US20100240009A1 - Asymmetrical dental implant and method of insertion - Google Patents
Asymmetrical dental implant and method of insertion Download PDFInfo
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- US20100240009A1 US20100240009A1 US12/795,797 US79579710A US2010240009A1 US 20100240009 A1 US20100240009 A1 US 20100240009A1 US 79579710 A US79579710 A US 79579710A US 2010240009 A1 US2010240009 A1 US 2010240009A1
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- implant
- implant fixture
- angle
- longitudinal axis
- body cavity
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
- A61C8/00—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools
- A61C8/0018—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools characterised by the shape
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
- A61C8/00—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools
- A61C8/0048—Connecting the upper structure to the implant, e.g. bridging bars
- A61C8/0075—Implant heads specially designed for receiving an upper structure
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
- A61C8/00—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools
- A61C8/0048—Connecting the upper structure to the implant, e.g. bridging bars
- A61C8/0077—Connecting the upper structure to the implant, e.g. bridging bars with shape following the gingival surface or the bone surface
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
- A61C8/00—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools
- A61C8/0089—Implanting tools or instruments
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Dental Prosthetics (AREA)
Abstract
An implant fixture is disclosed. The implant fixture includes an elongated body extending along a longitudinal axis. The elongated body includes a base portion having a non-circular cross section and a receiver adapted to receive a prosthetic. A root portion extends from the base portion away from the receiver. An extension portion extends from the root portion away from the base portion. The extension portion extends primarily along one side of the longitudinal axis. A kit containing a plurality of implant fixtures having different configurations is also disclosed. Further, a method of inserting the implant fixture into a patient is also disclosed. The method uses piezoelectrically generated energy to seat the implant fixture in the patient's bone.
Description
- The present application is a Divisional Application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/711,815, filed on Feb. 27, 2007 which is a Continuation-in-Part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/282,929, filed on Nov. 18, 2005, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,618,258, issued Nov. 17, 2009.
- Dental implants are used to anchor a mechanical fixture, such as a dental prosthesis, into living bone. The implant is embedded into the bone to provide a solid foundation for connecting the dental prosthesis. The implants and their respective dental prostheses serve numerous purposes, such as to assist the user with chewing, to provide a mating surface for an opposing tooth to prevent the loss of the opposing tooth, and to present an aesthetically pleasing appearance.
- Prior to inserting the implant into the bone, the bone must be drilled to provide a recess for the insert to be implanted. Previously, implants were designed to be placed perpendicularly to the bone surface. The location of the implant in the user's mouth and the amount of mouth opening severely limit the ability to insert the head of the implant perpendicularly to the bone. Due to these limitations, most often, implants are inserted at an angle with respect to the bone surface. The angular insertion of an implant creates two problems: a) the mesial top portion of the implant is inserted too deeply into the bone, and, b) the distal top portion protrudes excessively from the bone. Furthermore, two problems arise at different stages of the treatment. The bone overgrows on the mesial aspect, thus requiring additional osseous surgery to remove excess bone. Later on, on the mesial aspect, the bone continues to resorb in order to accommodate biologic width. Biologic width is approximately 2 millimeters of connective tissue that wraps around a natural tooth or an implant and is constant. Violation of this area creates chronic inflammation and bone resorption.
- To attempt to compensate for these problems, other prior art implants have been provided that disclose a top face that extends in a single plane oblique to a longitudinal axis of the implant. Such implants provide improved mechanical properties and anchorage but do not address biological fit, the implant exit and its relationship to the gum tissue. It would be beneficial to provide a dental implant having a top face with multiple slants. Slants on the mesiodistal aspect allow an angulated insertion of the top of the implant, having the top of the implant parallel to the bone surface and thus enabling a smooth development of biological width. The facial slant yields better aesthetic results due to the curved outline at the gum level.
- A still further problem arises with implants after insertion into the mouth. Implants are threaded to secure the implant into the bone. The implants are axially symmetrical in order to enable such threading. Implants that are threaded and axially symmetrical do not anatomically fit the tooth roots, leaving a gap between the implant and bone in the coronal aspect, requiring significant time for healing. Such implants are prone to losing their primary stability, which is an important step in osseointegration. Osseointegration is the process by which the bone grows adjacent to the implant. Placement of an axially asymmetrical implant is less traumatic than the present rotational insertion method of an axially symmetric implant. It would be beneficial to provide an implant that is axially asymmetric and that fits the site of the extraction (body cavity) with little or no gap between implant and bone.
- Briefly, the present invention provides an implant fixture. The implant fixture comprises an elongated body extending along a longitudinal axis. The elongated body includes a base portion having a non-circular cross section, a receiver adapted to receive a prosthetic. A root portion extends from the base portion away from the receiver. An extension portion extends from the root portion away from the base portion. The extension portion extends primarily along one side of the longitudinal axis.
- Additionally, the present invention provides a kit comprising a plurality of implant fixtures described above. At least a first implant fixture of the kit has a different configuration from a second implant fixture of the kit.
- Further, the present invention provides a method of inserting an implant fixture into a body cavity using a piezoelectric insertion tool. The method comprises attaching the implant fixture to the piezoelectric insertion tool; inserting the implant fixture into the body cavity; and seating the implant fixture in the body cavity based on energy from the piezoelectric insertion tool.
- Also, the present invention provides a device for forming a cavity in a bone. The device comprises a first portion releasably couplable to a piezoelectric insertion tool, a second portion extending along a longitudinal axis, and a flange disposed between the first portion and the second portion. The flange extends along a plurality of planes. At least one of the plurality of planes extends obliquely relative to the longitudinal axis.
- The foregoing summary, as well as the following detailed description of desired embodiments of the invention, will be better understood when read in conjunction with the appended drawings, which are incorporated herein and constitute part of this specification. For the purposes of illustrating the invention, there are shown in the drawings embodiments that are presently desired. It should be understood, however, that the invention is not limited to the precise arrangements and instrumentalities shown. In the drawings, the same reference numerals are employed for designating the same elements throughout the several figures. In the drawings:
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FIG. 1 is a facial side elevational view of a dental implant according to a first embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 2 is a mesial side elevational view of the dental implant shown inFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 3 is a distal side elevational view of the dental implant shown inFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 4 is a lingual side elevational view of the dental implant shown inFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 5 is an occlusal view of the dental implant shown inFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 6 is a mesial side view, partially in section, of the implant shown inFIG. 1 implanted into bone, with a dental prosthesis coupled to the implant; -
FIG. 7 is a facial side elevational view of a dental implant according to a second embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 8 is a facial side elevational view of a dental implant according to a third embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 9 is a mesial side elevational view of the dental implant shown inFIG. 8 ; -
FIG. 10 is a distal side elevational view of the dental implant shown inFIG. 8 ; -
FIG. 11 is a lingual side elevational view of the dental implant shown inFIG. 8 ; -
FIG. 12 is an occlusal view of the dental implant shown inFIG. 8 ; -
FIG. 13 is a mesial side view, partially in section, of the implant shown in isFIG. 8 implanted into bone, with a dental prosthesis coupled to the implant; -
FIG. 14 is a facial side elevational view of a dental implant according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 15 is a distal view of a first insertion tip used to form a body cavity into which a dental implant shown in any one ofFIGS. 1-14 may be inserted; -
FIG. 16 is a distal view of a second insertion tip used to expand the body cavity shown inFIG. 15 ; -
FIG. 17 is a distal view of a third insertion tip used to expand the body cavity shown inFIG. 16 ; -
FIG. 18 is a distal view of a fourth insertion tip used to expand the body cavity shown inFIG. 17 ; -
FIG. 19 is a facial side elevational view of a dental implant according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 20 is a mesial side elevational view of the dental implant shown inFIG. 19 ; -
FIG. 21 is a distal side elevational view of the dental implant shown inFIG. 19 ; -
FIG. 22 is a lingual side elevational view of the dental implant shown inFIG. 19 ; -
FIG. 23 is an occlusal view of the dental implant shown inFIG. 19 ; -
FIG. 24 is a facial side elevational view of a dental implant according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 25 is a side elevational view, partially in cross section, of the implant ofFIGS. 19-23 implanted into bone; -
FIG. 26 is a side elevational view of a first embodiment of a kit of implants according to the present invention; -
FIG. 27 is a side elevational view of a second embodiment of a kit of implants according to the present invention; -
FIG. 28 is a mesial view of a fifth insertion tip being used to prepare a body cavity to receive the implant ofFIGS. 19-23 ; -
FIG. 29 is a mesial view of a sixth insertion tip being used to further prepare the body cavity ofFIG. 28 to receive the implant ofFIGS. 19-23 ; -
FIG. 30 is a mesial view of a seventh insertion tip being used to further prepare the body cavity ofFIG. 29 to receive the implant ofFIGS. 19-23 ; -
FIG. 31 is a mesial view of an eighth insertion tip being used to further prepare the body cavity ofFIG. 30 to receive the implant ofFIGS. 19-23 ; -
FIG. 32 is a side elevational view of a piezoelectric insertion tool being coupled to the implant ofFIGS. 19-23 ; and -
FIG. 33 is a flow chart illustrating the steps performed to insert the implant ofFIGS. 19-23 into a patient. - Certain terminology is used herein for convenience only and is not to be taken as a limitation on the present invention. The terminology includes the words specifically mentioned, derivatives thereof and words of similar import. The term “facial” is defined to mean a direction closer to the lips and cheek of the user. The term “lingual” is defined to mean a direction closer to the tongue of the user. The term “mesial” is defined to mean a direction closer to an imaginary centerline of the mouth of the user. The term “distal” is defined to mean a direction farther from the imaginary centerline of the mouth. The term “occlusal” is defined to mean the top surface, such as the chewing surface, of a tooth. Further, as used herein, the term “configuration” is defined to mean size and/or shape. The following describes desired embodiments of the invention. However, it should be understood based on this disclosure, that the invention is not limited by the desired embodiments of the invention.
- Referring generally to the figures, several embodiments of a dental implant according to the present invention are shown. Dental implants are used to provide an anchor in a mouth for a prosthetic tooth, also known as a crown.
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FIGS. 1-5 show five different views of animplant 100 according to a first embodiment of the present invention.FIG. 1 is a facial view;FIG. 2 is a mesial view;FIG. 3 is a distal view;FIG. 4 is a lingual view; andFIG. 5 is an occlusal view ofimplant 100.FIG. 6 shows a partial sectional view of the mesial view ofimplant 100 having been inserted into abone 50, with a prosthetic tooth orcrown 60 connected to implant 100. - Referring to any of
FIGS. 1-6 ,implant 100 includes abody 102 having afirst end 110, asecond end 120, and alongitudinal axis 130 extending betweenfirst end 110 andsecond end 120.First end 110 includes atop face 112. As seen inFIG. 5 , desirably,top face 112 is generally annularly shaped with anopening 114 extending inward alonglongitudinal axis 130.Opening 114 provides a connection into whichprosthetic tooth 60 is coupled. - Referring to
FIGS. 1 and 4 ,top face 112 includes afirst portion 132 that is slanted at a first angle β1 relative tolongitudinal axis 130. Desirably,first portion 132 extends obliquely relative tolongitudinal axis 130.First portion 132 forms a slanted mesiodistal face. Referring toFIGS. 1-3 ,top face 112 also includes asecond portion 134 that is slanted at a second angle β2 relative tolongitudinal axis 130.Second portion 134 forms a slanted facial face.Second portion 134 extends obliquely tolongitudinal axis 130 and also at an angle tofirst portion 132.Second portion 134 may be slanted obliquely relative tofirst portion 132, or alternatively,second portion 134 may extend perpendicularly tofirst portion 132. Both slanted mesiodistal face and facial face may have angles β1, β2 that vary from shallow to steep, depending on the facial contours of the patient into which implant 100 is being inserted. Desirably, each angle β1, β2 extends between about 5 degrees and 45 degrees relative tolongitudinal centerline 130, although those skilled in the art will recognize that angles β1, β2 may extend at different angles as well. Further, while first andsecond portions FIGS. 2 , 3, and 6 to extend approximately one half oftop face 112, those skilled in the art will recognize that first andsecond portions top face 112. - With first and
second portions top face 112 can be said to have a compound slant relative tolongitudinal axis 130. Forimplant 100 shown inFIGS. 1-5 , the compound slant is a mesiodistal slant and a facial slant. Only a mesiodistal slant and a facial slant will satisfy the clinical requirements of both aesthetics and functionality forimplant 100. These slants allowimplant 100 to obtain perfect or near perfect alignment with the coronal part of the edentulous ridge ofbone 50 after insertion. -
Top face 112 also includes athird portion 133 that is slanted at a third angle β3 relative tolongitudinal axis 130.Third portion 133 forms a lingual face. While third angle β3 is shown inFIG. 2 as extending approximately 90 degrees between lingual face andlongitudinal axis 130, those skilled in the art will recognize that angle β3 may be more or less than 90 degrees. -
Top face 112 is formed by a first plane P1 that extends alongfirst portion 132 and out of the plane ofFIG. 1 obliquely tolongitudinal axis 130 along both a mesiodistal plane and also in a facial plane, and also a second plane P2 that extends alongsecond portion 134 and out of the plane ofFIG. 2 obliquely tolongitudinal axis 130 along both the mesiodistal plane and also in a lingual plane. As can be seen fromFIGS. 1 and 2 , both planes P1, P2 extend obliquely relative tolongitudinal axis 130. An intersection of planes P1 and P2 form a line that extends oblique tolongitudinal axis 130. - Referring to
FIG. 6 ,body 102 desirably includes a highlypolished collar 140 that extends approximately 0.5 mm fromfirst end 110 towardsecond end 120.Polished collar 140 allows the development of natural gingival sulcus aroundimplant 100. Arougher surface 142 desirably extends approximately 1.5 mm belowcollar 140 towardsecond end 120.Rougher surface 142 accommodates biologic width ofconnective tissue 52 that typically surrounds a living tooth and provides a surface forconnective tissue 52 to grow into afterimplant 100 is inserted intobone 50. - Referring to
FIGS. 1-6 ,second end 120 is generally tapered from smaller to larger in a direction towardfirst end 110.Second end 120 is also closed with arounded tip 122.Second end 120 also includesexternal threads 124 to form a threaded connection that may be used to secureimplant 100 intobone 50, as shown inFIG. 6 . - Referring now to
FIG. 6 only,implant 100 is shown inserted intobone 50. Sinceimplant 100 includesexternal threads 124,implant 100 may be screwed intobone 50 to provide a secure connection ofimplant 100 withbone 50. - After
implant 100 is inserted intobone 50,crown 60 is secured to implant 100.Crown 60 includes apassage 62 extending longitudinally therethrough. A bottom part ofpassage 62 narrows, forming alip 64. A coupling, such as ascrew 66, is inserted throughpassage 62 and extends beyondcrown 60 and intoopening 114 for a threaded connection with mating threads (not shown) inopening 114.Screw 66 engageslip 64 to retain the head ofscrew 66 withinpassage 62. Abottom surface 68 ofcrown 60 is contoured to mate withtop face 112 ofimplant 100 to provide a close fit betweencrown 60 andimplant 100. Aftercrown 60 is screwed ontoimplant 100, afiller 70 is inserted intopassage 62 to coverscrew 66. - While
external threads 124 provide a desired connection betweenimplant 100 andbone 50, those skilled in the art will recognize thatexternal threads 124 may be omitted, as seen inimplant 200 shown inFIG. 7 .Implant 200 includes arough surface body 202.Body 202 may be press-fit into bone and may optionally be secured to bone with an adhesive (not shown). Atop face 212 desirably has the same compound slant astop face 112 described above. - Referring now to
FIGS. 8-12 , facial, mesial, distal, lingual, and occlusal views, respectively, of an alternate embodiment of animplant 300 are shown.Implant 300 includes abody 302 having afirst end 310, asecond end 320, and alongitudinal axis 330 extending betweenfirst end 310 andsecond end 320.First end 310 includes atop face 312. As seen inFIG. 12 , desirably,top face 312 is generally annularly shaped with anopening 314 extending inward alonglongitudinal axis 330. - An
external connection 316 extends upward fromtop face 312, away frombody 302.External connection 316 provides an alternate manner by which acrown 80, shown inFIG. 13 , may be affixed toimplant 300.Crown 80 includes arecess 82 that extends from the bottom ofcrown 80 upward.Recess 82 is sized to acceptexternal connection 316 such that abottom surface 84 ofcrown 80 rests ontop face 312 ofimplant 300.Bottom surface 84 ofcrown 80 is contoured to mate withtop face 312 to provide a close fit betweencrown 80 andimplant 300. - After
implant 300 is inserted intobone 50,crown 80 is secured to implant 300.Crown 80 includes apassage 82 extending longitudinally therethrough. A bottom part ofpassage 82 narrows, forming alip 89. A coupling, such as ascrew 86, is inserted throughpassage 82 and extends beyondcrown 80 and intoopening 314 for a threaded connection with mating threads (not shown) inopening 314.Screw 86 engageslip 89 to retain the head ofscrew 86 withinpassage 82.Bottom surface 84 ofcrown 80 is contoured to mate withtop face 312 ofimplant 300 to provide a close fit betweencrown 80 andimplant 300. Aftercrown 80 is screwed ontoimplant 300, afiller 90 is inserted intopassage 82 to coverscrew 86. - Although
implant 300 is shown inFIGS. 8-11 and 13 withthreads 324, those skilled in the art will recognize thatthreads 324 may be omitted, such as inimplant 400, shown inFIG. 14 , which is similar to implant 200 shown inFIG. 7 , having arough surface body 402, but with anexternal connection 416 extending upward from atop face 412. - Desirably,
implants implants implants top faces respective implant -
Exemplary tools 1000 that may be used to form abody cavity 80 inbone 50 into whichimplants FIGS. 15-18 .Tools 1000 may be supplied together in the form of a kit or, alternatively,tools 1000 may be provided separately. -
Tools 1000 include a first tip 1010, asecond tip 1030, athird tip 1050, and afourth tip 1070. Although fourtips tools 1000 may include more or less than four tips. - First tip 1010 includes a
shaft 1012 that is releasably coupled tofree end 1102 ofpiezoelectric tool 1100.Shaft 1012 bends approximately ninety degrees with a first end 1012 a coupled topiezoelectric tool 1100 and asecond end 1012 b extending along alongitudinal axis 1013.Second end 1012 b ofshaft 1012 is connected to a generallycircular flange 1014.Flange 1014 is formed along at least two planes, P3, P4 to mimic the compound angle offirst end 110 ofimplant 100. At least one of planes P3, P4 extends obliquely relative tolongitudinal axis 1013.FIG. 15 shows planes P3 and P4 intersecting atbend 1015. - As shown in each of
FIGS. 15-18 , the portion ofbone 50 to the left side oftool 1000 is slightly higher than the portion ofbone 50 to the right side oftool 1000.Bend 1015 inflange 1014 allows an operator to maintain an approximately even spacing betweenbone 50 andflange 1014 as first tip 1010 is inserted intobone 50 asbody cavity 80 is formed. - Referring back to
FIG. 15 , acutting face 1016 extends fromflange 1014, alonglongitudinal axis 1013 and away fromshaft 1012. Cuttingface 1016 includes a generally concave exterior, with a rough cutting surface that extends around the entire perimeter of cuttingface 1016. Anub 1018 extends from cuttingface 1016, distally fromflange 1014.Nub 1018 also includes a generally concave exterior with a rough cutting surface. - First tip 1010 is used to begin forming
body cavity 80. When coupled topiezoelectric tool 1100 and applied tobone 50 in the direction shown by arrow A inFIG. 15 , first tip 1010 vibrates at an ultrasonic frequency to drill intobone 50 andform body cavity 80. When flange 1014 approachesbone 50, first tip 1010 is removed frombone 50 and uncoupled frompiezoelectric tool 1100. - Referring now to
FIG. 16 ,second tip 1030 is next coupled topiezoelectric tool 1100.Second tip 1030 is similar tofirst tip 1030 but instead of cuttingface 1016 extending fromflange 1014,second tip 1030 includes a generally concave exteriornon-cutting face 1036 extending from abent flange 1034. A generallycylindrical shaft 1037 extends fromnon-cutting face 1036. A generallycylindrical cutting nub 1038 having a rough cutting surface extends fromshaft 1037. Cuttingnub 1038 has a slightly larger diameter thannub 1018 so thatbody cavity 80 is enlarged diametrically upon application ofsecond tip 1030 tobody cavity 80. - As shown in
FIG. 17 ,third tip 1050 has a similar configuration assecond tip 1030, but with ashaft 1057 that has a slightly larger diameter thanshaft 1037 and acutting nub 1058 having a rough cutting surface that has a slightly larger diameter than cuttingnub 1038.Fourth tip 1070, shown inFIG. 18 , has a similar configuration asthird tip 1050, but with ashaft 1077 that has a slightly larger diameter thanshaft 1057 and acutting nub 1078 having a rough cutting surface that has a slightly larger diameter than cuttingnub 1058. The diameter of cuttingnub 1078 is at least the same size as that ofnon-cutting face 1076 such thatbody cavity 80 has a generally cylindrical shape as shown inFIG. 18 . Afterbody cavity 80 is formed,implant 100 is threaded intobone 50 surroundingbody cavity 80 to the position shown inFIG. 6 . - An alternate embodiment of a
dental implant 500 according to the present invention is shown inFIGS. 19-23 .FIG. 19 is a facial view;FIG. 20 is a mesial view;FIG. 21 is a distal view;FIG. 22 is a lingual view; andFIG. 23 is an occlusal view ofimplant 500. Desirably,implant 500 is constructed from titanium, zirconium, ceramic, or some other suitable biocompatible material. - Referring to any of
FIGS. 19-22 ,implant 500 includes abody 502 having afirst end 510, asecond end 520, and alongitudinal axis 530 extending betweenfirst end 510 andsecond end 520.First end 510 includes atop face 512. As seen inFIG. 23 , desirably,top face 512 is generally non-circular with anopening 514 extending inward alonglongitudinal axis 530.Opening 514 provides a connection into which crown 60 (shown inFIG. 25 ) is inserted. While opening 514 provides an internal connection with which to couplecrown 60 to implant 500, those skilled in the art will recognize that anexternal connection 614 may extend upward from an alternate embodiment of animplant 600, shown inFIG. 24 . - Referring back to
FIG. 25 ,implant 500 is inserted into abody cavity 80 in a mouth, such as where a tooth (not shown) was previously removed.Body cavity 80 is defined bywalls 82. An area oftender tissue 84 may be allowed to remain withinbone 50 becauseimplant 500 will be inserted into at least part ofbody cavity 80 that was formerly occupied by the tooth and its roots. - Referring back to
FIGS. 19 and 22 ,top face 512 ofimplant 500 includes afirst portion 532 that is slanted at a first angle β1 relative tolongitudinal axis 530. Desirably,first portion 532 extends obliquely relative tolongitudinal axis 530.First portion 532 forms a slanted mesiodistal face. Referring toFIGS. 20 and 21 ,top face 512 also includes asecond portion 534 that is slanted at a second angle β2 relative tolongitudinal axis 530.Second portion 534 forms a slanted facial face.Second portion 534 extends obliquely tolongitudinal axis 530 and also at an angle relative tofirst portion 532.Second portion 534 may be slanted obliquely relative tofirst portion 532, or alternatively,second portion 534 may be perpendicular tofirst portion 532. Both slanted mesiodistal face and facial face may have angles β1, β2 that vary from shallow to steep, depending on the facial contours of the patient into which implant 500 is being inserted. Desirably, each angle β1, β2 extends between about 5 degrees and 45 degrees relative tolongitudinal centerline 530, although those skilled in the art will recognize that angles β1, β2 may extend at different angles as well. Further, while is first andsecond portions FIGS. 20 and 21 to extend approximately one half oftop face 512, those skilled in the art will recognize that first andsecond portions top face 512. - With first and
second portions top face 512 can be said to have a compound slant relative tolongitudinal axis 530. Forimplant 500 shown inFIGS. 19-23 , the compound slant is a mesiodistal slant and a facial slant. Only a mesiodistal slant and a facial slant will satisfy the clinical requirements of both aesthetics and functionality forimplant 500. These slants allowimplant 500 to obtain perfect or near perfect alignment with the coronal part of the edentulous ridge ofbone 50 after insertion. -
Top face 512 is formed along a first plane P5 that extends alongfirst portion 532 and out of the plane ofFIG. 20 , and also a second plane P6 that extends alongsecond portion 534 and out of the plane ofFIG. 20 . Both planes P5, P6 extend obliquely relative tolongitudinal axis 530. - Referring to
FIGS. 19-22 ,body 502 desirably includes acollar 540 that extends approximately 0.5 mm fromfirst end 510 towardsecond end 520. Arougher surface 542 desirably extends belowcollar 540 towardsecond end 520. Referring toFIG. 21 ,rougher surface 542 provides a surface forbone 50 to grow into afterimplant 500 is inserted intobone 50. - Referring to
FIGS. 19 , 21, and 22,second end 520 forms atapered root 550 that extends away fromfirst end 510. As shown inFIGS. 19 and 22 ,second end 520, as well asroot 550, extends asymmetrically aboutlongitudinal axis 530.Root 550 includes aroot portion 552 that extends fromfirst end 510 and anextension portion 554 that extends fromroot portion 552, away fromfirst end 510, and primarily along one side oflongitudinal axis 530. WhileFIGS. 19 and 22 show a bottom end ofextension portion 554 being totally along one side oflongitudinal axis 530, those skilled in the art will recognize that a portion of bottom end ofextension portion 554 may extend along the other side oflongitudinal axis 530. -
Root 550 has a generally convex face at an interface betweenroot portion 552 and extension portion 544.Root 550 tapers from larger to smaller in a direction away fromfirst end 510. The asymmetrical aspect ofroot 550 with respect tolongitudinal axis 530 prevents rotation ofimplant 500 withinbody cavity 80 after insertion ofimplant 500 intobody cavity 80. The convex face ofroot 550 generally mimics a tooth root and provides for a relatively comparable fit ofroot 550 withinbody cavity 80. - Referring back to
FIG. 25 ,implant 500 is shown inserted intobone 50. Insertion ofimplant 500 intobone 50 will be described in detail later herein. Afterimplant 500 is inserted intobone 50,crown 60 is secured to implant 500.Crown 60 may be secured to implant 500 in the same manner as described above with respect toimplant FIGS. 6 and 13 . -
Implant 500 may be incorporated as part of akit 700. As shown inFIG. 26 ,kit 700 may include a plurality ofimplants 500 that are intended for insertion into a predetermined implant location in a mouth, such as a lower bicuspid.Implants 500 inkit 700 are of different configurations, in that atleast implants 500 inkit 700 differ in size from other implants inkit 700. Withkit 700, an oral surgeon is able to select the bestfit implant 500 fromkit 700 based on the position in the mouth whereimplant 500 is to be inserted with a minimum amount of modification of the configuration of the selectedimplant 500. - Alternatively,
implant 500 may be incorporated as part of akit 800. As show inFIG. 27 ,kit 800 may include a plurality ofimplants 500 that each correlate to a separate implant location within the mouth, such as a lower jaw, or one side of the lower jaw.Implants 500 are sized for a particular sized patient, and may be custom-fit, such as by filing or other suitable method. Withkit 800, the oral surgeon is able to select the proper tooth location fromimplants 500 inkit 800, and to then modify the configuration of the selectedimplant 500 to conform to the configuration of the cavity into which implant 500 is being inserted. - One embodiment of a method of inserting
implant 500 into a patient will now be described and is shown inFIGS. 28-32 and the flow chart ofFIG. 33 .FIG. 28 showsbody cavity 80 with a damaged tooth having already been extracted therefrom. Instep 2500,body cavity 80 is prepared by coupling afifth insertion tip 902 topiezoelectric insertion tool 1100 and insertingfifth insertion tip 902 intobody cavity 80. As shown inFIG. 28 ,fifth insertion tip 902 reflects the size and shape ofbody cavity 80 in the coronal one third.Fifth insertion tip 902 includes ashaft 904 that is releasably coupled tofree end 1102 ofpiezoelectric tool 1100.Shaft 904 bends approximately ninety degrees with afirst end 904 a coupled topiezoelectric tool 1100 and asecond end 904 b extending along alongitudinal axis 906.Second end 904 b ofshaft 904 is connected to a generallycircular flange 908.Flange 908 is formed along at least two planes, P7, P8 to mimic the compound angle offirst end 510 of implant 500 (shown inFIG. 20 ). At least one of the planes P7, P8 extends obliquely relative tolongitudinal axis 906.FIG. 28 shows planes P7 and P8 intersecting atbend 910. - As shown in each of
FIGS. 28-31 , the portion ofbone 50 to the right side oftool 1100 is slightly higher than the portion ofbone 50 to the right side oftool 1100.Bend 910 inflange 908 allows an operator to maintain an approximately even spacing betweenbone 50 andflange 908 asfifth insertion tip 902 is inserted intobone 50 asbody cavity 80 is formed. - A cutting
face 912 extends fromflange 908, asymmetrically alonglongitudinal axis 906 and away fromshaft 904. Cuttingface 912 includes arough cutting surface 914 that extends around only an aspect of cuttingface 912. Afacial aspect 916 offifth insertion tip 902 has no active cutting surface in order to preserve thethin bone 54 on the facial side ofbone 50. Operation ofinsertion tool 1100 vibratesfifth insertion tip 902 back and forth as shown by arrow B. - After
fifth insertion tip 902 has enlargedbody cavity 80 to a desired size,fifth insertion tip 902 is then removed frombody cavity 80 andpiezoelectric tool 1100, and is replaced by asixth insertion tip 920. As shown inFIG. 29 ,sixth insertion tip 920 is inserted in tobody cavity 80 and reshapes the middle third ofbody cavity 80. Similarly tofifth insertion tip 902,sixth insertion tip 920 includes arough cutting surface 924 that extends around only an aspect of a cuttingface 922, but does not include an active cutting surface around afacial aspect 926 ofsixth insertion tip 920. - Next, as shown in
FIG. 30 ,sixth insertion tip 920 is replaced by aseventh insertion tip 930 that reshapes the apical third ofbody cavity 80 and forms aroot extension 81.Root extension 81 increases the stability ofimplant 500 inbody cavity 80. As shown inFIG. 31 , aneighth insertion tip 940 is then used to refine opening definingbody cavity 80. - As shown in
FIG. 32 ,eighth insertion tip 940 is then removed frompiezoelectric tool 1100 and aninsertion tip 1110 is coupled topiezoelectric tool 1100. Instep 2502,implant 500 is selected based on the tooth for which implant 500 and its associatedcrown 60 is being replaced.Implant 500 may be selected fromkit implant 500 may be selected from a plurality ofimplants 500, although not necessarily from a kit. Still alternatively,implant 500 may be from a stand-alone supply and need not necessarily be part of a kit. - In
step 2504,implant 500 is coupled toinsertion tip 1110.Insertion tip 1110 may include anub 1112 that is inserted intoopening 514 inimplant 500 in a male/female relationship as shown by the arrow “C” inFIG. 32 .Nub 1112 may provide at least a slight interference fit within opening 514 so thatimplant 500 remains coupled toinsertion tip 1110 asimplant 500 is inserted intobody cavity 80 instep 2506, but yet still allowinsertion tip 1110 to easily release fromimplant 500 afterimplant 500 is inserted intobody cavity 80. - In
step 2508, withimplant 500 inserted intobody cavity 80, as shown inFIG. 25 ,piezoelectric insertion tool 1100 embeds implant 500 intobody cavity 80 based on vibrational energy generated by operation ofpiezoelectric insertion tool 1100.Implant 500 may be at least slightly larger thanbody cavity 80 so thatimplant 500 is force-fit intobody cavity 80.Implant 500 engageswalls 82 definingbody cavity 80 in an interference fit. - Insertion of
implant 500 intobody cavity 80 is performed using ultrasonically generated vibrations without the need to rotateimplant 500 about itslongitudinal axis 530 withinbody cavity 80. Additionally, insertion ofimplant 500 withinbody cavity 80 may be performed without the use of an adhesive, although an adhesive, such as a biologically active cement that stimulates bone growth, may be used to furthersecure implant 500 intobody cavity 80. - After
implant 500 is securely inserted intobody cavity 80,piezoelectric insertion tool 1100 is uncoupled fromimplant 500. Next, and illustrated inFIG. 25 ,crown 60 may be coupled to implant 500 as is described above with respect toimplant 100. Alternatively, the crown may be cemented toimplant 500. - While the above invention is described with respect to dental implants, those skilled in the art will recognize that the present invention may be adapted to other implants besides dental implants.
- Although the invention is illustrated and described herein with reference to specific embodiments, the invention is not intended to be limited to the details shown. Rather, various modifications may be made in the details within the scope and range of equivalents of the claims and without departing from the invention.
Claims (28)
1. An implant fixture comprising an elongated body extending along a longitudinal axis, wherein the elongated body includes:
a base portion having a non-circular cross section and a receiver adapted to receive a prosthetic;
a root portion extending from the base portion away from the receiver; and
an extension portion extending from the root portion away from the base portion, the extension portion extending primarily along one side of the longitudinal axis.
2. The implant fixture according to claim 1 , wherein the receiver comprises an external connection.
3. The implant fixture according to claim 1 , wherein the receiver comprises an internal connection.
4. The implant fixture according to claim 1 , wherein an interface between the root portion and the extension portion comprises a generally convex face.
5. The implant fixture according to claim 1 , wherein the extension portion is tapered along at least one face.
6. The implant fixture according to claim 1 , wherein the base portion further comprises:
a first portion forming a mesiodistal face having a first angle extending obliquely with respect to the longitudinal axis and extending the length of a mesial side and a distal side; and
a second portion forming a facial face having a second angle extending obliquely with respect to the longitudinal axis from a facial side partially toward a lingual side and at an angle relative to the first portion.
7. The implant fixture according to claim 6 , wherein the second angle extends obliquely relative to the first angle.
8. The implant fixture according to claim 6 , wherein the first angle comprises a mesiodistal angle and the second angle comprises a facial angle.
9. The implant fixture according to claim 1 , wherein the base portion comprises a top face extending along a plurality of planes, and each of the plurality of planes extends obliquely relative to the longitudinal axis.
10. The implant fixture according to claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the elongated body comprises a rough exterior surface.
11. The implant fixture according to claim 1 , wherein the implant fixture comprises a dental implant fixture.
12. A kit comprising a plurality of implant fixtures, wherein each implant fixture comprises:
an elongated body extending along a longitudinal axis, wherein the elongated body includes:
a base portion having a non-circular cross section and a receiver adapted to receive a prosthetic;
a root portion extending from the base portion away from the receiver; and
an extension portion extending from the root portion away from the base portion, the extension portion extending primarily along one side of the longitudinal axis,
wherein at least a first implant fixture of the kit has a different configuration from a second implant fixture of the kit.
13. The kit according to claim 12 , wherein all of the plurality of implant fixtures correlate to at least one predetermined implant location.
14. The kit according to claim 12 , wherein at least two of the plurality of implant fixtures each correlate to a separate implant location.
15. The kit according to claim 12 , wherein each root portion further comprises a generally convex face.
16. The kit according to claim 12 , wherein each root portion includes a taper along at least one face.
17. The kit according to claim 12 , wherein each base portion further comprises:
a first portion forming a mesiodistal face having a first angle extending obliquely with respect to the longitudinal axis and extending the length of a mesial side and a distal side; and
a second portion forming a facial face having a second angle extending obliquely with respect to the longitudinal axis from a facial side partially toward a lingual side and at an angle relative to the first portion.
18. The kit according to claim 17 , wherein the second angle extends obliquely relative to the first angle.
19. The kit according to claim 17 , wherein the first angle comprises a mesiodistal angle and the second angle comprises a facial angle.
20. The kit according to claim 12 , wherein each base portion comprises a top face extending along a plurality of planes, and each of the plurality of planes extends obliquely relative to the longitudinal axis.
21. The kit according to claim 12 , wherein at least a portion of the elongated body comprises a rough exterior surface.
22. A method of inserting an implant fixture into a body cavity using a piezoelectric insertion tool comprising:
attaching the implant fixture to the piezoelectric insertion tool;
inserting the implant fixture into the body cavity; and
seating the implant fixture into the body cavity based on energy from the piezoelectric insertion tool.
23. The method according to claim 22 , further comprising, prior to attaching the implant fixture to the piezoelectric device, modifying the configuration of the body cavity.
24. The method according to claim 23 , wherein modifying the configuration of the body cavity comprises using at least one piezoelectric tip.
25. The method according to claim 22 , further comprising selecting the implant fixture from a plurality of implant fixtures.
26. The method according to claim 22 , wherein seating the implant fixture into the body cavity is performed in the absence of an adhesive.
27. The method according to claim 22 , wherein seating the implant fixture into the body cavity is performed without rotating the implant fixture in the body cavity.
28. The method according to claim 22 , wherein seating the implant fixture into the body cavity comprises applying ultrasonic energy to engage the implant fixture with walls defining the body cavity.
Priority Applications (1)
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US12/795,797 US20100240009A1 (en) | 2005-11-18 | 2010-06-08 | Asymmetrical dental implant and method of insertion |
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US11/282,929 US7618258B2 (en) | 2005-11-18 | 2005-11-18 | Slanted dental implant |
US11/711,815 US7758344B2 (en) | 2005-11-18 | 2007-02-26 | Asymmetrical dental implant and method of insertion |
US12/795,797 US20100240009A1 (en) | 2005-11-18 | 2010-06-08 | Asymmetrical dental implant and method of insertion |
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US11/711,815 Division US7758344B2 (en) | 2005-11-18 | 2007-02-26 | Asymmetrical dental implant and method of insertion |
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US12/795,797 Abandoned US20100240009A1 (en) | 2005-11-18 | 2010-06-08 | Asymmetrical dental implant and method of insertion |
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US11/711,815 Active 2027-02-07 US7758344B2 (en) | 2005-11-18 | 2007-02-26 | Asymmetrical dental implant and method of insertion |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2144573A2 (en) | 2010-01-20 |
US7758344B2 (en) | 2010-07-20 |
US20070148622A1 (en) | 2007-06-28 |
WO2008106025A2 (en) | 2008-09-04 |
WO2008106025A3 (en) | 2008-10-30 |
EP2144573B1 (en) | 2016-11-30 |
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