US20130037013A1 - Burner for heating system - Google Patents

Burner for heating system Download PDF

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Publication number
US20130037013A1
US20130037013A1 US13/565,280 US201213565280A US2013037013A1 US 20130037013 A1 US20130037013 A1 US 20130037013A1 US 201213565280 A US201213565280 A US 201213565280A US 2013037013 A1 US2013037013 A1 US 2013037013A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
wall
burner
central
furnace
heat exchanger
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US13/565,280
Inventor
Wiliam J. Roy
Colin William Carey
Kyle Bushman
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Carrier Corp
Original Assignee
Carrier Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Carrier Corp filed Critical Carrier Corp
Priority to US13/565,280 priority Critical patent/US20130037013A1/en
Assigned to CARRIER CORPORATION reassignment CARRIER CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BUSHMAN, KYLE, CAREY, COLIN WILLIAM, ROY, WILIAM J.
Publication of US20130037013A1 publication Critical patent/US20130037013A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D23/00Assemblies of two or more burners
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D14/00Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/62Mixing devices; Mixing tubes
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24HFLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00Air heaters
    • F24H3/02Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/06Air heaters with forced circulation the air being kept separate from the heating medium, e.g. using forced circulation of air over radiators
    • F24H3/10Air heaters with forced circulation the air being kept separate from the heating medium, e.g. using forced circulation of air over radiators by plates
    • F24H3/105Air heaters with forced circulation the air being kept separate from the heating medium, e.g. using forced circulation of air over radiators by plates using fluid fuel
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D2203/00Gaseous fuel burners
    • F23D2203/10Flame diffusing means
    • F23D2203/101Flame diffusing means characterised by surface shape
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D2203/00Gaseous fuel burners
    • F23D2203/10Flame diffusing means
    • F23D2203/101Flame diffusing means characterised by surface shape
    • F23D2203/1012Flame diffusing means characterised by surface shape tubular
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D2203/00Gaseous fuel burners
    • F23D2203/10Flame diffusing means
    • F23D2203/102Flame diffusing means using perforated plates

Definitions

  • the subject matter disclosed herein relates to heating systems. More specifically, the subject disclosure relates to burners for residential and commercial heating systems.
  • Heating systems in particular furnaces include one or more burners for combusting a fuel such as natural gas.
  • Hot flue gas from the combustion of the fuel proceeds from the burner and through a heat exchanger.
  • the hot flue gas transfers thermal energy to the heat exchanger, from which the thermal energy is then dissipated by a flow of air driven across the heat exchanger by, for example, a blower.
  • FIG. 1 A typical construction is shown in FIG. 1 .
  • a burner 100 is located external to a heat exchanger 102 .
  • the burner 100 referred to as an inshot burner 100 , receives a flow of fuel from a fuel source 104 .
  • An ignition source 106 combusts the flow of fuel.
  • surfaces of the heat exchanger 102 adjacent to the combustion flame 110 are kept relatively cool by a flow of secondary air 108 to prevent damage to the surfaces of the heat exchanger 102 via the combustion flame 110 .
  • premix burner Another type of burner is a premix burner in which fuel and air are mixed in the burner nozzle prior to injection into a combustion zone 112 where the ignition source 106 ignites the mixture.
  • Premix burners compared to inshot burners, emit much lower levels of NO x , the emissions of which are tightly regulated and restricted. Because of this advantage of premix burners, it is appealing to introduce premix burners into furnaces.
  • a premix burner having physical and operating characteristics similar to the burner 100 would not be suitable for use with heat exchanger 102 .
  • the heat exchanger walls would necessarily be in close proximity to the burner and thus the concentration of heat produced in the immediate vicinity of the burner would result in excessively high temperatures in the wall of the heat exchanger 102 .
  • premix burners have a much quicker heat release than inshot burners and do not have the benefit of secondary airflow to protect the heat exchanger surfaces from damage.
  • simply replacing inshot burners with premix burners in an existing furnace construction would result in excessively high temperatures at adjacent heat exchanger surfaces.
  • ignition access to a premix burner surface can be difficult and result in even more energy being dumped into the heat exchanger entry surfaces.
  • a burner for a furnace includes an inner wall defining a central burner chamber.
  • the inner wall includes a plurality of inner wall openings to admit a fuel flow into the central burner chamber.
  • the burner further includes an outer wall which, together with the inner wall, defines an annulus for the fuel flow to the plurality of inner wall openings.
  • An igniter is located in the central chamber.
  • a furnace includes a heat exchanger and one or more burners disposed at and aligned with one or more burner openings of the heat exchanger.
  • the one or more burners include an inner wall defining a central burner chamber.
  • the inner wall includes a plurality of inner wall openings to admit a fuel flow into the central burner chamber.
  • the one or more burners further include an outer wall, together with the inner wall defining an annulus for the fuel flow to the plurality of inner wall openings.
  • An igniter is located in the central chamber.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a typical burner arrangement
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a furnace
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a burner.
  • the furnace 10 includes a heat exchanger 12 with one or more burners 14 aligned with respective burner openings 60 in heat exchanger 12 walls 16 .
  • the burners 14 are located substantially within the heat exchanger 12 , while in other embodiments, the burners 14 may abut the heat exchanger 12 .
  • the burners 14 offset a distance from the heat exchanger 12 , but are aligned with the burner openings 60 such that, once ignited, the burners 14 radiate hot flue gas 18 into the heat exchanger 12 , thermal energy from which is transferred to the heat exchanger 12 structure.
  • the thermal energy is then dissipated from the heat exchanger 12 via a flow of air 20 driven across the heat exchanger 12 by, for example, a blower 22 .
  • the heated flow of air 20 is delivered through one or more ducts 24 to provide heating to a space 26 , such as a room or a building.
  • the burner 14 is substantially cylindrical in shape, and includes an outer wall 28 and an inner wall 30 . It is to be appreciated that while a substantially cylindrical burner 14 is shown, it is merely exemplary.
  • the burner 14 may have another cross-sectional shape, for example, elliptical, conical, parabolic, partially circular, or the like.
  • Both the inner wall 30 and the outer wall 28 may be substantially cylindrical and in some embodiments are coaxial about a central burner axis 32 .
  • the inner wall 30 defines a central chamber 34 , and together with the outer wall 28 defines a burner annulus 36 between the inner wall 30 and the outer wall 28 .
  • An igniter 38 for the burner is located in the central chamber 34 and, in some embodiments, extends along the burner axis 32 .
  • the igniter 38 is located, for example, at a closed end 52 , or upstream end, of the burner 14 .
  • a flame sensor 40 is located in the central chamber 34 , and also may be located at the closed end 52 .
  • the inner wall 30 includes a plurality of inner wall openings 42 , and in some embodiments, may be at least partially a mesh screen. In some embodiments, the inner wall 30 is a unitary, replaceable component. Replacing the inner wall 30 at the end of its service life extends the overall useful life of the burner 14 .
  • a flow of fuel 44 and a flow of combustion air 46 are delivered to the burner annulus 36 where they are premixed.
  • the air/fuel mixture 48 then flows through the inner wall openings 42 or screen and into the central chamber 34 where the mixture 48 is ignited.
  • the flue gas 18 is emitted from the burner 14 at a distal end 50 of the central chamber 34 and into the heat exchanger 12 structure.
  • the structure disclosed herein allows for the utilization of a premix burner 14 which reduces NO x emissions compared to inshot burners, while not subjecting the heat exchanger 12 surfaces to direct effects of the combustion to prevent thermal damage to the heat exchanger 12 .
  • the cylindrical structure of the burner 14 captures the combustion thermal energy before it is emitted from the burner 14 .
  • the burner 14 is sized and configured to allow for the presence of the igniter 38 and flame sensor 40 within the burner 14 structure. This results in a space savings for the burner 14 and heat exchanger 12 , thus allowing for an increased cross-sectional sized burner 14 for a given heat exchanger 12 cross-sectional size.
  • the flow through the burner annulus 36 isolates the flame from the heat exchanger 12 and aids in cooling the heat exchanger 12 surfaces near the burner 14 .

Abstract

A burner for a furnace includes an inner wall defining a central burner chamber. The inner wall includes a plurality of inner wall openings to admit a fuel flow into the central burner chamber. The burner further includes an outer wall which, defines an annulus for the fuel flow to the plurality of inner wall openings. An igniter is located in the central chamber. A furnace includes a heat exchanger and one or more burners disposed at and aligned with one or more burner openings of the heat exchanger. The one or more burners include an inner wall defining a central burner chamber. The inner wall includes a plurality of inner wall openings to admit a fuel flow into the central burner chamber. The one or more burners further include an outer wall defining an annulus for the fuel flow to the plurality of inner wall openings.

Description

    CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
  • This application claims priority to U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 61/521,143, filed Aug. 8, 2011, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • The subject matter disclosed herein relates to heating systems. More specifically, the subject disclosure relates to burners for residential and commercial heating systems.
  • Heating systems, in particular furnaces include one or more burners for combusting a fuel such as natural gas. Hot flue gas from the combustion of the fuel proceeds from the burner and through a heat exchanger. The hot flue gas transfers thermal energy to the heat exchanger, from which the thermal energy is then dissipated by a flow of air driven across the heat exchanger by, for example, a blower.
  • A typical construction is shown in FIG. 1. A burner 100 is located external to a heat exchanger 102. The burner 100, referred to as an inshot burner 100, receives a flow of fuel from a fuel source 104. An ignition source 106 combusts the flow of fuel. Even though the inshot burner 100 is in close proximity to heat exchanger 102, surfaces of the heat exchanger 102 adjacent to the combustion flame 110 are kept relatively cool by a flow of secondary air 108 to prevent damage to the surfaces of the heat exchanger 102 via the combustion flame 110.
  • Another type of burner is a premix burner in which fuel and air are mixed in the burner nozzle prior to injection into a combustion zone 112 where the ignition source 106 ignites the mixture. Premix burners, compared to inshot burners, emit much lower levels of NOx, the emissions of which are tightly regulated and restricted. Because of this advantage of premix burners, it is appealing to introduce premix burners into furnaces. A premix burner having physical and operating characteristics similar to the burner 100 would not be suitable for use with heat exchanger 102. The heat exchanger walls would necessarily be in close proximity to the burner and thus the concentration of heat produced in the immediate vicinity of the burner would result in excessively high temperatures in the wall of the heat exchanger 102. Such high temperatures would increase the surface temperatures of the surrounding heat exchanger 102 and shorten the life of the heat exchanger 102. Further, premix burners have a much quicker heat release than inshot burners and do not have the benefit of secondary airflow to protect the heat exchanger surfaces from damage. Thus, simply replacing inshot burners with premix burners in an existing furnace construction would result in excessively high temperatures at adjacent heat exchanger surfaces. Further, ignition access to a premix burner surface can be difficult and result in even more energy being dumped into the heat exchanger entry surfaces.
  • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  • According to one aspect of the invention, a burner for a furnace includes an inner wall defining a central burner chamber. The inner wall includes a plurality of inner wall openings to admit a fuel flow into the central burner chamber. The burner further includes an outer wall which, together with the inner wall, defines an annulus for the fuel flow to the plurality of inner wall openings. An igniter is located in the central chamber.
  • According to another aspect of the invention, a furnace includes a heat exchanger and one or more burners disposed at and aligned with one or more burner openings of the heat exchanger. The one or more burners include an inner wall defining a central burner chamber. The inner wall includes a plurality of inner wall openings to admit a fuel flow into the central burner chamber. The one or more burners further include an outer wall, together with the inner wall defining an annulus for the fuel flow to the plurality of inner wall openings. An igniter is located in the central chamber.
  • These and other advantages and features will become more apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the drawings.
  • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • The subject matter, which is regarded as the invention, is particularly pointed out and distinctly claimed in the claims at the conclusion of the specification. The foregoing and other features, and advantages of the invention are apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a typical burner arrangement;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a furnace; and
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a burner.
  • The detailed description explains embodiments of the invention, together with advantages and features, by way of example with reference to the drawings.
  • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  • Shown in FIG. 2 is an improved furnace 10. The furnace 10 includes a heat exchanger 12 with one or more burners 14 aligned with respective burner openings 60 in heat exchanger 12 walls 16. In some embodiments, the burners 14 are located substantially within the heat exchanger 12, while in other embodiments, the burners 14 may abut the heat exchanger 12. In still other embodiments, the burners 14 offset a distance from the heat exchanger 12, but are aligned with the burner openings 60 such that, once ignited, the burners 14 radiate hot flue gas 18 into the heat exchanger 12, thermal energy from which is transferred to the heat exchanger 12 structure. The thermal energy is then dissipated from the heat exchanger 12 via a flow of air 20 driven across the heat exchanger 12 by, for example, a blower 22. The heated flow of air 20 is delivered through one or more ducts 24 to provide heating to a space 26, such as a room or a building.
  • Referring now to FIG. 3, the burner 14 is substantially cylindrical in shape, and includes an outer wall 28 and an inner wall 30. It is to be appreciated that while a substantially cylindrical burner 14 is shown, it is merely exemplary. The burner 14 may have another cross-sectional shape, for example, elliptical, conical, parabolic, partially circular, or the like. Both the inner wall 30 and the outer wall 28 may be substantially cylindrical and in some embodiments are coaxial about a central burner axis 32. The inner wall 30 defines a central chamber 34, and together with the outer wall 28 defines a burner annulus 36 between the inner wall 30 and the outer wall 28. An igniter 38 for the burner is located in the central chamber 34 and, in some embodiments, extends along the burner axis 32. The igniter 38 is located, for example, at a closed end 52, or upstream end, of the burner 14. Further, in some embodiments, a flame sensor 40 is located in the central chamber 34, and also may be located at the closed end 52.
  • The inner wall 30 includes a plurality of inner wall openings 42, and in some embodiments, may be at least partially a mesh screen. In some embodiments, the inner wall 30 is a unitary, replaceable component. Replacing the inner wall 30 at the end of its service life extends the overall useful life of the burner 14. A flow of fuel 44 and a flow of combustion air 46 are delivered to the burner annulus 36 where they are premixed. The air/fuel mixture 48 then flows through the inner wall openings 42 or screen and into the central chamber 34 where the mixture 48 is ignited. The flue gas 18 is emitted from the burner 14 at a distal end 50 of the central chamber 34 and into the heat exchanger 12 structure.
  • The structure disclosed herein allows for the utilization of a premix burner 14 which reduces NOx emissions compared to inshot burners, while not subjecting the heat exchanger 12 surfaces to direct effects of the combustion to prevent thermal damage to the heat exchanger 12. The cylindrical structure of the burner 14 captures the combustion thermal energy before it is emitted from the burner 14. Further, the burner 14 is sized and configured to allow for the presence of the igniter 38 and flame sensor 40 within the burner 14 structure. This results in a space savings for the burner 14 and heat exchanger 12, thus allowing for an increased cross-sectional sized burner 14 for a given heat exchanger 12 cross-sectional size. Further, the flow through the burner annulus 36 isolates the flame from the heat exchanger 12 and aids in cooling the heat exchanger 12 surfaces near the burner 14.
  • While the invention has been described in detail in connection with only a limited number of embodiments, it should be readily understood that the invention is not limited to such disclosed embodiments. Rather, the invention can be modified to incorporate any number of variations, alterations, substitutions or equivalent arrangements not heretofore described, but which are commensurate with the spirit and scope of the invention. Additionally, while various embodiments of the invention have been described, it is to be understood that aspects of the invention may include only some of the described embodiments. Accordingly, the invention is not to be seen as limited by the foregoing description, but is only limited by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (18)

1. A burner for a furnace comprising:
an inner wall defining a central burner chamber, the inner wall including a plurality of inner wall openings to admit a fuel flow into the central burner chamber;
an outer wall, together with the inner wall defining an annulus for the fuel flow to the plurality of inner wall openings; and
an igniter disposed in the central chamber.
2. The burner of claim 1, wherein the inner wall at least partially comprises a mesh screen defining the plurality of inner wall openings.
3. The burner of claim 1, wherein one or more of the inner wall and the outer wall are substantially cylindrical.
4. The burner of claim 1, wherein the inner wall and the outer wall are substantially concentric about a burner central axis.
5. The burner of claim 1, wherein the igniter is disposed at a closed end of the burner.
6. The burner of claim 1, further comprising a flame sensor disposed in the central burner chamber.
7. The burner of claim 1, wherein the burner is alignable with a respective burner opening at a heat exchanger of a furnace.
8. The burner of claim 1, wherein the plurality of inner wall openings are configured to convey a mixture of air and fuel into the central burner chamber.
9. The burner of claim 1, wherein the inner wall is a replaceable element.
10. A furnace comprising:
a heat exchanger;
one or more burners disposed at and substantially aligned with one or more burner openings of the heat exchanger, the one or more burners including:
an inner wall defining a central burner chamber, the inner wall including a plurality of inner wall openings to admit a fuel flow into the central burner chamber;
an outer wall, together with the inner wall defining an annulus for the fuel flow to the plurality of inner wall openings; and
an igniter disposed in the central chamber.
11. The furnace of claim 10, wherein the inner wall at least partially comprises a mesh screen defining the plurality of inner wall openings.
12. The furnace of claim 10, wherein one or more of the inner wall and the outer wall are substantially cylindrical.
13. The furnace of claim 10, wherein the inner wall and the outer wall are substantially concentric about a burner central axis.
14. The furnace of claim 10, further comprising a flame sensor disposed in the central burner chamber.
15. The furnace of claim 10, wherein the igniter is disposed at a closed end of the burner.
16. The furnace of claim 10, wherein the inner wall is a replaceable element.
17. The furnace of claim 10, wherein the plurality of inner wall openings are configured to convey a mixture of air and fuel into the central burner chamber.
18. The furnace of claim 10, wherein thermal energy of a flue gas emitted by the one or more burners is transferred to the heat exchanger.
US13/565,280 2011-08-08 2012-08-02 Burner for heating system Abandoned US20130037013A1 (en)

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US13/565,280 US20130037013A1 (en) 2011-08-08 2012-08-02 Burner for heating system

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110174287A1 (en) * 2010-01-15 2011-07-21 Lennox Industries Inc. Converging-diverging combustion zones for furnace heat exchanges
US20210140632A1 (en) * 2019-11-07 2021-05-13 Lg Electronics Inc. Gas furnace
US11441785B2 (en) * 2019-05-31 2022-09-13 Lg Electronics Inc. Gas furnace

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3856455A (en) * 1972-02-01 1974-12-24 B Biden Method and apparatus for mixing and turbulating particulate fuel with air for subsequent combustion
US4104017A (en) * 1977-02-01 1978-08-01 Gaz De France Metallic non-premixed gas-burner with counter-rotation of gases
US5380193A (en) * 1993-12-02 1995-01-10 Carrier Corporation Apparatus for attaching manifold assembly to gas control assembly of furnace
US5749720A (en) * 1995-04-21 1998-05-12 Nkk Corporation Gas heating apparatus with dual burners
US7143610B2 (en) * 2001-03-23 2006-12-05 Vitro Global, S.A. Method and system for feeding and burning a pulverized fuel in a glass melting furnace, and burner for use in the same

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3856455A (en) * 1972-02-01 1974-12-24 B Biden Method and apparatus for mixing and turbulating particulate fuel with air for subsequent combustion
US4104017A (en) * 1977-02-01 1978-08-01 Gaz De France Metallic non-premixed gas-burner with counter-rotation of gases
US5380193A (en) * 1993-12-02 1995-01-10 Carrier Corporation Apparatus for attaching manifold assembly to gas control assembly of furnace
US5749720A (en) * 1995-04-21 1998-05-12 Nkk Corporation Gas heating apparatus with dual burners
US7143610B2 (en) * 2001-03-23 2006-12-05 Vitro Global, S.A. Method and system for feeding and burning a pulverized fuel in a glass melting furnace, and burner for use in the same

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110174287A1 (en) * 2010-01-15 2011-07-21 Lennox Industries Inc. Converging-diverging combustion zones for furnace heat exchanges
US8875694B2 (en) * 2010-01-15 2014-11-04 Lennox Industries, Inc. Converging-diverging combustion zones for furnace heat exchanges
US11441785B2 (en) * 2019-05-31 2022-09-13 Lg Electronics Inc. Gas furnace
US20210140632A1 (en) * 2019-11-07 2021-05-13 Lg Electronics Inc. Gas furnace
US11639793B2 (en) * 2019-11-07 2023-05-02 Lg Electronics Inc. Gas furnace

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Owner name: CARRIER CORPORATION, CONNECTICUT

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:ROY, WILIAM J.;CAREY, COLIN WILLIAM;BUSHMAN, KYLE;SIGNING DATES FROM 20111018 TO 20111025;REEL/FRAME:028711/0833

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