US20100012384A1 - Steel Tooth Bit With Scooped Teeth Profile - Google Patents
Steel Tooth Bit With Scooped Teeth Profile Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20100012384A1 US20100012384A1 US12/176,825 US17682508A US2010012384A1 US 20100012384 A1 US20100012384 A1 US 20100012384A1 US 17682508 A US17682508 A US 17682508A US 2010012384 A1 US2010012384 A1 US 2010012384A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- flanks
- crest
- tooth
- underlying
- root
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
- E21B10/50—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts the bit being of roller type
Definitions
- FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate a tooth 28 that typically would be in a heel row in place of heel row 27 in cone 21 of FIG. 1 .
- Tooth 28 is formed with a milling cutter which forms a root 43 , inclined flanks 33 ., 35 and an elongated crest 37 .
- An outer or gage end 39 is located at the outer side adjacent gage surface 29 ( FIG. 1 ), and an inner end 41 is located opposite outer end 39 .
- Hardfacing 45 is applied to the flanks 33 , 35 , and crest 37 .
- Tooth 28 has a centerline 49 ( FIG. 3 ) which is substantially symmetrical and bisects tooth 28 . Centerline 49 extends through the axis of rotation of cone 21 .
- FIG. 7 is another sectional view similar to FIG. 4 , but showing a third alternate embodiment of a tooth hardfaced in accordance with this invention.
- the invention has significant advantages. By forming a steel tooth with a scoop-shape with convex and concave flanks, the localized interaction between the tooth structure and the formation are altered, leading to higher rate of penetration or longer production life. By varying the centerline axis of a steel tooth, the local force on the formation may be increased.
Abstract
Description
- This invention relates to improvements to earth-boring tools, especially to steel-tooth bits that use hardfacing to enhance wear resistance.
- The earliest rolling cutter earth-boring bits had teeth machined integrally from steel, conically shaped, earth disintegrating cutters. These bits, commonly known as “steel-tooth” or “mill-tooth” bits, are typically used for penetrating relatively soft geological formations of the earth. The strength and fracture-toughness of steel teeth permits the effective use of relatively long teeth, which enables the aggressive gouging and scraping action that is advantageous for rapid penetration of soft formations with low compressive strengths.
- However, it is rare that geological formations consist entirely of soft material with low compressive strength. Often, there are streaks of hard, abrasive materials that a steel-tooth bit should penetrate economically without damage to the bit. Although steel teeth possess good strength, abrasion resistance is inadequate to permit continued rapid penetration of hard or abrasive streaks.
- Consequently, it has been common in the art since at least the early 1930s to provide a layer of wear resistant metallurgical material called “hardfacing” over those portions of the teeth exposed to the severest wear. The hardfacing typically consists of extremely hard particles, such as sintered, cast or macrocrystalline tungsten carbide dispersed in a steel, cobalt or nickel alloy binder or matrix. Such hardfacing materials are applied by heating with a torch a tube of the particles that welds to the surface to be hardfaced a homogeneous dispersion of hard particles in the matrix. After hardfacing, the cone is preferably heat treated, which typically includes carburizing and quenching from a high temperature to harden the cone. The particles are much harder than the matrix but more brittle. After hardening, the matrix has a hardness preferably in the range from 53 to 68 Rockwell C (RC). The mixture of hard particles with a softer but tougher steel matrix is a synergistic combination that produces a good hardfacing. There have been a variety of different hardfacing materials and patterns, including special tooth configurations, to improve wear resistance or provide self sharpening.
