US20110226782A1 - Gas temperature moderation within compressed gas vessel through heat exchanger - Google Patents
Gas temperature moderation within compressed gas vessel through heat exchanger Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20110226782A1 US20110226782A1 US12/725,874 US72587410A US2011226782A1 US 20110226782 A1 US20110226782 A1 US 20110226782A1 US 72587410 A US72587410 A US 72587410A US 2011226782 A1 US2011226782 A1 US 2011226782A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- vessel
- adapter
- cavity
- inner shell
- thermally coupled
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
- H01M8/04208—Cartridges, cryogenic media or cryogenic reservoirs
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/01—Shape
- F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
- F17C2201/0119—Shape cylindrical with flat end-piece
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/05—Size
- F17C2201/056—Small (<1 m3)
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/05—Size
- F17C2201/058—Size portable (<30 l)
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
- F17C2203/0604—Liners
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
- F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
- F17C2203/0614—Single wall
- F17C2203/0619—Single wall with two layers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
- F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
- F17C2203/066—Plastics
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
- F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
- F17C2203/0663—Synthetics in form of fibers or filaments
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
- F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
- F17C2205/0305—Bosses, e.g. boss collars
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
- F17C2205/0388—Arrangement of valves, regulators, filters
- F17C2205/0394—Arrangement of valves, regulators, filters in direct contact with the pressure vessel
- F17C2205/0397—Arrangement of valves, regulators, filters in direct contact with the pressure vessel on both sides of the pressure vessel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
- F17C2221/011—Oxygen
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
- F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0107—Single phase
- F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2223/036—Very high pressure (>80 bar)
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
- F17C2260/02—Improving properties related to fluid or fluid transfer
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
- F17C2260/02—Improving properties related to fluid or fluid transfer
- F17C2260/023—Avoiding overheating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
- F17C2260/02—Improving properties related to fluid or fluid transfer
- F17C2260/025—Reducing transfer time
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
- F17C2270/0184—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the invention relates generally to a compressed gas container and, more particularly, to a compressed gas container for storing hydrogen gas on a vehicle for a fuel cell, wherein the container includes an inner heat exchange structure to militate against temperature fluctuations while the container is being filled with compressed gas, and while compressed gas is being extracted from the container.
- Hydrogen is a very attractive source of fuel because it is clean and can be used to efficiently produce electricity in a fuel cell.
- the automotive industry expends significant resources in the development of hydrogen fuel cells as a source of power for vehicles. Such vehicles would be more efficient and generate fewer emissions than vehicles employing internal combustion engines.
- a hydrogen fuel cell is an electro-chemical device that includes an anode and a cathode with an electrolyte therebetween.
- the anode receives hydrogen gas and the cathode receives oxygen.
- the hydrogen gas is ionized in the anode to generate free hydrogen ions and electrons.
- the hydrogen ions pass through the electrolyte to the cathode, and react with the oxygen and electrons in the cathode to generate water as a bi-product.
- the electrons from the anode cannot pass through the electrolyte, and are directed through a load to perform work before being sent to the cathode.
- the work acts to operate the vehicle or systems on the vehicle. Many fuel cells are combined in a stack to generate sufficient power to drive a motor vehicle.
- a fuel cell can include a processor that converts a liquid fuel such as alcohols (methanol or ethanol), hydrocarbons (gasoline), and/or mixtures thereof such as blends of ethanol/methanol and gasoline, to hydrogen gas for the fuel cell.
- a liquid fuel such as alcohols (methanol or ethanol), hydrocarbons (gasoline), and/or mixtures thereof such as blends of ethanol/methanol and gasoline.
- Such liquid fuels are easy to store on the vehicle. Further, there is a nationwide infrastructure for supplying liquid fuels.
- Gaseous hydrocarbons such as methane, propane, natural gas, LPG and, etc., are also suitable fuels for both vehicle and non-vehicle fuel cell applications.
- Various processors are known in the art for converting the liquid fuel to gaseous hydrogen suitable for the fuel cell.
- hydrogen gas can be processed separate from the vehicle and stored at filling stations and the like.
- the hydrogen gas is transferred from the filling station to pressurized tanks or containers on the vehicle to supply the desired hydrogen gas to the fuel cell as needed.
- Typical pressures within compressed hydrogen gas containers for fuel cell applications are in the range of 200 bar-700 bar (2900-10,150 psi).
- a type 4 tank includes an outer structural layer made of synthetic material, such as a glass fiber or a carbon fiber wrap, and an inner plastic liner.
- the outer layer provides the structural integrity of the tank for the pressure contained therein, while the plastic liner provides a gas impermeable vessel for sealing the gas therein.
- the plastic liner is first formed by a molding process, after which the fiber wrap is formed around the liner and adhered thereto.
- FIG. 1 shows a compressed gas vessel 10 currently contemplated in the industry to store compressed hydrogen gas on a vehicle for fuel cells.
- the vessel 10 is cylindrical in shape to provide the desired structural integrity, and includes an outer structural wall 12 and an inner liner 14 defining a container chamber 16 therein.
- the outer wall 12 is typically made of a suitable fibrous interconnected synthetic wrap such as filament wound glass or carbon fiber wrap, and has a sufficient thickness to provide the desired mechanical rigidity for pressure containment.
- the liner 14 is typically made of a suitable high-density polymeric material such as polyethylene, PET, ethylene vinyl alcohol, or an ethylene vinyl acetate terpolymer, to provide a substantially hydrogen impermeable containment vessel within the vessel 10 .
- the thickness of the liner 14 is generally about 5 mm.
- the vessel 10 includes an adapter or boss 18 that provides the inlet and outlet openings for the hydrogen gas contained therein.
- the adapter 18 is typically a steel structure that houses the various valves, pressure regulators, piping connectors, excess flow limiters, and the like, that allow the vessel 10 to be filled with the compressed hydrogen gas, and allow the compressed gas to be discharged from the vessel 10 at or near ambient pressure, or at a desired pressure, to be sent to the fuel cell.
- the adapter 18 is typically made of steel to provide the structure desired for storing compressed hydrogen gas.
- the adapter 18 may be formed of any metal or metal alloy compatible with hydrogen that is suitable for the pressure levels within the vessel 10 .
- a suitable adhesive, sealing ring, or the like (not shown) is employed to seal the liner 14 to the adapter 18 in a gas tight manner, and secure the adapter 18 to the outer wall 12 .
- a fill gas 20 flows into the vessel 10 from one end 22 of the vessel 10 to an opposite end 24 of the vessel 10 and becomes contained gas 26 .
- the pressure in the vessel 10 increases. It is desirable that the temperature of the fill gas 20 is near ambient temperature (300 K., 27° C.) and be at a suitable pressure to fill the vessel 10 within a few minutes (less than three minutes).
- compression causes the contained gas 26 to be heated in response to the fill gas 20 being introduced therein under pressure.
- the heating of the contained gas 26 within the vessel 10 causes an undesirable temperature rise within the plastic liner 14 , which may affect the gas sealing ability of the liner 14 . Therefore, it is necessary to control the temperature of the contained gas 26 within the vessel 10 while the vessel 10 is being filled and thereafter.
- the gas temperature within the vessel is a limiting factor for the refueling time. It is not uncommon that the refueling has to be slowed down or interrupted because of the gas temperature in the vessel. This can even be the case if the fill gas 20 is pre-cooled at the filling station.
- Removal of gas from the vessel 10 results in the opposite problem, as illustrated in FIG. 2 to the right of the dashed line 30 .
- the temperature within the vessel drops significantly. If left alone, the temperature could fall below a minimum desired operation temperature of the vessel material or neighboring components.
- Known techniques to prevent too low of a temperature within the vessel include heaters applied to the vessel 10 or to the adapter 18 , or flow reductions of the extracted gas. Heaters consume energy produced by the fuel cell that otherwise would be used to operate the vehicle. Flow reductions of the extracted gas operate to limit the power output by the fuel cell, thereby affecting operation of the vehicle.
- a vessel comprises an inner shell formed from a moldable material and forming a cavity therein; an outer shell formed over the inner shell; and a heat transfer member integrated within the vessel, the heat transfer member thermally coupled to the environment to minimize the effect of thermal energy on the vessel.
- the heat transfer member may be a metallic sheet structure within the cavity, or may be integrated within the inner shell on an inner shell surface.
- the heat transfer member may be thermally coupled to a suitable external thermal mass for controlling the temperature of a fill gas.
- a vessel in another embodiment, comprises an inner shell formed from a moldable material and forming a cavity therein; an outer shell formed over the inner shell; and a heat transfer member integrated within the vessel, the heat transfer member thermally coupled to the environment to minimize the effect of thermal energy on the vessel.
- the heat transfer member may be a metallic sheet structure within the cavity, or may be integrated within the inner shell on an inner shell surface.
- the heat transfer structure is thermally coupled to an active external thermal system for controlling the temperature of fill gas.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional elevational view of a pressure vessel as known in the art
- FIG. 2 is a graphical representation of the relationship of pressure and temperature of a fill gas to time during a typical refueling/filling process and a typical extraction/driving process;
- FIG. 3 is schematic cross-sectional elevational view of a vessel according to an embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional elevational view of a vessel according to another embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 3 illustrates a hollow pressure vessel 110 having an outer structural wall 112 and an inner liner 114 defining a vessel chamber 116 therein.
- the vessel 110 has a substantially cylindrical shape and is adapted to hold a pressurized fluid 126 .
- the vessel 110 may have any shape as desired, and the vessel 110 may include additional layers such as a barrier layer, a foil layer, a porous permeation layer, and the like, as desired, similar to those disclosed in commonly-owned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/847,007 and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/956,863, both hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
- the pressurized fluid 126 may be any fluid such as hydrogen gas and oxygen gas, a liquid, and both a liquid and gas, for example.
- the inner liner 114 of the vessel 110 is a hollow container adapted to store the pressurized fluid 126 .
- the inner liner 114 is formed from a layer of polymer material, but the inner liner 114 may be formed from multiple layers, as desired.
- the inner liner 114 may be formed by blow molding, extrusion blow molding, rotational molding, or any other suitable process.
- the inner liner 114 has a substantially cylindrical shape.
- the inner liner 114 may have any shape, as desired.
- the inner liner 114 may be formed from a plastic such as polyethylene, PET, ethylene vinyl alcohol, or an ethylene vinyl acetate terpolymer.
- the inner liner 114 may also be formed from other moldable materials such as a metal, a glass, and the like, chosen to minimize escape or diffusion of the pressurized fluid 126 .
- the outer structural wall 112 of the vessel 110 is disposed on the inner liner 114 .
- the outer structural wall 112 has a substantially cylindrical shape, and substantially abuts the inner liner 114 to provide structural support for the vessel 110 , allowing the vessel 110 to withstand high pressures.
- the outer structural wall 112 may be formed from any moldable material such as a metal and plastic, for example, or the outer structural wall 112 may be formed with a filament winding process or other process. If the outer structural wall 112 is formed by a filament winding process, the outer structural wall 112 may be formed from a carbon fiber, glass fiber, a composite fiber, a fiber having a resin coating, and the like, for example.
- the material used to form the outer structural wall 112 may be selected based on the process used to affix the outer structural wall 112 to the inner liner 114 , the use of the vessel 110 , and the properties of the fluid to be stored in the vessel 110 .
- the vessel 110 includes an adapter 118 attached at a vessel first end 122 that provides the inlet and outlet opening for the pressurized fluid 126 contained therein.
- the adapter 118 is typically a steel structure that houses the various valves, pressure regulators, piping connectors, access flow limiter's, etc., that allow the vessel 110 to be filled with the fill gas 120 that becomes the pressurized fluid 126 , and allow the pressurized fluid 126 to be discharged from the vessel 110 at or near ambient pressure, or any desired pressure, to be sent to the fuel cell.
- a suitable adhesive, sealing ring, or the like (not shown) is employed to seal the inner liner 114 to the adapter 118 in a gas tight manner as is known in the art.
- conventional means are used to secure the adapter 118 to the outer structural wall 112 of the hollow vessel 110 .
- a heat transfer member 130 is located within the hollow vessel 110 , and more specifically, within the inner liner 114 and within the vessel chamber 116 .
- the heat transfer member 130 shown in FIG. 3 is shown as a metallic structure within the vessel cavity or chamber 116 .
- the heat transfer member 130 may include a center support 132 and a plurality of fins or arms 134 integrally connected or thermally connected to the center support 132 .
- the center support 132 is thermally connected to the adapter 118 at a center support first end 136 .
- a center support second end 138 is thermally connected to a second adapter or boss 140 embedded within a vessel second end 124 .
- the fins 134 project outwardly from the center support 132 within the vessel chamber 116 .
- the fins 134 are sized and designed to extend sufficiently within the vessel cavity 116 to provide a desired thermal interaction with the pressurized fluid 126 .
- the fins 134 may also contact the inner surface 128 of the inner liner 114 .
- at least a portion 158 of the fins 134 are formed on the inner surface 128 of the inner line 114 .
- Both the adapter 118 and the boss 140 may act as heat sinks due to the thermal mass of each of the adapter 118 and the boss 140 . Additionally, one or both of the adapter 118 and the boss 140 may be thermally coupled to heat exchange structures 142 , 144 , respectively.
- the heat exchange structures 142 , 144 may comprise additional thermal masses 146 , 148 , respectively, such as valve blocks used to control the extraction of gases from the vessel 110 , or the like.
- the thermal masses 146 , 148 may be actively or passively cooled, and any heat removed by the thermal masses 146 , 148 may be stored or may be utilized to control the temperature of other areas of the gas extraction system, thereby enhancing the efficiency of the design.
- heat extracted and stored within the thermal masses 146 , 148 during a refueling event when the temperature of the pressurized fluid 126 rises, may be used to heat the gas 120 as it is extracted from the vessel 110 during operation of the fuel cell, or may be used to elevate the temperature of the pressurized fluid itself during extraction of the gas 120 from the vessel 110 .
- both the pressure 32 and the temperature 34 of the pressurized fluid 126 within the vessel rise.
- the heat produced during the fill process flows through the heat transfer member 130 , and is conducted from the fins 134 to the center support 132 , and from there into both the adapter 118 and the boss 140 .
- heat is extracted from the pressurized fluid 126 and conducted out of the vessel 110 , thereby controlling the temperature within the vessel 110 .
- the thermal mass of the adapter 118 and the boss 140 is sufficiently large, the temperature within the vessel 110 may be maintained below the desired point without a further heat sink.
- a suitable heat dissipating structure such as the thermal masses 146 , 148 could store the heat or transfer the heat to the environment, such as through external fins 160 , or through a radiator (not shown), or the like.
- the thermal masses 146 , 148 may be passively or actively heated and cooled. Passive thermal masses 146 , 148 may take the form of a large metallic mass, and may include fins 160 or other desired passive heat radiating structure.
- FIG. 4 a further embodiment of the invention including an active thermal handling system is described.
- like structures from FIG. 3 have the same reference numerals and are denoted with a prime ( 640 ) symbol.
- the adapter 118 ′ and the boss 140 ′ may include passages 150 , 152 , respectively, to allow a heat exchange fluid 154 to flow through the adapter 118 ′ and the boss 140 .
- the passages 150 , 152 , and hence the adapter 118 ′ and the boss 140 ′, are thermally coupled to thermal masses 146 ′, 148 ′ to allow heat from the vessel chamber 116 ′ to be stored or transferred to the environment.
- the passages 150 , 152 are coupled to the climate control system of a motor vehicle powered by the fuel cell.
- the heat transfer member 130 ′ may be heated or cooled by the heating and air-conditioning system of the motor vehicle.
- the heat exchange fluid 154 may be a fluid that undergoes a phase change as it is either heated or cooled. Such a phase changing fluid may further conduct heat from the adapter 118 ′ and the boss 140 ′ to thermal masses 146 ′, 148 ′, and from there to an exterior heat exchange structure 142 ′, 144 ′, such as fins 160 ′, a radiator (not shown) or the like. In this way, the heat transfer member 130 ′ within the vessel 110 ′ may be thermally coupled to any exterior heat exchanger, as desired.
Abstract
Description
- The invention relates generally to a compressed gas container and, more particularly, to a compressed gas container for storing hydrogen gas on a vehicle for a fuel cell, wherein the container includes an inner heat exchange structure to militate against temperature fluctuations while the container is being filled with compressed gas, and while compressed gas is being extracted from the container.
- Hydrogen is a very attractive source of fuel because it is clean and can be used to efficiently produce electricity in a fuel cell. The automotive industry expends significant resources in the development of hydrogen fuel cells as a source of power for vehicles. Such vehicles would be more efficient and generate fewer emissions than vehicles employing internal combustion engines.
- A hydrogen fuel cell is an electro-chemical device that includes an anode and a cathode with an electrolyte therebetween. The anode receives hydrogen gas and the cathode receives oxygen. The hydrogen gas is ionized in the anode to generate free hydrogen ions and electrons. The hydrogen ions pass through the electrolyte to the cathode, and react with the oxygen and electrons in the cathode to generate water as a bi-product. The electrons from the anode cannot pass through the electrolyte, and are directed through a load to perform work before being sent to the cathode. The work acts to operate the vehicle or systems on the vehicle. Many fuel cells are combined in a stack to generate sufficient power to drive a motor vehicle.
- A fuel cell can include a processor that converts a liquid fuel such as alcohols (methanol or ethanol), hydrocarbons (gasoline), and/or mixtures thereof such as blends of ethanol/methanol and gasoline, to hydrogen gas for the fuel cell. Such liquid fuels are easy to store on the vehicle. Further, there is a nationwide infrastructure for supplying liquid fuels. Gaseous hydrocarbons, such as methane, propane, natural gas, LPG and, etc., are also suitable fuels for both vehicle and non-vehicle fuel cell applications. Various processors are known in the art for converting the liquid fuel to gaseous hydrogen suitable for the fuel cell.
- Alternatively, hydrogen gas can be processed separate from the vehicle and stored at filling stations and the like. The hydrogen gas is transferred from the filling station to pressurized tanks or containers on the vehicle to supply the desired hydrogen gas to the fuel cell as needed. Typical pressures within compressed hydrogen gas containers for fuel cell applications are in the range of 200 bar-700 bar (2900-10,150 psi).
- Because of the high pressures involved, it is desirable for storage containers for compressed gases to have mechanical stability and integrity. It is also desirable to make hydrogen gas containers on vehicles lightweight so as not to significantly affect the weight requirements of the vehicle, or to improve performance, or both. The current trend in the industry is to employ type 4 compressed gas tanks for storing compressed hydrogen gas on the vehicle. A type 4 tank includes an outer structural layer made of synthetic material, such as a glass fiber or a carbon fiber wrap, and an inner plastic liner. The outer layer provides the structural integrity of the tank for the pressure contained therein, while the plastic liner provides a gas impermeable vessel for sealing the gas therein. Typically, the plastic liner is first formed by a molding process, after which the fiber wrap is formed around the liner and adhered thereto.
-
FIG. 1 shows acompressed gas vessel 10 currently contemplated in the industry to store compressed hydrogen gas on a vehicle for fuel cells. Thevessel 10 is cylindrical in shape to provide the desired structural integrity, and includes an outerstructural wall 12 and aninner liner 14 defining acontainer chamber 16 therein. Theouter wall 12 is typically made of a suitable fibrous interconnected synthetic wrap such as filament wound glass or carbon fiber wrap, and has a sufficient thickness to provide the desired mechanical rigidity for pressure containment. Theliner 14 is typically made of a suitable high-density polymeric material such as polyethylene, PET, ethylene vinyl alcohol, or an ethylene vinyl acetate terpolymer, to provide a substantially hydrogen impermeable containment vessel within thevessel 10. The thickness of theliner 14 is generally about 5 mm. Thus, the combination of theouter wall 12 and theliner 14 provides the desired structural integrity, pressure containment and gas tightness in a light-weight and cost effective manner. - The
vessel 10 includes an adapter orboss 18 that provides the inlet and outlet openings for the hydrogen gas contained therein. Theadapter 18 is typically a steel structure that houses the various valves, pressure regulators, piping connectors, excess flow limiters, and the like, that allow thevessel 10 to be filled with the compressed hydrogen gas, and allow the compressed gas to be discharged from thevessel 10 at or near ambient pressure, or at a desired pressure, to be sent to the fuel cell. Theadapter 18 is typically made of steel to provide the structure desired for storing compressed hydrogen gas. Theadapter 18 may be formed of any metal or metal alloy compatible with hydrogen that is suitable for the pressure levels within thevessel 10. A suitable adhesive, sealing ring, or the like (not shown) is employed to seal theliner 14 to theadapter 18 in a gas tight manner, and secure theadapter 18 to theouter wall 12. - During a vessel filling process, a
fill gas 20 flows into thevessel 10 from oneend 22 of thevessel 10 to anopposite end 24 of thevessel 10 and becomes containedgas 26. As the filling process proceeds, the pressure in thevessel 10 increases. It is desirable that the temperature of thefill gas 20 is near ambient temperature (300 K., 27° C.) and be at a suitable pressure to fill thevessel 10 within a few minutes (less than three minutes). However, as a result of the thermodynamic properties of thefill gas 20 and the containedgas 26, compression causes the containedgas 26 to be heated in response to thefill gas 20 being introduced therein under pressure. As a result, the temperature of the containedgas 26 within thevessel 10 rises, because there is no significant heat transfer from the gas into the vessel and further into the environment during the fill process. The relationship between increased pressure and increased temperature during a filling (i.e. refueling) process is illustrated inFIG. 2 to the left ofdashed line 30. - The heating of the contained
gas 26 within thevessel 10 causes an undesirable temperature rise within theplastic liner 14, which may affect the gas sealing ability of theliner 14. Therefore, it is necessary to control the temperature of the containedgas 26 within thevessel 10 while thevessel 10 is being filled and thereafter. In fact, for composite vessels with plastic liners, the gas temperature within the vessel is a limiting factor for the refueling time. It is not uncommon that the refueling has to be slowed down or interrupted because of the gas temperature in the vessel. This can even be the case if thefill gas 20 is pre-cooled at the filling station. - Removal of gas from the
vessel 10 results in the opposite problem, as illustrated inFIG. 2 to the right of thedashed line 30. For example, during operation of the fuel cell as gas is withdrawn from the pressure vessel, the temperature within the vessel drops significantly. If left alone, the temperature could fall below a minimum desired operation temperature of the vessel material or neighboring components. Known techniques to prevent too low of a temperature within the vessel include heaters applied to thevessel 10 or to theadapter 18, or flow reductions of the extracted gas. Heaters consume energy produced by the fuel cell that otherwise would be used to operate the vehicle. Flow reductions of the extracted gas operate to limit the power output by the fuel cell, thereby affecting operation of the vehicle. - It would be desirable to develop a hollow pressure vessel adapted to minimize the effect of thermal energy on the vessel, by providing a heat transfer between the fill gas and the outside environment while also minimizing the assembly and material costs thereof.
- Concordant and congruous with the present invention, a hollow pressure vessel adapted to minimize the effect of thermal energy on the vessel, while also minimizing the assembly and material costs thereof, has surprisingly been discovered.
- In one embodiment, a vessel comprises an inner shell formed from a moldable material and forming a cavity therein; an outer shell formed over the inner shell; and a heat transfer member integrated within the vessel, the heat transfer member thermally coupled to the environment to minimize the effect of thermal energy on the vessel. The heat transfer member may be a metallic sheet structure within the cavity, or may be integrated within the inner shell on an inner shell surface. The heat transfer member may be thermally coupled to a suitable external thermal mass for controlling the temperature of a fill gas.
- In another embodiment, a vessel comprises an inner shell formed from a moldable material and forming a cavity therein; an outer shell formed over the inner shell; and a heat transfer member integrated within the vessel, the heat transfer member thermally coupled to the environment to minimize the effect of thermal energy on the vessel. The heat transfer member may be a metallic sheet structure within the cavity, or may be integrated within the inner shell on an inner shell surface. The heat transfer structure is thermally coupled to an active external thermal system for controlling the temperature of fill gas.
- The above, as well as other advantages of the present invention, will become readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment when considered in the light of the accompanying drawings in which:
-
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional elevational view of a pressure vessel as known in the art; -
FIG. 2 is a graphical representation of the relationship of pressure and temperature of a fill gas to time during a typical refueling/filling process and a typical extraction/driving process; -
FIG. 3 is schematic cross-sectional elevational view of a vessel according to an embodiment of the invention; and -
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional elevational view of a vessel according to another embodiment of the invention. - The following detailed description and appended drawings describe and illustrate various exemplary embodiments of the invention. The description and drawings serve to enable one skilled in the art to make and use the invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any manner. In respect of the methods disclosed, the steps presented are exemplary and nature, and thus, the order of the steps is not necessary or critical.
-
FIG. 3 illustrates ahollow pressure vessel 110 having an outerstructural wall 112 and aninner liner 114 defining avessel chamber 116 therein. Like thevessel 10 ofFIG. 1 , thevessel 110 has a substantially cylindrical shape and is adapted to hold apressurized fluid 126. It is understood that thevessel 110 may have any shape as desired, and thevessel 110 may include additional layers such as a barrier layer, a foil layer, a porous permeation layer, and the like, as desired, similar to those disclosed in commonly-owned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/847,007 and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/956,863, both hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. Thepressurized fluid 126 may be any fluid such as hydrogen gas and oxygen gas, a liquid, and both a liquid and gas, for example. - The
inner liner 114 of thevessel 110 is a hollow container adapted to store thepressurized fluid 126. As shown, theinner liner 114 is formed from a layer of polymer material, but theinner liner 114 may be formed from multiple layers, as desired. Theinner liner 114 may be formed by blow molding, extrusion blow molding, rotational molding, or any other suitable process. In the embodiment shown, theinner liner 114 has a substantially cylindrical shape. However, theinner liner 114 may have any shape, as desired. Theinner liner 114 may be formed from a plastic such as polyethylene, PET, ethylene vinyl alcohol, or an ethylene vinyl acetate terpolymer. Theinner liner 114 may also be formed from other moldable materials such as a metal, a glass, and the like, chosen to minimize escape or diffusion of thepressurized fluid 126. - The outer
structural wall 112 of thevessel 110 is disposed on theinner liner 114. The outerstructural wall 112 has a substantially cylindrical shape, and substantially abuts theinner liner 114 to provide structural support for thevessel 110, allowing thevessel 110 to withstand high pressures. The outerstructural wall 112 may be formed from any moldable material such as a metal and plastic, for example, or the outerstructural wall 112 may be formed with a filament winding process or other process. If the outerstructural wall 112 is formed by a filament winding process, the outerstructural wall 112 may be formed from a carbon fiber, glass fiber, a composite fiber, a fiber having a resin coating, and the like, for example. It is understood that the material used to form the outerstructural wall 112 may be selected based on the process used to affix the outerstructural wall 112 to theinner liner 114, the use of thevessel 110, and the properties of the fluid to be stored in thevessel 110. - Like the
vessel 10 ofFIG. 1 , thevessel 110 includes anadapter 118 attached at a vesselfirst end 122 that provides the inlet and outlet opening for thepressurized fluid 126 contained therein. As noted previously, theadapter 118 is typically a steel structure that houses the various valves, pressure regulators, piping connectors, access flow limiter's, etc., that allow thevessel 110 to be filled with the fill gas 120 that becomes thepressurized fluid 126, and allow thepressurized fluid 126 to be discharged from thevessel 110 at or near ambient pressure, or any desired pressure, to be sent to the fuel cell. A suitable adhesive, sealing ring, or the like (not shown) is employed to seal theinner liner 114 to theadapter 118 in a gas tight manner as is known in the art. Similarly, conventional means are used to secure theadapter 118 to the outerstructural wall 112 of thehollow vessel 110. - A
heat transfer member 130 is located within thehollow vessel 110, and more specifically, within theinner liner 114 and within thevessel chamber 116. Theheat transfer member 130 shown inFIG. 3 is shown as a metallic structure within the vessel cavity orchamber 116. Theheat transfer member 130 may include acenter support 132 and a plurality of fins orarms 134 integrally connected or thermally connected to thecenter support 132. Thecenter support 132 is thermally connected to theadapter 118 at a center supportfirst end 136. In one embodiment, a center supportsecond end 138 is thermally connected to a second adapter orboss 140 embedded within a vesselsecond end 124. Thefins 134 project outwardly from thecenter support 132 within thevessel chamber 116. Thefins 134 are sized and designed to extend sufficiently within thevessel cavity 116 to provide a desired thermal interaction with thepressurized fluid 126. Thefins 134 may also contact theinner surface 128 of theinner liner 114. In one embodiment, at least aportion 158 of thefins 134 are formed on theinner surface 128 of theinner line 114. - Both the
adapter 118 and theboss 140 may act as heat sinks due to the thermal mass of each of theadapter 118 and theboss 140. Additionally, one or both of theadapter 118 and theboss 140 may be thermally coupled toheat exchange structures heat exchange structures thermal masses vessel 110, or the like. Thethermal masses thermal masses thermal masses pressurized fluid 126 rises, may be used to heat the gas 120 as it is extracted from thevessel 110 during operation of the fuel cell, or may be used to elevate the temperature of the pressurized fluid itself during extraction of the gas 120 from thevessel 110. - During refueling operations (i.e. within the regime shown to the left of dashed
line 30 inFIG. 2 ), as the fluid 120 is added to thehollow vessel 110, both thepressure 32 and thetemperature 34 of thepressurized fluid 126 within the vessel rise. The heat produced during the fill process flows through theheat transfer member 130, and is conducted from thefins 134 to thecenter support 132, and from there into both theadapter 118 and theboss 140. As a result, heat is extracted from thepressurized fluid 126 and conducted out of thevessel 110, thereby controlling the temperature within thevessel 110. If the thermal mass of theadapter 118 and theboss 140 is sufficiently large, the temperature within thevessel 110 may be maintained below the desired point without a further heat sink. Alternatively, a suitable heat dissipating structure such as thethermal masses external fins 160, or through a radiator (not shown), or the like. - During periods of fluid extraction from the vessel 110 (i.e. within the regime shown to the right of the dashed
line 30 inFIG. 2 ), as the fluid 120 is extracted from thehollow vessel 110, thepressure 32′ and thetemperature 34′ of the pressurized containedfluid 126 within the vessel drop. In this operating regime, external heat is conducted from thethermal masses adapter 118 and theboss 140, respectively, and is further conducted into the respective first and second ends 136, 138 of thecenter support 132, where it may be further conducted into thefins 134 to support heating of thepressurized fluid 126 within thevessel 110. Heat from outside of thevessel 110 is therefore made available to thevessel chamber 116 to maintain the operating temperature of thepressurized fluid 126 above any minimum desired operating temperature of thevessel 110. As noted previously, thethermal masses thermal masses fins 160 or other desired passive heat radiating structure. - With reference to
FIG. 4 , a further embodiment of the invention including an active thermal handling system is described. For the purpose of clarity, like structures fromFIG. 3 have the same reference numerals and are denoted with a prime (640) symbol. - In the embodiment shown in
FIG. 4 , theadapter 118′ and theboss 140′ may includepassages heat exchange fluid 154 to flow through theadapter 118′ and theboss 140. Thepassages adapter 118′ and theboss 140′, are thermally coupled tothermal masses 146′, 148′ to allow heat from thevessel chamber 116′ to be stored or transferred to the environment. Favorable results have been obtained when thepassages heat transfer member 130′ may be heated or cooled by the heating and air-conditioning system of the motor vehicle. Alternatively, theheat exchange fluid 154 may be a fluid that undergoes a phase change as it is either heated or cooled. Such a phase changing fluid may further conduct heat from theadapter 118′ and theboss 140′ tothermal masses 146′, 148′, and from there to an exteriorheat exchange structure 142′, 144′, such asfins 160′, a radiator (not shown) or the like. In this way, theheat transfer member 130′ within thevessel 110′ may be thermally coupled to any exterior heat exchanger, as desired. - While certain representative embodiments and details have been shown for purposes of illustrating the invention, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made without departing from the scope of the disclosure, which is further described in the following appended claims.
Claims (19)
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/725,874 US20110226782A1 (en) | 2010-03-17 | 2010-03-17 | Gas temperature moderation within compressed gas vessel through heat exchanger |
DE102011013570A DE102011013570A1 (en) | 2010-03-17 | 2011-03-10 | Gas temperature moderation within a compressed gas tank by means of a heat exchanger |
CN201110064424.0A CN102195054B (en) | 2010-03-17 | 2011-03-17 | Gas temperature moderation within compressed gas vessel through heat exchanger |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/725,874 US20110226782A1 (en) | 2010-03-17 | 2010-03-17 | Gas temperature moderation within compressed gas vessel through heat exchanger |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20110226782A1 true US20110226782A1 (en) | 2011-09-22 |
Family
ID=44602735
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12/725,874 Abandoned US20110226782A1 (en) | 2010-03-17 | 2010-03-17 | Gas temperature moderation within compressed gas vessel through heat exchanger |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20110226782A1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN102195054B (en) |
DE (1) | DE102011013570A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20150345708A1 (en) * | 2013-01-08 | 2015-12-03 | Agility Fuel Systems, Inc. | Vortex fill |
WO2016147317A1 (en) * | 2015-03-17 | 2016-09-22 | 日産自動車株式会社 | High pressure gas container and high pressure gas container manufacturing method |
CN113148461A (en) * | 2021-04-13 | 2021-07-23 | 常州欧茗铸造有限公司 | Product storage tank heating device |
DE102020117910A1 (en) | 2020-07-07 | 2022-01-13 | Ford Global Technologies Llc | Compressed gas tank for a motor vehicle |
WO2024002667A1 (en) * | 2022-06-28 | 2024-01-04 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Tank system and fuel-cell system |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104075112B (en) * | 2013-03-28 | 2017-08-11 | 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 | Heat management system for natural gas tank |
US10018307B2 (en) | 2013-03-28 | 2018-07-10 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Thermal management system for a natural gas tank |
DE102021130204A1 (en) | 2021-11-18 | 2023-05-25 | Rheinmetall Invent GmbH | Compressed gas storage tank and vehicle |
Citations (41)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3434533A (en) * | 1965-11-26 | 1969-03-25 | Biraghi Sa | Gilled pipes for heat exchange |
US4124125A (en) * | 1970-07-13 | 1978-11-07 | General Electric Company | Advancing apparatus for spine fin tubing |
US4187905A (en) * | 1977-11-14 | 1980-02-12 | Isenberg Raymond C | Attachable pipe radiator |
US4419802A (en) * | 1980-09-11 | 1983-12-13 | Riese W A | Method of forming a heat exchanger tube |
US4742869A (en) * | 1985-10-21 | 1988-05-10 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Heat and mass transfer device |
US4844274A (en) * | 1987-06-04 | 1989-07-04 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Pressure vessel having a connection stub with a thermal protector |
US5839600A (en) * | 1996-01-17 | 1998-11-24 | Fibrasynthetica Do Brasil Ltda. | Plastic container for pressurized fluids |
US6009936A (en) * | 1997-04-17 | 2000-01-04 | Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. | Heat exchanger |
US6182717B1 (en) * | 1998-10-22 | 2001-02-06 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Process for filling hydrogen into a hydrogen storage tank in automobile |
US6321792B1 (en) * | 1998-06-08 | 2001-11-27 | Norsk Hydro Asa | Flow conduit and means for enlarging the surface thereof to provide cooling, and a fuel pipe, and a method for the manufacture thereof |
US20020187217A1 (en) * | 2000-09-12 | 2002-12-12 | Mcdonald Robert R. | Injection molding cooling core and method of use |
US6519950B2 (en) * | 2000-10-19 | 2003-02-18 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme A Directoire Et Conseil De Surveillance Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Device for storing gas under pressure |
US20030213805A1 (en) * | 2000-06-23 | 2003-11-20 | Robertson Walter W. | Internally cooled pressure containment apparatus |
US6742554B1 (en) * | 2002-12-09 | 2004-06-01 | General Motors Corporation | Device for overheat protection for a type 4 compressed gas container |
US20040182869A1 (en) * | 2003-01-24 | 2004-09-23 | Hidehito Kubo | High pressure tank |
US20050000970A1 (en) * | 2003-03-25 | 2005-01-06 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Gas storage tank and method of manufacturing the same |
US20060180235A1 (en) * | 2004-09-29 | 2006-08-17 | Hidehito Kubo | Hydrogen station, method of charging hydrogen, and vehicle |
US7152665B2 (en) * | 2003-05-08 | 2006-12-26 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Jidoshokki | Pressure tank |
US20070000561A1 (en) * | 2005-05-09 | 2007-01-04 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Pressure Powered Cooling System for Enhancing the Refill Speed and Capacity of On Board High Pressure Vehicle Gas Storage Tanks |
US7208207B2 (en) * | 2001-01-31 | 2007-04-24 | Toyoda Gosei Co., Ltd. | Liner for high pressure gas container and high pressure gas container |
US20070246122A1 (en) * | 2006-04-13 | 2007-10-25 | Kiyoshi Handa | Gas Flow Management Equipment for High Pressure Storage Tanks |
US20080093063A1 (en) * | 2004-11-26 | 2008-04-24 | Andreas Ludwig | Heat Exchanger for an Air Heating Device and Method for Producing a Heat Exchanger |
US20080105691A1 (en) * | 2006-11-08 | 2008-05-08 | Harald Schlag | Internal heating of a fluid in a storage tank |
US7377294B2 (en) * | 2005-04-20 | 2008-05-27 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Gas cooling methods for high pressure fuel storage tanks on vehicles powered by compressed natural gas or hydrogen |
US20080192805A1 (en) * | 2007-02-12 | 2008-08-14 | Ryan Douglas Roy Harty | Attaching in situ thermal management equipment to high pressure storage tanks for industrial gases |
US20080190589A1 (en) * | 2004-01-07 | 2008-08-14 | Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg | Heat Exchanger |
US20080290645A1 (en) * | 2007-05-21 | 2008-11-27 | Kiyoshi Handa | Shaped Absorbent Media Installed in a High Pressure Tank |
US20090078706A1 (en) * | 2005-06-01 | 2009-03-26 | Tsukuo Ishitoya | High-pressure tank |
US20090114367A1 (en) * | 2007-11-06 | 2009-05-07 | Kiyoshi Handa | Selective Warming and Heat Isolation For On Board High Pressure Storage Tanks Installed on Gas Fueled Vehicles |
US7681604B2 (en) * | 2005-05-09 | 2010-03-23 | Kiyoshi Handa | Gas cooling method using a melting/solidifying media for high pressure storage tanks for compressed natural gas or hydrogen |
US7735528B2 (en) * | 2006-04-13 | 2010-06-15 | Kiyoshi Handa | High pressure gas tank cooling by ejector pump circulation |
US7757727B2 (en) * | 2007-03-06 | 2010-07-20 | Kiyoshi Handa | High pressure gas tank heat management by circulation of the refueling gas |
US7757726B2 (en) * | 2005-05-06 | 2010-07-20 | Kiyoshi Handa | System for enhancing the efficiency of high pressure storage tanks for compressed natural gas or hydrogen |
US7810670B2 (en) * | 2001-10-12 | 2010-10-12 | Enpress, L.L.C. | Composite pressure vessel assembly |
US20100326992A1 (en) * | 2007-12-10 | 2010-12-30 | Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique(C.N.R.S.) | Hydrogen storage tank |
US7891386B2 (en) * | 2006-04-13 | 2011-02-22 | Kiyoshi Handa | Thermal management for high pressure storage tanks |
US7938149B2 (en) * | 2006-04-13 | 2011-05-10 | Honda Motor Co, Ltd | Supplemental heat exchange for high pressure gas tank |
US7938150B2 (en) * | 2007-06-11 | 2011-05-10 | Honda Motor Co, Ltd | Station side cooling for refueling vehicle storage tanks with high pressure fuel |
US8113709B2 (en) * | 2008-02-07 | 2012-02-14 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | High-pressure tank |
US8136557B2 (en) * | 2007-11-30 | 2012-03-20 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Warming for high pressure hydrogen gas storage cylinders utilizing the Joule-Thomson effect |
US8141739B2 (en) * | 2006-12-15 | 2012-03-27 | Samtech Corporation | Hydrogen storage tank and manufacturing method for the same |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2002181295A (en) * | 2000-12-14 | 2002-06-26 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | High-pressure gas storage vessel |
JP4542414B2 (en) * | 2004-11-18 | 2010-09-15 | 株式会社豊田自動織機 | Hydrogen tank cooling system for hydrogen fuel vehicle |
JP2006316834A (en) * | 2005-05-11 | 2006-11-24 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Pressure vessel liner manufacturing method |
-
2010
- 2010-03-17 US US12/725,874 patent/US20110226782A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2011
- 2011-03-10 DE DE102011013570A patent/DE102011013570A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-03-17 CN CN201110064424.0A patent/CN102195054B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (49)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3434533A (en) * | 1965-11-26 | 1969-03-25 | Biraghi Sa | Gilled pipes for heat exchange |
US4124125A (en) * | 1970-07-13 | 1978-11-07 | General Electric Company | Advancing apparatus for spine fin tubing |
US4187905A (en) * | 1977-11-14 | 1980-02-12 | Isenberg Raymond C | Attachable pipe radiator |
US4419802A (en) * | 1980-09-11 | 1983-12-13 | Riese W A | Method of forming a heat exchanger tube |
US4742869A (en) * | 1985-10-21 | 1988-05-10 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Heat and mass transfer device |
US4844274A (en) * | 1987-06-04 | 1989-07-04 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Pressure vessel having a connection stub with a thermal protector |
US5839600A (en) * | 1996-01-17 | 1998-11-24 | Fibrasynthetica Do Brasil Ltda. | Plastic container for pressurized fluids |
US6009936A (en) * | 1997-04-17 | 2000-01-04 | Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. | Heat exchanger |
US6321792B1 (en) * | 1998-06-08 | 2001-11-27 | Norsk Hydro Asa | Flow conduit and means for enlarging the surface thereof to provide cooling, and a fuel pipe, and a method for the manufacture thereof |
US6182717B1 (en) * | 1998-10-22 | 2001-02-06 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Process for filling hydrogen into a hydrogen storage tank in automobile |
US20030213805A1 (en) * | 2000-06-23 | 2003-11-20 | Robertson Walter W. | Internally cooled pressure containment apparatus |
US7159737B2 (en) * | 2000-06-23 | 2007-01-09 | Hydro-Pac, Inc. | Internally cooled pressure containment apparatus |
US20020187217A1 (en) * | 2000-09-12 | 2002-12-12 | Mcdonald Robert R. | Injection molding cooling core and method of use |
US6519950B2 (en) * | 2000-10-19 | 2003-02-18 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme A Directoire Et Conseil De Surveillance Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Device for storing gas under pressure |
US7208207B2 (en) * | 2001-01-31 | 2007-04-24 | Toyoda Gosei Co., Ltd. | Liner for high pressure gas container and high pressure gas container |
US7810670B2 (en) * | 2001-10-12 | 2010-10-12 | Enpress, L.L.C. | Composite pressure vessel assembly |
US6742554B1 (en) * | 2002-12-09 | 2004-06-01 | General Motors Corporation | Device for overheat protection for a type 4 compressed gas container |
US20040182869A1 (en) * | 2003-01-24 | 2004-09-23 | Hidehito Kubo | High pressure tank |
US20080203101A1 (en) * | 2003-03-25 | 2008-08-28 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Gas storage tank and method of manufacturing the same |
US7946446B2 (en) * | 2003-03-25 | 2011-05-24 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Gas storage tank and method of manufacturing the same |
US20050000970A1 (en) * | 2003-03-25 | 2005-01-06 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Gas storage tank and method of manufacturing the same |
US7152665B2 (en) * | 2003-05-08 | 2006-12-26 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Jidoshokki | Pressure tank |
US20080190589A1 (en) * | 2004-01-07 | 2008-08-14 | Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg | Heat Exchanger |
US7363949B2 (en) * | 2004-09-29 | 2008-04-29 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Jidoshokki | Hydrogen station, method of charging hydrogen, and vehicle |
US20060180235A1 (en) * | 2004-09-29 | 2006-08-17 | Hidehito Kubo | Hydrogen station, method of charging hydrogen, and vehicle |
US20080093063A1 (en) * | 2004-11-26 | 2008-04-24 | Andreas Ludwig | Heat Exchanger for an Air Heating Device and Method for Producing a Heat Exchanger |
US7377294B2 (en) * | 2005-04-20 | 2008-05-27 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Gas cooling methods for high pressure fuel storage tanks on vehicles powered by compressed natural gas or hydrogen |
US7757726B2 (en) * | 2005-05-06 | 2010-07-20 | Kiyoshi Handa | System for enhancing the efficiency of high pressure storage tanks for compressed natural gas or hydrogen |
US7637292B2 (en) * | 2005-05-09 | 2009-12-29 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Pressure powered cooling system for enhancing the refill speed and capacity of on board high pressure vehicle gas storage tanks |
US20070000561A1 (en) * | 2005-05-09 | 2007-01-04 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Pressure Powered Cooling System for Enhancing the Refill Speed and Capacity of On Board High Pressure Vehicle Gas Storage Tanks |
US7681604B2 (en) * | 2005-05-09 | 2010-03-23 | Kiyoshi Handa | Gas cooling method using a melting/solidifying media for high pressure storage tanks for compressed natural gas or hydrogen |
US20090078706A1 (en) * | 2005-06-01 | 2009-03-26 | Tsukuo Ishitoya | High-pressure tank |
US7743797B2 (en) * | 2006-04-13 | 2010-06-29 | Kiyoshi Handa | Gas flow management equipment for high pressure storage tanks |
US7891386B2 (en) * | 2006-04-13 | 2011-02-22 | Kiyoshi Handa | Thermal management for high pressure storage tanks |
US7735528B2 (en) * | 2006-04-13 | 2010-06-15 | Kiyoshi Handa | High pressure gas tank cooling by ejector pump circulation |
US20070246122A1 (en) * | 2006-04-13 | 2007-10-25 | Kiyoshi Handa | Gas Flow Management Equipment for High Pressure Storage Tanks |
US7938149B2 (en) * | 2006-04-13 | 2011-05-10 | Honda Motor Co, Ltd | Supplemental heat exchange for high pressure gas tank |
US20080105691A1 (en) * | 2006-11-08 | 2008-05-08 | Harald Schlag | Internal heating of a fluid in a storage tank |
US8141739B2 (en) * | 2006-12-15 | 2012-03-27 | Samtech Corporation | Hydrogen storage tank and manufacturing method for the same |
US7559689B2 (en) * | 2007-02-12 | 2009-07-14 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Attaching in situ thermal management equipment to high pressure storage tanks for industrial gases |
US20080192805A1 (en) * | 2007-02-12 | 2008-08-14 | Ryan Douglas Roy Harty | Attaching in situ thermal management equipment to high pressure storage tanks for industrial gases |
US7757727B2 (en) * | 2007-03-06 | 2010-07-20 | Kiyoshi Handa | High pressure gas tank heat management by circulation of the refueling gas |
US20080290645A1 (en) * | 2007-05-21 | 2008-11-27 | Kiyoshi Handa | Shaped Absorbent Media Installed in a High Pressure Tank |
US8100151B2 (en) * | 2007-05-21 | 2012-01-24 | Honda Motor Co. Ltd. | Shaped absorbent media installed in a high pressure tank |
US7938150B2 (en) * | 2007-06-11 | 2011-05-10 | Honda Motor Co, Ltd | Station side cooling for refueling vehicle storage tanks with high pressure fuel |
US20090114367A1 (en) * | 2007-11-06 | 2009-05-07 | Kiyoshi Handa | Selective Warming and Heat Isolation For On Board High Pressure Storage Tanks Installed on Gas Fueled Vehicles |
US8136557B2 (en) * | 2007-11-30 | 2012-03-20 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Warming for high pressure hydrogen gas storage cylinders utilizing the Joule-Thomson effect |
US20100326992A1 (en) * | 2007-12-10 | 2010-12-30 | Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique(C.N.R.S.) | Hydrogen storage tank |
US8113709B2 (en) * | 2008-02-07 | 2012-02-14 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | High-pressure tank |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
Sanders and Thole, "Effects of winglets to augment tube wall heat transfer in louvered fin heat exchangers, 1/27/2006, International journal of heat and mass transfer * |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20150345708A1 (en) * | 2013-01-08 | 2015-12-03 | Agility Fuel Systems, Inc. | Vortex fill |
WO2016147317A1 (en) * | 2015-03-17 | 2016-09-22 | 日産自動車株式会社 | High pressure gas container and high pressure gas container manufacturing method |
JPWO2016147317A1 (en) * | 2015-03-17 | 2018-01-11 | 日産自動車株式会社 | High pressure gas container and method for producing high pressure gas container |
US10429009B2 (en) | 2015-03-17 | 2019-10-01 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | High pressure gas container and method for manufacturing high pressure gas container |
DE102020117910A1 (en) | 2020-07-07 | 2022-01-13 | Ford Global Technologies Llc | Compressed gas tank for a motor vehicle |
US11524572B2 (en) | 2020-07-07 | 2022-12-13 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Pressurized gas tank for a motor vehicle |
CN113148461A (en) * | 2021-04-13 | 2021-07-23 | 常州欧茗铸造有限公司 | Product storage tank heating device |
WO2024002667A1 (en) * | 2022-06-28 | 2024-01-04 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Tank system and fuel-cell system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102011013570A1 (en) | 2011-11-03 |
CN102195054A (en) | 2011-09-21 |
CN102195054B (en) | 2015-03-18 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US20110226782A1 (en) | Gas temperature moderation within compressed gas vessel through heat exchanger | |
US6742554B1 (en) | Device for overheat protection for a type 4 compressed gas container | |
US8733382B2 (en) | Thermally activated safety valve for pressure vessels | |
CN101495401B (en) | Fuel cartridge of a fuel cell with fuel stored outside fuel liner | |
US20110302933A1 (en) | Storage and supply system of liquefied and condensed hydrogen | |
US8038029B2 (en) | Activation of a pressure relief device | |
Maus et al. | Filling procedure for vehicles with compressed hydrogen tanks | |
US6860923B2 (en) | Onboard hydrogen storage unit with heat transfer system for use in a hydrogen powered vehicle | |
US8919597B2 (en) | Gas tank | |
EP1722153B1 (en) | Gas cooling using a melting/solidifying medium for high pressure storage tanks for compressed natural gas or hydrogen | |
US7721750B2 (en) | Modified heat pipe for activation of a pressure relief device | |
US9447922B2 (en) | Internal heating of a fluid in a storage tank | |
US20120279679A1 (en) | Thermal energy storage | |
US8191584B2 (en) | Method and device for filling pressure containers with low-boiling permanent gases or gas mixtures | |
ZA200600730B (en) | Fuel cartridge with flexible liner | |
Brunner et al. | Cryo‐compressed hydrogen storage | |
CN102285314A (en) | Pressure vessel | |
US20120175366A1 (en) | Vent hole alignment of temperature-pressure relief devices on pressure vessels | |
US20020041823A1 (en) | Storage tank for a gaseous medium | |
US6823931B1 (en) | Hydrogen cooled hydride storage unit incorporating porous encapsulant material to prevent alloy entrainment | |
US8015993B2 (en) | Heatable hydrogen pressure regulator | |
US7690208B2 (en) | Liquid hydrogen tank with a release pressure above the critical pressure | |
CN1405914A (en) | Hydrogen source supply device | |
JP2003083500A (en) | Gas tank | |
JP5915366B2 (en) | Gas storage container |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: GM GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY OPERATIONS, INC., MICHIGAN Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:MUELLER, BERNHARD;WINKELMANN, HOLGER;REEL/FRAME:024301/0051 Effective date: 20100308 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: WILMINGTON TRUST COMPANY, DELAWARE Free format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:GM GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY OPERATIONS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:025327/0156 Effective date: 20101027 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: GM GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY OPERATIONS LLC, MICHIGAN Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:GM GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY OPERATIONS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:025781/0333 Effective date: 20101202 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: GM GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY OPERATIONS LLC, MICHIGAN Free format text: RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:WILMINGTON TRUST COMPANY;REEL/FRAME:034287/0001 Effective date: 20141017 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |