US20100022062A1 - Transitor having a germanium implant region located therein and a method of manufacture therefor - Google Patents
Transitor having a germanium implant region located therein and a method of manufacture therefor Download PDFInfo
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- US20100022062A1 US20100022062A1 US12/573,450 US57345009A US2010022062A1 US 20100022062 A1 US20100022062 A1 US 20100022062A1 US 57345009 A US57345009 A US 57345009A US 2010022062 A1 US2010022062 A1 US 2010022062A1
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- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 12
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 229920005591 polysilicon Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 27
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical group [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 108091006146 Channels Proteins 0.000 claims 4
- 102000004129 N-Type Calcium Channels Human genes 0.000 claims 2
- 108090000699 N-Type Calcium Channels Proteins 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 229910000577 Silicon-germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- LEVVHYCKPQWKOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si].[Ge] Chemical compound [Si].[Ge] LEVVHYCKPQWKOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000348 solid-phase epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic System or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/26—Bombardment with radiation
- H01L21/263—Bombardment with radiation with high-energy radiation
- H01L21/265—Bombardment with radiation with high-energy radiation producing ion implantation
- H01L21/26506—Bombardment with radiation with high-energy radiation producing ion implantation in group IV semiconductors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic System or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/26—Bombardment with radiation
- H01L21/263—Bombardment with radiation with high-energy radiation
- H01L21/265—Bombardment with radiation with high-energy radiation producing ion implantation
- H01L21/26586—Bombardment with radiation with high-energy radiation producing ion implantation characterised by the angle between the ion beam and the crystal planes or the main crystal surface
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic System or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/28—Manufacture of electrodes on semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/268
- H01L21/28008—Making conductor-insulator-semiconductor electrodes
- H01L21/28017—Making conductor-insulator-semiconductor electrodes the insulator being formed after the semiconductor body, the semiconductor being silicon
- H01L21/28026—Making conductor-insulator-semiconductor electrodes the insulator being formed after the semiconductor body, the semiconductor being silicon characterised by the conductor
- H01L21/28105—Making conductor-insulator-semiconductor electrodes the insulator being formed after the semiconductor body, the semiconductor being silicon characterised by the conductor the final conductor next to the insulator having a lateral composition or doping variation, or being formed laterally by more than one deposition step
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/40—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/43—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed
- H01L29/49—Metal-insulator-semiconductor electrodes, e.g. gates of MOSFET
- H01L29/4983—Metal-insulator-semiconductor electrodes, e.g. gates of MOSFET with a lateral structure, e.g. a Polysilicon gate with a lateral doping variation or with a lateral composition variation or characterised by the sidewalls being composed of conductive, resistive or dielectric material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic System or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/28—Manufacture of electrodes on semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/268
- H01L21/28008—Making conductor-insulator-semiconductor electrodes
- H01L21/28017—Making conductor-insulator-semiconductor electrodes the insulator being formed after the semiconductor body, the semiconductor being silicon
- H01L21/28026—Making conductor-insulator-semiconductor electrodes the insulator being formed after the semiconductor body, the semiconductor being silicon characterised by the conductor
- H01L21/2807—Making conductor-insulator-semiconductor electrodes the insulator being formed after the semiconductor body, the semiconductor being silicon characterised by the conductor the final conductor layer next to the insulator being Si or Ge or C and their alloys except Si
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/70—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/77—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate
- H01L21/78—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate with subsequent division of the substrate into plural individual devices
- H01L21/82—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate with subsequent division of the substrate into plural individual devices to produce devices, e.g. integrated circuits, each consisting of a plurality of components
- H01L21/822—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate with subsequent division of the substrate into plural individual devices to produce devices, e.g. integrated circuits, each consisting of a plurality of components the substrate being a semiconductor, using silicon technology
- H01L21/8232—Field-effect technology
- H01L21/8234—MIS technology, i.e. integration processes of field effect transistors of the conductor-insulator-semiconductor type
- H01L21/8238—Complementary field-effect transistors, e.g. CMOS
- H01L21/823828—Complementary field-effect transistors, e.g. CMOS with a particular manufacturing method of the gate conductors, e.g. particular materials, shapes
Definitions
- the present invention is directed, in general, to a semiconductor device and, more specifically, to a transistor having a germanium implant region located therein and a method of manufacture therefor.
- the problems are due, in part, to a larger portion of the polysilicon gate depletion being controlled by the edge depletion. This reduces the effective gate length of the device without reducing the physical gate length of the device, which in turn causes a higher concentration of a halo or pocket implant to be used. Unfortunately, as a higher concentration of the halo or pocket implant is used, the edge depletion region of the polysilicon gate electrode again increases, which further causes an even higher concentration of the halo or pocket implant to be used.
- the increased edge depletion region is believed to be a function of the P-type dopant from the polysilicon gate electrode segregating from the sidewall of the polysilicon gate electrode, while the N-type dopant from the halo or pocket implant piling up at the sidewall of the polysilicon gate electrode.
- What results is an insufficient net P-type doping at the sidewalls of the polysilicon gate electrode, and thus a reduction in the effective gate length of the polysilicon gate electrode. This is not only a cyclical problem that feeds itself, but the carrier injection efficiency of the transistor is substantially degraded as a result of the increasingly higher halo or pocket implant concentrations.
- the present invention provides a transistor having a germanium implant region located therein, a method of manufacture therefor, and an integrated circuit including the aforementioned transistor.
- the transistor in one embodiment, includes a polysilicon gate electrode located over a semiconductor substrate, wherein a sidewall of the polysilicon gate electrode has a germanium implanted region located therein.
- the transistor further includes source/drain regions located within the semiconductor substrate proximate the polysilicon gate electrode.
- the present invention further provides a method of manufacturing the transistor.
- the method includes forming a polysilicon gate electrode over a semiconductor substrate, then implanting a sidewall of the polysilicon gate electrode with germanium, thereby forming a germanium implanted region.
- the method further includes placing source/drain regions within the semiconductor substrate proximate the polysilicon gate electrode.
- an integrated circuit including the aforementioned transistors.
- the integrated circuit includes an interlevel dielectric layer located over the transistors, the interlevel dielectric layer having interconnects located therein for contacting the transistors to form an operational integrated circuit.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a transistor device constructed according to the principles of the present invention
- FIG. 2 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a partially completed transistor device
- FIG. 3 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the partially completed transistor device illustrated in FIG. 2 after formation of a conventional gate structure over the substrate;
- FIG. 4 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the partially completed transistor device illustrated in FIG. 3 after formation of lightly doped source/drain implants within the substrate;
- FIG. 5 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the partially completed transistor device illustrated in FIG. 4 after formation of conventional gate sidewall spacers and after placing halo implants within the substrate;
- FIG. 6A illustrates a cross-sectional view of the partially completed transistor device illustrated in FIG. 5 after implanting germanium into the sidewalls of the polysilicon gate electrode, thereby forming germanium implant regions;
- FIG. 6B illustrates a cross-sectional view of an alternative embodiment of the partially completed transistor device illustrated in FIG. 5 after introducing germanium implant regions only into the sidewalls of the polysilicon gate electrode and gate oxide;
- FIG. 7 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the partially completed transistor device illustrated in FIG. 6A after formation of highly doped source/drain implants within the substrate;
- FIG. 8 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a conventional integrated circuit (IC) incorporating transistor devices constructed according to the principles of the present invention.
- the transistor device 100 includes a substrate 110 .
- a well region 120 Located within the substrate 110 in the embodiment of FIG. 1 is a well region 120 .
- a gate structure 130 located over the substrate 110 and well region 120 is a gate structure 130 .
- the gate structure 130 illustrated in FIG. 1 includes a gate oxide 135 located over the substrate 110 , as well as a polysilicon gate electrode 140 located over the gate oxide 135 . Flanking both sides of the polysilicon gate electrode 140 and gate oxide 135 of the gate structure 130 depicted in FIG. 1 are gate sidewall spacers 145 .
- the transistor device 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 further includes halo implants 150 and conventional source/drain regions 160 located within the substrate 110 .
- the source/drain regions 160 as is common, each include a lightly doped source/drain implant 164 as well as a higher doped source/drain implant 168 .
- Germanium implant regions 170 constructed in accordance with the principles of the present invention may have a variety of dopant concentrations and thicknesses while staying within the broad scope of the present invention. It is believed that germanium implant region 170 dopant concentrations ranging from about 2E21 atoms/cm 3 to about 8E21 atoms/cm 3 are applicable. Additionally, it is believed that germanium implant region 170 thicknesses ranging from about 2 nm to about 15 nm, as well as others, could easily be used.
- the thickness of the germanium implant regions 170 should generally be less than a distance that each of the lightly doped source/drain implants 164 extends under the polysilicon gate electrode 140 .
- the thickness of each of the germanium implant regions 170 should be less than X (e.g., less than 7 nm). If the thickness of the germanium implant regions 170 is larger than the overlap of the lightly doped source/drain implants 164 , germanium may be located in the channel region of the transistor 100 , thus potentially causing scattering on the hole carriers and mobility degradation. Nevertheless, if the thickness of the germanium implant regions 170 are too thin, they will not be able to retain a sufficient amount of the P-type dopant at the sidewalls of the polysilicon gate electrode 140 .
- the germanium implant regions 170 also extend into an upper region of the source/drain regions 160 .
- the germanium implant regions 170 extend into the source/drain regions 160 from about 4 nm to about 10 nm.
- the germanium implant regions 170 may extend into the sidewalls of the gate oxide 135 . Nonetheless, while the germanium implant regions 170 are shown to be located within the sidewalls of the gate oxide 135 and the upper region of the source/drain regions 160 , such is not required, and germanium implant regions 170 localized only in the sidewalls of the polysilicon gate electrode 140 are also desirable.
- germanium implant regions 170 in accordance with the principles of the present invention provide many advantages not experienced in the prior art devices.
- the inclusion of the germanium dopant at the P-type doped polysilicon gate electrode 140 sidewall increases the dopant activation therein, substantially reduces the P-type dopant segregation into the P-type doped polysilicon gate electrode 140 sidewall, and substantially increases the N-type halo dopant segregation into the P-type doped polysilicon gate electrode 140 sidewall.
- the inclusion of the germanium implant regions 170 in the substrate 110 provides certain benefits.
- a high germanium concentration in the lightly doped source/drain region 164 is capable of increasing the P-type dopant activation level by up to one order of magnitude.
- lower lightly doped source/drain region 164 resistance can be achieved.
- a strained layer is formed as a result of the germanium being in the substrate 110 . This strained layer may induce longitudinal stress inside the transistor channel, thus improving the channel mobility. Additionally, the lower lightly doped source/drain region 164 resistance and higher channel mobility may each improve transistor drive current. While it was not previously noted, those skilled in the art understand that the inventive aspects of the present invention are applicable to all kinds of wafer types, including different wafer orientations encompassing silicon-on-insulator (SOI), and other similar wafer orientations.
- SOI silicon-on-insulator
- germanium in the substrate 110 should, however, be tailored to the specific application. For example, if the germanium is implanted too deep into the substrate 110 , defects produced during solid-phase epitaxy may cause LDD-to-substrate leakage. Secondly, if too much germanium dopant spills over into the channel during formation of the germanium implanted regions 170 , then the germanium dopant may cause alloy-scattering during hole carrier conduction, or mobility degradation.
- FIGS. 2-7 illustrated are cross-sectional views of detailed manufacturing steps instructing how one might, in an advantageous embodiment, manufacture a transistor device similar to the transistor device 100 depicted in FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 2 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a partially completed transistor device 200 .
- the partially completed transistor device 200 of FIG. 2 includes a substrate 210 .
- the substrate 210 may, in an exemplary embodiment, be any layer located in the partially completed transistor device 200 , including a wafer itself or a layer located above the wafer (e.g., epitaxial layer).
- a wafer itself e.g., epitaxial layer
- the substrate 210 is a P-type semiconductor substrate; however, one skilled in the art understands that the substrate 210 could be an N-type substrate without departing from the scope of the present invention. In such a case, each of the dopant types described throughout the remainder of this document would be reversed. For clarity, no further reference to this opposite scheme will be discussed.
- shallow trench isolation regions 220 Located within the substrate 210 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 are shallow trench isolation regions 220 .
- the shallow trench isolation regions 220 isolate the transistor device 200 from other devices located proximate thereto.
- steps used to form these conventional shallow trench isolation regions 220 no further detail will be given.
- a well region 230 also formed within the substrate 210 is a well region 230 .
- the well region 230 in light of the P-type semiconductor substrate 210 , would more than likely contain an N-type dopant.
- the well region 230 would likely be doped with an N-type dopant dose ranging from about 1E13 atoms/cm 2 to about 1E14 atoms/cm 2 and at a power ranging from about 100 keV to about 500 keV.
- the well region 230 having a peak dopant concentration ranging from about 5E17 atoms/cm 3 to about 1E19 atoms/cm 3 .
- FIG. 3 illustrated is a cross-sectional view of the partially completed transistor device 200 illustrated in FIG. 2 after formation of a conventional gate structure 310 over the substrate 210 .
- the gate structure 310 includes a gate oxide 320 and a polysilicon gate electrode 330 .
- the gate structure 310 is conventional, those skilled in the art understand the standard steps used for its manufacture, including blanket depositing both a gate oxide layer and a polysilicon gate electrode layer and subsequently using photolithography to define the gate structure 310 .
- FIG. 4 illustrated is a cross-sectional view of the partially completed transistor device 200 illustrated in FIG. 3 after formation of lightly doped source/drain implants 410 within the substrate 310 .
- the lightly doped source/drain implants 410 are conventionally formed and generally have a peak dopant concentration ranging from about 1E19 atoms/cm 3 to about 2E20 atoms/cm 3 .
- the lightly doped source/drain implants 410 have a dopant type opposite to that of the well region 230 they are located within. Accordingly, the lightly doped source/drain implants 410 are doped with a P-type dopant in the illustrative embodiment shown in FIG. 4 .
- FIG. 5 illustrated is a cross-sectional view of the partially completed transistor device 200 illustrated in FIG. 4 after formation of conventional gate sidewall spacers 510 and after placing halo implants 520 within the substrate 210 .
- the formation of the gate sidewall spacers 510 is conventional.
- the gate sidewall spacers 510 comprise a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) oxide material that has been anisotropically etched.
- CVD chemical vapor deposition
- the halo implants 520 in the particular embodiment discussed herein, comprise an N-type dopant.
- the halo implants 520 include a phosphorous or arsenic dopant and have a peak dopant concentration ranging from about 1E18 atoms/cm 3 to about 1E19 atoms/cm 3 . While the particular dopant used and dopant concentration of the halo implants 520 have been given, those skilled in the art understand that the present invention should not be limited to such dopants and concentrations.
- the use and location of the halo implants 520 is particularly designed to reduce short channel effects in the transistor device 200 .
- FIG. 6A illustrated is a cross-sectional view of the partially completed transistor device 200 illustrated in FIG. 5 after implanting germanium into the sidewalls of the polysilicon gate electrode 330 , thereby forming germanium implant regions 610 a .
- the germanium implant regions 610 a may also be located in an upper region of the lightly doped source/drain regions 410 .
- the germanium implant regions may extend into the sidewalls of the gate oxide 320 .
- the thickness of the germanium implant regions 610 a is substantially governed by the overlap of the polysilicon gate electrode 330 over the lightly doped source/drain regions 410 .
- the thickness of the germanium implant regions 610 a should be less than 7 nm. This generally holds true regardless of the scenario. That said, it is typically preferred that the thickness of the germanium implant regions 610 a range from about 2 nm to about 15 nm.
- the germanium implant regions 610 a should have dopant concentrations ranging from about 2E21 atoms/cm 3 to about 8E21 atoms/cm 3 .
- the germanium implant regions 610 may be introduced into the polysilicon gate electrode 330 sidewalls at an angle abnormal to the substrate 210 .
- an angle of greater than about 30 degrees is required to introduce the requisite amount of germanium into the polysilicon gate electrode 330 .
- an angle ranging from about 40 degrees to about 60 degrees works exceptionally well.
- a next generation implanting tool such as a PLAD which might be purchased from Varian Semiconductor Equipment having a principal place of business at 35 Dory Road, Gloucester, Mass. 01930), which is capable of providing conformal depositions (e.g., 90 degree implant to all surfaces), would be very suitable for the current application.
- the germanium dose used to form the germanium implant regions 610 a should typically range from about 4E15 atoms/cm 2 to about 2E16 atoms/cm 2 . Often, the upper limit is only governed by manufacturing practicality, while the lower limit is governed by having a peak germanium concentration in the poly of preferably no less than about 2E21 atoms/cm 3 .
- the implant energy used to form the germanium implant regions 610 a may vary depending on their thickness, peak germanium concentration, and the surface dielectric thickness, however, the implant energy is likely to be between about 3 keV and about 10 keV.
- FIG. 6B illustrated is a cross-sectional view of an alternative embodiment of the partially completed transistor device 200 illustrated in FIG. 5 after introducing germanium implant regions 610 b only into the sidewalls of the polysilicon gate electrode 330 and gate oxide 320 . Accordingly, in direct contrast to the embodiment discussed with respect to FIG. 6A , the germanium implant regions 610 b are not located in the upper portions of the lightly doped source/drain regions 410 .
- the germanium implant regions 610 b may be excluded from the upper portions of the lightly doped source/drain regions 410 by making a few minor changes to the original manufacturing process. Nonetheless, the easiest change might include swapping the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process used to form the gate sidewall spacer 510 in FIG. 5 with a physical vapor deposition (PVD) process. Specifically, a directional PVD process would work well. What results is a blanket oxide 650 formed over the sidewalls of the polysilicon gate electrode 330 as well as the exposed substrate 210 .
- CVD chemical vapor deposition
- PVD physical vapor deposition
- the blanket oxide 650 is thicker at the exposed substrate 210 than at the sidewall of the polysilicon gate electrode 330 , the germanium is still able to penetrate the thinner portion and thereby form the germanium implanted regions 610 b . Thereafter, an anisotropic etch could be used to remove the portions of the blanket oxide 650 from the exposed substrate 210 .
- FIG. 7 illustrated is a cross-sectional view of the partially completed transistor device 200 illustrated in FIG. 6A after formation of highly doped source/drain implants 710 within the substrate 210 .
- the highly doped source/drain implants 710 are conventionally formed and generally have a peak dopant concentration ranging from about 1E18 atoms/cm 3 to about 1E21 atoms/cm 3 .
- the highly doped source/drain implants 710 should typically have a dopant type opposite to that of the well region 230 they are located within. Accordingly, in the illustrative embodiment shown in FIG. 7 , the highly doped source/drain implants 710 are doped with a P-type dopant. What results after formation of the highly doped source/drain implants 710 is a device similar to the transistor device 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 .
- a conventional integrated circuit (IC) 800 incorporating transistor devices 810 constructed according to the principles of the present invention.
- the IC 800 may include devices, such as transistors used to form CMOS devices, BiCMOS devices, Bipolar devices, or other types of devices.
- the IC 800 may further include passive devices, such as inductors or resistors, or it may also include optical devices or optoelectronic devices. Those skilled in the art are familiar with these various types of devices and their manufacture.
- the IC 800 includes the transistor devices 810 having dielectric layers 820 located thereover. Additionally, interconnect structures 830 are located within the dielectric layers 820 to interconnect various devices, thus, forming the operational integrated circuit 800 .
Abstract
The present invention provides a transistor 100 having a germanium implant region 170 located therein, a method of manufacture therefor, and an integrated circuit including the aforementioned transistor. The transistor 100, in one embodiment, includes a polysilicon gate electrode 140 located over a semiconductor substrate 110, wherein a sidewall of the polysilicon gate electrode 140 has a germanium implanted region 170 located therein. The transistor 100 further includes source/drain regions 160 located within the semiconductor substrate 110 proximate the polysilicon gate electrode 140.
Description
- This application is a divisional of application Ser. No. 11/469,687, filed Sep. 1, 2006, which is a divisional of application Ser. No. 10/701,818 (now U.S. Pat. No. 7,118,979), filed Nov. 5, 2003. Each application is hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes.
- The present invention is directed, in general, to a semiconductor device and, more specifically, to a transistor having a germanium implant region located therein and a method of manufacture therefor.
- As the geometries of semiconductor devices and particularly MOS transistors are being scaled to continually smaller dimensions, there is a desire for shorter gate lengths. However, as the transistor gate lengths continue to shrink the effects of p-poly sidewall depletion on PMOS transistor performance has become problematic.
- It is believed that the problems are due, in part, to a larger portion of the polysilicon gate depletion being controlled by the edge depletion. This reduces the effective gate length of the device without reducing the physical gate length of the device, which in turn causes a higher concentration of a halo or pocket implant to be used. Unfortunately, as a higher concentration of the halo or pocket implant is used, the edge depletion region of the polysilicon gate electrode again increases, which further causes an even higher concentration of the halo or pocket implant to be used.
- The increased edge depletion region is believed to be a function of the P-type dopant from the polysilicon gate electrode segregating from the sidewall of the polysilicon gate electrode, while the N-type dopant from the halo or pocket implant piling up at the sidewall of the polysilicon gate electrode. What results is an insufficient net P-type doping at the sidewalls of the polysilicon gate electrode, and thus a reduction in the effective gate length of the polysilicon gate electrode. This is not only a cyclical problem that feeds itself, but the carrier injection efficiency of the transistor is substantially degraded as a result of the increasingly higher halo or pocket implant concentrations.
- The industry has addressed this problem using a number of different techniques. Most notably, the industry attempted to change from using P-type doped polysilicon gate electrodes to P-type doped silicon germanium gate electrodes. While the P-type doped silicon germanium gate electrodes substantially reduce the issues of the gate sidewall depletion, they are currently incompatible with NMOS devices. Accordingly, the industry would be forced to use polysilicon gate electrodes for the NMOS devices while using the silicon germanium gate electrodes for the PMOS devices, which is unreasonable.
- Accordingly, what is needed in the art is a polysilicon gate electrode and method of manufacture therefor that does not experience the sidewall depletion issues experienced by the prior art devices.
- To address the above-discussed deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a transistor having a germanium implant region located therein, a method of manufacture therefor, and an integrated circuit including the aforementioned transistor. The transistor, in one embodiment, includes a polysilicon gate electrode located over a semiconductor substrate, wherein a sidewall of the polysilicon gate electrode has a germanium implanted region located therein. The transistor further includes source/drain regions located within the semiconductor substrate proximate the polysilicon gate electrode.
- As previously discussed, the present invention further provides a method of manufacturing the transistor. Among other processing steps, the method includes forming a polysilicon gate electrode over a semiconductor substrate, then implanting a sidewall of the polysilicon gate electrode with germanium, thereby forming a germanium implanted region. The method further includes placing source/drain regions within the semiconductor substrate proximate the polysilicon gate electrode.
- Further included within the present invention is an integrated circuit including the aforementioned transistors. In addition to the transistors, the integrated circuit includes an interlevel dielectric layer located over the transistors, the interlevel dielectric layer having interconnects located therein for contacting the transistors to form an operational integrated circuit.
- The foregoing has outlined preferred and alternative features of the present invention so that those skilled in the art may better understand the detailed description of the invention that follows. Additional features of the invention will be described hereinafter that form the subject of the claims of the invention. Those skilled in the art should appreciate that they can readily use the disclosed conception and specific embodiment as a basis for designing or modifying other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should also realize that such equivalent constructions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention.
- The invention is best understood from the following detailed description when read with the accompanying FIGUREs. It is emphasized that in accordance with the standard practice in the semiconductor industry, various features are not drawn to scale. In fact, the dimensions of the various features may be arbitrarily increased or reduced for clarity of discussion. Reference is now made to the following descriptions taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
-
FIG. 1 illustrates a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a transistor device constructed according to the principles of the present invention; -
FIG. 2 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a partially completed transistor device; -
FIG. 3 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the partially completed transistor device illustrated inFIG. 2 after formation of a conventional gate structure over the substrate; -
FIG. 4 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the partially completed transistor device illustrated inFIG. 3 after formation of lightly doped source/drain implants within the substrate; -
FIG. 5 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the partially completed transistor device illustrated inFIG. 4 after formation of conventional gate sidewall spacers and after placing halo implants within the substrate; -
FIG. 6A illustrates a cross-sectional view of the partially completed transistor device illustrated inFIG. 5 after implanting germanium into the sidewalls of the polysilicon gate electrode, thereby forming germanium implant regions; -
FIG. 6B illustrates a cross-sectional view of an alternative embodiment of the partially completed transistor device illustrated inFIG. 5 after introducing germanium implant regions only into the sidewalls of the polysilicon gate electrode and gate oxide; -
FIG. 7 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the partially completed transistor device illustrated inFIG. 6A after formation of highly doped source/drain implants within the substrate; and -
FIG. 8 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a conventional integrated circuit (IC) incorporating transistor devices constructed according to the principles of the present invention. - Referring initially to
FIG. 1 , illustrated is a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of atransistor device 100 constructed according to the principles of the present invention. In the embodiment illustrated inFIG. 1 , thetransistor device 100 includes asubstrate 110. Located within thesubstrate 110 in the embodiment ofFIG. 1 is awell region 120. Additionally, located over thesubstrate 110 andwell region 120 is agate structure 130. - The
gate structure 130 illustrated inFIG. 1 includes agate oxide 135 located over thesubstrate 110, as well as apolysilicon gate electrode 140 located over thegate oxide 135. Flanking both sides of thepolysilicon gate electrode 140 andgate oxide 135 of thegate structure 130 depicted inFIG. 1 aregate sidewall spacers 145. - The
transistor device 100 illustrated inFIG. 1 further includeshalo implants 150 and conventional source/drain regions 160 located within thesubstrate 110. The source/drain regions 160, as is common, each include a lightly doped source/drain implant 164 as well as a higher doped source/drain implant 168. - Uniquely implanted into at least a portion of the sidewalls of the
polysilicon gate electrode 140, in the exemplary embodiment ofFIG. 1 , are germanium implantedregions 170.Germanium implant regions 170 constructed in accordance with the principles of the present invention may have a variety of dopant concentrations and thicknesses while staying within the broad scope of the present invention. It is believed thatgermanium implant region 170 dopant concentrations ranging from about 2E21 atoms/cm3 to about 8E21 atoms/cm3 are applicable. Additionally, it is believed thatgermanium implant region 170 thicknesses ranging from about 2 nm to about 15 nm, as well as others, could easily be used. - It should be noted that the thickness of the
germanium implant regions 170 should generally be less than a distance that each of the lightly doped source/drain implants 164 extends under thepolysilicon gate electrode 140. For example, where each of the lightly doped source/drain implants 164 extends under thepolysilicon gate electrode 140 by a distance X (e.g., 7 nm), the thickness of each of thegermanium implant regions 170 should be less than X (e.g., less than 7 nm). If the thickness of thegermanium implant regions 170 is larger than the overlap of the lightly doped source/drain implants 164, germanium may be located in the channel region of thetransistor 100, thus potentially causing scattering on the hole carriers and mobility degradation. Nevertheless, if the thickness of thegermanium implant regions 170 are too thin, they will not be able to retain a sufficient amount of the P-type dopant at the sidewalls of thepolysilicon gate electrode 140. - In the particular embodiment illustrated in
FIG. 1 , thegermanium implant regions 170 also extend into an upper region of the source/drain regions 160. For example, in one embodiment thegermanium implant regions 170 extend into the source/drain regions 160 from about 4 nm to about 10 nm. Additionally, as shown, thegermanium implant regions 170 may extend into the sidewalls of thegate oxide 135. Nonetheless, while thegermanium implant regions 170 are shown to be located within the sidewalls of thegate oxide 135 and the upper region of the source/drain regions 160, such is not required, andgermanium implant regions 170 localized only in the sidewalls of thepolysilicon gate electrode 140 are also desirable. - The use of the
germanium implant regions 170 in accordance with the principles of the present invention provide many advantages not experienced in the prior art devices. For example, the inclusion of the germanium dopant at the P-type dopedpolysilicon gate electrode 140 sidewall increases the dopant activation therein, substantially reduces the P-type dopant segregation into the P-type dopedpolysilicon gate electrode 140 sidewall, and substantially increases the N-type halo dopant segregation into the P-type dopedpolysilicon gate electrode 140 sidewall. - Additionally, the inclusion of the
germanium implant regions 170 in thesubstrate 110 provides certain benefits. First, a high germanium concentration in the lightly doped source/drain region 164 is capable of increasing the P-type dopant activation level by up to one order of magnitude. As a result, lower lightly doped source/drain region 164 resistance can be achieved. Second, a strained layer is formed as a result of the germanium being in thesubstrate 110. This strained layer may induce longitudinal stress inside the transistor channel, thus improving the channel mobility. Additionally, the lower lightly doped source/drain region 164 resistance and higher channel mobility may each improve transistor drive current. While it was not previously noted, those skilled in the art understand that the inventive aspects of the present invention are applicable to all kinds of wafer types, including different wafer orientations encompassing silicon-on-insulator (SOI), and other similar wafer orientations. - The use of germanium in the
substrate 110 should, however, be tailored to the specific application. For example, if the germanium is implanted too deep into thesubstrate 110, defects produced during solid-phase epitaxy may cause LDD-to-substrate leakage. Secondly, if too much germanium dopant spills over into the channel during formation of the germanium implantedregions 170, then the germanium dopant may cause alloy-scattering during hole carrier conduction, or mobility degradation. - Turning now to
FIGS. 2-7 , illustrated are cross-sectional views of detailed manufacturing steps instructing how one might, in an advantageous embodiment, manufacture a transistor device similar to thetransistor device 100 depicted inFIG. 1 .FIG. 2 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a partially completedtransistor device 200. The partially completedtransistor device 200 ofFIG. 2 includes asubstrate 210. Thesubstrate 210 may, in an exemplary embodiment, be any layer located in the partially completedtransistor device 200, including a wafer itself or a layer located above the wafer (e.g., epitaxial layer). In the embodiment illustrated inFIG. 2 , thesubstrate 210 is a P-type semiconductor substrate; however, one skilled in the art understands that thesubstrate 210 could be an N-type substrate without departing from the scope of the present invention. In such a case, each of the dopant types described throughout the remainder of this document would be reversed. For clarity, no further reference to this opposite scheme will be discussed. - Located within the
substrate 210 in the embodiment shown inFIG. 2 are shallowtrench isolation regions 220. The shallowtrench isolation regions 220 isolate thetransistor device 200 from other devices located proximate thereto. As those skilled in the art understand the various steps used to form these conventional shallowtrench isolation regions 220, no further detail will be given. - In the illustrative embodiment of
FIG. 2 , also formed within thesubstrate 210 is awell region 230. Thewell region 230, in light of the P-type semiconductor substrate 210, would more than likely contain an N-type dopant. For example, thewell region 230 would likely be doped with an N-type dopant dose ranging from about 1E13 atoms/cm2 to about 1E14 atoms/cm2 and at a power ranging from about 100 keV to about 500 keV. What generally results is thewell region 230 having a peak dopant concentration ranging from about 5E17 atoms/cm3 to about 1E19 atoms/cm3. - Turning now to
FIG. 3 , illustrated is a cross-sectional view of the partially completedtransistor device 200 illustrated inFIG. 2 after formation of aconventional gate structure 310 over thesubstrate 210. As is illustrated inFIG. 3 , thegate structure 310 includes agate oxide 320 and apolysilicon gate electrode 330. As thegate structure 310 is conventional, those skilled in the art understand the standard steps used for its manufacture, including blanket depositing both a gate oxide layer and a polysilicon gate electrode layer and subsequently using photolithography to define thegate structure 310. - Turning now to
FIG. 4 , illustrated is a cross-sectional view of the partially completedtransistor device 200 illustrated inFIG. 3 after formation of lightly doped source/drain implants 410 within thesubstrate 310. The lightly doped source/drain implants 410 are conventionally formed and generally have a peak dopant concentration ranging from about 1E19 atoms/cm3 to about 2E20 atoms/cm3. As is standard in the industry, the lightly doped source/drain implants 410 have a dopant type opposite to that of thewell region 230 they are located within. Accordingly, the lightly doped source/drain implants 410 are doped with a P-type dopant in the illustrative embodiment shown inFIG. 4 . - Turning now to
FIG. 5 , illustrated is a cross-sectional view of the partially completedtransistor device 200 illustrated inFIG. 4 after formation of conventionalgate sidewall spacers 510 and after placinghalo implants 520 within thesubstrate 210. The formation of thegate sidewall spacers 510, such as Hdd offset spacers, is conventional. Often thegate sidewall spacers 510 comprise a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) oxide material that has been anisotropically etched. - The
halo implants 520, in the particular embodiment discussed herein, comprise an N-type dopant. For example, in the illustrative embodiment shown inFIG. 5 , thehalo implants 520 include a phosphorous or arsenic dopant and have a peak dopant concentration ranging from about 1E18 atoms/cm3 to about 1E19 atoms/cm3. While the particular dopant used and dopant concentration of thehalo implants 520 have been given, those skilled in the art understand that the present invention should not be limited to such dopants and concentrations. The use and location of thehalo implants 520 is particularly designed to reduce short channel effects in thetransistor device 200. - Turning now to
FIG. 6A , illustrated is a cross-sectional view of the partially completedtransistor device 200 illustrated inFIG. 5 after implanting germanium into the sidewalls of thepolysilicon gate electrode 330, thereby forminggermanium implant regions 610 a. As is illustrated in the embodiment ofFIG. 6A , thegermanium implant regions 610 a may also be located in an upper region of the lightly doped source/drain regions 410. Similarly, the germanium implant regions may extend into the sidewalls of thegate oxide 320. - The specifics of the
germanium implant regions 610 a may vary greatly depending on the intended use of the partially completedtransistor device 200. Nonetheless, it is believed that in certain embodiments the thickness of thegermanium implant regions 610 a is substantially governed by the overlap of thepolysilicon gate electrode 330 over the lightly doped source/drain regions 410. In other words, if the lightly doped source/drain regions 410 were to extend under thepolysilicon gate electrode 330 by, for example 7 nm each, the thickness of thegermanium implant regions 610 a should be less than 7 nm. This generally holds true regardless of the scenario. That said, it is typically preferred that the thickness of thegermanium implant regions 610 a range from about 2 nm to about 15 nm. Similarly, it is believed that thegermanium implant regions 610 a should have dopant concentrations ranging from about 2E21 atoms/cm3 to about 8E21 atoms/cm3. - As is indicated in
FIG. 6A , the germanium implant regions 610 may be introduced into thepolysilicon gate electrode 330 sidewalls at an angle abnormal to thesubstrate 210. For example, it has been discovered that an angle of greater than about 30 degrees is required to introduce the requisite amount of germanium into thepolysilicon gate electrode 330. Further, it is believed that an angle ranging from about 40 degrees to about 60 degrees works exceptionally well. Ideally, a next generation implanting tool (such as a PLAD which might be purchased from Varian Semiconductor Equipment having a principal place of business at 35 Dory Road, Gloucester, Mass. 01930), which is capable of providing conformal depositions (e.g., 90 degree implant to all surfaces), would be very suitable for the current application. - The germanium dose used to form the
germanium implant regions 610 a should typically range from about 4E15 atoms/cm2 to about 2E16 atoms/cm2. Often, the upper limit is only governed by manufacturing practicality, while the lower limit is governed by having a peak germanium concentration in the poly of preferably no less than about 2E21 atoms/cm3. The implant energy used to form thegermanium implant regions 610 a may vary depending on their thickness, peak germanium concentration, and the surface dielectric thickness, however, the implant energy is likely to be between about 3 keV and about 10 keV. - Turning now to
FIG. 6B , illustrated is a cross-sectional view of an alternative embodiment of the partially completedtransistor device 200 illustrated inFIG. 5 after introducinggermanium implant regions 610 b only into the sidewalls of thepolysilicon gate electrode 330 andgate oxide 320. Accordingly, in direct contrast to the embodiment discussed with respect toFIG. 6A , thegermanium implant regions 610 b are not located in the upper portions of the lightly doped source/drain regions 410. - The
germanium implant regions 610 b may be excluded from the upper portions of the lightly doped source/drain regions 410 by making a few minor changes to the original manufacturing process. Nonetheless, the easiest change might include swapping the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process used to form thegate sidewall spacer 510 inFIG. 5 with a physical vapor deposition (PVD) process. Specifically, a directional PVD process would work well. What results is ablanket oxide 650 formed over the sidewalls of thepolysilicon gate electrode 330 as well as the exposedsubstrate 210. As theblanket oxide 650 is thicker at the exposedsubstrate 210 than at the sidewall of thepolysilicon gate electrode 330, the germanium is still able to penetrate the thinner portion and thereby form the germanium implantedregions 610 b. Thereafter, an anisotropic etch could be used to remove the portions of theblanket oxide 650 from the exposedsubstrate 210. - Turning now to
FIG. 7 , illustrated is a cross-sectional view of the partially completedtransistor device 200 illustrated inFIG. 6A after formation of highly doped source/drain implants 710 within thesubstrate 210. The highly doped source/drain implants 710 are conventionally formed and generally have a peak dopant concentration ranging from about 1E18 atoms/cm3 to about 1E21 atoms/cm3. Also, the highly doped source/drain implants 710 should typically have a dopant type opposite to that of thewell region 230 they are located within. Accordingly, in the illustrative embodiment shown inFIG. 7 , the highly doped source/drain implants 710 are doped with a P-type dopant. What results after formation of the highly doped source/drain implants 710 is a device similar to thetransistor device 100 illustrated inFIG. 1 . - Referring finally to
FIG. 8 , illustrated is a cross-sectional view of a conventional integrated circuit (IC) 800 incorporatingtransistor devices 810 constructed according to the principles of the present invention. TheIC 800 may include devices, such as transistors used to form CMOS devices, BiCMOS devices, Bipolar devices, or other types of devices. TheIC 800 may further include passive devices, such as inductors or resistors, or it may also include optical devices or optoelectronic devices. Those skilled in the art are familiar with these various types of devices and their manufacture. In the particular embodiment illustrated inFIG. 8 , theIC 800 includes thetransistor devices 810 havingdielectric layers 820 located thereover. Additionally,interconnect structures 830 are located within thedielectric layers 820 to interconnect various devices, thus, forming the operationalintegrated circuit 800. - Although the present invention has been described in detail, those skilled in the art should understand that they can make various changes, substitutions and alterations herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention in its broadest form.
Claims (20)
1. A method comprising:
forming a polysilicon gate electrode having a first sidewall and an opposite second sidewall over a substrate;
implanting a dopant into the substrate to form a first region and a second region having a channel region therebetween, wherein the polysilicon gate electrode is located substantially between the first and second regions over at least a portion of the channel region; and
implanting germanium at an angle that is greater than about 30° from an axis that is substantially perpendicular to the substrate into the first and second sidewalls to form a germanium implanted region.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the concentration of germanium in the germanium implanted region is between about 2*1021 atoms/cm3 and about 8*1021 atoms/cm3.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the dose used to form the germanium implant region is between about 4*1015 atoms/cm2 and about 2*1016 atoms/cm2 having a peak concentration of no less than about 2*1021 atoms/cm3.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the implant energy for the germanium is between about 3 keV and about 10 keV.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of implanting the germanium further comprises implanting the germanium into the first and second regions.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises forming a blanket oxide layer over the first and second regions prior to the step of implanting the germanium.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the dopant is a P-type dopant.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the angle is between about 40° and about 60°.
9. A method comprising:
forming a well region of a first conduction type in a substrate;
forming a dielectric over at least a portion of a the well region;
forming a polysilicon layer over the dielectric layer to form a gate electrode;
implanting a first dopant into the well to form a first region and a second region of a second conduction type having a channel region of the first conduction type therebetween, wherein the gate electrode is located substantially between the first and second regions over at least a portion of the channel region;
forming a first and an opposite second sidewall on each side of the polysilicon gate electrode;
implanting a second dopant into the well region to form a halo implant of the first conduction type substantially below each of the first and second regions; and
implanting germanium at an angle that is greater than about 30° from an axis that is substantially perpendicular to the substrate into the first and second sidewalls to form a germanium implanted region.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the concentration of germanium in the germanium implanted region is between about 2*1021 atoms/cm3 and about 8*1021 atoms/cm3.
11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the dose used to form the germanium implant region is between about 4*1015 atoms/cm2 and about 2*1016 atoms/cm2 having a peak concentration of no less than about 2*1021 atoms/cm3.
12. The method of claim 9 , wherein the implant energy for the germanium is between about 3 keV and about 10 keV.
13. The method of claim 9 , wherein the step of implanting the germanium further comprises implanting the germanium into the first and second regions.
14. The method of claim 9 , wherein the method further comprises forming a blanket oxide layer over the first and second regions prior to the step of implanting the germanium.
15. The method of claim 9 , wherein the first dopant is a P-type dopant and the second dopant is an N-type dopant.
16. The method of claim 9 , wherein the angle is between about 40° and about 60°.
17. A method comprising:
forming an N-type well region in a P-type substrate;
forming a gate oxide layer over at least a portion of the N-type well region;
forming a polysilicon layer over the gate oxide layer to form a gate electrode;
implanting a P-type dopant into the well region to form a first P-type source/drain region and a second P-type second source/drain region having an N-type channel region formed therebetween, wherein the gate electrode is located substantially between the first and second P-type source/drain regions over at least a portion of the N-type channel region;
forming a first and an opposite second sidewall spacer on each side of the gate electrode, wherein each of the first and second sidewall spacers extends over at least a portion of one of the first and second source/drain regions, and wherein the first and second side walls are formed by chemical vapor deposition and anisotropic etching;
implanting an N-type dopant into the well to form N-type halo implants substantially below each of the first and second source/drain regions; and
implanting germanium at an angle that is greater than about 30° from an axis that is substantially perpendicular to the substrate into the first and second sidewalls to form a germanium implanted region.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the method further comprises forming a blanket oxide layer over the first and second regions prior to the step of implanting the germanium.
19. The method of claim 17 , wherein the angle is between about 40° and about 60°.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the N-type dopant is arsenic or phosphorous.
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US12/573,450 US20100022062A1 (en) | 2003-11-05 | 2009-10-05 | Transitor having a germanium implant region located therein and a method of manufacture therefor |
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US10/701,818 US7118979B2 (en) | 2003-11-05 | 2003-11-05 | Method of manufacturing transistor having germanium implant region on the sidewalls of the polysilicon gate electrode |
US11/469,687 US20070004158A1 (en) | 2003-11-05 | 2006-09-01 | Transistor having a germanium implant region located therein and a method of manufacture therefor |
US12/573,450 US20100022062A1 (en) | 2003-11-05 | 2009-10-05 | Transitor having a germanium implant region located therein and a method of manufacture therefor |
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US11/469,687 Abandoned US20070004158A1 (en) | 2003-11-05 | 2006-09-01 | Transistor having a germanium implant region located therein and a method of manufacture therefor |
US12/573,450 Abandoned US20100022062A1 (en) | 2003-11-05 | 2009-10-05 | Transitor having a germanium implant region located therein and a method of manufacture therefor |
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US11/469,687 Abandoned US20070004158A1 (en) | 2003-11-05 | 2006-09-01 | Transistor having a germanium implant region located therein and a method of manufacture therefor |
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JP4426988B2 (en) * | 2005-03-09 | 2010-03-03 | 富士通マイクロエレクトロニクス株式会社 | Method for manufacturing p-channel MOS transistor |
KR100743628B1 (en) | 2005-09-16 | 2007-07-27 | 주식회사 하이닉스반도체 | Method for forming dual gate of semiconductor device |
KR100660282B1 (en) * | 2005-12-28 | 2006-12-20 | 동부일렉트로닉스 주식회사 | Method for forming common source line in nor-type flash memory device |
JP2007243117A (en) * | 2006-03-13 | 2007-09-20 | Oki Electric Ind Co Ltd | Manufacturing method of high breakdown voltage mos transistor |
US7781288B2 (en) * | 2007-02-21 | 2010-08-24 | International Business Machines Corporation | Semiconductor structure including gate electrode having laterally variable work function |
CN101803031B (en) * | 2007-09-18 | 2012-07-04 | 夏普株式会社 | Semiconductor device manufacturing method and semiconductor device |
CN102386186B (en) * | 2011-11-14 | 2014-02-19 | 北京大学 | CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) device capable of reducing charge collection generated by radiation and preparation method thereof |
US8877594B2 (en) | 2011-11-14 | 2014-11-04 | Peking University | CMOS device for reducing radiation-induced charge collection and method for fabricating the same |
TWI571938B (en) * | 2015-10-15 | 2017-02-21 | 力晶科技股份有限公司 | Semiconductor device and mathod of fabricating the same |
US10510850B2 (en) | 2016-08-03 | 2019-12-17 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd. | Semiconductor device and method |
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US20070004158A1 (en) | 2007-01-04 |
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