US20140242373A1 - Composite Part Assembly - Google Patents

Composite Part Assembly Download PDF

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Publication number
US20140242373A1
US20140242373A1 US14/268,263 US201414268263A US2014242373A1 US 20140242373 A1 US20140242373 A1 US 20140242373A1 US 201414268263 A US201414268263 A US 201414268263A US 2014242373 A1 US2014242373 A1 US 2014242373A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
layer
resin
assembly
panel
composite
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US14/268,263
Inventor
Aindrea McKelvey Campbell
Daniel Quinn Houston
Amanda Kay Freis
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ford Global Technologies LLC
Original Assignee
Ford Global Technologies LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ford Global Technologies LLC filed Critical Ford Global Technologies LLC
Priority to US14/268,263 priority Critical patent/US20140242373A1/en
Publication of US20140242373A1 publication Critical patent/US20140242373A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J15/00—Riveting
    • B21J15/02—Riveting procedures
    • B21J15/025—Setting self-piercing rivets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J15/00—Riveting
    • B21J15/10—Riveting machines
    • B21J15/14—Riveting machines specially adapted for riveting specific articles, e.g. brake lining machines
    • B21J15/147—Composite articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/562—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using extra joining elements, i.e. which are not integral with the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/562—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using extra joining elements, i.e. which are not integral with the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/564—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using extra joining elements, i.e. which are not integral with the parts to be joined hidden in the joint, e.g. dowels or Z-pins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7841—Holding or clamping means for handling purposes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/21—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being formed by a single dot or dash or by several dots or dashes, i.e. spot joining or spot welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7214—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the length of the fibres
    • B29C66/72143—Fibres of discontinuous lengths
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/74—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
    • B29C66/742—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to metals or their alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81411—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat
    • B29C66/81421—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave
    • B29C66/81422—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave being convex
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81427—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single ridge, e.g. for making a weakening line; comprising a single tooth
    • B29C66/81429—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single ridge, e.g. for making a weakening line; comprising a single tooth comprising a single tooth
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81431—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single cavity, e.g. a groove
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B1/00—Layered products having a general shape other than plane
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/18—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising iron or steel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/20—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising aluminium or copper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
    • B32B27/20—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives using fillers, pigments, thixotroping agents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/08—Interconnection of layers by mechanical means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B19/00—Bolts without screw-thread; Pins, including deformable elements; Rivets
    • F16B19/04—Rivets; Spigots or the like fastened by riveting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/60—Riveting or staking
    • B29C65/601—Riveting or staking using extra riveting elements, i.e. the rivets being non-integral with the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/602—Riveting or staking using extra riveting elements, i.e. the rivets being non-integral with the parts to be joined using hollow rivets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7212—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the composition of the fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7232—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer
    • B29C66/72321—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer consisting of metals or their alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7394—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/74—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
    • B29C66/742—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to metals or their alloys
    • B29C66/7422—Aluminium or alloys of aluminium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/74—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
    • B29C66/742—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to metals or their alloys
    • B29C66/7428—Transition metals or their alloys
    • B29C66/74283—Iron or alloys of iron, e.g. steel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B29C70/42—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C70/46—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
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    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
    • B32B2262/106—Carbon fibres, e.g. graphite fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T29/49908—Joining by deforming
    • Y10T29/49936—Surface interlocking
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T29/49947—Assembling or joining by applying separate fastener
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T29/49954—Fastener deformed after application
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T29/49954—Fastener deformed after application
    • Y10T29/49956—Riveting
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T428/269—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension including synthetic resin or polymer layer or component

Definitions

  • This disclosure relates to fastening parts or panels to a composite part formed from a resin and a fibrous filler material.
  • Composite materials such as carbon fiber, glass fiber or natural fiber composites, can be limited in application due to challenges relating to joining parts together. Frequently, these composites have limited ductility and are not well adapted to large displacements and deformation required to produce an SPR button.
  • adhesive has been used extensively in the past to join composite parts together
  • adhesive joining is a lower volume production method when used in isolation and is susceptible to displacement (i.e., movement between the parts to be joined) until the glue is cured.
  • Other methods such as blind rivets may be used to fasten parts to a composite component but it is necessary to first drill or pre-form a hole through the parts to insert the blind rivet. Assembly operations for drilling holes, aligning the holes, inserting the blind rivet and affixing the rivet add to the cost of assembly and the cost of tooling.
  • a joining solution is needed that meets high volume production requirements and enables joining in a low ductility material.
  • This disclosure is directed to overcoming the above problems and other problems associated with the use of composite parts in applications where other parts are joined to a composite part.
  • the method may be performed with a self-piercing rivet (hereinafter “SPR”).
  • SPR self-piercing rivet
  • the tool used to insert the SPR is a riveting tool that includes a punch and a die, as a back-up.
  • a method of joining a part to a composite material part is disclosed.
  • a first part is selected and a second part is selected that includes a first layer of a resin matrix that is reinforced with a filler material and a second layer of a resin matrix that does not include the filler material on at least part of one side of the second part.
  • the first and second parts are inserted between a fastener in a tool and a back-up.
  • the fastener is driven through the first part, the first layer of the second part and into the second layer of the second part without penetrating completely through the second layer.
  • the method further comprises forming the second part in a compression molding die by placing the filler material that includes a fiber reinforcement in the compression molding die and also separately depositing the resin matrix into the compression molding die.
  • the method may further comprise depositing the resin matrix into the compression molding die in two steps. In one step, the resin is deposited in the compression molding die to encase the filler material in the first layer. In another step, the resin is deposited in the compression molding die in the second layer.
  • the method may further comprise providing a textured surface on a predetermined portion of the compression molding die where the second layer is formed. The textured surface inhibits the filler material from becoming part of the second layer. Following either approach, the second layer may be more than 3 microns thick.
  • an assembly may be provided that includes a first part and a second part formed of a composite material that are joined together with a fastener.
  • the second part has a first layer of a resin matrix that is reinforced with a filler and a second layer of a resin matrix that does not include the filler on at least part of one side of the second part.
  • the fastener extends through the first part and partially through the second part. The fastener extends into the second layer without extending through the second layer.
  • the fastener may be a self-piercing rivet having a tubular portion that extends fully through the filler material.
  • the filler material is not exposed on a side of the second part that is opposite the first part.
  • the tubular portion may be spread apart within the second part to secure the first part to the second part.
  • the filler may be a fiber reinforcement that is randomly deposited or aligned in the resin matrix.
  • the second layer of the second part may be provided in localized areas on the first layer where the self-piercing rivets are intended to be driven into the assembly.
  • a composite part includes a first layer that includes fiber reinforcement material and a second layer that is not reinforced to provide added ductility in a layer of the composite part.
  • the second layer of the resin matrix that does not include the filler material is provided on at least part of one side of the second part and may be more than 3 microns thick.
  • the filler material in the composite part may be a fiber reinforcement that is randomly deposited or aligned in the resin matrix.
  • the second layer may define voids across areas of the first layer.
  • the resin matrix may be a thermoplastic resin or a thermoset resin.
  • the filler material may be carbon fiber, glass fiber, mica, natural fiber, or the like.
  • FIGS. 1A-1D are a series of diagrammatic views illustrating the manufacturing process for inserting a self-piercing rivet with a self-piercing rivet tool into two panels beginning with the initial set up through completion of the riveting process;
  • FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic view showing one rivet in position to be inserted into a metal part and a composite part;
  • FIG. 3 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view showing a self-piercing rivet inserted through a first panel and into a second composite material panel having added resin matrix;
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view partially in cross section showing the obverse side of a pair of panels joined with self-piercing rivets in areas having additional resin matrix material.
  • a self-piercing rivet tool is generally identified by reference numeral 10 .
  • the self-piercing rivet tool 10 is used to insert a self-piercing rivet 12 (hereinafter “SPR”) into a first panel or part 16 and a second panel or part 18 .
  • the first panel may be a steel, aluminum or other metal panel or may alternatively be a composite part, such as, an SMC composite panel including a fiber reinforced resin.
  • the second panel or part 18 is a composite panel that is preferably provided with additional matrix material on the lower side of the panel 18 . The structure of the second panel, or part, 18 is described more specifically with reference to FIGS. 2-4 .
  • the first and second panels 16 and 18 are shown in FIG. 1A to be retained between a blank holder 20 and a die 22 that engage opposite sides of the stack of panels. Additional panels may be provided of various compositions. This disclosure is intended to include stacks of three, four or more panels of various thicknesses and compositions.
  • the die 22 backs up the panels 16 and 18 as the punch 24 drives the rivet.
  • the first part of the riveting process is illustrated wherein an indentation 26 is formed in the panels 16 and 18 that are driven into a pip 28 formed in the die 22 . While a pip 28 is shown in the illustrated embodiment, a die 22 having a flat surface could also be employed in the disclosed process.
  • the rivet 12 includes a hollow tubular portion 30 that is driven into the first and second panels 16 and 18 to join the panels together.
  • the rivet 12 is shown fully inserted into the first and second panels 16 and 18 with the punch 24 driving the rivet 12 until it is flush with the first panel 16 .
  • the blank holder 20 continues to apply pressure to the first panel 16 while the tubular portion 30 of the rivet 12 is driven through the first panel 16 and into the second or composite panel 18 .
  • a slug 32 is separated from the first panel 16 and retained within the hollow tubular portion 30 of the rivet 12 when the self-piercing rivet is inserted into the panels 16 and 18 .
  • the hollow tubular portion 30 is shown in an expanded condition after it is driven over the pip 28 that is covered by the second panel 18 .
  • the blank holder 20 and punch 24 are shown being lifted off the first panel 16 after having inserted the rivet 12 through the first panel 16 and into the second panel 18 .
  • a button 34 is formed by the rivet 12 .
  • the button 34 is formed by the rivet 12 as it is inserted through the first panel 16 and partially through the second panel 18 .
  • the rivet 12 and joined panels 16 and 18 are shown in position to be removed from the die 22 .
  • a fiber filled layer 36 includes randomly distributed fibers and filler.
  • the fiber filled layer 36 may include a carbon fiber, glass fiber, mica, or natural fiber filler material that may be arranged as a random composite or loose filler material.
  • the fiber filled layer 36 is encased in a resin matrix.
  • the resin matrix may be a thermoplastic or thermoset resin.
  • a matrix layer 38 is provided adjacent the fiber filled layer 36 on the obverse side 40 of the second panel 18 .
  • the term “obverse side” as used herein is intended to identify the side of the stack of panels that is opposite the side through which the rivet 12 is inserted.
  • the matrix layer 38 is preferably three microns or more in thickness to provide a flexible non-brittle layer into which the tubular portion 30 of the rivet 12 may extend.
  • a top layer 44 may be provided above the fiber filled layer 36 that may be approximately 1 to 2 microns thick. As illustrated, the thickness of the layers 38 and 44 are exaggerated to be visible in the drawings. The top layer 44 is provided to assure a smooth surface on the panel, as required.
  • a textured surface 46 may be provided on the obverse side 40 of the second panel 18 .
  • the textured surface 46 may serve to prevent fiber filler material from moving too close to the obverse side 40 in the molding or panel forming process.
  • the textured surface 46 permits additional resin accumulating to 3 microns or more to form a relatively pure matrix mix adjacent the obverse side 40 .
  • the textured surface 46 may be provided over the entire surface of the second panel 18 or may be provided in localized areas.
  • a rivet 12 is shown inserted through a first panel 16 and into the second panel generally indicated by reference numeral 18 .
  • the second panel 18 is preferably a composite material, such as an SMC, injection molded, compression molded, or Vartum liquid vacuum assist manufactured panel.
  • a slug 32 is severed from the first panel 16 .
  • the slug 32 locks the tubular portion 30 of the rivet 12 into an expanded condition and interlocks with the fiber filled layer 36 of the second panel 18 .
  • the matrix layer 38 facilitates forming a smooth button 34 on the obverse side 40 of the second panel 18 . Fibers in the fiber filled layer 36 may be displaced upon insertion of the tubular portion 30 of the rivet 12 but any displaced fibers are held within the panel by the matrix layer 38 .
  • a first panel 16 is shown below a second panel 18 .
  • the first and second panels are inverted in comparison to the other views presented above to illustrate the two areas having added matrix material in localized areas.
  • An edge area 52 is shown in which additional resin is provided to permit joining the two panels together with rivets 12 (shown in FIGS. 1-3 ).
  • the rivets 12 upon insertion form buttons 34 on the edge area 52 .
  • a single rivet area 54 is shown that is partially or wholly circular and may be provided in a particular localized area to receive a single rivet 12 (shown in FIGS. 1-3 ).

Abstract

A method of joining parts together with a self-piercing rivet that is inserted through a part and partially through a second part. The second part includes a fiber-filled layer and a resin matrix layer that together form a composite part. A self-piercing rivet extends into the second part, but does not penetrate completely through the matrix layer. An assembly, including a first part and a second part that includes a reinforced layer and a resin layer in which a fastener is inserted, but does not extend through the second layer. A composite part including a first layer of resin matrix reinforces the filler and a second layer of resin matrix that does not include a filler and is more than 3 microns thick.

Description

    TECHNICAL FIELD
  • This disclosure relates to fastening parts or panels to a composite part formed from a resin and a fibrous filler material.
    • BACKGROUND
  • As the automotive industry continues to focus on reducing the weight of vehicles to meet customer expectations on fuel economy and CAFE requirements, interest in alternative materials including carbon fiber composite applications has increased. In body-in-white structures, joining methods have traditionally relied on resistance-spot welding (e.g., in steel structures). In the case of aluminum intensive vehicles and other mixed metal joining applications, self-piercing rivet (SPR) technology prevails. One advantage of SPR technology is that it is a high production volume assembly process. Further, it is compatible with adhesive, where both methods can be used in conjunction. The challenge often faced with SPR however, is that the substrate material must be ductile enough to form a “button”, i.e., protrusion, which is the result of creating the joint and the necessary deformation to provide mechanical interlock. When composite parts do not have sufficient ductility to form a button on the obverse side, fibers may be exposed through cracks in this surface. Surface cracking and fiber displacement are undesirable, as they may reduce the durability of the joint and result in premature failure.
  • Composite materials, such as carbon fiber, glass fiber or natural fiber composites, can be limited in application due to challenges relating to joining parts together. Frequently, these composites have limited ductility and are not well adapted to large displacements and deformation required to produce an SPR button. While adhesive has been used extensively in the past to join composite parts together, adhesive joining is a lower volume production method when used in isolation and is susceptible to displacement (i.e., movement between the parts to be joined) until the glue is cured. Other methods, such as blind rivets may be used to fasten parts to a composite component but it is necessary to first drill or pre-form a hole through the parts to insert the blind rivet. Assembly operations for drilling holes, aligning the holes, inserting the blind rivet and affixing the rivet add to the cost of assembly and the cost of tooling. A joining solution is needed that meets high volume production requirements and enables joining in a low ductility material.
  • This disclosure is directed to overcoming the above problems and other problems associated with the use of composite parts in applications where other parts are joined to a composite part.
    • SUMMARY
  • The method may be performed with a self-piercing rivet (hereinafter “SPR”). The tool used to insert the SPR is a riveting tool that includes a punch and a die, as a back-up.
  • According to one aspect of this disclosure, a method of joining a part to a composite material part is disclosed. According to the method, a first part is selected and a second part is selected that includes a first layer of a resin matrix that is reinforced with a filler material and a second layer of a resin matrix that does not include the filler material on at least part of one side of the second part. The first and second parts are inserted between a fastener in a tool and a back-up. The fastener is driven through the first part, the first layer of the second part and into the second layer of the second part without penetrating completely through the second layer.
  • According to other aspects of the disclosure, the method further comprises forming the second part in a compression molding die by placing the filler material that includes a fiber reinforcement in the compression molding die and also separately depositing the resin matrix into the compression molding die. The method may further comprise depositing the resin matrix into the compression molding die in two steps. In one step, the resin is deposited in the compression molding die to encase the filler material in the first layer. In another step, the resin is deposited in the compression molding die in the second layer. In another approach, the method may further comprise providing a textured surface on a predetermined portion of the compression molding die where the second layer is formed. The textured surface inhibits the filler material from becoming part of the second layer. Following either approach, the second layer may be more than 3 microns thick.
  • According to another aspect of the disclosure, an assembly may be provided that includes a first part and a second part formed of a composite material that are joined together with a fastener. The second part has a first layer of a resin matrix that is reinforced with a filler and a second layer of a resin matrix that does not include the filler on at least part of one side of the second part. The fastener extends through the first part and partially through the second part. The fastener extends into the second layer without extending through the second layer.
  • According to other aspects of the disclosure as it relates to the assembly, the fastener may be a self-piercing rivet having a tubular portion that extends fully through the filler material. However, the filler material is not exposed on a side of the second part that is opposite the first part. The tubular portion may be spread apart within the second part to secure the first part to the second part. The filler may be a fiber reinforcement that is randomly deposited or aligned in the resin matrix. The second layer of the second part may be provided in localized areas on the first layer where the self-piercing rivets are intended to be driven into the assembly.
  • According to another aspect of the disclosure, a composite part is provided that includes a first layer that includes fiber reinforcement material and a second layer that is not reinforced to provide added ductility in a layer of the composite part. The second layer of the resin matrix that does not include the filler material is provided on at least part of one side of the second part and may be more than 3 microns thick. The filler material in the composite part may be a fiber reinforcement that is randomly deposited or aligned in the resin matrix. The second layer may define voids across areas of the first layer. The resin matrix may be a thermoplastic resin or a thermoset resin. The filler material may be carbon fiber, glass fiber, mica, natural fiber, or the like.
  • These and other aspects of the disclosure will be better understood in view of the attached drawings and the following detailed description of the disclosed embodiments.
    • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • FIGS. 1A-1D are a series of diagrammatic views illustrating the manufacturing process for inserting a self-piercing rivet with a self-piercing rivet tool into two panels beginning with the initial set up through completion of the riveting process;
  • FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic view showing one rivet in position to be inserted into a metal part and a composite part;
  • FIG. 3 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view showing a self-piercing rivet inserted through a first panel and into a second composite material panel having added resin matrix; and
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view partially in cross section showing the obverse side of a pair of panels joined with self-piercing rivets in areas having additional resin matrix material.
    •  DETAILED DESCRIPTION
  • A detailed description of the illustrated embodiments of the present invention is provided below. The disclosed embodiments are examples of the invention that may be embodied in various and alternative forms. The figures are not necessarily to scale. Some features may be exaggerated or minimized to show details of particular components. The specific structural and functional details disclosed in this application are not to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art how to practice the invention.
  • Referring to FIGS. 1A-1D, a self-piercing rivet tool is generally identified by reference numeral 10. The self-piercing rivet tool 10 is used to insert a self-piercing rivet 12 (hereinafter “SPR”) into a first panel or part 16 and a second panel or part 18. The first panel may be a steel, aluminum or other metal panel or may alternatively be a composite part, such as, an SMC composite panel including a fiber reinforced resin. The second panel or part 18 is a composite panel that is preferably provided with additional matrix material on the lower side of the panel 18. The structure of the second panel, or part, 18 is described more specifically with reference to FIGS. 2-4.
  • The first and second panels 16 and 18 are shown in FIG. 1A to be retained between a blank holder 20 and a die 22 that engage opposite sides of the stack of panels. Additional panels may be provided of various compositions. This disclosure is intended to include stacks of three, four or more panels of various thicknesses and compositions. The die 22 backs up the panels 16 and 18 as the punch 24 drives the rivet.
  • Referring to FIG. 1B, the first part of the riveting process is illustrated wherein an indentation 26 is formed in the panels 16 and 18 that are driven into a pip 28 formed in the die 22. While a pip 28 is shown in the illustrated embodiment, a die 22 having a flat surface could also be employed in the disclosed process. The rivet 12 includes a hollow tubular portion 30 that is driven into the first and second panels 16 and 18 to join the panels together.
  • Referring to FIG. 1C, the rivet 12 is shown fully inserted into the first and second panels 16 and 18 with the punch 24 driving the rivet 12 until it is flush with the first panel 16. The blank holder 20 continues to apply pressure to the first panel 16 while the tubular portion 30 of the rivet 12 is driven through the first panel 16 and into the second or composite panel 18. A slug 32 is separated from the first panel 16 and retained within the hollow tubular portion 30 of the rivet 12 when the self-piercing rivet is inserted into the panels 16 and 18. The hollow tubular portion 30 is shown in an expanded condition after it is driven over the pip 28 that is covered by the second panel 18.
  • Referring to FIG. 1D, the blank holder 20 and punch 24 are shown being lifted off the first panel 16 after having inserted the rivet 12 through the first panel 16 and into the second panel 18. A button 34 is formed by the rivet 12. The button 34 is formed by the rivet 12 as it is inserted through the first panel 16 and partially through the second panel 18. The rivet 12 and joined panels 16 and 18 are shown in position to be removed from the die 22.
  • Referring to FIG. 2, a single rivet 12 is shown above two panels 16 and 18 that are ready to be joined by insertion of the rivet 12. A fiber filled layer 36 includes randomly distributed fibers and filler. The fiber filled layer 36 may include a carbon fiber, glass fiber, mica, or natural fiber filler material that may be arranged as a random composite or loose filler material. The fiber filled layer 36 is encased in a resin matrix. The resin matrix may be a thermoplastic or thermoset resin. A matrix layer 38 is provided adjacent the fiber filled layer 36 on the obverse side 40 of the second panel 18. The term “obverse side” as used herein is intended to identify the side of the stack of panels that is opposite the side through which the rivet 12 is inserted. The matrix layer 38 is preferably three microns or more in thickness to provide a flexible non-brittle layer into which the tubular portion 30 of the rivet 12 may extend. A top layer 44 may be provided above the fiber filled layer 36 that may be approximately 1 to 2 microns thick. As illustrated, the thickness of the layers 38 and 44 are exaggerated to be visible in the drawings. The top layer 44 is provided to assure a smooth surface on the panel, as required.
  • A textured surface 46 may be provided on the obverse side 40 of the second panel 18. The textured surface 46 may serve to prevent fiber filler material from moving too close to the obverse side 40 in the molding or panel forming process. The textured surface 46 permits additional resin accumulating to 3 microns or more to form a relatively pure matrix mix adjacent the obverse side 40. The textured surface 46 may be provided over the entire surface of the second panel 18 or may be provided in localized areas.
  • Referring to FIG. 3, a rivet 12 is shown inserted through a first panel 16 and into the second panel generally indicated by reference numeral 18. The second panel 18 is preferably a composite material, such as an SMC, injection molded, compression molded, or Vartum liquid vacuum assist manufactured panel. As the rivet 12 is inserted, a slug 32 is severed from the first panel 16. The slug 32 locks the tubular portion 30 of the rivet 12 into an expanded condition and interlocks with the fiber filled layer 36 of the second panel 18. The matrix layer 38 facilitates forming a smooth button 34 on the obverse side 40 of the second panel 18. Fibers in the fiber filled layer 36 may be displaced upon insertion of the tubular portion 30 of the rivet 12 but any displaced fibers are held within the panel by the matrix layer 38.
  • Referring to FIG. 4, a first panel 16 is shown below a second panel 18. The first and second panels are inverted in comparison to the other views presented above to illustrate the two areas having added matrix material in localized areas. An edge area 52 is shown in which additional resin is provided to permit joining the two panels together with rivets 12 (shown in FIGS. 1-3). The rivets 12 upon insertion form buttons 34 on the edge area 52. In a similar manner, a single rivet area 54 is shown that is partially or wholly circular and may be provided in a particular localized area to receive a single rivet 12 (shown in FIGS. 1-3). By providing only localized areas 52, 54 of added matrix, the weight of the second panel 18 may be minimized while providing a matrix layer 38 in which well-formed and smooth buttons 34 may be formed on the obverse side of the second panel 18.
  • While exemplary embodiments are described above, it is not intended that these embodiments describe all possible forms of the invention. Rather, the words used in the specification are words of description rather than limitation, and it is understood that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Additionally, the features of various implementing embodiments may be combined to form further embodiments of the invention.

Claims (15)

1-6. (canceled)
7. An assembly comprising:
a first part;
a second part having a first layer of a resin that is reinforced with a filler and a second layer of a resin without the filler on at least part of one side of the second part; and
a fastener that extends through the first part and partially through the second part, the fastener extending into the second layer without extending through the second layer.
8. The assembly of claim 7 wherein the fastener is a self-piercing rivet having a tubular portion that extends fully through the filler material, and wherein the filler is not exposed on a side of the second part that is opposite the first part.
9. The assembly of claim 8 wherein the tubular portion is spread apart within the second part to secure the first part to the second part.
10. The assembly of claim 8 wherein the second layer is provided in localized areas on the first layer where the self-piercing rivet is disposed in the assembly.
11. The assembly of claim 10 wherein the second layer defines voids across areas of the first layer.
12. The assembly of claim 7 wherein the filler is a fiber reinforcement that is randomly deposited in the resin.
13. The assembly of claim 7 wherein the resin is selected from a group consisting essentially of:
a thermoplastic resin; and
a thermoset resin.
14. The assembly of claim 7 wherein the filler material is selected from a group consisting essentially of:
carbon fiber;
glass fiber;
mica; and
natural fiber.
15. A composite part comprising:
a first layer of a resin matrix that is reinforced with a filler material; and
a second layer of the resin matrix that does not include the filler material on at least part of one side of the second part, wherein the second layer is more than 3 microns thick.
16. The composite part of claim 15 wherein the filler material is a fiber reinforcement that is randomly deposited in the resin matrix.
17. The composite part of claim 15 wherein the second layer defines voids across areas of the first layer.
18. The composite part of claim 15 wherein the resin matrix is a thermoplastic resin.
19. The composite part of claim 15 wherein the resin matrix is a thermoset resin.
20. The composite part of claim 15 wherein the filler material is selected from a group consisting essentially of:
carbon fiber;
glass fiber;
mica; and
natural fiber.
US14/268,263 2012-04-17 2014-05-02 Composite Part Assembly Abandoned US20140242373A1 (en)

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US20130273314A1 (en) 2013-10-17
US8739388B2 (en) 2014-06-03
CN103419367A (en) 2013-12-04

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