US20140331478A1 - Method for joining workpiece layers and connecting element and joining device - Google Patents

Method for joining workpiece layers and connecting element and joining device Download PDF

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Publication number
US20140331478A1
US20140331478A1 US14/361,457 US201314361457A US2014331478A1 US 20140331478 A1 US20140331478 A1 US 20140331478A1 US 201314361457 A US201314361457 A US 201314361457A US 2014331478 A1 US2014331478 A1 US 2014331478A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
connecting element
workpiece
coating
layers
layer
Prior art date
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US14/361,457
Inventor
Andreas Dannheisig
Jesus Galan
Bernd Gross
Axel Koever
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Johnson Controls GmbH
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Johnson Controls GmbH
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Publication date
Application filed by Johnson Controls GmbH filed Critical Johnson Controls GmbH
Assigned to JOHNSON CONTROLS GMBH reassignment JOHNSON CONTROLS GMBH ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: DANNHEISIG, ANDREAS, GALAN, JESUS, GROSS, BERND, KOEVER, AXEL
Publication of US20140331478A1 publication Critical patent/US20140331478A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J15/00—Riveting
    • B21J15/02—Riveting procedures
    • B21J15/04—Riveting hollow rivets mechanically
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J15/00—Riveting
    • B21J15/02—Riveting procedures
    • B21J15/025—Setting self-piercing rivets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J15/00—Riveting
    • B21J15/02—Riveting procedures
    • B21J15/08—Riveting by applying heat, e.g. to the end parts of the rivets to enable heads to be formed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J15/00—Riveting
    • B21J15/10—Riveting machines
    • B21J15/14—Riveting machines specially adapted for riveting specific articles, e.g. brake lining machines
    • B21J15/147—Composite articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J15/00—Riveting
    • B21J15/38—Accessories for use in connection with riveting, e.g. pliers for upsetting; Hand tools for riveting
    • B21J15/48—Devices for caulking rivets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B29C65/24—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools characterised by the means for heating the tool
    • B29C65/30—Electrical means
    • B29C65/32—Induction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/562—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using extra joining elements, i.e. which are not integral with the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/564—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using extra joining elements, i.e. which are not integral with the parts to be joined hidden in the joint, e.g. dowels or Z-pins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/60—Riveting or staking
    • B29C65/601—Riveting or staking using extra riveting elements, i.e. the rivets being non-integral with the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/602—Riveting or staking using extra riveting elements, i.e. the rivets being non-integral with the parts to be joined using hollow rivets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/60—Riveting or staking
    • B29C65/601—Riveting or staking using extra riveting elements, i.e. the rivets being non-integral with the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/603—Riveting or staking using extra riveting elements, i.e. the rivets being non-integral with the parts to be joined the rivets being pushed in blind holes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/64—Joining a non-plastics element to a plastics element, e.g. by force
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/74—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area
    • B29C65/743—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using the same tool for both joining and severing, said tool being monobloc or formed by several parts mounted together and forming a monobloc
    • B29C65/7437—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using the same tool for both joining and severing, said tool being monobloc or formed by several parts mounted together and forming a monobloc the tool being a perforating tool
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/21—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being formed by a single dot or dash or by several dots or dashes, i.e. spot joining or spot welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/74—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
    • B29C66/742—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to metals or their alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81427—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single ridge, e.g. for making a weakening line; comprising a single tooth
    • B29C66/81429—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single ridge, e.g. for making a weakening line; comprising a single tooth comprising a single tooth
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81431—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single cavity, e.g. a groove
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B11/00—Connecting constructional elements or machine parts by sticking or pressing them together, e.g. cold pressure welding
    • F16B11/006—Connecting constructional elements or machine parts by sticking or pressing them together, e.g. cold pressure welding by gluing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
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    • F16B19/08—Hollow rivets; Multi-part rivets
    • F16B19/086—Self-piercing rivets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B5/00—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
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    • B29C66/742—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to metals or their alloys
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81411—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat
    • B29C66/81421—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave
    • B29C66/81422—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave being convex
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81411—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat
    • B29C66/81421—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave
    • B29C66/81423—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave being concave
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9141—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
    • B29C66/91421—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature of the joining tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9141—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
    • B29C66/91431—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature the temperature being kept constant over time
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49947—Assembling or joining by applying separate fastener
    • Y10T29/49954—Fastener deformed after application
    • Y10T29/49956—Riveting
    • Y10T29/49957—At least one part nonmetallic
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/53—Means to assemble or disassemble
    • Y10T29/53709—Overedge assembling means
    • Y10T29/5377—Riveter

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for joining at least two workpiece layers by introducing a connecting element having a coating which is applied to the outside of the connecting element, wherein the connecting element is introduced by means of a joining device at a joint and interconnects the at least two workpiece layers, in that by means of a stamp, the connecting element, from the direction of the first workpiece layer and under exertion of a stamping force, and while forming a cutting face in the first workpiece layer ( 1 ) or passing beside a cutting face of the first workpiece layer ( 1 ), is guided through, in particular punched through, at least the first workpiece layer and penetrates, at least in part, the second workpiece layer, and the connecting element, by means of a die plate bearing on the second workpiece layer, is deformed under exertion of the stamping force onto the connecting element, such that said connecting element, in a form-fitting manner, interconnects the at least two workpiece layers.
  • the invention furthermore relates to a connecting element and a joining device.
  • the method of punch-riveting for example, is generally known in the context of joining at least two workpiece layers.
  • This method serves for the unreleasable force-fitting and form-fitting joining of the workpiece layers, using special punch rivets as connecting elements with which the workpiece layers, without pre-drilling, are punched through and joined in a combined punching and deforming operation.
  • the punch rivet serves as single-use cutting stamp and is itself also deformed in this case.
  • the workpiece layers are initially positioned by means of a hold-down device over a die plate. Subsequently, the punch rivet, via a stamp, is impinged upon with a force and pressed into the join parts.
  • the rivet shank in the process, cuts through at least the uppermost workpiece layers and is then spread in the die plate.
  • the fibers are cut through by the punch rivet, and delamination of fibers and the matrix material may arise in the peripheral zone of the cutting face. This may lead to fractures in the workpiece and a complete failure of the connection patch.
  • DE 10 2005 031 917 A1 discloses a joining method of the generic type for joining at least two sheet-like workpieces made of like materials or of different materials, in which method a punch-rivet connection is combined with an adhesive connection.
  • an adhesive which additionally adhesively bonds the workpiece layers to one another, is introduced into the joining zone between the workpiece layers.
  • the adhesive flows radially outward from the joining zone, but does not reach the cutting faces and does not act against delamination.
  • US 2010/0088880 A1 discloses a connecting element which, within the rivet shank, has an adhesive which is pressed through passages of the rivet shank to the outer surface of the rivet shank only after the joining process has commenced, specifically during the punching operation. Prior to commencing the joining method, the connecting element is not coated on the outside.
  • the invention is based on the object of improving a joining method of the type mentioned at the outset, in particular with a view to largely or completely avoiding delamination in the region of the cutting faces of fiber-reinforced workpiece layers. Furthermore, a connecting element and a joining device for the implementation of the method according to the invention are to be provided.
  • the connecting element being heated to such an extent that a coating of the connecting element melts and wets, in particularly completely seals, the cutting face in the first workpiece layer, and of the re-solidified coating, after a cooling process, adhering to the cutting face of the first workpiece layer, the cutting face is, in particular, completely sealed by the coating, and thereby delamination is prevented in the case of workpiece layers made of fiber-reinforced plastic.
  • One or more of the workpiece layers may be prepunched, such that a cutting face which has been created by prepunching is covered by means of the coating.
  • the cutting face may also be produced during the method according to the invention by the connecting element itself.
  • Through-punching connecting elements are particularly suitable for this purpose.
  • a through-punching connecting element is meant to be understood to be a connecting element which, during the joining operation, can punch through one or more workpiece layers, for example a punch rivet.
  • a through-punching connecting element may also be guided through a prepunch which has been previously introduced into one or more workpiece layers without any problems, such that the connecting element itself does not punch a hole into the workpiece layers but substantially serves only for the connection of the workpiece layers.
  • at least one of the at least two workpiece layers, in particular the first workpiece layer, in the region of the joint is a continuously closed surface without a prepunch. In this manner, the investment in processing is reduced.
  • Punch rivets in particular semi-hollow punch rivets, are particularly suitable as through-punching connecting elements.
  • the lowermost workpiece layer (thus the second workpiece layer in the case of two workpiece layers) is preferably not or not completely punched through by the punch rivet, such that a tight joint is created.
  • the generic term “through-punching connecting element” is also meant to include known connecting elements which do not completely punch through all workpiece layers, but one workpiece layer, in particular the second of two workpiece layers, is not punched through or only partially punched through.
  • the method is advantageous also when solid punch rivets are used, in particular in the case where all workpiece layers are completely punched through.
  • connecting element having a through hole or a tapped hole
  • further functions may be integrated in the joint or linked to the joint.
  • the method is particularly advantageous for producing composites, of which the first workpiece layer is composed of a fiber-reinforced plastic and of which the second workpiece layer is composed of a metallic material, in particular a ferrous alloy, an aluminum alloy, or a magnesium alloy.
  • the coating of the connecting element preferably has an adhesive or a plastic, in particular a polymer material.
  • an adhesive or a plastic in particular a polymer material.
  • Joining devices which comprise a die plate, a hold-down device and a stamp as tool elements, of which at least one tool element is heatable, are particularly suitable.
  • the stamp is heatable.
  • the joining device comprises a temperature-control device by means of which the temperature of the tool element, in particular of the stamp, can be adjusted and maintained at a constant level.
  • FIG. 1 is a view of two workpiece layers positioned between the hold-down device and the die plate, prior to the punch rivet being introduced;
  • FIG. 2 is a view showing the joint immediately after the punch rivet has been introduced into the joint
  • FIG. 3 is a view showing the subsequent heating of the punch rivet and melting of the rivet coating
  • FIG. 4 is a view showing the subsequent cooling of the joint with the coating adhering to the cutting faces.
  • FIG. 5 is a view showing the completed joint immediately prior to the removal from the joining device.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first workpiece layer 1 , and a second material layer 2 that is to be joined with the former, which layers have both been introduced into and been positioned in a joining device.
  • the joining device which is known per se, comprises a die plate 21 , a hold-down device 24 , and a stamp 26 .
  • the first workpiece layer 1 is composed of a fiber-reinforced material, in the matrix 1 a of which a multiplicity of fibers 1 b have been introduced for the purpose of reinforcing the matrix material 1 a.
  • the present fiber-reinforced material is a glass-fiber-reinforced plastic or carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic having oriented long fibers.
  • the present second material layer 2 is composed of a metallic material, in particular of a ferrous alloy, an aluminum alloy, or a magnesium alloy.
  • other known non-fiber-reinforced or fiber-reinforced materials to be employed for the second workpiece layer 2 .
  • the second material layer 2 bears on the die plate 21 .
  • the first material layer 1 bears in a two-dimensional manner on the second material layer 2 .
  • the hold-down device 24 By means of the hold-down device 24 , the two material layers 1 , 2 are fixed in relation to one another in the joining device.
  • a connecting element in the form of a punch rivet 10 is positioned above the joint in the joining device.
  • the punch rivet 10 is implemented as a semi-hollow punch rivet but, in a modified embodiment, could also be a solid rivet.
  • the punch rivet 1 comprises a rivet head 11 and a rivet shank 12 .
  • the rivet shank 12 is provided with a coating 15 which is preferably composed of a polymer which is applied as an adhesive or a plastic to the rivet shank 12 .
  • the joint is illustrated immediately after the combined punching and deforming operation in which the punch rivet 10 which, by means of the stamp 26 , is impinged upon by a force is punched through the first workpiece layer 1 and is introduced into the second workpiece layer 2 .
  • the punch rivet 10 here serves as a single-use cutting stamp and, in this case, is also itself deformed in that it is spread on a molding in the die plate 21 by way of the counterforce which is applied by the die plate 21 . In the present case, this takes place, in particular, without completely piercing the second workpiece layer 2 .
  • an encircling, cylindrical cutting face is created in the first workpiece layer 1 .
  • the matrix material of the matrix 1 a and the fibers 1 b have been cut through.
  • the fiber ends of the fibers 1 b lie open and are not covered and protected by matrix material of the matrix 1 a.
  • delamination of fibers 1 b and matrix material 1 a arises in the cutting face.
  • the first workpiece layer 1 is prepunched already prior to commencing the method according to the invention, such that the cutting face in the first workpiece layer is not or only in part produced by the punch rivet 10 .
  • the joint is heated by the stamp 26 in that the stamp 26 is heatable and is heated, in particular by electric power or induction.
  • the die plate 21 and/or the hold-down device 24 may also be heatable.
  • the coating 15 of the rivet shank 12 of the punch rivet 10 melts and wets the cutting face in the first workpiece layer 1 , such that the coating in particular completely seals the cutting face.
  • the joint is cooled in that the heat supply to the stamp 26 is switched off and, in particular, active cooling additionally takes place.
  • the stamp 26 is already remote from the joint.
  • the coating 15 now solidifies on the cutting face of the first workpiece layer 1 and thus covers the fiber ends of the fibers 1 b which, on account thereof, are protected against delamination.
  • the workpiece layers 1 and 2 which are joined together, are removed from the joining device ( FIG. 5 ).

Abstract

A method for joining at least two workpiece layers (1, 2) by introducing a connecting element (10) with a coating (15) applied externally to the connecting element (10), where the connecting element (10) is guided, in particular punched, through the first workpiece layer (1) by a ram (26), forming a cut surface (1), and penetrates at least partially into the second workpiece layer and is deformed by a die (21) such that it connects the at least two workpiece layers (1, 2) together in a form-fitting manner. The connecting element (10) is heated such that the coating (15) applied externally to the connecting element (10) melts and wets, in particular completely closes, the cut surface in the first workpiece layer (1); after a cooling process, the re-solidified coating (15) adheres to the cut surface of the first workpiece layer (1).

Description

    CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
  • This application is a United States National Phase application of International Application PCT/EP2013/055430 filed Mar. 15, 2013 and claims the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. §119 of German patent application DE 10 2012 006 631.7 filed Mar. 31, 2012 and German patent application DE 10 2012 008 798.5 filed Apr. 19, 2012, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
    • FIELD OF THE INVENTION
  • The invention relates to a method for joining at least two workpiece layers by introducing a connecting element having a coating which is applied to the outside of the connecting element, wherein the connecting element is introduced by means of a joining device at a joint and interconnects the at least two workpiece layers, in that by means of a stamp, the connecting element, from the direction of the first workpiece layer and under exertion of a stamping force, and while forming a cutting face in the first workpiece layer (1) or passing beside a cutting face of the first workpiece layer (1), is guided through, in particular punched through, at least the first workpiece layer and penetrates, at least in part, the second workpiece layer, and the connecting element, by means of a die plate bearing on the second workpiece layer, is deformed under exertion of the stamping force onto the connecting element, such that said connecting element, in a form-fitting manner, interconnects the at least two workpiece layers.
  • The invention furthermore relates to a connecting element and a joining device.
    • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • The method of punch-riveting, for example, is generally known in the context of joining at least two workpiece layers. This method serves for the unreleasable force-fitting and form-fitting joining of the workpiece layers, using special punch rivets as connecting elements with which the workpiece layers, without pre-drilling, are punched through and joined in a combined punching and deforming operation. Here, the punch rivet serves as single-use cutting stamp and is itself also deformed in this case. The workpiece layers are initially positioned by means of a hold-down device over a die plate. Subsequently, the punch rivet, via a stamp, is impinged upon with a force and pressed into the join parts. Depending on the riveting method, the rivet shank, in the process, cuts through at least the uppermost workpiece layers and is then spread in the die plate. When using a hollow rivet, this takes place, in particular, without fully piercing the lowermost workpiece layer. In the case of punch-riveting of fiber-reinforced materials, such as, for example, glass-fiber-reinforced plastics or carbon-fiber-reinforced plastics, the fibers are cut through by the punch rivet, and delamination of fibers and the matrix material may arise in the peripheral zone of the cutting face. This may lead to fractures in the workpiece and a complete failure of the connection patch.
  • DE 10 2005 031 917 A1 discloses a joining method of the generic type for joining at least two sheet-like workpieces made of like materials or of different materials, in which method a punch-rivet connection is combined with an adhesive connection. Prior to the actual joining operation, an adhesive, which additionally adhesively bonds the workpiece layers to one another, is introduced into the joining zone between the workpiece layers. During the actual punch-riveting process, the adhesive flows radially outward from the joining zone, but does not reach the cutting faces and does not act against delamination.
  • US 2010/0088880 A1 discloses a connecting element which, within the rivet shank, has an adhesive which is pressed through passages of the rivet shank to the outer surface of the rivet shank only after the joining process has commenced, specifically during the punching operation. Prior to commencing the joining method, the connecting element is not coated on the outside.
    • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • The invention is based on the object of improving a joining method of the type mentioned at the outset, in particular with a view to largely or completely avoiding delamination in the region of the cutting faces of fiber-reinforced workpiece layers. Furthermore, a connecting element and a joining device for the implementation of the method according to the invention are to be provided.
  • This object is achieved according to the invention with a method having the method steps of the present invention, and a connecting element of the present invention, and a joining device of the present invention. Advantageous embodiments, which may be employed individually or in combination with one another, are the subject matter of the present invention.
  • On account of the connecting element being heated to such an extent that a coating of the connecting element melts and wets, in particularly completely seals, the cutting face in the first workpiece layer, and of the re-solidified coating, after a cooling process, adhering to the cutting face of the first workpiece layer, the cutting face is, in particular, completely sealed by the coating, and thereby delamination is prevented in the case of workpiece layers made of fiber-reinforced plastic.
  • One or more of the workpiece layers may be prepunched, such that a cutting face which has been created by prepunching is covered by means of the coating. However, the cutting face may also be produced during the method according to the invention by the connecting element itself. Through-punching connecting elements are particularly suitable for this purpose.
  • A through-punching connecting element is meant to be understood to be a connecting element which, during the joining operation, can punch through one or more workpiece layers, for example a punch rivet. However, a through-punching connecting element may also be guided through a prepunch which has been previously introduced into one or more workpiece layers without any problems, such that the connecting element itself does not punch a hole into the workpiece layers but substantially serves only for the connection of the workpiece layers. Advantageously, prior to commencing the method, at least one of the at least two workpiece layers, in particular the first workpiece layer, in the region of the joint, is a continuously closed surface without a prepunch. In this manner, the investment in processing is reduced.
  • Punch rivets, in particular semi-hollow punch rivets, are particularly suitable as through-punching connecting elements. The lowermost workpiece layer (thus the second workpiece layer in the case of two workpiece layers) is preferably not or not completely punched through by the punch rivet, such that a tight joint is created. Consequently, the generic term “through-punching connecting element” is also meant to include known connecting elements which do not completely punch through all workpiece layers, but one workpiece layer, in particular the second of two workpiece layers, is not punched through or only partially punched through. The method is advantageous also when solid punch rivets are used, in particular in the case where all workpiece layers are completely punched through.
  • By the connecting element having a through hole or a tapped hole, further functions may be integrated in the joint or linked to the joint.
  • The method is particularly advantageous for producing composites, of which the first workpiece layer is composed of a fiber-reinforced plastic and of which the second workpiece layer is composed of a metallic material, in particular a ferrous alloy, an aluminum alloy, or a magnesium alloy.
  • The coating of the connecting element preferably has an adhesive or a plastic, in particular a polymer material. For punch rivets, it is sufficient for their rivet shank to be coated.
  • Depending on the geometry and the material of the workpiece layers to be joined, it may be advantageous to preheat one or all workpiece layers, or the punch rivet, or the joining device, in an upstream method step.
  • Joining devices which comprise a die plate, a hold-down device and a stamp as tool elements, of which at least one tool element is heatable, are particularly suitable. Preferably, the stamp is heatable.
  • Thermal damage to the workpiece layers by way of excessive temperatures is avoided in that the joining device comprises a temperature-control device by means of which the temperature of the tool element, in particular of the stamp, can be adjusted and maintained at a constant level.
  • The present invention will be explained in more detail below on the basis of drawings, which show exemplary embodiments only. The various features of novelty which characterize the invention are pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed to and forming a part of this disclosure. For a better understanding of the invention, its operating advantages and specific objects attained by its uses, reference is made to the accompanying drawings and descriptive matter in which preferred embodiments of the invention are illustrated.
    • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • In the drawings:
  • FIG. 1 is a view of two workpiece layers positioned between the hold-down device and the die plate, prior to the punch rivet being introduced;
  • FIG. 2 is a view showing the joint immediately after the punch rivet has been introduced into the joint;
  • FIG. 3 is a view showing the subsequent heating of the punch rivet and melting of the rivet coating;
  • FIG. 4 is a view showing the subsequent cooling of the joint with the coating adhering to the cutting faces; and
  • FIG. 5 is a view showing the completed joint immediately prior to the removal from the joining device.
    •  DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
  • FIG. 1 shows a first workpiece layer 1, and a second material layer 2 that is to be joined with the former, which layers have both been introduced into and been positioned in a joining device. The joining device, which is known per se, comprises a die plate 21, a hold-down device 24, and a stamp 26.
  • The first workpiece layer 1 is composed of a fiber-reinforced material, in the matrix 1 a of which a multiplicity of fibers 1 b have been introduced for the purpose of reinforcing the matrix material 1 a. The present fiber-reinforced material is a glass-fiber-reinforced plastic or carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic having oriented long fibers. However, in principle, it is possible for all known fiber-reinforced materials to be employed for the first workpiece layer 1. The present second material layer 2 is composed of a metallic material, in particular of a ferrous alloy, an aluminum alloy, or a magnesium alloy. However, in principle, it is also possible for other known non-fiber-reinforced or fiber-reinforced materials to be employed for the second workpiece layer 2.
  • The second material layer 2 bears on the die plate 21. The first material layer 1 bears in a two-dimensional manner on the second material layer 2. By means of the hold-down device 24, the two material layers 1, 2 are fixed in relation to one another in the joining device.
  • A connecting element in the form of a punch rivet 10 is positioned above the joint in the joining device. The punch rivet 10 is implemented as a semi-hollow punch rivet but, in a modified embodiment, could also be a solid rivet. The punch rivet 1 comprises a rivet head 11 and a rivet shank 12. The rivet shank 12 is provided with a coating 15 which is preferably composed of a polymer which is applied as an adhesive or a plastic to the rivet shank 12.
  • In FIG. 2, the joint is illustrated immediately after the combined punching and deforming operation in which the punch rivet 10 which, by means of the stamp 26, is impinged upon by a force is punched through the first workpiece layer 1 and is introduced into the second workpiece layer 2. The punch rivet 10 here serves as a single-use cutting stamp and, in this case, is also itself deformed in that it is spread on a molding in the die plate 21 by way of the counterforce which is applied by the die plate 21. In the present case, this takes place, in particular, without completely piercing the second workpiece layer 2. On account of the through-punching, an encircling, cylindrical cutting face is created in the first workpiece layer 1. In the region of the cutting face, the matrix material of the matrix 1 a and the fibers 1 b have been cut through. In the peripheral zone of the cutting face, the fiber ends of the fibers 1 b lie open and are not covered and protected by matrix material of the matrix 1 a. On account thereof, delamination of fibers 1 b and matrix material 1 a arises in the cutting face.
  • In a variant of the exemplary embodiment, the first workpiece layer 1 is prepunched already prior to commencing the method according to the invention, such that the cutting face in the first workpiece layer is not or only in part produced by the punch rivet 10.
  • In a next method step, which is shown in FIG. 3, the joint is heated by the stamp 26 in that the stamp 26 is heatable and is heated, in particular by electric power or induction. In an alternative joining device, the die plate 21 and/or the hold-down device 24 may also be heatable. On account of the introduced heat, the coating 15 of the rivet shank 12 of the punch rivet 10 melts and wets the cutting face in the first workpiece layer 1, such that the coating in particular completely seals the cutting face.
  • In a subsequent step, which is shown in FIG. 4, the joint is cooled in that the heat supply to the stamp 26 is switched off and, in particular, active cooling additionally takes place. To this end, the stamp 26 is already remote from the joint. The coating 15 now solidifies on the cutting face of the first workpiece layer 1 and thus covers the fiber ends of the fibers 1 b which, on account thereof, are protected against delamination.
  • In a last method step, the workpiece layers 1 and 2, which are joined together, are removed from the joining device (FIG. 5).
  • While specific embodiments of the invention have been shown and described in detail to illustrate the application of the principles of the invention, it will be understood that the invention may be embodied otherwise without departing from such principles.

Claims (17)

1. A method for joining at least two workpiece layers, the method comprising:
providing a connecting element having a coating which is applied to the outside of the connecting element, wherein the connecting element is introduced into the workpiece layers by means of a joining device at a joint;
by means of a stamp, guiding the connecting element, from a direction of a first workpiece layer and under exertion of a stamping force, and while forming a cutting face in the first workpiece layer or passing beside a cutting face of the first workpiece layer, through at least the first workpiece layer and the connecting element penetrating, at least in part, the second workpiece layer, wherein the connecting element, by means of a die plate bearing on the second workpiece layer, is deformed under exertion of the stamping force onto the connecting element, such that said connecting element, in a form-fitting manner, interconnects the at least two workpiece layers;
heating the connecting element, during the process, to such an extent that the coating melts and wets the cutting face in the first workpiece layer, wherein the coating re-solidifies after a cooling process to form a re-solidified coating, said re-solidified coating adhering to the cutting face of the first workpiece layer.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the connecting element is heated to such an extent that the coating melts and completely seals the cutting face in the first workpiece layer.
3. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein, prior to commencing the method, at least one of the at least two workpiece layers, in a region of the joint, has a continuously closed surface without a prepunch.
4. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the connecting element is a through-punching connecting element, said connecting element being punched through at least the first workpiece layer.
5. A method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the through-punching connecting element is a punch rivet.
6. A method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the through-punching connecting element is a semi-hollow punch rivet or a solid punch rivet.
7. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the connecting element has a through hole or a tapped hole.
8. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one of the at least two workpiece layers is composed of fiber-reinforced plastic.
9. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one of the at least two workpiece layers is composed of a metallic material.
10. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the coating comprises an adhesive or a plastic.
11. A method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the coating is composed of a thermoplastic.
12. A connecting element comprising a coating for use in a method as claimed in claim 1.
13. A joining device for use in a method as claimed in claim 1, the joining device comprising:
a die plate;
a hold-down device; and
a stamp, said die plate, said hold-down device and said stamp defining tool elements, at least one of said tool elements being heatable.
14. A joining device as claimed in claim 13, wherein the stamp is heatable.
15. A joining device as claimed in claim 13, wherein the joining device comprises a temperature-control device by means of which a temperature of the at least one of said tool elements can be adjusted and maintained at a constant level.
16. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one of the at least two workpiece layers is composed of a ferrous alloy, an aluminum alloy, or a magnesium alloy.
17. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the coating comprises a polymer material.
US14/361,457 2012-03-31 2013-03-15 Method for joining workpiece layers and connecting element and joining device Abandoned US20140331478A1 (en)

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EP2830790A1 (en) 2015-02-04
EP2830790B1 (en) 2018-06-13
WO2013143887A1 (en) 2013-10-03
CN104023869B (en) 2016-07-13
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KR20140102299A (en) 2014-08-21
JP2014533203A (en) 2014-12-11

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