-
FIG. 1 shows a prior art mill-tooth bit 11. Earth-boring bit 11 includes abit body 13 havingthreads 15 at its upper extent for connectingbit 11 into a drill string (not shown). Each leg ofbit 11 may be provided with alubricant compensator 17. At least onenozzle 19 may be provided inbit body 13 for directing pressurized drilling fluid from within the drill string andbit 11 against the bottom of the bore hole. -
Cones FIG. 1 ), are rotatably secured to respective legs ofbit body 13. A plurality ofinner row teeth 25 andouter row teeth 27 are arranged in generally circumferential rows oncones heel row teeth 27 are located at the outer edges of eachcone adjacent gage surfaces 29. Each bit leg has ashirttail portion 31 on its outer sideadjacent gage surface 29 ofcones inner row teeth 25,heel row teeth 27,gage surface 29 and also to shirttail 31. -
FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate atooth 28 that typically would be in a heel row in place ofheel row 27 incone 21 ofFIG. 1 .Tooth 28 is formed with a milling cutter which forms aroot 43, inclined flanks 33., 35 and anelongated crest 37. An outer orgage end 39 is located at the outer side adjacent gage surface 29 (FIG. 1 ), and aninner end 41 is located oppositeouter end 39. Hardfacing 45 is applied to theflanks crest 37.Tooth 28 has a centerline 49 (FIG. 3 ) which is substantially symmetrical andbisects tooth 28.Centerline 49 extends through the axis of rotation ofcone 21. - The earth-boring bit of this invention has at least one hardfaced steel tooth with a scoop-shaped profile. The scoop-shaped profile is formed by milling or hardfacing a tooth to have at least one flank with a concave profile. Additionally, the tooth may contain one flank with a concave profile and another with a convex profile. The centerline of the tooth may be moved to alter the angle between the flanks and the centerline to vary the manner in which the tooth engages the formation.
-
FIG. 1 is a side elevation of a prior art earth-boring bit. -
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of one tooth of one of the cutters of the prior art bit ofFIG. 1 . -
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the tooth ofFIG. 2 . -
FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a hardfaced tooth constructed in accordance of this invention. -
FIG. 5 is a sectional view similar toFIG. 4 , but showing an alternate embodiment of the hardfaced tooth. -
FIG. 6 is another sectional view similar toFIG. 4 , but showing a second alternate embodiment of a tooth hardfaced in accordance with this invention. -
FIG. 7 is another sectional view similar toFIG. 4 , but showing a third alternate embodiment of a tooth hardfaced in accordance with this invention. -
FIG. 8 is another sectional view similar toFIG. 4 , but showing a fourth alternate embodiment of a tooth hardfaced in accordance with this invention. -
FIG. 9 is another sectional view similar toFIG. 4 , but showing a fifth alternate embodiment of a tooth hardfaced in accordance with this invention. -
FIG. 4 illustrates atooth 53 constructed in accordance of this invention.Tooth 53 is formed with a milling cutter (not shown) which forms aroot 51,inclined flanks crest 59. Flank 55 is milled with a concave profile, andflank 57 is milled with a convex profile. The terms “concave” and “convex” are used broadly to mean inward and outward curved surfaces.Flanks Flanks crest 59. The result is a scoop-shaped tooth 53. Hardfacing 61 is preferably applied in an even thickness toflanks crest 59. - In one embodiment,
tooth 53 has acenterline 63 that bisectstooth 53, withflank 55 on one side andflank 57 on the other.Centerline 63 extends through the axis of rotation of the cone:centerline 63 would equally bisectflanks flanks cone flanks tooth 53 is not symmetrical aboutaxis 63 when viewed in the sectional plane ofFIG. 4 . If viewed in a sectional plane perpendicular to that ofFIG. 4 ,tooth 53 could appear symmetrical. -
FIG. 5 illustrates analternate embodiment tooth 66 constructed in accordance of this invention.Tooth 66 is formed with a milling cutter which forms aroot 67, inclined flanks 69, 71 and acrest 73.Flanks crest 73.Flanks Hardfacing 75 is applied in varying thickness to flanks 69, 71, andcrest 73. In the embodiment shown, thehardfacing 75 thickness varies on theconcave flank 69 andconvex flank 71 between thecrest 73 and theroot 67. More specifically, thehardfacing 75 thickness on the flankupper section 69 c proximate thecrest 73 and the flanklower section 69 a proximate theroot 67 is greater than thehardfacing 75 thickness proximate the flankmiddle section 69 b. Thehardfacing 75 thickness change between these three sections defines a semi-circular surface on thehardfacing 75 curving outward from theflank 69 at the upper andlower sections Hardfacing 75 is applied toflank 71 with a thickness atsection 71 b offlank 71 that is greater than that atsections hardfacing 75 in this manner is a convex profile formed onflank 71. Combining aconcave flank 69 and aconvex flank 71 forms a scoop-shapedtooth 66. -
Tooth 66 has acenterline 77 bisectstooth 66 and extends through the axis of rotation of the cone. Prior to hardfacing, flanks 69, 71 are symmetrical aboutcenterline 77 in the plane shown inFIG. 5 . Offlanks cone cone -
FIG. 6 illustrates a secondalternate embodiment tooth 81 constructed in accordance of this invention.Tooth 81 is formed with a milling cutter which forms aroot 79, inclined flanks 83, 85 and acrest 89.Flanks crest 89. Arecess 87 is milled intoflank 85 at a location betweenroot 79 andcrest 89. In the embodiment illustrated,hardfacing 91 is applied in an even thickness to flanks 83, 85,recess 87, andcrest 89.Recess 87 forms a concave like profile onflank 85. The result is a scoop-shapedtooth 81. -
Tooth 81 has acenterline 93 which bisectstooth 81 equally prior to formingrecess 87.Centerline 93 intersects the axis of rotation of the cone. After hardfacing, flanks 83, 85 are asymmetrical aboutcenterline 93 in the plane shown inFIG. 6 . Offlanks cutters cone -
FIG. 7 illustrates a thirdalternate embodiment tooth 97 constructed in accordance of this invention.Tooth 97 is formed with a milling cutter which forms aroot 95, inclined flanks 99, 101 and acrest 103.Flanks crest 103.Flanks hardfacing 105.Hardfacing 105 is applied in varying thickness toflank 99. More specifically, thehardfacing 105 thickness on the flankupper section 99 c proximate thecrest 103 and the flanklower section 99 a proximate theroot 95 is greater than thehardfacing 105 thickness proximate the flankmiddle section 99 b. Thehardfacing 105 thickness change between these three sections defines arecess 100 on thehardfacing 105 curving inward toward theflank 69 at themiddle section 99 b to thereby form a concave like surface.Hardfacing 75 is applied evenly to crest 103 andflank 101. The result is a scoop-shapedtooth 95. -
Tooth 95 has acenterline 107 which bisectstooth 95 prior to applying hardfacing. After hardfacing, flanks 99, 101 are asymmetrical aboutcenterline 107 in the plane shown inFIG. 7 . Offlanks cutters cutter -
FIGS. 8 and 9 illustrate anotheralternate embodiment tooth 111 constructed in accordance of this invention. A milling cutter forms a root (not shown), inclinedflanks crest 117.Flanks crest 117.Hardfacing 119 is applied in an even thickness to flanks 113, 115, andcrest 117. - Referring to
FIG. 8 ,radial line 123 extends fromcrest 117 through the axis ofrotation 121 of thecone 124.Cone 124 direction of rotation is indicated by the arrow.Centerline 125 is substantially equidistant betweenflanks flanks Centerline 125 is not normal to the cylindrical surface of thecone 124 and does not intersectaxis 121.Tooth 111 tilts to the left.Centerline 125 lagsradial line 123.Centerline 125 andradial line 123 intersect each other atcrest 117 at anacute angle 127. - Referring to
FIG. 9 ,radial line 131 extends fromcrest 117 through the axis ofrotation 129 ofcone 135.Cone 135 direction of rotation is indicated by the arrow.Centerline 133 is substantially equidistant betweenflanks flanks Centerline 133 is not normal to the cylindrical surface of thecone 135 and does not intersectaxis 129.Tooth 111 tilts to the right.Centerline 133 leadsradial line 131.Centerline 133 andradial line 131 intersect each other atcrest 117 anacute angle 137. - The various orientations of a bit tooth may be varied by changing the lead or lag of the centerline relative to the radial line, and the angle at which to two lines intersect. Various orientations may have some structural advantages per bending moments, etc. The orientation of the tooth may be varied with all the embodiments of the present invention, and is not limited to
tooth 111. - The invention has significant advantages. By forming a steel tooth with a scoop-shape with convex and concave flanks, the localized interaction between the tooth structure and the formation are altered, leading to higher rate of penetration or longer production life. By varying the centerline axis of a steel tooth, the local force on the formation may be increased.
- While the invention has been shown in only a few of its forms, it should be apparent to those skilled in the art that it is not so limited, but is susceptible to various changes without departing from the scope of the invention. For example, although shown only on a heel row tooth, the milling and hardfacing in accordance with this invention could also be applied to inner row teeth and various tooth geometries.
Claims (20)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/176,825 US7779937B2 (en) | 2008-07-21 | 2008-07-21 | Steel tooth bit with scooped teeth profile |
PCT/US2009/050677 WO2010011543A2 (en) | 2008-07-21 | 2009-07-15 | Steel tooth bit with scooped teeth profile |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/176,825 US7779937B2 (en) | 2008-07-21 | 2008-07-21 | Steel tooth bit with scooped teeth profile |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20100012384A1 true US20100012384A1 (en) | 2010-01-21 |
US7779937B2 US7779937B2 (en) | 2010-08-24 |
Family
ID=41529294
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12/176,825 Expired - Fee Related US7779937B2 (en) | 2008-07-21 | 2008-07-21 | Steel tooth bit with scooped teeth profile |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US7779937B2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2010011543A2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN110185397A (en) * | 2019-07-11 | 2019-08-30 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of circular arc-parabola-circular arc tooth structure |
WO2020180330A1 (en) * | 2019-03-07 | 2020-09-10 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Shaped cutter arrangements |
Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5152194A (en) * | 1991-04-24 | 1992-10-06 | Smith International, Inc. | Hardfaced mill tooth rotary cone rock bit |
US6161634A (en) * | 1997-09-04 | 2000-12-19 | Minikus; James C. | Cutter element with non-rectilinear crest |
US6206115B1 (en) * | 1998-08-21 | 2001-03-27 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Steel tooth bit with extra-thick hardfacing |
US6360832B1 (en) * | 2000-01-03 | 2002-03-26 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Hardfacing with multiple grade layers |
US6374704B1 (en) * | 1996-04-26 | 2002-04-23 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Steel-tooth bit with improved toughness |
US6530441B1 (en) * | 2000-06-27 | 2003-03-11 | Smith International, Inc. | Cutting element geometry for roller cone drill bit |
US6615936B1 (en) * | 2000-04-19 | 2003-09-09 | Smith International, Inc. | Method for applying hardfacing to a substrate and its application to construction of milled tooth drill bits |
US6725952B2 (en) * | 2001-08-16 | 2004-04-27 | Smith International, Inc. | Bowed crests for milled tooth bits |
US6923276B2 (en) * | 2003-02-19 | 2005-08-02 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Streamlined mill-toothed cone for earth boring bit |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6367568B2 (en) | 1997-09-04 | 2002-04-09 | Smith International, Inc. | Steel tooth cutter element with expanded crest |
-
2008
- 2008-07-21 US US12/176,825 patent/US7779937B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2009
- 2009-07-15 WO PCT/US2009/050677 patent/WO2010011543A2/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5152194A (en) * | 1991-04-24 | 1992-10-06 | Smith International, Inc. | Hardfaced mill tooth rotary cone rock bit |
US6374704B1 (en) * | 1996-04-26 | 2002-04-23 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Steel-tooth bit with improved toughness |
US6161634A (en) * | 1997-09-04 | 2000-12-19 | Minikus; James C. | Cutter element with non-rectilinear crest |
US6206115B1 (en) * | 1998-08-21 | 2001-03-27 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Steel tooth bit with extra-thick hardfacing |
US6360832B1 (en) * | 2000-01-03 | 2002-03-26 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Hardfacing with multiple grade layers |
US6615936B1 (en) * | 2000-04-19 | 2003-09-09 | Smith International, Inc. | Method for applying hardfacing to a substrate and its application to construction of milled tooth drill bits |
US6530441B1 (en) * | 2000-06-27 | 2003-03-11 | Smith International, Inc. | Cutting element geometry for roller cone drill bit |
US6725952B2 (en) * | 2001-08-16 | 2004-04-27 | Smith International, Inc. | Bowed crests for milled tooth bits |
US6948403B2 (en) * | 2001-08-16 | 2005-09-27 | Smith International | Bowed crests for milled tooth bits |
US6923276B2 (en) * | 2003-02-19 | 2005-08-02 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Streamlined mill-toothed cone for earth boring bit |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2020180330A1 (en) * | 2019-03-07 | 2020-09-10 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Shaped cutter arrangements |
CN110185397A (en) * | 2019-07-11 | 2019-08-30 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of circular arc-parabola-circular arc tooth structure |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2010011543A2 (en) | 2010-01-28 |
WO2010011543A3 (en) | 2010-05-14 |
WO2010011543A4 (en) | 2010-07-15 |
US7779937B2 (en) | 2010-08-24 |
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Owner name: BAKER HUGHES INCORPORATED,TEXAS Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:LUCE, DAVID K., MR.;REEL/FRAME:021267/0482 Effective date: 20080715 Owner name: BAKER HUGHES INCORPORATED, TEXAS Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:LUCE, DAVID K., MR.;REEL/FRAME:021267/0482 Effective date: 20080715 |
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