US20110007686A1 - Multi-beam satellite network to maximize bandwidth utilization - Google Patents
Multi-beam satellite network to maximize bandwidth utilization Download PDFInfo
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- US20110007686A1 US20110007686A1 US12/861,702 US86170210A US2011007686A1 US 20110007686 A1 US20110007686 A1 US 20110007686A1 US 86170210 A US86170210 A US 86170210A US 2011007686 A1 US2011007686 A1 US 2011007686A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/18578—Satellite systems for providing broadband data service to individual earth stations
- H04B7/18582—Arrangements for data linking, i.e. for data framing, for error recovery, for multiple access
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Abstract
Description
- This application is a continuation of and claims priority under section 35 U.S.C. 120 to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/891,086, entitled MULTI-BEAM SATELLITE NETWORK TO MAXIMIZE BANDWIDTH UTILIZATION filed on Aug. 8, 2007 (Attorney Docket No. LORLP151) and claims the priority benefit of U.S. provisional patent application 60/923,263 filed on Apr. 13, 2007, and entitled “Multi-Beam Satellite Network to Maximize Bandwidth Utilization”, the entire disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety into the present patent application for all purposes.
- This invention pertains to the field of satellite communications networks, and more particularly to the provision of broadband communications services via a multi-beam satellite system that efficiently utilizes allocated bandwidth.
- The assignee of the present invention manufactures and deploys communications spacecraft. Such spacecraft operate within a regulatory regime that licenses at least one operating frequency bandwidth for a particular spacecraft communications service and specifies, inter alia, the maximum signal power spectral density (PSD) of communications signals radiated to the ground. A growing market exists for provision of high data rate communication services to individual consumers and small businesses which may be underserved by or unable to afford conventional terrestrial services. To advantageously provide high data rate communication services to such users, the spacecraft must (1) provide a high PSD so as to enable the use of low cost user terminals, and (2) efficiently use the licensed bandwidth so as to maximize the communications throughput for a particular licensed bandwidth.
- A typical
satellite communications network 100 is illustrated in simplified form inFIG. 1 . The system includes asatellite 11, typically though not necessarily located at a geostationary orbital location defined by a longitude.Satellite 11 is communicatively coupled to at least onegateway 12 and to a plurality ofuser terminals 16. Theuser terminals 16 comprise satellite terminals that may be handheld mobile telephones or car phones, or may be embedded, for example, in laptop or desktop personal computers, set top boxes or phone booths. - Each
gateway 12 and thesatellite 11 communicate over afeeder link 13, which has both aforward uplink 14 and areturn downlink 15. Eachuser terminal 16 and thesatellite 11 communicate over a user link 17 that has both aforward downlink 18 and areturn uplink 19. A spacecraft antenna subsystem may provide an antenna beam pattern wherein an entire service region is covered using the available bandwidth a single time. Advantageously, however, multiple satellite antenna beams (or cells) are provided, each of which can serve a substantially distinct cell within an overall service region. - Dividing the overall service region into a plurality of smaller cells permits frequency reuse, thereby substantially increasing the bandwidth utilization efficiency. Although frequency reuse in this manner is known (see, for example, Ames, et al., U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/940,356), systems like the one described in Ames require that a total bandwidth allocated to the downlink be divided into separate non-overlapping blocks for the
forward downlink 18 and thereturn downlink 15. Similarly, prior art solutions divide the total bandwidth allocated to the uplink into separate non-overlapping blocks for theforward uplink 14 and thereturn uplink 19. - A communications network (100) for maximizing bandwidth utilization. An embodiment of the invention comprises a spacecraft (11), at least one gateway (12) communicatively coupled to the spacecraft (11) by a feeder link (13) operating within at least one selected frequency band within a bandwidth, at least one user terminal (16) communicatively coupled to the spacecraft (11) by a user link (17), the user link (17) operable at any frequency band within the bandwidth without regard to polarization; and, the communications network (100) adapted to provide for simultaneous operation of at least a portion of the feeder link (13) and a portion of the user link (17) at a common polarization and frequency band within the bandwidth.
- Features of the invention are more fully disclosed in the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which:
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FIG. 1 is a system level diagram of an exemplary communications network of the prior art. -
FIG. 1A is a system level diagram of an embodiment of a communications network of the present invention. -
FIG. 2 is an exemplary map of gateway locations and user beams as provided by one embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 3 is an exemplary map of gateway locations and user beams as provided by a further embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 3A is an exemplary map of gateway locations and user beams in an embodiment of the invention, illustrating a frequency re-use scheme. -
FIG. 4 is an exemplary map of gateway locations and user beams as provided by a further embodiment of the present invention. - Throughout the drawings, the same reference numerals and characters, unless otherwise stated, are used to denote like features, elements, components, or portions of the illustrated embodiments. Moreover, while the subject invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings, it is done so in connection with the illustrative embodiments. It is intended that changes and modifications can be made to the described embodiments without departing from the true scope and spirit of the subject invention as defined by the appended claims.
- Specific exemplary embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being “connected” or “coupled” to another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to the other element, or intervening elements may be present. Furthermore, “connected” or “coupled” as used herein may include wirelessly connected or coupled.
- The overall design and operation of spacecraft communications networks are well known to those having skill in the art, and need not be described further herein. As disclosed herein, a
user terminal 16 is adapted for communication with asatellite 11, and may be one of a plurality of different types of fixed and mobile user terminals including, but not limited to, a cellular telephone, wireless handset, a wireless modem, a data transceiver, a paging or position determination receiver, or mobile radio-telephones. Furthermore, a user terminal may be hand-held, portable as in vehicle-mounted (including for example cars, trucks, boats, trains, and planes), or fixed, as desired. A user terminal may be referred to as a wireless communication device, a mobile station, a mobile unit, a subscriber unit, a mobile radio or radiotelephone, a wireless unit, or simply as a “user,” a “subscriber,” or a “mobile” in some communication systems. Furthermore, as used herein, the term “spacecraft” includes one or more satellites at any orbit (geostationary, substantially geostationary, inclined geosynchronous, Molniya, medium earth orbit, low earth orbit, and other non-geostationary orbits) and/or one or more other spacecraft that has/have a trajectory above the earth or other celestial body at any altitude. - It will be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” are used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used only to distinguish one element from another element. Thus, for example, a first user terminal could be termed a second user terminal, and similarly, a second user terminal may be termed a first user terminal without departing from the teachings of the present invention. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. The symbol “/” is also used as a shorthand notation for “and/or”.
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FIG. 1 shows an exemplaryspacecraft communications network 100, comprising aspacecraft 11 communicatively coupled to at least onegateway 12 and a plurality ofuser terminals 16.Feeder link 13 consists offorward uplink 14 and return downlink 15. User link 17 consists of forwarddownlink 18 and return uplink 19. There may beseveral gateways 12 communicatively coupled tospacecraft 11, and a large number ofuser terminals 16. Eachgateway 12 is advantageously located proximate to an Internet backbone (not shown) and has a high data rate connection therewith. - A conventional
multi-beam spacecraft 11 has an antenna subsystem for providing a grid of antenna spot beams. The shape of the grid in turn defines a service region. The grid of individual spot beams (user beams) divides an overall service region, which may, for example, coincide with the territory of the United States, into a number of smaller cells. For example, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/467,490, assigned to the assignee of the present invention, describes a pattern of 135 spot beams covering the continental United States (CONUS), Hawaii, Alaska, and Puerto Rico. - Conventional systems locate gateway(s) 12 within the service region. To avoid interference between user link signals 17 and feeder link 13 signals, known systems such as the system described by Ames, et al., U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/940,356, require that the total bandwidth allocated to the downlink be divided into separate non-overlapping blocks for the
forward downlink 18 and thereturn downlink 15. Similarly, the total bandwidth allocated to the uplink is divided into separate non-overlapping blocks for theforward uplink 14 and thereturn uplink 19. This approach substantially reduces the amount of bandwidth available to the user link 17, since any bandwidth allocated to thefeeder link 13 is bandwidth that cannot be allocated to the user link 17. As a result, the bandwidth utilization efficiency for such systems is less than optimal. - In an embodiment of the present invention, a
spacecraft communications network 100, having been licensed to operate within a certain amount of total frequency bandwidth, is enabled to allocate the entire licensed bandwidth to the user link 17. Some or all of the total licensed bandwidth is reused by the gateway(s) 12, thereby providing for simultaneous operation of at least a portion of thefeeder link 13 and a portion of the user link 17 at common frequencies. More specifically, the present invention enablesforward uplink 14 and returnuplink 19 to reuse the same frequency. Similarly, the present invention enables forward downlink 18 and returndownlink 15 to reuse the same frequency. Simultaneous operation of thefeeder link 13 and the user link 17 at common frequencies means that the gateway(s) 12 may reuse any part of the total bandwidth allocated to the user antenna beams. This may be accomplished in various ways, as discussed hereinafter. - One embodiment of the present invention results in the antenna coverage pattern shown in
FIG. 2 , and provides for spatial separation between the gateway(s) 12 and aservice region 21 to enable non-interfering use of the same frequency by the gateway(s) 12 anduser terminals 16. As shown inFIG. 2 , theservice region 21 is defined as the footprint made by a plurality of user beams 22, and encompasses roughly the eastern half of the continental United States. In this example, auser terminal 16, located within the footprint of any of fifty threeuser beams 22, may be communicatively coupled over user link 17 tospacecraft 11, andspacecraft 11 may be communicatively coupled overfeeder link 13 to at least one of fifteengateways 12. Eachgateway 12 is located in agateway beam 23 and is coupled to the public switched telephone network. Preferably eachgateway 12 is proximate to, and communicatively coupled with, a high speed Internet backbone access point. Eachgateway beam 23 is substantially spatially isolated from theservice region 21. Because of this spatial isolation, the user link 17 advantageously is operable at the same frequency(ies) as thefeeder link 13. Moreover, in accordance with the present invention, the frequency band common to both thefeeder link 13 and the user link 17 may encompass substantially all of the bandwidth licensed to thenetwork 100. - In a presently preferred embodiment, the antenna coverage pattern of
FIG. 2 is provided by means of ageostationary satellite 11 with a payload DC power capability of approximately 14 kW, providing fixed satellite service at Ka-band. Asatellite 11 having this approximate payload power capacity can deliver the maximum permitted power spectral density (PSD) toservice region 21 or to other, similarly sized service regions. Thus, the dual objectives of simultaneously maximizing PSD and bandwidth utilization efficiency may be achieved. - The antenna pattern coverage of
FIG. 2 may be varied substantially while remaining within the scope of the invention. For example, user beams 22 may define a service region encompassing a western portion of the United States, in which case the gateway(s) 16 is (are) located in an eastern portion of the United States, spatially isolated from the service region. Moreover, the invention may be advantageously employed in connection with other geographic service regions besides the United States. - Another embodiment of the invention results in the antenna pattern coverage illustrated in
FIG. 3 , which shows that the user beams 22 may be distributed across non-contiguous service regions. For example, as illustrated inFIG. 3 , afirst service region 31, defined by fifty three user beams, is disposed to coincide with roughly the eastern half of the United States, and a second and athird service region user beams 22 and oneuser beam 22, are disposed along the western seaboard of the United States. In this example, auser terminal 16, located within the footprint of any of fifty sevenuser beams 22, may be communicatively coupled over user link 17 tospacecraft 11, andspacecraft 11 may be communicatively coupled overfeeder link 13 to at least one of tengateways 12. Eachgateway 12 is located within the footprint of agateway beam 23. Eachgateway beam 23 is substantially spatially isolated from eachservice region feeder link 13. Moreover, in accordance with the present invention, the frequency band common to both thefeeder link 13 and the user link 17 may encompass substantially all of the bandwidth licensed to thenetwork 100. - Spatial separation between gateway beams 23 is advantageously provided to enable use of the entire bandwidth by each
gateway 12. Furthermore, the gateway(s) 12 is (are) preferably disposed geographically to be proximate to the terrestrial Internet backbone (not shown) and coupled to that backbone by broadband communications links (not shown). - As previously discussed, a service region (for example, service region 21) may be defined by a grid of individual user beams 22. Frequency reuse by two or more user beams 22 may be employed in various embodiments of the present invention. For example, any two user beams may employ the same frequency without regard to antenna polarization provided that the two user beams are spatially isolated (i.e., not adjacent or overlapping). Furthermore, even adjacent user beams may employ a common frequency provided that each adjacent user beam operates at a different antenna polarization. Frequency re-use within a plurality of
user beams 22 may be improved by using, for example, a “four color” re-use plan. As illustrated inFIG. 3A , in a four color re-use plan, each color represents a combination of a frequency sub-band and an antenna polarization. Appropriate assignment of colors touser beams 22 provides that no two adjacent user beams share both a common frequency and a common polarization. - A further embodiment of the invention, illustrated in
FIG. 1A , may provide the antenna pattern coverage illustrated inFIG. 4 , in which a subset of user beams, termed low density user beams 47, are distributed so as to define aservice region 46 wherein one ormore gateways 12 are also disposed. In this embodiment of the invention, the available spectrum is allocated into, for example, two non-overlapping unequally sized segments. The larger of the two spectrum segments is assigned to afirst user link 17 a and the smaller of the two spectrum segments is assigned to asecond user link 17 b. Thefeeder link 13 preferably operates within the same spectrum segment as user link 17 a and outside the spectrum segment assigned touser link 17 b. - As illustrated in
FIG. 4 , afirst service region 41 is defined by a plurality of high density user beams 42 and encompasses roughly the eastern half of the continental United States. In this example, auser terminal 16, which may be located in any of thirty-twouser beams 42, is communicatively coupled over user link 17 a tospacecraft 11, andspacecraft 11 may be communicatively coupled overfeeder link 13 to at least one of eightgateways 12. Eachgateway 12 is substantially spatially isolated from thefirst service region 41. Because of this spatial isolation, the user link 17 a advantageously is operable at the same frequency(ies) as thefeeder link 13. Moreover, in accordance with the present invention, the frequency band common to both thefeeder link 13 and the user link 17 a may encompass the entirety of the bandwidth or an arbitrarily large fraction of the bandwidth licensed to thenetwork 100. - As further illustrated in
FIG. 4 , asecond service region 46 is defined by a plurality of low density user beams 47 and encompasses roughly the western half of the continental United States. At least onegateway 12 is also disposed insecond service region 46. In this example, auser terminal 16, which may be located in any of sixty-two low density user beams 47, is communicatively coupled overuser link 17 b tospacecraft 11, andspacecraft 11 is communicatively coupled overfeeder link 13 to at least one of eightgateways 12. Because thefeeder link 13 operates outside the spectrum segment assigned touser link 17 b, spatial separation between anygateway 12 anduser beam 47 is not required to avoid interference. - Of course, the methods of optimizing frequency reuse by two or more user beams discussed above may also be employed in this embodiment of the present invention. For example, any two user beams may employ the same frequency without regard to antenna polarization provided that the two user beams are spatially isolated (i.e., not adjacent or overlapping). Furthermore, even adjacent user beams may employ a common frequency provided that each adjacent user beam operates at a different antenna polarization. Frequency re-use within a plurality of user beams may be improved by using, as discussed above, a “four color” re-use plan.
- The foregoing merely illustrates principles of the invention. It will thus be appreciated that those skilled in the art will be able to devise numerous systems and methods which, although not explicitly shown or described herein, embody said principles of the invention and are thus within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the following claims.
Claims (32)
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US92326307P | 2007-04-13 | 2007-04-13 | |
US11/891,086 US7792070B1 (en) | 2007-04-13 | 2007-08-08 | Multi-beam satellite network to maximize bandwidth utilization |
US12/861,702 US20110007686A1 (en) | 2007-04-13 | 2010-08-23 | Multi-beam satellite network to maximize bandwidth utilization |
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