US20100013314A1 - Extending backup times of uninterruptible power supplies - Google Patents
Extending backup times of uninterruptible power supplies Download PDFInfo
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- US20100013314A1 US20100013314A1 US12/174,425 US17442508A US2010013314A1 US 20100013314 A1 US20100013314 A1 US 20100013314A1 US 17442508 A US17442508 A US 17442508A US 2010013314 A1 US2010013314 A1 US 2010013314A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
- H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
- H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
- H02J9/061—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems for DC powered loads
Definitions
- the present invention relates in general to power supplies for electronic devices, and more particularly, but not exclusively, to methods and systems for extending backup times of uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) for use in computing environments.
- UPS uninterruptible power supplies
- UPS uninterruptible power supply
- UPS also known as an uninterruptible power source, uninterruptible power system, continuous power supply (CPS), or a battery backup
- UPS uninterruptible power supply
- a UPS differs from an auxiliary power supply or standby generator, which generally does not provide instant protection from a momentary power interruption.
- UPS is typically used to protect computers, telecommunications equipment, or other electrical equipment where an unexpected power disruption could cause injuries, business disruption, or data loss.
- UPS units range in size from units that will back up a single computer to units that will power entire data centers or buildings. UPS units include batteries or other energy storage devices that supply power to computer systems when utility power is lost.
- the available backup time for a particular UPS is measured as a fixed value at the beginning of a backup event.
- This backup time period is related to the battery energy capacity, the state of charge, the efficiency of the power conversions electronics and the power drain of the electronic components requiring backup. The longer the backup time, the better. During this backup period, all power components can continue to function normally.
- the backup period time for the system is set by the component with the shortest backup period time available. This is unfortunate since usually there is residual energy left elsewhere in the rack. Backed up computer components with lighter power drain can leave most of their energy unused, while computer components with heavier power demands drain their batteries.
- a system for extending backup times using networks of direct current (DC) uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) is provided.
- a first DC UPS has a first input and a first output.
- a second DC UPS has a second input coupled to the first output of the first DC UPS, a second output coupled to at least one electrical load, and a third output coupled to the first input of the first DC UPS.
- Battery current from the first and second DC UPS is shared with the at least one electrical load in the event of a power loss.
- a system for extending backup times using networks of direct current (DC) uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) is provided.
- a plurality of interconnected DC UPS devices is provided.
- An output of a last device of the plurality of devices is coupled to an input of a first device of the plurality of UPS devices to form a loop.
- the battery current from each of the plurality of devices is shared with at least one electrical load coupled to one of the plurality of devices in the event of a power loss.
- a method of manufacturing a system for extending backup times using networks of direct current (DC) uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) is provided.
- a first DC UPS having a first input and a first output is provided.
- a second DC UPS having a second input coupled to the first output of the first DC UPS is provided.
- a second output of the second DC UPS is coupled to at least one electrical load, and a third output of the second DC UPS is coupled to the first input of the first DC UPS.
- Battery current from the first and second DC UPS is shared with the at least one electrical load in the event of a power loss.
- a method of manufacturing a system for extending backup times using networks of direct current (DC) uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) is provided.
- a plurality of interconnected DC UPS devices is provided.
- An output of a last device of the plurality of devices is coupled to an input of a first device of the plurality of UPS devices to form a loop.
- the battery current from each of the plurality of devices is shared with at least one electrical load coupled to one of the plurality of devices in the event of a power loss.
- FIG. 1 is schematic diagram of an exemplary direct current uninterruptible power supply (DC UPS);
- DC UPS direct current uninterruptible power supply
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary network of interconnected DC UPS units to extend backup time
- FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating current versus time during discharge of three networked DC UPS units in a loop configuration.
- UPS uninterruptible power supplies
- the illustrated embodiments below provide mechanisms for extending backup times using networks of uninterruptible power supplies (UPS).
- UPS uninterruptible power supplies
- the embodiments share one or more electrical loads between interconnected UPS units. In this way, all the energy stored in multiple UPS units may be distributed to all electrical components requiring backup.
- a series of direct current uninterruptible power supplies (DC UPS) may be combined in specific network configurations (such as a loop configuration) to allow distribution of the available energy stored in all of the DC UPS units to all electrical loads requiring backup.
- FIG. 1 An example of DC UPS units that may be configured into a network that allows for extending backup times is illustrated in FIG. 1 , following. It should be appreciated, however, that FIG. 1 is only exemplary and is not intended to state or imply any limitation as to the particular architectures in which the exemplary aspects of the illustrative embodiments may be implemented. Many modifications to the architecture depicted in FIG. 1 may be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the following description and claimed subject matter.
- DC UPS 10 is configured with a first DC or alternating current (AC) input 12 .
- DC UPS 10 is also configured with a second DC or AC input 14 .
- Inputs 12 and 14 may accept pure AC, rectified AC, or DC current.
- Input 12 may correspond to a first phase line input (e.g., A), while input 14 may correspond to a second phase line input (e.g., B).
- Circuit protection devices 16 and 18 are coupled to inputs 12 and 14 .
- Circuit protection devices 16 and 18 may, as one skilled in the art will anticipate, vary for a particular implementation.
- circuit protection devices 16 and 18 may include fuses, fuse elements, fusible links, circuit breakers, and the like as the skilled artisan will expect.
- Input 12 is coupled through circuit protection device 16 to a rectifier.
- a full wave rectifier 20 is implemented.
- input 14 is coupled through circuit protection device 18 to full wave rectifier 22 .
- Each full wave rectifier is coupled to common node 24 , where rectified currents are combined.
- a battery 26 supplies backup current in the event of a power disruption. Battery 26 is coupled between ground 28 and a disconnect switch 32 .
- Disconnect switch 32 is in turn coupled to a blocking diode 30 .
- Disconnect switch 32 may be actuated by a controller 34 .
- disconnect switch 32 may be a relay or a similar device. Controller 34 may provide a control signal to the disconnect switch 32 upon a detection of a power disruption from one or more of the inputs 12 and 14 .
- disconnect switch 32 may include transistor devices, such as metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs).
- MOSFETs metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors
- Circuit protection devices 35 and 36 are shown coupled to the common node 24 , and correspond to one of two DC outputs 39 and 40 .
- DC outputs 39 and 40 are adapted for connection to at least one electrical load, and/or adapted for connection to another DC UPS unit 10 .
- Circuit protection devices 35 and 36 may again include fuse and circuit breaker devices as previously described to isolate load faults.
- DC UPS 10 rectifies input currents (input 12 and input 14 ). The outputs of each of the rectified currents are combined at common node 24 . Any phase differences between inputs 12 and 14 are intrinsically canceled as each phase input current is summed at the common node 24 , producing a balanced DC output current that may be distributed to a single load, or shared between multiple loads.
- DC UPS 10 uses a highly efficient and cost-effective method of intrinsic phase balancing.
- the method provides high energy density. There is no need for output synchronization or communication between multiple DC UPS units. Phases from differing power feeds may be combined.
- the intrinsic balancing operates from light to full load, and operates independently of changing load conditions. Assuming appropriate sizing of components internal to DC UPS 10 (such as rectifiers 20 and 22 ), phase balancing functionality may continue even in the event of a loss of one phase/phase line.
- FIG. 2 An exemplary network 42 of interconnected DC UPS units 10 for extending backup time is illustrated in FIG. 2 , following.
- the loop configuration shown in FIG. 2 may include two or more discrete DC UPS units 10 which are interconnected. In the instant embodiment, three interconnected DC UPS units 10 are shown. The output of each DC UPS leads to an input of a following DC UPS.
- each of the DC UPS units 10 are connected in a loop configuration that distributes energy from each battery to its local load and the other loads in the loop.
- the depicted configuration does not require inverter components, which keeps the power-pass-through efficiency high and reduces cost and package size. No synchronization or interconnection is required between the individual DC UPS units 10 .
- a first DC UPS unit 10 has inputs 12 and 14 .
- Input 14 of the first DC UPS unit is coupled to an electrical service 44 .
- Output 39 of the first DC UPS 10 unit is coupled to the input 12 of a second DC UPS unit 1 O.
- Output 40 of the first DC UPS 10 unit is coupled through a first electrical load 46 to ground 48 .
- the input 14 also connected to the electrical service 44 , while output 39 is coupled to a third DC UPS unit 10 , and output 40 is coupled through a second electrical load 50 to ground 52 .
- the output 39 of the third DC UPS unit 10 is coupled to input 12 of the first DC UPS unit 10 , while output 40 of the third DC UPS unit 10 is coupled through a third electrical load 51 to ground 53 .
- the input power from electrical service 44 may no longer be available.
- the energy stored in each of the DC UPS batteries will supply all the power to the loads 46 , 50 , and 51 .
- the battery currents may not be equal. However, the currents converge as the battery terminal voltage is reduced more quickly for batteries with higher current than lower current.
- FIG. 3 illustrates exemplary battery current (in Amperes) along the Y-axis versus discharge time along the X-axis.
- currents 56 , 58 , and 60 (corresponding to battery output current of each of three discrete DC UPS devices) are not equal.
- Current 56 measures approximately 13.5 A
- current 58 measures approximately 12.5 A
- current 60 measures approximately 11.5 A.
- time T 1 marking the passage of a period of time
- the currents 56 , 58 , and 60 have begun to converge.
- the currents converge at point 62 at approximately 15 A apiece.
- battery energy is shared equally amongst the three discrete DC UPS units.
Abstract
Description
- This application is related to U.S. Non-Provisional application Ser. Nos. 12/174,381, 12/174,386, and 12/174,388 filed concurrently herewith and incorporated herein by reference.
- 2. Field of the Invention
- The present invention relates in general to power supplies for electronic devices, and more particularly, but not exclusively, to methods and systems for extending backup times of uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) for use in computing environments.
- 2. Description of the Related Art
- An uninterruptible power supply (UPS), also known as an uninterruptible power source, uninterruptible power system, continuous power supply (CPS), or a battery backup is a device which maintains a continuous supply of electrical power to connected equipment by supplying power from a separate source when utility power is not available. A UPS differs from an auxiliary power supply or standby generator, which generally does not provide instant protection from a momentary power interruption.
- While not limited to safeguarding any particular type of equipment, a UPS is typically used to protect computers, telecommunications equipment, or other electrical equipment where an unexpected power disruption could cause injuries, business disruption, or data loss. UPS units range in size from units that will back up a single computer to units that will power entire data centers or buildings. UPS units include batteries or other energy storage devices that supply power to computer systems when utility power is lost.
- The available backup time for a particular UPS is measured as a fixed value at the beginning of a backup event. This backup time period is related to the battery energy capacity, the state of charge, the efficiency of the power conversions electronics and the power drain of the electronic components requiring backup. The longer the backup time, the better. During this backup period, all power components can continue to function normally.
- In a computer power system comprised of separate power components needing backup, and using separate backup UPS for each component, the backup period time for the system is set by the component with the shortest backup period time available. This is unfortunate since usually there is residual energy left elsewhere in the rack. Backed up computer components with lighter power drain can leave most of their energy unused, while computer components with heavier power demands drain their batteries.
- In light of the foregoing, a need exists for a mechanism to extend overall backup time in environments such as the computing environment described above where a number of separate UPS devices are provided, and some of the separate UPS devices retain much of their energy due to lighter power drain.
- Accordingly, in one embodiment, by way of example only, a system for extending backup times using networks of direct current (DC) uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) is provided. A first DC UPS has a first input and a first output. A second DC UPS has a second input coupled to the first output of the first DC UPS, a second output coupled to at least one electrical load, and a third output coupled to the first input of the first DC UPS. Battery current from the first and second DC UPS is shared with the at least one electrical load in the event of a power loss.
- In an additional embodiment, again by way of example only, a system for extending backup times using networks of direct current (DC) uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) is provided. A plurality of interconnected DC UPS devices is provided. An output of a last device of the plurality of devices is coupled to an input of a first device of the plurality of UPS devices to form a loop. The battery current from each of the plurality of devices is shared with at least one electrical load coupled to one of the plurality of devices in the event of a power loss.
- In an additional embodiment, again by way of example only, a method of manufacturing a system for extending backup times using networks of direct current (DC) uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) is provided. A first DC UPS having a first input and a first output is provided. A second DC UPS having a second input coupled to the first output of the first DC UPS is provided. A second output of the second DC UPS is coupled to at least one electrical load, and a third output of the second DC UPS is coupled to the first input of the first DC UPS. Battery current from the first and second DC UPS is shared with the at least one electrical load in the event of a power loss.
- In still an additional embodiment, again by way of example only, a method of manufacturing a system for extending backup times using networks of direct current (DC) uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) is provided. A plurality of interconnected DC UPS devices is provided. An output of a last device of the plurality of devices is coupled to an input of a first device of the plurality of UPS devices to form a loop. The battery current from each of the plurality of devices is shared with at least one electrical load coupled to one of the plurality of devices in the event of a power loss.
- In order that the advantages of the invention will be readily understood, a more particular description of the invention briefly described above will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments that are illustrated in the appended drawings. Understanding that these drawings depict only typical embodiments of the invention and are not therefore to be considered to be limiting of its scope, the invention will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail through the use of the accompanying drawings, in which:
-
FIG. 1 is schematic diagram of an exemplary direct current uninterruptible power supply (DC UPS); -
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary network of interconnected DC UPS units to extend backup time; and -
FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating current versus time during discharge of three networked DC UPS units in a loop configuration. - The illustrated embodiments below provide mechanisms for extending backup times using networks of uninterruptible power supplies (UPS). The embodiments share one or more electrical loads between interconnected UPS units. In this way, all the energy stored in multiple UPS units may be distributed to all electrical components requiring backup. A series of direct current uninterruptible power supplies (DC UPS) may be combined in specific network configurations (such as a loop configuration) to allow distribution of the available energy stored in all of the DC UPS units to all electrical loads requiring backup.
- An example of DC UPS units that may be configured into a network that allows for extending backup times is illustrated in
FIG. 1 , following. It should be appreciated, however, thatFIG. 1 is only exemplary and is not intended to state or imply any limitation as to the particular architectures in which the exemplary aspects of the illustrative embodiments may be implemented. Many modifications to the architecture depicted inFIG. 1 may be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the following description and claimed subject matter. - DC UPS 10 is configured with a first DC or alternating current (AC)
input 12. DC UPS 10 is also configured with a second DC orAC input 14.Inputs Input 12 may correspond to a first phase line input (e.g., A), whileinput 14 may correspond to a second phase line input (e.g., B).Circuit protection devices inputs Circuit protection devices circuit protection devices -
Input 12 is coupled throughcircuit protection device 16 to a rectifier. In the depicted example, afull wave rectifier 20 is implemented. Similarly,input 14 is coupled throughcircuit protection device 18 tofull wave rectifier 22. Each full wave rectifier is coupled tocommon node 24, where rectified currents are combined. Abattery 26 supplies backup current in the event of a power disruption.Battery 26 is coupled betweenground 28 and adisconnect switch 32. Disconnectswitch 32 is in turn coupled to a blockingdiode 30. Disconnectswitch 32 may be actuated by acontroller 34. For example, disconnectswitch 32 may be a relay or a similar device.Controller 34 may provide a control signal to thedisconnect switch 32 upon a detection of a power disruption from one or more of theinputs switch 32 may include transistor devices, such as metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs). -
Circuit protection devices common node 24, and correspond to one of twoDC outputs DC UPS unit 10.Circuit protection devices -
DC UPS 10 rectifies input currents (input 12 and input 14). The outputs of each of the rectified currents are combined atcommon node 24. Any phase differences betweeninputs common node 24, producing a balanced DC output current that may be distributed to a single load, or shared between multiple loads. -
DC UPS 10 uses a highly efficient and cost-effective method of intrinsic phase balancing. In addition, the method provides high energy density. There is no need for output synchronization or communication between multiple DC UPS units. Phases from differing power feeds may be combined. The intrinsic balancing operates from light to full load, and operates independently of changing load conditions. Assuming appropriate sizing of components internal to DC UPS 10 (such asrectifiers 20 and 22), phase balancing functionality may continue even in the event of a loss of one phase/phase line. - An
exemplary network 42 of interconnectedDC UPS units 10 for extending backup time is illustrated inFIG. 2 , following. The loop configuration shown inFIG. 2 may include two or more discreteDC UPS units 10 which are interconnected. In the instant embodiment, three interconnectedDC UPS units 10 are shown. The output of each DC UPS leads to an input of a following DC UPS. - As is seen, each of the
DC UPS units 10 are connected in a loop configuration that distributes energy from each battery to its local load and the other loads in the loop. The depicted configuration does not require inverter components, which keeps the power-pass-through efficiency high and reduces cost and package size. No synchronization or interconnection is required between the individualDC UPS units 10. - A first
DC UPS unit 10 hasinputs Input 14 of the first DC UPS unit is coupled to anelectrical service 44.Output 39 of thefirst DC UPS 10 unit is coupled to theinput 12 of a second DC UPS unit 1O.Output 40 of thefirst DC UPS 10 unit is coupled through a firstelectrical load 46 toground 48. - Referring now to the second
DC UPS unit 10, theinput 14 also connected to theelectrical service 44, whileoutput 39 is coupled to a thirdDC UPS unit 10, andoutput 40 is coupled through a secondelectrical load 50 toground 52. - To complete the loop configuration, the
output 39 of the thirdDC UPS unit 10 is coupled to input 12 of the firstDC UPS unit 10, whileoutput 40 of the thirdDC UPS unit 10 is coupled through a third electrical load 51 to ground 53. - At the beginning of a battery backup event (such as a detected loss of utility power), the input power from
electrical service 44 may no longer be available. The energy stored in each of the DC UPS batteries will supply all the power to theloads -
FIG. 3 , following, illustrates exemplary battery current (in Amperes) along the Y-axis versus discharge time along the X-axis. At time T0, when the battery backup event begins,currents currents point 62 at approximately 15 A apiece. As thecurrents - While one or more embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated in detail, the skilled artisan will appreciate that modifications and adaptations to those embodiments may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention as set forth in the following claims.
Claims (25)
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