US20140000571A1 - Method and system for providing fuel to internal combustion engines - Google Patents
Method and system for providing fuel to internal combustion engines Download PDFInfo
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- US20140000571A1 US20140000571A1 US13/920,508 US201313920508A US2014000571A1 US 20140000571 A1 US20140000571 A1 US 20140000571A1 US 201313920508 A US201313920508 A US 201313920508A US 2014000571 A1 US2014000571 A1 US 2014000571A1
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- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- gas
- engine
- solution
- absorber
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M23/00—Apparatus for adding secondary air to fuel-air mixture
- F02M23/12—Apparatus for adding secondary air to fuel-air mixture characterised by being combined with device for, or by secondary air effecting, re-atomising of condensed fuel
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- F02M25/0722—
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
- F02M26/17—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories in relation to the intake system
- F02M26/19—Means for improving the mixing of air and recirculated exhaust gases, e.g. venturis or multiple openings to the intake system
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M37/00—Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
- F02M37/0047—Layout or arrangement of systems for feeding fuel
- F02M37/0064—Layout or arrangement of systems for feeding fuel for engines being fed with multiple fuels or fuels having special properties, e.g. bio-fuels; varying the fuel composition
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
- F02M63/02—Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively
- F02M63/0225—Fuel-injection apparatus having a common rail feeding several injectors ; Means for varying pressure in common rails; Pumps feeding common rails
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
- F23K5/00—Feeding or distributing other fuel to combustion apparatus
- F23K5/02—Liquid fuel
- F23K5/08—Preparation of fuel
- F23K5/10—Mixing with other fluids
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2250/00—Engine control related to specific problems or objectives
- F02D2250/02—Fuel evaporation in fuel rails, e.g. in common rails
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
- F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
- F02D41/3809—Common rail control systems
- F02D41/3836—Controlling the fuel pressure
- F02D41/3845—Controlling the fuel pressure by controlling the flow into the common rail, e.g. the amount of fuel pumped
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/32—Direct CO2 mitigation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- the present invention relates to liquid fuel combustion and, more particularly, to the preparation of liquid fuels for combustion in a combustion chamber of internal combustion engines.
- a fuel is injected into a combustion chamber at high pressure.
- a charge of the fuel is injected by means of solenoid injectors controlled by an on-board microcomputer and connected to a common rail.
- the on-board microcomputer controls injection timing and duration as well as an injection pressure by means of a two-stage main fuel pump.
- the fuel pressure in the common rail upstream the injectors is maintained at high level, e.g., in diesel engines the fuel pressure is maintained at 2000-2400 bars.
- An object of this invention is to provide a method and apparatus which overcomes the abovementioned disadvantages and which provides for further improvement in the fuel injection into the combustion chamber that reduces fuel consumption as well as emissions.
- the fuel is prepared for injection and combustion in a special device, an absorber, where the fuel is contacted with the gas or gasses.
- the gas pressure inside the absorber is maintained higher than the fuel pressure supplied to the absorber; the gas is dissolved in the liquid fuel forming an unsaturated fuel solution having no free gas phase.
- the resultant fuel solution is guided to a main fuel pump that further increases the pressure of the fuel solution providing no free gas phase.
- the combination of the gas desorption from the fuel solution with the hydrodynamic breaking-up of the injected fuel provides a fundamentally new process of the fuel atomization in the combustion chamber.
- the fuel microdroplets continuously break up to significantly small sizes providing an extremely high interfacial curvature and liquid vapor (fuel) pressure increases by as much as 8-10 times. This effect is described by the Kelvin equation and it is well known that the quicker liquid fuel evaporates the more rapid and effective the combustion of the gasoline or diesel is.
- the continuous chain breaking of the fuel droplets caused by the gas desorption prevents coalescence of the droplets and formation of a fuel film on the walls of the combustion chamber. As a result more fuel surface is available for contact with air. Thus the fuel burns faster and more completely giving less harmful emissions.
- the method comprises steps of:
- gas used for dissolution can be a mixture of, for example, exhaust gases and oxygen enriched air having O 2 content of up to 35% and fuel/mixture of gases ratio by weight of 1:0.055.
- the purpose of using the mixture with increased oxygen content is to increase the local concentration of the oxidant during gas desorption. The presence of locally available oxidant helps more quicker fuel ignition.
- a system for liquid fuel activation and feeding activated liquid fuel to the combustion chamber for combustion comprising:
- an absorber for fuel conditioning having a liquid inlet port for providing a fresh liquid fuel from a fuel tank, a gas inlet port for providing gas or gas mixture, an inlet port for providing returned fuel flows from an engine common rail and main fuel pump, and an outlet port for supplying a fuel solution from the absorber to an engine;
- a fuel solution activator for momentary transferring the fuel solution to a state of oversaturated solution thereby preparing the fuel solution to a burst gas desorption at injection into the combustion chamber;
- a fuel supply subsystem for supplying the fresh liquid fuel to the absorber with maintaining fuel level inside the absorber between min and max limits;
- FIG. 1 shows one of the an embodiment of the invention for internal combustion engines having common rail injection system.
- FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of the invention for internal combustion engines having common rail injection system.
- FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of the invention for diesel engines having fuel supply system with fuel distribution pump.
- FIG. 1 of the drawing shows one of the possible embodiments of the system for an internal combustion engine having common rail injection system.
- the internal combustion engine can be a standard diesel or gasoline engine.
- the engine comprises a common rail injection system 1 , a two-stage main fuel pump 2 , a fuel tank 3 , a primary fuel filter 4 , a fine fuel filter 5 .
- the common rail injection subsystem comprises unit injectors (not shown) for injecting fuel charge into a cylinder combustion chambers and fluidically connected with the outlet ports of the common rail.
- the activation system consists of two subsystems: a conditioning subsystem and a gas preparation subsystem.
- the conditioning subsystem comprises an absorber 10 , a feeding pump 11 , a differential pressure regulator 12 , a jet pump 15 .
- Three-way valves 14 and 16 are used to change from standard (base) fuel supply system to the conditioning subsystem and vice versa.
- Check valves 18 , 19 prevent fuel to flow in wrong direction.
- the gas preparation subsystem comprises a reactor 13 and two air and exhaust gases supply lines. Air from air source 26 flows through a filter 28 , a compressor 29 , a pressure regulator 30 , and an oxygen enrichment membrane filter 31 , a check valve 27 prevents air to flow in wrong direction; exhaust gases from exhaust line of the engine 20 flows through a filter 22 , a cooler 23 , a compressor 24 and a pressure regulator 25 , check valve 21 prevents exhaust gasses to flow in wrong direction.
- the gas mixture is prepared in the reactor 13 by mixing the exhaust gases as sources of CO 2 with oxygen enriched air that is formed after ambient air passes through the oxygen enrichment membrane filter 31 .
- Mixing of two gas streams in equal portions by weight is provided by pressure regulators 25 and 30 having common control line.
- Required pressure of the gas mixture is provided by compressors 24 and 29 and controlled by the pressure regulators 25 and 30 .
- the fuel from fuel tank 3 is delivered by feeding pump 11 to the nozzles mounted in the absorber 10 .
- the feeding pump 11 provides the fuel pressure P 1 .
- the gas mixture from the reactor 13 is guided to the gas inlet port of the absorber 10 under gas pressure P 2 which is controlled by pressure regulator 17 .
- Pressure regulator 32 maintains the gas pressure inside the absorber 10 at set level P 2 .
- the gas pressure P 2 is set lower than the fuel pressure P 1 providing satisfactory working condition for the fuel dispersing by the nozzle in absorber 10 .
- the dispersing of fuel in gas results in achieving a significant amount of gas being dissolved in fuel.
- An outlet port located at the bottom of the absorber 10 is fluidically connected to the inlet port of the main fuel pump 2 .
- the reduced pressure transfers the fuel solution into the boundary state of saturated solution thus facilitating the gas desorption from the fuel by destroying sorption links between liquid and gas molecules. This step improves effectiveness of the desorption process at injection and improves the atomization of the injected fuel charge.
- the differential pressure regulator 12 compensates for pressure spikes arising during the absorber 10 operation.
- an ultrasonic magnetostrictive actuator in a hermetical vessel through which a liquid fuel/gas solution flows can be used.
- Main fuel pump 2 again increases the pressure of the fuel solution as much as 2 times and returns the fuel solution in the state of unsaturated solution. In such state the main fuel pump 2 delivers the fuel solution to the common rail 1 and unit injectors (not shown) for combustion.
- the gas solubility in liquid is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas over the liquid surface and the concentration of the gas dissolved in liquid is in inverse proportion to the liquid temperature.
- the fuel solution parameters in supply line are maintained higher than parameters in the combustion chamber at injection in addition to hydrodynamic breaking of fuel stream by injector the gas dissolved in the fuel solution violently escapes from the liquid thus providing additional atomization of the fuel to more finest aerosol as well as even distribution over the volume of the combustion chamber.
- the faster evaporation on superfine fuel microdroplets at high temperature present in the combustion chamber provides speedy propagation of the flame front. This way faster and more efficiently burnt fuel delivers more energy at optimal piston and crankshaft position. As a result it takes less fuel to produce the same amount of power, as well as provides a reduction of emissions.
- Recirculation fuel solution flows from common rail is cooled down to 50° C. in cooler 6 and then merged with 1 first stage of the main fuel pump 2 in the jet pump 15 : Recirculation fuel solution from the common rail having higher pressure is guided to the nozzle of the jet pump 15 ; the ejected flow creates low pressure in the mixing chamber and recirculation flow from first stage of the main fuel pump 2 is sucked into the mixing chamber of the jet pump thus providing lower pressure at the drainage port of the main fuel pump and better conditions for gas separation.
- Three-way valves 14 and 16 are used to switch between conditioned mode and base mode of engine operation.
- conditioned mode operation the mixed recirculation fuel solution flow from jet pump 15 is guided to the recirculation inlet of the absorber.
- base mode both valve are set to initial position and recirculation flow from jet pump is guided to the fuel tank 3 .
- a gas separator can be provided in recirculation line for removing free gas/fuel vapor phase from recirculation fuel solution flow.
- the recirculation flow is cooled, preferably, to 50° C. in a cooler 6 and is then guided to the gas separator 7 .
- the liquid fuel solution from gas separator is fed to the inlet of main fuel pump 2 and separated free gas/fuel vapor is guided to the gas port of the absorber 10 using a low pressure compressor 8 .
- FIG. 3 shows a preferred embodiment for an internal combustion engine having one-stage main fuel pump 2 and distributed unit injectors 1 .
- the recirculation flow from unit injectors 1 contains high concentration of dissolved gasses so it is guided back to the inlet of the main fuel pump. But passing through a cylinder head it contains some free gas/fuel vapor that should be separated from the recirculation flow as it may damage the unit injectors.
- the recirculation flow is cooled preferably to 50° C. in a cooler 18 and free gas/fuel vapor is separated in a gas separator 19 .
- a jet pump 15 is used to remove separated free gas/fuel vapor from the gas separator 19 .
- the jet pump 15 To provide operation of the jet pump 15 some fuel after the main fuel pump 2 is guided to the nozzle of the jet pump 15 and the low pressure created by the ejected flow sucks the separated free gas/fuel vapor.
- the mixed flow from the jet pump is guided to the absorber 10 .
- the pressure regulator 36 To keep the pressure at the inlet of unit injectors 1 at required level the pressure regulator 36 is used.
- the fuel supply should be switched to the base mode using three-way valves 14 and 16 and shutting out the fuel supply to the absorber 10 .
- the cylinder head and the fuel supply should be flushed from conditioned fuel by operating the engine on the base unconditioned fuel for about 30-90 seconds.
Abstract
Description
- The present application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 12/798,513, filed Apr. 6, 2010, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by specific reference thereto.
- The present invention relates to liquid fuel combustion and, more particularly, to the preparation of liquid fuels for combustion in a combustion chamber of internal combustion engines.
- In existing internal combustion engines such as diesel and gasoline engines, as well as other types of engines a fuel is injected into a combustion chamber at high pressure. A charge of the fuel is injected by means of solenoid injectors controlled by an on-board microcomputer and connected to a common rail. The on-board microcomputer controls injection timing and duration as well as an injection pressure by means of a two-stage main fuel pump. To provide better fuel atomization after injection into combustion chamber the fuel pressure in the common rail upstream the injectors is maintained at high level, e.g., in diesel engines the fuel pressure is maintained at 2000-2400 bars.
- Currently different approaches are used to improve the fuel atomization and dispersion in the combustion chamber after injection. For example, joint injection of hydrogen or natural gas with gasoline is used, in other systems a compressed air stream is directed to the fuel spray injected into the combustion chamber. There is also an approach where fuel and air are induced with the same charge to reduce coalescence of the fuel microdroplets after the injection.
- There are known attempts to disperse fuel by dissolving some gas, e.g., air or carbon dioxide, in the liquid fuel and subsequently injecting this solution into the combustion chamber. When injected into the combustion chamber the dissolved gas is released from the solution providing very fine dispersion of the liquid fuel. In U.S. Pat. No. 6,273,072 (Knapstein et al.) and U.S. Pat. No. 7,011,048 (Gurin et al.), there are described methods and devices for implementation and utilization of the abovementioned effect. The described systems require special devices that are supposed to work within a certain range of parameters and at the same time certain conditions should be observed to provide the fuel/gas solution to the combustion chamber in proper condition. In practice it is difficult to satisfy both of these requirements simultaneously, and the achieved effect is not stable at various loads.
- An object of this invention is to provide a method and apparatus which overcomes the abovementioned disadvantages and which provides for further improvement in the fuel injection into the combustion chamber that reduces fuel consumption as well as emissions.
- In accordance with invention there are provided technical solutions for different types of fuel systems. The fuel is prepared for injection and combustion in a special device, an absorber, where the fuel is contacted with the gas or gasses. The gas pressure inside the absorber is maintained higher than the fuel pressure supplied to the absorber; the gas is dissolved in the liquid fuel forming an unsaturated fuel solution having no free gas phase. The resultant fuel solution is guided to a main fuel pump that further increases the pressure of the fuel solution providing no free gas phase. Upon injection in the combustion chamber in addition to the hydrodynamic fuel atomization a violent degassing takes place providing continuous chain breaking of fuel microdroplet to fine “nano” sizes. The combination of the gas desorption from the fuel solution with the hydrodynamic breaking-up of the injected fuel provides a fundamentally new process of the fuel atomization in the combustion chamber. The fuel microdroplets continuously break up to significantly small sizes providing an extremely high interfacial curvature and liquid vapor (fuel) pressure increases by as much as 8-10 times. This effect is described by the Kelvin equation and it is well known that the quicker liquid fuel evaporates the more rapid and effective the combustion of the gasoline or diesel is. One more important additional effect of the new injection process: the continuous chain breaking of the fuel droplets caused by the gas desorption prevents coalescence of the droplets and formation of a fuel film on the walls of the combustion chamber. As a result more fuel surface is available for contact with air. Thus the fuel burns faster and more completely giving less harmful emissions.
- Taking into account this and other objects a method of fuel activation and supplying into the combustion process is presented. The method comprises steps of:
- a) Dissolving a gas/mix of gasses in fuel thereby transferring the liquid fuel into a state of unsaturated “fuel/gas” solution without any free gas phase; the fuel is dispersed in the absorber to increase the contact surface with the gas supplied to the absorber at high pressure of up to 100 bar; the process is performed, preferably, at lower temperatures, and gas used for dissolution can be a mixture of, for example, exhaust gases and oxygen enriched air having O2 content of up to 35% and fuel/mixture of gases ratio by weight of 1:0.055. The purpose of using the mixture with increased oxygen content is to increase the local concentration of the oxidant during gas desorption. The presence of locally available oxidant helps more quicker fuel ignition.
- b) Activating “fuel/gas” solution by changing the state of the “fuel/gas” solution for a short period of time to a boundary state of oversaturated solution in such way as to minimize or exclude free gas bubbles flashing out of the fuel solution flow at the inlet of the main fuel pump by lowing the pressure of the fuel solution flow or by ultrasound treatment in a hermetic vessel comprising a vibrating element that by ultrafast oscillations forms partial pressure decrease of the fuel solution flowing through the vessel.
- c) Merging the recirculation fuel solution flows pumped out after the injection from common rail and main fuel pump, cooling down the fuel solution to 50° C. and guiding it to the absorber to separate free gas/fuel vapor phase.
- d) In the fuel system with single stage main fuel pump and distributed injection pumps the return flow is cooled, separated from free gas/fuel vapor phase and guided to the inlet of the main fuel pump. Some fuel after the main fuel pump is guided to a nozzle of a jet pump which is used to pump out free gas/fuel vapor phase from a gas separator and the mix flow then is fed to the absorber to separated liquid and gas phases. This helps to avoid gas or vapor bubbles appearing that may create pressure pulses at the outlet of the main fuel pump and affect the operation of the fuel injectors.
- e) Preparing the gas mixture to be used for dissolution in the fuel by cooling and compressing the exhaust gases and mixing it with oxygen enriched air formed by filtering compressed air through a special membrane filter; prepared gas mixture is guided to the absorber for dissolving in the liquid fuel.
- With this and other objects in view there is provided, in accordance with the invention, a system for liquid fuel activation and feeding activated liquid fuel to the combustion chamber for combustion, comprising:
- a) an absorber for fuel conditioning, having a liquid inlet port for providing a fresh liquid fuel from a fuel tank, a gas inlet port for providing gas or gas mixture, an inlet port for providing returned fuel flows from an engine common rail and main fuel pump, and an outlet port for supplying a fuel solution from the absorber to an engine;
- b) a fuel solution activator for momentary transferring the fuel solution to a state of oversaturated solution thereby preparing the fuel solution to a burst gas desorption at injection into the combustion chamber;
- c) a fuel supply subsystem for supplying the fresh liquid fuel to the absorber with maintaining fuel level inside the absorber between min and max limits;
- d) a subsystem for collecting returned flows from the engine and main fuel pump, separating free gas/fuel vapor, cooling down to 50° C. and guiding the returned flows to the inlet port of the main fuel pump;
- e) a control system for controlling the fuel supply and engine operation.
- The system and method of operation of the invention with additional objects and advantages thereof will be best understood from the following description of specific embodiments when read in connection with the accompanying drawings.
-
FIG. 1 shows one of the an embodiment of the invention for internal combustion engines having common rail injection system. -
FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of the invention for internal combustion engines having common rail injection system. -
FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of the invention for diesel engines having fuel supply system with fuel distribution pump. -
FIG. 1 of the drawing shows one of the possible embodiments of the system for an internal combustion engine having common rail injection system. The internal combustion engine can be a standard diesel or gasoline engine. The engine comprises a commonrail injection system 1, a two-stagemain fuel pump 2, afuel tank 3, a primary fuel filter 4, afine fuel filter 5. The common rail injection subsystem comprises unit injectors (not shown) for injecting fuel charge into a cylinder combustion chambers and fluidically connected with the outlet ports of the common rail. - The activation system according to the present invention consists of two subsystems: a conditioning subsystem and a gas preparation subsystem.
- The conditioning subsystem comprises an
absorber 10, afeeding pump 11, adifferential pressure regulator 12, ajet pump 15. Three-way valves valves - The gas preparation subsystem comprises a
reactor 13 and two air and exhaust gases supply lines. Air fromair source 26 flows through afilter 28, acompressor 29, apressure regulator 30, and an oxygenenrichment membrane filter 31, acheck valve 27 prevents air to flow in wrong direction; exhaust gases from exhaust line of theengine 20 flows through afilter 22, a cooler 23, acompressor 24 and apressure regulator 25,check valve 21 prevents exhaust gasses to flow in wrong direction. - The gas mixture is prepared in the
reactor 13 by mixing the exhaust gases as sources of CO2 with oxygen enriched air that is formed after ambient air passes through the oxygenenrichment membrane filter 31. Mixing of two gas streams in equal portions by weight is provided bypressure regulators compressors pressure regulators - The fuel from
fuel tank 3 is delivered by feedingpump 11 to the nozzles mounted in theabsorber 10. The feedingpump 11 provides the fuel pressure P1. The gas mixture from thereactor 13 is guided to the gas inlet port of theabsorber 10 under gas pressure P2 which is controlled bypressure regulator 17.Pressure regulator 32 maintains the gas pressure inside theabsorber 10 at set level P2. The gas pressure P2 is set lower than the fuel pressure P1 providing satisfactory working condition for the fuel dispersing by the nozzle inabsorber 10. The dispersing of fuel in gas results in achieving a significant amount of gas being dissolved in fuel. An outlet port located at the bottom of theabsorber 10 is fluidically connected to the inlet port of themain fuel pump 2. Thedifferential pressure regulator 12 positioned in the connection line between theabsorber 10 andmain fuel pump 2 temporarily reduces the fuel solution pressure. The reduced pressure transfers the fuel solution into the boundary state of saturated solution thus facilitating the gas desorption from the fuel by destroying sorption links between liquid and gas molecules. This step improves effectiveness of the desorption process at injection and improves the atomization of the injected fuel charge. In addition thedifferential pressure regulator 12 compensates for pressure spikes arising during theabsorber 10 operation. Instead ofdifferential regulator 12 an ultrasonic magnetostrictive actuator in a hermetical vessel through which a liquid fuel/gas solution flows can be used.Main fuel pump 2 again increases the pressure of the fuel solution as much as 2 times and returns the fuel solution in the state of unsaturated solution. In such state themain fuel pump 2 delivers the fuel solution to thecommon rail 1 and unit injectors (not shown) for combustion. - It is well known that the gas solubility in liquid is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas over the liquid surface and the concentration of the gas dissolved in liquid is in inverse proportion to the liquid temperature. As the fuel solution parameters in supply line are maintained higher than parameters in the combustion chamber at injection in addition to hydrodynamic breaking of fuel stream by injector the gas dissolved in the fuel solution violently escapes from the liquid thus providing additional atomization of the fuel to more finest aerosol as well as even distribution over the volume of the combustion chamber. The faster evaporation on superfine fuel microdroplets at high temperature present in the combustion chamber provides speedy propagation of the flame front. This way faster and more efficiently burnt fuel delivers more energy at optimal piston and crankshaft position. As a result it takes less fuel to produce the same amount of power, as well as provides a reduction of emissions.
- Since the
main fuel pump 2 delivers more fuel than the internal combustion engine can consume to produce useful power recirculation lines are provided for returning excess fuel. Recirculation fuel solution flows from common rail is cooled down to 50° C. in cooler 6 and then merged with 1 first stage of themain fuel pump 2 in the jet pump 15: Recirculation fuel solution from the common rail having higher pressure is guided to the nozzle of thejet pump 15; the ejected flow creates low pressure in the mixing chamber and recirculation flow from first stage of themain fuel pump 2 is sucked into the mixing chamber of the jet pump thus providing lower pressure at the drainage port of the main fuel pump and better conditions for gas separation. - Three-
way valves jet pump 15 is guided to the recirculation inlet of the absorber. In base mode both valve are set to initial position and recirculation flow from jet pump is guided to thefuel tank 3. - In another embodiment (
FIG. 2 ) a gas separator can be provided in recirculation line for removing free gas/fuel vapor phase from recirculation fuel solution flow. The recirculation flow is cooled, preferably, to 50° C. in a cooler 6 and is then guided to the gas separator 7. The liquid fuel solution from gas separator is fed to the inlet ofmain fuel pump 2 and separated free gas/fuel vapor is guided to the gas port of theabsorber 10 using a low pressure compressor 8. -
FIG. 3 shows a preferred embodiment for an internal combustion engine having one-stagemain fuel pump 2 and distributedunit injectors 1. In conditioned mode operation the recirculation flow fromunit injectors 1 contains high concentration of dissolved gasses so it is guided back to the inlet of the main fuel pump. But passing through a cylinder head it contains some free gas/fuel vapor that should be separated from the recirculation flow as it may damage the unit injectors. The recirculation flow is cooled preferably to 50° C. in a cooler 18 and free gas/fuel vapor is separated in agas separator 19. Ajet pump 15 is used to remove separated free gas/fuel vapor from thegas separator 19. To provide operation of thejet pump 15 some fuel after themain fuel pump 2 is guided to the nozzle of thejet pump 15 and the low pressure created by the ejected flow sucks the separated free gas/fuel vapor. The mixed flow from the jet pump is guided to theabsorber 10. To keep the pressure at the inlet ofunit injectors 1 at required level thepressure regulator 36 is used. - To shut the engine off or at idle operation the fuel supply should be switched to the base mode using three-
way valves absorber 10. - Before parking the vehicle for a long period of time the cylinder head and the fuel supply should be flushed from conditioned fuel by operating the engine on the base unconditioned fuel for about 30-90 seconds.
- The present invention is not to be construed as limited to the forms shown which are to be considered illustrative rather than restrictive.
Claims (13)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US13/920,508 US20140000571A1 (en) | 2009-04-15 | 2013-06-18 | Method and system for providing fuel to internal combustion engines |
US14/457,034 US20140360474A1 (en) | 2009-04-15 | 2014-08-11 | Method and system for providing fuel to internal combustion engines |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US21267109P | 2009-04-15 | 2009-04-15 | |
US12/798,513 US8464694B2 (en) | 2009-04-15 | 2010-04-06 | Method and system for providing fuel to internal combustion engines |
US13/920,508 US20140000571A1 (en) | 2009-04-15 | 2013-06-18 | Method and system for providing fuel to internal combustion engines |
Related Parent Applications (1)
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US12/798,513 Continuation US8464694B2 (en) | 2009-04-15 | 2010-04-06 | Method and system for providing fuel to internal combustion engines |
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US20140000571A1 true US20140000571A1 (en) | 2014-01-02 |
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US12/798,513 Expired - Fee Related US8464694B2 (en) | 2009-04-15 | 2010-04-06 | Method and system for providing fuel to internal combustion engines |
US13/920,508 Abandoned US20140000571A1 (en) | 2009-04-15 | 2013-06-18 | Method and system for providing fuel to internal combustion engines |
US14/457,034 Abandoned US20140360474A1 (en) | 2009-04-15 | 2014-08-11 | Method and system for providing fuel to internal combustion engines |
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WO2017205681A1 (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2017-11-30 | Salus Energy Solutions, L.P. | Hydrogenated liquid fuel production and hyperbaric fuel induction system for gasoline and diesel internal combustion engines |
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