US20120204329A1 - Helmet designs utilizing fluid-filled containers - Google Patents
Helmet designs utilizing fluid-filled containers Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20120204329A1 US20120204329A1 US13/267,590 US201113267590A US2012204329A1 US 20120204329 A1 US20120204329 A1 US 20120204329A1 US 201113267590 A US201113267590 A US 201113267590A US 2012204329 A1 US2012204329 A1 US 2012204329A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- liquid
- helmet
- kinetic energy
- yield point
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
- A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
- A41D31/28—Shock absorbing
- A41D31/285—Shock absorbing using layered materials
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
- A43B13/00—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units
- A43B13/14—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units characterised by the constructive form
- A43B13/18—Resilient soles
- A43B13/189—Resilient soles filled with a non-compressible fluid, e.g. gel, water
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A42—HEADWEAR
- A42B—HATS; HEAD COVERINGS
- A42B3/00—Helmets; Helmet covers ; Other protective head coverings
- A42B3/04—Parts, details or accessories of helmets
- A42B3/06—Impact-absorbing shells, e.g. of crash helmets
- A42B3/062—Impact-absorbing shells, e.g. of crash helmets with reinforcing means
- A42B3/063—Impact-absorbing shells, e.g. of crash helmets with reinforcing means using layered structures
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A42—HEADWEAR
- A42B—HATS; HEAD COVERINGS
- A42B3/00—Helmets; Helmet covers ; Other protective head coverings
- A42B3/04—Parts, details or accessories of helmets
- A42B3/06—Impact-absorbing shells, e.g. of crash helmets
- A42B3/062—Impact-absorbing shells, e.g. of crash helmets with reinforcing means
- A42B3/063—Impact-absorbing shells, e.g. of crash helmets with reinforcing means using layered structures
- A42B3/064—Impact-absorbing shells, e.g. of crash helmets with reinforcing means using layered structures with relative movement between layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B1/00—Layered products having a general shape other than plane
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
- B32B27/20—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives using fillers, pigments, thixotroping agents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form
- B32B3/02—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions
- B32B3/08—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions characterised by added members at particular parts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/14—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts, e.g. denser near its faces
- B32B5/145—Variation across the thickness of the layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/16—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer formed of particles, e.g. chips, powder or granules
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
- B32B5/30—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being formed of particles, e.g. chips, granules, powder
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H1/00—Personal protection gear
- F41H1/04—Protection helmets
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H1/00—Personal protection gear
- F41H1/04—Protection helmets
- F41H1/08—Protection helmets of plastics; Plastic head-shields
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
- F41H5/007—Reactive armour; Dynamic armour
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
- F41H5/02—Plate construction
- F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
- F41H5/0414—Layered armour containing ceramic material
- F41H5/0428—Ceramic layers in combination with additional layers made of fibres, fabrics or plastics
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
- F41H5/02—Plate construction
- F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
- F41H5/0492—Layered armour containing hard elements, e.g. plates, spheres, rods, separated from each other, the elements being connected to a further flexible layer or being embedded in a plastics or an elastomer matrix
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A44—HABERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
- A44B—BUTTONS, PINS, BUCKLES, SLIDE FASTENERS, OR THE LIKE
- A44B18/00—Fasteners of the touch-and-close type; Making such fasteners
- A44B18/0069—Details
- A44B18/0076—Adaptations for being fixed to a moulded article during moulding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
- B32B2260/02—Composition of the impregnated, bonded or embedded layer
- B32B2260/025—Particulate layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
- B32B2260/04—Impregnation, embedding, or binder material
- B32B2260/046—Synthetic resin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2264/00—Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
- B32B2264/10—Inorganic particles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2264/00—Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
- B32B2264/10—Inorganic particles
- B32B2264/101—Glass
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2264/00—Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
- B32B2264/10—Inorganic particles
- B32B2264/107—Ceramic
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2264/00—Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
- B32B2264/12—Mixture of at least two particles made of different materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
- B32B2307/56—Damping, energy absorption
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2419/00—Buildings or parts thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2437/00—Clothing
- B32B2437/04—Caps, helmets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2571/00—Protective equipment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2605/00—Vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form
- B32B3/10—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material
- B32B3/12—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material characterised by a layer of regularly- arranged cells, e.g. a honeycomb structure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form
- B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
- Y10T428/1334—Nonself-supporting tubular film or bag [e.g., pouch, envelope, packet, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24479—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including variation in thickness
- Y10T428/24496—Foamed or cellular component
- Y10T428/24504—Component comprises a polymer [e.g., rubber, etc.]
- Y10T428/24512—Polyurethane
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24479—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including variation in thickness
- Y10T428/24562—Interlaminar spaces
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24479—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including variation in thickness
- Y10T428/24612—Composite web or sheet
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24628—Nonplanar uniform thickness material
- Y10T428/24661—Forming, or cooperating to form cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
- Y10T428/24983—Hardness
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
- Y10T428/24992—Density or compression of components
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/25—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/25—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
- Y10T428/252—Glass or ceramic [i.e., fired or glazed clay, cement, etc.] [porcelain, quartz, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31678—Of metal
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
- Y10T442/637—Including strand or fiber material which is a monofilament composed of two or more polymeric materials in physically distinct relationship [e.g., sheath-core, side-by-side, islands-in-sea, fibrils-in-matrix, etc.] or composed of physical blend of chemically different polymeric materials or a physical blend of a polymeric material and a filler material
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to safety helmet design and more specifically to reducing kinetic energy transmission after various types of impacts utilizing fluid-filled containers.
- Brain injury is the leading cause of disability for military personnel deployed in Iraq and Afghanistan.
- military helmet designs have improved in recent years, they are intended primarily to prevent missile/shrapnel penetration, and do little to reduce the energy transmitted to the brain, which is a major contributor to subsequent disability.
- the mechanisms of traumatic brain injury due to blast forces remain unclear, but brain injuries related to explosives are by far the most common cause of death and disability in Iraq and Afghanistan.
- Experimental evidence indicates that the use of advanced body armor may contribute to the increase in brain injuries, both by protecting against death from injury to major non-brain organs such as the lung, and possibly by transmitting kinetic energy through larger blood vessels to the brain.
- the safety helmet will better protect the brain by limiting both direct missile trauma and secondary kinetic effects.
- the safety helmet has a first layer that comes in direct contact with an object and a second layer having a substance that changes state.
- the helmet can have a third or more layers having a substance that changes state.
- the second layer and optional additional layers each have a threshold shear yield point wherein upon contact with kinetic energy, if the threshold shear yield point of a layer is met, the layer will at least partially liquefy to yield a liquid and flow into pockets of space.
- Subsequent threshold shear yield points in a layer can differ from previous threshold shear yield points and become progressively higher in shear yield force required to cause liquid to flow.
- the liquid is ejected through an orifice and flows to internal holding chambers or space external to the helmet.
- the helmet can be reset such that after an impact causing liquid to flow, the substance state of the liquid is changed such that the liquid is returned to its original state prior to contact with kinetic energy.
- subsequent layers can contain both foam and liquid dispersion elements.
- the foam can be composed of any suitable compressible material formulated to have a range of mechanical compression strength.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a side view of a safety helmet with layers having fluid-filled containers
- FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary safety helmet method embodiment
- FIG. 3 illustrates a side view of safety helmet layers having substance-filled bubbles
- FIG. 4 illustrates a side view of safety helmet layers having substance-filled containers
- FIG. 5 illustrates a side view of safety helmet layers having substance-filled bubbles and compressible foam structures
- FIG. 6 illustrates a side view of safety helmet layers having substance-filled containers and compressible foam structures
- FIG. 7 illustrates a side view of safety helmet layers having substance-filled bubbles and internal holding chambers
- FIG. 8 illustrates a side view of safety helmet layers having substance-filled containers and internal holding chambers
- FIG. 9 illustrates a side view of safety helmet layers having substance-filled bubbles and an external orifice
- FIG. 10 illustrates a side view of safety helmet layers having substance-filled containers and an expandable sac
- FIG. 11 illustrates an exemplary safety helmet reset method embodiment.
- a safety helmet design is disclosed that reduces both the kinetic energy induced by impact and rotational forces.
- a brief introductory description of safety helmets is provided followed by a discussion of mathematical modeling used to optimize helmet layer design.
- a more detailed description of improved safety helmet designs utilizing fluid-filled containers will then follow.
- a helmet is used in the example embodiment, the layering principles can also be applied to a wall, body armor, a vehicle, or any protective layer that could use the principles disclosed herein.
- various embodiments of the disclosure include a wall having a series of layers and disclosed herein, body armor having the series of layers as well as a vehicle having an outer covering including the series of layers disclosed herein. The disclosure proceeds to discuss primarily a helmet embodiment.
- Stacks of various materials can be used in experiments to determine the abilities of the various materials to dissipate and spread out external forces.
- Mathematical modeling can be used to extrapolate from experimental data to the behaviors of actual helmets constructed of the various material stacks by constructing local models and constructing local-to-global models.
- a local model refers to a mathematical model of a single cylindrical stack. Such a model allows calculation, based upon an exogenous force exerted on the top surface of the stack, the amount of force transmitted to a particular point either internal to the stack or on the surfaces of the stack.
- a linear function involving three parameters a, b, c, which must be determined.
- the experimental data results in an over-determination of a, b, c, so that no set of values for a, b, c exactly matches the experimental data.
- the best that can be done is to determine the values of a, b, cis some “optimal fashion”—that is, so that some error function is minimized.
- the most common such error function is the sum of squares function:
- an accepted technique from finite-element analysis can be used, namely subdividing a helmet configuration into a large number of elemental configurations, the analysis of each of which can be handled by a local model, and then analyzing the interaction among adjacent elemental configurations.
- the surface of the helmet can be divided into a triangular lattice.
- a triangular prism can be obtained by a radial cut into the helmet along each side of the triangle.
- Each triangular prism can be regarded as embedded within a circular stack and thus subject to the analysis of a local model, which would allow an assessment of the transmission of forces between adjacent prisms in response to an exogenous force anywhere on the helmet surface.
- FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 illustrate an improved safety helmet design that reduces both the kinetic energy induced by impact and rotational forces.
- the safety helmet will better protect the brain by limiting both direct missile trauma and secondary kinetic effects.
- the safety helmet 102 receives contact of an object that transfers kinetic energy to a first layer 104 , 202 .
- the first layer can be a composite composed of a discrete reinforcement and a continuous binder, such as a polymer, or can be any other material such as Kevlar or steel that can spread kinetic energy
- a polymer is a large molecule composed of repeating structural units, the units typically connected by covalent chemical bonds.
- Natural polymeric materials include shellac, and cellulose and synthetic polymers include neoprene, PVC, silicone and more.
- the discrete reinforcement is composed of particles that can have differing sizes, shapes and can be different materials such as ceramic or glass.
- the reinforcement is at least one particle and has particles with a size greater than one micron.
- the continuous binder binds particles to one another to yield the composite in the first composite layer of the safety helmet.
- the helmet uses a second layer having a substance that changes state to transfer kinetic energy laterally with respect to the skull 204 .
- the helmet can have a third or more layers having a substance that changes state.
- the third layer is adjacent to the second layer, the fourth layer is adjacent to the third, and so on.
- the second layer 106 and optional additional layers each have a threshold shear yield point wherein upon contact with kinetic energy, if the threshold shear yield point of a layer is met, the layer will at least partially liquefy to yield a liquid and flow into pockets of space.
- a threshold shear yield point is the point at which a substance changes state.
- Different Bingham liquid plastics or other liquids having similar properties can be used in the helmet. Bingham plastic liquids are characterized as having no flow, or solid behavior, when the applied shear force is below a threshold value. Above this threshold, the liquid will have a shear thinning behavior, or a thick liquid flow.
- Subsequent threshold shear yield points in a layer can differ from previous threshold shear yield points and become progressively higher in shear yield force required to cause liquid to flow.
- a third layer can have one or more threshold shear yield points higher than a second layer
- a fourth layer can have one or more threshold shear yields point higher than a third layer.
- layers can partially or completely liquefy to reduce the impact that a head receives.
- subsequent threshold shear yield points in a layer can be the same or lower as previous threshold shear yield points.
- FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 illustrate side views of safety helmet layers.
- the first layer is an outside layer 302 , 402 that comes into contact with an object.
- the second layer 304 , 404 adjacent to a respective first layer 302 , 402 can consist of bubbles 306 or other containers 406 filled with a substance, such that when a threshold shear yield point for the layer is met, liquid flows from the bubbles 306 or other containers 406 to displace force laterally with respect to the skull.
- Liquid can be ejected through an orifice and flow to internal space such as internal storage chambers 108 , 408 or can flow to space external to the helmet 110 .
- the internal storage chambers 108 can be initially collapsed 110 and can expand as the liquid flows into the chambers 112 or chambers can be rigid. Helmet layers can be bonded by at least one storage chamber. Layers of phase changing liquid plastics can be separated by storage layers that can serve as expandable binding layers. Boundaries between layers can be thick, thin, rigid, flexible, interconnected, not interconnected or any combination thereof.
- the substance-filled containers can be made from any impermeable plastic, for example polypropylene.
- the liquids can be made from suitable liquids with a suitable range of formulation. Examples include silicone oils, polyvinyl alcohol mixtures with cross-linking, polyethylene oxides or other synthetic polymers, and mixtures with diluents including water and silicone oils.
- second and additional layers in a structure can contain both foam and liquid dispersion elements.
- the foam can be composed of any suitable compressible material, for example polyurethane, formulated to have a range of mechanical compressible strength.
- a second layer can compress and have expansion structures such that at least one expansion structure expands into an expansion zone in the second layer to transfer kinetic energy upon impact.
- Each expansion structure has a first base configured to be adjacent to the first layer and a first tip, and a second base configured to be adjacent to a third layer and a second tip, such that the first tip is in contact with the second tip in a mirrored configuration.
- a helmet can have a first composite layer that receives contact of an object that transfers kinetic energy and a second layer having a substance that changes state to transfer kinetic energy laterally with respect to the skull and can have expansion structures that expand into an expansion zone in the second layer.
- the second layer can have multiple foam structures with graded physical properties.
- the graded physical properties can be created from the chemical composition of the foam, by incorporation of different sizes of reinforcements, or by physical shaping of the foam.
- Subsequent layers can contain any number of foam dispersion elements in any location within the layers. Each subsequent layer can contain differing sizes of reinforcements, physical shaping, etc. from at least one other of the layers.
- FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 illustrate structures having a second layer with both liquid and foam dispersion elements.
- a first layer 502 , 602 is an outside layer that comes into contact with an object.
- a second layer 504 , 604 has both liquid and foam dispersion elements.
- a second layer 504 can contain graded foam structures 506 and liquid-filled bubbles 508 . When the threshold shear yield point for the second layer is met, the bubbles pop causing liquid to flow into empty internal space 510 surrounding the bubbles and the foam compresses and expands into empty space 510 to absorb shock from an impact.
- a second layer 604 can contain graded foam structures 606 having elements with differing shapes and liquid-filled containers 608 .
- liquid-filled containers can open, causing liquid to flow into empty space 610 surrounding the containers and foam can compress and expand into empty space 610 to absorb shock.
- liquid can flow from containers 612 into an expandable sac that expands when liquid flows 614 .
- FIG. 7 illustrates fluid from popped bubbles flowing into internal holding chambers
- FIG. 8 illustrates fluid from containers flowing into internal holding chambers.
- a first layer 702 , 802 is an outside layer that comes into contact with an object.
- a second layer can have liquid dispersion elements.
- a second layer 704 can contain liquid-filled bubbles 706 that can pop when the threshold shear yield point for the layer is met. Liquid can flow into empty space surrounding the bubbles 708 and can flow into an internal storage chamber 710 .
- a second layer 804 can contain liquid-filled containers 806 that can open for liquid to flow into an internal storage chamber 808 when the threshold shear yield point for the layer is met.
- FIG. 9 illustrates fluid from popped bubbles flowing into an external orifice
- FIG. 10 illustrates fluid from opened containers flowing into an external orifice
- a first layer 902 , 1002 is an outside layer that comes into contact with an object.
- a second layer 904 , 1004 has liquid dispersion elements.
- a second layer 904 contains liquid-filled bubbles 906 that can pop when the threshold shear yield point for the layer is met.
- the liquid can flow into an orifice 908 to external space by flowing through a first layer 902 or by any other means. Additionally, liquid can flow into internal storage chambers 910 when the threshold shear yield point for a layer is met.
- a second layer 1004 can contain liquid-filled containers 1006 that can open when the threshold shear yield point for the layer is met and can have graded foam structures 1008 that compress upon impact with an object.
- Liquid can flow to space external to a helmet using an orifice 1010 an can flow through a first layer 1002 or by any other means.
- Liquid can flow into an expandable sac 1012 that is external to the second layer and/or helmet structure.
- liquid can flow into an expandable sac internal to the helmet 1014 or liquid can flow to expandable sacs both internal 1014 and external 1012 to the helmet.
- the expandable sac 1012 can expand when liquid flows into the sac and can serve as a visual indicator to a helmet wearer or to others the severity of an impact. Any combination of fluid-filled bubbles, fluid-filled containers, fluid dispersion techniques and compressible foam for slowing or redirecting the transfer of force away from the head from an impacting object are contemplated.
- the helmet can be reset such that after an impact causing liquid to flow, liquid flows from a container or other source back to its initial location or a new location within the helmet.
- FIG. 11 illustrates resetting a helmet structure after impact.
- another device can be used or the helmet itself can reset such that liquid returns to its original state prior to contact with an object that transfers kinetic energy 1102 and returns the liquid to its original location within the structure 1104 .
- the liquid returns to its original state prior to contact with kinetic energy and the liquid returns to another location within the structure.
- a helmet with an external expandable fluid-filled sac is reset such that the fluid flows from the sac back into one or more containers through an orifice or other means.
- a helmet with an external expandable fluid-filled sac is reset such that fluid flows from the sac back into one or more empty containers although the fluid was originally stored in bubbles.
- This more complex helmet is designed to handle multiple impacts appropriate for football helmets, motorcycle helmets and military helmets.
Abstract
Description
- This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/442,469, filed 14 Feb. 2011, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.
- 1. Technical Field
- The present disclosure relates to safety helmet design and more specifically to reducing kinetic energy transmission after various types of impacts utilizing fluid-filled containers.
- 2. Introduction
- In the United States, hundreds of thousands of people each year are involved in athletic, cycling or motorcycle accidents resulting in head injury. Much of the subsequent damage is caused by the transmission of kinetic energy to the brain, as well as shear forces. Although existing bicycle helmets reduce deaths and brain injuries, current designs focus more on aesthetics and aerodynamic performance than safety, in part due to market demands. In addition, the helmet industry is essentially self-regulating and therefore not likely to make significant improvements to helmets unless the improvements prove to be cost-effective and/or markedly more effective. Advances in polymeric materials provide novel approaches to helmet design and construction. Significant improvements in viscoelastic (active) dampening, low loss elastomers, and gradient rigidity materials have already given rise to enhanced athletic equipment and protective gear.
- Crashes and impacts to the head in sports often result in head trauma due to the rigid construction of helmets. The severe consequences of concussive brain injuries have become increasingly recognized in many sports, particularly recently in professional football and ice hockey. It has also long been recognized that boxers often suffer significant cognitive decline, even in non-professional contests where protective head gear is required. Professional and college sports teams would likely switch to a new type of helmet, if such a design were clearly shown to reduce post-traumatic brain injury.
- In addition to athletics, improved helmet designs have applications in the military. Brain injury is the leading cause of disability for military personnel deployed in Iraq and Afghanistan. Although military helmet designs have improved in recent years, they are intended primarily to prevent missile/shrapnel penetration, and do little to reduce the energy transmitted to the brain, which is a major contributor to subsequent disability. The mechanisms of traumatic brain injury due to blast forces remain unclear, but brain injuries related to explosives are by far the most common cause of death and disability in Iraq and Afghanistan. Experimental evidence indicates that the use of advanced body armor may contribute to the increase in brain injuries, both by protecting against death from injury to major non-brain organs such as the lung, and possibly by transmitting kinetic energy through larger blood vessels to the brain.
- Existing helmet designs do not adequately address the critical problem: kinetic energy from the impact is transmitted to the brain through primary, secondary and tertiary mechanisms—resulting in concussion, brain damage and even death.
- Additional features and advantages of the disclosure will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or can be learned by practice of the herein disclosed principles. The features and advantages of the disclosure can be realized and obtained by means of the instruments and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims. These and other features of the disclosure will become more fully apparent from the following description and appended claims, or can be learned by the practice of the principles set forth herein.
- Disclosed is a structure for improved safety helmet designs utilizing fluid-filled containers that reduce the kinetic energy induced by impact and rotational forces. The safety helmet will better protect the brain by limiting both direct missile trauma and secondary kinetic effects. The safety helmet has a first layer that comes in direct contact with an object and a second layer having a substance that changes state. Optionally, the helmet can have a third or more layers having a substance that changes state. The second layer and optional additional layers each have a threshold shear yield point wherein upon contact with kinetic energy, if the threshold shear yield point of a layer is met, the layer will at least partially liquefy to yield a liquid and flow into pockets of space. Subsequent threshold shear yield points in a layer can differ from previous threshold shear yield points and become progressively higher in shear yield force required to cause liquid to flow. The liquid is ejected through an orifice and flows to internal holding chambers or space external to the helmet. In one embodiment, the helmet can be reset such that after an impact causing liquid to flow, the substance state of the liquid is changed such that the liquid is returned to its original state prior to contact with kinetic energy. In another embodiment, subsequent layers can contain both foam and liquid dispersion elements. The foam can be composed of any suitable compressible material formulated to have a range of mechanical compression strength.
- In order to describe the manner in which the above-recited and other advantages and features of the disclosure can be obtained, a more particular description of the principles briefly described above will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings. Understanding that these drawings depict only exemplary embodiments of the disclosure and are not therefore to be considered to be limiting of its scope, the principles herein are described and explained with additional specificity and detail through the use of the accompanying drawings in which:
-
FIG. 1 illustrates a side view of a safety helmet with layers having fluid-filled containers; -
FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary safety helmet method embodiment; -
FIG. 3 illustrates a side view of safety helmet layers having substance-filled bubbles; -
FIG. 4 illustrates a side view of safety helmet layers having substance-filled containers; -
FIG. 5 illustrates a side view of safety helmet layers having substance-filled bubbles and compressible foam structures; -
FIG. 6 illustrates a side view of safety helmet layers having substance-filled containers and compressible foam structures; -
FIG. 7 illustrates a side view of safety helmet layers having substance-filled bubbles and internal holding chambers; -
FIG. 8 illustrates a side view of safety helmet layers having substance-filled containers and internal holding chambers; -
FIG. 9 illustrates a side view of safety helmet layers having substance-filled bubbles and an external orifice; -
FIG. 10 illustrates a side view of safety helmet layers having substance-filled containers and an expandable sac; and -
FIG. 11 illustrates an exemplary safety helmet reset method embodiment. - Various embodiments of the disclosure are discussed in detail below. While specific implementations are discussed, it should be understood that this is done for illustration purposes only. A person skilled in the relevant art will recognize that other components and configurations may be used without parting from the spirit and scope of the disclosure.
- The present disclosure addresses the need in the art for improved safety helmet designs. A safety helmet design is disclosed that reduces both the kinetic energy induced by impact and rotational forces. A brief introductory description of safety helmets is provided followed by a discussion of mathematical modeling used to optimize helmet layer design. A more detailed description of improved safety helmet designs utilizing fluid-filled containers will then follow. While a helmet is used in the example embodiment, the layering principles can also be applied to a wall, body armor, a vehicle, or any protective layer that could use the principles disclosed herein. Accordingly, various embodiments of the disclosure include a wall having a series of layers and disclosed herein, body armor having the series of layers as well as a vehicle having an outer covering including the series of layers disclosed herein. The disclosure proceeds to discuss primarily a helmet embodiment.
- Traditional design for both military and recreational helmets includes a rigid outer material to prevent penetration of the skull and brain, as well as some type of lining material to absorb some of the shock and to enhance comfort. However, few modern designs adequately address the critical problems leading to brain damage: kinetic energy transmitted to the brain and rotation (particularly axial acceleration/deceleration).
- By using novel materials and composites that are organized upon mathematically defined principles to maximize the relative dissipation of transmitted kinetic energy, as well as to limit rotational components, development of a new design for helmets and body armor should markedly reduce posttraumatic brain injuries from various types of insults and impacts. The initial target outcome is a set of disruptive technological advances in helmet design that improve the survivability of impact trauma to the head for use in military and civilian applications.
- Stacks of various materials can be used in experiments to determine the abilities of the various materials to dissipate and spread out external forces. Mathematical modeling can be used to extrapolate from experimental data to the behaviors of actual helmets constructed of the various material stacks by constructing local models and constructing local-to-global models.
- A local model refers to a mathematical model of a single cylindrical stack. Such a model allows calculation, based upon an exogenous force exerted on the top surface of the stack, the amount of force transmitted to a particular point either internal to the stack or on the surfaces of the stack.
- Consider a particular stack on which is imposed a rectangular coordinate system (x, y, z). Further, suppose that the vector function F(x, y, z) represents the magnitude of the force experienced at point (x, y, z) of the stack from a known exogenous impact on the stack. Yet further, suppose that experimental data results in measurement of the value of F(x, y, z) at N particular stack points, say
-
(x i ,y i ,z i)(i=1, . . . ,N) - Based on the geometric description of the stack, the properties of the materials composing the stack, and an analysis of the physics of force transmission through the stack, the general mathematical form of the function F(x, y, z), up to a set of parameters. For example, in a simple case, the function might have the form:
-
F(x,y,z)=ax+by+cz - a linear function, involving three parameters a, b, c, which must be determined. Generally, the experimental data results in an over-determination of a, b, c, so that no set of values for a, b, c exactly matches the experimental data. The best that can be done is to determine the values of a, b, cis some “optimal fashion”—that is, so that some error function is minimized. The most common such error function is the sum of squares function:
-
- In case F(x, y, z) is linear, as in the above example, the determination of a, b, c is just the well-known problem of linear regression analysis. However, in actual practice, the function F may involve more or fewer parameters and is generally highly non-linear, especially for materials with complicated behaviors. In such instances, the error function E is a much more complex function and the problem of minimizing the sums of the squares of the errors is a non-linear optimization problem, which we have had considerable experience addressing.
- In order to proceed from the local models to actual helmets configurations, an accepted technique from finite-element analysis can be used, namely subdividing a helmet configuration into a large number of elemental configurations, the analysis of each of which can be handled by a local model, and then analyzing the interaction among adjacent elemental configurations.
- For the case of the helmet configurations, the surface of the helmet can be divided into a triangular lattice. Corresponding to each triangle, a triangular prism can be obtained by a radial cut into the helmet along each side of the triangle. Each triangular prism can be regarded as embedded within a circular stack and thus subject to the analysis of a local model, which would allow an assessment of the transmission of forces between adjacent prisms in response to an exogenous force anywhere on the helmet surface.
- Of particular interest would be the proportion of the initial energy which is transmitted to the bottom of the prisms, the maximum forces transmitted, and their respective locations. This information can be used to compare the effectiveness of various material stacks and helmet configurations.
- Having disclosed some mathematical modeling used to optimize helmet layer design, the disclosure now turns to
FIG. 1 andFIG. 2 .FIG. 1 andFIG. 2 illustrate an improved safety helmet design that reduces both the kinetic energy induced by impact and rotational forces. The safety helmet will better protect the brain by limiting both direct missile trauma and secondary kinetic effects. Thesafety helmet 102 receives contact of an object that transfers kinetic energy to afirst layer - The helmet uses a second layer having a substance that changes state to transfer kinetic energy laterally with respect to the
skull 204. Optionally, the helmet can have a third or more layers having a substance that changes state. The third layer is adjacent to the second layer, the fourth layer is adjacent to the third, and so on. Thesecond layer 106 and optional additional layers each have a threshold shear yield point wherein upon contact with kinetic energy, if the threshold shear yield point of a layer is met, the layer will at least partially liquefy to yield a liquid and flow into pockets of space. A threshold shear yield point is the point at which a substance changes state. Different Bingham liquid plastics or other liquids having similar properties can be used in the helmet. Bingham plastic liquids are characterized as having no flow, or solid behavior, when the applied shear force is below a threshold value. Above this threshold, the liquid will have a shear thinning behavior, or a thick liquid flow. - Subsequent threshold shear yield points in a layer can differ from previous threshold shear yield points and become progressively higher in shear yield force required to cause liquid to flow. For example, a third layer can have one or more threshold shear yield points higher than a second layer, and a fourth layer can have one or more threshold shear yields point higher than a third layer. Upon impact with a source of kinetic energy, layers can partially or completely liquefy to reduce the impact that a head receives. Alternately, subsequent threshold shear yield points in a layer can be the same or lower as previous threshold shear yield points.
-
FIG. 3 andFIG. 4 illustrate side views of safety helmet layers. The first layer is anoutside layer second layer first layer bubbles 306 orother containers 406 filled with a substance, such that when a threshold shear yield point for the layer is met, liquid flows from thebubbles 306 orother containers 406 to displace force laterally with respect to the skull. Liquid can be ejected through an orifice and flow to internal space such asinternal storage chambers helmet 110. Theinternal storage chambers 108 can be initially collapsed 110 and can expand as the liquid flows into thechambers 112 or chambers can be rigid. Helmet layers can be bonded by at least one storage chamber. Layers of phase changing liquid plastics can be separated by storage layers that can serve as expandable binding layers. Boundaries between layers can be thick, thin, rigid, flexible, interconnected, not interconnected or any combination thereof. The substance-filled containers can be made from any impermeable plastic, for example polypropylene. The liquids can be made from suitable liquids with a suitable range of formulation. Examples include silicone oils, polyvinyl alcohol mixtures with cross-linking, polyethylene oxides or other synthetic polymers, and mixtures with diluents including water and silicone oils. - In one embodiment, second and additional layers in a structure can contain both foam and liquid dispersion elements. The foam can be composed of any suitable compressible material, for example polyurethane, formulated to have a range of mechanical compressible strength. A second layer can compress and have expansion structures such that at least one expansion structure expands into an expansion zone in the second layer to transfer kinetic energy upon impact. Each expansion structure has a first base configured to be adjacent to the first layer and a first tip, and a second base configured to be adjacent to a third layer and a second tip, such that the first tip is in contact with the second tip in a mirrored configuration. For example, a helmet can have a first composite layer that receives contact of an object that transfers kinetic energy and a second layer having a substance that changes state to transfer kinetic energy laterally with respect to the skull and can have expansion structures that expand into an expansion zone in the second layer. The second layer can have multiple foam structures with graded physical properties. The graded physical properties can be created from the chemical composition of the foam, by incorporation of different sizes of reinforcements, or by physical shaping of the foam. Subsequent layers can contain any number of foam dispersion elements in any location within the layers. Each subsequent layer can contain differing sizes of reinforcements, physical shaping, etc. from at least one other of the layers.
-
FIG. 5 andFIG. 6 illustrate structures having a second layer with both liquid and foam dispersion elements. Afirst layer second layer second layer 504 can contain gradedfoam structures 506 and liquid-filledbubbles 508. When the threshold shear yield point for the second layer is met, the bubbles pop causing liquid to flow into emptyinternal space 510 surrounding the bubbles and the foam compresses and expands intoempty space 510 to absorb shock from an impact. Asecond layer 604 can contain gradedfoam structures 606 having elements with differing shapes and liquid-filledcontainers 608. When the threshold shear yield point for a second layer is met, liquid-filled containers can open, causing liquid to flow intoempty space 610 surrounding the containers and foam can compress and expand intoempty space 610 to absorb shock. Alternately, liquid can flow fromcontainers 612 into an expandable sac that expands when liquid flows 614. -
FIG. 7 illustrates fluid from popped bubbles flowing into internal holding chambers andFIG. 8 illustrates fluid from containers flowing into internal holding chambers. Afirst layer second layer 704 can contain liquid-filledbubbles 706 that can pop when the threshold shear yield point for the layer is met. Liquid can flow into empty space surrounding thebubbles 708 and can flow into aninternal storage chamber 710. Asecond layer 804 can contain liquid-filledcontainers 806 that can open for liquid to flow into aninternal storage chamber 808 when the threshold shear yield point for the layer is met. -
FIG. 9 illustrates fluid from popped bubbles flowing into an external orifice andFIG. 10 illustrates fluid from opened containers flowing into an external orifice. Afirst layer second layer second layer 904 contains liquid-filledbubbles 906 that can pop when the threshold shear yield point for the layer is met. The liquid can flow into anorifice 908 to external space by flowing through afirst layer 902 or by any other means. Additionally, liquid can flow intointernal storage chambers 910 when the threshold shear yield point for a layer is met. Asecond layer 1004 can contain liquid-filledcontainers 1006 that can open when the threshold shear yield point for the layer is met and can have gradedfoam structures 1008 that compress upon impact with an object. Liquid can flow to space external to a helmet using anorifice 1010 an can flow through afirst layer 1002 or by any other means. Liquid can flow into anexpandable sac 1012 that is external to the second layer and/or helmet structure. Alternately, liquid can flow into an expandable sac internal to thehelmet 1014 or liquid can flow to expandable sacs both internal 1014 and external 1012 to the helmet. Theexpandable sac 1012 can expand when liquid flows into the sac and can serve as a visual indicator to a helmet wearer or to others the severity of an impact. Any combination of fluid-filled bubbles, fluid-filled containers, fluid dispersion techniques and compressible foam for slowing or redirecting the transfer of force away from the head from an impacting object are contemplated. - In one embodiment, the helmet can be reset such that after an impact causing liquid to flow, liquid flows from a container or other source back to its initial location or a new location within the helmet.
FIG. 11 illustrates resetting a helmet structure after impact. After an impact, another device can be used or the helmet itself can reset such that liquid returns to its original state prior to contact with an object that transferskinetic energy 1102 and returns the liquid to its original location within thestructure 1104. Alternately, after an impact the liquid returns to its original state prior to contact with kinetic energy and the liquid returns to another location within the structure. For example, after an impact a helmet with an external expandable fluid-filled sac is reset such that the fluid flows from the sac back into one or more containers through an orifice or other means. Alternately, after an impact a helmet with an external expandable fluid-filled sac is reset such that fluid flows from the sac back into one or more empty containers although the fluid was originally stored in bubbles. This more complex helmet is designed to handle multiple impacts appropriate for football helmets, motorcycle helmets and military helmets. - The various embodiments described above are provided by way of illustration only and should not be construed to limit the scope of the disclosure. Thus, for a claim that recites a structure that deflects and spreads kinetic energy, the structure could apply in any application disclosed herein (vehicle, helmet, body armor, building protection, etc.) as well as other structures not listed. Those skilled in the art will readily recognize various modifications and changes that may be made to the principles described herein without following the example embodiments and applications illustrated and described herein, and without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure.
Claims (13)
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US13/267,590 US20120204329A1 (en) | 2011-02-14 | 2011-10-06 | Helmet designs utilizing fluid-filled containers |
PCT/US2012/025050 WO2012112554A2 (en) | 2011-02-14 | 2012-02-14 | Improved helmet design |
US14/562,242 US9572389B2 (en) | 2011-02-14 | 2014-12-05 | Impact and explosive force minimization structures |
US14/563,545 US9462847B2 (en) | 2011-02-14 | 2014-12-08 | Impact and explosive force minimization structures |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201161442469P | 2011-02-14 | 2011-02-14 | |
US13/267,590 US20120204329A1 (en) | 2011-02-14 | 2011-10-06 | Helmet designs utilizing fluid-filled containers |
Related Parent Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US13/267,604 Continuation-In-Part US20120208032A1 (en) | 2011-02-14 | 2011-10-06 | Helmet designs utilizing an outer slip layer |
US14/563,545 Continuation-In-Part US9462847B2 (en) | 2011-02-14 | 2014-12-08 | Impact and explosive force minimization structures |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US13/267,551 Continuation-In-Part US8927088B2 (en) | 2011-02-14 | 2011-10-06 | Helmet designs utilizing foam structures having graded properties |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20120204329A1 true US20120204329A1 (en) | 2012-08-16 |
Family
ID=46635713
Family Applications (7)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US13/267,519 Abandoned US20120204327A1 (en) | 2011-02-14 | 2011-10-06 | Helmet design utilizing nanocomposites |
US13/267,604 Abandoned US20120208032A1 (en) | 2011-02-14 | 2011-10-06 | Helmet designs utilizing an outer slip layer |
US13/267,590 Abandoned US20120204329A1 (en) | 2011-02-14 | 2011-10-06 | Helmet designs utilizing fluid-filled containers |
US13/267,551 Expired - Fee Related US8927088B2 (en) | 2011-02-14 | 2011-10-06 | Helmet designs utilizing foam structures having graded properties |
US14/139,012 Abandoned US20140109298A1 (en) | 2011-02-14 | 2013-12-23 | Helmet designs utilizing an outer slip layer |
US14/563,545 Expired - Fee Related US9462847B2 (en) | 2011-02-14 | 2014-12-08 | Impact and explosive force minimization structures |
US14/590,101 Abandoned US20150125663A1 (en) | 2011-02-14 | 2015-01-06 | Helmet designs utilizing foam structures having graded properties |
Family Applications Before (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US13/267,519 Abandoned US20120204327A1 (en) | 2011-02-14 | 2011-10-06 | Helmet design utilizing nanocomposites |
US13/267,604 Abandoned US20120208032A1 (en) | 2011-02-14 | 2011-10-06 | Helmet designs utilizing an outer slip layer |
Family Applications After (4)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US13/267,551 Expired - Fee Related US8927088B2 (en) | 2011-02-14 | 2011-10-06 | Helmet designs utilizing foam structures having graded properties |
US14/139,012 Abandoned US20140109298A1 (en) | 2011-02-14 | 2013-12-23 | Helmet designs utilizing an outer slip layer |
US14/563,545 Expired - Fee Related US9462847B2 (en) | 2011-02-14 | 2014-12-08 | Impact and explosive force minimization structures |
US14/590,101 Abandoned US20150125663A1 (en) | 2011-02-14 | 2015-01-06 | Helmet designs utilizing foam structures having graded properties |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (7) | US20120204327A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2012112554A2 (en) |
Cited By (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20130230836A1 (en) * | 2012-02-22 | 2013-09-05 | Marshall Street Entertainment, Inc. | Helmet with stage blood indicator to simulate head injury |
US20150033453A1 (en) * | 2013-07-31 | 2015-02-05 | Zymplr LC | Football helmet liner to reduce concussions and traumatic brain injuries |
US9032558B2 (en) | 2011-05-23 | 2015-05-19 | Lionhead Helmet Intellectual Properties, Lp | Helmet system |
US20160255900A1 (en) * | 2013-11-05 | 2016-09-08 | University Of Washington Through Its Center For Commercialization | Protective helmets with non-linearly deforming elements |
US20160278468A1 (en) * | 2010-02-26 | 2016-09-29 | Thl Holding Company, Llc | Protective helmet |
US9961952B2 (en) | 2015-08-17 | 2018-05-08 | Bauer Hockey, Llc | Helmet for impact protection |
US10244809B2 (en) | 2013-12-18 | 2019-04-02 | Linares Medical Devices, Llc | Helmet for attenuating impact event |
US10306941B2 (en) | 2011-07-27 | 2019-06-04 | Bauer Hockey, Llc | Sports helmet with rotational impact protection |
US10477909B2 (en) | 2013-12-19 | 2019-11-19 | Bauer Hockey, Llc | Helmet for impact protection |
US10739112B1 (en) * | 2013-08-15 | 2020-08-11 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Impulse dampening system for emergency egress |
US10813401B2 (en) | 2013-07-31 | 2020-10-27 | Zymplr LC | Headband to reduce concussions and traumatic brain injuries |
US10869520B1 (en) | 2019-11-07 | 2020-12-22 | Lionhead Helmet Intellectual Properties, Lp | Helmet |
US11547166B1 (en) | 2022-02-11 | 2023-01-10 | Lionhead Helmet Intellectual Properties, Lp | Helmet |
US11641904B1 (en) | 2022-11-09 | 2023-05-09 | Lionhead Helmet Intellectual Properties, Lp | Helmet |
US11660846B2 (en) | 2015-04-30 | 2023-05-30 | Board Of Trustees Of Michigan State University | Composite article and method of manufacture |
Families Citing this family (63)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9289024B2 (en) | 2007-04-16 | 2016-03-22 | Riddell, Inc. | Protective sports helmet |
US20120204327A1 (en) * | 2011-02-14 | 2012-08-16 | Kinetica Inc. | Helmet design utilizing nanocomposites |
USD838922S1 (en) | 2011-05-02 | 2019-01-22 | Riddell, Inc. | Football helmet |
USD681281S1 (en) | 2011-05-02 | 2013-04-30 | Riddell, Inc. | Protective sports helmet |
EP3673757A1 (en) * | 2011-06-30 | 2020-07-01 | Simon Fraser University | Impact diverting mechanism |
US8863319B2 (en) * | 2011-07-21 | 2014-10-21 | Brainguard Technologies, Inc. | Biomechanics aware protective gear |
US20130042748A1 (en) * | 2011-08-17 | 2013-02-21 | The Government Of The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Mesostructure Based Scatterers in Helmet Suspension Pads |
US9763488B2 (en) | 2011-09-09 | 2017-09-19 | Riddell, Inc. | Protective sports helmet |
DE102012022542A1 (en) * | 2011-12-19 | 2013-06-20 | Oliver Schimpf | Helmet; Method for reducing or preventing head injury |
DE13782498T1 (en) * | 2012-04-24 | 2015-04-23 | Bell Sports, Inc. | Snow protection and ski helmet |
US11464271B2 (en) * | 2012-05-14 | 2022-10-11 | William A. Jacob | Energy dissipating helmet |
US9370216B2 (en) * | 2012-06-20 | 2016-06-21 | Charles W. Brantley | Safety helmet |
US9348949B2 (en) * | 2012-12-18 | 2016-05-24 | California Institute Of Technology | Sound proof helmet |
US10159296B2 (en) | 2013-01-18 | 2018-12-25 | Riddell, Inc. | System and method for custom forming a protective helmet for a customer's head |
US11389059B2 (en) | 2013-01-25 | 2022-07-19 | Wesley W. O. Krueger | Ocular-performance-based head impact measurement using a faceguard |
US10602927B2 (en) | 2013-01-25 | 2020-03-31 | Wesley W. O. Krueger | Ocular-performance-based head impact measurement using a faceguard |
US11490809B2 (en) | 2013-01-25 | 2022-11-08 | Wesley W. O. Krueger | Ocular parameter-based head impact measurement using a face shield |
US20140208486A1 (en) * | 2013-01-25 | 2014-07-31 | Wesley W.O. Krueger | Impact reduction helmet |
US11504051B2 (en) | 2013-01-25 | 2022-11-22 | Wesley W. O. Krueger | Systems and methods for observing eye and head information to measure ocular parameters and determine human health status |
US10716469B2 (en) | 2013-01-25 | 2020-07-21 | Wesley W. O. Krueger | Ocular-performance-based head impact measurement applied to rotationally-centered impact mitigation systems and methods |
US20140352038A1 (en) * | 2013-05-31 | 2014-12-04 | Lenard Harris | Shell for a protective helmet |
US9717297B2 (en) * | 2013-05-31 | 2017-08-01 | Lenard Harris | Shell for a protective helmet |
EP2837300B1 (en) * | 2013-08-16 | 2016-05-25 | Catlike Sport Components, S.L. | Protective helmet for the head |
US10414921B1 (en) | 2013-09-04 | 2019-09-17 | Virfex, LLC | Polyurethane foam based ballistic armor |
CA2929623C (en) | 2013-12-06 | 2024-02-20 | Bell Sports, Inc. | Flexible multi-layer helmet and method for making the same |
US9924756B2 (en) * | 2013-12-09 | 2018-03-27 | Stephen Craig Hyman | Total contact helmet |
US10721987B2 (en) | 2014-10-28 | 2020-07-28 | Bell Sports, Inc. | Protective helmet |
US20160169633A1 (en) * | 2014-12-10 | 2016-06-16 | Luoyu Roy XU | Armor, shields and helmets with highly property-mismatched interface materials to reduce dynamic force and damage |
FR3032378B1 (en) * | 2015-02-10 | 2019-08-30 | Diplosystem | COMPOSITE MATERIAL AND ASSOCIATED PROTECTIVE DEVICES |
US20160242485A1 (en) * | 2015-02-25 | 2016-08-25 | Steven Christopher CARTON | Helmet |
US9756891B1 (en) | 2015-06-11 | 2017-09-12 | James Robb McGhie | Apparatus for protecting the head of a person from an external force |
GB201511641D0 (en) * | 2015-07-02 | 2015-08-19 | Mips Ab | Helmet |
ITUB20152289A1 (en) * | 2015-07-17 | 2017-01-17 | Anomaly Action Sports S R L | PROTECTIVE HELMET. |
EP3357364A3 (en) * | 2015-07-17 | 2018-11-14 | Anomaly Action Sports S.r.l. | Protective helmet |
CN108348027A (en) * | 2015-09-22 | 2018-07-31 | 阿克伦大学 | Surge protection and damping device |
WO2017075671A1 (en) * | 2015-11-05 | 2017-05-11 | Hahn Allan | Protective equipment with impact absorbing structure |
US10463099B2 (en) * | 2015-12-11 | 2019-11-05 | Bell Sports, Inc. | Protective helmet with multiple energy management liners |
US11864599B2 (en) * | 2015-12-18 | 2024-01-09 | Matscitechno Licensing Company | Apparatuses, systems and methods for equipment for protecting the human body by absorbing and dissipating forces imparted to the body |
US11229256B1 (en) | 2016-01-29 | 2022-01-25 | Aes R&D, Llc | Face mask shock-mounted to helmet shell |
US10226094B2 (en) | 2016-01-29 | 2019-03-12 | Aes R&D, Llc | Helmet for tangential and direct impacts |
US10143256B2 (en) | 2016-01-29 | 2018-12-04 | Aes R&D, Llc | Protective helmet for lateral and direct impacts |
TWI581838B (en) * | 2016-03-23 | 2017-05-11 | 國立清華大學 | Pad with sensor and protector thereof |
WO2017171694A1 (en) | 2016-03-27 | 2017-10-05 | Tutunaru Catalin | Football helmet |
US10271603B2 (en) | 2016-04-12 | 2019-04-30 | Bell Sports, Inc. | Protective helmet with multiple pseudo-spherical energy management liners |
US10716351B2 (en) * | 2016-06-28 | 2020-07-21 | Peter G. MEADE | Zero impact head gear |
WO2018017867A1 (en) | 2016-07-20 | 2018-01-25 | Riddell, Inc. | System and methods for designing and manufacturing a bespoke protective sports helmet |
US11478026B2 (en) * | 2016-08-16 | 2022-10-25 | Timothy W. Markisen | Body limb protection system |
WO2018072017A1 (en) * | 2016-10-17 | 2018-04-26 | Syncro Innovation Inc. | Helmet, process for designing and manufacturing a helmet and helmet manufactured therefrom |
US10499700B2 (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2019-12-10 | Zam Helmets Inc. | Helmet with flexible structure for improved force attenuation |
CN108375318A (en) * | 2017-01-29 | 2018-08-07 | A.雅各布·甘诺尔 | Armoring external member for bulletproof halmet |
MX2019009099A (en) | 2017-01-31 | 2020-01-27 | Impact Solutions Llc | Football helmet. |
CN107328302B (en) * | 2017-09-07 | 2019-02-12 | 北京普凡防护科技有限公司 | A kind of energy-absorbing buffering bulletproof halmet liner and preparation method thereof |
CN108465173A (en) * | 2018-03-14 | 2018-08-31 | 广州市友安消防科技有限公司 | A kind of first-aid hood for fire |
US20210315308A1 (en) * | 2018-08-14 | 2021-10-14 | Lazer Sport Nv | Protective helmet |
WO2020037279A1 (en) | 2018-08-16 | 2020-02-20 | Riddell, Inc. | System and method for designing and manufacturing a protective helmet |
US11167198B2 (en) | 2018-11-21 | 2021-11-09 | Riddell, Inc. | Football helmet with components additively manufactured to manage impact forces |
USD927084S1 (en) | 2018-11-22 | 2021-08-03 | Riddell, Inc. | Pad member of an internal padding assembly of a protective sports helmet |
US11464270B2 (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2022-10-11 | Brian Michael Coyle | Rotation damping helmet |
US20220056240A1 (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2022-02-24 | Loughborough University | Composite material |
US20200187580A1 (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2020-06-18 | Henry Buchwald | Diminution of Impact Force and Acceleration by Phase Change of a Substance on Impact |
IT201900012666A1 (en) | 2019-07-23 | 2021-01-23 | Materias S R L | Expanded beads with morphology and / or density gradients, and sintered foams obtained from them |
US11311068B2 (en) * | 2020-04-16 | 2022-04-26 | James Bernard Hilliard, Sr. | Sonic wave reducing helmet |
US11378359B2 (en) | 2020-05-28 | 2022-07-05 | Tencate Advanced Armor Usa, Inc. | Armor systems with pressure wave redirection technology |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5815846A (en) * | 1996-11-27 | 1998-10-06 | Tecno-Fluidos, S.L. | Resistant helmet assembly |
US20050217767A1 (en) * | 2004-04-01 | 2005-10-06 | William Barvosa-Carter | Reversibly expandable energy absorbing assembly utilizing shape memory foams for impact management and methods for operating the same |
US20060059606A1 (en) * | 2004-09-22 | 2006-03-23 | Xenith Athletics, Inc. | Multilayer air-cushion shell with energy-absorbing layer for use in the construction of protective headgear |
US20060269738A1 (en) * | 2000-08-08 | 2006-11-30 | Lawrence Kimberly | Composite materials |
US20070107778A1 (en) * | 2005-11-12 | 2007-05-17 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Active controlled energy absorber using responsive fluids |
US20080250550A1 (en) * | 2007-04-16 | 2008-10-16 | Vittorio Bologna | Sports helmet with quick-release faceguard connector and adjustable internal pad element |
US20090077723A1 (en) * | 2007-08-29 | 2009-03-26 | Brock Usa Llc | Lightweight fluid |
US20090300949A1 (en) * | 2007-02-12 | 2009-12-10 | Edward Frederick | Dynamically Moderated Shock Attenuation System |
Family Cites Families (22)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3994021A (en) * | 1975-06-05 | 1976-11-30 | The Kendall Company | Protective helmet |
US6012178A (en) | 1995-04-08 | 2000-01-11 | Akzo Nobel Nv | Antiballistic protective helmet |
AUPP029497A0 (en) * | 1997-11-11 | 1997-12-04 | Clement, Anthony James | Wrist support |
US6682128B2 (en) * | 1998-02-04 | 2004-01-27 | Oakwood Energy Management, Inc. | Composite energy absorber |
US6284346B1 (en) * | 1998-08-18 | 2001-09-04 | Timothy Brian Sheridan | Macrocellular cushion and folding elastomer truss |
GB0116738D0 (en) * | 2001-07-09 | 2001-08-29 | Phillips Helmets Ltd | Protective headgear and protective armour and a method of modifying protective headgear and protective armour |
US20040117896A1 (en) | 2002-10-04 | 2004-06-24 | Madey Steven M. | Load diversion method and apparatus for head protective devices |
US20050058822A1 (en) * | 2003-08-04 | 2005-03-17 | Ittel Steven Dale | Fiber-reinforced thermoplastic matrices |
US7585557B2 (en) * | 2004-02-17 | 2009-09-08 | Eastman Kodak Company | Foam core imaging element with gradient density core |
US7425368B2 (en) * | 2004-08-20 | 2008-09-16 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Filler-enhanced polymeric fibers with improved mechanical properties and method for making |
US20060059605A1 (en) * | 2004-09-22 | 2006-03-23 | Xenith Athletics, Inc. | Layered construction of protective headgear with one or more compressible layers of thermoplastic elastomer material |
US7802320B2 (en) * | 2005-06-30 | 2010-09-28 | Morgan Don E | Helmet padding |
WO2007079230A2 (en) * | 2005-12-29 | 2007-07-12 | Joel Sereboff | Energy absorbing composition and impact and sound absorbing applications thereof |
US20080028499A1 (en) * | 2006-08-04 | 2008-02-07 | Sport Maska Inc. | Protective shell construction and method |
US9631898B2 (en) * | 2007-02-15 | 2017-04-25 | Honeywell International Inc. | Protective helmets |
US9060560B2 (en) * | 2007-08-10 | 2015-06-23 | Greenhill Antiballistics Corporation | Composite material |
US20100229271A1 (en) * | 2007-10-12 | 2010-09-16 | Marissen Roelof R | Helmet containing polyethylene fibers |
US8104593B2 (en) * | 2008-03-03 | 2012-01-31 | Keng-Hsien Lin | Resilient shock-absorbing device |
US8037562B2 (en) * | 2008-09-05 | 2011-10-18 | Kemper Support Surfaces, Inc. | Tension relieving body support apparatus |
CN102971271B (en) * | 2009-12-21 | 2016-09-28 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | Composite road surface structure |
JP5813755B2 (en) * | 2010-05-21 | 2015-11-17 | スカイデックス テクノロジーズ,インク. | Overpressure protection |
US20120204327A1 (en) * | 2011-02-14 | 2012-08-16 | Kinetica Inc. | Helmet design utilizing nanocomposites |
-
2011
- 2011-10-06 US US13/267,519 patent/US20120204327A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-10-06 US US13/267,604 patent/US20120208032A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-10-06 US US13/267,590 patent/US20120204329A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-10-06 US US13/267,551 patent/US8927088B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2012
- 2012-02-14 WO PCT/US2012/025050 patent/WO2012112554A2/en active Application Filing
-
2013
- 2013-12-23 US US14/139,012 patent/US20140109298A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2014
- 2014-12-08 US US14/563,545 patent/US9462847B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2015
- 2015-01-06 US US14/590,101 patent/US20150125663A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5815846A (en) * | 1996-11-27 | 1998-10-06 | Tecno-Fluidos, S.L. | Resistant helmet assembly |
US20060269738A1 (en) * | 2000-08-08 | 2006-11-30 | Lawrence Kimberly | Composite materials |
US20050217767A1 (en) * | 2004-04-01 | 2005-10-06 | William Barvosa-Carter | Reversibly expandable energy absorbing assembly utilizing shape memory foams for impact management and methods for operating the same |
US20060059606A1 (en) * | 2004-09-22 | 2006-03-23 | Xenith Athletics, Inc. | Multilayer air-cushion shell with energy-absorbing layer for use in the construction of protective headgear |
US20070107778A1 (en) * | 2005-11-12 | 2007-05-17 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Active controlled energy absorber using responsive fluids |
US20090300949A1 (en) * | 2007-02-12 | 2009-12-10 | Edward Frederick | Dynamically Moderated Shock Attenuation System |
US20080250550A1 (en) * | 2007-04-16 | 2008-10-16 | Vittorio Bologna | Sports helmet with quick-release faceguard connector and adjustable internal pad element |
US20090077723A1 (en) * | 2007-08-29 | 2009-03-26 | Brock Usa Llc | Lightweight fluid |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
DE3501552, Alfred et al. July 1986 * |
Cited By (31)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10709191B2 (en) * | 2010-02-26 | 2020-07-14 | Thl Holding Company, Llc | Protective helmet |
US20160278468A1 (en) * | 2010-02-26 | 2016-09-29 | Thl Holding Company, Llc | Protective helmet |
US10130133B2 (en) | 2011-05-23 | 2018-11-20 | Lionhead Helmet Intellectual Properties, Lp | Helmet system |
US9032558B2 (en) | 2011-05-23 | 2015-05-19 | Lionhead Helmet Intellectual Properties, Lp | Helmet system |
US9119433B2 (en) | 2011-05-23 | 2015-09-01 | Lionhead Helmet Intellectual Properties, Lp | Helmet system |
US9462840B2 (en) | 2011-05-23 | 2016-10-11 | Lionhead Helmet Intellectual Properties, Lp | Helmet system |
US9468248B2 (en) | 2011-05-23 | 2016-10-18 | Lionhead Helmet Intellectual Properties, Lp | Helmet system |
US9554608B2 (en) | 2011-05-23 | 2017-01-31 | Lionhead Helmet Intellectual Properties, Lp | Helmet system |
US9560892B2 (en) | 2011-05-23 | 2017-02-07 | Lionhead Helmet Intellectual Properties, Lp | Helmet system |
US10334904B2 (en) | 2011-07-27 | 2019-07-02 | Bauer Hockey, Llc | Sports helmet with rotational impact protection |
US10306941B2 (en) | 2011-07-27 | 2019-06-04 | Bauer Hockey, Llc | Sports helmet with rotational impact protection |
US20130230836A1 (en) * | 2012-02-22 | 2013-09-05 | Marshall Street Entertainment, Inc. | Helmet with stage blood indicator to simulate head injury |
US10813401B2 (en) | 2013-07-31 | 2020-10-27 | Zymplr LC | Headband to reduce concussions and traumatic brain injuries |
US20150033453A1 (en) * | 2013-07-31 | 2015-02-05 | Zymplr LC | Football helmet liner to reduce concussions and traumatic brain injuries |
US9839251B2 (en) * | 2013-07-31 | 2017-12-12 | Zymplr LC | Football helmet liner to reduce concussions and traumatic brain injuries |
US10739112B1 (en) * | 2013-08-15 | 2020-08-11 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Impulse dampening system for emergency egress |
US20160255900A1 (en) * | 2013-11-05 | 2016-09-08 | University Of Washington Through Its Center For Commercialization | Protective helmets with non-linearly deforming elements |
US10966479B2 (en) * | 2013-11-05 | 2021-04-06 | University Of Washington Through Its Center For Commercialization | Protective helmets with non-linearly deforming elements |
US10368604B2 (en) | 2013-12-18 | 2019-08-06 | Linares Medical Devices, Llc | Helmet for attenuating impact event |
US10244809B2 (en) | 2013-12-18 | 2019-04-02 | Linares Medical Devices, Llc | Helmet for attenuating impact event |
US10264841B2 (en) | 2013-12-18 | 2019-04-23 | Linares Medical Devices, Llc | Helmet for attenuating impact event |
US10477909B2 (en) | 2013-12-19 | 2019-11-19 | Bauer Hockey, Llc | Helmet for impact protection |
US11425951B2 (en) | 2013-12-19 | 2022-08-30 | Bauer Hockey Llc | Helmet for impact protection |
US11660846B2 (en) | 2015-04-30 | 2023-05-30 | Board Of Trustees Of Michigan State University | Composite article and method of manufacture |
US9961952B2 (en) | 2015-08-17 | 2018-05-08 | Bauer Hockey, Llc | Helmet for impact protection |
US11089833B2 (en) | 2015-08-17 | 2021-08-17 | Bauer Hockey Llc | Helmet for impact protection |
US11638458B2 (en) | 2015-08-17 | 2023-05-02 | Bauer Hockey Llc | Helmet for impact protection |
US10869520B1 (en) | 2019-11-07 | 2020-12-22 | Lionhead Helmet Intellectual Properties, Lp | Helmet |
US11696612B2 (en) | 2019-11-07 | 2023-07-11 | Lionhead Helmet Intellectual Properties, Lp | Helmet |
US11547166B1 (en) | 2022-02-11 | 2023-01-10 | Lionhead Helmet Intellectual Properties, Lp | Helmet |
US11641904B1 (en) | 2022-11-09 | 2023-05-09 | Lionhead Helmet Intellectual Properties, Lp | Helmet |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20140109298A1 (en) | 2014-04-24 |
US20150125663A1 (en) | 2015-05-07 |
US9462847B2 (en) | 2016-10-11 |
US20160113348A1 (en) | 2016-04-28 |
WO2012112554A3 (en) | 2013-04-04 |
US8927088B2 (en) | 2015-01-06 |
US20120207964A1 (en) | 2012-08-16 |
WO2012112554A2 (en) | 2012-08-23 |
US20120204327A1 (en) | 2012-08-16 |
US20120208032A1 (en) | 2012-08-16 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US20120204329A1 (en) | Helmet designs utilizing fluid-filled containers | |
US20190350298A1 (en) | Head protection for reducing angular accelerations | |
US9839251B2 (en) | Football helmet liner to reduce concussions and traumatic brain injuries | |
JP7125118B2 (en) | energy absorption system | |
CN104219975B (en) | Head protection for reducing linear acceleration | |
CA3137920C (en) | Helmet impact attenuation liner | |
RU2298391C2 (en) | Protective headwear and protective clothing, and method for modifying of protective headwear and protective clothing | |
US10813401B2 (en) | Headband to reduce concussions and traumatic brain injuries | |
JP2003518203A (en) | Protective helmet | |
EP3289307A2 (en) | Composite article and method of manufacture | |
EP3307062B1 (en) | Ecostructural bicycle/activity safety helmet | |
US20140373256A1 (en) | Helmet pads | |
Wilhelm et al. | Simulated depiction of head and brain injuries in the context of cellularbased materials in passive safety devices | |
Fitek et al. | Design of a helmet liner for improved low velocity impact protection | |
WO2012020066A1 (en) | Energy absorption system | |
Halldin et al. | Evaluation of blunt impact protection in a military helmet designed to offer blunt & ballistic impact protection. | |
US20190003806A1 (en) | Multilayer plate | |
EP2998688A1 (en) | Fragment- and bullet-proof helmet |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: KINETICA INC. C/O ALAN FADEN, MARYLAND Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:FADEN, ALAN IRA;TWARDOWSKI, THOMAS E.;SIGNING DATES FROM 20110926 TO 20110928;REEL/FRAME:027027/0852 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: KINETICSHIELD, INC., PENNSYLVANIA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:FADEN, ALAN IRA;TWARDOWSKI, THOMAS E., JR.;SIGNING DATES FROM 20111222 TO 20120111;REEL/FRAME:027562/0566 Owner name: KINETICSHIELD, INC., PENNSYLVANIA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:KINETICA PROTECTIVE TECHNOLOGIES, INC.;REEL/FRAME:027561/0907 Effective date: 20111222 Owner name: KINETICSHIELD, INC., PENNSYLVANIA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:KINETICGUARD, INC.;REEL/FRAME:027560/0699 Effective date: 20111222 Owner name: KINETICSHIELD, INC., PENNSYLVANIA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:KINETICGEAR, INC.;REEL/FRAME:027561/0787 Effective date: 20111222 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |