US20110296715A1 - Augmented Footwear for Gripping and Holding in Micro-gravity Environments - Google Patents
Augmented Footwear for Gripping and Holding in Micro-gravity Environments Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20110296715A1 US20110296715A1 US13/028,220 US201113028220A US2011296715A1 US 20110296715 A1 US20110296715 A1 US 20110296715A1 US 201113028220 A US201113028220 A US 201113028220A US 2011296715 A1 US2011296715 A1 US 2011296715A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- foot
- extrusion
- footwear
- augmented
- prehensile
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
- A43B13/00—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units
- A43B13/14—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units characterised by the constructive form
- A43B13/22—Soles made slip-preventing or wear-resisting, e.g. by impregnation or spreading a wear-resisting layer
- A43B13/223—Profiled soles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
- A43B13/00—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units
- A43B13/14—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units characterised by the constructive form
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
- A43B3/00—Footwear characterised by the shape or the use
- A43B3/0036—Footwear characterised by the shape or the use characterised by a special shape or design
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
- A43B7/00—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements
- A43B7/14—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts
- A43B7/26—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts with toe-spacers or toe-spreaders
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B21/00—Exercising apparatus for developing or strengthening the muscles or joints of the body by working against a counterforce, with or without measuring devices
- A63B21/40—Interfaces with the user related to strength training; Details thereof
- A63B21/4027—Specific exercise interfaces
- A63B21/4033—Handles, pedals, bars or platforms
- A63B21/4034—Handles, pedals, bars or platforms for operation by feet
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)
Abstract
This invention relates generally to human space flights to Earth orbit and beyond. It is designed for use in micro-gravity environments, to allow the wearer to make use of one or both feet as prehensile appendages. The invention enables the operator to use their feet for gripping, holding and manipulating. It achieves this by means of flexible footwear with molded extensions that protrude from under the toes and ball of the foot, creating additional leverage for the flexion and extension of the toes. The basic embodiment of the invention consists of six (6) main components. 1. A solid extrusion, positioned under the metatarsal bones of the foot, extending downward from the plantar surface. 2. A second solid extrusion, positioned under the first phalange of the foot, extending downward from the plantar surface. 3. A third solid extrusion, positioned under the second, third, fourth and fifth phalanges collectively, extending downward from their plantar surfaces. 4. A foot covering, encompassing the phalanges and metatarsus of the foot, and integrating the three extrusions. 5. A means for anchoring or securing the foot covering to the user's foot. 6. A means for allowing full flexion and hyperextension of the phalanges, and by extension, the extrusions positioned under the phalanges.
Description
- Not Applicable
- Not Applicable
- In modern space travel, humans in micro-gravity environments are becoming more commonplace, and this trend is forecasted to continue. As of this writing, the International Space Station represents the pinnacle of space construction projects and has the largest interior living and working space of any current spacecraft. The problems of living and working in space, now and in the future, are the topics of books, research, government contracts and boardroom meetings.
- Holding one's self in place while in micro-gravity, or “weightless,” is one such problem. A person cannot stand normally in the absence of normal gravity. On earlier space habitats, such as Mir and Skylab, astronauts and cosmonauts have used handrails to maneuver themselves around, and to anchor themselves in place. These rails are usually a simple metal bar attached to a wall. Handrails like this now line the interior and exterior of the International Space Station (ISS).
- The typical use of these rails is to grasp them with either hand, then push or pull with the arm to provide a means of locomotion. To remain stationary and make use of the hands, the astronauts commonly insert one or both feet under a rail or strap. Using these rails or straps with the feet, however, causes problems. Mark Shuttleworth, a wealthy South African who spent some time on the ISS, wrote that the tops of his feet became bruised after repeatedly hooking them under straps and metal rungs. He also wrote that his solution would be to have special socks that are thicker on top. Currently, photos indicate that some of the rungs on the interior of the ISS are covered in thin foam padding, which is secured in place with plastic cable ties as an attempt to reduce or remove stress and injury to the foot.
- Another problem that is common to micro-gravity environments is the physical behavior of objects when weightless. Unsecured objects will float away, and must be attached to something, or held in the hands. NASA ISS Science Officer Don Pettit proposed in a video blog that a three-axis gyroscopic spin stabilization device might be used to act as a “third hand,” to position a flashlight while the astronaut used both hands to work, or to hold an object stationary and nearby while otherwise using the hands.
- There currently exist many types of specialized footwear for use in specific activities, such as running or yoga. For running or jogging shoes, the plantar surface of the foot is covered by a flexible protective material that increases traction. In yoga, special socks can be worn which include separate compartments for each toe as well as a non-slip surface on the bottom. The tabi sock design includes one separate compartment for the big toe, or hallux, enabling its freedom of motion.
- In addition, previous patents have addressed the problem of holding a person in place in micro-gravity. U.S. Pat. No. 5,042,173 discloses a foot restraint using specialized rails attached to the vehicle and shoes with cleats to fit into the rails. U.S. Pat. No. 5,070,964 describes a foot restraint platform that is mounted to the end of a manipulator arm. U.S. Pat. No. 5,779,002 describes an astronaut's workstation, which includes a base with a foot rail designed to be used with a sliding foot restraint. All of these inventions are predicated on restraint of the foot, and rigidly holding the person in place.
- This invention is ergonomic footwear designed to be worn by a human in a micro-gravity environment, which will extend and augment the foot to allow active prehensile grasping, holding, and manipulating actions with the toes, consisting principally of a foot covering, made of a flexible material, designed to allow freedom of movement and full range of motion of all of the bones of the foot, and including as integrated components a separate compartment for the hallux phalange, solid extrusions attached to the bottom of said foot covering, extending downward from the plantar surface of the foot, with one extrusion proximal to the hallux, such that the action of said toe is directly transferred to it, and a further extrusion proximal to the second, third, fourth and fifth phalanges, such that the action of said toes is directly transferred to it, and a further extrusion extending downward from the plantar surface of the foot, proximal to the metatarsals, or ball of the foot.
-
FIG. 1 is a medial aspect side view of the right foot and its component bones. -
FIG. 2 is a medial aspect side view of the right foot and its component bones, displaying the normal range of motion for the phalanges (toes). -
FIG. 3 is a side elevation view of the invention. -
FIG. 4 is a side elevation view of the invention, showing the prehensile gripping action effected by the movement of the toes. -
FIG. 5 is a perspective view from in front of and above the invention. -
FIG. 6 is a perspective view from in back of and below the invention. -
FIG. 7 is a perspective view from below and in front of the invention, showing the operation of the invention using both feet, with respect to a cylindrical object. -
FIG. 8 is a side elevation view of an alternate embodiment of the invention. -
FIG. 9 is a side elevation view of a second alternate embodiment of the invention. -
FIG. 10 is a perspective view from below and in front of a third alternate embodiment of the invention. -
FIG. 11 is a perspective view from above and in front of the invention, including as reference a human in micro-gravity conditions, showing the operation of the invention using one foot, with respect to a cylindrical object. -
- 10 x Human Foot
- 25 x Talus
- 30 x Calcaneus
- 35 x Navicular
- 40 x Cuboid
- 45 x Cuneiforms
- 50 x Metatarsal
- 55 x Proximal Phalange of Hallux Toe
- 60 x Distal Phalange of Hallux Toe
- 55 y Proximal Phalange of Hallux Toe, Extended Position
- 60 y Distal Phalange of Hallux Toe, Extended Position
- 80 x Flexion Position of the Phalanges of the Foot
- 80 y Extension Position of the Phalanges of the Foot
- 100 x Human
-
- 200 x Hand Grip Bar
- 220 x Tabi Socks
-
- 300 Soft Foot Cover
- 320 Means for attaching
Strap 340 toSoft Foot Cover 300 - 340 Strap for securing
Soft Foot Cover 300 toHuman Foot 10 x - 360 Extruded Augmentation corresponding to the metatarsals
- 370 Extruded Augmentation corresponding to the first phalange
- 370 x Flexed positioning of
Soft Foot Cover 300, andExtruded Augmentations - 370 y Extended positioning of
Soft Foot Cover 300, andExtruded Augmentations - 380 Extruded Augmentation corresponding to the second, third, fourth and fifth phalanges
-
- 300 d Soft Foot Cover with integrated means for securing to 10 x Human Foot
- 360 d Alternative Extruded Augmentation for the metatarsals
- 370 d Alternative Extruded Augmentation for the first phalange
- 380 d Alternative Extruded Augmentation for the first phalange
- 360 e Alternative Extruded Augmentation for the metatarsals
- 370 e Alternative Extruded Augmentation for the first phalange
- 360 f Alternate Position for 360 e Alternative Extruded Augmentation
- 370 f Alternate Position for 370 e Alternative Extruded Augmentation
- 360 g Alternative Extruded Augmentation for the First Metatarsal
- Referring now to the background information relating to the invention,
FIGS. 1 and 2 disclose relevant human anatomical information, namely, the general shape and position of 10 x Human Foot and its component foot bones as viewed from the medial aspect. The range of motion disclosed inFIG. 2 represents normal full flexion and extension of the five phalanges. Not shown in these two views are the other four sets of metatarsals and phalangeal bones, since they lie principally behind the bones along the median edge. - Referring now to the detailed description of the invention, in
FIGS. 3-7 there is shownSoft Foot Cover 300, a foot covering;Strap 340 for securingSoft Foot Cover 300 toHuman Foot 10 x;Means 320 for attachingStrap 340 toSoft Foot Cover 300;Extruded Augmentation 360 corresponding to the metatarsals;Extruded Augmentation 370 corresponding to the first phalange; andExtruded Augmentation 380 corresponding to the second, third, fourth and fifth phalanges. -
FIG. 3 is a side view of the invention worn on the foot as viewed from the medial aspect, showingExtruded Augmentation 360 positioned below the ball of the foot andExtruded Augmentation 370 positioned below the big toe. The extrusions are directly attached toSoft Foot Cover 300. Not shown in this Fig. isExtruded Augmentation 380, since it lies principally behindExtruded Augmentation 370 in this view. TheSoft Foot Cover 300 is optimally made of fabric, foam or molded silicon, or any material that allows full range of motion for the toes and ankle. -
FIG. 4 is a side view of the invention's flexible range of motion as viewed from the medial aspect, showing 360 Extruded Augmentation positioned below the ball of the foot and 370 Extruded Augmentation positioned below the big toe. Extension and flexion of the toes results in the gripping action of the extrusions, whereExtruded Augmentation 360 acts like an opposing thumb, providing the surface against which the pressure ofExtruded Augmentation 370 andExtruded Augmentation 380 can be applied. -
FIGS. 5 and 6 are perspective views of the invention, showingExtruded Augmentation 360 positioned below the ball of the foot,Extruded Augmentation 370 positioned below the big toe, andExtruded Augmentation 380 positioned below the second, third, fourth and fifth toes collectively. - Continuing to reference
FIGS. 3 , 4, 5, and 6, theSoft Foot Cover 300 is attached toHuman Foot 10 x withStrap 340 across the Achilles' tendon, which is adjustably attached toSoft Foot Cover 300 using a means forattachment 320, such as a snap, button or clasp. TheSoft Foot Cover 300 includes a separate compartment for the big toe, allowing it to move separately from the other toes. The threeExtruded Augmentations Foot Cover 300, allowing pressure to be applied to them without collapsing them, such as rigid plastic or vinyl. -
FIG. 7 is a perspective view from the bottom left of the invention, showing the operation of the invention with both feet being used to grasp a cylindrical hand rail. To hold an object, the user first extends the toes, opening the grip of the footwear. The user then places his or her feet so that the extrusions are on either side of the object, and then flexes the toes to close the grip. The user can vary the pressure as needed and can let go simply by extending the toes again. -
FIG. 8 is a side view of an alternate embodiment of the invention worn on the foot as viewed from the medial aspect, showingAlternate Extruded Augmentation 360 d positioned below the ball of the foot,Alternate Extruded Augmentation 370 d positioned below the big toe, andAlternate Extruded Augmentation 380 d positioned below the second, third, fourth and fifth toes collectively. The extrusions are directly attached to AlternateSoft Foot Covering 300 d, which encompasses the heel and ankle of the wearer's foot as a means for securing and wearing it. The extrusions in this embodiment are angled forward, differently shaped and enlarged, compared to the standard embodiment, allowing the user to position their ankle in a more extended and relaxed pose during use. -
FIG. 9 is a side view of an alternate embodiment of the invention worn on the foot as viewed from the medial aspect, showingAlternate Extruded Augmentation 360 e positioned below the ball of the foot, andAlternate Extruded Augmentation 370 e positioned below the big toe. Not shown in this Fig. is Extruded Augmentation 380 e, since it lies principally behindExtruded Augmentation 370 e in this view. The extrusions are removable and attached toSoft Foot Cover 300.Alternate Extruded Augmentation 360 f is the alternate position ofAlternate Extruded Augmentation 360 e, attached above the ball of the foot, whileAlternate Extruded Augmentation 370 f is the alternate position ofAlternate Extruded Augmentation 370 e, repositioned above the big toe. The prehensile operation of the device is the same, except that flexing the toes will expand the grip of the extrusions, while extension of the toes will contract the extrusions.Parts -
FIG. 10 is a perspective view from the bottom left of an alternate embodiment of the invention, showingAlternate Extruded Augmentation 360 g positioned principally below the first metatarsal, andExtruded Augmentation 370 positioned below the big toe. This embodiment eschews the separate compartment for the big toe and the small toes' augmentation, leaving the big toe as the only grip effector. -
FIG. 11 is a perspective view from the top right of the invention, showing the operation of the invention with the right foot being used to grasp a hand rail, including asreference Human 100 x in micro-gravity conditions. - An alternate embodiment of the invention is described as follows; the extruded augmentation, as described, is integrated into the structure of a complete foot covering, including the heel, and/or ankle, and/or lower leg, such as a crew-length sock or a shoe.
- An alternate embodiment of the invention is described as follows; the extruded augmentation includes a means for repositioning, so that it can be repositioned above the foot.
- An alternate embodiment of the invention is described as follows; the extruded phalangeal augmentation and foot covering include a means for removing and re-attaching the extrusions, so that they can be repositioned above the foot.
- A further alternative embodiment would be to have the extrusions, as described, textured to improve grip friction.
- A further alternative embodiment would be to have the extrusions detach and be replaced by alternative extrusions designed for a specific object, class of objects, or function.
- A further alternative embodiment would be to have the augmentation, as described, integrated into the structure of a foot covering in an Extra-Vehicular Activity (EVA) suit.
- A further alternative embodiment would be to have the augmentation, as described, used in a naturally buoyant environment, such as underwater.
- The main object and advantage of this invention is to enable prehensile grasping, holding, and manipulating actions with the feet in micro-gravity.
- A further objective and advantage of this invention is that, by bringing the feet and legs into greater use during space flights, they are exercised and kept active, and this will result in improved fitness.
- A further objective and advantage of this invention is freeing the hands to carry and manipulate objects while the feet are used for locomotion.
- A further objective and advantage of this invention is enabling the feet to carry and manipulate objects while the hands are used for locomotion.
- A further objective and advantage of this invention is to increase comfort and efficiency for space travelers and workers in Earth orbit and beyond.
- The benefits of the disclosed invention, which began with consideration of an existing ergonomic and health problem in space travelers, include, without limitation, reduced foot discomfort and injury, the ability to use one or both feet as substitute hands, and improved health, safety and efficiency. This disclosure represents an example of the footwear augmentation, and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Variations in extrusion shape, texture, materials, decoration, or the means for wearing the invention may be made to the design or its alternative embodiments without altering its basic prehensile function. While the preceding written description of the invention does enable a person of ordinary skill to make and use any of the embodiments disclosed, those of ordinary skill will understand and appreciate the existence of variations, combinations, and equivalents of the specific embodiment, method, and examples herein. The invention should therefore not be limited by the above described embodiment, method, and examples, but by all embodiments and methods within the scope and spirit of the invention.
Claims (15)
1. Augmented footwear enabling improved prehensile grasping and manipulation of objects with the feet, comprising in combination:
a foot covering, encompassing at least the phalanges and metatarsus of the human foot, and including as integrated and connected elements;
a separate individual compartment for the first phalange of the foot, allowing full abduction, adduction, flexion and hyperextension of the phalange;
a separate individual compartment for the four small phalanges of the foot, allowing full abduction, adduction, flexion and hyperextension of the phalanges;
a means for anchoring or securing the footwear to the user's foot;
a solid extrusion, positioned under the metatarsal bones of the foot, extending downward from the plantar surface of the foot;
a second solid extrusion, positioned under the first phalange of the foot, extending downward from the plantar surface of the foot, attached so that the range of motion of the first phalange is directly transferred to it; and,
a third solid extrusion, positioned under the four small phalanges collectively, extending downward from the plantar surface of the foot, attached so that the range of motion of the phalanges is directly transferred to it.
2. The augmented footwear of claim 1 , wherein the material covering encompasses the heel, ankles and/or lower leg, either as a replacement for, or not interfering with, the means for anchoring or securing the footwear to the user's foot.
3. The augmented footwear of claim 1 , wherein the phalangeal and metatarsal extrusions can be repositioned to the dorsal side of the foot.
4. The augmented footwear of claim 1 , wherein the metatarsal extrusion is principally positioned under the first metatarsal bone of the foot.
5. The augmented footwear of claim 1 , wherein the phalangeal and metatarsal extrusions can be detached and replaced with a different extrusion.
6. The augmented footwear of claim 1 , wherein the extrusion(s) are shaped to grasp or hold a specific object, or class of objects.
7. The augmented footwear of claim 1 , wherein the extrusion(s) are surfaced with a texture or material to augment their gripping function.
8. The augmented footwear of claim 1 , wherein the footwear is surfaced with a decorative texture or material.
9. The augmented footwear of claim 1 , wherein the foot covering does not cover the toes.
10. The augmented footwear of claim 1 , wherein:
there is no extrusion(s) corresponding to the metatarsus and no extrusion(s) corresponding to the four smaller toes, leaving only the extrusion(s) corresponding to the hallux as the means for enabling prehensile manipulation; OR,
wherein there is no extrusion corresponding to the metatarsus and no extrusion corresponding to the hallux, leaving only the extrusion(s) corresponding to the four smaller toes as the means for enabling prehensile manipulation; OR,
wherein there is no extrusion(s) corresponding to the hallux and no extrusion(s) corresponding to the four smaller toes, leaving only the extrusion(s) corresponding to the metatarsus as the means for enabling prehensile manipulation.
11. The augmented footwear of claim 1 , wherein:
there is no extrusion(s) corresponding to the metatarsus, leaving only the extrusion(s) corresponding to the four smaller toes and the extrusion(s) corresponding to the hallux as the means for enabling prehensile manipulation; OR,
wherein there is no extrusion(s) corresponding to the hallux, leaving only the extrusion(s) corresponding to the metatarsus and the extrusion corresponding to the four smaller toes as the means for enabling prehensile manipulation; OR,
wherein there is no extrusion(s) corresponding to the four smaller toes, leaving only the extrusion(s) corresponding to the metatarsus and the extrusion(s) corresponding to the hallux as the means for enabling prehensile manipulation.
12. The augmented footwear of claim 1 , wherein there are said prehensile augmentation extrusions corresponding to one or more toes individually, or in group(s) of two, three, four, or five.
13. The augmented footwear of claim 1 , wherein there are extrusions positioned on the anterior and/or posterior side of the foot as a means of said prehensile function.
14. The augmented footwear of claim 1 , wherein there is an alternate means of attaching the foot covering to the foot.
15. The augmented footwear of claim 1 , wherein the invention is integrated into the design of an Extra-Vehicular Activity (EVA) suit.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US13/028,220 US20110296715A1 (en) | 2011-02-16 | 2011-02-16 | Augmented Footwear for Gripping and Holding in Micro-gravity Environments |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US13/028,220 US20110296715A1 (en) | 2011-02-16 | 2011-02-16 | Augmented Footwear for Gripping and Holding in Micro-gravity Environments |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US12796558 Substitution | 2010-06-08 |
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US20110296715A1 true US20110296715A1 (en) | 2011-12-08 |
Family
ID=45063308
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US13/028,220 Abandoned US20110296715A1 (en) | 2011-02-16 | 2011-02-16 | Augmented Footwear for Gripping and Holding in Micro-gravity Environments |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DK179061B1 (en) * | 2016-08-17 | 2017-09-25 | Kasper Sørensen | Tube positioning outsole |
US20200170344A1 (en) * | 2017-08-04 | 2020-06-04 | Stefanie Miller Kwiatkowski | Slip resistant shoe |
US11369165B2 (en) | 2019-05-09 | 2022-06-28 | P J Philip Morrison | Shoe attachment for preventing toe walking |
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US3013564A (en) * | 1959-08-17 | 1961-12-19 | Levey Harold | Foot-correcting moccasin-like inner slipper |
US3751727A (en) * | 1968-08-05 | 1973-08-14 | Nasa | Space suit |
US4040192A (en) * | 1976-06-07 | 1977-08-09 | Jose Miguel Perez | Athletic training shoe |
US5351421A (en) * | 1990-02-16 | 1994-10-04 | Miers David J | Sports shoe sole |
US5694706A (en) * | 1996-08-26 | 1997-12-09 | Penka; Etienne | Heelless athletic shoe |
US7082703B2 (en) * | 2004-01-30 | 2006-08-01 | Nike, Inc. | Article of footwear for sand sports |
US7140129B2 (en) * | 2004-02-27 | 2006-11-28 | Nike, Inc. | Article of footwear with perforated covering and removable components |
US7805860B2 (en) * | 2005-09-26 | 2010-10-05 | Vibram S.P.A. | Footwear having independently articuable toe portions |
US7934325B2 (en) * | 2007-09-07 | 2011-05-03 | Nike, Inc. | Gymnastics footwear |
US7971374B2 (en) * | 2007-04-24 | 2011-07-05 | Hernandez Peter J | Apparatus for use in footwear and the like |
US7997009B2 (en) * | 2003-07-22 | 2011-08-16 | Keen, Inc. | Footwear having an enclosed and articulated toe |
US8230617B2 (en) * | 2007-09-27 | 2012-07-31 | Nike, Inc. | Article of footwear for water sports |
-
2011
- 2011-02-16 US US13/028,220 patent/US20110296715A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (12)
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US3013564A (en) * | 1959-08-17 | 1961-12-19 | Levey Harold | Foot-correcting moccasin-like inner slipper |
US3751727A (en) * | 1968-08-05 | 1973-08-14 | Nasa | Space suit |
US4040192A (en) * | 1976-06-07 | 1977-08-09 | Jose Miguel Perez | Athletic training shoe |
US5351421A (en) * | 1990-02-16 | 1994-10-04 | Miers David J | Sports shoe sole |
US5694706A (en) * | 1996-08-26 | 1997-12-09 | Penka; Etienne | Heelless athletic shoe |
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US7082703B2 (en) * | 2004-01-30 | 2006-08-01 | Nike, Inc. | Article of footwear for sand sports |
US7140129B2 (en) * | 2004-02-27 | 2006-11-28 | Nike, Inc. | Article of footwear with perforated covering and removable components |
US7805860B2 (en) * | 2005-09-26 | 2010-10-05 | Vibram S.P.A. | Footwear having independently articuable toe portions |
US7971374B2 (en) * | 2007-04-24 | 2011-07-05 | Hernandez Peter J | Apparatus for use in footwear and the like |
US7934325B2 (en) * | 2007-09-07 | 2011-05-03 | Nike, Inc. | Gymnastics footwear |
US8230617B2 (en) * | 2007-09-27 | 2012-07-31 | Nike, Inc. | Article of footwear for water sports |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DK179061B1 (en) * | 2016-08-17 | 2017-09-25 | Kasper Sørensen | Tube positioning outsole |
DK201600477A1 (en) * | 2016-08-17 | 2017-09-25 | Kasper Sørensen | Tube positioning outsole |
US20200170344A1 (en) * | 2017-08-04 | 2020-06-04 | Stefanie Miller Kwiatkowski | Slip resistant shoe |
US11589650B2 (en) * | 2017-08-04 | 2023-02-28 | Stefanie Miller Kwiatkowski | Slip resistant shoe |
US11369165B2 (en) | 2019-05-09 | 2022-06-28 | P J Philip Morrison | Shoe attachment for preventing toe walking |
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