US20150176453A1 - Urea solution injection device - Google Patents
Urea solution injection device Download PDFInfo
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- US20150176453A1 US20150176453A1 US14/409,277 US201314409277A US2015176453A1 US 20150176453 A1 US20150176453 A1 US 20150176453A1 US 201314409277 A US201314409277 A US 201314409277A US 2015176453 A1 US2015176453 A1 US 2015176453A1
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- urea solution
- rotation speed
- control device
- load
- discharge amount
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
- F01N3/208—Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. dosing of reducing agent
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/206—Adding periodically or continuously substances to exhaust gases for promoting purification, e.g. catalytic material in liquid form, NOx reducing agents
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2896—Liquid catalyst carrier
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- F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N9/005—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus using models instead of sensors to determine operating characteristics of exhaust systems, e.g. calculating catalyst temperature instead of measuring it directly
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/20—Reductants
- B01D2251/206—Ammonium compounds
- B01D2251/2062—Ammonia
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- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
- B01D53/9418—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by selective catalytic reduction [SCR] using a reducing agent in a lean exhaust gas
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- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
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- B01D53/9495—Controlling the catalytic process
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- F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
- F01N2610/1453—Sprayers or atomisers; Arrangement thereof in the exhaust apparatus
- F01N2610/146—Control thereof, e.g. control of injectors or injection valves
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- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an exhaust purification apparatus. Especially, the present invention relates to a urea solution injection device for a ship.
- an exhaust purification apparatus in which a selective reducing type NOx catalyst (SCR catalyst) is arranged inside an exhaust pipe and NOx (nitrogen oxide) is reduced into nitrogen and water with ammonia as a reducing agent for decreasing the NOx in exhaust gas discharged from an internal combustion engine.
- SCR catalyst selective reducing type NOx catalyst
- a urea solution is supplied from a urea solution injection nozzle arranged inside an exhaust pipe to exhaust gas, and ammonia is generated from the urea solution by heat of the exhaust gas so as to reduce NOx into nitrogen and water.
- Patent Literature 1 the Japanese Patent Laid Open Gazette 2008-157136
- the present invention is provided in consideration of the problems as mentioned above, and the purpose of the invention is to provide an exhaust purification apparatus which can add a urea solution of a suitable amount without measuring directly a NOx discharge amount with a NOx measurement means.
- an urea solution injection device of an exhaust purification device in which an urea solution is added as a reducing agent to exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine so as to reduce nitrogen oxide in the exhaust gas includes a temperature sensor detecting a temperature of atmosphere, a humidity sensor detecting an absolute humidity or a relative humidity of the atmosphere, and a control device calculating an addition amount of the urea solution.
- a map which converts an actual NOx discharge amount of the internal combustion engine driven with each rotation speed and each load under predetermined temperature and absolute humidity of the atmosphere into the standard NOx discharge amount of the internal combustion engine with each rotation speed and each load under standard conditions with a correction formula is stored in the control device.
- a rotation speed detection means detecting the rotation speed of the internal combustion engine and a load detection means detecting the load of the internal combustion engine are connected to the control device.
- the standard NOx discharge amount corresponding to the rotation speed detected by the rotation speed detection means and the load detected by the load detection means is calculated with the map, the standard NOx discharge amount is converted into the actual NOx discharge amount of the rotation speed and the load under the temperature of the atmosphere detected by the temperature sensor and the absolute humidity of the atmosphere detected by the humidity sensor with the correction formula by inverse operation, and the addition amount of the urea solution is calculated based on the actual NOx discharge amount.
- the addition amount is calculated in consideration of a target purification rate and a concentration of the urea solution.
- the present invention brings the following effects.
- the NOx discharge amount based on the characteristic of the internal combustion engine can be calculated while considering the temperature of the atmosphere and the absolute humidity of the atmosphere which influence the NOx discharge amount greatly. Accordingly, the urea solution of the suitable amount can be added without measuring directly the NOx discharge amount with a NOx sensor.
- the addition amount of the urea solution can be adjusted corresponding to the operating condition. Accordingly, the urea solution or ammonia of the suitable amount can be added without measuring directly the NOx discharge amount with a NOx sensor.
- FIG. 1 is a drawing of an exhaust purification apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a drawing partially in section of a urea solution injection nozzle of the exhaust purification apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a flow chart of control processes of an addition amount of a urea solution according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a graph of a relation between an actual NOx discharge amount and the addition amount of the urea solution.
- an “upstream side” means an upstream side in a flow direction of fluid
- a “downstream side” means a downstream side in the flow direction of the fluid.
- the exhaust apparatus is not limited to this embodiment and may alternatively be an air-less type apparatus which does not use pressurized air.
- the exhaust purification apparatus 1 purifies exhaust gas discharged from an engine 20 .
- the exhaust purification apparatus 1 is provided in an exhaust pipe 21 of the engine 20 .
- the exhaust purification apparatus 1 has a urea solution injection nozzle 2 , a pressurized air supply pump (compressor) 6 , a pressurized air valve 8 , a urea solution supply pump 9 , a switching valve 11 , a control device 14 , a temperature sensor 12 , a humidity sensor 13 , a first supply flow path 15 , a second supply flow path 16 , a NOx catalyst 19 and the like.
- the urea solution injection nozzle 2 supplies a urea solution to an inside of the exhaust pipe 21 .
- the urea solution injection nozzle 2 includes a tubular member, and one of sides (lower side) thereof is inserted into the inside of the exhaust pipe 21 from the outside.
- the urea solution injection nozzle 2 has a double pipe 3 , a liquid nozzle 4 , an air nozzle 5 and the like (see FIG. 2 ).
- the pressurized air supply pump (compressor) 6 supplies pressurized air.
- the pressurized air supply pump 6 pressurizes (compresses) air and supplies the air.
- the pressurized air supply pump 6 supplies the air to an air tank 7 when a pressure of the air tank 7 becomes lower than a predetermined pressure, and stops when the pressure of the air tank 7 reaches the predetermined pressure.
- the pressurized air supply pump 6 is not limited and may be a member which can maintain the pressure of the air tank 7 .
- the pressurized air valve 8 opens and closes a flow path of the pressurized air.
- the pressurized air valve 8 is provided in the second supply flow path 16 .
- the pressurized air valve 8 includes an electromagnetic valve and a solenoid thereof is connected to the control device 14 .
- the pressurized air valve 8 can be switched to a position V and a position W by sliding a spool.
- the second supply flow path 16 is closed.
- the pressurized air is not supplied to the urea solution injection nozzle 2 .
- the pressurized air valve 8 is at the position W, the second supply flow path 16 is opened.
- the pressurized air is supplied to the urea solution injection nozzle 2 .
- the pressurized air valve 8 is not limited thereto and may alternatively be held at the position V or the position W by a driving motor or the like.
- the urea solution supply pump 9 supplies a urea solution.
- the urea solution supply pump 9 is provided in the first supply flow path 15 .
- the urea solution supply pump 9 supplies the urea solution in a urea solution tank 10 via the first supply flow path 15 to the urea solution injection nozzle 2 at a predetermined flow rate.
- the urea solution supply pump 9 is not limited and may be a member which can supply the urea solution at the predetermined flow rate.
- the switching valve 11 switches a flow path of the urea solution.
- the switching valve 11 is provided at the downstream side of the urea solution supply pump 9 in the first supply flow path 15 .
- a drain pot 17 is connected via a flow path 15 a to the switching valve 11 .
- the switching valve 11 includes an electromagnetic valve and a solenoid thereof is connected to the control device 14 .
- the switching valve 11 can be switched to a position X and a position Y by sliding a spool.
- the switching valve 11 When the switching valve 11 is at the position X, the first supply flow path 15 is closed and the urea solution injection nozzle 2 is communicated with the drain pot 17 . Then, the urea solution is not supplied to the urea solution injection nozzle 2 , and the urea solution in the first supply flow path 15 and the urea solution injection nozzle 2 at the downstream side of the switching valve 11 is discharged to the drain pot 17 .
- the switching valve 11 When the switching valve 11 is at the position Y, the first supply flow path 15 is opened. Then, the urea solution is supplied to the urea solution injection nozzle 2 .
- the temperature sensor 12 detects a temperature T of the atmosphere.
- the temperature sensor 12 is arranged at a position such as an engine room of a ship at which the temperature T of the atmosphere sucked by the engine 20 can be detected. This embodiment is not limited thereto, and any means is available if it can detect the temperature T of the atmosphere and transmit a detection signal of the temperature to the control device 14 .
- the humidity sensor 13 detects an absolute humidity H of the atmosphere.
- the humidity sensor 13 is arranged at a position such as the engine room of the ship at which the absolute humidity H of the atmosphere sucked by the engine 20 can be detected.
- This embodiment is not limited thereto, and any means is available if it can detect the absolute humidity H and transmit a detection signal of the absolute humidity to the control device 14 .
- it may alternatively be configured that a relative humidity is detected and a detection signal thereof is transmitted to the control device 14 so as to calculate the absolute humidity H based on the temperature T of the atmosphere.
- the control device 14 controls the urea solution supply pump 9 , the switching valve 11 , the pressurized air valve 8 and the like.
- Various programs and data for controlling the urea solution supply pump 9 , the switching valve 11 , the pressurized air valve 8 and the like are stored in the control device 14 .
- the control device 14 may be configured by connecting a CPU, a ROM, a RAM, a HDD and the like by a bus, or may alternatively be configured by a one-chip LSI or the like.
- the control device 14 may be configured integrally with an ECU 22 which controls the engine 20 .
- a map M is stored in the control device 14 .
- the map M converts an actual NOx discharge amount, which is an amount of NOx included in exhaust gas of the engine 20 driven with each rotation speed and each load under predetermined temperature and absolute humidity of the atmosphere, into a standard NOx discharge amount Ns, which is an amount of NOx with each rotation speed and each load under standard conditions (for example, 10.71 g/kg 25° C.), with a correction formula F which is known or a measured formula.
- the actual NOx discharge amount of the engine 20 with optional rotation speed and load under the predetermined temperature and absolute humidity of the atmosphere is measured under each driving condition.
- the actual NOx discharge amount is converted into the standard NOx discharge amount Ns under the standard conditions with the correction formula F based on temperature and absolute humidity of the atmosphere at the time of the measurement.
- the map M of the standard NOx discharge amount Ns made as the above is stored.
- the correction formula F is stored in the control device 14 .
- the control device 14 is connected to the solenoid of the pressurized air valve 8 and can control opening and closing of the pressurized air valve 8 .
- the control device 14 is connected to a driving motor of the urea solution supply pump 9 and can control an operation state of the urea solution supply pump 9 . Namely, by controlling the operation state of the urea solution supply pump 9 , the control device 14 can change optionally an addition amount Q of the urea solution added to the exhaust gas.
- the control device 14 is connected to the solenoid of the switching valve 11 and can control opening and closing of the switching valve 11 .
- the control device 14 is connected to the temperature sensor 12 and can obtain a signal of the temperature T of the atmosphere detected by the temperature sensor 12 .
- the control device 14 is connected to the humidity sensor 13 and can obtain a signal of the absolute humidity H of the atmosphere detected by the humidity sensor 13 .
- a relative humidity can be detected and a detection signal thereof can be transmitted to the control device 14 so as to calculate the absolute humidity with the control device 14 using the temperature T of the atmosphere.
- the control device 14 is connected to the ECU 22 and can obtain various kinds of information about the engine 20 obtained by the ECU 22 .
- the control device 14 can obtain a rotation speed R of the engine 20 , which is detected by a rotation speed sensor 20 a of the engine 20 , via the ECU 22 .
- the control device 14 can obtain an output of a dynamo 23 , driven by the engine 20 , detected by a load sensor 23 a of the dynamo 23 as a load L of the engine 20 via the ECU 22 .
- the load L is not limited to the detection value of the load sensor 23 a and may alternatively be calculated from a rack position, a fuel injection amount or an actual rotation speed.
- the control device 14 may obtain various kinds of information about the engine 20 directly not via the ECU 22 .
- the control device 14 is connected to an input device (not shown) and can obtain a signal about a target purification rate inputted from the input device and concentration of the urea solution. Alternatively, information about the target purification rate and the concentration of the urea solution can be inputted and defined previously.
- the NOx catalyst 19 promotes deoxidization reaction of NOx.
- the NOx catalyst 19 is arranged inside the exhaust pipe 21 and at the downstream side of the urea solution injection nozzle 2 .
- the NOx catalyst 19 is configured honeycomb like and promotes reaction that ammonia generated by thermal hydrolysis of the urea solution reduces NOx included in the exhaust gas into nitrogen and water.
- the type of the urea solution injection nozzle 2 is not limited to this embodiment and an external mixing type urea solution injection nozzle may alternatively be used.
- a fluid nozzle used for an air-less type exhaust purification apparatus which does not use pressurized air may alternatively be used.
- the urea solution injection nozzle 2 has the double pipe 3 , the liquid nozzle 4 , the air nozzle 5 , and the like.
- the double pipe 3 is a main component of the urea solution injection nozzle 2 and constitutes the flow path of the urea solution and the flow path of the pressurized air.
- One of sides of the double pipe 3 is arranged inside the exhaust pipe 21 and the other side (upstream side) thereof is arranged outside the exhaust pipe 21 .
- the downstream end of the double pipe 3 is arranged upstream the NOx catalyst 19 arranged inside the exhaust pipe 21 .
- the double pipe 3 includes an outer pipe 3 b and an inner pipe 3 a arranged inside the outer pipe 3 b .
- a urea solution flow path 3 c which is a flow path of the urea solution is configured in the inner pipe 3 a .
- a gas flow path 3 d which is a flow path of the pressurized air is configured in a space between the inner pipe 3 a and the outer pipe 3 b .
- a connection part (not shown) which can be connected watertightly to the exhaust pipe 21 is configured.
- a female screw part 3 e and a male screw part 3 f are formed respectively.
- a urea solution supply port 3 g communicated with the urea solution flow path 3 c and a gas supply port 3 h communicated with the gas flow path 3 d are configured.
- the liquid nozzle 4 injects the urea solution.
- the liquid nozzle 4 is formed by a substantially cylindrical member and arranged downstream the double pipe 3 .
- One of ends (downstream end) of the liquid nozzle 4 is formed conically around the axis.
- a projection part 4 a which is substantially cylindrical is formed so as to be projected axially.
- a male screw part 4 b is formed so as to be projected axially.
- a urea solution flow path 4 c is formed so as to penetrate axially the whole liquid nozzle 4 from the male screw part 4 b to the projection part 4 a .
- a middle part of the urea solution flow path 4 c is contracted diametrically so that an inner diameter of a downstream end of the urea solution flow path 4 c is formed smaller than an inner diameter of an upstream end of the urea solution flow path 4 c.
- the male screw part 4 b of the liquid nozzle 4 is screwed to the female screw part 3 e of the double pipe 3 . Accordingly, the double pipe 3 is connected to the liquid nozzle 4 and the urea solution flow path 4 c is communicated with the urea solution flow path 3 c of the double pipe 3 . Then, the urea solution can be supplied from the urea solution flow path 3 c of the double pipe 3 to the urea solution flow path 4 c.
- the air nozzle 5 injects the urea solution which is atomized.
- the air nozzle 5 is formed by a substantially cylindrical member.
- the air nozzle 5 is arranged downstream the liquid nozzle 4 so that one of ends (upstream end) of the air nozzle 5 touches the downstream end of the double pipe 3 .
- a flange part 5 a is firmed in a side surface of an upstream end of the air nozzle 5 .
- a hole which has a substantially conical diametrical contracted part contracted diametrically from a middle part toward the other side (downstream side) is formed penetratingly from the upstream end to the downstream end.
- An inner diameter of an upstream end of the hole is formed enough for the pressurized air to pass therethrough even if a downstream end of the liquid nozzle 4 is inserted into the upstream end of the hole.
- a mixing flow path 5 c of the urea solution is formed in an axial center part of a diametrical contracted side end of the diametrical contracted part.
- an injection port 5 e which is an opening of the mixing flow path 5 c is formed.
- the air nozzle 5 is connected to the double pipe 3 by a nut 5 b .
- the downstream end of the liquid nozzle 4 is inserted into the hole of the upstream side of the air nozzle 5 (the mixing flow path 5 c ).
- a space is formed between the hole of the air nozzle 5 and the liquid nozzle 4 .
- the space is communicated as a gas flow path 5 d with the gas flow path 3 d of the double pipe 3 and the mixing flow path 5 c .
- the urea solution is supplied from the urea solution flow path 4 c of the liquid nozzle 4 to the mixing flow path 5 c
- the pressurized air is supplied from the gas flow path 5 d to the mixing flow path 5 c .
- the injection port 5 e can inject the urea solution by screwing the air nozzle 5 to the double pipe 3 .
- the urea solution injection nozzle 2 has the liquid nozzle 4 which injects the urea solution toward one of the sides (downstream side) and the air nozzle 5 , and injects the urea solution toward the NOx catalyst 19 .
- the urea solution flow path 4 c , the gas flow path 5 d , and the mixing flow path 5 c are configured by the liquid nozzle 4 and the air nozzle 5 .
- the configuration is not limited thereto and the urea solution flow path 4 c , the gas flow path 5 d , and the mixing flow path 5 c may be configured respectively.
- the air tank 7 is connected to the gas supply port 3 h of the urea solution injection nozzle 2 via the pressurized air valve 8 by the second supply flow path 16 .
- the pressurized air valve 8 is held at the position V. In this case, since the second supply flow path 16 is closed, the pressurized air is not supplied to the gas supply port 3 h of the urea solution injection nozzle 2 .
- the pressurized air valve 8 When the control device 14 energizes the solenoid of the pressurized air valve 8 , the pressurized air valve 8 is switched from the position V to the position W. In this case, since the second supply flow path 16 is opened, the pressurized air is supplied to the gas supply port 3 h of the urea solution injection nozzle 2 .
- the pressurized air valve 8 When the control device 14 stops the energization to the solenoid of the pressurized air valve 8 , the pressurized air valve 8 is switched to the position V. In this case, since the second supply flow path 16 is closed, the pressurized air is not supplied to the gas supply port 3 h of the urea solution injection nozzle 2 .
- the urea solution tank 10 is connected to the urea solution supply port 3 g of the urea solution injection nozzle 2 via the urea solution supply pump 9 and the switching valve 11 by the first supply flow path 15 .
- the switching valve 11 is held at the position X.
- the urea solution is not supplied to the urea solution supply port 3 g of the urea solution injection nozzle 2 .
- the urea solution supply port 3 g of the urea solution injection nozzle 2 is atmosphere-opened in the drain pot 17 via the flow path 15 a.
- the switching valve 11 When the control device 14 energizes the solenoid of the switching valve 11 , the switching valve 11 is switched to the position Y. In this case, since the first supply flow path 15 is opened, the urea solution is supplied to the urea solution supply port 3 g of the urea solution injection nozzle 2 . Since the communication with the drain pot 17 is cut off, the urea solution supply port 3 g of the urea solution injection nozzle 2 is not atmosphere-opened.
- the switching valve 11 When the control device 14 stops the energization to the solenoid of the switching valve 11 , the switching valve 11 is switched to the position X. In this case, since the first supply flow path 15 is closed, the urea solution is not supplied to the urea solution supply port 3 g of the urea solution injection nozzle 2 . Since the communication with the drain pot 17 is permitted, the urea solution supply port 3 g of the urea solution injection nozzle 2 is atmosphere-opened in the drain pot 17 .
- the control device 14 switches the switching valve 11 to the position Y so that the urea solution is supplied to the urea solution supply port 3 g of the urea solution injection nozzle 2 (the double pipe 3 ).
- the urea solution is injected from the projection part 4 a of the liquid nozzle 4 to the mixing flow path 5 c of the air nozzle 5 via the urea solution flow path 3 c of the double pipe 3 and the urea solution flow path 4 c of the liquid nozzle 4 .
- the control device 14 switches the pressurized air valve 8 to the position W so that the pressurized air is supplied to the gas supply port 3 h of the urea solution injection nozzle 2 (the double pipe 3 ).
- the pressurized air is injected at a predetermined pressure via the gas flow path 3 d of the double pipe 3 and the gas flow path 5 d of the air nozzle 5 to the mixing flow path 5 c of the air nozzle 5 .
- the urea solution collides with the pressurized air inside the mixing flow path 5 c of the air nozzle 5 and is atomized, and then injected via the injection port 5 e of the air nozzle 5 .
- the control device 14 switches the switching valve 11 to the position X so that the supply of the urea solution to the urea solution supply port 3 g of the urea solution injection nozzle 2 (the double pipe 3 ) is stopped. Accordingly, the urea solution supply port 3 g of the double pipe 3 is atmosphere-opened via the first supply flow path 15 and the switching valve 11 .
- the control device 14 obtains the signal of the temperature T of the atmosphere from the temperature sensor 12 and obtains the signal of the absolute humidity H of the atmosphere from the humidity sensor 13 .
- the control device 14 obtains the signal of the rotation speed R of the engine 20 from the rotation speed sensor 20 a and obtains the signal of the load L of the engine 20 from the load sensor 23 a .
- the control device 14 calculates an actual NOx discharge amount Nr based on the obtained information and controls the operation state of the urea solution supply pump 9 (see FIG. 1 ).
- control device 14 controls the operation state of the urea solution supply pump 9 with below steps.
- the control device 14 obtains the signal of the temperature T of the atmosphere from the temperature sensor 12 and obtains the signal of the absolute humidity H of the atmosphere from the humidity sensor 13 .
- the control device 14 obtains the signal of the rotation speed R of the engine 20 from the rotation speed sensor 20 a and obtains the signal of the load L of the engine 20 from the load sensor 23 a.
- the control device 14 calculates the standard NOx discharge amount Ns, which is an amount of NOx discharged from the engine 20 driven with the rotation speed R and the signal of the load L under standard conditions, from the signal of the rotation speed R and the signal of the load L of the engine 20 with the map M.
- the control device 14 calculates an actual NOx discharge amount Nr, which is an amount of NOx discharged from the engine 20 driven with the rotation speed R and the signal of the load L under the temperature T and the absolute humidity H of the atmosphere, from the standard NOx discharge amount Ns corresponding to the rotation speed R and the signal of the load L calculated at the step S 120 and the signal of the temperature T and the signal of the absolute humidity H of the atmosphere with the correction formula F by inverse operation.
- the actual NOx discharge amount Nr which is necessary to set the amount of NOx discharged from the engine 20 , which is driven with the rotation speed R and the signal of the load L under the temperature T and the absolute humidity H of the atmosphere, to the standard NOx discharge amount Ns is calculated with the correction formula F.
- the control device 14 determines the addition amount Q of the urea solution, which is necessary to reduce the actual NOx discharge amount Nr from the target purification rate and the concentration of the urea solution which are set optionally.
- the control device 14 controls the operation state of the urea solution supply pump 9 so as to supply the addition amount Q of the urea solution in the urea solution supply pump 9 to the exhaust gas. Subsequently, the control device 14 returns to the step S 110 .
- the exhaust purification apparatus 1 in which ammonia is added as a reducing agent to the exhaust gas of the engine 20 which is an internal combustion engine so as to reduce nitrogen oxide in the exhaust gas, has the temperature sensor 12 detecting a temperature T of the atmosphere, the humidity sensor 13 detecting the absolute humidity H or the relative humidity of the atmosphere, and the control device 14 calculating the addition amount of the urea solution.
- the map M which converts the actual NOx discharge amount Nr of the engine 20 driven with each rotation speed and each load under predetermined temperature and absolute humidity of the atmosphere into the standard NOx discharge amount Ns of the engine 20 with each rotation speed and each load under the standard conditions with the correction formula F is stored in the control device 14 .
- the rotation speed sensor 20 a which is a rotation speed detection means detecting the rotation speed of the engine 20 and the load sensor 23 a of the dynamo 23 which is a load detection means detecting the load of the engine 20 are connected to the control device 14 .
- the standard NOx discharge amount Ns corresponding to the rotation speed R detected by the rotation speed sensor 20 a and the load L detected by the load sensor 23 a is calculated with the map M.
- the standard NOx discharge amount Ns is converted into the actual NOx discharge amount Nr of the rotation speed R and the load L under the temperature T of the atmosphere detected by the temperature sensor 12 and the absolute humidity H of the atmosphere detected by the humidity sensor 13 with the correction formula F by inverse operation.
- the addition amount Q of the urea solution is calculated based on the actual NOx discharge amount Nr.
- the actual NOx discharge amount Nr based on the characteristic of the engine 20 can be calculated while considering the temperature T of the atmosphere and the absolute humidity H of the atmosphere which influence the NOx discharge amount greatly. Accordingly, the urea solution of the suitable amount can be added without measuring directly the actual NOx discharge amount Nr with a NOx sensor.
- the addition amount Q is calculated in consideration of the target purification rate and the concentration of the urea solution.
- the addition amount Q can be adjusted corresponding to the operating condition. Accordingly, the urea solution of the suitable amount can be added without measuring directly the actual NOx discharge amount Nr with a NOx sensor.
- the present invention can be used especially for an exhaust purification apparatus for a ship.
Abstract
The purpose of the present invention is to provide an exhaust purification device that is capable of adding an appropriate amount of urea solution without the need to directly measure the NOx emissions amount using an NOx measuring means. The exhaust purification device uses urea solution as a reducing agent for reducing nitrogen oxides within exhaust, and is provided with a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, and a control device. A map is stored in the control device, and in said map the real NOx emissions amount for each rotation speed and each load of an engine occurring at a predetermined air temperature and a predetermined absolute humidity are converted using a correction formula into a reference NOx emissions amount for each rotation speed and each load of the engine while in a standard state. Using the map, the control device calculates a reference NOx emissions amount that corresponds to the rotation speed detected by a rotation speed sensor and to the load detected by a load sensor, uses the correction formula to convert the reference NOx emissions amount into the real NOx emissions amount occurring at an air temperature and an absolute humidity, and calculates a urea solution addition amount.
Description
- The present invention relates to an exhaust purification apparatus. Especially, the present invention relates to a urea solution injection device for a ship.
- Conventionally, an exhaust purification apparatus is known in which a selective reducing type NOx catalyst (SCR catalyst) is arranged inside an exhaust pipe and NOx (nitrogen oxide) is reduced into nitrogen and water with ammonia as a reducing agent for decreasing the NOx in exhaust gas discharged from an internal combustion engine.
- A urea solution is supplied from a urea solution injection nozzle arranged inside an exhaust pipe to exhaust gas, and ammonia is generated from the urea solution by heat of the exhaust gas so as to reduce NOx into nitrogen and water.
- In the exhaust purification apparatus, when an addition amount of the urea solution against a NOx discharge amount is insufficient, NOx cannot be decreased to a target purification rate (denitration shortage). When the addition amount of the urea solution against the NOx discharge amount is excessive, NOx in the exhaust gas is decreased more than the target purification rate (over-denitration) and ammonia slip that ammonia exceeding a theoretical equivalent is discharged to the atmosphere occurs. Then, there is a configuration that a NOx sensor is provided in an exhaust pipe and control is performed so as to add the urea solution of a suitable amount against the NOx discharge amount. For example, it is like the
Patent Literature 1. - However, in the NOx sensor of the exhaust purification apparatus described in the
Patent Literature 1, accurate measurement of the NOx discharge amount may not be performed because of interference of ammonia. It is disadvantageous that the NOx sensor in the internal combustion engine which is operated for 24 hours such as an engine for a ship requires frequent maintenance work because of a short life of the NOx sensor. - Patent Literature 1: the Japanese Patent Laid Open Gazette 2008-157136
- The present invention is provided in consideration of the problems as mentioned above, and the purpose of the invention is to provide an exhaust purification apparatus which can add a urea solution of a suitable amount without measuring directly a NOx discharge amount with a NOx measurement means.
- The problems to be solved by the present invention have been described above, and subsequently, the means of solving the problems will be described below.
- According to the present invention, an urea solution injection device of an exhaust purification device in which an urea solution is added as a reducing agent to exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine so as to reduce nitrogen oxide in the exhaust gas, includes a temperature sensor detecting a temperature of atmosphere, a humidity sensor detecting an absolute humidity or a relative humidity of the atmosphere, and a control device calculating an addition amount of the urea solution. A map, which converts an actual NOx discharge amount of the internal combustion engine driven with each rotation speed and each load under predetermined temperature and absolute humidity of the atmosphere into the standard NOx discharge amount of the internal combustion engine with each rotation speed and each load under standard conditions with a correction formula is stored in the control device. A rotation speed detection means detecting the rotation speed of the internal combustion engine and a load detection means detecting the load of the internal combustion engine are connected to the control device. The standard NOx discharge amount corresponding to the rotation speed detected by the rotation speed detection means and the load detected by the load detection means is calculated with the map, the standard NOx discharge amount is converted into the actual NOx discharge amount of the rotation speed and the load under the temperature of the atmosphere detected by the temperature sensor and the absolute humidity of the atmosphere detected by the humidity sensor with the correction formula by inverse operation, and the addition amount of the urea solution is calculated based on the actual NOx discharge amount.
- According to the present invention, the addition amount is calculated in consideration of a target purification rate and a concentration of the urea solution.
- The present invention brings the following effects.
- According to the present invention, the NOx discharge amount based on the characteristic of the internal combustion engine can be calculated while considering the temperature of the atmosphere and the absolute humidity of the atmosphere which influence the NOx discharge amount greatly. Accordingly, the urea solution of the suitable amount can be added without measuring directly the NOx discharge amount with a NOx sensor.
- According to the present invention, the addition amount of the urea solution can be adjusted corresponding to the operating condition. Accordingly, the urea solution or ammonia of the suitable amount can be added without measuring directly the NOx discharge amount with a NOx sensor.
-
FIG. 1 is a drawing of an exhaust purification apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 2 is a drawing partially in section of a urea solution injection nozzle of the exhaust purification apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of control processes of an addition amount of a urea solution according to the first embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 4 is a graph of a relation between an actual NOx discharge amount and the addition amount of the urea solution. - An explanation will be given on an
exhaust purification apparatus 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention referring toFIGS. 1 and 2 . In this embodiment, an “upstream side” means an upstream side in a flow direction of fluid, and a “downstream side” means a downstream side in the flow direction of the fluid. The exhaust apparatus is not limited to this embodiment and may alternatively be an air-less type apparatus which does not use pressurized air. - As shown in
FIG. 1 , theexhaust purification apparatus 1 purifies exhaust gas discharged from anengine 20. Theexhaust purification apparatus 1 is provided in anexhaust pipe 21 of theengine 20. Theexhaust purification apparatus 1 has a ureasolution injection nozzle 2, a pressurized air supply pump (compressor) 6, a pressurizedair valve 8, a ureasolution supply pump 9, aswitching valve 11, acontrol device 14, atemperature sensor 12, ahumidity sensor 13, a firstsupply flow path 15, a secondsupply flow path 16, aNOx catalyst 19 and the like. - The urea
solution injection nozzle 2 supplies a urea solution to an inside of theexhaust pipe 21. The ureasolution injection nozzle 2 includes a tubular member, and one of sides (lower side) thereof is inserted into the inside of theexhaust pipe 21 from the outside. The ureasolution injection nozzle 2 has a double pipe 3, aliquid nozzle 4, anair nozzle 5 and the like (seeFIG. 2 ). - The pressurized air supply pump (compressor) 6 supplies pressurized air. The pressurized
air supply pump 6 pressurizes (compresses) air and supplies the air. The pressurizedair supply pump 6 supplies the air to an air tank 7 when a pressure of the air tank 7 becomes lower than a predetermined pressure, and stops when the pressure of the air tank 7 reaches the predetermined pressure. In this embodiment, the pressurizedair supply pump 6 is not limited and may be a member which can maintain the pressure of the air tank 7. - The pressurized
air valve 8 opens and closes a flow path of the pressurized air. The pressurizedair valve 8 is provided in the secondsupply flow path 16. The pressurizedair valve 8 includes an electromagnetic valve and a solenoid thereof is connected to thecontrol device 14. The pressurizedair valve 8 can be switched to a position V and a position W by sliding a spool. When the pressurizedair valve 8 is at the position V, the secondsupply flow path 16 is closed. Then, the pressurized air is not supplied to the ureasolution injection nozzle 2. When the pressurizedair valve 8 is at the position W, the secondsupply flow path 16 is opened. Then, the pressurized air is supplied to the ureasolution injection nozzle 2. The pressurizedair valve 8 is not limited thereto and may alternatively be held at the position V or the position W by a driving motor or the like. - The urea
solution supply pump 9 supplies a urea solution. The ureasolution supply pump 9 is provided in the firstsupply flow path 15. The ureasolution supply pump 9 supplies the urea solution in a ureasolution tank 10 via the firstsupply flow path 15 to the ureasolution injection nozzle 2 at a predetermined flow rate. In this embodiment, the ureasolution supply pump 9 is not limited and may be a member which can supply the urea solution at the predetermined flow rate. - The
switching valve 11 switches a flow path of the urea solution. Theswitching valve 11 is provided at the downstream side of the ureasolution supply pump 9 in the firstsupply flow path 15. Adrain pot 17 is connected via aflow path 15 a to theswitching valve 11. Theswitching valve 11 includes an electromagnetic valve and a solenoid thereof is connected to thecontrol device 14. The switchingvalve 11 can be switched to a position X and a position Y by sliding a spool. - When the switching
valve 11 is at the position X, the firstsupply flow path 15 is closed and the ureasolution injection nozzle 2 is communicated with thedrain pot 17. Then, the urea solution is not supplied to the ureasolution injection nozzle 2, and the urea solution in the firstsupply flow path 15 and the ureasolution injection nozzle 2 at the downstream side of the switchingvalve 11 is discharged to thedrain pot 17. - When the switching
valve 11 is at the position Y, the firstsupply flow path 15 is opened. Then, the urea solution is supplied to the ureasolution injection nozzle 2. - The
temperature sensor 12 detects a temperature T of the atmosphere. Thetemperature sensor 12 is arranged at a position such as an engine room of a ship at which the temperature T of the atmosphere sucked by theengine 20 can be detected. This embodiment is not limited thereto, and any means is available if it can detect the temperature T of the atmosphere and transmit a detection signal of the temperature to thecontrol device 14. - The
humidity sensor 13 detects an absolute humidity H of the atmosphere. Thehumidity sensor 13 is arranged at a position such as the engine room of the ship at which the absolute humidity H of the atmosphere sucked by theengine 20 can be detected. This embodiment is not limited thereto, and any means is available if it can detect the absolute humidity H and transmit a detection signal of the absolute humidity to thecontrol device 14. For example, it may alternatively be configured that a relative humidity is detected and a detection signal thereof is transmitted to thecontrol device 14 so as to calculate the absolute humidity H based on the temperature T of the atmosphere. - The
control device 14 controls the ureasolution supply pump 9, the switchingvalve 11, thepressurized air valve 8 and the like. Various programs and data for controlling the ureasolution supply pump 9, the switchingvalve 11, thepressurized air valve 8 and the like are stored in thecontrol device 14. Thecontrol device 14 may be configured by connecting a CPU, a ROM, a RAM, a HDD and the like by a bus, or may alternatively be configured by a one-chip LSI or the like. Thecontrol device 14 may be configured integrally with anECU 22 which controls theengine 20. - A map M is stored in the
control device 14. The map M converts an actual NOx discharge amount, which is an amount of NOx included in exhaust gas of theengine 20 driven with each rotation speed and each load under predetermined temperature and absolute humidity of the atmosphere, into a standard NOx discharge amount Ns, which is an amount of NOx with each rotation speed and each load under standard conditions (for example, 10.71 g/kg 25° C.), with a correction formula F which is known or a measured formula. Concretely, the actual NOx discharge amount of theengine 20 with optional rotation speed and load under the predetermined temperature and absolute humidity of the atmosphere is measured under each driving condition. Then, the actual NOx discharge amount is converted into the standard NOx discharge amount Ns under the standard conditions with the correction formula F based on temperature and absolute humidity of the atmosphere at the time of the measurement. The map M of the standard NOx discharge amount Ns made as the above is stored. In addition, the correction formula F is stored in thecontrol device 14. - The
control device 14 is connected to the solenoid of thepressurized air valve 8 and can control opening and closing of thepressurized air valve 8. - The
control device 14 is connected to a driving motor of the ureasolution supply pump 9 and can control an operation state of the ureasolution supply pump 9. Namely, by controlling the operation state of the ureasolution supply pump 9, thecontrol device 14 can change optionally an addition amount Q of the urea solution added to the exhaust gas. Thecontrol device 14 is connected to the solenoid of the switchingvalve 11 and can control opening and closing of the switchingvalve 11. - The
control device 14 is connected to thetemperature sensor 12 and can obtain a signal of the temperature T of the atmosphere detected by thetemperature sensor 12. Thecontrol device 14 is connected to thehumidity sensor 13 and can obtain a signal of the absolute humidity H of the atmosphere detected by thehumidity sensor 13. A relative humidity can be detected and a detection signal thereof can be transmitted to thecontrol device 14 so as to calculate the absolute humidity with thecontrol device 14 using the temperature T of the atmosphere. - The
control device 14 is connected to theECU 22 and can obtain various kinds of information about theengine 20 obtained by theECU 22. Concretely, thecontrol device 14 can obtain a rotation speed R of theengine 20, which is detected by arotation speed sensor 20 a of theengine 20, via theECU 22. Thecontrol device 14 can obtain an output of adynamo 23, driven by theengine 20, detected by aload sensor 23 a of thedynamo 23 as a load L of theengine 20 via theECU 22. The load L is not limited to the detection value of theload sensor 23 a and may alternatively be calculated from a rack position, a fuel injection amount or an actual rotation speed. Thecontrol device 14 may obtain various kinds of information about theengine 20 directly not via theECU 22. - The
control device 14 is connected to an input device (not shown) and can obtain a signal about a target purification rate inputted from the input device and concentration of the urea solution. Alternatively, information about the target purification rate and the concentration of the urea solution can be inputted and defined previously. - The
NOx catalyst 19 promotes deoxidization reaction of NOx. TheNOx catalyst 19 is arranged inside theexhaust pipe 21 and at the downstream side of the ureasolution injection nozzle 2. TheNOx catalyst 19 is configured honeycomb like and promotes reaction that ammonia generated by thermal hydrolysis of the urea solution reduces NOx included in the exhaust gas into nitrogen and water. - Next, an explanation will be given on the urea
solution injection nozzle 2 of internal mixing type concretely referring toFIG. 2 . The type of the ureasolution injection nozzle 2 is not limited to this embodiment and an external mixing type urea solution injection nozzle may alternatively be used. A fluid nozzle used for an air-less type exhaust purification apparatus which does not use pressurized air may alternatively be used. - As shown in
FIG. 2 , the ureasolution injection nozzle 2 has the double pipe 3, theliquid nozzle 4, theair nozzle 5, and the like. - The double pipe 3 is a main component of the urea
solution injection nozzle 2 and constitutes the flow path of the urea solution and the flow path of the pressurized air. One of sides of the double pipe 3 is arranged inside theexhaust pipe 21 and the other side (upstream side) thereof is arranged outside theexhaust pipe 21. The downstream end of the double pipe 3 is arranged upstream theNOx catalyst 19 arranged inside theexhaust pipe 21. - The double pipe 3 includes an
outer pipe 3 b and aninner pipe 3 a arranged inside theouter pipe 3 b. A ureasolution flow path 3 c which is a flow path of the urea solution is configured in theinner pipe 3 a. Agas flow path 3 d which is a flow path of the pressurized air is configured in a space between theinner pipe 3 a and theouter pipe 3 b. In a middle part of an outer side of theouter pipe 3 b, a connection part (not shown) which can be connected watertightly to theexhaust pipe 21 is configured. In downstream ends of theinner pipe 3 a and theouter pipe 3 b, afemale screw part 3 e and amale screw part 3 f are formed respectively. In an upstream end of the double pipe 3, a ureasolution supply port 3 g communicated with the ureasolution flow path 3 c and agas supply port 3 h communicated with thegas flow path 3 d are configured. - The
liquid nozzle 4 injects the urea solution. Theliquid nozzle 4 is formed by a substantially cylindrical member and arranged downstream the double pipe 3. One of ends (downstream end) of theliquid nozzle 4 is formed conically around the axis. At a center of the end, aprojection part 4 a which is substantially cylindrical is formed so as to be projected axially. In the other end (upstream end) of theliquid nozzle 4, amale screw part 4 b is formed so as to be projected axially. Furthermore, in an axial center part of theliquid nozzle 4, a ureasolution flow path 4 c is formed so as to penetrate axially the wholeliquid nozzle 4 from themale screw part 4 b to theprojection part 4 a. A middle part of the ureasolution flow path 4 c is contracted diametrically so that an inner diameter of a downstream end of the ureasolution flow path 4 c is formed smaller than an inner diameter of an upstream end of the ureasolution flow path 4 c. - The
male screw part 4 b of theliquid nozzle 4 is screwed to thefemale screw part 3 e of the double pipe 3. Accordingly, the double pipe 3 is connected to theliquid nozzle 4 and the ureasolution flow path 4 c is communicated with the ureasolution flow path 3 c of the double pipe 3. Then, the urea solution can be supplied from the ureasolution flow path 3 c of the double pipe 3 to the ureasolution flow path 4 c. - The
air nozzle 5 injects the urea solution which is atomized. Theair nozzle 5 is formed by a substantially cylindrical member. Theair nozzle 5 is arranged downstream theliquid nozzle 4 so that one of ends (upstream end) of theair nozzle 5 touches the downstream end of the double pipe 3. Aflange part 5 a is firmed in a side surface of an upstream end of theair nozzle 5. In an axial part of theair nozzle 5, a hole which has a substantially conical diametrical contracted part contracted diametrically from a middle part toward the other side (downstream side) is formed penetratingly from the upstream end to the downstream end. An inner diameter of an upstream end of the hole is formed enough for the pressurized air to pass therethrough even if a downstream end of theliquid nozzle 4 is inserted into the upstream end of the hole. In an axial center part of a diametrical contracted side end of the diametrical contracted part, a mixingflow path 5 c of the urea solution is formed. In a downstream end of theair nozzle 5, aninjection port 5 e which is an opening of the mixingflow path 5 c is formed. - The
air nozzle 5 is connected to the double pipe 3 by anut 5 b. The downstream end of theliquid nozzle 4 is inserted into the hole of the upstream side of the air nozzle 5 (the mixingflow path 5 c). At this time, a space is formed between the hole of theair nozzle 5 and theliquid nozzle 4. The space is communicated as agas flow path 5 d with thegas flow path 3 d of the double pipe 3 and the mixingflow path 5 c. Accordingly, the urea solution is supplied from the ureasolution flow path 4 c of theliquid nozzle 4 to themixing flow path 5 c, and the pressurized air is supplied from thegas flow path 5 d to themixing flow path 5 c. Namely, theinjection port 5 e can inject the urea solution by screwing theair nozzle 5 to the double pipe 3. - According to the above, the urea
solution injection nozzle 2 has theliquid nozzle 4 which injects the urea solution toward one of the sides (downstream side) and theair nozzle 5, and injects the urea solution toward theNOx catalyst 19. In this embodiment, in the ureasolution injection nozzle 2, the ureasolution flow path 4 c, thegas flow path 5 d, and the mixingflow path 5 c are configured by theliquid nozzle 4 and theair nozzle 5. However, the configuration is not limited thereto and the ureasolution flow path 4 c, thegas flow path 5 d, and the mixingflow path 5 c may be configured respectively. - An explanation will be given on an operation mode of the
pressurized air valve 8 and the switchingvalve 11 referring toFIG. 1 . - As shown in
FIG. 1 , the air tank 7 is connected to thegas supply port 3 h of the ureasolution injection nozzle 2 via thepressurized air valve 8 by the secondsupply flow path 16. - As mentioned above, normally, the
pressurized air valve 8 is held at the position V. In this case, since the secondsupply flow path 16 is closed, the pressurized air is not supplied to thegas supply port 3 h of the ureasolution injection nozzle 2. - When the
control device 14 energizes the solenoid of thepressurized air valve 8, thepressurized air valve 8 is switched from the position V to the position W. In this case, since the secondsupply flow path 16 is opened, the pressurized air is supplied to thegas supply port 3 h of the ureasolution injection nozzle 2. - When the
control device 14 stops the energization to the solenoid of thepressurized air valve 8, thepressurized air valve 8 is switched to the position V. In this case, since the secondsupply flow path 16 is closed, the pressurized air is not supplied to thegas supply port 3 h of the ureasolution injection nozzle 2. - As shown in
FIG. 1 , theurea solution tank 10 is connected to the ureasolution supply port 3 g of the ureasolution injection nozzle 2 via the ureasolution supply pump 9 and the switchingvalve 11 by the firstsupply flow path 15. - As mentioned above, normally, the switching
valve 11 is held at the position X. In this case, since the firstsupply flow path 15 is closed, the urea solution is not supplied to the ureasolution supply port 3 g of the ureasolution injection nozzle 2. The ureasolution supply port 3 g of the ureasolution injection nozzle 2 is atmosphere-opened in thedrain pot 17 via theflow path 15 a. - When the
control device 14 energizes the solenoid of the switchingvalve 11, the switchingvalve 11 is switched to the position Y. In this case, since the firstsupply flow path 15 is opened, the urea solution is supplied to the ureasolution supply port 3 g of the ureasolution injection nozzle 2. Since the communication with thedrain pot 17 is cut off, the ureasolution supply port 3 g of the ureasolution injection nozzle 2 is not atmosphere-opened. - When the
control device 14 stops the energization to the solenoid of the switchingvalve 11, the switchingvalve 11 is switched to the position X. In this case, since the firstsupply flow path 15 is closed, the urea solution is not supplied to the ureasolution supply port 3 g of the ureasolution injection nozzle 2. Since the communication with thedrain pot 17 is permitted, the ureasolution supply port 3 g of the ureasolution injection nozzle 2 is atmosphere-opened in thedrain pot 17. - An explanation will be given on an operation mode of the urea
solution injection nozzle 2 referring toFIGS. 1 and 2 . - As shown in
FIG. 1 , when the supply (injection) of the urea solution to the inside of theexhaust pipe 21 is started, thecontrol device 14 switches the switchingvalve 11 to the position Y so that the urea solution is supplied to the ureasolution supply port 3 g of the urea solution injection nozzle 2 (the double pipe 3). The urea solution is injected from theprojection part 4 a of theliquid nozzle 4 to themixing flow path 5 c of theair nozzle 5 via the ureasolution flow path 3 c of the double pipe 3 and the ureasolution flow path 4 c of theliquid nozzle 4. - In this state, the
control device 14 switches thepressurized air valve 8 to the position W so that the pressurized air is supplied to thegas supply port 3 h of the urea solution injection nozzle 2 (the double pipe 3). As shown inFIG. 2 , the pressurized air is injected at a predetermined pressure via thegas flow path 3 d of the double pipe 3 and thegas flow path 5 d of theair nozzle 5 to themixing flow path 5 c of theair nozzle 5. As a result, the urea solution collides with the pressurized air inside the mixingflow path 5 c of theair nozzle 5 and is atomized, and then injected via theinjection port 5 e of theair nozzle 5. - As shown in
FIG. 1 , when the supply (injection) of the urea solution to the inside of theexhaust pipe 21 is stopped, thecontrol device 14 switches the switchingvalve 11 to the position X so that the supply of the urea solution to the ureasolution supply port 3 g of the urea solution injection nozzle 2 (the double pipe 3) is stopped. Accordingly, the ureasolution supply port 3 g of the double pipe 3 is atmosphere-opened via the firstsupply flow path 15 and the switchingvalve 11. - An explanation will be given on a mode of calculation of the addition amount of the urea solution referring to
FIG. 3 . - The
control device 14 obtains the signal of the temperature T of the atmosphere from thetemperature sensor 12 and obtains the signal of the absolute humidity H of the atmosphere from thehumidity sensor 13. Thecontrol device 14 obtains the signal of the rotation speed R of theengine 20 from therotation speed sensor 20 a and obtains the signal of the load L of theengine 20 from theload sensor 23 a. Thecontrol device 14 calculates an actual NOx discharge amount Nr based on the obtained information and controls the operation state of the urea solution supply pump 9 (seeFIG. 1 ). - As shown in
FIG. 3 , thecontrol device 14 controls the operation state of the ureasolution supply pump 9 with below steps. - Firstly, at a step S110, the
control device 14 obtains the signal of the temperature T of the atmosphere from thetemperature sensor 12 and obtains the signal of the absolute humidity H of the atmosphere from thehumidity sensor 13. Thecontrol device 14 obtains the signal of the rotation speed R of theengine 20 from therotation speed sensor 20 a and obtains the signal of the load L of theengine 20 from theload sensor 23 a. - At a step S120, the
control device 14 calculates the standard NOx discharge amount Ns, which is an amount of NOx discharged from theengine 20 driven with the rotation speed R and the signal of the load L under standard conditions, from the signal of the rotation speed R and the signal of the load L of theengine 20 with the map M. - At a step S130, the
control device 14 calculates an actual NOx discharge amount Nr, which is an amount of NOx discharged from theengine 20 driven with the rotation speed R and the signal of the load L under the temperature T and the absolute humidity H of the atmosphere, from the standard NOx discharge amount Ns corresponding to the rotation speed R and the signal of the load L calculated at the step S120 and the signal of the temperature T and the signal of the absolute humidity H of the atmosphere with the correction formula F by inverse operation. Namely, the actual NOx discharge amount Nr which is necessary to set the amount of NOx discharged from theengine 20, which is driven with the rotation speed R and the signal of the load L under the temperature T and the absolute humidity H of the atmosphere, to the standard NOx discharge amount Ns is calculated with the correction formula F. - At a step S140, the
control device 14 determines the addition amount Q of the urea solution, which is necessary to reduce the actual NOx discharge amount Nr from the target purification rate and the concentration of the urea solution which are set optionally. - At a step S150, the
control device 14 controls the operation state of the ureasolution supply pump 9 so as to supply the addition amount Q of the urea solution in the ureasolution supply pump 9 to the exhaust gas. Subsequently, thecontrol device 14 returns to the step S110. - Accordingly, as shown in
FIG. 4 , in the case in which the addition amount Q of the urea solution is Q1 while the actual NOx discharge amount Nr is Nr1, when the actual NOx discharge amount Nr is decreased to Nr2′, NOx is decreased more than the target purification rate (a two-dot chain line inFIG. 4 ) (over-denitration) (see A′). Then, by the above control, the decrease of the actual NOx discharge amount Nr to Nr2′ is calculated, and the ureasolution supply pump 9 is controlled so as to set the addition amount Q of the urea solution to a suitable addition amount Q2′. Furthermore, when the actual NOx discharge amount Nr is decreased to Nr2, NOx is decreased more than the target purification rate (over-denitration) and ammonia exceeding a theoretical equivalent (a dashed line inFIG. 4 ) and remaining is discharged outside the exhaust pipe 21 (ammonia slip). Then, by the above control, the decrease of the actual NOx discharge amount Nr to Nr2 is calculated, and the ureasolution supply pump 9 is controlled so as to set the addition amount Q of the urea solution to a suitable addition amount Q2. When the actual NOx discharge amount Nr is increased to Nr3, denitration shortage that NOx cannot be decreased to the target purification rate occurs (see a point B). Then, by the above control, the increase of the actual NOx discharge amount Nr to Nr3 is calculated, and the ureasolution supply pump 9 is controlled so as to set the addition amount Q of the urea solution to a suitable addition amount Q3. - As the above, the
exhaust purification apparatus 1, in which ammonia is added as a reducing agent to the exhaust gas of theengine 20 which is an internal combustion engine so as to reduce nitrogen oxide in the exhaust gas, has thetemperature sensor 12 detecting a temperature T of the atmosphere, thehumidity sensor 13 detecting the absolute humidity H or the relative humidity of the atmosphere, and thecontrol device 14 calculating the addition amount of the urea solution. The map M, which converts the actual NOx discharge amount Nr of theengine 20 driven with each rotation speed and each load under predetermined temperature and absolute humidity of the atmosphere into the standard NOx discharge amount Ns of theengine 20 with each rotation speed and each load under the standard conditions with the correction formula F is stored in thecontrol device 14. Therotation speed sensor 20 a which is a rotation speed detection means detecting the rotation speed of theengine 20 and theload sensor 23 a of thedynamo 23 which is a load detection means detecting the load of theengine 20 are connected to thecontrol device 14. The standard NOx discharge amount Ns corresponding to the rotation speed R detected by therotation speed sensor 20 a and the load L detected by theload sensor 23 a is calculated with the map M. The standard NOx discharge amount Ns is converted into the actual NOx discharge amount Nr of the rotation speed R and the load L under the temperature T of the atmosphere detected by thetemperature sensor 12 and the absolute humidity H of the atmosphere detected by thehumidity sensor 13 with the correction formula F by inverse operation. The addition amount Q of the urea solution is calculated based on the actual NOx discharge amount Nr. - According to the configuration, the actual NOx discharge amount Nr based on the characteristic of the
engine 20 can be calculated while considering the temperature T of the atmosphere and the absolute humidity H of the atmosphere which influence the NOx discharge amount greatly. Accordingly, the urea solution of the suitable amount can be added without measuring directly the actual NOx discharge amount Nr with a NOx sensor. - The addition amount Q is calculated in consideration of the target purification rate and the concentration of the urea solution.
- According to the configuration, the addition amount Q can be adjusted corresponding to the operating condition. Accordingly, the urea solution of the suitable amount can be added without measuring directly the actual NOx discharge amount Nr with a NOx sensor.
- The present invention can be used especially for an exhaust purification apparatus for a ship.
-
-
- 1 exhaust purification apparatus
- 12 temperature sensor
- 13 humidity sensor
- 14 control device
- 20 engine
- 20 a rotation speed sensor
- 23 a load sensor
- R rotation speed
- W load
- Ns standard NOx discharge amount
- Nr actual NOx discharge amount
- Q addition amount
Claims (2)
1. An urea solution injection device of an exhaust purification device in which an urea solution is added as a reducing agent to exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine so as to reduce nitrogen oxide in the exhaust gas, comprising:
a temperature sensor detecting a temperature of atmosphere;
a humidity sensor detecting an absolute humidity or a relative humidity of the atmosphere; and
a control device calculating an addition amount of the urea solution,
characterized in that
a map, which converts an actual NOx discharge amount of the internal combustion engine driven with each rotation speed and each load under predetermined temperature and absolute humidity of the atmosphere into the standard NOx discharge amount of the internal combustion engine with each rotation speed and each load under standard conditions with a correction formula is stored in the control device,
a rotation speed detection means detecting the rotation speed of the internal combustion engine and a load detection means detecting the load of the internal combustion engine are connected to the control device, and
the standard NOx discharge amount corresponding to the rotation speed detected by the rotation speed detection means and the load detected by the load detection means is calculated with the map, the standard NOx discharge amount is converted into the actual NOx discharge amount of the rotation speed and the load under the temperature of the atmosphere detected by the temperature sensor and the absolute humidity of the atmosphere detected by the humidity sensor with the correction formula by inverse operation, and the addition amount of the urea solution is calculated based on the actual NOx discharge amount.
2. The urea solution injection device according to claim 1 , wherein the addition amount is calculated in consideration of a target purification rate and a concentration of the urea solution.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2012140014A JP2014005745A (en) | 2012-06-21 | 2012-06-21 | Urea water injection device |
JP2012-140014 | 2012-06-21 | ||
PCT/JP2013/066272 WO2013191067A1 (en) | 2012-06-21 | 2013-06-12 | Urea solution injection device |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20150176453A1 true US20150176453A1 (en) | 2015-06-25 |
Family
ID=49768666
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US14/409,277 Abandoned US20150176453A1 (en) | 2012-06-21 | 2013-06-12 | Urea solution injection device |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20150176453A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2878779B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2014005745A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20150030250A (en) |
CN (1) | CN104583549A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2013191067A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP6032985B2 (en) * | 2012-07-18 | 2016-11-30 | 大阪瓦斯株式会社 | Reducing agent injection device and denitration device |
KR101601520B1 (en) * | 2014-10-30 | 2016-03-08 | 두산엔진주식회사 | System for selective catalytic reuction and method for selective catalytic reduction |
KR101601519B1 (en) * | 2014-10-30 | 2016-03-08 | 두산엔진주식회사 | System for selective catalytic reuction and method for selective catalytic reduction |
CN105649722B (en) * | 2014-12-04 | 2018-03-06 | 财团法人车辆研究测试中心 | The self-adaptation control method and system of selective reduction catalyst |
US9453449B2 (en) | 2015-01-06 | 2016-09-27 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Diesel exhaust system and method for controlling exhaust fluid dosing |
JP6432456B2 (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2018-12-05 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Exhaust gas purification device for internal combustion engine |
KR102447698B1 (en) * | 2016-03-31 | 2022-09-29 | 에이치에스디엔진 주식회사 | Reductant supply system and method for managing the same |
DE102016208171A1 (en) * | 2016-05-12 | 2017-11-16 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Apparatus and method for improving the recirculation of reductant in an exhaust gas reduction system |
KR101790881B1 (en) | 2016-06-21 | 2017-10-26 | 주식회사 현대케피코 | Urea Solution Injection Device Integrated With Mixer |
JP7254010B2 (en) * | 2019-11-19 | 2023-04-07 | 日立造船株式会社 | Hydrolysis system, denitrification equipment, and control method for hydrolysis system |
KR102348619B1 (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2022-01-07 | 고등기술연구원연구조합 | Selective catalytic reduction studying system and studying method of selective catalytic reduction |
CN113912083B (en) * | 2021-06-23 | 2023-06-27 | 华能巢湖发电有限责任公司 | Method for improving urea pyrolysis rate of SCR pyrolysis furnace |
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US20120102943A1 (en) * | 2010-11-03 | 2012-05-03 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Method for monitoring a regulated emission concentration in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine |
US20130192203A1 (en) * | 2012-01-31 | 2013-08-01 | Svetlana Mikhailovna Zemskova | Exhaust system |
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JPH0635817B2 (en) * | 1989-02-02 | 1994-05-11 | 株式会社日本触媒 | Method for removing nitrogen oxides from diesel engine exhaust gas |
JPH0635818B2 (en) * | 1989-02-02 | 1994-05-11 | 株式会社日本触媒 | Method for removing nitrogen oxides from diesel engine exhaust gas |
JPH0645617Y2 (en) * | 1991-03-28 | 1994-11-24 | 株式会社新潟鉄工所 | Reducing agent control device for denitration equipment |
US6361754B1 (en) * | 1997-03-27 | 2002-03-26 | Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. | Reducing no emissions from an engine by on-demand generation of ammonia for selective catalytic reduction |
JP3772554B2 (en) * | 1998-10-01 | 2006-05-10 | 日産自動車株式会社 | Engine exhaust purification system |
JP2001020724A (en) * | 1999-07-07 | 2001-01-23 | Isuzu Motors Ltd | NOx PURIFICATION SYSTEM FOR DIESEL ENGINE |
DE10043690A1 (en) * | 2000-09-04 | 2002-03-14 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Procedure for NOx mass flow determination from map data with variable air intake and engine temperature |
JP2008157136A (en) | 2006-12-25 | 2008-07-10 | Mitsubishi Fuso Truck & Bus Corp | Exhaust emission control device for internal combustion engine |
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JP2009264221A (en) * | 2008-04-24 | 2009-11-12 | Mitsubishi Fuso Truck & Bus Corp | ENGINE NOx EMISSION AMOUNT CALCULATING DEVICE |
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-
2013
- 2013-06-12 US US14/409,277 patent/US20150176453A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-06-12 KR KR1020157001688A patent/KR20150030250A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2013-06-12 CN CN201380032571.7A patent/CN104583549A/en active Pending
- 2013-06-12 EP EP13806650.1A patent/EP2878779B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2013-06-12 WO PCT/JP2013/066272 patent/WO2013191067A1/en active Application Filing
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US5116579A (en) * | 1989-02-02 | 1992-05-26 | Nippon Shokubai Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd. | Removing nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases from a diesel engine |
US20120102943A1 (en) * | 2010-11-03 | 2012-05-03 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Method for monitoring a regulated emission concentration in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine |
US20130192203A1 (en) * | 2012-01-31 | 2013-08-01 | Svetlana Mikhailovna Zemskova | Exhaust system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2878779A4 (en) | 2016-03-23 |
KR20150030250A (en) | 2015-03-19 |
WO2013191067A1 (en) | 2013-12-27 |
JP2014005745A (en) | 2014-01-16 |
EP2878779B1 (en) | 2017-08-30 |
EP2878779A1 (en) | 2015-06-03 |
CN104583549A (en) | 2015-04-29 |
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