US20100095522A1 - Method of manufacture of an identification wristband construction - Google Patents
Method of manufacture of an identification wristband construction Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20100095522A1 US20100095522A1 US12/460,584 US46058409A US2010095522A1 US 20100095522 A1 US20100095522 A1 US 20100095522A1 US 46058409 A US46058409 A US 46058409A US 2010095522 A1 US2010095522 A1 US 2010095522A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- substrate
- manufacture
- wristband
- transponder
- bottom substrate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
- G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
- G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
- G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
- G06K19/077—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
- G06K19/07749—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
- G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
- G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
- G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
- G06K19/077—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
- G06K19/07749—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card
- G06K19/07758—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card arrangements for adhering the record carrier to further objects or living beings, functioning as an identification tag
- G06K19/07762—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card arrangements for adhering the record carrier to further objects or living beings, functioning as an identification tag the adhering arrangement making the record carrier wearable, e.g. having the form of a ring, watch, glove or bracelet
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
- G06Q20/30—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks
- G06Q20/32—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks using wireless devices
- G06Q20/327—Short range or proximity payments by means of M-devices
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49016—Antenna or wave energy "plumbing" making
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49016—Antenna or wave energy "plumbing" making
- Y10T29/49018—Antenna or wave energy "plumbing" making with other electrical component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49117—Conductor or circuit manufacturing
- Y10T29/49124—On flat or curved insulated base, e.g., printed circuit, etc.
- Y10T29/4913—Assembling to base an electrical component, e.g., capacitor, etc.
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49117—Conductor or circuit manufacturing
- Y10T29/49124—On flat or curved insulated base, e.g., printed circuit, etc.
- Y10T29/49155—Manufacturing circuit on or in base
Definitions
- Disposable wristbands have long been used for such things as identification, access control, age verification, among other purposes.
- Such wristbands have typically been made from materials such as polyester, paper, or vinyl.
- the physical presence of a wristband of particular color or design is used to identify the wearer as a member of a particular group.
- These colored wristbands have been used to control access to restricted areas or for other purposes in large crowded venues such as a sports stadium. For example, patrons who provide proof of legal drinking age are issued a wristband of a particular color, to indicate that they have permission to access a beer sales area.
- RFID Radio Frequency Identification
- RFID extends the usefulness of such wristbands, as they can each be programmed with a unique code that quickly and easily identifies the wearer.
- RFID also adds new functionality to such wristbands. As one example, they can be used to locate the wearer. Thus, with the installation of appropriate radio location equipment, a lost child wearing an RFID wristband can be easily found, or prevented from leaving an amusement park unless accompanied by an authorized adult.
- RFID wristbands are also used to allow the purchase of items without the exchange of currency or need for a credit/debit card, or to allow secure communication and monetary exchange among patrons.
- a patron can request the wristband be credited for purchases up to a preselected amount. Purchases can then be made by presenting the wristband at a special RFID reader, instead of using cash or credit/debit cards.
- These wristbands can also be coded so that a wearer would be prevented from making certain purchases, or from making a single purchase above a chosen limit. This feature can be used to control purchases by children, for example, so they are encouraged to spend their allotted funds wisely.
- RFID wristbands are susceptible to misuse and unauthorized use. Some wristbands are easily removed, and yet still function after removal. A wristband that still functions after it has been removed provides the opportunity for patrons to exchange wristbands. This could provide patrons with the opportunity to give access to a restricted area to an unauthorized patron. A patron issued an “adult” wristband that allows access to beer sales, for example, could remove and give or sell that wristband to a patron not of legal drinking age. As another example, a thoughtlessly discarded wristband that still has funds credited to it could be retrieved and used by an unauthorized individual to purchase goods or services using someone else's account.
- Wristbands of the type described above are typically intended to be disposable, and may only be used for a few hours. As such, what is needed is a way to manufacture such a wristband to include RFID functionality and security features, without greatly impacting the overall cost.
- the method of manufacture of the wristband includes providing a bottom substrate. First circuit elements are deposited on the bottom substrate. The first circuit elements are cured. A dielectric material is deposited at predetermined areas on the bottom substrate. A remainder of the circuit is deposited on the bottom substrate and dielectric materials. A transponder chip is secured to the bottom substrate to form a transponder. A second substrate is affixed to the bottom substrate such that the dielectric material and circuitry are disposed between the bottom substrate and second substrate.
- the present invention is a design and a construction technique for such a wristband.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view of one embodiment of a wristband according to the present invention not showing a top substrate;
- FIG. 2 is a cross section of the wristband
- FIGS. 3A and 3B are an exploded view of the wristband showing a top layer and bottom layer;
- FIG. 4 is a top plan view of the top layer
- FIG. 5 is a top plan view of the bottom layer of the wristband of FIG. 1 illustrating the antenna and placement of the RFID integrated circuit chip;
- FIGS. 6A through 6D are a top plan, side elevation, bottom plan and perspective view respectively of one embodiment of a snap insert portion to be used with the wristband of FIG. 1 ;
- FIGS. 7A through 7D are a top plan, sectional, bottom plan and perspective view respectively of one embodiment of a snap retainer portion to be used with the snap insert portion of FIGS. 6A-6D ;
- FIG. 8 is a view of a crossover portion illustrating how a circuit trace can connect to a terminal of an RFID integrated circuit chip, without shorting, to conductors of the antenna portion in accordance with one embodiment according to the present invention
- FIG. 9 is a flow chart for the processing steps used to manufacture the wristband in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a general illustration of a disabling Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) wristband 300 constructed according to the presenting invention.
- Wristband 300 is in the form of an elongated band 310 with opposite ends 314 , 316 that are brought together and fastened to form a closed loop around a wearer's wrist or other body part.
- RFID Radio Frequency Identification
- Wristband 300 contains a transponder 32 , which is comprised of an antenna 30 operatively coupled to a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) circuit 22 .
- Antenna 30 is coupled to one or more conductive wires acting as transponder disabling wires 34 such that current will flow through conductive wire(s) 34 in the path illustrated by arrow 330 when transponder 32 is functioning.
- conductive wire(s) 34 include a top conductor 35 and a bottom conductor 36 , which are joined at a node 37 .
- conductive wire 34 is also referred to herein as a transponder disabling wire 34 .
- Wristband 300 also preferably includes a mechanical non-reusable tamper-resistant locking mechanism 320 to fasten band 310 upon itself at end 314 and to prevent the user from attempting to open the locking mechanism 320 to remove the wristband 300 without rendering those tampering efforts visually evident.
- Locking mechanism 320 comprises a barbed peg 318 disposed on band 310 at end 314 .
- a locking hole 322 is disposed on flap 28 at end 314 of band 310 across a fold line 26 from barbed peg 318 .
- a number of adjustment openings or adjustment holes 24 extend along band 310 in a direction towards end 316 . Adjustment holes 24 are used to adjust the wristband 300 to conform to body parts of different circumferences.
- the barbed peg 318 is arranged to pass through a selected hole 24 as required for a snug fit.
- the flap 28 is then folded along imaginary fold line 26 and barbed peg 318 is then passed through locking hole 322 .
- Peg 318 is shaped to resist removal from the locking hole 322 without also destroying the locking mechanism 320 and rendering it incapable of being refastened.
- adjustment holes 24 can be designed to replace or supplement locking hole 322 by configuring them in such a way that attempts to remove the wristband from the barbed peg 318 would also destroy the hole 24 , thereby disabling the wristband and rendering it incapable of being refastened.
- wristband 300 also includes a transponder 32 .
- Transponder 32 contains an antenna 30 and an RFID integrated circuit (IC) chip 22 .
- the transponder 32 responds to an RF interrogation signal and in response emits an RF signal representative of information pre-stored or preprogrammed into RFID integrated circuit chip 22 .
- the information could include the date the wristband 300 is issued, the date the wristband 300 expires and will no longer be usable for access, the age status of the wearer, and whether the wristband 300 can be used for purchasing goods or services. Any other desired information, depending on the context in which the wristband is to be used, may be pre-stored or pre-programmed in the transponder.
- the signal may also be used to access information stored in a database.
- the transponder 32 also derives a power signal from antenna 30 that supplies power to the rest of the RFID integrated circuit chip 22 .
- the antenna 30 has the form of a continuous electrically conductive coil.
- One or more transponder disabling wires 34 also extend away from the area occupied by the transponder 32 .
- the transponder disabling wires 34 form an electrically conductive path, from antenna 30 out to end 316 and back to antenna 30 , along substantially the entire length of the band 12 of wristband 300 .
- the transponder disabling wires 34 are arranged to connect the components of transponder 32 and/or form portions of the components themselves, such that transponder disabling wires 34 must remain intact for the transponder 32 to operate.
- one or more of the transponder disabling wires 34 may function as part of antenna 30 . In such an embodiment, consideration should be given to the distance between the sections of the loop antenna and transponder disabling wires 34 in order to minimize inductance that can lead to possible interference with the operation of the other components of transponder 32 .
- Transponder disabling wires 34 are preferably, but not necessarily, made from printed conductive ink that is robust enough to withstand normal handling but fragile enough that they will be broken if a user attempts to remove the wristband.
- transponder disabling wires 34 may be a thin wire such as copper wire, a thin foil, or other suitable electrically conductive material that will form an electrically continuous path but will break as a result of tampering. Forming transponder disabling wires 34 with frangible zones, where stresses from tampering attempts are most likely to occur, may facilitate breakage of the transponder disabling wires.
- the conductor forming transponder disabling wires 34 will also be severed.
- the wristband is formed from two layers of a polymeric substrate material such as PET or other flexible plastic material.
- a polymeric substrate material such as PET or other flexible plastic material.
- Dupont TeflonTM, Teslin® or vinyl are examples of other possible materials.
- the bottom layer 220 which forms the substrate for the entire wristband 300 , exhibit a low coefficient of friction and generally flexible nature, as it is that layer that will most likely come in close contact to the wearer's skin.
- the bottom layer 220 is used as a substrate on which are printed a circuit 230 that includes certain elements of transponder 32 such as the antenna 30 and certain circuit wiring, such as the disabling wire(s) 34 .
- Conductive ink is used to form the antenna 30 and wiring 34 .
- the top layer 210 is typically formed of the same material as the bottom layer 220 . It is used as a cover-lay for the wristband, and should readily accept printing inks so that identifying graphics, advertisements, or the like, can be printed thereon.
- a pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) 240 is used to bind the top 210 and bottom 220 layers.
- Alternative sealing techniques may also be used, such as heat sealing, radio-frequency sealing, ultrasound sealing, or a hot-melt adhesive.
- FIG. 3A shows an exploded view of the wristband prior to assembly of the two layers 210 , 220 .
- the bottom layer 220 is seen with the printed side up, after installation of the RFID integrated circuit chip 22 , but prior to installation of snap insert 418 that includes the barbed peg 318 described above, and also prior to installation of snap retainer 422 that includes part of the locking hole 322 .
- a slit 352 formed by matching slits 352 a, 352 b, is formed in or near end 314 of wristband 300 to accommodate any extra length of band material from far end 316 after the band is fastened together. Flaps 28 a, 28 b form flap 28 when bottom 220 is joined to top 210 .
- FIG. 3B is a more detailed view illustrating more view of the wristband in the area of the antenna and the integrated circuit chip showing a crossover and more detail of the fastener.
- Hole A is shown for snap insert 418 and hole B for snap retainer 422 .
- Corresponding holes C and D are formed in top layer 210 to receive snap insert 418 and snap retainer 422 .
- snap insert 418 includes a base 420 and a peg 318 extending from base 420 .
- Base 420 is significantly greater in diameter than peg 318 and significantly greater in diameter than either one of hole A or hole D. In this way, when assembled, as discussed below, base 420 anchors peg 318 to wristband 300 .
- snap retainer 422 includes a locking hole 320 formed in a base 424 .
- Base 424 has a diameter substantially greater than the diameter of the opening to hole 322 and substantially greater than the diameter of holes B and C. In this way, base 424 anchors snap retainer 422 to wristband 300 when assembled. It should be noted that the interior of hole 322 is sloped towards a retaining portion 324 to receive the surfaces of barbed peg 318 , but prevent barbed peg 318 from being removed from receiving portion 324 .
- FIG. 8 illustrates still more detail of the construction of the wristband 300 near the antenna 30 and the RFID integrated circuit chip 22 .
- the antenna 30 is defined as a set of individual wire traces 380 - 1 , 380 - 2 , 380 -n that form a wire coil; wire traces 380 thus form a progressively smaller loop within a single printed circuit layer.
- transponder disabling wired 34 is connected to terminal 372 , so that transponder disabling wires 34 is placed in electrical series with the coiled traces 380 ).
- a dielectric is used to form a crossover or bridge 390 .
- another conductive trace 385 can be placed over the dielectric bridge 390 , completing the connection to terminal 371 .
- FIG. 9 illustrates the steps of a process that can be used to manufacture the wristband 300 . Reference can be made back to FIGS. 2-8 while examining the steps of the process.
- a conductive ink is printed in a first pattern to define elements of the antenna 30 and the disabling wire 34 on the substrate formed by bottom layer 220 .
- the substrate that forms bottom layer 220 is preferably pre-treated, such as by heating, such that further processing will not warp or shrink the substrate once circuit manufacturing has begun.
- a curing step 902 is performed, wherein heat and/or ultraviolet light is applied to cure the conductive ink on bottom layer 220 .
- a dielectric material is applied in selected areas over the cured bottom layer.
- the dielectric is used to isolate certain conductive portions of the circuitry from other portions.
- the dielectric is formed in the area of crossover or bridge 390 .
- it can also be used in other areas for other bridge elements.
- It may be also desirable to use dielectric to isolate other circuitry and/or define vias between multiple printed circuit layers on bottom layer 220 .
- a serpentine pattern used for the transponder disabling wire 34 that encircles the holes may be defined on multiple printed circuit layers isolated by such dielectric.
- the dielectric layer is then cured via UV light or heat in step 906 , depending on the nature of the dielectric material.
- another printing step 908 may be used to print a second set of conductive traces that define further circuitry such as the crossover trace 385 on crossover or bridge 390 or conductive vias between printed layers, followed by a curing step 910 .
- a capacitor may be formed in steps 904 through 910 by printing two conductive parallel plates separated by dielectric layers, as is well understood in the art.
- Additional dielectric layers and conductive ink layers may be patterned as desired to provide further circuitry definition by repeating steps 904 through 910 .
- the RFID integrated circuit chip 22 is placed in the proper location on the bottom layer 220 .
- the RFID integrated circuit chip 22 is preferably held in place in the desired location using a z-axis conductive adhesive, anisotropic conductive adhesive (ACA), or non-conductive paste (NCP).
- ACA anisotropic conductive adhesive
- NCP non-conductive paste
- the RFID integrated circuit chip 22 may be connected using a soldering technique if proper steps are taken not to melt bottom layer 220 .
- the RFID integrated circuit chip 22 can be any one of any number of different commercial off the shelf RFID integrated circuit chips, such as those available from Texas Instruments or Philips.
- step 912 additional electronic components may be placed on bottom layer 220 in step 912 such as a thin-film battery.
- the top layer 210 is laminated to the bottom layer 220 using a pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) type adhesive.
- PSA pressure sensitive adhesive
- the adhesive may be applied first to one layer or the other, and then the two layers subjected to pressure such as by rollers. If no pre-treatment of the adhesive is required, then the cover layer 210 may come pre-coated with a PSA. Lamination integrity should be maintained such that no voids or vacancies or separation of layers occurs and/or damage to the RFID integrated circuit chip 22 .
- an optional cutting stage 913 may be required to create registration holes. These registration holes will subsequently be utilized during the lamination process to precisely align top and bottom layers 210 , 220 .
- the registration holes may be cut using a die cut or laser process, for example.
- layer alignment may be conducted by printing fiducials in an early printing stage and using a vision alignment system during lamination.
- a next step 918 the outer dimensions of the wristband are defined by cutting the lamination using a die cut or laser process as before.
- the holes 24 , and holes for snap insert 418 and snap retainer 422 are formed.
- a next step 920 is to install the snap insert 418 .
- the snap insert 418 e.g., the male portion of the fastener 320
- the snap insert 318 is then placed through a hole formed in the end of the band 300 .
- the snap retainer 422 (the female portion of the fastener 320 ) is inserted into wristband 300 , from the same direction that the snap insert was placed.
- the snap portions 418 , 422 may be inserted in steps 920 , 922 either manually or by machine process as long as the snaps are fully inserted and secure.
- snap portions 418 , 422 may be pre joined such that only one of insertion steps 920 , 922 need be executed to secure both snap portions 418 , 422 to the assembly.
- an adhesive fastening mechanism may be used. This can be carried out by applying a PSA to the outer-side of top layer 310 at distal end 316 of wristband 300 .
- the top layer 210 is actually made somewhat thicker than the bottom layer 220 .
- wristband 300 will be most susceptible to failure near the RFID integrated circuit chip 22 and cross-over 390 areas of wristband 300 .
- bottom and/or top substrate 220 , 210 are created such that they vary in thickness. This can be achieved by adding an additional layer of PET, for example, which is commonly referred to in the art as a “stiffener.”
- the RFID chip 22 and crossover or bridge 390 are then placed such that they are near the part of wristband 300 containing the stiffener.
- the stiffener causes a non-uniform distribution of stress along wristband 300 , such that more stress is concentrated away from the stiffener when wristband 300 is flexed.
- RFID integrated circuit chip 22 and cross-over 390 are placed under less stress during wristband flexion, substantially increasing circuit durability.
- the antenna 30 can also be formed in other ways. For example, it can be formed by depositing copper and/or etching a copper layer. After electrodepositing a copper layer an additional over coating of tin or SnPb (solder) can be over coated to help improve the mechanical integrity of the circuit.
- tin or SnPb solder
- crossover or bridge 390 in different ways.
- an alternative format in which the RFID integrated circuit chip 22 may be provided from the manufacturer is on a metal bridge or “strap.” This strap is insulated on its underside such that it can be laid over the antenna in lieu of a dielectric and cross-over trace. In this manner, the crossover or bridge 390 can be achieved at the same time as the chip is placed down. This reduces the number of print passes and layers required to manufacture the device.
Abstract
Description
- This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/488,278, filed Jul. 18, 2006, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/700,695, filed on Jul. 18, 2005.
- The entire teachings of the above applications are incorporated herein by reference.
- Disposable wristbands have long been used for such things as identification, access control, age verification, among other purposes. Such wristbands have typically been made from materials such as polyester, paper, or vinyl. The physical presence of a wristband of particular color or design is used to identify the wearer as a member of a particular group. These colored wristbands have been used to control access to restricted areas or for other purposes in large crowded venues such as a sports stadium. For example, patrons who provide proof of legal drinking age are issued a wristband of a particular color, to indicate that they have permission to access a beer sales area.
- In recent years, such wristbands have been augmented with Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology. RFID extends the usefulness of such wristbands, as they can each be programmed with a unique code that quickly and easily identifies the wearer. RFID also adds new functionality to such wristbands. As one example, they can be used to locate the wearer. Thus, with the installation of appropriate radio location equipment, a lost child wearing an RFID wristband can be easily found, or prevented from leaving an amusement park unless accompanied by an authorized adult.
- RFID wristbands are also used to allow the purchase of items without the exchange of currency or need for a credit/debit card, or to allow secure communication and monetary exchange among patrons. With this type of RFID wristband, a patron can request the wristband be credited for purchases up to a preselected amount. Purchases can then be made by presenting the wristband at a special RFID reader, instead of using cash or credit/debit cards. These wristbands can also be coded so that a wearer would be prevented from making certain purchases, or from making a single purchase above a chosen limit. This feature can be used to control purchases by children, for example, so they are encouraged to spend their allotted funds wisely.
- However, even such RFID wristbands are susceptible to misuse and unauthorized use. Some wristbands are easily removed, and yet still function after removal. A wristband that still functions after it has been removed provides the opportunity for patrons to exchange wristbands. This could provide patrons with the opportunity to give access to a restricted area to an unauthorized patron. A patron issued an “adult” wristband that allows access to beer sales, for example, could remove and give or sell that wristband to a patron not of legal drinking age. As another example, a thoughtlessly discarded wristband that still has funds credited to it could be retrieved and used by an unauthorized individual to purchase goods or services using someone else's account.
- Wristbands of the type described above are typically intended to be disposable, and may only be used for a few hours. As such, what is needed is a way to manufacture such a wristband to include RFID functionality and security features, without greatly impacting the overall cost.
- The method of manufacture of the wristband includes providing a bottom substrate. First circuit elements are deposited on the bottom substrate. The first circuit elements are cured. A dielectric material is deposited at predetermined areas on the bottom substrate. A remainder of the circuit is deposited on the bottom substrate and dielectric materials. A transponder chip is secured to the bottom substrate to form a transponder. A second substrate is affixed to the bottom substrate such that the dielectric material and circuitry are disposed between the bottom substrate and second substrate.
- The present invention is a design and a construction technique for such a wristband.
- The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following more particular description of preferred embodiments of the invention, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which like reference characters refer to the same parts throughout the different views. The drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon illustrating the principles of the invention.
-
FIG. 1 is a plan view of one embodiment of a wristband according to the present invention not showing a top substrate; -
FIG. 2 is a cross section of the wristband; -
FIGS. 3A and 3B are an exploded view of the wristband showing a top layer and bottom layer; -
FIG. 4 is a top plan view of the top layer; -
FIG. 5 is a top plan view of the bottom layer of the wristband ofFIG. 1 illustrating the antenna and placement of the RFID integrated circuit chip; -
FIGS. 6A through 6D are a top plan, side elevation, bottom plan and perspective view respectively of one embodiment of a snap insert portion to be used with the wristband ofFIG. 1 ; -
FIGS. 7A through 7D are a top plan, sectional, bottom plan and perspective view respectively of one embodiment of a snap retainer portion to be used with the snap insert portion ofFIGS. 6A-6D ; -
FIG. 8 is a view of a crossover portion illustrating how a circuit trace can connect to a terminal of an RFID integrated circuit chip, without shorting, to conductors of the antenna portion in accordance with one embodiment according to the present invention; -
FIG. 9 is a flow chart for the processing steps used to manufacture the wristband in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. - A description of example embodiments of the invention follows.
-
FIG. 1 is a general illustration of a disabling Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)wristband 300 constructed according to the presenting invention. Wristband 300 is in the form of anelongated band 310 withopposite ends - Wristband 300 contains a
transponder 32, which is comprised of anantenna 30 operatively coupled to a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)circuit 22.Antenna 30 is coupled to one or more conductive wires acting astransponder disabling wires 34 such that current will flow through conductive wire(s) 34 in the path illustrated byarrow 330 whentransponder 32 is functioning. In the illustrated embodiment, conductive wire(s) 34 include atop conductor 35 and abottom conductor 36, which are joined at anode 37. As will be described in more detail below, if a discontinuity becomes present in any oftransponder disabling wires 34, thentransponder 32 will become disabled. Hence,conductive wire 34 is also referred to herein as atransponder disabling wire 34. - Wristband 300 also preferably includes a mechanical non-reusable tamper-
resistant locking mechanism 320 to fastenband 310 upon itself atend 314 and to prevent the user from attempting to open thelocking mechanism 320 to remove thewristband 300 without rendering those tampering efforts visually evident. -
Locking mechanism 320 comprises abarbed peg 318 disposed onband 310 atend 314. Alocking hole 322 is disposed onflap 28 atend 314 ofband 310 across afold line 26 frombarbed peg 318. A number of adjustment openings or adjustment holes 24 extend alongband 310 in a direction towardsend 316. Adjustment holes 24 are used to adjust thewristband 300 to conform to body parts of different circumferences. - When ends 314, 316 are brought together, the
barbed peg 318 is arranged to pass through a selectedhole 24 as required for a snug fit. Theflap 28 is then folded alongimaginary fold line 26 andbarbed peg 318 is then passed through lockinghole 322.Peg 318 is shaped to resist removal from the lockinghole 322 without also destroying thelocking mechanism 320 and rendering it incapable of being refastened. Alternatively, or in addition, adjustment holes 24 can be designed to replace or supplementlocking hole 322 by configuring them in such a way that attempts to remove the wristband from thebarbed peg 318 would also destroy thehole 24, thereby disabling the wristband and rendering it incapable of being refastened. - As mentioned previously,
wristband 300 also includes atransponder 32.Transponder 32 contains anantenna 30 and an RFID integrated circuit (IC)chip 22. Thetransponder 32 responds to an RF interrogation signal and in response emits an RF signal representative of information pre-stored or preprogrammed into RFID integratedcircuit chip 22. For example, the information could include the date thewristband 300 is issued, the date thewristband 300 expires and will no longer be usable for access, the age status of the wearer, and whether thewristband 300 can be used for purchasing goods or services. Any other desired information, depending on the context in which the wristband is to be used, may be pre-stored or pre-programmed in the transponder. The signal may also be used to access information stored in a database. - Being a passive-type RFID, the
transponder 32 also derives a power signal fromantenna 30 that supplies power to the rest of the RFIDintegrated circuit chip 22. In the preferred embodiment, theantenna 30 has the form of a continuous electrically conductive coil. - One or more
transponder disabling wires 34 also extend away from the area occupied by thetransponder 32. Thetransponder disabling wires 34 form an electrically conductive path, fromantenna 30 out to end 316 and back toantenna 30, along substantially the entire length of the band 12 ofwristband 300. As will be explained in detail below, thetransponder disabling wires 34 are arranged to connect the components oftransponder 32 and/or form portions of the components themselves, such thattransponder disabling wires 34 must remain intact for thetransponder 32 to operate. - In one embodiment, one or more of the
transponder disabling wires 34 may function as part ofantenna 30. In such an embodiment, consideration should be given to the distance between the sections of the loop antenna andtransponder disabling wires 34 in order to minimize inductance that can lead to possible interference with the operation of the other components oftransponder 32. -
Transponder disabling wires 34 are preferably, but not necessarily, made from printed conductive ink that is robust enough to withstand normal handling but fragile enough that they will be broken if a user attempts to remove the wristband. Alternatively,transponder disabling wires 34 may be a thin wire such as copper wire, a thin foil, or other suitable electrically conductive material that will form an electrically continuous path but will break as a result of tampering. Formingtransponder disabling wires 34 with frangible zones, where stresses from tampering attempts are most likely to occur, may facilitate breakage of the transponder disabling wires. Of course, if the user attempts to remove thewristband 300 with a cutting implement, the conductor formingtransponder disabling wires 34 will also be severed. - Turning attention to
FIG. 2 , in a preferred embodiment the wristband is formed from two layers of a polymeric substrate material such as PET or other flexible plastic material. However, Dupont Teflon™, Teslin® or vinyl are examples of other possible materials. For comfort reasons it is preferred to have at least thebottom layer 220, which forms the substrate for theentire wristband 300, exhibit a low coefficient of friction and generally flexible nature, as it is that layer that will most likely come in close contact to the wearer's skin. - As described in detail below, the
bottom layer 220 is used as a substrate on which are printed acircuit 230 that includes certain elements oftransponder 32 such as theantenna 30 and certain circuit wiring, such as the disabling wire(s) 34. Conductive ink is used to form theantenna 30 andwiring 34. - The
top layer 210 is typically formed of the same material as thebottom layer 220. It is used as a cover-lay for the wristband, and should readily accept printing inks so that identifying graphics, advertisements, or the like, can be printed thereon. - A pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) 240 is used to bind the top 210 and bottom 220 layers. Alternative sealing techniques may also be used, such as heat sealing, radio-frequency sealing, ultrasound sealing, or a hot-melt adhesive.
- Turning to
FIGS. 3A- 7D wristband 300 is described in greater detail.FIG. 3A shows an exploded view of the wristband prior to assembly of the twolayers bottom layer 220 is seen with the printed side up, after installation of the RFIDintegrated circuit chip 22, but prior to installation ofsnap insert 418 that includes thebarbed peg 318 described above, and also prior to installation ofsnap retainer 422 that includes part of thelocking hole 322. - A slit 352, formed by matching
slits near end 314 ofwristband 300 to accommodate any extra length of band material fromfar end 316 after the band is fastened together.Flaps b form flap 28 when bottom 220 is joined totop 210. -
FIG. 3B is a more detailed view illustrating more view of the wristband in the area of the antenna and the integrated circuit chip showing a crossover and more detail of the fastener. Hole A is shown forsnap insert 418 and hole B forsnap retainer 422. Corresponding holes C and D are formed intop layer 210 to receivesnap insert 418 and snapretainer 422. - As seen in
FIGS. 6A-6C ,snap insert 418 includes abase 420 and apeg 318 extending frombase 420.Base 420 is significantly greater in diameter thanpeg 318 and significantly greater in diameter than either one of hole A or hole D. In this way, when assembled, as discussed below,base 420 anchors peg 318 towristband 300. - Similarly, as seen
FIGS. 7A-7D ,snap retainer 422 includes alocking hole 320 formed in abase 424.Base 424 has a diameter substantially greater than the diameter of the opening to hole 322 and substantially greater than the diameter of holes B and C. In this way,base 424 anchors snapretainer 422 towristband 300 when assembled. It should be noted that the interior ofhole 322 is sloped towards a retainingportion 324 to receive the surfaces ofbarbed peg 318, but preventbarbed peg 318 from being removed from receivingportion 324. -
FIG. 8 illustrates still more detail of the construction of thewristband 300 near theantenna 30 and the RFIDintegrated circuit chip 22. Theantenna 30 is defined as a set of individual wire traces 380-1, 380-2, 380-n that form a wire coil; wire traces 380 thus form a progressively smaller loop within a single printed circuit layer. - However, it is necessary to connect one
terminal 371 of thechip 22 to one end of theantenna coil 30, and anotherterminal 372 of thechip 22 to the other end of theantenna coil 30 and/or the transponder disabling wires 34 (in the illustrated embodiment, the transponder disabling wired 34 is connected toterminal 372, so thattransponder disabling wires 34 is placed in electrical series with the coiled traces 380). - To allow for this, without having the individual wire traces 380 of
antenna 30 short against one another, a dielectric is used to form a crossover orbridge 390. As such, anotherconductive trace 385 can be placed over thedielectric bridge 390, completing the connection toterminal 371. -
FIG. 9 illustrates the steps of a process that can be used to manufacture thewristband 300. Reference can be made back toFIGS. 2-8 while examining the steps of the process. - In a
first step 900 of the process, a conductive ink is printed in a first pattern to define elements of theantenna 30 and the disablingwire 34 on the substrate formed bybottom layer 220. The substrate that formsbottom layer 220 is preferably pre-treated, such as by heating, such that further processing will not warp or shrink the substrate once circuit manufacturing has begun. - After the first printing step, a curing
step 902 is performed, wherein heat and/or ultraviolet light is applied to cure the conductive ink onbottom layer 220. - In a
next step 904, a dielectric material is applied in selected areas over the cured bottom layer. The dielectric is used to isolate certain conductive portions of the circuitry from other portions. For example, the dielectric is formed in the area of crossover orbridge 390. However, it can also be used in other areas for other bridge elements. It may be also desirable to use dielectric to isolate other circuitry and/or define vias between multiple printed circuit layers onbottom layer 220. For example, a serpentine pattern used for thetransponder disabling wire 34 that encircles the holes may be defined on multiple printed circuit layers isolated by such dielectric. - The dielectric layer is then cured via UV light or heat in
step 906, depending on the nature of the dielectric material. - Next, another
printing step 908 may be used to print a second set of conductive traces that define further circuitry such as thecrossover trace 385 on crossover orbridge 390 or conductive vias between printed layers, followed by a curingstep 910. - Additionally, electronic components may be formed in steps. For example, a capacitor may be formed in
steps 904 through 910 by printing two conductive parallel plates separated by dielectric layers, as is well understood in the art. - Additional dielectric layers and conductive ink layers may be patterned as desired to provide further circuitry definition by repeating
steps 904 through 910. - In a
next step 912, the RFIDintegrated circuit chip 22 is placed in the proper location on thebottom layer 220. The RFIDintegrated circuit chip 22 is preferably held in place in the desired location using a z-axis conductive adhesive, anisotropic conductive adhesive (ACA), or non-conductive paste (NCP). Alternatively, the RFIDintegrated circuit chip 22 may be connected using a soldering technique if proper steps are taken not to meltbottom layer 220. The RFIDintegrated circuit chip 22 can be any one of any number of different commercial off the shelf RFID integrated circuit chips, such as those available from Texas Instruments or Philips. - As desired, additional electronic components may be placed on
bottom layer 220 instep 912 such as a thin-film battery. - In
lamination steps top layer 210 is laminated to thebottom layer 220 using a pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) type adhesive. The adhesive may be applied first to one layer or the other, and then the two layers subjected to pressure such as by rollers. If no pre-treatment of the adhesive is required, then thecover layer 210 may come pre-coated with a PSA. Lamination integrity should be maintained such that no voids or vacancies or separation of layers occurs and/or damage to the RFIDintegrated circuit chip 22. - If precision lamination is required, an
optional cutting stage 913 may be required to create registration holes. These registration holes will subsequently be utilized during the lamination process to precisely align top andbottom layers - Alternatively, with more sophisticated equipment, layer alignment may be conducted by printing fiducials in an early printing stage and using a vision alignment system during lamination.
- In a
next step 918 the outer dimensions of the wristband are defined by cutting the lamination using a die cut or laser process as before. In addition, theholes 24, and holes forsnap insert 418 and snapretainer 422 are formed. - A
next step 920 is to install thesnap insert 418. The snap insert 418 (e.g., the male portion of the fastener 320) is then placed through a hole formed in the end of theband 300. Note the orientation of thesnap insert 318 from the drawings such as FIG. 3B—that is, thesnap insert 318 should be inserted from the unprinted side ofbottom layer 220, such that the catch portion is visibly protruding on the printed side. - In a
next step 922, the snap retainer 422 (the female portion of the fastener 320) is inserted intowristband 300, from the same direction that the snap insert was placed. - The
snap portions steps portions insertion steps portions - In an alternative embodiment, an adhesive fastening mechanism may be used. This can be carried out by applying a PSA to the outer-side of
top layer 310 atdistal end 316 ofwristband 300. - Various changes can be made to the invention without departing from its true spirit and scope. For example, in one embodiment the
top layer 210 is actually made somewhat thicker than thebottom layer 220. This places conductive circuitry into compression more readily when thewristband 300 is fastened around a wearer's wrist. That is, when such a band is installed around a wearer's wrist, with the thinnerbottom layer 220 carrying the conductive components such as the RFID integratedcircuit chip 22,antenna 30, and disablingwire 34, these will be placed into mechanical compression rather than into mechanical tension. This is because these components are closer to the inside of bend center than the outside of the bend center. Most conductors, particularly percolation conductors such as conductive inks, are mechanically stronger in compression than in tension. As such, this construct markedly increases the durability ofwristband 300. - In addition, note a further advantage of the layout described herein in having the
crossover portion 390 of the circuit laid out perpendicular to a lengthwise, longest axis of thewristband 300. This exposes thecrossover 390 to less stress than it would be otherwise, alleviating a further possible failure point, and increasing robustness of thewristband 300. - It should be further noted that
wristband 300 will be most susceptible to failure near the RFID integratedcircuit chip 22 andcross-over 390 areas ofwristband 300. In an improvement towristband 300, bottom and/ortop substrate RFID chip 22 and crossover orbridge 390 are then placed such that they are near the part ofwristband 300 containing the stiffener. The stiffener causes a non-uniform distribution of stress alongwristband 300, such that more stress is concentrated away from the stiffener whenwristband 300 is flexed. As such, RFID integratedcircuit chip 22 andcross-over 390 are placed under less stress during wristband flexion, substantially increasing circuit durability. - The
antenna 30 can also be formed in other ways. For example, it can be formed by depositing copper and/or etching a copper layer. After electrodepositing a copper layer an additional over coating of tin or SnPb (solder) can be over coated to help improve the mechanical integrity of the circuit. - Other configurations are possible that use crossover or
bridge 390 in different ways. For example, an alternative format in which the RFID integratedcircuit chip 22 may be provided from the manufacturer is on a metal bridge or “strap.” This strap is insulated on its underside such that it can be laid over the antenna in lieu of a dielectric and cross-over trace. In this manner, the crossover orbridge 390 can be achieved at the same time as the chip is placed down. This reduces the number of print passes and layers required to manufacture the device. - While this invention has been particularly shown and described with references to preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention encompassed by the appended claims.
Claims (11)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/460,584 US20100095522A1 (en) | 2005-07-18 | 2009-07-20 | Method of manufacture of an identification wristband construction |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US70069505P | 2005-07-18 | 2005-07-18 | |
US11/488,278 US7562445B2 (en) | 2005-07-18 | 2006-07-18 | Method of manufacture of an identification wristband construction |
US12/460,584 US20100095522A1 (en) | 2005-07-18 | 2009-07-20 | Method of manufacture of an identification wristband construction |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/488,278 Continuation US7562445B2 (en) | 2005-07-18 | 2006-07-18 | Method of manufacture of an identification wristband construction |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20100095522A1 true US20100095522A1 (en) | 2010-04-22 |
Family
ID=37660310
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/488,278 Expired - Fee Related US7562445B2 (en) | 2005-07-18 | 2006-07-18 | Method of manufacture of an identification wristband construction |
US12/460,584 Abandoned US20100095522A1 (en) | 2005-07-18 | 2009-07-20 | Method of manufacture of an identification wristband construction |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/488,278 Expired - Fee Related US7562445B2 (en) | 2005-07-18 | 2006-07-18 | Method of manufacture of an identification wristband construction |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US7562445B2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20110057043A1 (en) * | 2009-09-10 | 2011-03-10 | Rcd Technology, Inc. | Radio frequency identification (rfid) antenna with tuning stubs for mount on metal rfid tag |
US9525201B2 (en) | 2014-10-27 | 2016-12-20 | Nokia Technologies Oy | Hinge that serves as a radiator |
Families Citing this family (34)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8722235B2 (en) | 2004-04-21 | 2014-05-13 | Blue Spark Technologies, Inc. | Thin printable flexible electrochemical cell and method of making the same |
US8029927B2 (en) | 2005-03-22 | 2011-10-04 | Blue Spark Technologies, Inc. | Thin printable electrochemical cell utilizing a “picture frame” and methods of making the same |
US8722233B2 (en) | 2005-05-06 | 2014-05-13 | Blue Spark Technologies, Inc. | RFID antenna-battery assembly and the method to make the same |
US7562445B2 (en) * | 2005-07-18 | 2009-07-21 | Bartronics America, Inc. | Method of manufacture of an identification wristband construction |
US7644861B2 (en) * | 2006-04-18 | 2010-01-12 | Bgc Partners, Inc. | Systems and methods for providing access to wireless gaming devices |
US7549576B2 (en) | 2006-05-05 | 2009-06-23 | Cfph, L.L.C. | Systems and methods for providing access to wireless gaming devices |
CA2672993C (en) * | 2006-12-18 | 2014-04-08 | Paolo Stefanelli | Anti-theft device |
EP2176814A4 (en) | 2007-07-18 | 2012-06-13 | Blue Spark Technologies Inc | Integrated electronic device and methods of making the same |
KR100928119B1 (en) * | 2007-10-30 | 2009-11-24 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | Printed Circuit Board and Secondary Battery Using the Same |
US8574754B2 (en) | 2007-12-19 | 2013-11-05 | Blue Spark Technologies, Inc. | High current thin electrochemical cell and methods of making the same |
US8947207B2 (en) | 2008-04-29 | 2015-02-03 | Quake Global, Inc. | Method and apparatus for a deployable radio-frequency identification portal system |
ITFO20080026A1 (en) * | 2008-12-15 | 2010-06-16 | Ceracarta S P A | IDENTIFICATION AND SAFETY SEAL BRACELET THAT CAN CONTAIN A SERIES OF INFORMATION, TO BE APPLIED TO PEOPLE ANIMALS OR THINGS, AND SUITABLE FOR A SINGLE USE. |
KR101023884B1 (en) * | 2009-02-18 | 2011-03-22 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | Battery Pack |
ITBO20090329A1 (en) * | 2009-05-21 | 2010-11-22 | Siar S R L | REMOTE IDENTIFICATION DEVICE FOR FOOD |
US8590799B2 (en) * | 2010-04-30 | 2013-11-26 | Jun Liu | Systems, methods, apparatus of a secure RFID record |
US9563835B2 (en) | 2010-09-01 | 2017-02-07 | Quake Global, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for automatic identification wristband |
WO2013044224A2 (en) | 2011-09-22 | 2013-03-28 | Blue Spark Technologies, Inc. | Cell attachment method |
US8765284B2 (en) | 2012-05-21 | 2014-07-01 | Blue Spark Technologies, Inc. | Multi-cell battery |
DE13852079T1 (en) | 2012-11-01 | 2015-11-19 | Blue Spark Technologies, Inc. | Plaster for logging the body temperature |
US9444078B2 (en) | 2012-11-27 | 2016-09-13 | Blue Spark Technologies, Inc. | Battery cell construction |
US9841492B2 (en) | 2013-02-25 | 2017-12-12 | Quake Global, Inc. | Ceiling-mounted RFID-enabled tracking |
CA2902912C (en) * | 2013-02-26 | 2022-02-01 | Quake Global, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for automatic identification wristband |
US9693689B2 (en) | 2014-12-31 | 2017-07-04 | Blue Spark Technologies, Inc. | Body temperature logging patch |
US10849501B2 (en) | 2017-08-09 | 2020-12-01 | Blue Spark Technologies, Inc. | Body temperature logging patch |
WO2019046429A1 (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2019-03-07 | Precision Dynamics Corporation | Wearable rfid device |
US10505394B2 (en) * | 2018-04-21 | 2019-12-10 | Tectus Corporation | Power generation necklaces that mitigate energy absorption in the human body |
US10895762B2 (en) | 2018-04-30 | 2021-01-19 | Tectus Corporation | Multi-coil field generation in an electronic contact lens system |
US10838239B2 (en) | 2018-04-30 | 2020-11-17 | Tectus Corporation | Multi-coil field generation in an electronic contact lens system |
US10790700B2 (en) | 2018-05-18 | 2020-09-29 | Tectus Corporation | Power generation necklaces with field shaping systems |
US11137622B2 (en) | 2018-07-15 | 2021-10-05 | Tectus Corporation | Eye-mounted displays including embedded conductive coils |
US10838232B2 (en) | 2018-11-26 | 2020-11-17 | Tectus Corporation | Eye-mounted displays including embedded solenoids |
US10644543B1 (en) | 2018-12-20 | 2020-05-05 | Tectus Corporation | Eye-mounted display system including a head wearable object |
US10944290B2 (en) | 2019-08-02 | 2021-03-09 | Tectus Corporation | Headgear providing inductive coupling to a contact lens |
WO2024006747A2 (en) * | 2022-06-27 | 2024-01-04 | Alcohol Monitoring Systems, Inc. | Tamper-proof mounting strap for a monitoring device |
Citations (96)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
USD253258S (en) * | 1978-05-30 | 1979-10-30 | Tandy Brands, Inc. | Trouser belt |
US4272900A (en) * | 1976-09-27 | 1981-06-16 | Promex Plastics (Proprietary) Limited | Identity band |
US4318234A (en) * | 1977-01-10 | 1982-03-09 | Precision Dynamics Corporation | Identification device with versatile imprinting means |
US4736196A (en) * | 1986-11-18 | 1988-04-05 | Cost-Effective Monitoring Systems, Co. | Electronic monitoring system |
US4800543A (en) * | 1987-12-03 | 1989-01-24 | Ramtron Corporation | Timepiece communication system |
US4835372A (en) * | 1985-07-19 | 1989-05-30 | Clincom Incorporated | Patient care system |
US4833807A (en) * | 1987-12-04 | 1989-05-30 | Panorama Plastics Ltd. | Lockable security identification wriststrap |
US4857893A (en) * | 1986-07-18 | 1989-08-15 | Bi Inc. | Single chip transponder device |
US4914843A (en) * | 1987-10-15 | 1990-04-10 | Barnhart Industries, Inc. | Identification band |
US5032823A (en) * | 1988-05-27 | 1991-07-16 | Digital Products Corporation | Secure personnel monitoring system |
US5092067A (en) * | 1990-04-23 | 1992-03-03 | Textron Inc. | Leather identification bracelet |
US5128686A (en) * | 1989-01-23 | 1992-07-07 | Motorola, Inc. | Reactance buffered loop antenna and method for making the same |
US5231663A (en) * | 1991-03-18 | 1993-07-27 | Earl Joseph G | Image processing system |
US5423574A (en) * | 1993-12-10 | 1995-06-13 | Forte-Pathroff; Denise | Child loss prevention system and method of use |
US5430441A (en) * | 1993-10-12 | 1995-07-04 | Motorola, Inc. | Transponding tag and method |
US5448846A (en) * | 1992-04-09 | 1995-09-12 | Precision Dynamics Corporation | Identification device for machine imprinting |
US5457906A (en) * | 1992-11-19 | 1995-10-17 | Precision Dynamics Corporation | Adhesive closure for identification band and method |
US5499468A (en) * | 1994-08-26 | 1996-03-19 | Henry; Jesse E. | Identification bracelet |
US5504474A (en) * | 1994-07-18 | 1996-04-02 | Elmo Tech Ltd. | Tag for electronic personnel monitoring |
US5512879A (en) * | 1994-07-25 | 1996-04-30 | Stokes; John H. | Apparatus to prevent infant kidnappings and mixups |
US5525969A (en) * | 1992-05-18 | 1996-06-11 | Ladue; Christoph K. | Monitoring device for location verification |
US5612675A (en) * | 1993-10-08 | 1997-03-18 | Intellitech International, Inc. | Anti-removal monitoring device |
US5627520A (en) * | 1995-07-10 | 1997-05-06 | Protell Systems International, Inc. | Tamper detect monitoring device |
US5644295A (en) * | 1994-09-05 | 1997-07-01 | Permasign Limited | Security device |
US5646592A (en) * | 1992-07-27 | 1997-07-08 | Micron Communications, Inc. | Anti-theft method for detecting the unauthorized opening of containers and baggage |
US5754110A (en) * | 1996-03-07 | 1998-05-19 | Checkpoint Systems, Inc. | Security tag and manufacturing method |
US5781442A (en) * | 1995-05-15 | 1998-07-14 | Alaris Medical Systems, Inc. | System and method for collecting data and managing patient care |
US5867102A (en) * | 1997-02-27 | 1999-02-02 | Wallace Computer Services, Inc. | Electronic article surveillance label assembly and method of manufacture |
US5873188A (en) * | 1996-10-28 | 1999-02-23 | Gehris; Ned R. | Identification bands |
US5883576A (en) * | 1998-01-14 | 1999-03-16 | De La Huerga; Carlos | Identification bracelet with electronics information |
US5973600A (en) * | 1997-09-11 | 1999-10-26 | Precision Dynamics Corporation | Laminated radio frequency identification device |
US5973598A (en) * | 1997-09-11 | 1999-10-26 | Precision Dynamics Corporation | Radio frequency identification tag on flexible substrate |
US6021494A (en) * | 1995-07-20 | 2000-02-01 | Dallas Semiconductor Corporation | Electronic micro identification circuit that is inherently bonded to someone or something |
US6043746A (en) * | 1999-02-17 | 2000-03-28 | Microchip Technology Incorporated | Radio frequency identification (RFID) security tag for merchandise and method therefor |
US6050622A (en) * | 1991-12-19 | 2000-04-18 | Gustafson; Ake | Safety sealing device |
US6055756A (en) * | 1995-10-31 | 2000-05-02 | Sun Platech Co. | Band for recognition |
US6058637A (en) * | 1999-04-26 | 2000-05-09 | Hollister Incorporated | Imprintable tape with tear lines defining asymmetrical identification bracelets |
US6072396A (en) * | 1994-12-30 | 2000-06-06 | Advanced Business Sciences | Apparatus and method for continuous electronic monitoring and tracking of individuals |
US6079135A (en) * | 1999-05-17 | 2000-06-27 | Ruiz; Timothy P. | Flexible identification collar for hoses |
US6092321A (en) * | 1998-08-18 | 2000-07-25 | Victor Ka Shun Chu | Identity tags |
US6100804A (en) * | 1998-10-29 | 2000-08-08 | Intecmec Ip Corp. | Radio frequency identification system |
US6104295A (en) * | 1998-07-20 | 2000-08-15 | Versus Technology, Inc. | Electronic band tag and method of storing ID information therein |
US6104311A (en) * | 1996-08-26 | 2000-08-15 | Addison Technologies | Information storage and identification tag |
US6107920A (en) * | 1998-06-09 | 2000-08-22 | Motorola, Inc. | Radio frequency identification tag having an article integrated antenna |
US6111520A (en) * | 1997-04-18 | 2000-08-29 | Georgia Tech Research Corp. | System and method for the wireless sensing of physical properties |
US6115223A (en) * | 1996-12-04 | 2000-09-05 | Seagate Technology, Inc. | Elongate microactuator spanning leading edge surface of slider |
US6211790B1 (en) * | 1999-05-19 | 2001-04-03 | Elpas North America, Inc. | Infant and parent matching and security system and method of matching infant and parent |
US6219789B1 (en) * | 1995-07-20 | 2001-04-17 | Dallas Semiconductor Corporation | Microprocessor with coprocessing capabilities for secure transactions and quick clearing capabilities |
US6236319B1 (en) * | 1998-07-31 | 2001-05-22 | Beryl E. Pitzer | Personal monitoring system |
US6255951B1 (en) * | 1996-12-20 | 2001-07-03 | Carlos De La Huerga | Electronic identification bracelet |
US6335907B1 (en) * | 1999-07-23 | 2002-01-01 | Robert Momich | Package with integrated circuit chip embedded therein and system for using same |
US20020007292A1 (en) * | 2000-03-28 | 2002-01-17 | Paxton Mark S. | Method and apparatus for reserving a place in line |
US6346886B1 (en) * | 1996-12-20 | 2002-02-12 | Carlos De La Huerga | Electronic identification apparatus |
US6349493B1 (en) * | 1994-01-03 | 2002-02-26 | Moore Business Forms, Inc. | Debit wristbands |
US6352045B1 (en) * | 1999-09-24 | 2002-03-05 | Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha | Immobilization system for watercraft |
US6352205B1 (en) * | 1994-03-03 | 2002-03-05 | Busch Entertainment Corporation | Prepayment wristband and computer debit system |
US6373447B1 (en) * | 1998-12-28 | 2002-04-16 | Kawasaki Steel Corporation | On-chip antenna, and systems utilizing same |
US20020049656A1 (en) * | 2000-09-29 | 2002-04-25 | Lancos Kenneth J. | System and method for providing monetary credits to a guest within a coverage area |
US6384727B1 (en) * | 2000-08-02 | 2002-05-07 | Motorola, Inc. | Capacitively powered radio frequency identification device |
US6392543B2 (en) * | 1998-09-11 | 2002-05-21 | Key-Trak, Inc. | Mobile object tracking system |
US20020067264A1 (en) * | 2000-03-15 | 2002-06-06 | Soehnlen John Pius | Tamper Evident Radio Frequency Identification System And Package |
US20020070865A1 (en) * | 2000-09-29 | 2002-06-13 | Lancos Kenneth J. | System and method for creating a group of guests at a coverage area |
US20020082897A1 (en) * | 2000-12-26 | 2002-06-27 | Douglas Menelly | Method and apparatus for facilitating amusement park activities and storing demographic information |
US20020084904A1 (en) * | 1996-12-20 | 2002-07-04 | Carlos De La Huerga | Electronic identification apparatus |
US6421013B1 (en) * | 1999-10-04 | 2002-07-16 | Amerasia International Technology, Inc. | Tamper-resistant wireless article including an antenna |
US6424623B1 (en) * | 1996-10-15 | 2002-07-23 | Motorola, Inc. | Virtual queuing system using proximity-based short-range wireless links |
US6431455B1 (en) * | 1998-07-21 | 2002-08-13 | Skidata Ag | Contactless data carrier |
US6434158B1 (en) * | 1996-10-15 | 2002-08-13 | Motorola, Inc. | Entryway system using proximity-based short-range wireless links |
US6434159B1 (en) * | 1996-10-15 | 2002-08-13 | Motorola, Inc. | Transaction system and method therefor |
US6472989B2 (en) * | 2000-02-29 | 2002-10-29 | Frederick H. Roy, Jr. | Child protection bracelet |
US20030075608A1 (en) * | 2000-03-21 | 2003-04-24 | Atherton Peter S | Tamper indicating radio frequency identification label |
US20030173408A1 (en) * | 2002-03-18 | 2003-09-18 | Precision Dynamics Corporation | Enhanced identification appliance |
US20030174049A1 (en) * | 2002-03-18 | 2003-09-18 | Precision Dynamics Corporation | Wearable identification appliance that communicates with a wireless communications network such as bluetooth |
US6693543B1 (en) * | 1999-05-05 | 2004-02-17 | Guidance Control Systems Limited | Tagging device |
US20040060215A1 (en) * | 2002-09-27 | 2004-04-01 | Laser Band, Llc. | Wristband/label assembly business form and method |
US20040066296A1 (en) * | 2001-11-15 | 2004-04-08 | Atherton Peter S. | Tamper indicating radio frequency identification label with tracking capability |
US6744367B1 (en) * | 1999-05-22 | 2004-06-01 | Marconi Data Systems Limited | Identification tag |
US20040104274A1 (en) * | 2002-03-18 | 2004-06-03 | Kotik Mark M. | Identification band with adhesively attached coupling elements |
US6772546B2 (en) * | 2001-03-28 | 2004-08-10 | Latschbacher Gmbh | Marking element for marking timber, especially tree trunks |
US6782648B1 (en) * | 1992-11-09 | 2004-08-31 | Precision Dynamics Corporation | Wristband having exposed adhesive fastener |
US20040189470A1 (en) * | 2003-03-26 | 2004-09-30 | Girvin Joshua M. | Non-reusable identification device |
US6888502B2 (en) * | 2002-03-05 | 2005-05-03 | Precision Dynamics Corporation | Microstrip antenna for an identification appliance |
US6923378B2 (en) * | 2000-12-22 | 2005-08-02 | Digimarc Id Systems | Identification card |
US6933844B2 (en) * | 2002-03-13 | 2005-08-23 | James W. Hill | Closure security seal with time-recording feature |
US20050184155A1 (en) * | 2000-12-21 | 2005-08-25 | Ron Pinkus | Automatic payment system using RF ID tags |
US20050184874A1 (en) * | 1997-03-12 | 2005-08-25 | Mosher Walter W.Jr. | Identification device having reusable transponder |
US20060076402A1 (en) * | 2004-10-08 | 2006-04-13 | Proximities, Inc. | Method for authorizing an auxiliary account using identification wristbands |
US7049962B2 (en) * | 2000-07-28 | 2006-05-23 | Micoh Corporation | Materials and construction for a tamper indicating radio frequency identification label |
US20060143961A1 (en) * | 2002-09-27 | 2006-07-06 | Riley James M | Printer processable wristband with laminating panels |
US7084764B2 (en) * | 2004-04-15 | 2006-08-01 | Secure Care Products, Inc. | System and method for monitoring location of an object |
US20060202829A1 (en) * | 2005-02-28 | 2006-09-14 | Proximities, Inc. | Tamper-resistant RFID disabling apparatus |
US20070050751A1 (en) * | 2005-08-31 | 2007-03-01 | Microsoft Corporation | Automatic interoperation with legacy POS service and control objects |
US20070103272A1 (en) * | 2005-09-12 | 2007-05-10 | Alden Ray M | Configurable RFID apparatus and process |
US20070120687A1 (en) * | 2005-11-29 | 2007-05-31 | Lerch John W | Identification band using a conductive fastening for enhanced security and functionality |
US7562445B2 (en) * | 2005-07-18 | 2009-07-21 | Bartronics America, Inc. | Method of manufacture of an identification wristband construction |
US20090315320A1 (en) * | 2006-09-26 | 2009-12-24 | Advanced Microelectronic And Automation Technology Ltd. | Inlays for security documents |
Family Cites Families (21)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4885571A (en) | 1986-04-15 | 1989-12-05 | B. I. Incorperated | Tag for use with personnel monitoring system |
US4935372A (en) * | 1986-05-20 | 1990-06-19 | Dana Farber Cancer Institute | Art nucleotide segments, vectors, cell lines methods of preparation and use |
FR2627308B1 (en) * | 1988-02-15 | 1990-06-01 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | METHOD FOR CONTROLLING A MATRIX DISPLAY SCREEN FOR ADJUSTING ITS CONTRAST AND DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT SAID METHOD |
US4980671A (en) | 1989-04-26 | 1990-12-25 | Guardian Technologies, Inc. | Remote confinement system with timed tamper signal reset |
US4973944A (en) * | 1989-05-19 | 1990-11-27 | Maletta Gabriel J | Electrical signal and alarm protection proximity device |
US5115223A (en) * | 1990-09-20 | 1992-05-19 | Moody Thomas O | Personnel location monitoring system and method |
USD342595S (en) | 1991-08-26 | 1993-12-28 | Day Sheng T | Adjustable strap |
CA2055266C (en) | 1991-11-12 | 2000-03-14 | Brian Wayne Martin | Fibre optic security and communications link |
US5471197A (en) * | 1993-02-19 | 1995-11-28 | Cincinnati Microwave, Inc. | Tamper-proof bracelet for home arrest system |
WO1995002877A1 (en) | 1993-07-15 | 1995-01-26 | Precision Dynamics Corporation | Improved pocket-style identification bracelet |
US5364133A (en) * | 1994-01-12 | 1994-11-15 | Zebra Technologies Corporation | Identification bracelet |
US6474557B2 (en) | 2000-10-23 | 2002-11-05 | Busch Entertainment Corporation | Prepayment wristband and computer debit system |
CN1233327A (en) | 1996-10-17 | 1999-10-27 | 准确定位公司 | Article tracking system |
EP0956693A4 (en) * | 1996-11-19 | 2004-07-14 | Prec Dynamics Corp | Linkage identification system |
US5831535A (en) * | 1997-07-24 | 1998-11-03 | Elmo-Tech Ltd. | Electronic monitoring device and monitoring system including same |
US5977877A (en) * | 1998-05-18 | 1999-11-02 | Instantel Inc. | Multiple conductor security tag |
US6144303A (en) * | 1999-02-01 | 2000-11-07 | Exi Wireless Systems, Inc. | Tag and system for patient safety monitoring |
US6958677B1 (en) * | 2000-03-31 | 2005-10-25 | Ge Medical Systems Information Technologies, Inc. | Object location monitoring system |
US6806812B1 (en) * | 2000-04-26 | 2004-10-19 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Automated antenna trim for transmitting and receiving semiconductor devices |
US6480110B2 (en) | 2000-12-01 | 2002-11-12 | Microchip Technology Incorporated | Inductively tunable antenna for a radio frequency identification tag |
US7119690B2 (en) * | 2004-10-08 | 2006-10-10 | Proximities, Inc. | Identification band using serpentine paths to detect tampering |
-
2006
- 2006-07-18 US US11/488,278 patent/US7562445B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2009
- 2009-07-20 US US12/460,584 patent/US20100095522A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (101)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4272900A (en) * | 1976-09-27 | 1981-06-16 | Promex Plastics (Proprietary) Limited | Identity band |
US4318234A (en) * | 1977-01-10 | 1982-03-09 | Precision Dynamics Corporation | Identification device with versatile imprinting means |
USD253258S (en) * | 1978-05-30 | 1979-10-30 | Tandy Brands, Inc. | Trouser belt |
US4835372A (en) * | 1985-07-19 | 1989-05-30 | Clincom Incorporated | Patient care system |
US4857893A (en) * | 1986-07-18 | 1989-08-15 | Bi Inc. | Single chip transponder device |
US4736196A (en) * | 1986-11-18 | 1988-04-05 | Cost-Effective Monitoring Systems, Co. | Electronic monitoring system |
US4914843A (en) * | 1987-10-15 | 1990-04-10 | Barnhart Industries, Inc. | Identification band |
US4800543A (en) * | 1987-12-03 | 1989-01-24 | Ramtron Corporation | Timepiece communication system |
US4833807A (en) * | 1987-12-04 | 1989-05-30 | Panorama Plastics Ltd. | Lockable security identification wriststrap |
US5032823A (en) * | 1988-05-27 | 1991-07-16 | Digital Products Corporation | Secure personnel monitoring system |
US5128686A (en) * | 1989-01-23 | 1992-07-07 | Motorola, Inc. | Reactance buffered loop antenna and method for making the same |
US5092067A (en) * | 1990-04-23 | 1992-03-03 | Textron Inc. | Leather identification bracelet |
US5231663A (en) * | 1991-03-18 | 1993-07-27 | Earl Joseph G | Image processing system |
US6050622A (en) * | 1991-12-19 | 2000-04-18 | Gustafson; Ake | Safety sealing device |
US5448846A (en) * | 1992-04-09 | 1995-09-12 | Precision Dynamics Corporation | Identification device for machine imprinting |
US5525969A (en) * | 1992-05-18 | 1996-06-11 | Ladue; Christoph K. | Monitoring device for location verification |
US5646592A (en) * | 1992-07-27 | 1997-07-08 | Micron Communications, Inc. | Anti-theft method for detecting the unauthorized opening of containers and baggage |
US6782648B1 (en) * | 1992-11-09 | 2004-08-31 | Precision Dynamics Corporation | Wristband having exposed adhesive fastener |
US5457906A (en) * | 1992-11-19 | 1995-10-17 | Precision Dynamics Corporation | Adhesive closure for identification band and method |
US5612675A (en) * | 1993-10-08 | 1997-03-18 | Intellitech International, Inc. | Anti-removal monitoring device |
US5430441A (en) * | 1993-10-12 | 1995-07-04 | Motorola, Inc. | Transponding tag and method |
US5423574A (en) * | 1993-12-10 | 1995-06-13 | Forte-Pathroff; Denise | Child loss prevention system and method of use |
US6349493B1 (en) * | 1994-01-03 | 2002-02-26 | Moore Business Forms, Inc. | Debit wristbands |
US6352205B1 (en) * | 1994-03-03 | 2002-03-05 | Busch Entertainment Corporation | Prepayment wristband and computer debit system |
US5504474A (en) * | 1994-07-18 | 1996-04-02 | Elmo Tech Ltd. | Tag for electronic personnel monitoring |
US5512879A (en) * | 1994-07-25 | 1996-04-30 | Stokes; John H. | Apparatus to prevent infant kidnappings and mixups |
US5499468A (en) * | 1994-08-26 | 1996-03-19 | Henry; Jesse E. | Identification bracelet |
US5644295A (en) * | 1994-09-05 | 1997-07-01 | Permasign Limited | Security device |
US6072396A (en) * | 1994-12-30 | 2000-06-06 | Advanced Business Sciences | Apparatus and method for continuous electronic monitoring and tracking of individuals |
US5781442A (en) * | 1995-05-15 | 1998-07-14 | Alaris Medical Systems, Inc. | System and method for collecting data and managing patient care |
US5627520A (en) * | 1995-07-10 | 1997-05-06 | Protell Systems International, Inc. | Tamper detect monitoring device |
US6021494A (en) * | 1995-07-20 | 2000-02-01 | Dallas Semiconductor Corporation | Electronic micro identification circuit that is inherently bonded to someone or something |
US6219789B1 (en) * | 1995-07-20 | 2001-04-17 | Dallas Semiconductor Corporation | Microprocessor with coprocessing capabilities for secure transactions and quick clearing capabilities |
US6055756A (en) * | 1995-10-31 | 2000-05-02 | Sun Platech Co. | Band for recognition |
US5754110A (en) * | 1996-03-07 | 1998-05-19 | Checkpoint Systems, Inc. | Security tag and manufacturing method |
US6104311A (en) * | 1996-08-26 | 2000-08-15 | Addison Technologies | Information storage and identification tag |
US6434159B1 (en) * | 1996-10-15 | 2002-08-13 | Motorola, Inc. | Transaction system and method therefor |
US6434158B1 (en) * | 1996-10-15 | 2002-08-13 | Motorola, Inc. | Entryway system using proximity-based short-range wireless links |
US6424623B1 (en) * | 1996-10-15 | 2002-07-23 | Motorola, Inc. | Virtual queuing system using proximity-based short-range wireless links |
US5873188A (en) * | 1996-10-28 | 1999-02-23 | Gehris; Ned R. | Identification bands |
US6115223A (en) * | 1996-12-04 | 2000-09-05 | Seagate Technology, Inc. | Elongate microactuator spanning leading edge surface of slider |
US6255951B1 (en) * | 1996-12-20 | 2001-07-03 | Carlos De La Huerga | Electronic identification bracelet |
US20020084904A1 (en) * | 1996-12-20 | 2002-07-04 | Carlos De La Huerga | Electronic identification apparatus |
US6346886B1 (en) * | 1996-12-20 | 2002-02-12 | Carlos De La Huerga | Electronic identification apparatus |
US5867102C1 (en) * | 1997-02-27 | 2002-09-10 | Wallace Comp Srvices Inc | Electronic article surveillance label assembly and method of manufacture |
US5867102A (en) * | 1997-02-27 | 1999-02-02 | Wallace Computer Services, Inc. | Electronic article surveillance label assembly and method of manufacture |
US20050184874A1 (en) * | 1997-03-12 | 2005-08-25 | Mosher Walter W.Jr. | Identification device having reusable transponder |
US6111520A (en) * | 1997-04-18 | 2000-08-29 | Georgia Tech Research Corp. | System and method for the wireless sensing of physical properties |
US5973600A (en) * | 1997-09-11 | 1999-10-26 | Precision Dynamics Corporation | Laminated radio frequency identification device |
US5973598A (en) * | 1997-09-11 | 1999-10-26 | Precision Dynamics Corporation | Radio frequency identification tag on flexible substrate |
US5883576A (en) * | 1998-01-14 | 1999-03-16 | De La Huerga; Carlos | Identification bracelet with electronics information |
US6107920A (en) * | 1998-06-09 | 2000-08-22 | Motorola, Inc. | Radio frequency identification tag having an article integrated antenna |
US6104295A (en) * | 1998-07-20 | 2000-08-15 | Versus Technology, Inc. | Electronic band tag and method of storing ID information therein |
US6431455B1 (en) * | 1998-07-21 | 2002-08-13 | Skidata Ag | Contactless data carrier |
US6236319B1 (en) * | 1998-07-31 | 2001-05-22 | Beryl E. Pitzer | Personal monitoring system |
US6092321A (en) * | 1998-08-18 | 2000-07-25 | Victor Ka Shun Chu | Identity tags |
US6392543B2 (en) * | 1998-09-11 | 2002-05-21 | Key-Trak, Inc. | Mobile object tracking system |
US6100804A (en) * | 1998-10-29 | 2000-08-08 | Intecmec Ip Corp. | Radio frequency identification system |
US6373447B1 (en) * | 1998-12-28 | 2002-04-16 | Kawasaki Steel Corporation | On-chip antenna, and systems utilizing same |
US6043746A (en) * | 1999-02-17 | 2000-03-28 | Microchip Technology Incorporated | Radio frequency identification (RFID) security tag for merchandise and method therefor |
US6058637A (en) * | 1999-04-26 | 2000-05-09 | Hollister Incorporated | Imprintable tape with tear lines defining asymmetrical identification bracelets |
US6693543B1 (en) * | 1999-05-05 | 2004-02-17 | Guidance Control Systems Limited | Tagging device |
US6079135A (en) * | 1999-05-17 | 2000-06-27 | Ruiz; Timothy P. | Flexible identification collar for hoses |
US6211790B1 (en) * | 1999-05-19 | 2001-04-03 | Elpas North America, Inc. | Infant and parent matching and security system and method of matching infant and parent |
US6744367B1 (en) * | 1999-05-22 | 2004-06-01 | Marconi Data Systems Limited | Identification tag |
US6335907B1 (en) * | 1999-07-23 | 2002-01-01 | Robert Momich | Package with integrated circuit chip embedded therein and system for using same |
US6352045B1 (en) * | 1999-09-24 | 2002-03-05 | Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha | Immobilization system for watercraft |
US6421013B1 (en) * | 1999-10-04 | 2002-07-16 | Amerasia International Technology, Inc. | Tamper-resistant wireless article including an antenna |
US6472989B2 (en) * | 2000-02-29 | 2002-10-29 | Frederick H. Roy, Jr. | Child protection bracelet |
US20020067264A1 (en) * | 2000-03-15 | 2002-06-06 | Soehnlen John Pius | Tamper Evident Radio Frequency Identification System And Package |
US20030075608A1 (en) * | 2000-03-21 | 2003-04-24 | Atherton Peter S | Tamper indicating radio frequency identification label |
US6888509B2 (en) * | 2000-03-21 | 2005-05-03 | Mikoh Corporation | Tamper indicating radio frequency identification label |
US20020007292A1 (en) * | 2000-03-28 | 2002-01-17 | Paxton Mark S. | Method and apparatus for reserving a place in line |
US7049962B2 (en) * | 2000-07-28 | 2006-05-23 | Micoh Corporation | Materials and construction for a tamper indicating radio frequency identification label |
US6384727B1 (en) * | 2000-08-02 | 2002-05-07 | Motorola, Inc. | Capacitively powered radio frequency identification device |
US20020049656A1 (en) * | 2000-09-29 | 2002-04-25 | Lancos Kenneth J. | System and method for providing monetary credits to a guest within a coverage area |
US20020070865A1 (en) * | 2000-09-29 | 2002-06-13 | Lancos Kenneth J. | System and method for creating a group of guests at a coverage area |
US20050184155A1 (en) * | 2000-12-21 | 2005-08-25 | Ron Pinkus | Automatic payment system using RF ID tags |
US6923378B2 (en) * | 2000-12-22 | 2005-08-02 | Digimarc Id Systems | Identification card |
US20020082897A1 (en) * | 2000-12-26 | 2002-06-27 | Douglas Menelly | Method and apparatus for facilitating amusement park activities and storing demographic information |
US6772546B2 (en) * | 2001-03-28 | 2004-08-10 | Latschbacher Gmbh | Marking element for marking timber, especially tree trunks |
US20040066296A1 (en) * | 2001-11-15 | 2004-04-08 | Atherton Peter S. | Tamper indicating radio frequency identification label with tracking capability |
US6888502B2 (en) * | 2002-03-05 | 2005-05-03 | Precision Dynamics Corporation | Microstrip antenna for an identification appliance |
US6933844B2 (en) * | 2002-03-13 | 2005-08-23 | James W. Hill | Closure security seal with time-recording feature |
US20030174049A1 (en) * | 2002-03-18 | 2003-09-18 | Precision Dynamics Corporation | Wearable identification appliance that communicates with a wireless communications network such as bluetooth |
US7204425B2 (en) * | 2002-03-18 | 2007-04-17 | Precision Dynamics Corporation | Enhanced identification appliance |
US20040104274A1 (en) * | 2002-03-18 | 2004-06-03 | Kotik Mark M. | Identification band with adhesively attached coupling elements |
US20030173408A1 (en) * | 2002-03-18 | 2003-09-18 | Precision Dynamics Corporation | Enhanced identification appliance |
US20040060215A1 (en) * | 2002-09-27 | 2004-04-01 | Laser Band, Llc. | Wristband/label assembly business form and method |
US20060143961A1 (en) * | 2002-09-27 | 2006-07-06 | Riley James M | Printer processable wristband with laminating panels |
US20060187065A1 (en) * | 2003-03-26 | 2006-08-24 | Girvin Joshua M | Non-reusable identification device |
US7042357B2 (en) * | 2003-03-26 | 2006-05-09 | Proximities, Inc. | Non-reusable identification device |
US20040189470A1 (en) * | 2003-03-26 | 2004-09-30 | Girvin Joshua M. | Non-reusable identification device |
US7084764B2 (en) * | 2004-04-15 | 2006-08-01 | Secure Care Products, Inc. | System and method for monitoring location of an object |
US20060076402A1 (en) * | 2004-10-08 | 2006-04-13 | Proximities, Inc. | Method for authorizing an auxiliary account using identification wristbands |
US20060202829A1 (en) * | 2005-02-28 | 2006-09-14 | Proximities, Inc. | Tamper-resistant RFID disabling apparatus |
US7562445B2 (en) * | 2005-07-18 | 2009-07-21 | Bartronics America, Inc. | Method of manufacture of an identification wristband construction |
US20070050751A1 (en) * | 2005-08-31 | 2007-03-01 | Microsoft Corporation | Automatic interoperation with legacy POS service and control objects |
US20070103272A1 (en) * | 2005-09-12 | 2007-05-10 | Alden Ray M | Configurable RFID apparatus and process |
US20070120687A1 (en) * | 2005-11-29 | 2007-05-31 | Lerch John W | Identification band using a conductive fastening for enhanced security and functionality |
US20090315320A1 (en) * | 2006-09-26 | 2009-12-24 | Advanced Microelectronic And Automation Technology Ltd. | Inlays for security documents |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20110057043A1 (en) * | 2009-09-10 | 2011-03-10 | Rcd Technology, Inc. | Radio frequency identification (rfid) antenna with tuning stubs for mount on metal rfid tag |
US8925824B2 (en) * | 2009-09-10 | 2015-01-06 | Thomas Craig Weakley | Radio frequency identification (RFID) antenna with tuning stubs for mount on metal RFID tag |
US9525201B2 (en) | 2014-10-27 | 2016-12-20 | Nokia Technologies Oy | Hinge that serves as a radiator |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US7562445B2 (en) | 2009-07-21 |
US20070011870A1 (en) | 2007-01-18 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US7562445B2 (en) | Method of manufacture of an identification wristband construction | |
US7168626B2 (en) | Identification band using shorting wire for enabling/disabling an RFID transponder contained thereon | |
US7283054B2 (en) | Tamper-resistant RFID disabling apparatus and method of manufacturing | |
US7119690B2 (en) | Identification band using serpentine paths to detect tampering | |
US7535356B2 (en) | Identification band using a conductive fastening for enhanced security and functionality | |
EP1016052B1 (en) | Laminated radio frequency identification device | |
US7316358B2 (en) | Identification band with adhesively attached coupling elements | |
US8162231B2 (en) | Noncontact IC tag label and method of manufacturing the same | |
US7701352B2 (en) | RFID label with release liner window, and method of making | |
US7417541B2 (en) | Identification band with regions having electro-magnetically detectable regions | |
US20060202829A1 (en) | Tamper-resistant RFID disabling apparatus | |
AU2014203313A1 (en) | A modular radio frequency identification tagging method | |
US7884719B2 (en) | Radio frequency identification (RFID) tag lamination process | |
JP2001034725A (en) | Non-contact ic module, production thereof and non- contact information medium | |
JP4455859B2 (en) | Non-contact IC label | |
JP4163579B2 (en) | Non-contact IC label | |
WO2008115022A1 (en) | Antenna for radio frequency identification and method of manufacturing the same | |
JP2001229356A (en) | Non-contact ic card and antenna for it |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: PROXIMITIES, INC.,FLORIDA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:LERCH, JOHN W.;GIRVIN, JOSHUA M.;REEL/FRAME:023898/0673 Effective date: 20060816 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: PROXIMITIES, INC.,FLORIDA Free format text: RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:FLOMENHOFT, MARK J.;REEL/FRAME:023904/0674 Effective date: 20071228 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: BARTRONICS AMERICA, INC.,NEW JERSEY Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:PROXIMITIES, INC.;REEL/FRAME:023916/0349 Effective date: 20080109 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: BARTRONICS HONG KONG LIMITED, HONG KONG Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:BARTRONICS AMERICA, INC.;REEL/FRAME:026043/0622 Effective date: 20110302 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |