43% and a viscosity of about 25,000 centipoises. The cast film from this dispersion was soft, tacky, and elastomeric.
- The preparation procedures were the same as Example 2, except that DEA was not added into the dispersion after the prepolymer was mixed. Initially, the dispersion appeared to be no different from Example 2.
- Fabric including various laminated films were subjected to stress/strain testing.
- Elongation and tenacity properties were measured on films using a dynamic tensile tester Instron. The sample size was as indicated below. The sample was placed in clamps and extended at a strain rate of 200% elongation per minute until a maximum elongation was reached. The tenacity and elongation were measured just prior to the film break. Similarly, the set % was measured by extending a laminated sample from 0 to 50% elongation for five cycles at a strain rate of 200% per minute. The set % was measured after the fourth cycle.
- The films of Samples A and B are polyurethaneurea films cast from the dispersion of Example 3. The films of Samples D, K, L, and M were polyurethaneurea films cast from the dispersion of Example 2. The films of Samples C, G, H, I, and J were three-layered polyurethaneurea “sandwich” films cast from the dispersion of Example 3, with a film from the dispersion of Example 2 on each side. The film of Sample E and nonwoven of Sample F were prepared from a polypropylene based polymer commercially available from ExxonMobil under the trade name VISTAMAXX. Sample N was a comparative example using a hot melt glue in a dot matrix configuration.
- Using Pacific Fabric a range of tape (narrow strip) and film variants were bonded to fabric. The conditions for preparation of Samples are described in Table 1 below. Each fabric/polymer composition sample had a width of 63.5 mm.
-
TABLE 1 Sample Preparation Description Polymer Composition Press Press Time Press Pressure Sample Description Temp ° C. (sec) (bar) A Film 3 mil thick200 30 5 B Film 1.5 mil thick 200 30 5 C Film 7 mil thick 170 45 5 D 2 Films 2 mil thick170 45 5 E Film 3 mil thick 170 45 5 F Nonwoven 170 45 5 60 oz/yd2 G Film 7 mil thick 170 45 5 H Film 7 mil thick 170 45 5 including 11 side- by side pieces of approximately equal width I Film 7 mil thick 170 45 5 J Film 7 mil thick 170 45 5 K Film 4 mil thick170 45 5 L Film 4 mil thick 170 45 5 M Film 4 mil thick 170 45 5 N Dot matrix 150 30 5 - These samples were tested in Instron cycling to 120% elongation, 3 times and measuring the elongation (set) on the fourth load at 25 gram force (as shown in
FIG. 17 ). The first cycle data is shown inFIG. 19 for samples A-G and inFIG. 20 for samples H—N as shown inFIG. 17 . By evaluating this data one can see that the stress/strain behavior of the base fabric can be enhanced by the application of the polyurethaneurea films prepared from the dispersions of Examples 2 and 3. The films add power, particularly the samples include films of Example 3 (A, B, C, G, H, I, and J). The set data suggests that when compared to a stretch narrow bra wing the laminated wings using films including the composition of Example 3 can give comparable recovery (set) and power (load/unload). The laminated wings including the composition of Example 3 can offer improved performance vs. commercial bra wings of laminated fabrics/foam constructions. - To demonstrate effect of altering stress profile of a garment, a commercially available bra was retrofit with a range of film and narrow film/tape variants as shown in Table 2. These film/tape variants were applied to the bra wing which has a substantially trapezoidal shape. The commercially available bra was Victoria's Secret: Secret Embrace Style 6505, size 36C. These garments were fit and wear tested.
- The polymer composition of
Test 12 was a polyurethaneurea film cast and dried from the dispersion of Example 2. The polymer composition ofTests Tests 1, 4-7, 15, 18, and 19 include three-layered polyurethaneurea “sandwich” films cast from the dispersion of Example 3, with a film from the dispersion of Example 2 on each side.Test 8 is the control including no retrofit polymer composition.Tests Test 16 and the nonwoven ofTest 17 were prepared from a polypropylene based polymer commercially available from ExxonMobil under the trade name VISTAMAXX. -
TABLE 2 Retrofit of Commercial Bra Polymer Composition Time Pressure Test Description of Modification Description Temp ° C. (sec) (bar) 1 Tape along edge 8 mm width, 7 mil thick 175 45 5 2 Cover entire wing 1.5 mil thick 200 30 5 3 Cover entire wing 3 mil thick 175 45 5 4 Tape along edge 6 mm width, 7 mil thick 175 45 5 5 Tape along edge 8 mm width, 7 mil thick 175 45 5 6 Tape along edge 10 mm width, 7 mil thick 175 45 5 7 Cover entire wing 1.5 mil thick 200 30 5 8 Control None 165 45 5 9 Tape along edge 6 mm width, 6 mil thick 200 30 5 10 Trapezoid shape according 1.5 mil thick 175 45 5 to FIG. 1 with edges 4 folded over and bonded 11 Trapezoid shape of wing 3 mil thick 175 45 5 folded in half and reversed 180° 12 Two film layers covering 4 mil thick 175 45 5 entire wing 13 Trapezoid shape covering 1.5 mil thick 175 45 5 entire wing 14 Trapezoid shape covering 2 mil thick 165 45 5 entire wing 15 Narrow film applied 7 mil thick 175 45 5 according to FIG. 3 16 Trapezoid shape covering 4 mil thick 165 45 5 entire wing 17 Trapezoid shape covering Nonwoven 90 oz/yd2 165 45 5 entire wing 18 Narrow film applied 7 mil thick 150 45 5 according to FIG. 3 19 Film bonded to edges 7 mil thick 150 45 5 20 Film bonded to edges 2 mil thick 150 45 5 21 Film bonded to edges 3 mil thick 175 45 5 - The film of
Test 3 and Test 8 (control) were compared for compression force measured with Gebiom Dynamic Force Sensor. Measurements were taken in the center of the bra wing where the film had been bonded to the garment. Results are shown inFIG. 18 . By comparing the force of the control garment versus the garment with the film inTest 3 bonded to it, concluded that adding this film provided about 3× the compressive force of garment alone. From this, it was extrapolated that a film of similar composition having a half the thickness would result in a compressive force approximately equal to that of the garment alone. While it would be expected that the film would result in a compressive force approximately equal to that of 2× the garment alone. - Using this information, the intent was to construct a garment in which along the length of the bra wing would result an equal compressive force on the body. The bra wing is essentially a trapezoid shape, as shown in
FIGS. 1 to 3 . - Since the bra wing is wider at the front (where it is attached to the bra) than the back (where it is attached to a hook or eye closure), the front of the bra wing will have a higher force when worn at equal elongation. To improve the comfort, an inverted trapezoid of polyurethaneurea film of 1.5 mil thickness (Test 10) was applied by bonding to the bra wing trapezoid as shown in the
FIG. 1 . - Similarly, Test 11 was made using an inverted trapezoid of 3 mil thick polyurethaneurea film of Example 3 bonded to the bra wing trapezoid, except that the trapezoid was cut in half along the length, since the 3 mil thick film has 2× the compressive force of the bra wing.
-
Test 18, was prepared using a tape of 10 mm wide film. This was bonded diagonally from the bottom of the cup to the top of the hook/eye closure, as shown inFIG. 3 . This provided a means to uplift, improve the comfort and fit of the bra by engineered design and placement of the increased power and recovery. - The resultant bras were fit and wear tested. The improved comfort and fit was validated by the fit model for the retrofit bras of
Tests - While the present invention has been described in an illustrative manner, it should be understood that the terminology used is intended to be in a nature of words or description rather than of limitation. Furthermore, while the present invention has been described in terms of several illustrative embodiments, it is to be appreciated that those skilled in the art will readily apply these teachings to other possible variations of the invention.
Claims (20)
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/354,030 US20090181599A1 (en) | 2008-01-15 | 2009-01-15 | Garment with altered stress profile |
US15/161,749 US10104925B2 (en) | 2008-01-15 | 2016-05-23 | Garment with altered stress profile |
US15/496,432 US10544543B2 (en) | 2008-01-15 | 2017-04-25 | Garment incorporating aqueous polyurethane dispersions having altered stress profile |
US16/709,107 US11473237B2 (en) | 2008-01-15 | 2019-12-10 | Garment incorporating aqueous polyurethane dispersions having altered stress profile |
US17/064,803 US11692304B2 (en) | 2008-01-15 | 2020-10-07 | Garment incorporating waterproof or water resilient aqueous polyurethane dispersions and/or having altered stress profile |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US2124108P | 2008-01-15 | 2008-01-15 | |
US12/354,030 US20090181599A1 (en) | 2008-01-15 | 2009-01-15 | Garment with altered stress profile |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US15/161,749 Division US10104925B2 (en) | 2008-01-15 | 2016-05-23 | Garment with altered stress profile |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20090181599A1 true US20090181599A1 (en) | 2009-07-16 |
Family
ID=40851053
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12/354,030 Abandoned US20090181599A1 (en) | 2008-01-15 | 2009-01-15 | Garment with altered stress profile |
US15/161,749 Active 2029-03-23 US10104925B2 (en) | 2008-01-15 | 2016-05-23 | Garment with altered stress profile |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US15/161,749 Active 2029-03-23 US10104925B2 (en) | 2008-01-15 | 2016-05-23 | Garment with altered stress profile |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US20090181599A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2237688B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5619623B2 (en) |
KR (2) | KR101648591B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN101969801B (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0905743B1 (en) |
TW (1) | TWI489951B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2009091853A2 (en) |
Cited By (49)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20090047481A1 (en) * | 2007-08-15 | 2009-02-19 | Cupid Foundations, Inc. | Garments having a curable polymer thereon and a system and method for its manufacture |
US20090305608A1 (en) * | 2006-03-03 | 2009-12-10 | Bonnin Michel Andre | Method for Making a Concave-Shaped Textile Lingerie Article, in Particular a Brassiere Cup, by Edge-to-Edge Assembly of Two Pieces to at Least One Curved Edge and Resulting Article |
US20100092720A1 (en) * | 2008-10-15 | 2010-04-15 | High Voltage Graphics, Inc. | Multi-Colored Two-Part Flocked Transfer and Method of Making and Process of Using the Same |
US20100154101A1 (en) * | 2008-12-23 | 2010-06-24 | Tai-Kuang Wang | Method for elastic sweatband and headgear using the same |
US20100221980A1 (en) * | 2009-02-27 | 2010-09-02 | Lee-Anne Kassel | Brassiere and brassiere accessory especially for lactating mothers |
US20110016610A1 (en) * | 2009-07-27 | 2011-01-27 | Steven Wieder | Sweatband with absorbent bamboo inner layer and related method of use |
US20110041232A1 (en) * | 2008-05-01 | 2011-02-24 | Invista North America S.A.R.I. | Garment bands including polymer compositions |
US20110201734A1 (en) * | 2008-10-17 | 2011-08-18 | Invista North America S.A.R.L. | Aqueous polyurethanurea compositions including dispersions and films |
WO2013039945A1 (en) * | 2011-09-14 | 2013-03-21 | University Of Delaware | Impact-resistant pad and method of manufacturing |
US20130131563A1 (en) * | 2010-03-25 | 2013-05-23 | Sigvaris Ag | Novel compression textiles |
US8475905B2 (en) | 2007-02-14 | 2013-07-02 | High Voltage Graphics, Inc | Sublimation dye printed textile |
US20140273738A1 (en) * | 2013-03-12 | 2014-09-18 | Glyn RAVEN | Pad for a Brassiere Cup |
US8984668B2 (en) | 2012-09-10 | 2015-03-24 | Levi Strauss & Co. | Body shaping fit system |
WO2015084865A1 (en) * | 2013-12-02 | 2015-06-11 | Invista Technologies S.A R.L. | Shape enhancing garments with discontinuous elastic polymer composition |
US20150201682A1 (en) * | 2012-07-25 | 2015-07-23 | Arena Distribution S.A. | Swim suit, particularly for competition swimming |
US9175436B2 (en) | 2010-03-12 | 2015-11-03 | High Voltage Graphics, Inc. | Flocked articles having a resistance to splitting and methods for making the same |
US9180728B2 (en) | 2010-06-18 | 2015-11-10 | High Voltage Graphics, Inc. | Dimensional, patterned heat applied applique or transfer made from knit textile |
USRE45802E1 (en) | 2005-07-28 | 2015-11-17 | High Voltage Graphics, Inc. | Flocked articles having noncompatible insert and porous film |
US9193214B2 (en) | 2012-10-12 | 2015-11-24 | High Voltage Graphics, Inc. | Flexible heat sealable decorative articles and method for making the same |
US20150335078A1 (en) * | 2014-05-26 | 2015-11-26 | Regina Miracle International (Group) Limited | Bra and bra components |
US9560885B2 (en) * | 2012-11-12 | 2017-02-07 | Hanes Operations Europe Sas | Bra cup having an enhancing effect |
US9566206B2 (en) | 2011-03-23 | 2017-02-14 | SIGVARIS Inc. | Graduated compression garments |
US9603391B1 (en) * | 2016-03-21 | 2017-03-28 | Domoho Best Textile Co., Ltd. | Method of forming an underwire channel of a bra |
US20170099884A1 (en) * | 2015-10-07 | 2017-04-13 | Mast Industries (Far East) Limited | Portion of bra and bra having zones of varying elastic moduli |
US9717289B1 (en) | 2014-06-27 | 2017-08-01 | Spanx, Inc. | Garments having targeted compressive areas and methods of manufacturing the same |
US20170265530A1 (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2017-09-21 | Theya Lingerie Ltd. | Post surgery brassiere garment |
GR1009189B (en) * | 2016-07-21 | 2018-01-10 | Παναγιωτης Ιωαννου Ζηνας | Gluteus muscle-lifting corset incorporated or attached to the feminine apparel |
US9885128B2 (en) * | 2011-05-13 | 2018-02-06 | Milliken & Company | Energy-absorbing textile material |
WO2018034709A1 (en) | 2016-08-17 | 2018-02-22 | Invista North America S.A R.L. | Aqueous polyurethane dispersions, prepolymers, and shaped articles made therefrom |
WO2018048590A1 (en) | 2016-09-07 | 2018-03-15 | Invista North America S.A.R.L. | Stretch nonwovens and films |
US9980524B2 (en) * | 2012-08-10 | 2018-05-29 | Tara M. Gallagher | Woman's undergarment |
US20180206564A1 (en) * | 2017-01-20 | 2018-07-26 | Jun Ji | Process for producing a knitted sweatband |
US20180295899A1 (en) * | 2015-04-30 | 2018-10-18 | The Hong Kong Research Institute Of Textiles And Apparel Limited | Dynamic elastic one-way water-guiding sportswear |
US10104925B2 (en) | 2008-01-15 | 2018-10-23 | Invista North America S.A.R.L. | Garment with altered stress profile |
US20190029345A1 (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2019-01-31 | Equiline S.R.L. | Clothing item |
WO2019089516A1 (en) | 2017-11-03 | 2019-05-09 | A&At Llc | Methods for use of aqueous polyurethane dispersions and articles made thereby |
US20190261718A1 (en) * | 2018-02-27 | 2019-08-29 | Vans, Inc. | Stowable hood for apparel |
US10544543B2 (en) | 2008-01-15 | 2020-01-28 | The Lycra Company Llc | Garment incorporating aqueous polyurethane dispersions having altered stress profile |
US10694788B2 (en) | 2018-04-20 | 2020-06-30 | Victoria Profeta | Non-slip undergarment |
WO2021011667A1 (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2021-01-21 | Nakabugo Patricia Kayanga | Bamboo and nonwoven disposable garments |
US20210291483A1 (en) * | 2017-11-10 | 2021-09-23 | Chen-Cheng Huang | Composite cloth |
US20220256943A1 (en) * | 2021-02-12 | 2022-08-18 | Chico's Brands Investments, Inc. | Bra pad and method for manufacturing same |
CN115003264A (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2022-09-02 | 诺伊拉尔泰德公司 | Pressure applying garment |
US11432595B1 (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2022-09-06 | Grand Gain Industrial Limited | Cup, mold and underwear |
US20220287391A1 (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2022-09-15 | Hayley E. Segar | Raw cut edge swimsuit, and methods of making and using the same |
US20230088813A1 (en) * | 2020-02-25 | 2023-03-23 | Silueta (Private) Limited | Supporting garment article and method of producing a supporting garment article |
US11632990B2 (en) * | 2018-08-10 | 2023-04-25 | Torrid LLC | Reduced-coverage back-smoothing brassiere |
US11692304B2 (en) | 2008-01-15 | 2023-07-04 | The Lycra Company Llc | Garment incorporating waterproof or water resilient aqueous polyurethane dispersions and/or having altered stress profile |
US11930865B2 (en) | 2018-12-21 | 2024-03-19 | Levi Strauss & Co. | Garment with zonal stretch weaving |
Families Citing this family (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR20120065200A (en) * | 2010-12-11 | 2012-06-20 | 조상준 | Elongation-proof treated fabrics of apparel end , the process for making elongation-proof treated fabrics of apparel end, apparel end made from elnogation-proof treated fabrics, the apparel attached the apparel end made from elnogation-proof treated fabrics |
CN103620099B (en) * | 2011-03-28 | 2015-09-23 | 株式会社华歌尔 | Fabric and use its clothing |
US10582730B2 (en) * | 2014-06-04 | 2020-03-10 | Laurie BRAVERMAN | Brassiere |
DE202014009376U1 (en) | 2014-11-26 | 2015-02-27 | Sven Bahrke | Cosmetic products containing chitosan / chitooligosaccharides for the care of teeth, mouth and throat |
US11213078B2 (en) * | 2015-06-10 | 2022-01-04 | Nike, Inc. | Support garment with lock down support |
GB2551534B (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2019-01-16 | Sheffield Hallam Univ | Brassiere with inflatable bladder |
US10660375B2 (en) | 2016-12-01 | 2020-05-26 | Chico's Brands Investments | Brassiere having reduced seams in the back and method of making |
CN112888558A (en) * | 2018-10-08 | 2021-06-01 | 维珍妮国际(集团)有限公司 | Clothing product and manufacturing method thereof |
USD922728S1 (en) | 2019-07-02 | 2021-06-22 | Honeylove Sculptwear, Inc. | Garment |
US20210093022A1 (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2021-04-01 | Ikar (Israel) Ltd | Seamless bra |
USD955689S1 (en) | 2019-11-15 | 2022-06-28 | Honeylove Sculptwear, Inc. | Garment |
US11696606B2 (en) | 2019-12-06 | 2023-07-11 | Under Armour, Inc. | Athletic bra |
USD947492S1 (en) | 2019-12-10 | 2022-04-05 | Honeylove Sculptwear, Inc. | Garment |
US11758950B2 (en) | 2020-01-24 | 2023-09-19 | Holly Zhang | Medicinal underwear for reducing pressure |
USD952289S1 (en) | 2020-02-07 | 2022-05-24 | Under Armour, Inc. | Brassiere |
US11877605B2 (en) * | 2020-11-19 | 2024-01-23 | Nike, Inc. | Knit lower-body garment |
US11771144B1 (en) | 2023-01-17 | 2023-10-03 | Mast Industries (Far East) Limited | Bra, bra cup, and method of manufacturing same |
Citations (22)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4701964A (en) * | 1986-07-29 | 1987-10-27 | International Playtex, Inc. | Garment having additional support to selected portions |
US4826894A (en) * | 1987-05-19 | 1989-05-02 | Mobay Corporation | Aqueous polyurethane-ureas dispersions and their use for the production of coatings having improved humidity resistance |
US5162481A (en) * | 1990-03-30 | 1992-11-10 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Polyurethaneurea composition |
US5391343A (en) * | 1992-10-26 | 1995-02-21 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Thin-walled articles of polyurethaneurea |
US5447462A (en) * | 1993-04-13 | 1995-09-05 | Playtex Apparel, Inc. | Fabric laminate and garments incorporating same |
US5461122A (en) * | 1993-02-05 | 1995-10-24 | Th. Goldschmidt Ag | Waterproof, moisture vapor permeable polyurethane urea polymer comprising polycaprolactone and polydimethyl siloxane soft segments |
US5660577A (en) * | 1992-05-19 | 1997-08-26 | Lovable Italiana S.P.A. | Brassiere |
US5879596A (en) * | 1996-11-13 | 1999-03-09 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Low temperature process for making polyurethaneureas |
US5916829A (en) * | 1995-03-30 | 1999-06-29 | Playtex Apparel, Inc. | Laminated fabric with uniform pattern of adhesive securement and garments made therefrom |
US6000994A (en) * | 1997-01-13 | 1999-12-14 | Salotto; Luciano | Method for making bras and the like |
US6203901B1 (en) * | 1996-06-24 | 2001-03-20 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Polyurethane fibers and films |
US6238266B1 (en) * | 1998-10-22 | 2001-05-29 | Milliken & Company | Support garment fabrics with cross-linked polyurethane latices coated thereon |
US6287168B1 (en) * | 2000-06-14 | 2001-09-11 | Alba-Waldensian, Inc. | Substantially seamless brassiere, and blank and method for making same |
US6645040B2 (en) * | 2001-11-09 | 2003-11-11 | Tefron Ltd. | Two-ply support garment and method of making same |
US6837771B2 (en) * | 2001-02-06 | 2005-01-04 | Playtex Apparel, Inc. | Undergarments made from multi-layered fabric laminate material |
US6966815B2 (en) * | 2002-06-14 | 2005-11-22 | Invists North America S.R.R.L. | Shaped anti-roll supports and garments incorporating such supports |
US7192332B2 (en) * | 2004-11-12 | 2007-03-20 | Regina Miracle International Limited | Brassiere |
US20070082579A1 (en) * | 2005-10-11 | 2007-04-12 | Invista North America S.A.R.L | Brassiere construction using multiple layers of fabric |
US7240371B2 (en) * | 2005-02-11 | 2007-07-10 | Invista North America S.A.R.L. | Solvent free aqueous polyurethane dispersions and adhesive films therefrom for stretch fabrics |
US20080153388A1 (en) * | 2006-12-21 | 2008-06-26 | Zhen Qiang Liu | Brassieres |
US7425516B2 (en) * | 2005-02-23 | 2008-09-16 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Polyurethane urea solutions |
US7749207B2 (en) * | 2005-03-15 | 2010-07-06 | Hbi Branded Apparel Enterprises, Llc | Elastomeric laminates and garments formed thereby |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2530328Y2 (en) * | 1992-10-02 | 1997-03-26 | 株式会社ワコール | clothes |
JPH073505A (en) * | 1993-06-10 | 1995-01-06 | Sane Orijin Kk | Shape-up clothes |
JPH09136937A (en) * | 1995-11-13 | 1997-05-27 | Du Pont Toray Co Ltd | Elastic resin, elastic resin molding, clothing, and auxiliary material for clothing |
TW475887B (en) * | 2000-04-20 | 2002-02-11 | Wacoal Corp | Leg portions supporting wear |
JP2005290613A (en) * | 2004-03-31 | 2005-10-20 | Wacoal Corp | Cup material, and garment having cup part made of the cup material |
US20070264462A1 (en) * | 2005-02-11 | 2007-11-15 | Invista North America S.A R.L. | Laminated fabric construction with heat activated polyurethaneurea compositions |
US20060183849A1 (en) * | 2005-02-11 | 2006-08-17 | Invista North America S.A R.L. | Solvent free aqueous polyurethane dispersions and adhesive films therefrom for stretch fabrics |
US20080004395A1 (en) * | 2005-02-11 | 2008-01-03 | Invista North America S.A.R.L. | Aqueous polyurethaneurea compositions including dispersions and films |
US20060183850A1 (en) * | 2005-02-11 | 2006-08-17 | Invista North America S.A.R.L. | Solvent free aqueous polyurethane dispersions and shaped articles therefrom |
CN200997917Y (en) * | 2007-02-01 | 2008-01-02 | 彭隽 | Brassiere with side wings |
WO2009091853A2 (en) | 2008-01-15 | 2009-07-23 | Invista Technologies S.A R.L. | Garment with altered stress profile |
US8048895B2 (en) * | 2008-04-18 | 2011-11-01 | Research Triangle Institute | Kappa opioid receptor ligands |
-
2009
- 2009-01-15 WO PCT/US2009/031042 patent/WO2009091853A2/en active Application Filing
- 2009-01-15 CN CN200980109165.XA patent/CN101969801B/en active Active
- 2009-01-15 US US12/354,030 patent/US20090181599A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-01-15 TW TW098101424A patent/TWI489951B/en active
- 2009-01-15 JP JP2010542435A patent/JP5619623B2/en active Active
- 2009-01-15 KR KR1020107015581A patent/KR101648591B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2009-01-15 KR KR1020157028636A patent/KR101753506B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2009-01-15 EP EP09702065.5A patent/EP2237688B1/en active Active
- 2009-01-15 BR BRPI0905743-9A patent/BRPI0905743B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2016
- 2016-05-23 US US15/161,749 patent/US10104925B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (27)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4701964A (en) * | 1986-07-29 | 1987-10-27 | International Playtex, Inc. | Garment having additional support to selected portions |
US4826894A (en) * | 1987-05-19 | 1989-05-02 | Mobay Corporation | Aqueous polyurethane-ureas dispersions and their use for the production of coatings having improved humidity resistance |
US5162481A (en) * | 1990-03-30 | 1992-11-10 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Polyurethaneurea composition |
US5660577A (en) * | 1992-05-19 | 1997-08-26 | Lovable Italiana S.P.A. | Brassiere |
US5391343A (en) * | 1992-10-26 | 1995-02-21 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Thin-walled articles of polyurethaneurea |
US5461122A (en) * | 1993-02-05 | 1995-10-24 | Th. Goldschmidt Ag | Waterproof, moisture vapor permeable polyurethane urea polymer comprising polycaprolactone and polydimethyl siloxane soft segments |
US5447462A (en) * | 1993-04-13 | 1995-09-05 | Playtex Apparel, Inc. | Fabric laminate and garments incorporating same |
US5916829A (en) * | 1995-03-30 | 1999-06-29 | Playtex Apparel, Inc. | Laminated fabric with uniform pattern of adhesive securement and garments made therefrom |
US6203901B1 (en) * | 1996-06-24 | 2001-03-20 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Polyurethane fibers and films |
US5879596A (en) * | 1996-11-13 | 1999-03-09 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Low temperature process for making polyurethaneureas |
US6000994A (en) * | 1997-01-13 | 1999-12-14 | Salotto; Luciano | Method for making bras and the like |
US6238266B1 (en) * | 1998-10-22 | 2001-05-29 | Milliken & Company | Support garment fabrics with cross-linked polyurethane latices coated thereon |
US6287168B1 (en) * | 2000-06-14 | 2001-09-11 | Alba-Waldensian, Inc. | Substantially seamless brassiere, and blank and method for making same |
US6837771B2 (en) * | 2001-02-06 | 2005-01-04 | Playtex Apparel, Inc. | Undergarments made from multi-layered fabric laminate material |
US7682219B2 (en) * | 2001-02-06 | 2010-03-23 | Hbi Branded Apparel Enterprises, Llc | Undergarments made from multi-layered fabric laminate material |
US6645040B2 (en) * | 2001-11-09 | 2003-11-11 | Tefron Ltd. | Two-ply support garment and method of making same |
US6966815B2 (en) * | 2002-06-14 | 2005-11-22 | Invists North America S.R.R.L. | Shaped anti-roll supports and garments incorporating such supports |
US7192332B2 (en) * | 2004-11-12 | 2007-03-20 | Regina Miracle International Limited | Brassiere |
US7563152B2 (en) * | 2004-11-12 | 2009-07-21 | Regina Miracle International Limited | Brassiere |
US20070213457A1 (en) * | 2005-02-11 | 2007-09-13 | Invista North Amerca S.A R .L | Solvent free aqueous polyurethane dispersions and adhesive films therefrom for stretch fabrics |
US7240371B2 (en) * | 2005-02-11 | 2007-07-10 | Invista North America S.A.R.L. | Solvent free aqueous polyurethane dispersions and adhesive films therefrom for stretch fabrics |
US8058343B2 (en) * | 2005-02-11 | 2011-11-15 | Invista North America S.àr.l. | Solvent free aqueous polyurethane dispersions and adhesive films therefrom for stretch fabrics |
US7425516B2 (en) * | 2005-02-23 | 2008-09-16 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Polyurethane urea solutions |
US7749207B2 (en) * | 2005-03-15 | 2010-07-06 | Hbi Branded Apparel Enterprises, Llc | Elastomeric laminates and garments formed thereby |
US7300331B2 (en) * | 2005-10-11 | 2007-11-27 | Invista North America S.Ar.L. | Brassiere construction using multiple layers of fabric |
US20070082579A1 (en) * | 2005-10-11 | 2007-04-12 | Invista North America S.A.R.L | Brassiere construction using multiple layers of fabric |
US20080153388A1 (en) * | 2006-12-21 | 2008-06-26 | Zhen Qiang Liu | Brassieres |
Cited By (64)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
USRE45802E1 (en) | 2005-07-28 | 2015-11-17 | High Voltage Graphics, Inc. | Flocked articles having noncompatible insert and porous film |
US20090305608A1 (en) * | 2006-03-03 | 2009-12-10 | Bonnin Michel Andre | Method for Making a Concave-Shaped Textile Lingerie Article, in Particular a Brassiere Cup, by Edge-to-Edge Assembly of Two Pieces to at Least One Curved Edge and Resulting Article |
US8475905B2 (en) | 2007-02-14 | 2013-07-02 | High Voltage Graphics, Inc | Sublimation dye printed textile |
US20090047481A1 (en) * | 2007-08-15 | 2009-02-19 | Cupid Foundations, Inc. | Garments having a curable polymer thereon and a system and method for its manufacture |
US10104925B2 (en) | 2008-01-15 | 2018-10-23 | Invista North America S.A.R.L. | Garment with altered stress profile |
US11692304B2 (en) | 2008-01-15 | 2023-07-04 | The Lycra Company Llc | Garment incorporating waterproof or water resilient aqueous polyurethane dispersions and/or having altered stress profile |
US10544543B2 (en) | 2008-01-15 | 2020-01-28 | The Lycra Company Llc | Garment incorporating aqueous polyurethane dispersions having altered stress profile |
US20110041232A1 (en) * | 2008-05-01 | 2011-02-24 | Invista North America S.A.R.I. | Garment bands including polymer compositions |
US9854861B2 (en) * | 2008-05-01 | 2018-01-02 | Invista North America S.A.R.L. | Garment bands including polymer compositions |
US20100092720A1 (en) * | 2008-10-15 | 2010-04-15 | High Voltage Graphics, Inc. | Multi-Colored Two-Part Flocked Transfer and Method of Making and Process of Using the Same |
US20110201734A1 (en) * | 2008-10-17 | 2011-08-18 | Invista North America S.A.R.L. | Aqueous polyurethanurea compositions including dispersions and films |
US20100154101A1 (en) * | 2008-12-23 | 2010-06-24 | Tai-Kuang Wang | Method for elastic sweatband and headgear using the same |
US20100221980A1 (en) * | 2009-02-27 | 2010-09-02 | Lee-Anne Kassel | Brassiere and brassiere accessory especially for lactating mothers |
US20110016610A1 (en) * | 2009-07-27 | 2011-01-27 | Steven Wieder | Sweatband with absorbent bamboo inner layer and related method of use |
US9175436B2 (en) | 2010-03-12 | 2015-11-03 | High Voltage Graphics, Inc. | Flocked articles having a resistance to splitting and methods for making the same |
US20130131563A1 (en) * | 2010-03-25 | 2013-05-23 | Sigvaris Ag | Novel compression textiles |
US10149799B2 (en) * | 2010-03-25 | 2018-12-11 | Sigvaris Ag | Compression textiles |
US9180729B2 (en) | 2010-06-18 | 2015-11-10 | High Voltage Graphics, Inc. | Heat applied appliqué or transfer with enhanced elastomeric functionality |
US9180728B2 (en) | 2010-06-18 | 2015-11-10 | High Voltage Graphics, Inc. | Dimensional, patterned heat applied applique or transfer made from knit textile |
US9566206B2 (en) | 2011-03-23 | 2017-02-14 | SIGVARIS Inc. | Graduated compression garments |
US9885128B2 (en) * | 2011-05-13 | 2018-02-06 | Milliken & Company | Energy-absorbing textile material |
WO2013039945A1 (en) * | 2011-09-14 | 2013-03-21 | University Of Delaware | Impact-resistant pad and method of manufacturing |
US9854853B2 (en) * | 2012-07-25 | 2018-01-02 | Arena Distribution S.A. | Swim suit, particularly for competition swimming |
US20150201682A1 (en) * | 2012-07-25 | 2015-07-23 | Arena Distribution S.A. | Swim suit, particularly for competition swimming |
US9980524B2 (en) * | 2012-08-10 | 2018-05-29 | Tara M. Gallagher | Woman's undergarment |
US8984668B2 (en) | 2012-09-10 | 2015-03-24 | Levi Strauss & Co. | Body shaping fit system |
US9193214B2 (en) | 2012-10-12 | 2015-11-24 | High Voltage Graphics, Inc. | Flexible heat sealable decorative articles and method for making the same |
US9560885B2 (en) * | 2012-11-12 | 2017-02-07 | Hanes Operations Europe Sas | Bra cup having an enhancing effect |
US9289017B2 (en) * | 2013-03-12 | 2016-03-22 | Chico's Brands Investments | Pad for a brassiere cup |
US20140273738A1 (en) * | 2013-03-12 | 2014-09-18 | Glyn RAVEN | Pad for a Brassiere Cup |
WO2015084865A1 (en) * | 2013-12-02 | 2015-06-11 | Invista Technologies S.A R.L. | Shape enhancing garments with discontinuous elastic polymer composition |
US10104917B2 (en) | 2013-12-02 | 2018-10-23 | Invista North America S.A R.L. | Shape enhancing garments with discontinuous elastic polymer composition |
CN105813491A (en) * | 2013-12-02 | 2016-07-27 | 英威达技术有限公司 | Shape enhancing garments with discontinuous elastic polymer composition |
US20150335078A1 (en) * | 2014-05-26 | 2015-11-26 | Regina Miracle International (Group) Limited | Bra and bra components |
US10092043B2 (en) * | 2014-05-26 | 2018-10-09 | Regina Miracle International (Group) Limited | Bra and bra components |
US9717289B1 (en) | 2014-06-27 | 2017-08-01 | Spanx, Inc. | Garments having targeted compressive areas and methods of manufacturing the same |
US20170265530A1 (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2017-09-21 | Theya Lingerie Ltd. | Post surgery brassiere garment |
US10357065B2 (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2019-07-23 | Theya Lingerie Ltd. | Post surgery brassiere garment |
US20180295899A1 (en) * | 2015-04-30 | 2018-10-18 | The Hong Kong Research Institute Of Textiles And Apparel Limited | Dynamic elastic one-way water-guiding sportswear |
US9883702B2 (en) * | 2015-10-07 | 2018-02-06 | Mast Industries (Far East) Limited | Portion of bra and bra having zones of varying elastic moduli |
US20170099884A1 (en) * | 2015-10-07 | 2017-04-13 | Mast Industries (Far East) Limited | Portion of bra and bra having zones of varying elastic moduli |
US9603391B1 (en) * | 2016-03-21 | 2017-03-28 | Domoho Best Textile Co., Ltd. | Method of forming an underwire channel of a bra |
GR1009189B (en) * | 2016-07-21 | 2018-01-10 | Παναγιωτης Ιωαννου Ζηνας | Gluteus muscle-lifting corset incorporated or attached to the feminine apparel |
WO2018034709A1 (en) | 2016-08-17 | 2018-02-22 | Invista North America S.A R.L. | Aqueous polyurethane dispersions, prepolymers, and shaped articles made therefrom |
US11312808B2 (en) | 2016-08-17 | 2022-04-26 | The Lycra Company Llc | Aqueous polyurethane dispersions, prepolymers, and shaped articles made therefrom |
WO2018048590A1 (en) | 2016-09-07 | 2018-03-15 | Invista North America S.A.R.L. | Stretch nonwovens and films |
US20180206564A1 (en) * | 2017-01-20 | 2018-07-26 | Jun Ji | Process for producing a knitted sweatband |
US10750804B2 (en) * | 2017-01-20 | 2020-08-25 | Jun Ji | Process for producing a knitted sweatband |
US20190029345A1 (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2019-01-31 | Equiline S.R.L. | Clothing item |
US11129428B2 (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2021-09-28 | Equiline S.R.L. | Clothing item |
WO2019089516A1 (en) | 2017-11-03 | 2019-05-09 | A&At Llc | Methods for use of aqueous polyurethane dispersions and articles made thereby |
US20210291483A1 (en) * | 2017-11-10 | 2021-09-23 | Chen-Cheng Huang | Composite cloth |
US20190261718A1 (en) * | 2018-02-27 | 2019-08-29 | Vans, Inc. | Stowable hood for apparel |
US10772372B2 (en) * | 2018-02-27 | 2020-09-15 | Vans, Inc. | Stowable hood for apparel |
US10694788B2 (en) | 2018-04-20 | 2020-06-30 | Victoria Profeta | Non-slip undergarment |
US11632990B2 (en) * | 2018-08-10 | 2023-04-25 | Torrid LLC | Reduced-coverage back-smoothing brassiere |
US11937651B1 (en) | 2018-08-10 | 2024-03-26 | Torrid LLC | Reduced-coverage back-smoothing brassiere |
US11930865B2 (en) | 2018-12-21 | 2024-03-19 | Levi Strauss & Co. | Garment with zonal stretch weaving |
WO2021011667A1 (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2021-01-21 | Nakabugo Patricia Kayanga | Bamboo and nonwoven disposable garments |
CN115003264A (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2022-09-02 | 诺伊拉尔泰德公司 | Pressure applying garment |
US20230088813A1 (en) * | 2020-02-25 | 2023-03-23 | Silueta (Private) Limited | Supporting garment article and method of producing a supporting garment article |
US20220256943A1 (en) * | 2021-02-12 | 2022-08-18 | Chico's Brands Investments, Inc. | Bra pad and method for manufacturing same |
US20220287391A1 (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2022-09-15 | Hayley E. Segar | Raw cut edge swimsuit, and methods of making and using the same |
US11432595B1 (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2022-09-06 | Grand Gain Industrial Limited | Cup, mold and underwear |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BRPI0905743A2 (en) | 2017-06-13 |
BRPI0905743B1 (en) | 2019-11-12 |
JP2011510181A (en) | 2011-03-31 |
JP5619623B2 (en) | 2014-11-05 |
KR101753506B1 (en) | 2017-07-03 |
KR20150119503A (en) | 2015-10-23 |
KR20100114026A (en) | 2010-10-22 |
WO2009091853A3 (en) | 2009-10-08 |
TW200948294A (en) | 2009-12-01 |
CN101969801B (en) | 2014-04-09 |
EP2237688B1 (en) | 2020-03-25 |
WO2009091853A2 (en) | 2009-07-23 |
CN101969801A (en) | 2011-02-09 |
US10104925B2 (en) | 2018-10-23 |
TWI489951B (en) | 2015-07-01 |
US20160286879A1 (en) | 2016-10-06 |
KR101648591B1 (en) | 2016-08-16 |
EP2237688A2 (en) | 2010-10-13 |
EP2237688A4 (en) | 2016-02-17 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US10104925B2 (en) | Garment with altered stress profile | |
US11473237B2 (en) | Garment incorporating aqueous polyurethane dispersions having altered stress profile | |
EP2374827B1 (en) | Solvent free aqueous polyurethane dispersions and shaped articles therefrom | |
EP2181132B1 (en) | Aqueous polyurethaneurea compositions including dispersions and films | |
US20070264462A1 (en) | Laminated fabric construction with heat activated polyurethaneurea compositions | |
US10399313B2 (en) | Bonding of heat-activated films including a plasticizer | |
US20110201734A1 (en) | Aqueous polyurethanurea compositions including dispersions and films | |
US11692304B2 (en) | Garment incorporating waterproof or water resilient aqueous polyurethane dispersions and/or having altered stress profile |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: INVISTA NORTH AMERICA S.A R.L., DELAWARE Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:FARMER, DOUGLAS K.;COVELLI, CARMEN A.;REEL/FRAME:022241/0830;SIGNING DATES FROM 20090202 TO 20090209 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: DEUTSCHE BANK AG, NEW YORK BRANCH, AS COLLATERAL A Free format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:INVISTA NORTH AMERICA S.A.R.L.;REEL/FRAME:024794/0102 Effective date: 20100804 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: INVISTA NORTH AMERICA S.A.R.L., NORTH CAROLINA Free format text: RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:DEUTSCHE BANK AG NEW YORK BRANCH;REEL/FRAME:027211/0298 Effective date: 20111110 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |