US20110092767A1 - Delivery methods and devices for implantable bronchial isolation devices - Google Patents
Delivery methods and devices for implantable bronchial isolation devices Download PDFInfo
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- US20110092767A1 US20110092767A1 US12/885,250 US88525010A US2011092767A1 US 20110092767 A1 US20110092767 A1 US 20110092767A1 US 88525010 A US88525010 A US 88525010A US 2011092767 A1 US2011092767 A1 US 2011092767A1
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- bronchial
- isolation device
- delivery catheter
- sizing
- bronchoscope
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for ligaturing or otherwise compressing tubular parts of the body, e.g. blood vessels, umbilical cord
- A61B17/12022—Occluding by internal devices, e.g. balloons or releasable wires
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for ligaturing or otherwise compressing tubular parts of the body, e.g. blood vessels, umbilical cord
- A61B17/12022—Occluding by internal devices, e.g. balloons or releasable wires
- A61B17/12099—Occluding by internal devices, e.g. balloons or releasable wires characterised by the location of the occluder
- A61B17/12104—Occluding by internal devices, e.g. balloons or releasable wires characterised by the location of the occluder in an air passage
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for ligaturing or otherwise compressing tubular parts of the body, e.g. blood vessels, umbilical cord
- A61B17/12022—Occluding by internal devices, e.g. balloons or releasable wires
- A61B17/12131—Occluding by internal devices, e.g. balloons or releasable wires characterised by the type of occluding device
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for ligaturing or otherwise compressing tubular parts of the body, e.g. blood vessels, umbilical cord
- A61B17/12022—Occluding by internal devices, e.g. balloons or releasable wires
- A61B2017/1205—Introduction devices
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for ligaturing or otherwise compressing tubular parts of the body, e.g. blood vessels, umbilical cord
- A61B17/12022—Occluding by internal devices, e.g. balloons or releasable wires
- A61B2017/1205—Introduction devices
- A61B2017/12054—Details concerning the detachment of the occluding device from the introduction device
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/24—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for use in the oral cavity, larynx, bronchial passages or nose; Tongue scrapers
- A61B2017/242—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for use in the oral cavity, larynx, bronchial passages or nose; Tongue scrapers for bronchial passages
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/95—Instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts
- A61F2/9517—Instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts handle assemblies therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/04—Hollow or tubular parts of organs, e.g. bladders, tracheae, bronchi or bile ducts
- A61F2002/043—Bronchi
Definitions
- This invention relates generally to methods and devices for use in performing pulmonary procedures and, more particularly, to devices and procedures for treating lung diseases.
- Certain pulmonary diseases such as emphysema, reduce the ability of one or both lungs to fully expel air during the exhalation phase of the breathing cycle. Such diseases are accompanied by chronic or recurrent obstruction to air flow within the lung.
- One of the effects of such diseases is that the diseased lung tissue is less elastic than healthy lung tissue, which is one factor that prevents full exhalation of air.
- the diseased portion of the lung does not fully recoil due to the diseased (e.g., emphysematic) lung tissue being less elastic than healthy tissue. Consequently, the diseased lung tissue exerts a relatively low driving force, which results in the diseased lung expelling less air volume than a healthy lung.
- the problem is further compounded by the diseased, less elastic tissue that surrounds the very narrow airways that lead to the alveoli, which are the air sacs where oxygen-carbon dioxide exchange occurs.
- the diseased tissue has less tone than healthy tissue and is typically unable to maintain the narrow airways open until the end of the exhalation cycle. This traps air in the lungs and exacerbates the already-inefficient breathing cycle. The trapped air causes the tissue to become hyper-expanded and no longer able to effect efficient oxygen-carbon dioxide exchange.
- hyper-expanded, diseased lung tissue occupies more of the pleural space than healthy lung tissue. In most cases, a portion of the lung is diseased while the remaining part is relatively healthy and, therefore, still able to efficiently carry out oxygen exchange.
- the hyper-expanded lung tissue reduces the amount of space available to accommodate the healthy, functioning lung tissue. As a result, the hyper-expanded lung tissue causes inefficient breathing due to its own reduced functionality and because it adversely affects the functionality of adjacent healthy tissue.
- Lung reduction surgery is a conventional method of treating emphysema.
- a conventional surgical approach is relatively traumatic and invasive, and, like most surgical procedures, is not a viable option for all patients.
- Some recently proposed treatments for emphysema or other lung ailments include the use of devices that isolate a diseased region of the lung in order to modify the air flow to the targeted lung region or to achieve volume reduction or collapse of the targeted lung region.
- one or more bronchial isolation devices are implanted in airways feeding the targeted region of the lung.
- the bronchial isolation device regulates fluid flow through the bronchial passageway in which the bronchial isolation device is implanted.
- the bronchial isolation devices can be, for example, one-way valves that allow flow in the exhalation direction only, occluders or plugs that prevent flow in either direction, or two-way valves that control flow in both directions.
- the bronchial isolation device can be implanted in a target bronchial passageway using a delivery catheter that is placed through the trachea (via the mouth or the nasal cavities) and to the target location in the bronchial passageway. It would be advantageous to develop improved methods and devices for delivering bronchial isolation devices into the lung of a patient.
- the sizing device comprises an elongate shaft configured for positioning in the lung passageway and a sizing element at the distal end of the shaft.
- the sizing element defines a range of transverse dimensions that correspond to a range of transverse dimensions suitable for use with a predetermined set of bronchial isolation devices.
- the device is used to determine the suitability of a bronchial isolation device for use in the lung passageway prior to using a separate delivery catheter to deliver the bronchial isolation device into the lung passageway.
- a device for sizing an inside diameter of a lung passageway comprises an elongate shaft configured for positioning in the lung passageway and a sizing element disposed on a distal end of the shaft.
- the sizing element provides an indication as to the size of the lung passageway for selection of a bronchial isolation device to be inserted into the lung passageway.
- FIG. 1 shows an anterior view of a pair of human lungs and a bronchial tree with a bronchial isolation device implanted in a bronchial passageway to bronchially isolate a region of the lung.
- FIG. 2 illustrates an anterior view of a pair of human lungs and a bronchial tree.
- FIG. 3 illustrates a lateral view of the right lung.
- FIG. 4 illustrates a lateral view of the left lung.
- FIG. 5 illustrates an anterior view of the trachea and a portion of the bronchial tree.
- FIG. 6 shows a perspective view of a bronchoscope.
- FIG. 7 shows an enlarged view of a distal region of a bronchoscope.
- FIG. 8 shows a delivery catheter for delivering a bronchial isolation device to a target location in a body passageway.
- FIG. 9 shows a perspective view of a distal region of the delivery catheter.
- FIG. 10A shows a plan, side view of the distal region of the delivery catheter.
- FIG. 10B shows a cross-sectional view of the delivery catheter along line 10 B- 10 B of FIG. 10A .
- FIG. 11A shows the delivery catheter containing a bronchial isolation device in a housing, which is positioned at a location L of a bronchial passageway.
- FIG. 11B shows the delivery catheter and the deployed bronchial isolation device at the location L of the bronchial passageway.
- FIG. 12 shows a cross-sectional view of a delivery catheter deployed in a bronchial location that requires the delivery catheter's distal end to bend at an acute angle.
- FIG. 13 shows a cross-sectional view of the distal end of the delivery catheter with a limited-travel flange fully retracted into the delivery housing.
- FIG. 14 shows a cross-sectional view of the distal end of the delivery catheter with a limited-travel flange fully extended.
- FIG. 15 shows a side view of one embodiment of an actuation handle of the delivery catheter.
- FIG. 16 shows a cross-sectional, side view of the actuation handle of FIG. 15 with an actuation member in an initial position.
- FIG. 17 shows a cross-sectional, side view of a portion of the actuation handle of FIG. 15 with the actuation member distal of the initial position.
- FIG. 18 shows an enlarged view of the distal region of the bronchoscope with the delivery catheter's distal end protruding outward from the working channel.
- FIG. 19 shows another embodiment of the delivery catheter handle configured for transcopic delivery.
- FIG. 20 shows the delivery catheter of FIG. 19 positioned within the working channel of the bronchoscope with the catheter handle protruding from the bronchoscope.
- FIG. 21 shows an embodiment of the delivery catheter that includes a deployment sheath.
- FIG. 22 shows a partial view of the delivery catheter of FIG. 21 positioned through an anesthesia adapter.
- FIG. 23 shows a sizing catheter with a sizing element on a distal end of the catheter.
- FIG. 24 shows an enlarged view of one embodiment of the sizing element.
- FIG. 25 shows a side view of a sizing element having a depth measuring extension.
- FIG. 26 shows a perspective view of a handle of the sizing catheter, the handle including a cavity that receives at least a portion of the sizing element.
- bronchial isolation devices which are sometimes referred to herein as flow control devices
- the bronchial isolation device is delivered to a target location in the bronchial passageway by mounting the bronchial isolation device in a housing at the distal end of a delivery catheter and then inserting the delivery catheter into the bronchial passageway. Once the housing is positioned at a target location in the bronchial passageway, the bronchial isolation device is ejected from the housing and deployed within the passageway. In the example shown in FIG.
- FIG. 1 the distal end of the delivery catheter 110 is inserted into the patient's mouth or nose, through the trachea, and down to a target location in the bronchial passageway 517 .
- FIG. 1 does not show the housing in which the device is contained.
- lung region refers to a defined division or portion of a lung.
- lung regions are described herein with reference to human lungs, wherein some exemplary lung regions include lung lobes and lung segments.
- lung region can refer, for example, to a lung lobe or a lung segment.
- Such nomenclature conform to nomenclature for portions of the lungs that are known to those skilled in the art.
- lung region does not necessarily refer to a lung lobe or a lung segment, but can refer to some other defined division or portion of a human or non-human lung.
- FIG. 2 shows an anterior view of a pair of human lungs 210 , 215 and a bronchial tree 220 that provides a fluid pathway into and out of the lungs 210 , 215 from a trachea 225 , as will be known to those skilled in the art.
- the term “fluid” can refer to a gas, a liquid, or a combination of gas(es) and liquid(s).
- FIG. 2 shows only a portion of the bronchial tree 220 , which is described in more detail below with reference to FIG. 5 .
- FIG. 2 shows a path 202 that travels through the trachea 225 and through a bronchial passageway into a location in the right lung 210 .
- proximal direction refers to the direction along such a path 202 that points toward the patient's mouth or nose and away from the patient's lungs.
- the proximal direction is generally the same as the expiration direction when the patient breathes.
- the arrow 204 in FIG. 2 points in the proximal or expiratory direction.
- the term “distal direction” refers to the direction along such a path 202 that points toward the patient's lung and away from the mouth or nose.
- the distal direction is generally the same as the inhalation or inspiratory direction when the patient breathes.
- the arrow 206 in FIG. 2 points in the distal or inhalation direction.
- the lungs include a right lung 210 and a left lung 215 .
- the right lung 210 includes lung regions comprised of three lobes, including a right upper lobe 230 , a right middle lobe 235 , and a right lower lobe 240 .
- the lobes 230 , 235 , 240 are separated by two interlobar fissures, including a right oblique fissure 226 and a right transverse fissure 228 .
- the right oblique fissure 226 separates the right lower lobe 240 from the right upper lobe 230 and from the right middle lobe 235 .
- the right transverse fissure 228 separates the right upper lobe 230 from the right middle lobe 235 .
- the left lung 215 includes lung regions comprised of two lobes, including the left upper lobe 250 and the left lower lobe 255 .
- An interlobar fissure comprised of a left oblique fissure 245 of the left lung 215 separates the left upper lobe 250 from the left lower lobe 255 .
- the lobes 230 , 235 , 240 , 250 , 255 are directly supplied air via respective lobar bronchi, as described in detail below.
- FIG. 3 is a lateral view of the right lung 210 .
- the right lung 210 is subdivided into lung regions comprised of a plurality of bronchopulmonary segments. Each bronchopulmonary segment is directly supplied air by a corresponding segmental tertiary bronchus, as described below.
- the bronchopulmonary segments of the right lung 210 include a right apical segment 310 , a right posterior segment 320 , and a right anterior segment 330 , all of which are disposed in the right upper lobe 230 .
- the right lung bronchopulmonary segments further include a right lateral segment 340 and a right medial segment 350 , which are disposed in the right middle lobe 235 .
- the right lower lobe 240 includes bronchopulmonary segments comprised of a right superior segment 360 , a right medial basal segment (which cannot be seen from the lateral view and is not shown in FIG. 3 ), a right anterior basal segment 380 , a right lateral basal segment 390 , and a right posterior basal segment 395 .
- FIG. 4 shows a lateral view of the left lung 215 , which is subdivided into, lung regions comprised of a plurality of bronchopulmonary segments.
- the bronchopulmonary segments include a left apical segment 410 , a left posterior segment 420 , a left anterior segment 430 , a left superior segment 440 , and a left inferior segment 450 , which are disposed in the left lung upper lobe 250 .
- the lower lobe 255 of the left lung 215 includes bronchopulmonary segments comprised of a left superior segment 460 , a left medial basal segment (which cannot be seen from the lateral view and is not shown in FIG. 4 ), a left anterior basal segment 480 , a left lateral basal segment 490 , and a left posterior basal segment 495 .
- FIG. 5 shows an anterior view of the trachea 325 and a portion of the bronchial tree 220 , which includes a network of bronchial passageways, as described below.
- the trachea 225 divides at a lower end into two bronchial passageways comprised of primary bronchi, including a right primary bronchus 510 that provides direct air flow to the right lung 210 , and a left primary bronchus 515 that provides direct air flow to the left lung 215 .
- Each primary bronchus 510 , 515 divides into a next generation of bronchial passageways comprised of a plurality of lobar bronchi.
- the right primary bronchus 510 divides into a right upper lobar bronchus 517 , a right middle lobar bronchus 520 , and a right lower lobar bronchus 422 .
- the left primary bronchus 415 divides into a left upper lobar bronchus 525 and a left lower lobar bronchus 530 .
- Each lobar bronchus 517 , 520 , 522 , 525 , 530 directly feeds fluid to a respective lung lobe, as indicated by the respective names of the lobar bronchi.
- the lobar bronchi each divide into yet another generation of bronchial passageways comprised of segmental bronchi, which provide air flow to the bronchopulmonary segments discussed above.
- a bronchial passageway defines an internal lumen through which fluid can flow to and from a lung or lung region.
- the diameter of the internal lumen for a specific bronchial passageway can vary based on the bronchial passageway's location in the bronchial tree (such as whether the bronchial passageway is a lobar bronchus or a segmental bronchus) and can also vary from patient to patient.
- the internal diameter of a bronchial passageway is generally in the range of 3 millimeters (mm) to 10 mm, although the internal diameter of a bronchial passageway can be outside of this range.
- a bronchial passageway can have an internal diameter of well below 1 mm at locations deep within the lung.
- the internal diameter can also vary from inhalation to exhalation as the diameter increases during inhalation as the lungs expand, and decreases during exhalation as the lungs contract.
- the bronchial isolation device is deployed in the bronchial passageway using a delivery catheter 110 , which is inserted into the bronchial passageway through the patient's trachea.
- the delivery catheter 110 is inserted directly into the trachea and bronchial passageway.
- a bronchoscope 120 assists in the insertion of the delivery catheter 110 through the trachea and into the bronchial passageway.
- the method that uses the bronchoscope 120 is referred to as the “transcopic” method.
- the delivery catheter 110 is inserted into the working channel of the bronchoscope 120 , which is deployed to the bronchial passageway 517 either before or after the delivery catheter has been inserted into the bronchoscope 120 .
- the bronchoscope 120 has a steering mechanism 125 , a delivery shaft 130 , a working channel entry port 135 , and a visualization eyepiece 140 .
- FIG. 1 shows the bronchoscope 120 positioned with its distal end at the right primary bronchus 510 .
- the delivery catheter 110 is positioned within the bronchoscope 120 such that the delivery catheter's distal end and the attached bronchial isolation device 115 protrude outward from the distal end of the bronchoscope 120 , as shown in FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 6 shows an enlarged view of the bronchoscope 120 , including the steering mechanism 125 , delivery shaft 130 , working channel entry port 135 , and visualization eyepiece 140 .
- the bronchoscope can also include a fiber optic bundle mounted inside the length of the bronchoscope for transferring an image from the distal end to the eyepiece 140 .
- the bronchoscope also includes a camera or charge-coupled device (CCD) for generating an image of the bronchial tree.
- FIG. 7 shows an enlarged view of the distal portion of the bronchoscope 120 .
- a working channel 710 (sometimes referred to as a biopsy channel) extends through the delivery shaft 130 and communicates with the entry port 135 (shown in FIG.
- the working channel 710 can sometimes be formed by an extruded plastic tube inside the body of the bronchoscope 120 .
- the bronchoscope 120 can also include various other channels, such as a visualization channel 720 that communicates with the eyepiece 140 and one or more illumination channels 730 .
- the bronchoscope can have a variety of configurations and is not limited to the embodiment shown in the figures.
- the working channel 710 may be formed of a flexible material and temporarily or permanently attached to the outside of the delivery shaft 130 .
- FIG. 8 shows one embodiment of the delivery catheter 110 for delivering and deploying the bronchial isolation device 115 to a target location in a bronchial passageway.
- the delivery catheter 110 has a proximal end 810 and a distal end 815 that can be deployed to a target location in a patient's bronchial passageway, such as through the trachea.
- the catheter 110 has an elongated outer shaft 820 and an elongated inner shaft 825 that is slidably positioned within the outer shaft 820 such that the outer shaft 820 can slidably move relative to the inner shaft 825 along the length of the catheter, as described in more detail below.
- an actuation handle 830 is located at the proximal end 810 of the catheter 110 ;
- the actuation handle 830 can be actuated to slidably move the outer shaft 820 in a proximal direction relative to the inner shaft 825 with the inner shaft 825 remaining fixed relative to the actuation handle 830 .
- the outer shaft 820 slides over the inner shaft 825 .
- FIG. 8 shows a schematic view of the actuation handle 830 , which is described in more detail below.
- the handle 830 includes a first piece 835 and a second actuation piece 840 , which is moveable relative to the first piece 835 .
- the outer shaft 820 of the catheter 110 can be moved relative to the inner shaft 825 by moving the first piece 835 of the handle 830 relative to the second piece 840 .
- the inner shaft 825 of the catheter 110 can include a central guidewire lumen (not shown) that extends through the entire length of the catheter 110 .
- the central guidewire lumen of the inner shaft 825 is sized to receive a guidewire, which can be used during deployment of the catheter 110 to guide the catheter 110 to a location in a bronchial passageway.
- a housing 850 is located at or near a distal end of the catheter 110 for holding therein the bronchial isolation device 115 .
- the housing 850 is attached to a distal end of the outer shaft 820 of the catheter 110 but not attached to the inner shaft 825 , which extends axially through the housing.
- the housing 850 defines an inner cavity that is sized to receive the bronchial isolation device 115 therein.
- FIG. 9 shows an enlarged, perspective view of the distal portion of the catheter 110 where the housing 850 is located.
- FIG. 10A shows a plan, side view of the distal portion of the catheter 110 where the housing 850 is located.
- the housing 850 is shaped to receive the bronchial isolation device therein and is open at a distal end and closed at a proximal end.
- the inner shaft 825 of the catheter 110 protrudes through the housing 850 and can slidably move relative to the housing 850 .
- An ejection member, such as a flange 910 is attached at or near a distal end of the inner shaft 825 .
- the flange 910 is sized such that it can be received into the housing 850 so that the flange 910 can be withdrawn into the housing 850 to abut a proximal end of the housing.
- FIGS. 9 and 10A show the flange 910 positioned outside of the housing 850 .
- the ejection member can be used to eject the bronchial isolation device 115 from the housing 850 .
- the housing can be manufactured of a rigid material, such as steel.
- the housing 850 can also be flexible or collapsible. Although the housing 850 is shown having a cylindrical shape, it should be appreciated that the housing 850 can have other shapes that are configured to receive the bronchial isolation device therein.
- a sizing element 925 is located at or near the housing 850 , as shown in FIGS. 10A and 10B . (For clarity of illustration, FIG. 10B does not show the bronchial isolation device 115 mounted in the housing 850 and does not show the inner shaft 825 of the delivery catheter.)
- the sizing element 925 can be used to determine whether the bronchial isolation device 115 in the housing 850 will fit within a particular bronchial passageway in a working manner.
- the sizing element 925 comprises one or more extensions, such as first extensions 930 a and second extensions 930 b that define distances L 1 and L 2 , respectively.
- the opposed, outer tips of the extensions 930 a are separated by a distance L 1 and the opposed, outer tips of the extensions 930 b are separated by a distance L 2 .
- the distance L 1 corresponds to the diameter of the larger end of the functional diameter range of the bronchial isolation device 115 . That is, the distance L 1 is substantially equal to the largest possible diameter for a bronchial passageway in which the bronchial isolation device can be functionally deployed.
- the distance L 2 corresponds to the diameter of the lower end of the functional diameter range of the bronchial isolation device 115 . That is, the distance L 2 is substantially equal to the smallest possible diameter for a bronchial passageway in which the bronchial isolation device 115 can be functionally deployed.
- the extensions 930 can take on a variety of structures and shapes. For example, FIGS. 10A and 10B shows the extensions 930 comprising elongate prongs that extend radially outward from the catheter or the housing 850 .
- the extensions 930 of the sizing element 925 comprise two or more loops 931 a and 931 b , which correspond to the extensions 930 a and 930 b , respectively.
- Each loop 931 forms an ellipse having a long axis of a predetermined length.
- the loop 931 a has a long axis of length L 1 that is greater than the length L 2 of the long axis of the second loop 931 b .
- the larger length L 1 of loop 931 a corresponds to the diameter of the larger end of the functional diameter range of the bronchial isolation device 115 .
- the shorter length L 2 of loop 931 b corresponds to the diameter of the lower end of the functional diameter range of the bronchial isolation device.
- the sizing element 925 is used to determine whether or not the bronchial passageway is within the functional range of the bronchial isolation device 115 .
- the opposed tips of the longer extensions 930 a e.g., the diameter loop 931 a
- the bronchial isolation device 115 is too small to be implanted in that passageway.
- the bronchial passageway is too large for the bronchial isolation device if the tips of the longer extensions 930 a cannot simultaneously contact the bronchial wall when the extensions 930 a are centrally positioned within the bronchial passageway. If the opposed tips of the shorter extensions 930 b can simultaneously contact the wall of the bronchial passageway, then the bronchial isolation device 115 is too large to be implanted in the bronchial passageway in a working manner.
- the extensions 930 can be constructed of various materials.
- the extensions are constructed of wire, etched from a flat plate, or by other methods.
- the extensions 930 can be made of a flexible material, such as Nitinol, or a polymer or other flexible material, such that the extensions fold down when inserted into or retracted into the working channel of the bronchoscope.
- the extensions are manufactured of Pebax, which is a polyether-block co-polyamide polymer. Other flexible resins can be used as well.
- Other configurations and shapes of the sizing element 925 are contemplated, such as standing struts rather than loops, etc.
- the sizing element 925 can be made in different sizes to correspond with each size of bronchial isolation device 115 .
- the range of bronchial lumen diameters in which different sizes of bronchial isolation device can be implanted can be chosen such that the ranges overlap. For example, the smallest acceptable diameter for a larger size of bronchial isolation device can be smaller than the largest acceptable diameter for the next smaller size of bronchial isolation device.
- Each size can be delivered with a delivery catheter 110 that has a sizing element 925 with extensions 930 that correspond to the functional range of the particular size of bronchial isolation device.
- the delivery catheter 110 would have to be removed from the bronchoscope and the next larger or smaller catheter chosen. This procedure might require the operator to use an extra delivery catheter and/or bronchial isolation device, and to spend extra time changing to the appropriately sized device.
- the sizing element 925 can be mounted on the distal end of a sizing catheter 2300 , as shown in FIG. 23 , rather than on the distal end of the delivery catheter 110 .
- the sizing catheter comprises a flexible shaft 2320 , a handle 2310 mounted to the proximal end of the flexible shaft 2320 , and a sizing element 2330 mounted to the distal end of the flexible shaft.
- the sizing catheter 2300 is inserted through a suitable delivery device (such as through the working channel of the bronchoscope or other endoscope), placed into the target bronchial lumen, and used to size the target bronchial lumen prior to the insertion of the delivery catheter 110 with the bronchial isolation device 115 loaded into the distal end of the catheter.
- a suitable delivery device such as through the working channel of the bronchoscope or other endoscope
- the sizing catheter 2300 can be designed to size bronchial lumens for just one size of bronchial isolation device 115 .
- the sizing element 2330 is mounted to the distal end of the sizing catheter 2300 , and is comprised of two sets of sizing extensions 930 a and 930 b , one corresponding to the minimum operational diameter and one corresponding to the maximum operational diameter of the bronchial isolation device 115 .
- the sizing element 2330 can be comprised of three sets of sizing extensions 2350 as shown in FIG. 24 .
- the length X 1 of the longest set of extensions 2350 a correspond to the maximum diameter of the larger of the two sizes of bronchial isolation devices 115 .
- the length X 3 of the shortest set of extensions 2350 c correspond to the minimum diameter of the smaller of the two sizes of bronchial isolation devices 115 .
- the length X 2 of the intermediate set of extensions 2350 b corresponds to the transition diameter between the two bronchial isolation devices 115 . If the lumen is larger in diameter than X 2 , then the larger of the two bronchial isolation devices is implanted, and if the lumen is smaller in diameter than X 2 , than the smaller of the two bronchial isolation devices is implanted.
- the sizing catheter 2300 can be manufactured with four sets of sizing extensions.
- the smaller of the two intermediate sets of extensions correspond to the transition diameter between the smallest and the intermediate size bronchial isolation device, and the larger of the two intermediate sets of extensions correspond to the transition diameter between the intermediate and the largest size bronchial isolation device.
- the number of sizing extensions 2350 could be increased appropriately as the number of bronchial isolation device sizes increases, however at some point it would become impractical to add additional sizing extensions to the catheter.
- More than one size of sizing catheter can be manufactured to solve this problem with each one covering the size range of a different set of bronchial isolation devices.
- one sizing catheter can be designed to size a small and a medium size of bronchial isolation device, and another sizing catheter designed to size the medium size and a large size of bronchial isolation devices. If there are four sizes of device, one sizing catheter can be designed to size the first and second size of bronchial isolation device, and a second sizing catheter can be designed to size the third and fourth size of bronchial isolation devices.
- a bronchial lumen depth measuring extension 2360 comprising an elongate post extends beyond the sizing elements 2350 along the axis of the shaft 2320 .
- the length of the depth measuring element 2360 is “Y” and this corresponds to the length of the portion of the bronchial isolation device 115 that contacts the bronchial lumen wall when the bronchial isolation device is positioned in the bronchial passageway.
- the sizing elements are proximal of the proximal end of the target bronchial lumen, than the device is too long for the target bronchial lumen. If the sizing elements are distal to the proximal end of the target bronchial lumen, than the device will not be too long for the bronchial lumen.
- the sizing element 2330 can be constructed of a flexible material that would allow the sizing extensions 2350 to fold back against the shaft 2320 in order to allow the sizing catheter 2300 to be inserted through the working channel of a bronchoscope or other endoscope for sizing, and then removed.
- the extensions can be formed of a flexible metal such as stainless steel or nitinol, or of a polymer such as thermo plastic elastomer.
- the handle 2310 can be made of any appropriate material such as metal or plastic, and is preferably made with texture or ribs on the surface to allow it to be easily gripped with a gloved hand.
- the flexible shaft 2320 is desirably flexible enough to allow it to pass through the working channel of an articulated bronchoscope or other endoscope.
- the shaft 2320 is also desirably stiff enough under compressive and tensile loads so that it may be pushed through the endoscope working channel and later pulled to remove it. It is also desirably stiff enough in torsion so that the sizing element 2330 rotates in concert with rotation of the handle 2310 without undo “windup” of the shaft.
- the shaft can be constructed from a solid flexible material such nylon or other polymer, or metal such as nitinol or stainless steel. It may be formed by coiling or braiding metal wire such as stainless steel or nitinol to form a shaft. It may be formed of a composition of two or more materials such as a braided wire shaft fused with a polymer tube.
- a solid PTFE PolyTetraFluoroEthylene
- Stainless steel wire is then braided on top of this core and a tubular polyether block amide (Pebax) extrusion is then fused over the wire so that the Pebax melts through the stainless steel wire and fuses to the nylon layer.
- Pebax tubular polyether block amide
- FIG. 26 An optional feature of the sizing catheter 2300 is shown in FIG. 26 .
- the distal end of the handle 2310 has a hole, indentation or cavity that is sized to fit or receive the depth measuring element 2360 .
- the catheter can be coiled and the depth measuring element 2360 inserted into the hole in the handle 2310 to both keep the catheter coiled and to protect the sizing element 2330 from damage.
- the handle 2310 may also have a raised rim 2370 that acts to protect the sizing extensions 2350 from damage.
- the bronchial isolation device 115 is first inserted into the housing 850 .
- the bronchial isolation device 115 can be inserted into the housing according to various methods and devices, some of which are described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/270,792, entitled “Bronchial Flow Control Devices and Methods of Use”, which is assigned to Emphasys Medical, Inc., the assignee of the instant application.
- the distal end of the delivery catheter 110 is deployed into a bronchial passageway via the trachea such that the housing 850 is located at or near the target location in the bronchial passageway, as shown in FIG. 11A .
- an operator can eject the bronchial isolation device 115 from the housing 850 into the bronchial passageway.
- FIG. 11A shows a cross-sectional view of a bronchial passageway 1110 with the deliver catheter 110 positioned therein.
- the distal end of the delivery catheter 110 including the housing 850 , is located at or near the target location L.
- an operator actuates the catheter handle 830 to slidably move the outer catheter member 820 in a proximal direction relative to the location L, while maintaining the location of the bronchial isolation device 115 , inner shaft 825 , and flange 910 fixed with respect to the location L.
- the proximal movement of the outer shaft 820 causes the attached housing 850 to also move in a proximal direction, while the flange 910 prevents the bronchial isolation device 115 from moving in the proximal direction. This results in the housing 850 sliding away from engagement with the bronchial isolation device 115 so that the bronchial isolation device 115 is eventually entirely released from the housing 850 and implanted in the bronchial passageway at the target location L, as shown in FIG. 11B .
- the outer shaft 820 can undergo tension and the inner shaft 825 undergo compression due to the relative movement of the shafts and possible friction against the proximal movement of the outer shaft 820 . This can result in an axial shortening of the inner shaft 825 and an axial lengthening of the outer shaft 820 .
- the flange 910 can be configured to over-travel a distance Y beyond the distal end of the housing 850 , as shown in FIG. 11B .
- FIG. 12 shows such a situation, where the bronchial isolation device 115 is deployed at a location in the bronchial tree 220 that requires the delivery catheter 110 to bend at an acute angle with the flange 910 withdrawn entirely from the housing 850 .
- the flange 910 can catch on the tissue of the bronchial wall at a location 1210 inside the bend as the operator pulls the catheter 110 out of the bronchial passageway. This can make it difficult for an operator to remove the delivery catheter 110 from the bronchial passageway and can risk possible damage to the tissue if the operator continues to pull while the flange is caught on the bend.
- FIG. 13 shows a cross-sectional view of the distal region of the catheter, showing the inner shaft 825 axially disposed in the outer shaft 820 .
- the flange 910 is attached to the inner shaft 825 and the housing 850 is attached to the outer shaft 820 .
- the inner shaft 825 has a step 1405 and the housing 850 or outer shaft 820 has a stop or ledge 1410 .
- the step 1405 is spaced from the ledge 1410 when the flange 910 is fully withdrawn in the housing 850 .
- the step 1405 eventually abuts the ledge 1410 , which acts as a stop to limit any further proximal movement of the outer shaft 820 relative to the inner shaft 825 .
- the flange 910 is positioned just at the distal end of the housing 850 when the stop position is reached. Thus, the flange 910 and housing 850 have a relative range of travel therebetween.
- the flange 910 is limited from being distally positioned at all past a distal edge of the housing. In another embodiment, the flange 910 can be distally positioned past the distal end of the housing only to the extent that the flange will not catch onto tissue during withdrawal of the delivery catheter.
- the distance Y is sufficiently small to prevent or greatly reduce the likelihood of bronchial wall tissue being caught or pinched between the flange 910 and the housing 850 during withdrawal of the delivery catheter 110 . This eliminates the possibility of the flange 910 catching or lodging on the bronchial tissue during removal of the delivery catheter 110 .
- FIG. 15 shows a side view of an actuation handle 1510 .
- the actuation handle 1510 has an elongate shape suitable for grasping within an operator's hand. It should be appreciated, however, that the shape of the actuation handle 1510 can vary.
- the actuation handle 1510 includes an actuation member, such as a slidable actuation slider 1515 , that can be actuated to slide the outer shaft 820 relative to the inner shaft 825 (the inner shaft is not shown in FIG.
- the actuation member can be positioned on the handle 1510 such that an operator can grasp the handle with a single hand and also move the actuation member using a finger or thumb of the same hand.
- the slider 1515 is positioned along the side of the actuation handle 1510 so that the operator's thumb can be used to move the slider 1515 .
- Other configurations can be used.
- FIG. 16 shows a cross-sectional view of the actuation handle 1510 , which includes an actuation system for moving the outer shaft relative to the handle.
- the actuation system comprises a rack and pinion system for effecting movement of the outer shaft 820 relative to the inner shaft 825 .
- the actuation slider 1515 is coupled to the actuation system.
- the actuation slider 1515 is slidably positioned inside an elongate slot 1605 in the actuation handle 1510 .
- a distal end of the actuation slider 1515 abuts or is attached to a first rack 1610 that is also slidably mounted in the elongate slot 1605 .
- the first rack 1610 has a first edge with teeth that mesh with corresponding teeth on a first pinion 1615 .
- the first pinion 1615 is engaged with a second pinion 1620 having teeth that mesh with a second rack 1625 mounted in an elongate slot 1628 .
- the second rack 1625 is attached to the outer shaft 820 of the delivery catheter 110 such that movement of the second rack 1625 corresponds to movement of the outer shaft 820 . That is, when the second rack slidably moves in the proximal direction or distal direction, the outer shaft 820 also moves in the proximal or distal direction, respectively.
- the inner shaft 825 is fixedly attached to the handle 1510 , such as by using adhesive or through a friction fit.
- the first rack, second rack, first pinion, and second pinion collectively form a rack and pinion system that can be used to transfer distal movement of the actuation slider 1515 to proximal movement of the outer shaft 820 while the inner shaft 825 remains stationary relative to the handle 1510 , as described below.
- the actuation slider 1515 can be positioned in an initial position, as shown in FIG. 16 .
- the actuation slider 1515 is in the initial position, the flange 910 is fully withdrawn inside the housing 950 (as shown in FIG. 13 ).
- the actuation slider 1515 is at the proximal end of the handle when in the initial position, although it should be appreciated that the initial position can vary.
- the rack and pinion system causes the outer shaft 820 to slidably move in the proximal direction (represented by the arrow 1635 in FIG.
- the inner catheter 825 (which is fixed to the handle 1510 ) remains stationary relative to the handle 1510 while the outer shaft 820 moves.
- the outer shaft 820 (and the attached housing 850 ) slides in the proximal direction, with the inner shaft 820 and flange 910 remaining stationary relative to the handle.
- the handle can be fixed relative to the patient such that the handle, inner shaft, flange and bronchial isolation device remain fixed relative to the patient during ejection of the bronchial isolation device from the housing.
- the gear ratio between the first pinion 1615 and second pinion 1620 can be varied to result in a desired ratio of movement between the actuation slider 1515 and the outer catheter 820 .
- the first pinion 1615 can have a larger diameter than the second pinion 1620 so that the outer shaft 820 (and the attached housing 850 ) are withdrawn in the proximal direction at a slower rate than the actuation slider 1515 is advanced in the distal direction.
- the gear ratio can also be varied to reduce the force required to move the actuation slider 1515 and thereby make it easier for an operator to control ejection of the bronchial isolation device 115 from the housing 850 .
- the ratio between the pinions can be altered to make the withdrawal of the outer shaft faster, slower, or the same speed as the actuation slider movement.
- the rack and pinion system is configured such that a 2:1 force reduction occurs such that the actuator slider moves about twice the distance that the outer shaft 820 is moved. For example, if the slider is moved an inch in the distal direction, then the outer shaft and the attached housing moves about half an inch in the proximal direction, and vice-versa.
- the handle 1510 can include a safety lock that retains the actuation slider 1515 (or any other type of actuation member) in the initial position until the operator applies a force to the actuation slider sufficient to disengage the safety lock.
- the safety lock prevents inadvertent deployment of the bronchial isolation device either by inadvertent movement of the actuation slider in the distal direction or by inadvertent movement of the outer shaft 820 in the proximal direction relative to the handle. Inadvertent proximal movement of the outer shaft 820 can possibly occur when the delivery catheter 110 is being advanced into the patient's trachea, which can cause resistance to be applied to the outer shaft 820 by an anesthesia adaptor valve, endrotracheal tube, or the lung.
- the safety lock comprises one or more magnets positioned in the actuation handle 1510 .
- FIG. 17 shows a partial, cross-sectional view of the proximal end of the handle 1510 with the actuation slider 1515 positioned distally of the initial position.
- a first magnet 1710 is located on the handle 1510 near the initial location of the actuation slider 1515 .
- a second magnet 1715 is located on or in the actuation slider 1515 .
- the magnets 1710 , 1715 are oriented such that an attractive magnetic force exists therebetween.
- the magnetic force between the magnets 1710 , 1715 retains the actuation slider 1515 in the initial position until the operator applies a force to the slider 1515 sufficient to overcome the magnetic force and move the slider 1515 out of the initial position.
- magnets 1710 , 1715 can be employed as the safety lock.
- One advantage of magnets is that the attractive force between the magnets 1710 , 1715 automatically increases as the actuation slider moves toward the initial position. If the actuation slider happens to be out of the initial position when the bronchial isolation device is loaded into the housing 850 , the actuation slider 1515 is driven back toward the initial position as the bronchial isolation device is loaded into the housing 850 . The magnetic attraction between the first and second magnets 1710 , 1715 automatically engages the safety lock when the actuation slider 1515 moves into the initial position.
- the safety lock can include an additional feature wherein the operator must depress the actuation slider 1515 in order to disengage the slider from the initial position.
- the slot 1605 in the actuation handle 1510 has an opening 1712 .
- the actuation slider 1515 moves outward and sits in the opening 1712 when in the initial position. The operator must depress the slider 1515 to move the actuation slider 1515 out of the opening in order to disengage the slider from the initial position and slide the actuation slider 1515 in the distal direction.
- the bronchoscope 120 (shown in FIGS. 1 , 6 , 7 ) is used in deploying the delivery catheter 110 into the bronchial passageway.
- the delivery catheter 110 is inserted into the working channel 710 of the bronchoscope 120 such that the delivery catheter's distal end is aligned with or protrudes from the distal end of the bronchoscope 120 .
- the bronchoscope 120 with the delivery catheter 110 positioned as such, is then inserted into the bronchial passageway via the patient's trachea such that the distal end of the delivery catheter is positioned at a desired location in the bronchial passageway, as shown in FIG. 1 .
- the delivery catheter 110 can be inserted into the bronchoscope 120 either before or after the bronchoscope has been inserted into the bronchial passageway.
- FIG. 18 shows an enlarged view of the distal region of the bronchoscope 120 with the delivery catheter's distal end (including the housing 850 ) protruding outward from the working channel 710 .
- the bronchial isolation device 115 is positioned within the housing 850 .
- the bronchial isolation device 115 is a distance D from the distal end of the bronchoscope 120 .
- the operator may desire to adjust the distance D to fine tune the location of the bronchial isolation device 115 .
- FIG. 19 shows another embodiment of the actuation handle, referred to as actuation handle 1910 , that can be used for transcopic delivery and that can be fixed relative to a bronchoscope while also allowing for adjustments in the distance D of FIG. 18 once the delivery device is positioned in the bronchoscope.
- the actuation handle 1910 includes an actuation member in the form of a button 1915 that can be depressed in the distal direction to move the outer shaft 820 of the delivery catheter in the proximal direction.
- the handle includes an adjustment mechanism that is used to adjust the position of the handle relative to the bronchoscope.
- the adjustment mechanism comprises an elongated bronchoscope mount 1920 that extends outwardly from the distal end of the actuation handle 1910 and extends at least partially over the catheter outer shaft 820 such that the outer shaft can slide freely within the bronchoscope mount 1920 .
- the bronchoscope mount 1920 extends outward from the handle a distance A.
- the bronchoscope mount 1920 is slidably moveable into or out of the handle 1910 such that it can be pushed into or pulled out of the handle 1910 along the axis of the mount 1920 in order to adjust the distance A.
- the bronchoscope mount 1920 is biased outward, for example with a spring, so that its tendency is to be fully extended outward from the handle 1910 .
- a locking mechanism includes a lock, such as a lever 1925 , that can be depressed to lock the bronchoscope mount 1920 relative to the handle 1910 when the distance A is adjusted to a desired amount, as described below. Once the distance A is at a desired amount, the operator can lock the bronchoscope mount 1920 relative to the handle to fix the bronchoscope mount 1920 relative to the handle 1910 .
- a lock such as a lever 1925
- the bronchoscope mount 1920 has a size and shape that is configured to sit within the entry port 135 of the bronchoscope working channel.
- an operator can insert the bronchoscope mount 1920 into the entry port 135 such that it abuts and sits within the entry port 135 .
- the actuation handle 1910 is fixed relative to the bronchoscope 120 with the catheter's distal end protruding a distance D from the bronchoscope's distal end (as shown in FIG. 20 ).
- the operator can then adjust the distance A by moving the bronchoscope mount 1920 into or out of the handle 1910 , such as by pushing on the handle 1910 to decrease the distance A.
- the bronchoscope mount 1920 is locked by depressing the lever 1925 .
- the operator also adjusts the distance D (shown in FIG. 18 ) between the distal end of the bronchoscope 120 and the bronchial isolation device 115 . This can be helpful where different brands or types of bronchoscopes have different length working channels. It also allows the operator to fine-tune the position of the housing 850 and bronchial isolation device in the bronchial passageway without moving the bronchoscope.
- bronchoscope mount 1920 Other mechanisms for locking the movement of the bronchoscope mount 1920 are possible such as depressing and holding the lever 1925 to release the movement of the bronchoscope mount 1920 , repositioning the bronchoscope mount 1920 , and releasing the lever 1925 to lock the bronchoscope mount 1920 in place.
- Catheter Sheath As discussed above, during use of the delivery catheter 110 it can be desirable to fix the location of the inner shaft 825 (and thus the bronchial isolation device in the housing 850 ) relative to the patient's body while proximally withdrawing the outer shaft 820 and the housing 850 relative to the bronchial passageway to eject the bronchial isolation device, as shown in FIGS. 11A and 11B . Given that the outer shaft 820 moves proximally relative to the bronchial passageway during the foregoing process, the outer shaft 820 can encounter resistance to proximal movement due to friction with devices or body passageways in which the delivery device is positioned.
- the outer surface of the outer shaft 820 can encounter frictional resistance against an anesthesia adaptor through which the outer shaft is inserted.
- the anesthesia adapter is a fitting that permits the bronchoscope and delivery catheter to be inserted into the lung without leakage of ventilated oxygen, anesthesia gases, or other airway gases.
- the adapter typically has a valve through which the delivery catheter or bronchoscope is inserted.
- the valve seals against the outer surface of the outer shaft 820 to prevent air leaks. This seal can provide resistance against proximal movement of the outer shaft 820 during ejection of the bronchial isolation device from the housing 850 .
- Such resistance to proximal movement of the outer shaft 820 is undesirable, as it can result in the bronchial isolation device 115 being deployed in a location distal of the target location in the bronchial passageway.
- FIG. 21 shows an embodiment of the delivery catheter 110 , which includes a deployment sheath 2110 that reduces or eliminates the resistance to proximal movement of the catheter outer shaft 820 during ejection of the bronchial isolation device 115 .
- the deployment sheath 2110 is a sheath having an internal lumen in which the outer shaft 820 is slidably positioned.
- the sheath 2110 is fixed at a proximal end 2112 to the actuation handle 815 .
- FIG. 21 shows the actuation handle 815 , although the sheath 2110 can be used with any type of handle.
- the sheath 2110 is not limited to use with delivery catheters that deploy bronchial isolation devices, but can rather be used with various types of catheters.
- the sheath configuration can be used in combination with catheters suitable for use in venous, arterial, urinary, billiary, or other body passageways.
- the sheath 2110 extends over the outer shaft 820 a distance X.
- the distance X can vary. In one embodiment, the distance X is long enough to extend to locations where the outer shaft is likely to encounter frictional resistance to movement, such as at the anesthesia adapter, if present. However, when used with a delivery catheter having a housing 850 , the distance X is such that the distal end of the sheath does not interfere with the housing 850 being fully withdrawn in the proximal direction.
- the sheath 2110 can have a very thin wall to minimize its contribution to the overall diameter of the delivery catheter 110 .
- the sheath 2110 has a wall thickness in the range of approximately 0.002 inches to approximately 0.004 inches.
- the sheath 2110 is manufactured of a material that is lubricous to minimize resistance to the outer shaft 820 sliding inside the sheath 2110 .
- the sheath material also has a stiffness that resists crumpling when a compressive load is placed along the length of the sheath (such as when the sheath is possibly pinched or grabbed to fix its position relative to the anesthesia adapter during ejection of the catheter from the housing, as described below).
- the compressive forces can come from the possibility that the outer shaft is pinched when the sheath is pinched, and thus when the handle is actuated and the outer shaft starts to move towards the handle, the sheath is compressed].
- the sheath 2110 can be manufactured of various materials, such as, for example, polyimide, Teflon doped polyimide, PolyEtherEtherKetone (PEEK), etc.
- the delivery catheter 110 is positioned in the patient's lung through the trachea, such as described above. This can involve the delivery catheter 110 being positioned through a device such as a bronchoscope or through an anesthesia adapter 2210 , such as shown in the partial view of FIG. 22 .
- the sheath 2110 is located between the anesthesia adapter 2210 and the outer shaft 820 (not shown in FIG. 22 ) such that the sheath 2110 provides a lubricous shield between the outer shaft 820 and the anesthesia adapter.
- the outer shaft 820 can be proximally moved using the actuation handle without the outer shaft 820 encountering frictional resistance from contact with the anesthesia adapter (or any other object or device in which the sheath and outer shaft are positioned).
- the operator can grab or pinch the catheter 110 (as represented by the arrows 2215 in FIG. 22 ) through the sheath 2110 at the entrance of the anesthesia adapter 2210 to fix the location of the sheath 2110 (and thus the location of the handle and the inner shaft) relative to the patient and/or anesthesia adaptor.
- the sheath 2110 is made of a relatively rigid and lubricous material
- the outer shaft 820 is free to slide through the sheath in the proximal direction as the sheath is grabbed.
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Abstract
Disclosed is a sizing device for sizing an inside diameter of a lung passageway. The device includes an elongate shaft configured for positioning in the lung passageway and a sizing element at the distal end of the shaft. The sizing element defines a range of transverse dimensions that correspond to a range of transverse dimensions suitable for use with a predetermined set of bronchial isolation devices. The device is used to determine the suitability of a bronchial isolation device for use in the lung passageway prior to using a separate delivery catheter to deliver the bronchial isolation device into the lung passageway.
Description
- This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/174,040, filed Jun. 29, 2005, which is a continuation-in-part of co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/723,273, filed Nov. 25, 2003, which claims priority of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/429,902, filed Nov. 27, 2002. Priority of the aforementioned filing dates is hereby claimed, and the disclosures of the aforementioned patent applications are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
- 1. Field of the Invention
- This invention relates generally to methods and devices for use in performing pulmonary procedures and, more particularly, to devices and procedures for treating lung diseases.
- 2. Description of the Related Art
- Certain pulmonary diseases, such as emphysema, reduce the ability of one or both lungs to fully expel air during the exhalation phase of the breathing cycle. Such diseases are accompanied by chronic or recurrent obstruction to air flow within the lung. One of the effects of such diseases is that the diseased lung tissue is less elastic than healthy lung tissue, which is one factor that prevents full exhalation of air. During breathing, the diseased portion of the lung does not fully recoil due to the diseased (e.g., emphysematic) lung tissue being less elastic than healthy tissue. Consequently, the diseased lung tissue exerts a relatively low driving force, which results in the diseased lung expelling less air volume than a healthy lung.
- The problem is further compounded by the diseased, less elastic tissue that surrounds the very narrow airways that lead to the alveoli, which are the air sacs where oxygen-carbon dioxide exchange occurs. The diseased tissue has less tone than healthy tissue and is typically unable to maintain the narrow airways open until the end of the exhalation cycle. This traps air in the lungs and exacerbates the already-inefficient breathing cycle. The trapped air causes the tissue to become hyper-expanded and no longer able to effect efficient oxygen-carbon dioxide exchange.
- In addition, hyper-expanded, diseased lung tissue occupies more of the pleural space than healthy lung tissue. In most cases, a portion of the lung is diseased while the remaining part is relatively healthy and, therefore, still able to efficiently carry out oxygen exchange. By taking up more of the pleural space, the hyper-expanded lung tissue reduces the amount of space available to accommodate the healthy, functioning lung tissue. As a result, the hyper-expanded lung tissue causes inefficient breathing due to its own reduced functionality and because it adversely affects the functionality of adjacent healthy tissue.
- Lung reduction surgery is a conventional method of treating emphysema. However, such a conventional surgical approach is relatively traumatic and invasive, and, like most surgical procedures, is not a viable option for all patients.
- Some recently proposed treatments for emphysema or other lung ailments include the use of devices that isolate a diseased region of the lung in order to modify the air flow to the targeted lung region or to achieve volume reduction or collapse of the targeted lung region. According to such treatments, one or more bronchial isolation devices are implanted in airways feeding the targeted region of the lung. The bronchial isolation device regulates fluid flow through the bronchial passageway in which the bronchial isolation device is implanted. The bronchial isolation devices can be, for example, one-way valves that allow flow in the exhalation direction only, occluders or plugs that prevent flow in either direction, or two-way valves that control flow in both directions.
- The following references describe exemplary bronchial isolation devices: U.S. Pat. No. 5,954,766 entitled “Body Fluid Flow Control Device”; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/797,910, entitled “Methods and Devices for Use in Performing Pulmonary Procedures”; and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/270,792, entitled “Bronchial Flow Control Devices and Methods of Use”. The foregoing references are all incorporated by reference in their entirety and are all assigned to Emphasys Medical, Inc., the assignee of the instant application.
- The bronchial isolation device can be implanted in a target bronchial passageway using a delivery catheter that is placed through the trachea (via the mouth or the nasal cavities) and to the target location in the bronchial passageway. It would be advantageous to develop improved methods and devices for delivering bronchial isolation devices into the lung of a patient.
- Disclosed is a device for sizing an inside diameter of a lung passageway. In one aspect, the sizing device comprises an elongate shaft configured for positioning in the lung passageway and a sizing element at the distal end of the shaft. The sizing element defines a range of transverse dimensions that correspond to a range of transverse dimensions suitable for use with a predetermined set of bronchial isolation devices. The device is used to determine the suitability of a bronchial isolation device for use in the lung passageway prior to using a separate delivery catheter to deliver the bronchial isolation device into the lung passageway.
- In another aspect, there is disclosed a device for sizing an inside diameter of a lung passageway. The device comprises an elongate shaft configured for positioning in the lung passageway and a sizing element disposed on a distal end of the shaft. The sizing element provides an indication as to the size of the lung passageway for selection of a bronchial isolation device to be inserted into the lung passageway.
- Other features and advantages of the present invention should be apparent from the following description of various embodiments, which illustrate, by way of example, the principles of the invention.
-
FIG. 1 shows an anterior view of a pair of human lungs and a bronchial tree with a bronchial isolation device implanted in a bronchial passageway to bronchially isolate a region of the lung. -
FIG. 2 illustrates an anterior view of a pair of human lungs and a bronchial tree. -
FIG. 3 illustrates a lateral view of the right lung. -
FIG. 4 illustrates a lateral view of the left lung. -
FIG. 5 illustrates an anterior view of the trachea and a portion of the bronchial tree. -
FIG. 6 shows a perspective view of a bronchoscope. -
FIG. 7 shows an enlarged view of a distal region of a bronchoscope. -
FIG. 8 shows a delivery catheter for delivering a bronchial isolation device to a target location in a body passageway. -
FIG. 9 shows a perspective view of a distal region of the delivery catheter. -
FIG. 10A shows a plan, side view of the distal region of the delivery catheter. -
FIG. 10B shows a cross-sectional view of the delivery catheter alongline 10B-10B ofFIG. 10A . -
FIG. 11A shows the delivery catheter containing a bronchial isolation device in a housing, which is positioned at a location L of a bronchial passageway. -
FIG. 11B shows the delivery catheter and the deployed bronchial isolation device at the location L of the bronchial passageway. -
FIG. 12 shows a cross-sectional view of a delivery catheter deployed in a bronchial location that requires the delivery catheter's distal end to bend at an acute angle. -
FIG. 13 shows a cross-sectional view of the distal end of the delivery catheter with a limited-travel flange fully retracted into the delivery housing. -
FIG. 14 shows a cross-sectional view of the distal end of the delivery catheter with a limited-travel flange fully extended. -
FIG. 15 shows a side view of one embodiment of an actuation handle of the delivery catheter. -
FIG. 16 shows a cross-sectional, side view of the actuation handle ofFIG. 15 with an actuation member in an initial position. -
FIG. 17 shows a cross-sectional, side view of a portion of the actuation handle ofFIG. 15 with the actuation member distal of the initial position. -
FIG. 18 shows an enlarged view of the distal region of the bronchoscope with the delivery catheter's distal end protruding outward from the working channel. -
FIG. 19 shows another embodiment of the delivery catheter handle configured for transcopic delivery. -
FIG. 20 shows the delivery catheter ofFIG. 19 positioned within the working channel of the bronchoscope with the catheter handle protruding from the bronchoscope. -
FIG. 21 shows an embodiment of the delivery catheter that includes a deployment sheath. -
FIG. 22 shows a partial view of the delivery catheter ofFIG. 21 positioned through an anesthesia adapter. -
FIG. 23 shows a sizing catheter with a sizing element on a distal end of the catheter. -
FIG. 24 shows an enlarged view of one embodiment of the sizing element. -
FIG. 25 shows a side view of a sizing element having a depth measuring extension. -
FIG. 26 shows a perspective view of a handle of the sizing catheter, the handle including a cavity that receives at least a portion of the sizing element. - Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as is commonly understood by one of skill in the art to which the invention(s) belong. It should be noted that the various devices and methods disclosed herein are not limited to the treatment of emphysema, and may be used for various other lung diseases.
- Disclosed are various devices and methods for delivering one or more bronchial isolation devices (which are sometimes referred to herein as flow control devices) to a location in a bronchial passageway. The bronchial isolation device is delivered to a target location in the bronchial passageway by mounting the bronchial isolation device in a housing at the distal end of a delivery catheter and then inserting the delivery catheter into the bronchial passageway. Once the housing is positioned at a target location in the bronchial passageway, the bronchial isolation device is ejected from the housing and deployed within the passageway. In the example shown in
FIG. 1 , the distal end of thedelivery catheter 110 is inserted into the patient's mouth or nose, through the trachea, and down to a target location in thebronchial passageway 517. For clarity of illustration,FIG. 1 does not show the housing in which the device is contained. - The following references describe exemplary bronchial isolation devices and delivery devices: U.S. Pat. No. 5,954,766 entitled “Body Fluid Flow Control Device”; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/797,910, entitled “Methods and Devices for Use in Performing Pulmonary Procedures”; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/270,792, entitled “Bronchial Flow Control Devices and Methods of Use”; and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/448,154, entitled “Guidewire Delivery of Implantable Bronchial Isolation Devices in Accordance with Lung Treatment”. The foregoing references are all incorporated by reference in their entirety and are all assigned to Emphasys Medical, Inc., the assignee of the instant application.
- Exemplary Lung Regions. Throughout this disclosure, reference is made to the term “lung region”. As used herein, the term “lung region” refers to a defined division or portion of a lung. For purposes of example, lung regions are described herein with reference to human lungs, wherein some exemplary lung regions include lung lobes and lung segments. Thus, the term “lung region” as used herein can refer, for example, to a lung lobe or a lung segment. Such nomenclature conform to nomenclature for portions of the lungs that are known to those skilled in the art. However, it should be appreciated that the term “lung region” does not necessarily refer to a lung lobe or a lung segment, but can refer to some other defined division or portion of a human or non-human lung.
-
FIG. 2 shows an anterior view of a pair ofhuman lungs bronchial tree 220 that provides a fluid pathway into and out of thelungs trachea 225, as will be known to those skilled in the art. As used herein, the term “fluid” can refer to a gas, a liquid, or a combination of gas(es) and liquid(s). For clarity of illustration,FIG. 2 shows only a portion of thebronchial tree 220, which is described in more detail below with reference toFIG. 5 . - Throughout this description, certain terms are used that refer to relative directions or locations along a path defined from an entryway into the patient's body (e.g., the mouth or nose) to the patient's lungs. The path of airflow into the lungs generally begins at the patient's mouth or nose, travels through the trachea into one or more bronchial passageways, and terminates at some point in the patient's lungs. For example,
FIG. 2 shows apath 202 that travels through thetrachea 225 and through a bronchial passageway into a location in theright lung 210. The term “proximal direction” refers to the direction along such apath 202 that points toward the patient's mouth or nose and away from the patient's lungs. In other words, the proximal direction is generally the same as the expiration direction when the patient breathes. Thearrow 204 inFIG. 2 points in the proximal or expiratory direction. The term “distal direction” refers to the direction along such apath 202 that points toward the patient's lung and away from the mouth or nose. The distal direction is generally the same as the inhalation or inspiratory direction when the patient breathes. Thearrow 206 inFIG. 2 points in the distal or inhalation direction. - The lungs include a
right lung 210 and aleft lung 215. Theright lung 210 includes lung regions comprised of three lobes, including a rightupper lobe 230, a rightmiddle lobe 235, and a rightlower lobe 240. Thelobes right oblique fissure 226 and a righttransverse fissure 228. Theright oblique fissure 226 separates the rightlower lobe 240 from the rightupper lobe 230 and from the rightmiddle lobe 235. The righttransverse fissure 228 separates the rightupper lobe 230 from the rightmiddle lobe 235. - As shown in
FIG. 2 , theleft lung 215 includes lung regions comprised of two lobes, including the leftupper lobe 250 and the leftlower lobe 255. An interlobar fissure comprised of aleft oblique fissure 245 of theleft lung 215 separates the leftupper lobe 250 from the leftlower lobe 255. Thelobes -
FIG. 3 is a lateral view of theright lung 210. Theright lung 210 is subdivided into lung regions comprised of a plurality of bronchopulmonary segments. Each bronchopulmonary segment is directly supplied air by a corresponding segmental tertiary bronchus, as described below. The bronchopulmonary segments of theright lung 210 include a rightapical segment 310, aright posterior segment 320, and a rightanterior segment 330, all of which are disposed in the rightupper lobe 230. The right lung bronchopulmonary segments further include a rightlateral segment 340 and a rightmedial segment 350, which are disposed in the rightmiddle lobe 235. The rightlower lobe 240 includes bronchopulmonary segments comprised of a rightsuperior segment 360, a right medial basal segment (which cannot be seen from the lateral view and is not shown inFIG. 3 ), a right anteriorbasal segment 380, a right lateralbasal segment 390, and a right posteriorbasal segment 395. -
FIG. 4 shows a lateral view of theleft lung 215, which is subdivided into, lung regions comprised of a plurality of bronchopulmonary segments. The bronchopulmonary segments include a leftapical segment 410, aleft posterior segment 420, a leftanterior segment 430, a leftsuperior segment 440, and a leftinferior segment 450, which are disposed in the left lungupper lobe 250. Thelower lobe 255 of theleft lung 215 includes bronchopulmonary segments comprised of a leftsuperior segment 460, a left medial basal segment (which cannot be seen from the lateral view and is not shown inFIG. 4 ), a left anteriorbasal segment 480, a left lateralbasal segment 490, and a left posteriorbasal segment 495. -
FIG. 5 shows an anterior view of the trachea 325 and a portion of thebronchial tree 220, which includes a network of bronchial passageways, as described below. Thetrachea 225 divides at a lower end into two bronchial passageways comprised of primary bronchi, including a rightprimary bronchus 510 that provides direct air flow to theright lung 210, and a leftprimary bronchus 515 that provides direct air flow to theleft lung 215. Eachprimary bronchus primary bronchus 510 divides into a right upperlobar bronchus 517, a right middlelobar bronchus 520, and a right lower lobar bronchus 422. The left primary bronchus 415 divides into a left upperlobar bronchus 525 and a left lowerlobar bronchus 530. Eachlobar bronchus - As is known to those skilled in the art, a bronchial passageway defines an internal lumen through which fluid can flow to and from a lung or lung region. The diameter of the internal lumen for a specific bronchial passageway can vary based on the bronchial passageway's location in the bronchial tree (such as whether the bronchial passageway is a lobar bronchus or a segmental bronchus) and can also vary from patient to patient. However, the internal diameter of a bronchial passageway is generally in the range of 3 millimeters (mm) to 10 mm, although the internal diameter of a bronchial passageway can be outside of this range. For example, a bronchial passageway can have an internal diameter of well below 1 mm at locations deep within the lung. The internal diameter can also vary from inhalation to exhalation as the diameter increases during inhalation as the lungs expand, and decreases during exhalation as the lungs contract.
- Bronchial Isolation Device Delivery System. As discussed above, the bronchial isolation device is deployed in the bronchial passageway using a
delivery catheter 110, which is inserted into the bronchial passageway through the patient's trachea. In one embodiment, thedelivery catheter 110 is inserted directly into the trachea and bronchial passageway. In another embodiment, shown inFIG. 1 , abronchoscope 120 assists in the insertion of thedelivery catheter 110 through the trachea and into the bronchial passageway. The method that uses thebronchoscope 120 is referred to as the “transcopic” method. According to the transcopic method, thedelivery catheter 110 is inserted into the working channel of thebronchoscope 120, which is deployed to thebronchial passageway 517 either before or after the delivery catheter has been inserted into thebronchoscope 120. - As shown in
FIGS. 1 and 6 , in an exemplary embodiment thebronchoscope 120 has asteering mechanism 125, adelivery shaft 130, a workingchannel entry port 135, and avisualization eyepiece 140.FIG. 1 shows thebronchoscope 120 positioned with its distal end at the rightprimary bronchus 510. Thedelivery catheter 110 is positioned within thebronchoscope 120 such that the delivery catheter's distal end and the attachedbronchial isolation device 115 protrude outward from the distal end of thebronchoscope 120, as shown inFIG. 1 . -
FIG. 6 shows an enlarged view of thebronchoscope 120, including thesteering mechanism 125,delivery shaft 130, workingchannel entry port 135, andvisualization eyepiece 140. In addition, the bronchoscope can also include a fiber optic bundle mounted inside the length of the bronchoscope for transferring an image from the distal end to theeyepiece 140. In one embodiment, the bronchoscope also includes a camera or charge-coupled device (CCD) for generating an image of the bronchial tree.FIG. 7 shows an enlarged view of the distal portion of thebronchoscope 120. A working channel 710 (sometimes referred to as a biopsy channel) extends through thedelivery shaft 130 and communicates with the entry port 135 (shown inFIG. 6 ) at the proximal end of thebronchoscope 120. The workingchannel 710 can sometimes be formed by an extruded plastic tube inside the body of thebronchoscope 120. Thebronchoscope 120 can also include various other channels, such as avisualization channel 720 that communicates with theeyepiece 140 and one ormore illumination channels 730. It should be appreciated that the bronchoscope can have a variety of configurations and is not limited to the embodiment shown in the figures. For example, in an alternative embodiment, the workingchannel 710 may be formed of a flexible material and temporarily or permanently attached to the outside of thedelivery shaft 130. -
FIG. 8 shows one embodiment of thedelivery catheter 110 for delivering and deploying thebronchial isolation device 115 to a target location in a bronchial passageway. Thedelivery catheter 110 has aproximal end 810 and adistal end 815 that can be deployed to a target location in a patient's bronchial passageway, such as through the trachea. Thecatheter 110 has an elongatedouter shaft 820 and an elongatedinner shaft 825 that is slidably positioned within theouter shaft 820 such that theouter shaft 820 can slidably move relative to theinner shaft 825 along the length of the catheter, as described in more detail below. - The following references describe exemplary delivery devices: U.S. Pat. No. 5,954,766 entitled “Body Fluid Flow Control Device”; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/797,910, entitled “Methods and Devices for Use in Performing Pulmonary Procedures”; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/270,792, entitled “Bronchial Flow Control Devices and Methods of Use”; and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/448,154, entitled “Guidewire Delivery of Implantable Bronchial Isolation Devices in Accordance with Lung Treatment”. The foregoing references are all incorporated by reference in their entirety and are all assigned to Emphasys Medical, Inc., the assignee of the instant application.
- With reference still to
FIG. 8 , anactuation handle 830, is located at theproximal end 810 of thecatheter 110; The actuation handle 830 can be actuated to slidably move theouter shaft 820 in a proximal direction relative to theinner shaft 825 with theinner shaft 825 remaining fixed relative to theactuation handle 830. During such movement, theouter shaft 820 slides over theinner shaft 825.FIG. 8 shows a schematic view of theactuation handle 830, which is described in more detail below. Generally, thehandle 830 includes afirst piece 835 and asecond actuation piece 840, which is moveable relative to thefirst piece 835. Theouter shaft 820 of thecatheter 110 can be moved relative to theinner shaft 825 by moving thefirst piece 835 of thehandle 830 relative to thesecond piece 840. - The
inner shaft 825 of thecatheter 110 can include a central guidewire lumen (not shown) that extends through the entire length of thecatheter 110. The central guidewire lumen of theinner shaft 825 is sized to receive a guidewire, which can be used during deployment of thecatheter 110 to guide thecatheter 110 to a location in a bronchial passageway. - With reference still to
FIG. 8 , ahousing 850 is located at or near a distal end of thecatheter 110 for holding therein thebronchial isolation device 115. In one embodiment, thehousing 850 is attached to a distal end of theouter shaft 820 of thecatheter 110 but not attached to theinner shaft 825, which extends axially through the housing. Thehousing 850 defines an inner cavity that is sized to receive thebronchial isolation device 115 therein. -
FIG. 9 shows an enlarged, perspective view of the distal portion of thecatheter 110 where thehousing 850 is located.FIG. 10A shows a plan, side view of the distal portion of thecatheter 110 where thehousing 850 is located. As shown inFIGS. 9 and 10A , thehousing 850 is shaped to receive the bronchial isolation device therein and is open at a distal end and closed at a proximal end. Theinner shaft 825 of thecatheter 110 protrudes through thehousing 850 and can slidably move relative to thehousing 850. An ejection member, such as aflange 910, is attached at or near a distal end of theinner shaft 825. Theflange 910 is sized such that it can be received into thehousing 850 so that theflange 910 can be withdrawn into thehousing 850 to abut a proximal end of the housing.FIGS. 9 and 10A show theflange 910 positioned outside of thehousing 850. - As described below, the ejection member can be used to eject the
bronchial isolation device 115 from thehousing 850. The housing can be manufactured of a rigid material, such as steel. Thehousing 850 can also be flexible or collapsible. Although thehousing 850 is shown having a cylindrical shape, it should be appreciated that thehousing 850 can have other shapes that are configured to receive the bronchial isolation device therein. - In one embodiment, a sizing
element 925 is located at or near thehousing 850, as shown inFIGS. 10A and 10B . (For clarity of illustration,FIG. 10B does not show thebronchial isolation device 115 mounted in thehousing 850 and does not show theinner shaft 825 of the delivery catheter.) The sizingelement 925 can be used to determine whether thebronchial isolation device 115 in thehousing 850 will fit within a particular bronchial passageway in a working manner. The sizingelement 925 comprises one or more extensions, such asfirst extensions 930 a andsecond extensions 930 b that define distances L1 and L2, respectively. That is, the opposed, outer tips of theextensions 930 a are separated by a distance L1 and the opposed, outer tips of theextensions 930 b are separated by a distance L2. The distance L1 corresponds to the diameter of the larger end of the functional diameter range of thebronchial isolation device 115. That is, the distance L1 is substantially equal to the largest possible diameter for a bronchial passageway in which the bronchial isolation device can be functionally deployed. The distance L2 corresponds to the diameter of the lower end of the functional diameter range of thebronchial isolation device 115. That is, the distance L2 is substantially equal to the smallest possible diameter for a bronchial passageway in which thebronchial isolation device 115 can be functionally deployed. It should be appreciated that the extensions 930 can take on a variety of structures and shapes. For example,FIGS. 10A and 10B shows the extensions 930 comprising elongate prongs that extend radially outward from the catheter or thehousing 850. - In another embodiment, shown in
FIG. 9 , the extensions 930 of the sizingelement 925 comprise two ormore loops extensions loop 931 a has a long axis of length L1 that is greater than the length L2 of the long axis of thesecond loop 931 b. Thus, the larger length L1 ofloop 931 a corresponds to the diameter of the larger end of the functional diameter range of thebronchial isolation device 115. The shorter length L2 ofloop 931 b corresponds to the diameter of the lower end of the functional diameter range of the bronchial isolation device. - As the
delivery catheter 110 is inserted into the bronchial passageway, the sizingelement 925 is used to determine whether or not the bronchial passageway is within the functional range of thebronchial isolation device 115. For a bronchial passageway in which the sizing element is positioned, if the opposed tips of thelonger extensions 930 a (e.g., thediameter loop 931 a) cannot simultaneously contact the wall of the bronchial passageway, then thebronchial isolation device 115 is too small to be implanted in that passageway. In other words, the bronchial passageway is too large for the bronchial isolation device if the tips of thelonger extensions 930 a cannot simultaneously contact the bronchial wall when theextensions 930 a are centrally positioned within the bronchial passageway. If the opposed tips of theshorter extensions 930 b can simultaneously contact the wall of the bronchial passageway, then thebronchial isolation device 115 is too large to be implanted in the bronchial passageway in a working manner. - The extensions 930, such as the loops 931, can be constructed of various materials. In one embodiment, the extensions are constructed of wire, etched from a flat plate, or by other methods. The extensions 930 can be made of a flexible material, such as Nitinol, or a polymer or other flexible material, such that the extensions fold down when inserted into or retracted into the working channel of the bronchoscope. In one embodiment, the extensions are manufactured of Pebax, which is a polyether-block co-polyamide polymer. Other flexible resins can be used as well. Other configurations and shapes of the sizing
element 925 are contemplated, such as standing struts rather than loops, etc. - If the
bronchial isolation device 115 is manufactured in more than one size, the sizingelement 925 can be made in different sizes to correspond with each size ofbronchial isolation device 115. The range of bronchial lumen diameters in which different sizes of bronchial isolation device can be implanted can be chosen such that the ranges overlap. For example, the smallest acceptable diameter for a larger size of bronchial isolation device can be smaller than the largest acceptable diameter for the next smaller size of bronchial isolation device. Each size can be delivered with adelivery catheter 110 that has a sizingelement 925 with extensions 930 that correspond to the functional range of the particular size of bronchial isolation device. - When multiple sizes of
bronchial isolation devices 115 are available, each can be delivered with adelivery catheter 110 that incorporates a sizingelement 925 with extensions 930 of a size that correspond to the maximum and minimum acceptable bronchial lumen diameters for that device. This would require that the physician or other medical practitioner implanting the bronchial isolation devices estimate the size of the appropriate device for the target bronchial lumen prior to implanting the first device. The corresponding catheter package would then be opened, and the catheter inserted into the bronchoscope, and the sizingelement 925 used to check the diameter of the target bronchial lumen. - If the operator has chosen the wrong size of device, the
delivery catheter 110 would have to be removed from the bronchoscope and the next larger or smaller catheter chosen. This procedure might require the operator to use an extra delivery catheter and/or bronchial isolation device, and to spend extra time changing to the appropriately sized device. - In an alternative embodiment, the sizing
element 925 can be mounted on the distal end of a sizingcatheter 2300, as shown inFIG. 23 , rather than on the distal end of thedelivery catheter 110. The sizing catheter comprises aflexible shaft 2320, ahandle 2310 mounted to the proximal end of theflexible shaft 2320, and asizing element 2330 mounted to the distal end of the flexible shaft. The sizingcatheter 2300 is inserted through a suitable delivery device (such as through the working channel of the bronchoscope or other endoscope), placed into the target bronchial lumen, and used to size the target bronchial lumen prior to the insertion of thedelivery catheter 110 with thebronchial isolation device 115 loaded into the distal end of the catheter. In this way, the appropriate size ofbronchial isolation device 115 would be chosen prior to opening any delivery catheter or bronchial isolation device packages. - The sizing
catheter 2300 can be designed to size bronchial lumens for just one size ofbronchial isolation device 115. In this situation, as with the sizingelement 925, thesizing element 2330 is mounted to the distal end of the sizingcatheter 2300, and is comprised of two sets of sizingextensions bronchial isolation device 115. Alternately, if there are two sizes ofbronchial isolation device 115, thesizing element 2330 can be comprised of three sets of sizingextensions 2350 as shown inFIG. 24 . The length X1 of the longest set ofextensions 2350 a correspond to the maximum diameter of the larger of the two sizes ofbronchial isolation devices 115. The length X3 of the shortest set ofextensions 2350 c correspond to the minimum diameter of the smaller of the two sizes ofbronchial isolation devices 115. The length X2 of the intermediate set ofextensions 2350 b corresponds to the transition diameter between the twobronchial isolation devices 115. If the lumen is larger in diameter than X2, then the larger of the two bronchial isolation devices is implanted, and if the lumen is smaller in diameter than X2, than the smaller of the two bronchial isolation devices is implanted. - If there are three different sizes of bronchial isolation devices, then the sizing
catheter 2300 can be manufactured with four sets of sizing extensions. The smaller of the two intermediate sets of extensions correspond to the transition diameter between the smallest and the intermediate size bronchial isolation device, and the larger of the two intermediate sets of extensions correspond to the transition diameter between the intermediate and the largest size bronchial isolation device. Of course, the number of sizingextensions 2350 could be increased appropriately as the number of bronchial isolation device sizes increases, however at some point it would become impractical to add additional sizing extensions to the catheter. - More than one size of sizing catheter can be manufactured to solve this problem with each one covering the size range of a different set of bronchial isolation devices. For example, one sizing catheter can be designed to size a small and a medium size of bronchial isolation device, and another sizing catheter designed to size the medium size and a large size of bronchial isolation devices. If there are four sizes of device, one sizing catheter can be designed to size the first and second size of bronchial isolation device, and a second sizing catheter can be designed to size the third and fourth size of bronchial isolation devices.
- An additional feature of the
sizing element 2330 is shown inFIG. 25 . A bronchial lumendepth measuring extension 2360 comprising an elongate post extends beyond the sizingelements 2350 along the axis of theshaft 2320. The length of thedepth measuring element 2360 is “Y” and this corresponds to the length of the portion of thebronchial isolation device 115 that contacts the bronchial lumen wall when the bronchial isolation device is positioned in the bronchial passageway. By placing the distal tip of thedepth measuring element 2360 against the distal end of the target bronchial lumen (this is often the tip of the carina of the next more distal bifurcation), the operator can visualize the location of thesizing elements 2350. If the sizing elements are proximal of the proximal end of the target bronchial lumen, than the device is too long for the target bronchial lumen. If the sizing elements are distal to the proximal end of the target bronchial lumen, than the device will not be too long for the bronchial lumen. - As mentioned previously, the
sizing element 2330 can be constructed of a flexible material that would allow thesizing extensions 2350 to fold back against theshaft 2320 in order to allow thesizing catheter 2300 to be inserted through the working channel of a bronchoscope or other endoscope for sizing, and then removed. The extensions can be formed of a flexible metal such as stainless steel or nitinol, or of a polymer such as thermo plastic elastomer. - The
handle 2310 can be made of any appropriate material such as metal or plastic, and is preferably made with texture or ribs on the surface to allow it to be easily gripped with a gloved hand. Theflexible shaft 2320 is desirably flexible enough to allow it to pass through the working channel of an articulated bronchoscope or other endoscope. Theshaft 2320 is also desirably stiff enough under compressive and tensile loads so that it may be pushed through the endoscope working channel and later pulled to remove it. It is also desirably stiff enough in torsion so that thesizing element 2330 rotates in concert with rotation of thehandle 2310 without undo “windup” of the shaft. - To achieve the aforementioned features, there are a number of different possible construction techniques for the flexible shaft. The shaft can be constructed from a solid flexible material such nylon or other polymer, or metal such as nitinol or stainless steel. It may be formed by coiling or braiding metal wire such as stainless steel or nitinol to form a shaft. It may be formed of a composition of two or more materials such as a braided wire shaft fused with a polymer tube. One composition that works particularly well is a solid PTFE (PolyTetraFluoroEthylene) core covered with a co-extrusion of nylon. Stainless steel wire is then braided on top of this core and a tubular polyether block amide (Pebax) extrusion is then fused over the wire so that the Pebax melts through the stainless steel wire and fuses to the nylon layer. This results in a very flexible shaft that transmits torque well to the
sizing element 2330, and is stiff along the shaft length to allow the catheter to pushed through the endoscope working channel without kinking. - An optional feature of the sizing
catheter 2300 is shown inFIG. 26 . The distal end of thehandle 2310 has a hole, indentation or cavity that is sized to fit or receive thedepth measuring element 2360. In order to package the sizingcatheter 2300, the catheter can be coiled and thedepth measuring element 2360 inserted into the hole in thehandle 2310 to both keep the catheter coiled and to protect thesizing element 2330 from damage. Thehandle 2310 may also have a raisedrim 2370 that acts to protect thesizing extensions 2350 from damage. - In use, the
bronchial isolation device 115 is first inserted into thehousing 850. Thebronchial isolation device 115 can be inserted into the housing according to various methods and devices, some of which are described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/270,792, entitled “Bronchial Flow Control Devices and Methods of Use”, which is assigned to Emphasys Medical, Inc., the assignee of the instant application. After thebronchial isolation device 115 is inserted into the housing, the distal end of thedelivery catheter 110 is deployed into a bronchial passageway via the trachea such that thehousing 850 is located at or near the target location in the bronchial passageway, as shown inFIG. 11A . Once thedelivery catheter 110 and the attachedbronchial isolation device 115 are located at the target location, an operator can eject thebronchial isolation device 115 from thehousing 850 into the bronchial passageway. - This process is described with reference to
FIGS. 11A and 11B .FIG. 11A shows a cross-sectional view of abronchial passageway 1110 with the delivercatheter 110 positioned therein. The distal end of thedelivery catheter 110, including thehousing 850, is located at or near the target location L. Once the catheter is positioned as such, an operator actuates the catheter handle 830 to slidably move theouter catheter member 820 in a proximal direction relative to the location L, while maintaining the location of thebronchial isolation device 115,inner shaft 825, andflange 910 fixed with respect to the location L. The proximal movement of theouter shaft 820 causes the attachedhousing 850 to also move in a proximal direction, while theflange 910 prevents thebronchial isolation device 115 from moving in the proximal direction. This results in thehousing 850 sliding away from engagement with thebronchial isolation device 115 so that thebronchial isolation device 115 is eventually entirely released from thehousing 850 and implanted in the bronchial passageway at the target location L, as shown inFIG. 11B . - During actuation of the
actuation handle 830, theouter shaft 820 can undergo tension and theinner shaft 825 undergo compression due to the relative movement of the shafts and possible friction against the proximal movement of theouter shaft 820. This can result in an axial shortening of theinner shaft 825 and an axial lengthening of theouter shaft 820. In order to compensate for this and to allow thedevice 115 to be fully ejected from thehousing 850, theflange 910 can be configured to over-travel a distance Y beyond the distal end of thehousing 850, as shown inFIG. 11B . The over-travel of theflange 910 beyond the housing's distal end can create a potential problem during withdrawal of thedelivery catheter 110, particularly in situations where thedelivery catheter 110 is deployed in a location that requires its distal end to bend at an acute angle.FIG. 12 shows such a situation, where thebronchial isolation device 115 is deployed at a location in thebronchial tree 220 that requires thedelivery catheter 110 to bend at an acute angle with theflange 910 withdrawn entirely from thehousing 850. In such situations, theflange 910 can catch on the tissue of the bronchial wall at alocation 1210 inside the bend as the operator pulls thecatheter 110 out of the bronchial passageway. This can make it difficult for an operator to remove thedelivery catheter 110 from the bronchial passageway and can risk possible damage to the tissue if the operator continues to pull while the flange is caught on the bend. - This problem can be overcome by limiting the travel of the
flange 910 relative to thehousing 850 such that theflange 910 cannot move outward of the distal end of thehousing 850. One way this can be accomplished is by limiting the travel of theinner shaft 825 at the distal end of thecatheter 110.FIG. 13 shows a cross-sectional view of the distal region of the catheter, showing theinner shaft 825 axially disposed in theouter shaft 820. As mentioned, theflange 910 is attached to theinner shaft 825 and thehousing 850 is attached to theouter shaft 820. Theinner shaft 825 has astep 1405 and thehousing 850 orouter shaft 820 has a stop orledge 1410. Thestep 1405 is spaced from theledge 1410 when theflange 910 is fully withdrawn in thehousing 850. As theouter shaft 820 moves in the proximal direction, thestep 1405 eventually abuts theledge 1410, which acts as a stop to limit any further proximal movement of theouter shaft 820 relative to theinner shaft 825. As shown inFIG. 14 , theflange 910 is positioned just at the distal end of thehousing 850 when the stop position is reached. Thus, theflange 910 andhousing 850 have a relative range of travel therebetween. - In one embodiment, the
flange 910 is limited from being distally positioned at all past a distal edge of the housing. In another embodiment, theflange 910 can be distally positioned past the distal end of the housing only to the extent that the flange will not catch onto tissue during withdrawal of the delivery catheter. Thus, referring toFIG. 11B , the distance Y is sufficiently small to prevent or greatly reduce the likelihood of bronchial wall tissue being caught or pinched between theflange 910 and thehousing 850 during withdrawal of thedelivery catheter 110. This eliminates the possibility of theflange 910 catching or lodging on the bronchial tissue during removal of thedelivery catheter 110. - Actuation Handle. There is now described an actuation handle for the delivery catheter that can be used to slide the outer shaft 820 (and the attached housing 850) relative to the
inner shaft 825 while maintaining theinner shaft 825 stationary relative to the handle.FIG. 15 shows a side view of anactuation handle 1510. In the illustrated embodiment, theactuation handle 1510 has an elongate shape suitable for grasping within an operator's hand. It should be appreciated, however, that the shape of theactuation handle 1510 can vary. Theactuation handle 1510 includes an actuation member, such as aslidable actuation slider 1515, that can be actuated to slide theouter shaft 820 relative to the inner shaft 825 (the inner shaft is not shown inFIG. 15 ) during ejection of thebronchial isolation device 115. The actuation member can be positioned on thehandle 1510 such that an operator can grasp the handle with a single hand and also move the actuation member using a finger or thumb of the same hand. For example, in the embodiment shown inFIG. 15 , theslider 1515 is positioned along the side of theactuation handle 1510 so that the operator's thumb can be used to move theslider 1515. Other configurations can be used. -
FIG. 16 shows a cross-sectional view of theactuation handle 1510, which includes an actuation system for moving the outer shaft relative to the handle. In one embodiment, the actuation system comprises a rack and pinion system for effecting movement of theouter shaft 820 relative to theinner shaft 825. Theactuation slider 1515 is coupled to the actuation system. Theactuation slider 1515 is slidably positioned inside anelongate slot 1605 in theactuation handle 1510. A distal end of theactuation slider 1515 abuts or is attached to afirst rack 1610 that is also slidably mounted in theelongate slot 1605. Thefirst rack 1610 has a first edge with teeth that mesh with corresponding teeth on afirst pinion 1615. Thefirst pinion 1615 is engaged with asecond pinion 1620 having teeth that mesh with asecond rack 1625 mounted in anelongate slot 1628. Thesecond rack 1625 is attached to theouter shaft 820 of thedelivery catheter 110 such that movement of thesecond rack 1625 corresponds to movement of theouter shaft 820. That is, when the second rack slidably moves in the proximal direction or distal direction, theouter shaft 820 also moves in the proximal or distal direction, respectively. Theinner shaft 825 is fixedly attached to thehandle 1510, such as by using adhesive or through a friction fit. The first rack, second rack, first pinion, and second pinion collectively form a rack and pinion system that can be used to transfer distal movement of theactuation slider 1515 to proximal movement of theouter shaft 820 while theinner shaft 825 remains stationary relative to thehandle 1510, as described below. - The
actuation slider 1515 can be positioned in an initial position, as shown inFIG. 16 . When theactuation slider 1515 is in the initial position, theflange 910 is fully withdrawn inside the housing 950 (as shown inFIG. 13 ). In one embodiment, theactuation slider 1515 is at the proximal end of the handle when in the initial position, although it should be appreciated that the initial position can vary. When theactuation slider 1515 slidably moves in the distal direction (represented by thearrow 1630 inFIG. 16 ) from the initial position, the rack and pinion system causes theouter shaft 820 to slidably move in the proximal direction (represented by thearrow 1635 inFIG. 16 ), and vice-versa, while theinner shaft 825 remains stationary relative to the handle. More specifically, movement of theactuation slider 1515 in thedistal direction 1630 moves therack 1610 in the distal direction, which drives thefirst pinion 1615 and which, in turn, drives thesecond pinion 1620. The gearing between thesecond pinion 1620 and thesecond rack 1625 causes thesecond rack 1625 to move in theproximal direction 1635 through theslot 1628. As mentioned, thesecond rack 1625 is attached to theouter shaft 820 so that theouter shaft 820 moves in theproximal direction 1635 along with thesecond rack 1625. During such movement, a distal region of theouter shaft 820 slides into thehandle 1510. While this occurs, the inner catheter 825 (which is fixed to the handle 1510) remains stationary relative to thehandle 1510 while theouter shaft 820 moves. Thus, when the operator moves theslider 1515 in thedistal direction 1630, the outer shaft 820 (and the attached housing 850) slides in the proximal direction, with theinner shaft 820 andflange 910 remaining stationary relative to the handle. The handle can be fixed relative to the patient such that the handle, inner shaft, flange and bronchial isolation device remain fixed relative to the patient during ejection of the bronchial isolation device from the housing. - The gear ratio between the
first pinion 1615 andsecond pinion 1620 can be varied to result in a desired ratio of movement between theactuation slider 1515 and theouter catheter 820. For example, thefirst pinion 1615 can have a larger diameter than thesecond pinion 1620 so that the outer shaft 820 (and the attached housing 850) are withdrawn in the proximal direction at a slower rate than theactuation slider 1515 is advanced in the distal direction. The gear ratio can also be varied to reduce the force required to move theactuation slider 1515 and thereby make it easier for an operator to control ejection of thebronchial isolation device 115 from thehousing 850. The ratio between the pinions can be altered to make the withdrawal of the outer shaft faster, slower, or the same speed as the actuation slider movement. In one embodiment, the rack and pinion system is configured such that a 2:1 force reduction occurs such that the actuator slider moves about twice the distance that theouter shaft 820 is moved. For example, if the slider is moved an inch in the distal direction, then the outer shaft and the attached housing moves about half an inch in the proximal direction, and vice-versa. - The
handle 1510 can include a safety lock that retains the actuation slider 1515 (or any other type of actuation member) in the initial position until the operator applies a force to the actuation slider sufficient to disengage the safety lock. The safety lock prevents inadvertent deployment of the bronchial isolation device either by inadvertent movement of the actuation slider in the distal direction or by inadvertent movement of theouter shaft 820 in the proximal direction relative to the handle. Inadvertent proximal movement of theouter shaft 820 can possibly occur when thedelivery catheter 110 is being advanced into the patient's trachea, which can cause resistance to be applied to theouter shaft 820 by an anesthesia adaptor valve, endrotracheal tube, or the lung. - In one embodiment, the safety lock comprises one or more magnets positioned in the
actuation handle 1510.FIG. 17 shows a partial, cross-sectional view of the proximal end of thehandle 1510 with theactuation slider 1515 positioned distally of the initial position. Afirst magnet 1710 is located on thehandle 1510 near the initial location of theactuation slider 1515. Asecond magnet 1715 is located on or in theactuation slider 1515. Themagnets actuation slider 1515 is in the initial position, the magnetic force between themagnets actuation slider 1515 in the initial position until the operator applies a force to theslider 1515 sufficient to overcome the magnetic force and move theslider 1515 out of the initial position. - It should be appreciated that configurations other than magnets can be employed as the safety lock. One advantage of magnets is that the attractive force between the
magnets housing 850, theactuation slider 1515 is driven back toward the initial position as the bronchial isolation device is loaded into thehousing 850. The magnetic attraction between the first andsecond magnets actuation slider 1515 moves into the initial position. - The safety lock can include an additional feature wherein the operator must depress the
actuation slider 1515 in order to disengage the slider from the initial position. As shown inFIG. 17 , theslot 1605 in theactuation handle 1510 has anopening 1712. Theactuation slider 1515 moves outward and sits in theopening 1712 when in the initial position. The operator must depress theslider 1515 to move theactuation slider 1515 out of the opening in order to disengage the slider from the initial position and slide theactuation slider 1515 in the distal direction. - Adjustment of Handle Position Relative to Bronchoscope. As discussed above, according to the transcopic delivery method, the bronchoscope 120 (shown in
FIGS. 1 , 6, 7) is used in deploying thedelivery catheter 110 into the bronchial passageway. Pursuant to this method, thedelivery catheter 110 is inserted into the workingchannel 710 of thebronchoscope 120 such that the delivery catheter's distal end is aligned with or protrudes from the distal end of thebronchoscope 120. Thebronchoscope 120, with thedelivery catheter 110 positioned as such, is then inserted into the bronchial passageway via the patient's trachea such that the distal end of the delivery catheter is positioned at a desired location in the bronchial passageway, as shown inFIG. 1 . It should be appreciated that thedelivery catheter 110 can be inserted into thebronchoscope 120 either before or after the bronchoscope has been inserted into the bronchial passageway. -
FIG. 18 shows an enlarged view of the distal region of thebronchoscope 120 with the delivery catheter's distal end (including the housing 850) protruding outward from the workingchannel 710. Thebronchial isolation device 115 is positioned within thehousing 850. Thebronchial isolation device 115 is a distance D from the distal end of thebronchoscope 120. Once the bronchoscope and delivery catheter are in the patient, the operator may desire to adjust the distance D to fine tune the location of thebronchial isolation device 115. However, it can also be desirable or even required to hold theactuation handle 1510, and thus theinner shaft 825, stationary relative to thebronchoscope 120. This way, thebronchoscope 120 can be fixed relative to the patient's body, thereby keeping thebronchial isolation device 115 fixed relative to the target location in the bronchial passageway. -
FIG. 19 shows another embodiment of the actuation handle, referred to asactuation handle 1910, that can be used for transcopic delivery and that can be fixed relative to a bronchoscope while also allowing for adjustments in the distance D ofFIG. 18 once the delivery device is positioned in the bronchoscope. Theactuation handle 1910 includes an actuation member in the form of abutton 1915 that can be depressed in the distal direction to move theouter shaft 820 of the delivery catheter in the proximal direction. The handle includes an adjustment mechanism that is used to adjust the position of the handle relative to the bronchoscope. The adjustment mechanism comprises anelongated bronchoscope mount 1920 that extends outwardly from the distal end of theactuation handle 1910 and extends at least partially over the catheterouter shaft 820 such that the outer shaft can slide freely within thebronchoscope mount 1920. Thebronchoscope mount 1920 extends outward from the handle a distance A. Thebronchoscope mount 1920 is slidably moveable into or out of thehandle 1910 such that it can be pushed into or pulled out of thehandle 1910 along the axis of themount 1920 in order to adjust the distance A. In one embodiment thebronchoscope mount 1920 is biased outward, for example with a spring, so that its tendency is to be fully extended outward from thehandle 1910. A locking mechanism includes a lock, such as alever 1925, that can be depressed to lock thebronchoscope mount 1920 relative to thehandle 1910 when the distance A is adjusted to a desired amount, as described below. Once the distance A is at a desired amount, the operator can lock thebronchoscope mount 1920 relative to the handle to fix thebronchoscope mount 1920 relative to thehandle 1910. - With reference to
FIG. 20 , thebronchoscope mount 1920 has a size and shape that is configured to sit within theentry port 135 of the bronchoscope working channel. In use, an operator can insert thebronchoscope mount 1920 into theentry port 135 such that it abuts and sits within theentry port 135. In this manner, theactuation handle 1910 is fixed relative to thebronchoscope 120 with the catheter's distal end protruding a distance D from the bronchoscope's distal end (as shown inFIG. 20 ). The operator can then adjust the distance A by moving thebronchoscope mount 1920 into or out of thehandle 1910, such as by pushing on thehandle 1910 to decrease the distance A. By virtue of the outer and inner catheter shafts' attachment to the handle, adjustments in the distance A will correspond to adjustments in D. That is, as the operator decreases the distance A (FIG. 20 ), the catheter slides deeper into the bronchoscope so that the distance D (FIG. 18 ) increases, and vice-versa. - Once the desired distance A has been achieved, the
bronchoscope mount 1920 is locked by depressing thelever 1925. Thus, by adjusting the distance A, the operator also adjusts the distance D (shown inFIG. 18 ) between the distal end of thebronchoscope 120 and thebronchial isolation device 115. This can be helpful where different brands or types of bronchoscopes have different length working channels. It also allows the operator to fine-tune the position of thehousing 850 and bronchial isolation device in the bronchial passageway without moving the bronchoscope. Other mechanisms for locking the movement of thebronchoscope mount 1920 are possible such as depressing and holding thelever 1925 to release the movement of thebronchoscope mount 1920, repositioning thebronchoscope mount 1920, and releasing thelever 1925 to lock thebronchoscope mount 1920 in place. - Catheter Sheath. As discussed above, during use of the
delivery catheter 110 it can be desirable to fix the location of the inner shaft 825 (and thus the bronchial isolation device in the housing 850) relative to the patient's body while proximally withdrawing theouter shaft 820 and thehousing 850 relative to the bronchial passageway to eject the bronchial isolation device, as shown inFIGS. 11A and 11B . Given that theouter shaft 820 moves proximally relative to the bronchial passageway during the foregoing process, theouter shaft 820 can encounter resistance to proximal movement due to friction with devices or body passageways in which the delivery device is positioned. For example, the outer surface of theouter shaft 820 can encounter frictional resistance against an anesthesia adaptor through which the outer shaft is inserted. The anesthesia adapter is a fitting that permits the bronchoscope and delivery catheter to be inserted into the lung without leakage of ventilated oxygen, anesthesia gases, or other airway gases. The adapter typically has a valve through which the delivery catheter or bronchoscope is inserted. The valve seals against the outer surface of theouter shaft 820 to prevent air leaks. This seal can provide resistance against proximal movement of theouter shaft 820 during ejection of the bronchial isolation device from thehousing 850. Such resistance to proximal movement of theouter shaft 820 is undesirable, as it can result in thebronchial isolation device 115 being deployed in a location distal of the target location in the bronchial passageway. -
FIG. 21 shows an embodiment of thedelivery catheter 110, which includes adeployment sheath 2110 that reduces or eliminates the resistance to proximal movement of the catheterouter shaft 820 during ejection of thebronchial isolation device 115. Thedeployment sheath 2110 is a sheath having an internal lumen in which theouter shaft 820 is slidably positioned. Thesheath 2110 is fixed at aproximal end 2112 to theactuation handle 815.FIG. 21 shows theactuation handle 815, although thesheath 2110 can be used with any type of handle. Furthermore, it should be appreciated that thesheath 2110 is not limited to use with delivery catheters that deploy bronchial isolation devices, but can rather be used with various types of catheters. For example, the sheath configuration can be used in combination with catheters suitable for use in venous, arterial, urinary, billiary, or other body passageways. Thesheath 2110 extends over the outer shaft 820 a distance X. The distance X can vary. In one embodiment, the distance X is long enough to extend to locations where the outer shaft is likely to encounter frictional resistance to movement, such as at the anesthesia adapter, if present. However, when used with a delivery catheter having ahousing 850, the distance X is such that the distal end of the sheath does not interfere with thehousing 850 being fully withdrawn in the proximal direction. - The
sheath 2110 can have a very thin wall to minimize its contribution to the overall diameter of thedelivery catheter 110. In one embodiment, thesheath 2110 has a wall thickness in the range of approximately 0.002 inches to approximately 0.004 inches. Thesheath 2110 is manufactured of a material that is lubricous to minimize resistance to theouter shaft 820 sliding inside thesheath 2110. The sheath material also has a stiffness that resists crumpling when a compressive load is placed along the length of the sheath (such as when the sheath is possibly pinched or grabbed to fix its position relative to the anesthesia adapter during ejection of the catheter from the housing, as described below). The compressive forces can come from the possibility that the outer shaft is pinched when the sheath is pinched, and thus when the handle is actuated and the outer shaft starts to move towards the handle, the sheath is compressed]. Thesheath 2110 can be manufactured of various materials, such as, for example, polyimide, Teflon doped polyimide, PolyEtherEtherKetone (PEEK), etc. - In use, the
delivery catheter 110 is positioned in the patient's lung through the trachea, such as described above. This can involve thedelivery catheter 110 being positioned through a device such as a bronchoscope or through ananesthesia adapter 2210, such as shown in the partial view ofFIG. 22 . Thesheath 2110 is located between theanesthesia adapter 2210 and the outer shaft 820 (not shown inFIG. 22 ) such that thesheath 2110 provides a lubricous shield between theouter shaft 820 and the anesthesia adapter. Thus, theouter shaft 820 can be proximally moved using the actuation handle without theouter shaft 820 encountering frictional resistance from contact with the anesthesia adapter (or any other object or device in which the sheath and outer shaft are positioned). If desired, the operator can grab or pinch the catheter 110 (as represented by thearrows 2215 inFIG. 22 ) through thesheath 2110 at the entrance of theanesthesia adapter 2210 to fix the location of the sheath 2110 (and thus the location of the handle and the inner shaft) relative to the patient and/or anesthesia adaptor. As thesheath 2110 is made of a relatively rigid and lubricous material, theouter shaft 820 is free to slide through the sheath in the proximal direction as the sheath is grabbed. - Although embodiments of various methods and devices are described herein in detail with reference to certain versions, it should be appreciated that other versions, embodiments, methods of use, and combinations thereof are also possible. Therefore the spirit and scope of the appended claims should not be limited to the description of the embodiments contained herein.
Claims (10)
1. (canceled)
2. A method for delivering a bronchial isolation device into a pulmonary airway, the device comprising:
advancing a delivery catheter through a bronchoscope so that a distal portion of the delivery catheter extends out of a distal opening in the bronchoscope and into the airway, wherein the bronchial isolation device is housed in the distal portion of the delivery catheter;
positioning sizing elements extending radially outward from the distal portion of the delivery catheter at or near a target location in the airway for delivering the bronchial isolation device;
visualizing with the bronchoscope whether a larger-diameter sizing element on the delivery catheter is contacting a wall of the airway in the target location and a smaller-diameter sizing element is not contacting the wall of the airway; and
delivering the bronchial isolation device at the target location if the larger-diameter sizing element is contacting the wall of the airway and the smaller-diameter sizing element is not contacting the wall.
3. A method as in claim 1 , further comprising:
removing the delivery catheter without delivering the bronchial isolation device if neither the larger-diameter nor the smaller-diameter sizing element contacts the airway wall;
advancing a second delivery catheter with a larger-diameter bronchial isolation device through the bronchoscope;
repeating the positioning and visualizing steps using the second delivery catheter; and
delivering the larger-diameter bronchial isolation device at the target location.
4. A method as in claim 1 , further comprising:
removing the delivery catheter without delivering the bronchial isolation device if both the larger-diameter and the smaller-diameter sizing element contact the airway wall;
advancing a second delivery catheter with a smaller-diameter bronchial isolation device through the bronchoscope;
repeating the positioning and visualizing steps using the second delivery catheter; and
delivering the smaller-diameter bronchial isolation device at the target location.
5. A method as in claim 1 , wherein positioning the sizing elements comprises positioning two longer extensions positioned opposite one another on the delivery catheter and two shorter extensions positioned opposite one another on the delivery catheter.
6. A method as in claim 1 , wherein the positioning step comprises placing a distal tip of the delivery catheter at a distal end of the airway targeted for delivery of the bronchial isolation device, the method further comprising visualizing with the bronchoscope a position of the sizing elements relative to the targeted airway.
7. A method as in claim 6 , wherein the distal portion of the delivery catheter comprises a bronchial lumen depth measuring extension.
8. A method as in claim 6 , wherein placing the distal tip comprises contacting the tip with a tip of a carina of a next more distal airway bifurcation.
9. A method for delivering a bronchial isolation device into a pulmonary airway, the device comprising:
advancing a sizing catheter through a bronchoscope so that a distal portion of the sizing catheter extends out of a distal opening in the bronchoscope and into the airway;
positioning sizing elements extending radially outward from the distal portion of the sizing catheter at or near a target location in the airway for delivering the bronchial isolation device;
visualizing with the bronchoscope a larger-diameter sizing element on the sizing catheter contacting a wall of the airway in the target location and a smaller-diameter sizing element not contacting the wall of the airway;
removing the sizing catheter from the bronchoscope;
advancing a delivery catheter housing the bronchial isolation device sized according to diameters of the larger- and smaller-diameter sizing elements through the bronchoscope to the target location; and
delivering the bronchial isolation device at the target location.
10. A method as in claim 10 , wherein advancing the delivery catheter comprises advancing the catheter until a distal tip of the catheter contacts a tip of a carina of a next more distal airway bifurcation, the method further comprising confirming that the bronchial isolation device has a desired length by visualizing a position of the sizing elements relative to the target location in the airway.
Priority Applications (1)
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US12/885,250 US20110092767A1 (en) | 2002-11-27 | 2010-09-17 | Delivery methods and devices for implantable bronchial isolation devices |
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US10/723,273 US7717115B2 (en) | 2002-11-27 | 2003-11-25 | Delivery methods and devices for implantable bronchial isolation devices |
US11/174,040 US7814912B2 (en) | 2002-11-27 | 2005-06-29 | Delivery methods and devices for implantable bronchial isolation devices |
US12/885,250 US20110092767A1 (en) | 2002-11-27 | 2010-09-17 | Delivery methods and devices for implantable bronchial isolation devices |
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US12/885,250 Abandoned US20110092767A1 (en) | 2002-11-27 | 2010-09-17 | Delivery methods and devices for implantable bronchial isolation devices |
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